All search modes redirect me to search page over and over.
It sounds like your site is misconfigured at this point.  There should never be a situation where QuickSearch shows more contacts than your other searches.  Based on the initial screenshots, I'd look at the settings in civicrm.settings.php.  However, at this point, you should consider hiring a CiviCRM professional to fix the issue - you may want to consider contacting someone from the CiviCRM Service Providers Association.