How to attach interrupts to Arduino UNO timers?
For the UNO, use Timer1.

An example of the way you can use it is as follows:

Download the TimerOne library: https://code.google.com/p/arduino-timerone/downloads/list

/*
 *  Timer1 library example
 */

#include "TimerOne.h"

void setup()
{
  pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
  Timer1.initialize(500000);         // initialize timer1, and set a 1/2 second period
  Timer1.pwm(9, 512);                // setup pwm on pin 9, 50% duty cycle
  Timer1.attachInterrupt(callback);  // attaches callback() as a timer overflow interrupt
}

void callback()
{
  digitalWrite(10, digitalRead(10) ^ 1);
}

void loop()
{
  // your program here...
}