Tracks the number of calories consumed throughout the day
First, a small note. Your fields are public. There's no need for getters and setters if the fields are public.

Second, the getTodaysCalories() and check() methods seems a bit out of place in this class. I think it would be a lot better to have a 2nd class called DailyMeals. That class would then have a List&lt;Meal&gt; inside of it. That class would be the one to check if a duplicate is being added and what the daily totals are. However the checking for duplicates should be done at the time a meal is added. This would give the code more clarity and put the methods where they should be. As it stands now there isn't really any indication that a list of meals is for a single day and/or that it can't contain duplicates.

In addition, it may be some sort of rule that you can't have 2 of the same meal, but perhaps that would be better done by (instead of throwing an exception) prompting the user asking if they are sure they want to add a second lunch/dinner/breakfast etc. What happens if the person actually ate 2 meals and they consider them both lunch?

The general code structure could look something like this:

public class Meal {
    public enum Type {
        BREAKFAST,
        LUNCH,
        DINER,
    }

    private Type type;
    private double caloriesConsumed;

    public Meal(Type type, double caloriesConsumed) {
        this.type = type;
        this.caloriesConsumed = caloriesConsumed;
    }

    //ommitted getters, setters and equals for brevity...
}

public class DailyMeals {
    List&lt;Meal&gt; meals;

    //ommitted constructors for brevity...

    public void addMeal(Meal meal) {
        if (checkForDuplicate(meal))
            //throw error (or prompt if they're sure they want to add a duplicate)

        //rest of method code...
    }

    private boolean checkForDuplicates(Meal meal) {
        //code to check if multiple meals have the same type...
    }

    public int getCaloriesForDay() {
        //code returning total number of calories for the day
    }
}