What does this symbol on this Aerodrome Chart mean?
It is the Aerodrome Reference Point, ARP.

As per ICAO annex 14 vol 1, chapter 2.2:


  2.2 Aerodrome reference point
  
  2.2.1 An aerodrome reference point shall be established for an aerodrome.
  
  2.2.2 The aerodrome reference point shall be located near the initial or planned geometric centre of the aerodrome and 
  shall normally remain where first established.
  
  2.2.3 The position of the aerodrome reference point shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information 
  services authority in degrees, minutes and seconds.


The FAA likes to use the term "Airport Reference Point"

Please see the Jeppesen AWM introduction - airport chart legend (pdf). Chart on page two has the symbol with refrence number 17, and on page three this is explained as:


  17 — The geographical location of the Airport Reference Point (ARP) is depicted when known.