What are these unsymmetrical parts at the tail of the Tupolev TU-144?
The four parts you're referring to contain the actuation mechanism for the rudder, similar to the wing pods that contain the flap actuation mechanism.

The reason they are not arranged symmetrically is that the rudder has two sections (you can see the 'cut' in the middle in your image)- apparently to provide redundancy and improve safety. So,each section has two actuation mechanisms on the same side, with both of them in opposite sides.

The Concorde had a similar arrangement, albeit with only a single mechanism on either side, as can be seen below.



By Simon Boddy, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31619795