Storing bread dough before baking
You can absolutely do that and in fact it will enhance the flavors of the baked bread and it is a recommended approach. 

The yeast activity is reduced in colder environments, so, your dough will not rise too much after cooling some time. However, it's best to de-gas your dough and let it rise in the fridge (although not as much as doubling) again until you decide to bake it.