share enum between python and arduino
One approach that I have used for similar purposes is to generate the appropriate header files (or module or whatever) from a simple text file for all the required uses.
Since you already know python this should be pretty easy. Quick &quot;proof of concept&quot; follows. (Warning: I barely know any python.)
One downside to this is that you have to remember to regenerate the header/module each time you update the enum (keys or values) - don't forget to recompile for the C++ part. If you have a build system, it is best to integrate that code generation step into it.
A variation of this is to parse one of the language's source code to extract the definition and output it in a format suitable for the other. That is generally much harder to do though if you want to make it robust.

robot.enum
UP    1
DOWN  2
LEFT  3
RIGHT 4
JUMP  5

enum_generator.py
def python_enum(filename):
    with open(filename, 'w') as w:
        w.write('class Robot(Enum):\n')
        with open('robot.enum') as r:
            for line in r:
                parts = line.split()
                w.write(f'    {parts[0]} = {parts[1]}\n')

def cplusplus_enum(filename):
    with open(filename, 'w') as w:
        w.write('#pragma once\n')
        w.write('enum Robot: int {\n')
        with open('robot.enum') as f:
            for line in f:
                parts = line.split()
                w.write(f'  {parts[0]} = {parts[1]},\n')
        w.write('};');

python_enum('robot_enum.py')
cplusplus_enum('robot_enum.h')