How to check my phone hardware specs on Android terminal emulator
You can enter getprop to get info about device. Or, you can do cat /system/build.prop 

If you've root access then you can enter su and then  dumpsys | less to get the name of the services which can give more info about some specific things such as battery. See this answer to know more.

On a non-rooted device, you can do adb shell dumpsys | less provided that adb is running in wireless mode and your device is connected locally in loopback mode. See this answer for more info.