Get Custom CiviCRM Data by ContactID This is not a duplicate
I'll try to answer specifically for this question but this effectively is a duplicate of MySQL Query to return all custom values because it's the exact same technique.

First, look in civicrm_custom_field in the "name" column for the Background Check Status field. I'm going to assume it says "Background_Check_Status" there. If not you'll need to change it below to match.

SELECT civicrm_contact.id,
civicrm_contact.display_name,
civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.usoc_sports_safe_complete_9,
civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.background_check_7,
civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.red_light_override_71,
civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.override_expiration_72,
ov1.label AS 'Background Check Status'
FROM
civicrm_contact
INNER JOIN civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9 ON civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.entity_id = civicrm_contact.id
LEFT JOIN civicrm_custom_field cf1 ON cf1.name = 'Background_Check_Status'
LEFT JOIN civicrm_option_group og1 ON cf1.option_group_id = og1.id
LEFT JOIN civicrm_option_value ov1 ON (ov1.option_group_id = og1.id AND ov1.value = civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.background_check_status_73)
WHERE civicrm_contact.id = 1000


Since you already knew the option_group_id, you could use that like so, but I find the name is easier on the eyes.

SELECT civicrm_contact.id,
civicrm_contact.display_name,
civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.usoc_sports_safe_complete_9,
civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.background_check_7,
civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.red_light_override_71,
civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.override_expiration_72,
ov1.label AS 'Background Check Status'
FROM
civicrm_contact
INNER JOIN civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9 ON civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.entity_id = civicrm_contact.id
LEFT JOIN civicrm_option_value ov1 ON (ov1.option_group_id = 110 AND ov1.value = civicrm_value_custom__safe_sport_co_9.background_check_status_73)
WHERE civicrm_contact.id = 1000