Output the ALONED numbers
Python 2, 90 79 73 bytes

-6 bytes thanks to xnor

L=range(2,input()+1)
while L[0]*2&lt;=L[-1]:L.remove(L[0]*2);L=L[1:]
print L


Takes the input number on stdin. Ideone it!

Explanation

We construct the initial list from the input number and store it in L. Next, loop while the last number is greater than or equal to 2 times the first number and remove 2 times the first number from the list. This will always be the next number divisible by L[0]. L=L[1:] takes off the first number as well. When the condition is no longer true, no further removals can be made, and the list is printed.