Auger Paste extruder
To be precise we shall have all physical parameters of extruded material to calculate extrusion parameters.
In that case, my approach will be to use try and check approach, as that will give a systematic problem-solving.

To set the steps/mm, we will focus only on the measured length after extrusion.


let's set the extrusion length to 10 cm, extrude and check the extruded length.
if we measure a different value, then we can use a formula to fix that
newStepsPermm = currentStepsPermm*(requestedExtrusionLength / measuredLength )
That need to be repeated as long as we will get requested length and this is a standard calibration procedure.


The minimal layer thickness will be connected with the way how the pasta behaves (how it is sticky, water amount etc) - so for that there is a need for a patience. 
My approach will be to create a sheet where I would store the ingredients ratio and a note about extruded material behavior.

To remove bubbles in the extruded material - the syringe shall be filled with caution and continuously to avoid material stacking as that produces air pockets. 



Addon: To calibrate clay you can print a single line using manually prepared gcode. Amount of extruded material could be estimated by weighting conteiner/bottle or extruded material and that will give you an orientation of flow like gramms/mm or mm3/mm.

let's try this:


we have our steps//mm untouched
try to set printing speed for single line, so the clay will looks nice
if we have over/under extrusion - change feedrate by 5% up/down.
when the extrusion looks ok, then note all printed parameters


so if we end-up with printing speed 10mm/s and feedrate 140%, then we know that the steps/mm need to be multiplied by feedrate factor (1.4 in this case).