Solve a Linear Equation
JavaScript ES6, 246 bytes

Still some golfing to be done, but at least it's a solution!

C=a=&gt;new Function("x","return "+a.replace(/(\d)x/g,"$1*x"));n=&gt;{n=n.split("=");t=Math.abs,r=C(n[0]),c=C(n[1]),a=0,i=r(a)-c(a);a++;v=r(a)-c(a);o=t(i)&lt;t(v)?-1:1;for(u=1/0;r(a)!==c(a);)a+=o,e=t(r(a)-c(a)),e&gt;u&amp;&amp;(u=1/0,o/=10),u=Math.min(e,u);return a}


Name the function n=&gt;{n=n.split("=")... to use it.

Hyper-ungolfed:

function solveLinear(equation){
    equation = equation.split("=");
    var abs = Math.abs;
    var LHS = convertToFunction(equation[0]), RHS = convertToFunction(equation[1]);
    var pivot = 0;
    var dir;
    var dir1 = LHS(pivot) - RHS(pivot);
    pivot++;
    var dir2 = LHS(pivot) - RHS(pivot);
    if(abs(dir1)&lt;abs(dir2)) dir = -1;
    else dir = 1;
    var dif, minDif = Infinity;
    while(LHS(pivot) !== RHS(pivot)){
        pivot += dir;
        dif = abs(LHS(pivot) - RHS(pivot));
        if(dif &gt; minDif){
            minDif = Infinity;
            dir /= 10;
        }
        minDif = Math.min(dif, minDif);
        console.log(pivot,dir,dif,minDif);
    }
    return {
        x: pivot,
        LHS: LHS,
        RHS: RHS
    };
}


This uses a pivot approach. (I'm not sure if this is what the algorithm is called, just a name I invented.) It first gathers which direction to search for from zero (i.e., which way the slopes of the two sides of the equations will intersect) and looks for the value. Once it finds a point of minimal difference, it goes to that point and decreases the search increment. This eventually yields as precise of a solution we need.