What are the meanings of those SFO Taxiway Marking?
For 1, what is slightly harder to see is that the line which runs parallel with the taxiway is a double line. This denotes the taxiway edge and the thicker lines running perpendicular to the double lines shows which side of the taxiway edge isnt suitable taxiway. They are often coloured differently too, and in SFO case the unusable part of the ramp is green. 

The pink circles with black text are geographic position markings, and are used by the airports Surface Movement Guidance Control System (SMGCS) in low visibility.

The white numbers in blue squares are not are not mentioned in the FAA Standards for Airport Markings but I suspect thy might have something to do with the skybridges.