EEPROM put and get not working on ESP8266 (NodeMCU)
The ESP8266 doesn't have any EEPROM. Instead it emulates it using Flash. 

In order not to wear out your flash you have to "commit" changes to the flash once they have been queued for writing - otherwise they will be lost.

Instead of using the Arduino examples you should be using the ESP8266 specific examples included with the ESP8266 EEPROM emulation library (but also here).