Heartbleed check for Android App
It will be hard to test something without a tester. Android doesn't ship with a Test-App for Heartbleed (or any other security hole, such as the Master Key Exploit discovered about a year ago), as this would somehow defeat the purpose: Such a check-app must know about the security hole and how to check for it, and thus requires knowledge about that. If that knowledge is there, instead of writing an app to check for the hole, the devs rather should decide to fix it in the first place – which would make that app obsolete :)

So if a 3rd party app is not acceptable for you, you're most likely out of luck. But in case you change your mind, you can find several security-checkers in this list. There's e.g. Heartbleed Security Scanner, which is pretty well rated (as of now, 4.6 stars with over 5,000 votes), and you can find it introduced in this AndroidPIT blog post.

Linked list category also holds some security suites covering multiple exploits and security risks, which might be a good choice to check if you're interested how it stands about security with your device.