What measures can the aerospace industry take to deal with changes in the electronic industry that are incompatible with its own conservatism?
The aviation industry is strongly cognisant of these risks.

At least one research programme has attempted to analyse them in depth, the Aerospace Vehicle Systems Institute (AVSI) Consortium Project #17 Methods to Account for Accelerated Semiconductor Device Wear Out.

The project ran for six years until 2007 with a budget of ~US$1.2 million.

However, the project's scope was analysis, development of guidelines, testing methods and so on, and did not include ways of addressing the fundamental problem.

A paper from the project Microelectronics Reliability: Physics-of-Failure Based Modeling and Lifetime Evaluation discusses some of the issues in depth.