What does it mean for a corrupted photo to appear on my album?
I have faced this issue too and in my case i have transferred pictures from another device to my device and Sharing Tool (sharing app) was buggy and it corrupted some files.

So make sure if you transferred from another device.

Or

It could be possible if you have 'Auto Backup' enabled in any cloud storage. It also makes my image looks like yours and what i did uninstalled that app but images that are affected still not recovered.