Send data before raising edge of a Clock
It sounds like you have some misconceptions.

In order to work with clocked signals like in SPI, you set your data line(s) to the desired value, and then raise the clock signal from low to high. The receiving device detects the low to high transition and reads the state of the data lines.

If you did it in the other order (switch the clock signal from low to high, then set the data pin(s).) then the receiver would detect the clock rising edge and try to read the data value before it was set correctly.

With a clock line like in your setup, the communication doesn't rely on fixed timing. The clock line tells the receiver when the data is available, and you can use whatever clock timing you want (up to the max speed supported by the hardware.)