Getting data from API every x seconds and store it in a database
Quickly overviewing the code - it would work.
If you are into a more readable approach, I may have just a few (minor) comments:

Declare fetchItems as async, and use await for axios.

Instead of a for loop, use response.data.stashes.filter().
Adding all items in separate queries seems odd, is there a way to push all of them in a single transaction? Build the query outside in a helper function.

So your flow may look something like this:

const fetchItems = () =&gt; {/*... axios ...*/};
const filterItems = (item) =&gt; {/*.. return true or false */};
const buildQuery = (items) =&gt; {/*.. return SQL string ..*/};

async function execute() {
  try {
    const items = (await fetchItems()).filter(filterItems);
    const query = buildQuery(items);
    await db.query(sql);
  } catch (err) {
  /* handle it */
  }
}