App install failed but files are still filling up the phone
Answer from the comments, as OP/answerer disappeared:

Browsing the device from a connected computer, those files could be found and deleted.



Unfortunately, Rick missed to say where he found them. So I include some clues where they might have been, together with some reason. These items include places to look for left-overs following even a successfull uninstall:


/data/local: That's where Google Play downloads .apk files to before installing them. As this directory also is accessible "publically", this is the most likely place for the OP's case.
/data/data/&lt;package_name&gt;: unlikely, as it requires root for the user being able to access it – but that would have been the place the app would be installed in
&lt;sdcard&gt;/Android/data/&lt;package_name&gt;: another candidate, again unlikely: while publically accessible, data here are usually placed by the app itself. Not being successfully installed, and neither turning up in the app drawer, the user couldn't start the app – so it couldn't place stuff here.
&lt;sdcard&gt;/&lt;some directory&gt;: same as previous point. Some apps place stuff in different places, which then does not get cleaned-up automatically on uninstall.