How can pressure pattern navigation be applied to light airplanes?
Here is an interesting slide show that may be of some help.

The FAA still does (although extremely rarely from my understanding), issue a flight navigator rating. This rating dates back to the early days before avionics were as sophisticated as they are today. The FAA publishes this handbook (for the rating), Chapter 15 covers pressure pattern navigation and may be what you are looking for.  

This document on pressure patterns from a weather standpoint may also be of interest.