Sum the powers that be
05AB1E, 9 bytes

DLImDŠÖÏO


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Explanation

Example input 46656, 3

D          # duplicate first input
           # STACK: 46656, 46656
 L         # range [1 ... first input]
           # STACK: 46656, [1 ... 46656]
  Im       # each to the power of second input
           # STACK: 46656, [1, 8, 27 ...]
    D      # duplicate
           # STACK: 46656, [1, 8, 27 ...], [1, 8, 27 ...]
     Š     # move down 2 spots on the stack
           # STACK: [1, 8, 27 ...], 46656, [1, 8, 27 ...]
      Ö    # a mod b == 0
           # STACK: [1, 8, 27 ...], [1,1,1,1,0 ...]
       Ï   # keep only items from first list which are true in second
           # STACK: [1, 8, 27, 64, 216, 729, 1728, 5832, 46656]
        O  # sum
           # OUTPUT: 55261