Is it possible to upload previously compiled binary?
Yes!
Its possible that you can upload a previously complied binary, using 

AVRDUDE - a command line utility which is actually used to upload binaries, behind the arduino IDE.

You can find AVRDUDE in
Arduino folder > hardware  > tools > avr > bin 

This some documentation for AVRDUDE
http://www.nongnu.org/avrdude/user-manual/avrdude.html

else simplest thing you can do is turn on verbose output during upload and watch for a command in the end with AVRDUDE in it along with the path of hex file, just copy paste &amp;  run the same command in CommandLine; your task is accomplished.