How to limit the synchronized contacts to "My Contacts" on a Galaxy Note?
After having tried anything I could think of and all the solutions in various group the only one which works was to use Bluetooth File Transfer to forcefully transfer the contacts I wanted to have on my car system.

This is not an optimal solution as 


the contacts are just transferred, not synchronized
new contacts on my phone need to be transferred manually


but at least this gives me something similar to what I had with an iPhone, out of the box (all contacts transferred and synchronized, as expected)