Standard atmosphere properties
MATL, 152 bytes
'!Q%:5-aeo\!=XBf=H]3|X&quot;Pj7#UGj{r_DH&amp;!+.eFc;u4 kG9Q[rQA(^D1dW- @[E8{Ul0!AXC|MDi8}:&amp;D(j&amp;1_zMU.`[^HQvWoi5}*1UApz %Ld3A)N&lt;$A*7!wBgm'F4Y2'- .;e'hZaU1&amp;Z)i&amp;1Yn

Output is in the same order as described in the challenge
Try it online! Or verify all test cases.
Explanation
Most of the code, '!Q%:5...!wBgm', is a compressed string containing the table. F4Y2'- .;e'hZa decompresses this into the string -611 19 ... 6.961e-6. Note that some decimals have been removed, as they are not needed to fulfill the 0.1% accuracy criterion.
The decompressed string is interpreted as an array with U. This produces the 8×4 table with the required data. The first column shown in the challenge is not needed. Then 1&amp;Z) separates the first column from the rest.
i takes a number as input, and &amp;1Yn applies linear interpolation using the three types of data: first column of the table, remaining columns, input. The result of the interpolation is implicitly displayed.
The input can also be a column vector, and then each row of the output refers to one of the input values. This is used for verifying all test cases at once.