ArduCAM OV2640 and microSD card module -- SPI problems
In this case, I don't think that a device is "using SPI to 'use up' the entire SPI bus so that other peripheral devices can't interact with the microcontroller". I think that your problem probably lies with how your SD card is connecting via the SPI bus.

The problem is that a lot of Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) devices, particularly the cheaper ones, don't properly put the MISO pin into high-impedance when SS is pulled high.

I had almost exactly this situation with one of my projects. I eventually resolved it by placing a tri-state buffer in the MISO line for each of the SPI devices.

In that case, I used a 74HC125 (4-channel tri-state buffer).

This is the page on Better SPI Bus Design in 3 steps that finally got me on the right track. I think the explanations are reasonably clear (at least compared with many other sites I found!).