Same exposure settings on 2 different DLSRs (Canon SL1 and 70d) created differently exposed image?
Simple answer is No.

Now to be a little more technical. It is all down to build, sensor type, style, size etc and of course the camera being stuff like, consumer, semi-pro, professional etc.

A little more.
Cameras like the SL1 which would be classed as consumer would not have the same build or sensor quality as a professional or possibly semi-pro same goes for sensor sizes etc.

I have a Canon 7D and a Canon 100D both of which I can use but I have to expose slightly differently on the 100D due to it being a lesser quality camera, even though it has basically the same sensor and specs (which is why I bought it). Most things you can correct it in post as long as I've thought about a little bits before hand.

This would also be the same for the built in colour profiles in the camera. Which  is why a lot of people start to build there own or put on preset ones like cinestyle.