Can I run a loop in setup()
In principle yes, you can use a loop in setup() however this specific code 

for (int i = 0; i &gt;= 10; i++) {
  Serial.println(i);
  Serial.println("Pong");
}


will result in the body of the loop never executing, as the loop test i &gt;= 10 is initially false.

You probably meant i &lt;= 10

Generally speaking, it would be poor program structure to use a loop in setup() in place of one in loop(), however if you need a loop to apply similar operations to a range of things, or to briefly busy wait on a condition as part of setting up operation, that kind of thing could be appropriate.