Find maximum gap between elements of an array
The code looks pretty good. Here are a few suggestions to make it more Pythonic.

Use generator expressions to their fullest

The entirety of the initialization of a can be reduced from:

A = list(map(list, enumerate(A)))  # get list of [index,value]
for item in A:
    item[0], item[1] = item[1], item[0]  # swap index with value
a = sorted(A)  # sort list A as per values

for v, i in a:
    ....


To:

for v, i in sorted((v, i) for i, v in enumerate(A)):
    ....


Use Python's builtins:

Python has the max() function that will replace

gap_new = max_index - min_index  # find the maximum gap
if gap &lt; gap_new:
    gap = gap_new


with:

gap = max(gap, max_index - min_index)


similarly:

if i &gt; max_index:  # if current &gt; max_index, set max to current
    max_index = i


can be just:

max_index = max(max_index, i)


pep8

The violations were very minor, by I recommend formatting your code in accordance 
with pep8.  This is important 
when sharing code, as the consistent style makes it much easier for other 
programmers to read your code.  There are various tools available to 
assist in making the code pep8 compliant.  I use the 
PyCharm IDE which will show pep8 
violations right in the editor.

Restructured Code:

def maximum_gap(A):
    """find maximum gap between index(j -i ) with  A[i] &lt;= A[j]"""

    min_index = max_index = len(A)
    gap = 0

    for v, i in sorted((v, i) for i, v in enumerate(A)):
        if i &lt; min_index:  # if current &lt; min, set min &amp; max to current
            min_index = max_index = i
        else:
            # if current &gt; max, set max to current
            max_index = max(max_index, i)

        # find the maximum gap
        gap = max(gap, max_index - min_index)

    return gap


assert maximum_gap([-1, -1, 2]) == 2
assert maximum_gap([1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 10]) == 6
assert maximum_gap([3, 2, 1]) == 0
assert maximum_gap([3, 2, 1, 4]) == 3
assert maximum_gap([2, 2, 1, 4, 3]) == 4
assert maximum_gap([0, 1, 2, 3]) == 3
assert maximum_gap([100, 100, 100, 100, 100]) == 4