What are the names and the function of these aircraft components?
1 - nutplate holding something on the other side of the firewall

2 - starter or master contactor (a relay operated by low-current signal from cockpit switch)

4 - positive heavy-gauge cable to battery or starter

5 and 6 might be the alternator voltage regulator to hold the output voltage at 14.4V

10 - oil filter to remove carbon and other crud from oil

11 and 23 - magneto to provide carefully-timed high voltage pulses at for ignition

12 - alternator to charge battery and run electric instruments / radios

14 - vacuum pump to power gyroscopic flight instruments

15 - carburetor to meter air and fuel

21 - crankcase vent (?) to prevent blow-by gases from forcing oil out of the engine

22 - fuel strainer drain valve to drain water / crud from low point in fuel system

Better pictures would help to identify the other parts!