How to implement Arduino NANO as a RS-232 to USB adapter (Or do I need a Arduino Mega?) For 3D printer comms
Its not as easy as you think. An Arduino will not be enough for connecting the USB of the 3D printer. The USB protocol is strictly divided into slaves and masters. A USB(us) has exactly one master, which totally controls, what the slave can do. The slave itself cannot do much of its own.
Your 3D printer is a USB slave device. That enables a USB master (like a computer) to control it. The Arduino is also a USB slave device. If you connect both, you have a USB connection without a master. Nothing will happen. So you need to implement a USB master on the Arduino, which can handle the UART communication; all in software. That is generally possible, but I wouldn't recommend it. Also you definitely need extra hardware, because D+ and D- on USB are also electrically totally different from the TTL lines RX and TX (and also from the RS232 lines). They work differentially. So you need extra hardware to do that.
The easiest way with an Arduino would be to buy a USB host shield. With that you may be able to build, what you want.
But I would dispute, if this really makes sense. The cheapest USB host shield for Arduino, that I could find at amazon is around 10€, plus the price for an Arduino and the hassle of getting it all to work. A RaspberryPi Zero W only costs 10€. If you don't want to use wifi, you can add a USB to Ethernet adapter. And depending on the used software and its installation you might even be able to handle multiple printers with only one Pi (I use the Repertier Server, which has the ability to control multiple printers, I think). (Though depending on the number of printers and the resulting load you might wanna step up the game to a full Pi4)

There might be an additional way, depending on your printers. The printers microcontroller board might break the TX and RX pins out for you. Then you could connect the Arduino to them, no need for USB in that case. But that might not be an option. If the used microcontroller has a direct USB interface, there are no RX and TX pins to break out.