How to check if my phone components are what they should be (is Dual-core 1 GHz Cortex-A9 equal to ARMv7 Processor rev 3)?
According to Wikipedia,

The ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore is a 32-bit multicore processor providing up to 4 cache-coherent Cortex-A9 cores, each implementing the ARM v7 instruction set architecture.

(Emphasis mine)
Also, from the same article,

Chips
Several system on a chip (SoC) devices implement the Cortex-A9 core, including:

...
Texas Instruments OMAP4 processors (TI OMAP 4430)
...


And with help from eldarerathis's comment

The RAM difference is because apps will only report RAM that is available to userspace processes.

(the detail can be read on that post)