Arduino RBBB - Device not accepting address
I fixed it. Here is how I did it.

First, I tried connecting just the BUB II to via the USB. Same error, thus I ruled out the Arduino RBBB as the source. I then decided that perhaps it was the voltage jumpers (black things on the pins sticking out in the first picture). After removing them, it works under dmesg, yielding the below.

[  214.044563] ftdi_sio 3-1:1.0: FTDI USB Serial Device converter detected
[  214.044687] usb 3-1: Detected FT232RL
[  214.044696] usb 3-1: Number of endpoints 2
[  214.044704] usb 3-1: Endpoint 1 MaxPacketSize 64
[  214.044712] usb 3-1: Endpoint 2 MaxPacketSize 64
[  214.044718] usb 3-1: Setting MaxPacketSize 64
[  214.045209] usb 3-1: FTDI USB Serial Device converter now attached to ttyUSB0


Thus I wanted to put them back on so I wouldn't lose them. I proceeded to try various combinations till it worked. Ultimately, I ended with 5V for VOUT and VL for LGLV. If that is a bad idea, someone please comment, but it works.

May this help someone else.