Can a charger not 100% compliant to the USB specification damage my Andoid phone?
In most cases your phone will only draw as much power as it needs, and it's OK that the charger can provide more.  However, unless you know that your phone will do this and has other power management safety features, I wouldn't use the charger myself.  I've never had a phone ruined, but I have had batteries ruined by non-official chargers (including one charger that claimed to meet the specifications for my phone).