How to make a Smart Light Bulb?
You could use an ESP8266 NODEMCU. There is an example for making it emulate a Hue bridge ( https://github.com/probonopd/ESP8266HueEmulator ). 
To have the official bridge control your lights would take Zigbee and finding out the protocol that Philips uses. Their API is open source, however the zigbee protocol they use is not afaik.
ESP8266 is a very cheap solution that works with arduino ide and does not need an arduino. There are powerplugs which have an ESP8266 in them (https://www.itead.cc/smart-home/sonoff-sv.html)