Is there an Android phone without proprietary code?
Geeksphone started off with the premise of a completely open software and hardware stack.  So far they released two handsets, One and Zero.  Although both models are severely outdated specifications-wise compared to today's high-end models, the "Zero" model is quite comparable to current mid-range devices.

The company provides source code for the kernel and drivers of their "One" model on the web site.  I couldn't find the sources for the "Zero" model, but I'm sure they will if you reach out to them.