Sorting Exclusive of Specified Indexes in List
Limitations

The implementation will not work well for certain inputs with duplicate values. The spec doesn't say that there won't be duplicate values, so you should not assume that.

This limitation can be fixed by excluding items to sort by index instead of value.

Performance

element not in non_sort_subjects and whole_index in static_index_list will be linear searches, since non_sort_subjects and static_index_list are lists. A simple improvement would be to search in sets.