Can airplanes benefit from this "roughness" on bird wings?
It may seem counterintuitive, but by introducing a small amount of turbulence, this interrupts the slower boundary layer which is directly in contact with the wing, thereby delaying local airflow separation and aerodynamic stall. Essentially, at the expense of a small amount of parasitic drag, the stall performance and control effectiveness of the wing can be improved.
Aircraft add small fins called Vortex Generators to achieve this effect on otherwise smooth wings, flaps, ailerons, rudders, and elevators.

Here is a link to check out:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_generator