Has this "straight through" airport design ever been contemplated?
Yes. An architect named Miklos Deri seems to have contemplated something similar: Drive Through Airport – Inversion of Procedures. The design is based around smaller aircraft (which reduces some of the height and size problems) and stacks aircraft together in lines to address the space efficiency issues. 

Nobody has built such an airport (it's a concept, not created for any particular project), and there are practical problems associated with moving aircraft multiple times during a turnaround.