Marinated Chicken without Grill
I'd say the difference between frying or even using a griddle pan is that compared to a grill [US] barbecue [UK] that the latter generates more heat all round the food as it's cooking, as opposed to mainly the portion touching the surface of the pan.

With that in mind, some possible solutions…


Fry then oven - would give you the surface texture plus enough time to cook the inside. [Oven then fry might work too, though the surface would then be more difficult to fry evenly].
Butterfly the chicken before marinating, or even just slice in half - half the thickness, quicker to cook to the centre, with double the crispy surface &amp; more marinade on it. Stronger flavour &amp; a change in the proportion of textures, but you may like it that way.
Broil [US] grill [UK] with a more controlled temperature. You could achieve a similar, though not identical result compared to the default grill/barbecue method. You can decrease cooking time slightly by using metal skewers through the centre, like a kebab.