Why don't commercial aircraft have drag chutes for aborted takeoffs?
The answer to this is much the same as they answer to any "Why don't airliners have [XYZ safety equipment]?"; the answer is generally along the lines of questioning whether the occurrence of such incidents (and the danger presented by them), outweigh the extra weight/certification/maintenance/cost of the equipment.

I'd argue that the danger presented by, and the relatively infrequent nature of, late aborts does not require braking parachutes to be added.

See also


Do any commercial airline models have a parachute at rear to help in landings?
Could ejector seats save lives in commercial aircraft? 
Airframe parachute on commercial airlines and Why don&#39;t commercial jet aircraft have a break-apart, parachute escape system?