Do concurrent operations on a single runway occur anywhere else besides AirVenture?
ICAO defined procedures for Reduced runway separation which to some extend permits concurrent operations on a single runway. ICAO does not mention anything about coloured dots, but the ICAO procedures do open up for doing something similar to what you are describing.

The following is from Doc 4444/PANS-ATM:


  7.11.4    For the purpose of reduced runway separation, aircraft shall be classified as follows:
  
  
  Category 1 aircraft: single-engine propeller aircraft with a maximum certificated take-off mass of 2 000 kg or less; 
  Category 2 aircraft: single-engine propeller aircraft with a maximum certificated take-off mass of more than 2 000 kg but less than 7 000 kg; and twin-engine propeller aircraft with a maximum certificated take-off mass of less than 7 000 kg; 
  Category 3 aircraft: all other aircraft. 
  


[...]


  7.11.7    Reduced runway separation minima which may be applied at an aerodrome shall be determined for each separate runway. The separation to be applied shall in no case be less than the following minima:
  
  landing aircraft:
  
  
  a succeeding landing Category 1 aircraft may cross the runway threshold when the preceding aircraft is a Category 1 or 2 aircraft which either: 
  
  
  has landed and has passed a point at least 600 m from the threshold of the runway, is in motion and will vacate the runway without backtracking; or 
  is airborne and has passed a point at least 600 m from the threshold of the runway;
  a succeeding landing Category 2 aircraft may cross the runway threshold when the preceding aircraft is a Category 1 or 2 aircraft which either: 
  has landed and has passed a point at least 1 500 m from the threshold of the runway, is in motion and will vacate the runway without backtracking; or 
  is airborne and has passed a point at least 1 500 m from the threshold of the runway; 
  a succeeding landing aircraft may cross the runway threshold when a preceding Category 3 aircraft: 
  has landed and has passed a point at least 2 400 m from the threshold of the runway, is in motion and will vacate the runway without backtracking; or 
  is airborne and has passed a point at least 2 400 m from the threshold of the runway; 
  
  
  
  departing aircraft:
  
  
  a Category 1 aircraft may be cleared for take-off when the preceding departing aircraft is a Category 1 or 2 aircraft which is airborne and has passed a point at least 600 m from the position of the succeeding aircraft;
  
  
  a Category 2 aircraft may be cleared for take-off when the preceding departing aircraft is a Category 1 or 2 aircraft which is airborne and has passed a point at least 1 500 m from the position of the succeeding aircraft; and 
  an aircraft may be cleared for take-off when a preceding departing Category 3 aircraft is airborne and has passed a point at least 2 400 m from the position of the succeeding aircraft.
  
  


(note: I have changed formatting slightly to better fit this format)

These general rules are interpreted different by different countries, but some different forms of reduced runway separation are used in different places of the world.