Can my Droid MAXX NOT delete everything if someone enters in the wrong password 10 times?
There's no such thing built-in to Android currently. However, you might wish to take a look at AutoErase:


  
  When the number of failed unlock attempts reaches the limit that you specified, AutoErase will reset the device to factory default and erase all user data.
  When the unlock attempts fail, messages warning that the device will be erased after certain number of unsuccessful attempts, will be displayed on the lock screen at the timing of your choice.
  


A pure factory-reset is nothing super-secure, as with some knowledge and the right tools content can be recovered – but certainly enough "so that no random kid at school can access my email" (as it's unlikely that random kid has the required knowledge and tools at hand when at school).

A comparable tool would be Wiper, in case AutoErase doesn't fit your needs.