ADB Drivers: Installation and Use
There is always a lack of documentation because the drivers are device specific so you need to find documentation for your specific device. 

You can try using Universal ADB Driver, but the best solution is to install a companion app for your device, something like Kies for Samsung, as they usually install drivers alongside.

To know if ADB is installed - it's installed with Android Studio/Android SDK and you can type "adb devices" in command line and see will it return that the command is not found or will you get an actual response from adb.