Is there an issue with an acceleration followed by a deceleration when flying a SID?
There is another limitation apart from the 250/10,000 one, according to ICAO Annex 11 Chapter 5 Appendix 4:


  Speed limitations applicable to both IFR and VFR aircraft:
  — 250 knots below 10 000 ft ASL; and
  — 200 knots below 3 000 ft AGL within 10 NM of a controlled airport.


So within 10 NM and below 3,000 ft AGL of the controlled airport, you are not supposed to exceed 200 knots.

Note: In the Rome example before the 210 knots PRA turn, the leg is 4+10+6 (20) NM, but all of it is still within (or very close to) 10 NM of the airport. Also note the 'at 3,000 ft' point, which is still below 3,000 feet AGL, so it's hard to justify trying to accelerate after that only to slow down again in 6 NM while climbing to 'at or above 6,000 ft'.



I checked the Italian AIP for any differences from the above ICAO limitation. AIP GEN 1.7 refers to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, in which no differences from Chapter 5 are listed, which is to say the quotation above applies in Italy.



What if it's more than 10 NM from the airport?

In this case the procedure design group (PDG) that designs the procedures will typically make any speed restriction clear.