Search object literal and return first key/value pair that matches regex
To be fair, the entire thing in Ruby would be a few more method calls:

{:a =&gt; 1, :b =&gt; 2}.detect { |i| i != :b }.each_slice(2).to_h


Can we do this in a similar number of lines in JavaScript? 

First, we can shorten the 8 line original down to 5 lines if we use ES2015 syntax:

function test(data) {
  for(let key of data) {
    if(/_is$/.test(key)) return {[key]: data[key]};
  }
}


Adding in ES2015 methods we can use reduce and an arrow function to get rid of the return at the cost of making this always loop over all the keys in the object (now down to 3 lines):

const test = data =&gt; Object.keys(data).reduce((obj, key) =&gt;
  obj || /_is$/.test(key) ? {[key]: data[key]} : undefined, undefined
);


If we're willing to use ES2017, we can use Object.entries and a helper function to get the line count down to 2 at the expense of a little legibility:

const toObj = ([key, value] = []) =&gt; key ? {[key]: value} : undefined;
const test = data =&gt; toObj(Object.entries(data).find(([key, value]) =&gt; /_is$/.test(key)));