Do aircraft performance figures include corrections for areas with especially strong or weak gravity?
No they don’t. Any variations in gravity are swamped by variations in temperature, pressure, density, winds, runway surface, runway slope, runway conditions (wet?) etc. that all have a major impact on performance.

But it is an interesting question, and I learned something by following the link. Thanks!

I know it does have an impact on navigation for submarines, which use variations in gravitational fields in their inertial nav algorithms.