How do I send data to an Arduino via light flashes
I can't yet make a comment, too much a newbie yet, so am submitting this as an answer.

I have been using this Instructable as my entry point into All Things Arduino and there is src code you may be able to use.

http://www.instructables.com/id/Programmable-LED/

This uses an ATTiny to detect and record changes in a photoresistor, and use the result to play back the same flash sequence that was received.

Other than the pin mapping being different, and lack of reliance on higher-level Arduino core functions : ) it could be useful to you.

the big thing I see is that we and you may not know the delta in resistance a photoresistor might see from your screen flash.  However, the src available from the link does contain a configurable delta in measured resistance (so even a dim flash could work, if you change the threshold in the code).

There are also code snips in the comments that help measure the "background" light level, before enabling the sensor to "record".
This could be useful for low- or high- background light levels as you may find in a lit (or poorly lit) room.