What's the origin of the name of the "Chinese Cookie" found in Jewish deli's in the US?
The recipe for Jewish Deli "Chinese Cookies" seems awfully similar to the recipe for Chinese almond biscuits, except that the lard is replaced with shortening (to keep it Kosher) and chocolate is added.  A recipe for Chinese almond biscuits was printed as a "standard Chinese cookie" in The Thousand Recipe Chinese Cookbook as early as 1984, and this exact same recipe was reprinted in From Lokshen to Lo Mein: The Jewish Love Affair with Chinese Food.  Given that love affair with Chinese food, I am guessing that at some point in time a cook at a deli decided to recreate the beloved Chinese recipe, either due to his or her own love of the baked good or by request.

I know a Jewish guy who owned and operated a Chinese restaurant in the 1970s (staffed with Cantonese cooks), so the intercultural culinary collaboration is a definite possibility.  (Almond biscuits are very popular in Hong Kong, which is the epicenter of Cantonese cuisine.)  A Glatt Kosher Israeli-style restaurant close to where I used to work recently converted to a Glatt Kosher Chinese-style restaurant (under the same management, and likely with the same cooks)!

Edit (more speculation): If the "Chinese cookie" is in fact a descendant of the almond biscuit, it may have been originally motivated by its almond content: It wouldn't be hard to replace the small amount of wheat flour in the recipe with something like almond flour, thus making the cookies Kosher for Passover.

Edit (even more speculation): About 95% of the ethnic Chinese are lactose intolerant.  Therefore, almost all Chinese confections are dairy-free.  If you think about it, there aren't many Western cookie recipes that don't call for some form of dairy.  The laws of kashrut prohibit eating meat alongside dairy in a single meal.  In other words, if someone who keeps kosher were to eat a meal with meat, he or she would then have to follow it with a non-dairy desert.  Therefore, Jewish delis may have adapted a Chinese cookie recipe to provide non-dairy desert options for their kosher clientele.