Can structural damage be detected or predicted using historical data?
Yes it can be done. However, with the advent of technologies, you can also use the real time updates of the monitored system to understand it's health. In some cases where the historical data is not available, it becomes important to assess the structure's condition based on real time updates. I feel the following links could be of interest: 


https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1475921718760483
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888327017304612