how do I get most of my standard linux utilities and commands on Android 3.1?
BusyBox for rooted devices gives many of Linux's standard utilities.

In terms of a real Linux distro, there are tons of How-Tos found on the web with a simple Google search.  Specifically, here is a step-by-step guide from XDA-Developers forum on building a Debian image for, and installing it on, the Galaxy Tab 10.1 tablet.