1 Wire temperature sensor
This probe has the Dallas (now Maxim) DS18b20 sensor in it so you're already on the right track. Search for DS18b20 at arduino.cc. You'll find libraries and lots of forum discussions about using these sensors.
Also see page 6 of the DS18b20 datasheet; there are two schematics for wiring the device.

I'm using the parasitic mode (Figure 4 on that page) except I eliminated the transistor switch and connected the MCU pin for the strong-pullup directly to the one-wire bus.