Arduino Video Feed (Building Zumo Robot)
As Duncan wrote in the comments, an Arduino is way not up for the task of handling video (even still images can be a problem due to memory.

So you need to go with a small single board computer, like the Raspberry Pi Zero, that can be seen on one of your images. It has a Mini HDMI output, where you can connect a display. I don't know, if there already is software on the Arduino and Pi, because I don't know this robot. You have to make sure, that this software doesn't conflict with the software, that you would write.

How to connect 2 displays is more tricky. The Zero is not capable of running 2 displays independendly. If the displays should show the same, I think there are Y-cables for HDMI. If only one display has to show something at a time, you could use a HDMI switch (and you can even hack that, to trigger it from the Zero or Arduino). If you really need both displays independently and simultaneously you need to either use a Raspberry Pi 4 (which supports 2 displays via its 2 Micro HDMI outputs) or add another Raspberry Pi Zero.

The video then is of course not read from the Adafruit SD breakout board, but from the Pi's SD card. Even if the Arduino was fast enough for video, these breakoutboards are using SPI to connect to the SD card, which is inherently slow. If used in a computer the SD card is connected via a parallel interface.


  How to learn any other programming for the Arduino 


There are tons of tutorials and courses online, so you just need to google. We can only help with specific problems here. And the video part will be on the Pi, so no Arduino question. You might want to learn Python to code on the Pi.