When to use beacon, anti-collision, strobe, logo, and navigation lights?
The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) is a great place to look for questions like this, and has this on the subject:


  4-3-23. Use of Aircraft Lights
  
  a. Aircraft position lights are required to be lighted on aircraft
  operated on the surface and in flight from sunset to sunrise. In
  addition, aircraft equipped with an anti-collision light system are
  required to operate that light system during all types of operations
  (day and night). However, during any adverse meteorological
  conditions, the pilot-in-command may determine that the anti-collision
  lights should be turned off when their light output would constitute a
  hazard to safety (14 CFR Section 91.209). Supplementary strobe lights
  should be turned off on the ground when they adversely affect ground
  personnel or other pilots, and in flight when there are adverse
  reflection from clouds.
  
  b. An aircraft anti-collision light system can use one or more
  rotating beacons and/or strobe lights, be colored either red or white,
  and have different (higher than minimum) intensities when compared to
  other aircraft. Many aircraft have both a rotating beacon and a strobe
  light system.
  
  c. The FAA has a voluntary pilot safety program, Operation Lights On,
  to enhance the see-and-avoid concept. Pilots are encouraged to turn on
  their landing lights during takeoff; i.e., either after takeoff
  clearance has been received or when beginning takeoff roll. Pilots are
  further encouraged to turn on their landing lights when operating
  below 10,000 feet, day or night, especially when operating within 10
  miles of any airport, or in conditions of reduced visibility and in
  areas where flocks of birds may be expected, i.e., coastal areas, lake
  areas, around refuse dumps, etc. Although turning on aircraft lights
  does enhance the see-and-avoid concept, pilots should not become
  complacent about keeping a sharp lookout for other aircraft. Not all
  aircraft are equipped with lights and some pilots may not have their
  lights turned on. Aircraft manufacturer's recommendations for
  operation of landing lights and electrical systems should be observed.
  
  d. Prop and jet blast forces generated by large aircraft have
  overturned or damaged several smaller aircraft taxiing behind them. To
  avoid similar results, and in the interest of preventing upsets and
  injuries to ground personnel from such forces, the FAA recommends that
  air carriers and commercial operators turn on their rotating beacons
  anytime their aircraft engines are in operation. General aviation
  pilots using rotating beacon equipped aircraft are also encouraged to
  participate in this program which is designed to alert others to the
  potential hazard. Since this is a voluntary program, exercise caution
  and do not rely solely on the rotating beacon as an indication that
  aircraft engines are in operation.
  
  e. Prior to commencing taxi, it is recommended to turn on navigation,
  position, anti­collision, and logo lights (if equipped). To signal
  intent to other pilots, consider turning on the taxi light when the
  aircraft is moving or intending to move on the ground, and turning it
  off when stopped or yielding to other ground traffic. Strobe lights
  should not be illuminated during taxi if they will adversely affect
  the vision of other pilots or ground personnel.
  
  f. At the discretion of the pilot­in­command, all exterior lights
  should be illuminated when taxiing on or across any runway. This
  increases the conspicuousness of the aircraft to controllers and other
  pilots approaching to land, taxiing, or crossing the runway. Pilots
  should comply with any equipment operating limitations and consider
  the effects of landing and strobe lights on other aircraft in their
  vicinity.
  
  g. When entering the departure runway for takeoff or to “line up and
  wait,” all lights, except for landing lights, should be illuminated to
  make the aircraft conspicuous to ATC and other aircraft on approach.
  Landing lights should be turned on when takeoff clearance is received
  or when commencing takeoff roll at an airport without an operating
  control tower.