Civi dashboard and menus won't display after install
From what you describe, there are some javascript issues in your page, possibly because the URL of some required resources is misconfigured.

I'd inspect the URLs related to errors like the 404 for jquery.min.js you report, and compare those URLs with the actual locations on disk of the same files.

This can happen many ways -


CiviCRM was incompletely uploaded, or 
CiviCRM is configured to request files at an incorrect path (see note below), or 
CRM-17633: WordPress in its own directory breaks CiviCRM, or
the file is somehow named jQuErY.mIn.Js, or
permissions don't allow you to access some resources (as JohnFF suggested), or
some .htaccess or nginx or apache config prevents access, or
... something ...


"CiviCRM is configured to request files at an incorrect path"

As of 4.7, Civi needs configuration in two places to get things working right! To check this, verify both the CIVICRM_BASEURL setting in civicrm.settings.php and the resource URLs in CiviCRM UI at Administer ➡ System Settings ➡ Resource URLs (wp-admin/admin.php?page=CiviCRM&amp;q=civicrm%2Fadmin%2Fsetting%2Furl&amp;reset=1).

If the files are at the correct URL but inaccessible, your webserver error logs should show information on why the webserver doesn't want to serve that file to your browser.

Hope that helps :)