Is it possible to run ADB on multiple devices using Hyper-V?
See the USB access from guest in Hyper-V question on ServerFault — in short, Hyper-V does not provide any way to access host USB ports from guests. There are some workarounds — mostly “USB over Ethernet” solutions.

Another option which could work for some use cases is to enable Wireless ADB on the devices, and then access them via the network.