Does the operating system matter when syncing?
Android doesn't natively use any software to sync or perform syncs with your computer.  It syncs with your Google Account services in the cloud.  You can sync certain things with your computer in different ways and it all depends on what and how you are trying to sync, but generally, Linux machines work just fine with Android.

If you want more detailed answers try being more specific about what you want to do (sync your contacts with Thunderbird, or sync you music...).