Why can't Windows detect phones, even when the USB driver is installed?
Often you first have to install the driver and then connect the device. If you do it the other way around the driver will not be applied correctly. Delete the shown MTP entry and disconnect + reconnect your phone. Also run Windows update with enabled &quot;updates for all Microsoft products&quot;.
Regarding adb your new PC is unknown to the device (because the stored adb RSA key has been lost because of the new installation) and therefore it denies adb access (device unauthorized).
You first have to unlock the device (enter pin/password/pattern) and then accept the dialog that asks you if your device is allowed to connect via adb.
And that Odin works at the same time is because Odin uses different drivers. From the perspective of your computer you have 3 USB devices, one for MTP, one for adb and one for Odin. Check it out by selecting the MTP device and then changing the device manager &quot;View&quot; -&gt; &quot;Devices by connection&quot;.
You will see al the USB device endpoints from your device.