How is the emergency locator transmitter of the A320 fixed, activated and carried away?
It's a self-contained unit with its own battery, GPS transmitter and antenna, with a port that can be plugged into the antenna connector of the aircraft. Just disconnect, stick out the whip antenna, and swim downstream the Amazon :)

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Here is Australia boats are required to bring a similar device on board called an EPIRB if going off-shore for more than a couple of miles, also a really good idea if driving from Darwin to Adelaide with a detour through the desert.