Can virus carry over from one Android device to another via Google account?
I think there is only one way to carry over malware/spyware app(s) from one phone to another with Google account:


You downloaded some infected app from the Play Store what you backed
up to Google and when you sign in to your account on the new device
its automatically restore your backups (include the malware/spyware
app(s)) to your phone.


I suggest make a clean apps install (don't restore Google's backup) and try to avoid questionable apps (Do not use/download apps with low download counts and/or bad user reviews).

If this solution won't help it's possible that not your Google Backup or Account is the source of your problem.