Find sum of all the subarrays of an array
First I would suggest to separate I/O from the computation,
and define a function to compute the subarray sum. That increases
the clarity of the program and allows to add test cases more easily:

def subarray_sum(a):
    """Compute sum of all subarrays of a, multiplied by its last element"""
    n = len(a)
    total = 0
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        for j in range(n + 1 - i):
            temp = a[j:j + i]
            total += sum(temp) * temp[-1]
    return total


Using sum() with generator expressions this can be shortened to

def subarray_sum(a):
    n = len(a)
    total = sum(sum(sum(a[i:j + 1]) * a[j] for j in range(i, n))
                for i in range(n))
    return total


But the time complexity is still \$ O(n^3) \$ because of the three nested
loops.

In order to find a more efficient method, let's compute the sum for a 3-element
array \$ [a, b, c] \$ explicitly:

$$
 a \cdot a + b \cdot b + c \cdot c \\
 + (a+b)\cdot b + (b+c) \cdot c \\
 + (a+b+c) \cdot c
$$
Rearranging terms, this becomes
$$
 a \cdot a + (a + 2b) \cdot b + (a + 2b + 3c) \cdot c
$$
Can you spot the pattern? This can be computed with a single 
traversal of the array, i.e.  in \$ O(n) \$ time.