How to connnect Arduino to Wemos D1 (send data)?
A) Throw out the Arduino, and just connect your display and sensor to the WeMos directly.   
B) Connect the Arduino to the WeMos using UART, SPI or I²C and send the temperature value to the WeMos. Keep in mind that the Arduino UNO is a 5V device, and the maximum voltage for the ESP8266 is 3.3V, so you'll need a level shifter.
You can send the temperature as a binary value (beware of framing errors), but the easiest way is to use a text-based protocol. Since you just have to send a single value, you can just use a single delimiter (e.g. new line). That makes it very easy to parse.