Do the engines still spool up when reverse thrust is selected, but the reversers are not deployed?
Although not exactly the same thing you're asking you might be able to surmise an answer about Airbus from what happened in the crash of TAM flight 3054. 

It was an A320 landing in Sao Paulo with a known inop T/R on the right engine. The pilots retarded the left thrust lever to idle to engage spoilers and then into reverse to engage left T/R but left the right lever in CLIMB. The autothrust turned off and due to the lever positions the left engine went into reverse thrust while the right engine went into full forward thrust causing them to veer off and overrun the runway and crash.

According to Airbus this had been a problem before so they changed the procedure for single T/R. It was previously to bring both to idle then only the working one to reverse. This was apparently confusing the pilots causing accidents so they changed it. The correct procedure is now to bring BOTH levers to idle then at touchdown, BOTH to reverse. Obviously if this is the procedure the A320 will not normally spool up the engine that did not have reverse thrust. The only reason it did was because the pilot left the right lever in the climb detent.

I'm not sure if this is true if the T/R's were PREVENTED from deploying due to the wheels not touching down but I would figure it would. 

The way the A320 thrust levers work is that you release a catch then pull the levers aftward past the idle detent. (Not a pilot so correct me if I'm wrong here) Other a/c have a separate set of levers, for reverse thrust, sometimes hinged to the main thrust levers.

According to this illustration I found at this site the DC10 did have such a system to prevent the thrust to be increased until the reversers were deployed. 

According to a BEA investigation report the B747 has a similar system:


  The thrust reverser mechanism is commanded by one lever located on each thrust lever. In the ground position and when the thrust levers are at idle, it is possible to pull the thrust reverser levers back to the "interlock" position which corresponds to reverse. This unlocks the reversers and initiates their deployment. There is blocking in the interlock position when the reversers are in motion or incompletely extended. The use of full reverse thrust is possible when the "in transit" lights are off and the "unlock" lights are on (see appendix 2) to indicate that the reversers are deployed and locked. (BEA site)