Excel-like column numbering
It depends what do you mean by "streamlined"? There is not much you can do to, for example, reduce the complexity of your algorithm. What you can do is to increase the clarity of your algorithm, which falls into the domain of code review or improvement.

Maybe there is some math trick that can do the job faster, or with fewer lines of code. However there is also a good chance that such a trick will not make your algorithm look more "streamlined". It might even go the opposite direction and make it harder for the code to reveal its intention.

That being said, the problem you solved can be generalized to the problem of converting number to an arbitrary base, and then encode the number-in-new-base using a set of arbitrary symbols. In your case, the base is 26. The symbols are ["A", "B", ..., "Z"].
How a number is encoded or represented in a new base is independent of the base-convertion itself. 

Looking at it this way, the only improvement I can think of is "do not limit the convertion to only one or two characters". Such a constraint does not bring much simplicity. But this probably is still implementation level improvement.

Your algorithm (or api) could eventually look like: number.convertToBase(26).encodeIn (["A", "B", ... , "Z"]). Is this more "streamlined"?