Do some aircraft now have "full aircraft" parachutes?
Yes, Ballistic Recovery Systems or Ballistic Parachutes (BRS) are now being implemented in newer aircraft where the manufacturer can provide them or where they are required by law. In Germany, Ultralights are required to have an installed BRS to be deemed airworthy.


  In Europe the sporting (FAI) definition limits the maximum take-off weight to 450 kg (992 lb) (472.5 kg (1,042 lb) if a ballistic parachute is installed) and a maximum stalling speed of 65 km/h (40 mph).


The general idea is to allow the airframe to glide down to the surface and being attached to the airframe, the time saving for pilots to otherwise have to jump out and open their own parachutes (if equipped) is substantial. 

The first parachutes were used by Comco in 1982:


  In 1982 Comco Ikarus developed the FRS rocket-launched parachute system for its ultralight and hanglider aircraft.2 In 1998 Cirrus Aircraft provided the first ballistic parachutes as standard equipment on their line of type certified aircraft, the Cirrus SR20.



(Image Source: WikiMedia Commons - Author: NASA)

Here is a Video of the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System in action:


(Image Source: YouTube - Author: AIRBOYD)



An entry on www.aviation-safety.net about the Cirrus parachute system:


  The aircraft experienced a deployment of the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS) over west Fayetteville, Arkansas. The airplane came to rest on a roadway shoulder sustaining substantial damage. There was 4 occupants on board, at least two people taken to the nearest hospital with minor injuries, according Police Department.
  The plane started having oil pressure issues immediately after take off.