Does a "climb and maintain" instruction override a "climb via the SID" one?
If the controller issues a "climb via" SID with an interim altitude of 8,000 and then subsequently amends the altitude and states:

"Climb via SID and maintain Flight Level 240" then the altitude crossing restriction to cross INLAND at or above 14,000 still applies.

However, if the controller does not use the words "Climb Via," and instead states:

Climb and maintain Flight Level 240" then the altitude crossing restriction to cross INLAND at or above 14,000 is cancelled.

The words "Climb Via" are essentially the same as "comply with all SID restrictions."  If a new altitude is issued without the "Climb Via" verbiage, then (unless the altitude crossing restrictions are restated) climb unrestricted to the new altitude is expected.

From FAA JO Order 7110.65W, para. 4-5-6 and 4-5-7 (Air Traffic Controller's handbook):


  6.
  When an aircraft has been issued an interim
  altitude  and  after  departure  ATC  can  subsequently
  clear the aircraft to climb to the original top altitude
  published  in  the  SID  instruct  aircraft  to  “climb  via
  SID.” When issuing a new altitude and compliance
  with  published  restrictions  is  still  required  instruct
  aircraft to 
  “climb via SID 
  except maintain (altitude).”
  
  PHRASEOLOGY
  −
  CLIMB VIA SID.
  CLIMB VIA SID except maintain (altitude).
  
  EXAMPLE
  −
  1. (An aircraft was issued the T
  eddd One departure, “climb
  via  SID”  in  the  IFR  departure  clearance.  An  interim
  altitude of 10,000 was issued instead of the published top
  altitude of FL 
  230; after departure ATC is able to issue the
  published top altitude): “Climb via SID.”
  NOTE
  −
  In Example 1, the air
  craft will track laterally and vertically
  on the Teddd One departure and initially climb to 10,000;
  Once  re-issued  the  “climb  via”  clearance  the  interim
  altitude is 
  cancelled aircraft
   will continue climb to FL230
  while complying with published restrictions.
  EXAMPLE
  −
  2. (Using Example 1, after departure ATC is able to issue
  an altitude higher than the published top altitude):  “Climb
  via SID except maintain flight level two six zero.”
  NOTE
  −
  In Example 2, the air
  craft will track laterally and vertically
  on the Teddd One departure and initially climb to 10,000;
  once issued “climb via” clearance to FL260 the aircraft
  will  continue  climb  while  complying  with  published
  restrictions.
  
  NOTE
  
  1.
  Considering the principle that the last ATC clearance
  issued has precedence over the previous, the phraseology
  “maintain  (altitude)”  alone  cancels  previously  issued
  altitude  restrictions,  including  SID/STAR  altitude
  restrictions  unless  they  are  restated  or  modified,  and
  authorizes  an  unrestricted  climb  or  descent.  Speed
  restrictions r
  emain in effect unless 
  the controller explicitly
  cancels the speed restrictions.
  2.
  Restate 
  “climb/descend via” and then use “except” or
  “except  maintain”  phraseology  to  modify  published
  restrictions  or  assign  a  new  top/bottom  altitude.  Use
  “resume” phraseology with “maintain” to rejoin a route
  and assign a new altitude 
  where 
  compliance with published
  altitude restrictions is not required.


[all preceding emphasis is mine]

Also see AIM para. 5-2-8.

Lastly, here is some good guidance regarding "Climb/Descend Via"
Climb/Descend Via FAQ