Does the center of mass for an airplane have to be over the wings?
No.

One relatively trivial example is a tandem wing (or a canard with a very large forward surface, if you will); the center of mass will be between the lifting surfaces, positioned so that the forward surface flies at a higher coefficient of lift than the rear (to give static longitudinal stability).

If you build your model with the motors on short arms, so that they're a bit above the wings when in quadcopter mode, you may be able to manage the CoM shift so that you automatically get the balance right for forward flight in wing lift.