Establishing Group Based Permissions to Limit Display of Content to Logged In User
There is no such way to do this in Civi that I know of. There is no connection/ownership between a Campaign and a Group.

If you have a small number of groups, then yes i could see you doing this via some Views and Webforms whereby each 'group' has its own set of forms/lists and these show only the Campaigns etc which they should see.

I think I get what you are after but not aware of a simple method to do this.