Phone Factory Reset without carrier apps
No, it is not possible to skip the "Installing Applications" screen.

However, you can disable these applications in Settings. If you have root access you can also uninstall them completely.

You can also change the firmware to a non carrier one with Odin. Be careful, because this can brick your device if not done correctly.

Firmwares can be downloaded on Sammobile. (An official firmware will not void warranty)