Does the latest Android release is secure against the ADB vulnerabiliy?
Sorry but it seems Kevin Beaumont from Microsoft has no clue what he is talking about. Mythbusters would proof him wrong..

It is completely unauthenticated, meaning anybody can connect to a device

That is simply not true. Even on rooted android TV boxes (where the adb miner supposed to run) one still must have access to home network (which is not possible through NAT/Firewall)
Furthermore it requires at least one initial authorization of the RSA-Key from the host which is trying to connect - user must explicitly confirm this on tv screen with remote control (android tv box)
the analysis is based on open port scan where ~ 5000 devices in asia found open port 5555. But just open port means nothing. At least, according Hui Wang these adb miner did not succeed at all

Till now, zero coins have been paid, as can be seen in below