how to sync phone memory with pc?
The easiest way probably is to turn the mechanism around: instead of letting Windows do the sync, let the Android device take care. From there, you should have full access at least to your SDCard (internal as well as external). So all that's needed is a possibility for the Android device to access your Windows PC.


On your Windows PC, create a "share" (i.e. share a directory to the network)
On your Android device, install an app like e.g. FolderSync
in FolderSync, setup at least one account (in your case, an SMB account pointing to your Windows machine) (thanks to arberg for pointing out this missing step!)
In FolderSync, configure your "folder pairs": which directory on your Android device should get synchronized with which directory on the Windows share.


You can sync manually, or in time intervals. You even can restrict it to WiFi, so it wouldn't eat your data plan (I'm not sure wether you can restrict it to a specific WiFi network, so it would e.g. only sync at home -- but that's possible to do as well at least with some similar sync app).