Why does a turbofan shut off when rapidly retarding the thrust levers?
The rotational inertia of the fan will continue to push air through the engine after the fuel supply has been reduced. Reduce the fuel supply too quickly and the result is like holding a match in a gale: the wind blows the flame out.

To prevent this, modern engines use digital controls (FADEC) to ensure that the engine is kept within its operating parameters regardless of what the pilot might do with the throttle.