Using MULTIPLE shields on Arduino Uno R3
You will have to consult a source like this one: http://shieldlist.org
There are no simple rules for which pin conflicts are OK and which ones are not, it all depends on the concrete protocol (i.e. I2C is designed for all bus participants to share lines, while in SPI, each participant needs their own select line, while the other lines are shared).

In your concrete case, both shields you want to use are addressed by SPI, which means D13 (SCK) and D12 (MISO) are shared between the shields by design, while they MUST have different slave select pins. In your case, the SS pin for the microSD shield is fixed as D8, while the one for the KTA shield seems to be selectable, so either D9 or D10 should be OK.

Peripherals generally don't have facilities to become an SPI master, so all data has to be transferred through the Arduino.