How much power can a proto board handle?
No, it's not practical do to that with protoboard of any form.

There are two reasons for this:


Barrel jacks are not rated for 10A - I think the most powerful I have seen is 3A.
To handle 10A over (for example) 6 inches of track you would require tracks roughly 8mm wide at 1oz copper. No protoboard provides such tracks.


Even if you're only using half the capacity of your power supply (5A) you still exceed a barrel jack, and would need traces about 3mm wide.