Sync contacts and calendar from Outlook 2010 on my laptop with Android phone, avoid data in cloud?
You can easily turn of Google Sync for any Android phone.  Just go to Account Settings, Sync.  One problem is that whenever you get a new ROM, or Google does an update, these settings get turned back on.  So you need to check periodically.

There are a number of 3rd party sync products, with free trial periods.  Just give them a try.  You can find them online.  The best for security may be DejaOffice which has an encrypted mode to really lock down your data.