Is there a "color wheel" for spices
You are not the first to wonder about that and yes, there are “color wheels” approaches, two books for example are 


The Science of Spice: Understand Flavour Connections and Revolutionize your Cooking by Dr. Stuart Farrimond
The Flavour Thesaurus by Niki Segnit


Not necessarily an endorsement of these specific books (there are more with a similar concept, some discussing spices, other flavors in general), but those two should get you started in the right direction - or at least give you an idea.