When does Santa enter the basement? (AOC Day 1)
Jelly, 8 7 bytes

O-*+\i-


Thanks to @Sp3000 for golfing off 1 byte!

Try it online!

How it works

O-*+\i-    Main link. Input: s (string)

O          Ordinal; replace each character with its code point.
           This maps "()" to [48, 49].
 -*        Apply x -&gt; (-1) ** x.
           This maps [48, 49] to [1, -1].
   +\      Compute the cumulative sum, i.e., the list of partial sums.
     i-    Find the first index of -1.