Cyanogenmod: Profile redundancy?
Profiles are just a way to change a bunch of settings at once. By long-pressing the power button and tapping ring/vibrate/silent (below airplane mode) you change a single setting however: The ringing behaviour.

The profiles work slightly different to what you expect.
You most probably forgot to enable some switches of the standard profile, most of them are on/off settings for which a profile has 3 actions:  


activate
deactivate
modify / do-not-modify


This is for example very handy for a car mode that you activate to just switch off a security lock screen (+ enable GPS and leave all else as is).

The standard profile has a lot of those unset do-not-modify checkboxes (the checkboxes to the right), so unless you check them the profile doesn't actually change those settings.

Tick the checkbox and try again!