2-Step Verification code not automatically detected on Android
I found a partial solution to my question:

I was unable to use the 2-step verification using SMS message. I went to my google account settings and changed to Voice Call instead of SMS

Instructions:


Go to https://myaccount.google.com/ (make sure it's logged in to your desired account)
Select "Sign-in and security"
Edit the 2-Step Verification (pencil symbol)
Click on "Text message" in "Codes sent via:   Text message"
Change to "Voice Call"
Save


Then try signing in to the app again. This time it'll ask for you to enter the code manually which should arrive after a few seconds (or minutes) via a phone call. You can then change the settings back to "Text message (SMS)" if you like.

Hope this helps others.