How do I use profiles to update records
If you have the profile created, you are nearly there.  You need the Update Multiple Contacts search action. (In 4.6 the action is Batch update via Profile). The action has a limit of 100 contacts so you can update all your surveys in one go, but if you have more than 100 you need to do multiple passes.

In more detail:


Go to Search > Find Contacts 
Select your Group in the 'in' box 
Search
Scroll to the bottom, change Rows per page to 100, enter 
Click the tickbox next to the Name header to select all the records on that page
In the Actions box, select 'Update Multiple Contacts' 
On the next screen, select your profile 
Continue 
You should now have your fields editable 
Note that you can copy the value in the first row to all the others by clicking the symbol in the column header


When you're done with that 100, go back to the search, go to the next page and repeat for the next 100 etc

FYI, for these purposes, the profile does not need to be marked as a listings view, or searchable or be limited to your group.  Those options are for other uses of profiles.