Web page based on a sample from a book
I wrote this up using a lot more jQuery as an example. Confirmed working JSFiddle here.

You can see there's a considerably less lines of code, there's less boilerplate on each line (things like document.getElementsByTagName), and at least in my opinion it's a lot more expressive.

Additionally, it becomes much easier to do other things that jQuery does well. For example, to animate these toggles. Just change $hidden.toggle() to $hidden.slideToggle()

Full code:

'use strict';

function enterData(){
    var day, info, day_regex = /[A-Z][a-z]{1,7} [1-9][0-9]?, 2[0-9]{3}/;
    do {
        day = prompt('Day');
        if (!day_regex.test(day)) alert('Day not correct .. !');
    } while(!day_regex.test(day))
    info = prompt('Info');
    addDiv(day, info);
}

function bindEventsToEl( $trigger, $hidden, events ){

    //This lets you pass in a different hash of events to bind, if you wanted to
    var eventsHash = events || {
        click: function(){
            $hidden.toggle();
        }
    };

    for ( var event_type in eventsHash ){
        $trigger.on( event_type, eventsHash[event_type] );
    }
}


function defineTriggers(hide) {
    var $hidden = $("div"),
        $triggers = $("h2");

    if (hide) {
        $hidden.hide();

        $triggers.each(function(i,el){
            bindEventsToEl( $(el), $( $hidden[i] ) );
        });
    }
}

function addDiv(date, info) {
    //Creating your empty elements and inserting content
    var $header = $("&lt;h2&gt;").text(date),
        $p = $("&lt;p&gt;").text(info),
        $div = $("&lt;div&gt;").append($p).hide();

    //You can chain appends to the root selector
    $("body").append($header).append($div);

    bindEventsToEl( $header, $div );
}


alert('running')

// bind all of our initial header/div combos
defineTriggers(true);

// create the button to add new sections
var $button = $("&lt;button&gt;").text("Add a Date").appendTo("footer").on( "click", enterData );


I removed your PER_TRIGGER, per_trigger variables and the if check around binding event listeners based on their count. It didn't seem to apply in your current JSfiddle anyway, and the reasoning behind it seemed a little shaky.

However, I think this problem might be solved just by using jQuery. Check out the bindEventsToEl function. Because $trigger and $hidden are jQuery selectors, you can have any number of elements in them.

For example, we can call this:

bindEventsToEl( $("h2, div"), $("div") );


This causes ALL divs to toggle whenever ANY h2 or div is clicked. Not exactly useful, but I think it shows you how powerful and expressive jQuery can be when selecting and binding events.

You can pass in a different event hash to the bindEventsToEl as well:

bindEventsToEl( $("h2"), $("div") , {
    click: function(){ console.log("bonus click"); },
    mouseover: function(){ console.log("mouseover"); }
});


If you're still not convinced that jQuery is the route you want to go, some recommendations for your prior code:


Focus on simplifying your toggle function so that it's much more clear what it's doing.
Try not to have as much nesting inside functions, break them out into their component parts.
Definitely don't have another function named 'toggle' inside a function named 'toggle'. It makes it look like it's calling itself recursively.
Give the rest of your variables slightly clearer names as well.