What kind of container should be used for storing a disassembled Cessna 172?
A "dry van" (nonrefrigerated) 53 foot trailer, commonly towed as a "tractor trailer" sports an extra 3 inches of inside diameter (8 foot 3 inches) to go with 9 feet 3 inches in height. 

You could also build a custom crate either onsite (storage shed) or portable (on a flatbed).
Transporting it to a local barn or unused building is also possible, better than leaving it to the elements.

I would look into local storage options, with the wing removed, there should be many.