Can I join the Navy after a corrective eye surgery and still be a Naval Aviator?
I had this explained to me by an OSO a few years back. The answer is a qualified, yes, but the devil is in the details. 

At the time, no procedure that involved cutting a corneal flap was approved. This means that LASIK and similar procedures were not approved for aviators. (This may change, but I think its unlikely). So that leaves PRK and similar procedures that only modify the the cornea's surface. This follows recommendations my medical professionals that recommend people that play contact sports to opt for PRK instead of LASIK. 

However, here is the detail that was explained to me that I consider to be "the catch", you must already be in the Navy. In other words, you must have already made a commitment, then once inside, you can apply for the waiver and use a Navy approved opthamologist to perform the procedure. The problem with this is that if you are a person that is only interested in being a pilot, you must sign up for some other reasons (it might be aviation related, but not pilot) then once commissioned, then you can ask them to waive the rule and allow you to have vision correction surgery. 

Also, at the time it was explained to me, you needed to wait for 1 year after the procedure before being considered for an aviator position. This is logical as they want to see if the procedure was successful and healed properly.

If you're already in the Navy this is great, but if you want to join the Navy for the sole purpose of being an aviator, I would look very closely at the details, and get it in writing before you commit.