Did the Soviet Union build any commercial jetliners?
Of course. Probably more than any other single country except the US.

Tupolev Tu-104, one of the first jetliners. For a short time, when the Comet was grounded, it was the only jet airliner flying in the world.

Tu-124, its development, the world's first jetliner with turbofan engines.

Tu-134, further development; claimed to be the world's most produced twin jet of this class (80-pax).

Tu-154, a trijet, USSR's most popular airliner. (Similar to B727 or Trident).

Tu-204 was developed in the 1980s and is essentially 'Soviet', but never saw service in the USSR.

Tu-144, of course. Although it first flew a few months before Concorde, it had extremely limited commercial (or better say, 'civil') service.

Ilyushin Il-62, a long-range jet, a relatively rare example of a quad-jet with all engines on the back (similar to Vickers VC10).

Il-86, USSR's first commercial widebody, and its later development Il-96.

Yakovlev Yak-40, a small (30-40 pax) regional trijet, the world's first in its class.

Yak-42, the first Soviet jet with high-bypass turbofan; a trijet smaller than Tu-154.

All these jets (except Tu-144 and 204) were in wide use in the USSR, and most were exported at least to the Eastern Bloc countries and beyond. Of them, only Il-96 and Yak-42 remain in limited commercial use, although more are operated by air forces and government bodies.