connection between Arduino Uno with nRF24L01 and notebook with wireless card
Absolutely no. Can you connect your bluetooth headset to the wireless router? No because even if they share the same band they "speak" different protocols. So why could you do that with the nRF24L01?

If you want to communicate with your PC you have three options:


Choose nRF24L01. In this case, since the PC does not have that device, you will need to make an adapter (the easiest one could be an USB adapter). You can connect a microcontroller to a USB to serial converter and to the nRF24L01 and use it as a bridge.
Choose Wifi. Then you'll need a new transceiver for the arduino UNO you are using (maybe the ESP8266, which is around 2$) but can be a bit more complicated for just sharing data (I never used it, though, so I can be wrong).
Choose bluetooth. Usually this is my preferred way to communicate with a board. Cheap (the HC-06 module is about 2-3 $) and easy to use (the interface is a plain serial).


Good luck ;)