Are there design differences between propellers powered by air (wind-power) and propellers for aviation?
Blades of wind turbines, airplanes and helicopters are essentially the same. They are all wings, roughly to do the same job. However, each one is designed or enhanced to do their special job. The differences can be:


Number of revolutions
Wing span
Rate of flow
Tip speed
Density of medium
Material
Load


Turbine blades are designed to move in large volumes of rather slow moving air (usually 10-30 mph, 16-50 km/h) and not create turbulence that fouls the next blade. Aircraft propellers are designed to move high velocity air and avoid the turbulence by moving out of the way.

Wind turbines use blade pitch to adjust the rotation speed and the generated power. Wind turbine's control system adjusts the blade pitch to keep the rotor speed within operating limits as the wind speed changes. In aircraft, blade pitch is usually described as "coarse" for a coarser angle, and "fine" for a finer.