Using CiviCRM to manage a Community Center?
You could use CiviCRM for what you describe, though you may want a developer to set it up for your specific use-case. Since CiviCRM is open source, the only cost would be the cost of whatever development team you use. If you have a tech-savvy person of your own, it might not take a developer at all, though it will take a lot of work. To go through your specific needs, with links ot the documentation explaining how it can be done:


Crowd funding: CiviContribute, or if you want to include marketing, CiviCampaign. 
Manage members: CiviMember.
Manage donors: I refer you again to CiviContribute. 
Manage volunteers: The extension CiviVolunteer will do this. To clarify, all the previous links are to core functionalities. This one is not, but it is easy to download and install extensions such as this one. 
Calendar: This would be managed through CiviEvent. Color coding would probably be through your theming, I'm not entirely sure about that one. But you can create event types, so it shouldn't be too difficult to manage the event types being different colors. 
Registration, attendance, progams, classes: These are all jobs for CiviEvents.
Space reservations: I don't think civiCRM has this capability, but it can be gained in other ways. This thread might be useful to you. 
Online social community: It sort of depends on how robust you want this to be. It is simple enough to allow members to view each other's profiles, but complex interaction may be more difficult. If you want to set up a facebook page and then link to it, that's simple though. 
Management of partnerships with collaborating orgs: Each org can be a contact in the CRM, and employees of that org can be grouped to them. You can track emails etc. I'm not sure what other functionalities you're looking for here. 
Sales of t-shirts etc: CiviContribute again can probably help you, but I'm not sure exactly how others have done this, though I'm sure you can figure it out. 


And finally, for CMS, I recommend Drupal as the most robustly extensioned &amp; maintained. But There are more in-depth answers to be found here.

In conclusion: Yes, I think you can run your community center with CiviCRM with few issues.