Connecting TCD1304 with Arduino
The TCD1304's minimum OS-datarate is 200 kHz. Quite a lot more than what the arduino is capable of. You should look to faster processors or to a different sensor. The TSL1401 seems to be popular with the arduino-community.

If you /need/ the TCD1304, then an arduino due will probably be able to do it, but I'm guessing you'll have to drop the arduino-IDE to achieve the full speed of the ADC.

Here's how I've done it with a STM32F4 processor:
https://tcd1304.wordpress.com/