Build object with different input, using super-class and sub-class style, Python 3
As you yourself have noted, the inheritance isn't benefiting you at all. Just write one class.

Passing meta as a dict is unidiomatic. Use **kwargs or parameters with defaults instead.

Consider dropping the get_… prefix.

Also consider passing the formula as code (e.g. a lambda) rather than referencing a module by name.

from script.interpolate import interp1d
from importlib import import_module

class Air:
    def __init__(self, city, **kwargs):
        self.city = city
        self.temperature = (
            lambda time: kwargs['temperature'] if 'temperature' in kwargs else
            interp1d(kwargs['times'], kwargs['temperatures']) if 'times' in kwargs else            
            import_module(kwargs['file_of_formula'] + '.my_function') if 'file_of_formula' in kwargs else
            kwargs['formula']
        )