DH11 and uno relay controle fridge
Cool question! ;-) Instead of a fixed timer, I would build in some (so-called) hysteresis, which means turning refrigeration on above a certain temperature (say 4 °C) but only turning off when the temperature has dropped again to a temperature well below that (say 3 °C). This ensures the temperature stays within set limits while at the same time preventing fast cycling. You don’t need any timers for this and it will work in any situation (even when it’s very hot or very cold outside of the fridge). This is how commercial thermostats work.
If you really need to ensure the compressor cools enough between cycles, you just need to start a timer when it turns off, and not turn on again before it expires. Look at examples like BlinkWithoutDelay for some coding ideas.