What is the source for the flight data shown on in-flight entertainment systems?
I work on these panels which get the data (both IFE and cockpit display panels for a big OEM and there are very few in the world :)). This is all Air data systems which are providing all the data. We get this data from various sensors placed inside the cockpit or on aircraft exterior including wings and tail. Their are different kind of data transmission buses like ARINC which transmit that data then the required data is fed to IFE system through a protocol but most crucial data like data coming from Weather Radar etc is kept for Pilot usage and is displayed on the cockpit display panels.

For your question Altitude, elevation. azimuth there are some radars in the aircraft which gives that data and some of these radars measure and send this data using CAN protocol with very high speed varying from 40ms to 100ms.