How to confirm a pin is fried
Yes, it sounds like that pin is fried.

You seem to have done all the things I would recommend:


Try your circuit on a different pin (works fine)
Try your circuit on the same (faulty) pin on a different microcontroller (works fine)


If you get different results between two chips that should be the same with the same code running on them then one of them is most likely faulty in some way, or has some other setting in it (fuse setting) that could be affecting it.  I am not aware of any settings like that on the '328P, certainly none that you would change without knowing you had changed them.