How to connect naked camera from mobile phone to Arduino Uno
You need either a memory extension for your UNO - projects like Arducam did this way back 2016 and then used an OV2640 module. If you want to develop something yourself these are the steps (hurdles) to take:


Get a datasheet of the camera 
Design a circuit including 


plug for Camera and a 
memory module (min 512Kb) 

Attach it to the UNO 
Write a library/function module (see datasheet for details) and 
bring it to life


My tip save ca. two years of your life and get for 6-8$ an ESP32cam
This will cost you enough of your time, but be much more rewarding