How do I use this sound sensor?
The wording on this particular eBay item is pretty poor but there are plenty of similar products with better descriptions that are photographically identical... example that make a little bit more sense.

Anyway, I don't think this gives an analog value output, the LM393 is a comparator, so I think the blue dial sets the 'threshold level' and any sounds over that level cause a logic low. i.e. it compares the audio level and the dial and when one exceeds the other it gives a signal.

The features also say "The output effective signal is low level" which is probably Chinglish for the signal is a logic low, i.e. when the sound is heard it goes to 0V rather than 5V which is what I think you were expecting.

In summary: This device is is more like a Clapper, it detects a loud noise and sends a digital low signal.

Try making a loud noise with the same setup you already have, and if not try adjusting the potentiometer by turning it, but not too far! It probably only turns 180-270º.