What is causing these artifacts when the extruder moves in one direction?
In case of such difference in printing in different directions you can check if;


for x and partially z axis


filament is blocked and cannot be pulled as it should
spool is blocked

for x and y axis


rods on which caret/HB is sliding are parallel
timing belt idlers are parallel and they are in a line



Shape of the nozzle or its perpendicularity should not be the case as it's hot and it wipes layer itself.

You can also check if it's not an issue of cooling fan. It can vibrate as such.

Eventually it could be an issue of cooling itself. Let's assume you have cooling fan at the back and it pushes air to the front then when caret moves from the front to the back then cooling time is longer than when the fan goes in opposite direction.