I can't figure out how to name this problem or solve it
I'm an Ender 3 Pro user and I've been through almost every problem this machine has.

If you are on original hotend and Bowden style extruder, then first try the hot end PTFE fix


What the picture may show is a temperature too low, especially on these bad layers. Raise the temperature like you have tried (200 °C is good).

To avoid prints being knocked off the bed, try brim (it's in bed-adhesion in Cura), most people don't use raft anymore. What brim does is to add addition loops on the first layer of your prints and make it sticks as good as possible.

No raft, add brim. Then disable Z-hop, enable combing in Cura.


These steps should be able to mitigate the problem.