Custom ISR triggering function/value
No. Interrupts are hardware. You cannot "create" interrupts in software.

The closes there is to what you are after is the Analog Comparator (see section 27 of the datasheet).

The analog comparator allows you to trigger an interrupt if a voltage is above (or below) a reference voltage which is up to you to provide.

For anything more complex you would need to use external comparators to trigger on different voltage levels which then trigger external INT pins on the ATMega.