Running C for arduino
Perhaps you should look into here
https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/wiki/Build-Process

Arduino uses avr-gcc compiler. Basically, it is a C compiler.

There is an step by step on how to customize this process using an avr-gcc compiler of your own here
http://www.wikihow.com/Write-Arduino-Software-in-C

But I best recommend you downloading the arduino IDE on the official website to get things going. It has all the serial pairing stuff you don't really need to know to get started.

Hope it helps.