Repdigit Base Finding
Jelly, 11 9 bytes

bRI¬P€TḊṖ


Returns a list of bases, which is empty (falsy) if there is none. Try it online!

How it works

bRI¬P€TḊṖ  Main link. Argument: x (number)

 R         Range; yield [1, ..., x].
b          Base; convert x to base n, for each n in the range.
  I        Compute the increment (differences of successive values) of each array
           of base-n digits. This yields only 0's for a repdigit.
   ¬       Apply logical NOT to each increment.
    P€     Compute the product of all lists of increments.
      T    Get the indices of all truthy products.
       Ḋ   Discard the first index (1).
        Ṗ  Discard the last index (x - 1).