Can a DC motor use more current than its datasheet?
YES (typically resulting in melting the coils). The current used by standard or brushless motors is related to the voltage applied and the load applied. As you approach the load limit, current rises over the limit. There are many ways to control this but controlling the load is the easiest way. DO NOT run the motor through the Arduino even if you think it will be under the 200mA limit. Motors produce a lot of spikes and back-flow. 

Here's a tutorial on safely running a motor and controlling the speed: https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-arduino-lesson-13-dc-motors/overview