File class and large constructor
There are three ways I know of to deal with large container classes:


large constructors
post-constructor modifiers
sub-categories


None of them are 'nice'.

Large Constructor

Your code is an example of the large constructor.

Post Construction

The post-constructor modifier system will have a bunch of 'set' methods, and you call them like:

 myFile.setSize(...);
 myFile.setMD5(...);


Sub-Categories

The sub-cateogory option is not awful, it is done by grouping related parameters together. For example, the two times could be one class:

class FileTimes():
    def __init__(self, created, modified):
        self.created = created
        self.modified = modified


then the file locations could be grouped as well

class FileLocation():
    def __init__(self, path, public_url=None):
        self.public_url = public_url
        self.path = path


FileGroup would be, perhaps, the various 'types', like type, media_type, mime_type.

Once you have sub-categorized your parameters, the constructor becomes simpler, like:

def __init__(self, name, locations, times, types, md5, size, public_key=None, preview=None):


But, though you have simplified this class's constructor, you now have to build up a hierarchy of data to initialize it.... which is not simple.

Recommendation

As for me, given the nature of your JSON data, it appears that the large constructor is the lesser of the evils. It is 'tailored' to match the JSON data format, and it works well.

Your question:


  My colleague says that the constructor is very large, and this code is horrible. Is he right?


The answer is: yes, it is large, and the code is ugly.... and he's right. But, not everything can be small, and pretty. This is the lesser of the evils.

I would not change it. Your class has a lot of related data, it has to get in there somehow.

Other Issues

Your constructor has the input public_key but does not store that as a property.

You should consider using a generator in your get_list_of_all_files: you should yield each File, instead of returning the completed list.