How to configure smartphone/tablet to have no data connection?
Airplane mode should do what you want.  If you want to turn off just the mobile or just the wifi, you can do that in CyanogenMod anyway from the pull-down notification-- just click on the wifi icon to turn wifi off, or the mobile icon (usually labeled with your carrier) to turn mobile functions off too.  You can always pull your SIMcard to be absolutely sure you're not using your mobile network.  If by the way, you want to use mast-based positioning/triangulation without using your mobile connection-- that may be a bit more difficult.  Try using an app like llama which I believe uses cell towers signal strength to triangulate your position.