Construct n-gons with a ruler and compass
Mathematica, 2 3 4 polygons, 759 bytes

S=Solve;n=Norm;A=Circle;L=Line;c={#,Norm[#-#2]}&amp;{a_,b_List}~p~{c_,d_List}:=a+l*b/.#&amp;@@S[a+l*b==c+m*d,{l,m}]{a_,b_List}~p~{c_,r_}:=a+l*b/.S[n[c-a-l*b]==r,l]{c_,r_}~p~{d_,q_}:={l,m}/.S[n[c-{l,m}]==r&amp;&amp;n[d-{l,m}]==q,{l,m}]q={0,0};r={1,0};a=q~c~r;b=r~c~q;Graphics@Switch[Input[],3,{s=#&amp;@@p[a,b];A@@@{a,b},Red,L@{q,r,s,q}},4,{k={q,r};{d,e}=a~p~b;j={d,e-d};d=k~p~j~c~q;{e,f}=j~p~d;A@@@{a,b,d},L/@Accumulate/@{k,j},Red,L@{q,e,r,f,q}},6,{d={q,r};e=#&amp;@@d~p~a;f=e~c~q;{g,h}=a~p~f;{i,j}=a~p~b;A@@@{a,b,f},L@{#-2#2,#+2#2}&amp;@@d,Red,L@{r,i,g,e,h,j,r}},8,{k={q,r};{d,e}=a~p~b;j={d,e-d};d=k~p~j~c~q;{e,f}=j~p~d;g=e~c~q;h=q~c~e;i=r~c~e;{o,s}=g~p~h;{t,u}=g~p~i;o={o,2s-2o};s={t,2u-2t};{t,u}=o~p~d;{v,w}=s~p~d;A@@@{a,b,d,g,h,i},L/@Accumulate/@{k,j,o,s},Red,L@{q,t,e,v,r,u,f,w,q}}]


Random bullet points:


Input is provided via prompt.
I'm currently supporting inputs 3, 4, 6, 8.
From your options, I chose the following plotting styles:


Full circles.
Lines from endpoint to endpoint, unless a relevant intersection lies outside, in which case I'll hardcode the extent.
No points.
Workings are black, polygons are red - not for aesthetic but for golfing reasons.

There's some serious code duplication between the polygons. I think at some point I'll just do a single construction for all of them, enumerating all lines and points and circles along the way, and then just reduce the Switch to select the relevant circles and lines for each construction. That way I could reuse a lot of primitives between them.
The code contains a lot of boilerplate functions which determine all the relevant intersections, and create circles from two points.
With that in place, I will be adding more polygons in the future.


Here is the ungolfed code:

S = Solve;
n = Norm;
A = Circle;
L = Line;
c = {#, Norm[# - #2]} &amp;
{a_, b_List}~p~{c_, d_List} := 
 a + l*b /. # &amp; @@ S[a + l*b == c + m*d, {l, m}]
{a_, b_List}~p~{c_, r_} := a + l*b /. S[n[c - a - l*b] == r, l]
{c_, r_}~p~{d_, q_} := {l, m} /. 
  S[n[c - {l, m}] == r &amp;&amp; n[d - {l, m}] == q, {l, m}]
q = {0, 0};
r = {1, 0};
a = q~c~r;
b = r~c~q;
Graphics@Switch[Input[],
  3,
  {
   s = # &amp; @@ p[a, b];
   A @@@ {a, b},
   Red,
   L@{q, r, s, q}
   },
  4,
  {
   k = {q, r};
   {d, e} = a~p~b;
   j = {d, e - d};
   d = k~p~j~c~q;
   {e, f} = j~p~d;
   A @@@ {a, b, d},
   L /@ Accumulate /@ {k, j},
   Red,
   L@{q, e, r, f, q}
   },
  6,
  {
   d = {q, r};
   e = # &amp; @@ d~p~a;
   f = e~c~q;
   {g, h} = a~p~f;
   {i, j} = a~p~b;
   A @@@ {a, b, f},
   L@{# - 2 #2, # + 2 #2} &amp; @@ d,
   Red,
   L@{r, i, g, e, h, j, r}
   },
  8,
  {
   k = {q, r};
   {d, e} = a~p~b;
   j = {d, e - d};
   d = k~p~j~c~q;
   {e, f} = j~p~d;
   g = e~c~q;
   h = q~c~e;
   i = r~c~e;
   {o, s} = g~p~h;
   {t, u} = g~p~i;
   o = {o, 2 s - 2 o};
   s = {t, 2 u - 2 t};
   {t, u} = o~p~d;
   {v, w} = s~p~d;
   A @@@ {a, b, d, g, h, i},
   L /@ Accumulate /@ {k, j, o, s},
   Red,
   L@{q, t, e, v, r, u, f, w, q}
   }
  ]


And here are the outputs: