How to re-process failed recurring contributions after updating card info?
Payment processors handle failed installments differently - currently, Authorize.net will not attempt to re-process a failed installment, but other payment processors might. Also, updates to credit card information can occur proactively without having missed an installment, so the re-process action should be user driven and separate from the card update action (the latest version of the iATS extension allows for the ability to process a contribution for the card on file specifically for this scenario). We have a bit of custom code that allows you to to link a one-time credit card transaction to the recurring contribution ID - it works exactly the same way as linking a contribution to an online contribution page under the "Additional Details" section of the record contribution screen (i.e. there is a select box that will show the recurring contributions based on the contact for whom the contribution is being recorded, by selecting an option from the list, it includes the recurring contribution ID in the values inserted into civicrm_contribution upon clicking "Save").

Hope this helps,
Tamar