Edit address using webform and views
The short answer is "no". Location types are handled in a very simple/dumb way by webform integration. When it looks up a contact it simply pulls all addresses (primary first, otherwise in no particular order) and populates address fields with them in order, and with no respect to location type settings for those fields (so the suggestion of pulling a default from $_GET wouldn't help you I'm afraid).

There is an open issue for improving this if you'd like to contribute.