Problem with STM32 and SDFat lib on other SPI port
Ok, I found out that the sdFat library is not supported on stm32 bluepill (sd card HAL peripherals are not enabled), so I decided to use basic Arduino SD library (it uses SPI commands, not HAL).
Also I have to change pins (from SPI1_1 to SPI1_2) in variant.h and PeripheralPins.c files of bluepill board. - And finally it works (SPI1_2).