How does an Android system application restart after you kill it on Rooted devices?
I couldn't comprehend this code much but the information about receivers seems to be kept only in memory (no index file in internal storage). You can use the following command to see which receiver is registered for which type of broadcast.

adb shell dumpsys package


As for disabling a particular receiver, try Elixir 2. You can go into its Applications section, choose your app and then scroll down to find the receivers (static). Next to them would be the option to disable that component. 

Another option is to use ReceiverStop Xposed module. Its free version allows disabling receivers for user-installed apps only.

As for command-line, if you know the name of the receiver/component, you could do:

adb shell su -c 'pm disable PKG/COMP'         # where PKG is package name of the app and COMP is the component you intend to disable.


That said, I did not test whether the said solutions work for dynamically registered receivers.