jQuery parallax plugin
First of all, your code looks quite good. You've encapsulated the plugin well, and cached all your jQuery instances, which are, in my experience, the most common pitfalls. 

One thing I noticed is that you create a scroll event handler for every section[data-type="background"] element. Performance wise, this might not be optimal since the scroll event fires quite often. Instead of creating multiple scroll events, something like the following could be done:

var backgrounds = [];
$('section[data-type="background"]').each(function(){
  backgrounds.push($(this));
}

$(window).scroll(function() {
  for(var i=0; i &lt; backgrounds.length; i++) {
    var $elem = backgrounds[i];
    var yPos = -(jQuerywindow.scrollTop() / $elem.data('speed'));
    var coords = '50% '+ yPos + 'px';
    $elem.css({ backgroundPosition: coords });  
  }
});


John Resig wrote about scroll event performance quite some time ago, and it's still a good read (including the comments!). You might want to check that out too, and choose a technique of your liking.

And one more, very personal opinion: jQuerywindow is not a variable name I would choose. If you're determined to prepend every jQuery variable with jQuery, then write jQueryWindow, but I would suggest just using $window. I actually don't know where I got this from, but prepending every jQuery variable (including function parameters) with $ makes for very easily readable code (again, this is only a personal opinion).



Edit: Oh, and you probably should cache the jQueryscroll.data('speed') invocation, so that you don't have to read from the DOM every time a scroll event happens.

Edit2: And it is generally a good idea to do a little profiling when you're having performance problems, as guessing what might be the bottleneck is usually not very effective. Most modern browsers have some kind of JavaScript profiler available.