What does the FAA mean by "Make and Model" of aircraft?
TL;DR: The make of an aircraft is the name of the designer (for example, Boeing) and the model of an aircraft (also called the type) is the designation for the general design of the aircraft (for example, 737).  It looks like &quot;basic model&quot; is just an older term for &quot;model&quot;.
According to FAA Order 8000.71:

c. Aircraft Make. An aircraft make is the name assigned to the aircraft by the manufacturer when it was produced.  In most cases, the aircraft make is the organization common name of the aircraft manufacturer.  If the organization that holds rights to an aircraft design permits another organization to build that aircraft then the aircraft make would be the aircraft name assigned by the organization that holds rights to the aircraft design in most cases.  If an aircraft manufacturer is an amateur construction, then the aircraft make would be the name of the organization responsible for design in most cases.

and

c. Aircraft Model. An aircraft model is an aircraft manufacturer's designation for an aircraft grouping with similar design or style of structure.
(1) The aircraft model listed in the aircraft TC is the designation used by the aircraft manufacturer to distinguish a particular aircraft or is the designation used by a national military or armed force to distinguish a particular aircraft.
(2) If an aircraft manufacturer is amateur construction, then the aircraft model would be the name designated by the organization responsible for the design in most cases.

Also,

(7) Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 1.1 defines &quot;type&quot; and provides the basic classification for aircraft as follows:
&quot;(2) As used with respect to the certification of aircraft, means those aircraft which are similar in design.  Examples include: DC-7 and DC-7C; 1049G and 1049H; and F-27 and F-27F.&quot;
Examples: 777
DC-9
Note: Historical policy and documentation may refer to type as &quot;basic model.&quot;