civi case API unable to create case
It looks like you've found a quirk with the explorer where it's smart enough to convert your string to a number, but when run outside the explorer it's expecting a number for case_type_id.

Use case_type_id = 1, which corresponds to housing_support, which you can see by doing a ('CaseType', 'get') call.

Note that if your script is standalone, i.e. not running within an extension or something where you are already logged in, your bootstrapping needs to include something that logs you in, e.g. cv api --user=CMSUser, where CMSUser is the login name for some user with permission to create cases in your CMS.