Is clouding of lime added water a sign of spoilage?
pectin and other molecules are in the fresh juice.  they clump and cloud the liquid.  it's normal 

refrigerated, up to a few days, as long as it smells good, it is good.

that ratio of juice to water just won't give bad microbes enough to work with to hurt you badly

if you don't like the smell or taste, toss it! 

there's good information on how to clarify fruit juices here https://www.foodandwine.com/fwx/drop-your-muddler-heres-how-and-why-clarify-your-fruit-juice