status whether the switch is connected to arduino or not?
The simplest way, as @jsotola has said, is to put a resistor across the terminals of the SPST push-button and read the voltage using an ADC input of the MCU.
However, the resistor needs to be bonded to the push-button (or inside the push-button housing) to ensure that when, for example, a vandal rips the push-button out of your switchboard, the resistor is certain to go with it so that the MCU can tell the difference between HIGH, LOW, and MISSING as @EdgarBonet pointed out. You also need to consider the continuous current draw of the extra resistor for low power/battery devices. You could increase the resistor values, but that tends towards weak pullup/pulldown. If you increase the value of only the extra resistor, it shifts the output voltage closer to the rail voltage reducing the margin for error.

Figure 1 – SPST Push-Button AWOL Detector.
Perhaps a better, but more expensive way, is to use a SPDT push-button. This push-button requires no modification, but is more expensive than a SPDT push-button and requires an extra wire and resistor. This circuit draws less continuous current and has stronger pullup/pulldown.

Figure 2 – SPDT Push-Button AWOL Detector.