What regulations or procedures address runway-taxiway interference for aircraft with large wingspan?
Yes this can and has happened with what is considered a "super-jumbo" like the A380 or the 747-8 (Aircraft Design Group VI aircraft). 

The FAA must issue waivers to airports to legally accept these types of aircraft due to spacing rules that are in place. A lot of larger airports built quite a few years ago didn't have the foresight to handle aircraft of this size, so special precautions have to be taken when handling those types of aircraft. For class VI aircraft, an airport must have taxiways that are 100' wide and runways that are 200' wide. Note though that an A380's wingspan is 262', so even on a 100' taxiway, the wings hang over 81' on either side.

Usually ground controllers get special training to handle the larger aircraft and maintain separation, but its even a problem for the ground crew before talking to ground control because there are quite a few notable incidents of aircraft being backed into other aircraft.

Here are some interesting reads:

Miami International A380 Preparations
Los Angeles LAX A380 Operational Plan