Measuring power consumption on Arduino off of DC supply
What I am wondering is whether there exists an elegant solution for this, with (highly) accurate results (I would most likely quote the power values, so accuracy is a must for me)? Something I can dynamically measure on the Uno itself?


The Uno cannot measure its own power consumption. Indeed, a Uno which has a voltage regulator, power LED, and USB interface chip is not your ideal solution for low-power applications.

See Power saving techniques for microprocessors