HDF Data File Format Validator
Some comments on your code.  In no particular order:

Blocks of text, should be blocks of text

Instead of a bunch of print statements, consider using one block of text, and a loop like:

  def print_help_text():
      help_text = """
          The processor.py utility is designed to take a single argument, the path
          to a NASA EarthData Global Fire Emissions Database GFED4.1s_yyyy.hdf5 file.
          Example - $ ./preprocess.py some/directory/GFED4.1s_2015.hdf5

          If a valid file path is passed to the utility it should output individual JSO
          files for each month, that contain data in the format required to train the
          emissions predictor."

          By default the new files will be ouput to the same directory that contains
          the script. Alternatively, you can provide a second argument with a path to
          another directory for the output files to be placed in.
      """
      for line in help_text.split()[1:-1]:
          print(line.strip())


in is handy

I would prefer to see this:

args = len(arguements)
if (args == 2 or args == 3) and arguements[1] != "--help":
    ...


as this:

if len(arguements) in (2, 3) and arguements[1] != "--help":
     ...


This construct makes it more obvious that you are looking for the length to be one of a specific list of values.

@staticmethod

Your Validator class has a bunch of staticmethods, but they are not declared as such. This is not terribly pythonic.  I suggest you investigate: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#staticmethod