Does the coriolis force have an effect on the direction in which an aircraft travels?
Yes, the effect is there, and (auto-) pilots have to compensate for it, but the direct impact of the Coriolis force is insignificant compared to the impact of any wind forces.

This has been discussed on Physics SE: Coriolis force on bullet vs airplane

On the other hand side, the Coriolis force (seemingly) deflects moving air masses and causes the global wind patterns as we now them. Through the resulting wind forces on aircrafts, the Coriolis force has a very significant indirect impact on aircraft travel.