Can I freeze bread dough after the first rising?
Yes, you absolutely can - this is the common way to freeze dough, actually.  It's better to freeze after the first rise.  Often the second rise will be done in the refrigerator along with thawing; and most of the recipes I've seen skip a third rise (so you freeze the dough shaped, and you're rising in shaped form alongside thawing plus a warming stage while you preheat the oven).

See for example this guide to freezing different doughs; or King Arthur Flour's article on the subject.