Location of Chrome user data (Specifically session data)
App data usually go below /data/data/&lt;package_name&gt; (in case of Chrome: /data/data/com.android.chrome). But those directories are only accessible by the app itself, and by the system/root – so unless your device is rooted, you won't have much luck checking there.

Concerning the file-system hierarchy, you might wish to first consult the file-system tag-wiki, and then follow up to Android Folder Hiearchy.