Laser tripwire and LDR
Can I send any kind of signal to my phone with Bluetooth?

You have an HC-06, which is a bluetooth Serial (UART) bridge. Thus the bluetooth device exposes the profile for a serial terminal. You can only transmit serial data. It doesn't work for HID input to the smatphone or audio. The Bluecontrol app seems to use serial. So that is not a problem.
To get the communication to work, you need to pair the HC-06 with your phone. The actual connection is then established by the app. It will send serial data to the HC-06, which will output it on its TX pin. Serial communication on its RX pin will be transmitted back to the app.
You need to test, for which baudrate the HC-06 is configured. For that write a test sketch, you use an extra serial interface (either another hardware interface or SoftwareSerial) for the HC-06 and send every byte, that you receive from it, to your PC, so that you can see, what the Arduino receives. Try different standard baudrates (like those, which are listed in the serial monitor), until you find the one, which gives you the correct output.
When that works, you can write your sketch to read the commands from the HC-06 serial interface and act accordingly. How exactly that works depends on the data, that the app is sending. Most likely is sends ASCII encoded text, each message terminated by a newline character \n. In that case you could read the data into a buffer byte by byte, when they arrive. When you read a newline character, you know, that you received a full message. Then you can process it and act accordingly.