Sort useless characters
MATL, 15 14 bytes
ttfiX\qgP)S5M(

Inputs are a string enclosed in single quotes and a number. Single-quote symbols in the string should be escaped by duplicating (as in MATLAB and Octave).
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Explanation
Consider inputs 'abcdABC123' and 4.
tt     % Implicitly input string. Duplicate twice
       % STACK: 'abcdABC123', 'abcdABC123', 'abcdABC123'
f      % Find: indices of nonzero elements: gives [1 2 ... n] where n is input length
       % STACK: 'abcdABC123', 'abcdABC123', [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]
i      % Input n
       % STACK: 'abcdABC123', 'abcdABC123', [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10], 4
X\     % 1-based modulo
       % STACK: 'abcdABC123', 'abcdABC123', [1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4]
qg     % Subtract 1, convert to logical: gives true (1) for 1, false (0) otherwise
       % STACK: 'abcdABC123', 'abcdABC123', [0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1]
P      % Flip
       % STACK: 'abcdABC123', 'abcdABC123', [1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0]
)      % Use as logical index into the string
       % STACK: 'abcdABC123', 'acdAC12'
S      % Sort
       % STACK: 'abcdABC123', '12ACacd'
5M     % Push logical index again
       % STACK: 'abcdABC123', '12ACacd', [1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0]
(      % Write into original string as specified by the index. Implicitly display
       % STACK: 1b2ACBacd3

1-based modulo means that mod([1 2 3 4 5], 3) gives [1 2 3 1 2] instead of the usual (0-based) [1 2 0 1 2]. This is needed here to handle the case n=1 adequately.