Use image file as camera
There are 3rd-party "fake camera" apps that will let you to choose an image instead, such as:


Image2Camera (free)
Fake Camera by New Horizon Apps (free)
Fake Camera - donate version by Vaclav Balak (paid)


Note that you need to have the image inside the (emulator) device storage first for these apps to be useful.

Also, since these apps are not really a camera app, opening the apps directly won't be really useful (other than, perhaps, to read the instruction for app usage). Instead, when you want to take a picture from an app, these apps will be selectable as "camera" app instead, then you can select the image on the device.

Disclaimer: I'm not affiliated with any of these apps.