Find the dot product of Rationals
MATL, 12 bytes
YF2:&amp;Y)dwd*s

Input is an array [num1 den1 num2 den2].
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Explanation
Consider example input [20 1 14 15].
YF      % Implicit input: array of 4 numbers. Exponents of prime factorization.
        % Gives a matrix, where each row corresponds to one of the numbers in
        % the input array. Each row may contain zeros for non-present factors
        % STACK: [2 0 1 0
                  0 0 0 0
                  1 0 0 1
                  0 1 1 0]
2:&amp;Y)   % Push a submatrix with the first two rows, then a submatrix with the
        % other two rows
        % STACK: [2 0 1 0
                  0 0 0 0],
                 [1 0 0 1
                  0 1 1 0]
d       % Consecutive difference(s) along each column
        % STACK: [2 0 1 0
                  0 0 0 0],
                 [-1 1 -1 1]
wd      % Swap, and do the same for the other submatrix
        % STACK: [-1 1 -1 1]
                 [-2 0 -1 0]
*       % Element-wise product
        % STACK: [2 0 -1 0]
s       % Sum. Implicit display
        % STACK: 1