Issues with connecting to an Adafruit FLORA board
Seems like whatever code was running on the Flora was corrupted. As soon as I hit the reset button, the board would momentarily pop up in the Arduino IDE, and after doing this a few times, I managed to upload the "Blink" sketch while the board was visible to my system. After that the board started working normally. It reports its name as "Adafruit FLORA" under "get board info", and the serial monitor/onboard LED work just fine.