Why didn't the toppings on my pizza stick to the dough?
Probably, you spreaded too much sauce on your pizza base; that is why melted cheese could not get onto the base. 

You might make that pizza in a hasty. So, you put your uncooked pizza in an overheated oven. 

You need to select the mozzarella cheese which can work as like as glue stick used in heat-gun. I believe you can make your pizza perfectly after 2/3 more trial and error.