Is it possible to restore the data of Microsoft authenticator from a TWRP backup?
With much thanks to @Robert and especially @Firelord I was able to resolve my problem, and with relative ease.
Below contains all of the steps I had to take to recover the necessary information I required from the Microsoft Authenticator folder.
Pre-requirement steps:

I had to have access to my entire TWRP backup, with all of the data partition files (I transferred my TWRP backup from my SD card to my PC to be able to access it with conveniency/effiency)



Then I had to change all of the data partition file extensions to .tar (The easiest way to do this was to just rename the files, and add .tar at the end)


Microsoft Authenticator Recovery Steps:

Next, I had to look through all of the &quot;.tar&quot;(s) and find the one that had the _\data\data\ directory, from there, I found the com.azure.authenticator folder



I opened the com.azure.authenticator folder, and then found and opened the databases folder



Then I looked for the PhoneFactor database file which contained all OTP related information for Microsoft Authenticator (I made sure it's not the cached verison -&gt; I was able to tell which was the cached version by comparing the two PhoneFactor files and determining which is bigger, the bigger one is the &quot;actual&quot; file --- It seems all of the &quot;cached&quot; files have a size of 72 bytes)



I extracted the PhoneFactor file to an accessible location -&gt; downloaded a SQLite Viewer application (I chose DB Browser for SQLite) -&gt; I proceeded to open the PhoneFactor file with the SQLite viewer

Then I clicked the Browse Data button (The highlighted red boxes on the left side of the image are solely to indicate what I was looking for, which is all of the OTP information - On the right side, the highlighted red box is meant to display where you have to click to actually get the information)


You should now see all the information related to your Microsoft Authenticator app, including all of your OTPs and the names you assigned to them, the usernames you set to them, and most importantly, their oath_secret_key(s)

Now, you can either manually type in the oath_secret_key(s) alongside their name(s)/username(s) into Microsoft Authenticator, or any other 2-factor-authentication app you prefer


Boom, you have now successfully recovered the OTP information from Microsoft Authenticator