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Jelly, 9 7 bytes

IsJEƇḢḢ


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How it works

IsJEƇḢḢ  Main link. Argument: A (array)

I        Increment; compute D, the array of A's forward differences.
  J      Indices; yield [1, ..., len(A)].
 s       Split D into chunks of length k, for each k in [1, ..., len(A)].
   EƇ    Comb equal; keep only partitions of identical chunks.
     Ḣ   Head; extract the first matching parititon.
      Ḣ  Head; extract the first chunk.