How is wind measured at this small U.S. airport?
Ultrasonic anemometers are replacing the traditional cup anemometers in automated weather stations.  The sensor measures the time it takes for an ultrasonic pulse to travel between the probes, which is affected by wind speed. In your second image, the object directly above the lights appears to be an anemometer.



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Ultrasonic sensors have the advantage of no moving parts and lower maintenance requirements. Also, with additional probes, they can measure the wind in 3D.