Wordy LINQ for XML word list
Your LINQ is fine.  All you're doing is simple navigation of an XDocument.  There's isn't any more you can do with LINQ there.  However, there are still some improvements that can be made.

Borrowing from janos' answer, you can create a helper method GetWords that takes XDocument xdoc and string name as parameters:

private List&lt;string&gt; GetWords(XDocument xdoc, string name)
{
    var words = from wordList in xdoc.Root.Elements("Word")
                select wordList.Element(name).Value;
    return words.ToList();
}


You can store the XML path as a constant at the class level:

private const string _cXmlPath = @"C:\Users\Jesse\Source\Repos\AsyncSpeechSynth\EJCTest\XMLControlLibrary\newDictionary.xml";


You can get rid of magic strings.

You can use auto properties.

Edit: You can rename the xmlDataLoad method using UpperCamelCase and to start with a verb.  Thanks @BCdotWEB and @RobH.

The new version of your class looks like this:

/// &lt;summary&gt;
/// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
/// &lt;/summary&gt;
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    private const string _cXmlPath = @"C:\Users\Jesse\Source\Repos\AsyncSpeechSynth\EJCTest\XMLControlLibrary\newDictionary.xml";
    private const string _cWordName = "Word";
    private const string _cEnglishName = "English";
    private const string _cRomajiName = "Romaji";
    private const string _cJapaneseName = "Japanese";

    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void LoadXmlData()
    {            
        XDocument xdoc = XDocument.Load(_cXmlPath);

        engList.ItemsSource = GetWords(xdoc, _cEnglishName);
        romList.ItemsSource = GetWords(xdoc, _cRomajiName);
        jpnList.ItemsSource = GetWords(xdoc, _cJapaneseName);
    }

    private List&lt;string&gt; GetWords(XDocument xdoc, string name)
    {
        var words = from wordList in xdoc.Root.Elements(_cWordName)
                    select wordList.Element(name).Value;
        return words.ToList();
    }

    private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
        LoadXmlData();
    }

    public class WordList
    {
        public string English { get; set; }
        public string Romaji { get; set; }
        public string Japanese { get; set; }
    }
}