What are good books to learn basic aerodynamics in plane design?
Beginner


Fundamentals of Aerodynamics by John D. Anderson, Jr.
Introduces the basics of aerodynamics with historical background, the mathematical explanation and some practical applications. In the latest edition,  Computational Fluid Dynamics is also discussed. 
Mechanics Of Flight by Warren F. Phillips.
Anderson's book is a good text for understanding the building blocks of fluid dynamics, such as the different types of flow. It is good for understanding how airfoils and wings work, as well as understanding the microscopic flow considerations. Phillips' text also talks plenty about flight dynamics and control, so you can better picture the forces acting on an airplane.
Anderson's and Phillips' make a very good learning pack.


Intermediate

No books found as of yet

Advanced


Fluid Dynamic Lift &amp; Fluid Dynamic Drag both by Hoerner
I wouldn't consider these to be great "learning" textbooks, and the math can get very intensive at times, but these are still go-to reference text, and they are a great resource if you want to start a "deep dive" into aerodynamics and the practical effects of various design decisions. Both books are replete with wind-tunnel testing information and diagrams, as well as the supporting equations to back it all up.


Classics / Older


Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators by H. H. Hurt Jr.
This is a good primer on basic aerodynamics - as the title implies it's primarily aimed at naval aviators, but the material is pretty accessible and much of it is applicable to all fixed-wing aviation. There's even some helicopter stuff in there, though the section is rather thin.
This book is available from a number of publishers. It is also known as NAVAIR 00-80T-80 or NAVWEPS 00-80T-80 and available from the FAA in PDF form.




Additional references

As far as mathematics goes, you can get Stewart's Calculus text. It is a pretty good book with quite satisfactory explanations, and you can get an older edition for almost nothing (make sure you get the full text with both single variable calculus and multivariable calculus sections). Without a basic understanding of calculus it will be difficult for you to get a good grasp of the aerodynamics material.