Calling a localhost php script from arduino
You can program the ESP-01 module using the arduino IDE. There are instructions in the README here: https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino
You can program the ESP-01 to connect to WiFi and communicate with your arduino sketch using the serial port. Don't forget the ESP-01 runs at 3.3V while the arduino runs at 5V. You'll need to shift the voltages somehow, otherwise you'll burn the arduino uno.
Here's an example of code you can run on the ESP-01 to connect to WiFi and start a TCP connection: https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/master/libraries/ESP8266WiFi/examples/WiFiClient/WiFiClient.ino
All that's missing is making an HTTP request instead of a &quot;raw&quot; TCP connection. You can probably find that in the examples. Then, add code for serial communication back to your arduino uno.
Good luck!