Analyzing Earthquakes
CJam, 57 55 bytes

{:K,K0a*@[{Kmrm&lt;){_{_0#&gt;W%K0e]}2*_)}1?+}*;]1fb2/::-fe=}


This is an anonymous function that pops k and t from the stack (k on top of t) and leaves the desired array in return.

Try it online in the CJam interpreter.

How it works

:K         e# Save the topmost integer (k) in K.
,          e# Push I := [0 ... K-1].
K0a*       e# Push J := [0 ... 0] (K elements).
@          e# Rotate the other integer (t) on top of the stack.
[{         e# Do t times:
  Kmr      e#   Pseudo-randomly select an integer between 0 and t-1.
  m&lt;       e#   Rotate the array J than many units to the left.
  )        e#   Pop out the last element.
  {        e#   If it is 1:
    _      e#     Copy J.
    {      e#     Do 2 times:
      _0#  e#       Push the first index of 0 in J.
      &gt;    e#       Discard the preceding elements.
      W%   e#       Reverse the array.
      K0e] e#       Pad it with zeroes to length K.
    }2*    e#
    _)     e#     Copy J and pop out the last element.
  }        e#
  1?       e#   Else: Push 1.
  +        e#   Push the integer on the stack on J.
}*         e#
;          e# Discard the last value of J.
]          e# Collect the intermediate values of J in an array.
1fb        e# Replace each array by the sum of its elements (number of ones).
2/         e# Split the array into chunks of length 2.
::-        e# Replace each chunk by the difference of its elements.
fe=        e# Count the occurrences of each integer in I.