What are the basics of high-speed videography?
Ok this question should probably be put on hold as it is way too broad for a single answer. If I understand you correctly, you're asking about both the technical and artistic aspects of both photography and videography, topics which people study for years in universities. So if you really want to learn all that stuff, sign up for a course at an university. That said, here are some pointers.

First a disclaimer, you're not gonna 'master' any of this by watching Youtube tutorials, reading blogs or even books. The only way you're gonna become better is by practicing a lot. I know people who know all there is to know about their fancy camera, but couldn't compose a decent shot if their life depended on it. But what sucks even more are those who can't compose a shot and can't handle their fancy camera, so ...

Technical skills

Since you asked about photography, I recommend the reddit photoclass archive. It's a great ressource to start learning the basics of DSLR cameras (most of it will also apply to medium- to high-end video cameras). There's also a list of additional ressources at the end of this post.

Here's an excerpt (Disclaimer: I don't know all of those myself): 


  
  Ansel Adams - "The Camera", "The Negative" and "The Print" - The reference. A bit outdated and dealing mostly with print, but still very useful reading for any serious photographer
  Scott Kelby - "Digital Photography Vol. 1-3" - very easy to read and quite complete, a good introduction text
  1x.com - for inspiration.
  /r/photography - reddit's own photography experts.
  


The photography subreddit has a weekly beginner's question thread, might be useful for you. Also check out /r/askphotography/. 

Again, those are only the very basics.

Artistic aspects

I've already written a lengthy post on that, check it out here. This also contains some links concerning the technical aspects of videography (in this field, technical and artistic goes very much hand in hand). Also check out the second answer for some additional links.

Again, practice. It might also help to look at other people's work. For photography, you can check out the following sites:


Instagram (Yes, seriously, there are some real photographers there.)
Gurushots (Photo competitions. Look at all submissions, not only the winners.)
/r/photocritique (Read the comments to learn a lot about how photographers think about photos and what makes a good photo)
500px (Photo sharing site aimed at professional photographers. I'm not using it, but photographers often recommend it.)


For movies, well, just watch good movies. The post above contains a link to a list of movies to watch.