What's infected my Android device, and how do I remove it?
I'm assuming this only happens in chrome and not any other browser or device. If it does happen on another device then the problem would be that a virus hijacked your router(on WiFi) and changed the DNS settings. Solution logon to your router and change the DNS settings to be automatically picked from your ISP. 

You could


Head to settings and disable Javascript. Which disables the redirect link from functioning as long as Javascript is off but is quite hectic since genuine websites will most likely require Javascript  to function.
Check your DNS settings and ensure that it's either set to automatically pick DNS settings from ISP or on a DNS server you know of such as googles DNS servers(8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4)
Root your phone and install Ad Blocker This would prevent the popup links from generating.