How can I convert an FAA pilot's certificate to a Canadian one?
Transport Canada has all the information here for each FAA license type (and type ratings); the necessary forms and contacts are here. These are the basic requirements for a private pilot, for example:


  6.1 Conditions for Conversion - Private Pilot – Aeroplane.      
  
  (1) Must hold an FAA Private airman certificate with airplane category and
  class rating(s).   
  
  (1) Age: Must be at least 17 years of age.
  (2)
  Medical fitness: Must hold either a Category 1 or Category 3 TCCA
  medical.
  (3) Knowledge: Must pass the Conversion - Private Pilot
  Licence – Aeroplane, (FAAPA) written examination on air laws and
  communications. Must be able to read, write and communicate in English
  or French.
  (4) Experience: Must provide proof of a minimum of 45
  hours pilot flight time.
  (5) Skill: No additional practical flight
  test is required.