How to reinstall corrupted Android applications with ease?
The easiest way to install the missing apps would probably to go to the Play Store on a PC and queue them up for install on the device. 

You will still have to look on the device and see which ones you need to reinstall; there isn't a way to simplify that process. Looking at them the way you are, for the ones that have the "default icon" and the SD card is probably the easiest way to identify them. The "non-friendly" name that you see can be used to search in the Google Play Store and you will be able to find the app from that. 

Or you can append it to the end of the "details" URL like this:

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.biggu.shopsavvy


That will take you directly to the shop savvy app, then you can install it to the device.