Triangular Grids: Simply Connected Polyiamonds
Snails, 95 bytes
F&amp;
lr|=((ul.)2 ,l~a~)d|!((ul.)2 ,l~a~)u}\*}+l\ ,~a~|{\ (lr|=((ul.)2 ,l~a~)d|!((ul.)2 ,l~a~)u}+~

This really suffered from duplication, as I haven't implemented macros or any kind of back-reference. What it does is to check that for each star, there exists a path to the leftmost star on the top line; and for each space, there is a path to an edge of the grid.
F&amp;                         ,, option F: pad lines with spaces to the length of the longest
                           ,, option &amp;: print 1 iff match succeeds from every cell
lr                         ,, direction left or right, or
      | =((ul.)2 ,l~a~) d  ,, direction down, if we are an even number of orthogonal moves from the top left
      | !((ul.)2 ,l~a~) u  ,, or, direction up if we are odd number of moves from the top left
    }  \*                  ,, literal '*'
}+                         ,, 1 or more times
l\ ,~a~                    ,, check that we are on the leftmost * in the top line

|                          ,, the part before this is for starting on '*'; part after for starting on ' '

{ \                        ,, literal ' '
    (   lr                 ,, direction left or right, or
      | =((ul.)2 ,l~a~) d  ,, same drill as before...
      | !((ul.)2 ,l~a~) u 
}+                         ,, 1 or more times
~                          ,, end on an out of bounds cell