What happens if I connect an external power supply, plus to GND and minus to VIN?
Some systems have protection against people connecting things in reverse.
Some don't.

On unprotected systems you MAY destroy the powered system and/or you MAY destroy the power supply - both these depend on happenstance, system design and luck.  

Possibly worse - you may damage the target system in an inobvious way so that it subsequently behaves incorrectly or damages other equipment.

Systems which are designed to be protected may not be protected in all cases. eg if you have a "shield" connected that accesses the Vin pin outside the protection diode the reverse polarity voltage may damage the shield AND current may travel via the shield circuitry back into the Arduino via other connections.



Advice on You tube may just sometimes very very occasionally be wrong. Or more often.

If this "Reference Schematic"  is correct (as you'd hope it was) then Vin is connected to the "inside" of protection diode D1 - so D1 does not protect against reversed polarity. See lines and boxes in red.
Larger version of diagram here

D1 does protect against reversed polarity on "PWRIN".
How PWRIN relates to shield feeding I know not.