What's a half on the clock?
Jelly, 6 bytes

R2*%i1


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How it works

R2*%i1  Input: n

R       Range; yield [1, ..., n].
 2*     Compute [2**1, ..., 2**n].
   %    Hook; take all powers modulo n.
    i1  Get the index of the first 1.
        Indices are 1-based, so index k corresponds to the natural number k.