Is I2C a good option for transmitting data over 200 meters by cable?
With I2C, you're unlikely to get reliable communication on a cable longer than 1m. For your reference, here's a table showing what you can achieve with regular RS-232:

Length (m)  Maximum Baud Rate
1600        600
800         1200
400         2400
200         4800
100         9600
50          19,200
25          38,400
16          57,600
8           115,200


So, if you don't really need 100 kHz data rate, you could use regular RS-232 (which is cheap). If RS-232 is not fast enough for you, consider more complex solutions. RS-485 is one possiblility. Another one is CAN, which supports topologies up to 500m at 100kHz. The key difference of CAN is that it's a bus, meaning that all devices will share the same pair of wires.