Why is my Galaxy S4 still not appearing as a device in Mac OS X
Answer: I was using the cable that Samsung provided with the phone

Solution: Go get a USB&lt;>MiniUSB cable that was provided with a digital SLR a few years back and use that instead. The S4 now appears in the adb output and in Kies just fine.

&lt;sarcasm&gt;Thankyou Samsung&lt;/sarcasm&gt;