Create a spherical hologram
This is not something you should ever do in After-Effects. Primarily, After-Effects is a motion-graphics program, so it works in 2D 99% of the time. Something like this scene from ghost in the shell was probably created using a 3D-Program to model out the cylinder (Modo, Cinema4D, Maya or Houdini could have been used), and then send over to a compositing-program, of which I'm pretty sure they used Nuke. If I was to get a job like that, this is how I would've worked:


Track the original shot and create a 3D-Camera (using Pf-Track or something similar).
Create a mask around the Lady and export it as a matte-image-sequence.
Import the camera in your 3D-Program of choice and set the original Clip as your background, so you can see where the cylinder is supposed to be in space.
Model out the Cylinder and texture it accordingly.
Set the 3D-Kamera to fit the real camera, i.e. Lens-distortion, Chromatic-Abberation, Mono-Chromatic Abberation, etc.
Light the scene to perfectly fit the video-clip.
Cut out the back part of the cylinder using your matte-image sequence from prior.
Export the sequence as a tiff or exr with alpha-channel (the transparency)
Import the image-sequence into Nuke.
Add some finishing touches such as grain, glow, etc.