Data Report Which Technology
You can actually find all the information for what you want to do on the formal Arduino.cc website. They suggest a GSM shield:



But of course you can find many other GSM shields for purchase. Most of them works the same. Arduino.cc also offer a nice GSM Library, with which you can perform HTTP GET/POST queries to a remote webserver (visible over the web).

You can select whatever web server technology you prefer for receiving the data. Using NodeJS, PHP, MVC.NET or any other, you could expose a REST API to perform the update from the Arduino+GSM Shield side using HTTP. 

The web server then could analyze the incoming data and display it in any way you like.