Is there a way to detect that SMS text messages have been deleted, or is there a text message deletion history?
I heard a while back that all of the text messages you send get kept on your SIM card. I just did some quick research and I guess it is true:


http://www.pimall.com/nais/phonefilepro.html
http://hiddencameragear.com/cellphone-sim-card-file-retriever-recover-calls-texts-history-and-more


These devices will allow you to see the contents of the text messages and also the sender and receiver. If you are looking for a way to do it through your Android device, then it would be a lot more work. You would have to try to do a data recovery on your hard drive (which is a lot of messing around). Even if you did do a data recovery, the chances of you getting any of your text messages back are slim, and if you have encryption enabled forget it.