What image formats are accepted for displays?
This is not a question of image format but of what format c accepts data in.

What you have is a python representation of binary data in hexadecimal encoding. That can only be used with python.

C represents hexadecimal values by prefixing them with 0x. 

You will have to change your python code to output each byte individually and prefix it with 0x and separate each one with a comma. That can then be wrapped in an array structure.