Is on-board equipment for in-flight de-icing also used on the ground?
Usually, no.

There are two main methods used to deice an airplane in the air. One is letting warm air that is bleed from the jet engine to heat the wing leading edge. The other is to have have rubber air bladders (called deice boots) on the leading edge of the wing and tail surfaces that are pumped up and the ice falls off. Both of those methods are only useful to deice the leading edge of the wing and tail surfaces which is pretty much the only dangerous place where an airplane can gather ice while it is flying.

Airplanes on the ground are a different story. Ice can be built up pretty much anywhere as there is no airflow to prevent it. Excessive ice on control surfaces can make them behave "unevenly" or in extreme cases even unresponsive. Bigger chunks of ice breaking off the fuselage can get ingested by the engine and cause problems. It is therefore important that the airplane takes off ice-free. In fact, as little as frost on the surface of the wings can cause a significant loss of lift and can even cause a plane to crash.