Is it possible to view detailed GSM information on my Android phone?
There is this app called Antennas. It can't do everything you have asked for. But it can show you the tower you are connected to, the signal level, and other towers from you carrier that your phone can see/connect to and their signal level.


  Map the GSM/CDMA antennas in your neighborhood. This app monitors the
  GSM/CDMA cellular network connection; displays a map of approximate
  cellular antenna locations and their RF signal strength; and can log
  the data to a text or KML file.
  
  Does not work on Verizon 3G &amp; CDMA Support is limited by Android, not by the application CDMA requires Eclair Works
  best with 2G GSM. 3G/CDMA support is very limited.