Audio players read "Chromatics" as "The Chromatics" from ID3v2 MP3 tags
I've found the problem; I had just one track by this artist in another album, and it was tagged "The Chromatics". "Chromatics" and "The Chromatics" were probably (rightfully) considered as the same artist, but Android didn't pick the right one out of the two to display. I've edited this track's artist tag and now every track by this artist appears correctly tagged.