What factors lead to mounting engines towards the rear of aircraft
I am just a Flight Sim enthusiast so everything I say should be heavily scrutinized, but there is a flightsim that features the A-10C which has an engine configuration just like you describe as you can see in the picture.



The (ingame) flight manual has the following to say about the engine configuration:


  Engines 
  All versions of the A-10 have been powered by twin TF-34-GE-100A engines that are mounted high
  on the rear fuselage between the wings and the rear stabilizers. The unusual placement of the
  engines provides several distinct advantages:
  
  
  The high mounting reduces the likelihood of the engines ingesting Foreign Object Debris
  (FOD) when operating from rough, forward bases in war-time.
  Engines can remain running when aircraft is being rearmed and refueled. This leads to
  faster mission turn-around
  Ease of servicing the engines
  Reduced IR signature from below due to the shielding of the horizontal stabilizer.
  


Another related thing I found was how they combine with the leading edge slats, it says.


  Added leading edge slats for improved airflow to engines at higher angles of attack


As most of these reasons are in a military setting I cannot comment on the advantages for civilian aviation.