What alternatives to pitot static systems are available or in development?
A number of systems are under development- most are optical systems- determining airspeed using LiDAR. NLR, for example has developed an Optical Air Data System for this purpose:


  The  developed  system  applies  the  LiDAR technique to measure air speed in four different directions. The aircraft’s TAS (True Air Speed),  AOA  (Angle  Of  Attack)  and  SSA  (Side  Slip  Angle)  are  calculated  from  these  speed  measurements.  


Other systems are in prototype stage- including a photonic system that is based on back scattering of light, but none of them are yet operational.