Similar statements need duplication removed
I am not sure your quest for de-duplication is warranted,
the only approach I know of is this:

DECLARE @city VARCHAR(10)
DECLARE @status INT

SELECT c.Name, c.Phone
FROM Customers c
WHERE c.City = @city
AND c.Status = @status
AND ( ( c.Status = 5 )
OR    ( c.Status = 10  AND c.SignUpDate NOT IN (EXEC ExpensiveQuery) ) )