How does a pilot make sure they have received all applicable NOTAM's?
A quick lookup tool is PilotWeb.

The pilots may receive NOTAMS during flight briefing.  The best way to ensure that you are getting proper NOTAMS is to request all NOTAMS for the route of flight you have filed when you speak with the flight briefer.  The briefers are trained professionals, and they know what NOTAM information to provide to pilots, but it must be requested!

The FAA says this in regards to a standard briefing: 


  Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)
  
  (a) Available NOTAM (D) information pertinent to the proposed flight,
  including special use airspace (SUA) NOTAMs for restricted areas,
  aerial refueling, and night vision goggles (NVG).
  
  NOTE- Other SUA NOTAMs (D), such as military operations area (MOA),
  military training route (MTR), and warning area NOTAMs, are considered
  “upon request” briefing items as indicated in paragraph 7-1-4b10(a).
  
  (b) Prohibited Areas P-40, P-49, P-56, and the special flight rules
  area (SFRA) for Washington, DC.
  
  (c) FSS briefers do not provide FDC NOTAM information for special
  instrument approach procedures unless specifically asked. Pilots
  authorized by the FAA to use special instrument approach procedures
  must specifically request FDC NOTAM information for these procedures.
  
  NOTE- NOTAM information may be combined with current conditions when
  the briefer believes it is logical to do so.
  
  NOTE- NOTAM (D) information and FDC NOTAMs which have been published
  in the Notices to Airmen Publication are not included in pilot
  briefings unless a review of this publication is specifically
  requested by the pilot. For complete flight information you are urged
  to review the printed NOTAMs in the Notices to Airmen Publication and
  the A/FD in addition to obtaining a briefing.


If someone is performing a self-brief via 1800wxbrief.com, which is the best internet briefing site in my personal opinion (because it will tell you if you make a mistake rather than purge your flight plan without telling you), they can see NOTAMS invoked by relevance to their proposed flight path.

So to be sure you're getting everything, call 1-800-WXBRIEF via phone and file that way and request NOTAMS from the briefer.

One last thing that needs to be reiterated here:


  "This
  question
  talks about the many types [of NOTAMS]."


There are various classifications of NOTAMS, but for all intents and purposes in the civilian world, we have two types of NOTAMS; Distant-(D) and FDC.  That's it.

Civilians haven't had local NOTAMS in the US since 2008 when an advisory circular announced that they were being packaged into NOTAM-(D)s