How can I view/transfer non-image files from my Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini to my computer?
First, when you say unidentifiable files what are you referring to? Second, PTP is only gonna display video based files(exactly the types you listed although .ogg is usually used for ring tones and such). Keep in mind that even though Android is a GNU based operating system, it may sometimes require a few tweeks in the terminal along with ADB to get it functioning properly with your device, hence the computer folders appearing empty.