Could an arrow planform be better for a supersonic aircraft than a delta? Why?
The first thing to note is that these papers are from 2003 and 2013 respectively. Since then, they have not set the world on fire.

One concern over their quality arises when I recall that the "Warped NFL wing" is typical of the reflex-cambered supercritical wings first developed around the 1970s. If you check out the inner section of say the Airbus A380 (and I suspect any modern jetliner) you will see a certain amount of that technology incorporated. But laminar flow notoriously vanishes once you fly into a few bugs or some mechanic leaves an oily smear and, despite being touted back then and as far back as the late 1930s, it has only ever produced modest results on any flyable airplane.

Next, what about this braced wing concept. The linked source discusses it on Page 10:


"A possibly viable alternative configuration for the
conventionally sized long-haul CTOL transport mission is the strut-braced wing. Strut-bracing allows
thinner, smaller chord, lower sweep and higher aspect
ratio wings. The smaller chord, leading edge radius
and sweep have a favourable influence upon HLFC,
increasing the amount of wetted area laminarized and
reducing suction mass  ̄ow and roughness sensitivity as
well as increasing attachment line stability. Other
`strut-related’ benefits include large drag due to lift
reductions from the wing tip engines and greater span
enabled by the strut, as well as large wing weight
reductions. Circulation control, powered by the auxiliary power unit, could be utilized on a conventionally
sized tail to work the engine-out problem. All these
benefits produce very large increases in the lift±drag
ratio and range at cruise."


It also notes on Page 5 that:

"More unconventional supersonic applications of [laminar flow control], again by Dr Pfenninger, to a strut-braced high aspect ratio arrow wing configuration indicates phenomenal performance levels, L/D on the order of 15-20 versus the 9-11 typical of advanced conventional configurations (with LFC)."

Now I don't know about you, but when I read of a "phenomenal" 40% drag reduction sought 17 years ago but never realized, I smell a rat. I wonder what software modelling the researchers used - 2D or 3D? At sharp sweep angles it totally matters. Were they naive enough to assume flawless laminar surfaces maintained throughout a transcontinental flight? And engines at the tips of the wings, evidently in a kind of sesquiplane variant of the Busemann biplane? Oh, spare us the FAA's demand for directional stability combined with altitude maintenance and adequate range in the mid-Atlantic one-engine-out condition.

So I think you can see where this is going.