Row/Column Transpose
First of all don't create variables for those keys, store them in a list.

keys = ["ElemNo", "Node1", "Node2", "Length", "Area", "Inertia",
        "Fnode1", "Fnode2", "SigmaMin", "SigmaMax"]


You can use collections.defaultdict here, so no need to initialize the dictionary with those keys and empty list. 

from collections import defaultdict
var = defaultdict(list)


Now, instead of storing the data in a list, you can populate the dictionary during iteration over File itself.

for line in File:
    for i, (k, v) in enumerate(zip(keys, line.split())):
        if i == 5:
            var[k].append(float(v)*10**6)
        else:
            var[k].append(float(v))