Using arduino Due for camera control
So a quick feasability assessment:

2592 W * 1944 H * 10 bit = 50388480 bits

50388480 bits / 8 bit data bus = 6298560 packets

84000000 clocks per second / 6298560 packets = ~13 clock cycles per packet

I think that by itself, from a purely data perspective, without looking too deep into datasheets, you could feasibly read data from a port and push it out the USB port, and clock the data in less than 13 cycles. But what this means is you'd have to get into the nitty gritty of the processor and figure out how to do that as low level as possible because DigitalRead() and Serial.print() aren't going to cut it as they won't be fast enough.

The real challenge is that the above totally depends on being able to clock the data from the sensor yourself, which if I recall correctly, these sensors can actually be pretty picky about their clock.

I would highly recommend a FIFO, that way the sensor data can be clocked to it as fast as it wants to be clocked, and then you could read from the FIFO at your own pace as it will clock data out at exactly the rate you want it. Also 1 FPS is a pretty lofty goal if you are only a beginner. Like I said, it is probably possible, but it requires a lot of optimizations and planning that are not very straightforward to implement, especially if you are just starting out.