Life can be colorful!
MATLAB: 275

My favorite of the parameters I tried is 45678, 568 which following a gradual disintegration results in a sky of twinkling stars.
This image depicts, "the disintegration of the persistence of memory."



Ungolfed gif-producing code (accepts PNG without extension):

B = input('B', 's') - 48;
S = input('S', 's') - 48;
f0 = input('file: ', 's');
frames = 60;

f = sprintf('%s.png',f0);
fout = sprintf('%s.gif',f0);
first = 1;
img = imread(f);
for i = 1:60
    out = img * 0;
    [r, c, turd] = size(img);
    for b=0:7
        bimg = ~~bitand(img,2^b);
        pimg = [bimg,bimg,bimg;bimg,bimg,bimg;bimg,bimg,bimg];
        fun = @(ro,co) pimg(r+ro:r+r+ro-1,c+co:c+c+co-1,:);
        sum = fun(0,0)+fun(0,1)+fun(0,2)+fun(1,0)+fun(1,2)+fun(2,0)+fun(2,1)+fun(2,2);
        bnew = uint8(bimg &amp; ismember(sum,S) | ~bimg &amp; ismember(sum, B));
        out = out + 2^b * bnew;
    end
    %imwrite(out,'out.png');
       if first
           [img1,img2] = rgb2ind(img,256);
           imwrite(img1,img2,fout,'gif','Loop',Inf);
          imwrite(img1,img2,fout,'gif','WriteMode','append');
           first = 0;
       end
       img = out;
       [img1,img2] = rgb2ind(img,256);
       imwrite(img1,img2,fout,'gif','WriteMode','append');%,'DelayTime', 2*delay);
end


Golfed code that accepts a full filename (which can be GIF, JPEG, and perhaps other stuff) and writes to out.png:

I=@()input('','s');B=I();S=I();i=imread(I());o=0;[r,c,t]=size(i);for b=0:7
g=~~bitand(i,2^b);p=repmat(g,3);F=@(z,Z)p(r+z:r+r+z-1,c+Z:c+c+Z-1,:);M=@(A)ismember(F(0,0)+F(0,1)+F(0,2)+F(1,0)+F(1,2)+F(2,0)+F(2,1)+F(2,2),A-48);o=o+2^b*uint8(g&amp;M(S)|~g&amp;M(B));end
imwrite(o,'out.png')


A previously discovered fact is that parameters 12, 1 can be used to generate a Sierpinski carpet-like fractal. Here is one with a randomly placed seed point in each bit: