Can Part 141 instrument simulated time be logged?
The FAA's Advisory Circular 61-136B addresses this subject and explains how time on an advanced training device should be logged:

D.3 Logging Training Time and Experience.
Authorized instructors
utilizing an FAA-approved ATD for airmen training, pilot time, and
experience requirements are required to log the time as dual
instruction and as basic aviation training device (BATD) or advanced
aviation training device (AATD) time appropriately. Any columns that
reference flight time should remain blank when logging ATD time. ATD
time can only be logged as Instruction Received (Dual), Instrument
Time, or Total Time as reflected on the pilot time section of FAA Form
8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application. Simulated
instrument time can be logged in an ATD, but only during the time when
the visual component of the training session is configured for
instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) and the pilot is
maintaining control solely by reference to the flight instruments.
Logging time in this fashion will allow a pilot to credit this time
towards the aeronautical experience and instrument experience
requirements as specified in part 61 or part 141. It is required under
§ 61.51(b)(1)(iv) that the type and identification of the ATD be
included when logging pilot time as described in the letter of
authorization (LOA). It is the responsibility of the flight
instructor, student, or certificated pilot to verify the device is
qualified and approved for training or experience requirements. It
would be appropriate for the person using the ATD to retain a copy of
the LOA. Evaluators such as Designated Pilot Examiners (DPE) are
instructed to request a copy of the LOA from applicants logging ATD
pilot time, to verify the time acquired in the trainer qualifies for
the minimum experience requirements for a certificate or rating.
Note: There are no restrictions on the amount of training accomplished and
logged in training devices. However, the regulatory limitations on
maximum credit allowed for the minimum pilot certification
requirements are specified by parts 61 and 141 and in the LOA. No
approvals or authorizations are provided for aircraft type ratings
using ATDs.