Why have resistor at end of circuit cycle if GND dissipates final energy?
Roman, As I understand your question you have a resistor, an LED and a switch in "series". It makes no difference in which order these are connected. It may help to think like water flowing through a hose, with a tap being a switch - it can be at either end.

"Current" flows through each in turn. As others have mentioned current conventionally is considered to flow from + to - (even though in most, but not all, cases electrons flow from - to +).

In practical circuits it is usually more convenient to select one configuration over another. An Arduino digital pin can be considered as a switch which is either connected to + or -. You could connect a LED (with a current limiting resistor) to either + or -, either is valid it just changes the logic controlling the switch.