Is there standard ticket data format specification for commercial flight operators?
IATA does have a standard for Boarding Pass Bar Codes that outlines a lot of encoding information and other things. This holds so long as you are not showing up to a Cuban airport in your own plane. There are lots of numbers and codes on boarding passes that mean all kinds of things. Ticketing systems may contain even more information than the boarding pass its self and that is up to the implementation of the system. The effective minimum set of identifying information is likely to be (more or less): 


Departure airport code
Arrival airport code
Departure time typically a local time although most aviation things run on Zulu time in practice. 
Seat number 
Flight number (code share possible) 
Date of flight 
Passenger Name 
Record Locator (Some kind of ID for the information)