Does the retirement age for commercial airline pilots vary across the globe?
Yes, they do vary between different countries. The international standard for regulations is created by ICAO, but member nations are free to deviate from ICAO rules and several do. ICAO currently limits retirement age to 60 for single-person crew, 65 for multi-person crew, and an exception to 70 for balloon or sailplane.
EASA did a study in 2019 in response to requests from countries to increase the age for single-person helicopter crews to 65. The link to the actual report is broken, but there is a summary posted on the ICAO website. The rationale from these countries is that standard retirement age in those countries is 65. The report lists a few large agencies that deviate from the ICAO standards. Japan raised their limit to 68 for multi-crew ops. Canada, Australia and New Zealand have no age limit, the latter two indicating that it would be considered age discrimination.