What are pilot position reports?
Navigation Fixes

The words that you are hearing are navigation fixes that are published on the pacific crossing charts.  They are used so that aircraft can report their position to Air Traffic Control using a standard, easy to say name that is located at a specific geographic location.  

You can think of them like street intersections.  Instead of saying 29 degrees 44 minutes 18.8 seconds North, 95 degrees 24 minutes 38.5 seconds West (GPS coordinates), you would say the intersection of South Shepherd Drive and West Alabama Street1.  In the case of aviation though, they take it one step further and give it a five letter (usually) pronounceable name like the ones that you are hearing on the radio.

The navigation fixes that you refer to are standard reporting points located on airways going between the SW coast of the US to/from Hawaii:


GALIP and DIALO are on R576 (outbound airway)
GITLE is on R585 (inbound airway)


To see an actual chart and to follow along, the FAA offers IFR Enroute Aeronautical Planning Charts on their website (these would be on the PORC chart).  Here is a low resolution excerpt from the area that we are talking about:



A typical flight will file an airway with only the start and end fixes along with the airway name instead of specifying every fix on the route.  For instance, it might look something like GALIP R576 OGG which tells ATC that they will fly directly between all of the fixes on the airway: GALIP DADIE DIALO DUSAK DRAYK DENNS OOG.  The filled in triangle at each of these fixes means that it is a mandatory reporting point, and they will be required to make a position report every time that they cross one.

Position Reports

Position reports are given in a standard format specified in the AIM 5-3-2:


  d. Position Report Items:
  
  1. Position reports should include the following items:
  
  (a) Identification;
  
  (b) Position;
  
  (c) Time;
  
  (d) Altitude or flight level (include actual altitude or flight level
  when operating on a clearance specifying VFR-on-top);
  
  (e) Type of flight plan (not required in IFR position reports made
  directly to ARTCCs or approach control);
  
  (f) ETA and name of next reporting point;
  
  (g) The name only of the next succeeding reporting point along the
  route of flight; and
  
  (h) Pertinent remarks.


Example (from 5-3-1):


  (Name) CENTER, (aircraft identification), (position), (time),
  (altitude), (type of flight plan), (ETA and name of next reporting
  point), (the name of the next succeeding reporting point), AND
  (remarks).


Or a better example:

Los Angeles Center, N1234, over GALIP at 1645, Flight Level 370, Estimating DADIE at 1730, DIALO next


Then, when they get to DADIE, they do it all over again:

Los Angeles Center, N1234, over DADIE at 1730, Flight Level 370, Estimating DIALO at 1818, DUSAK next


This continues until the aircraft is identified on radar again at which time they can discontinue reporting unless specifically requested by ATC.



1 Mapped here for the curious.