Partially missed / dragged layers
I managed to confirm the dragged layers were mostly due to under-extrusion.

I had a faulty extruder (clicking sound) and once I swapped it out it was greatly improved.

It's worth noting I also had a slight z-wobble issue so that could have played a role.

Hopefully this can help somebody out as I hadn't seen this kind of symptom in any of the print quality guides.