How can I sync audio in Premiere with a comp in After Effects?
Go to the in and out points of the clip and add edits (ctrl / ⌘k) to the audio track, so that the section of audio underneath the image clip you want to replace is separate (don't worry you can rejoin it later). 

Now select this audio and the image clip and replace with an After Effects comp (using the right-click menu and choosing Replace with after Effects composition). The new AE comp will have the selected video and audio clips in it, so you can synch up.

If you don't want your audio to be chopped up, just alt-click the audio that comes from the AE comp and delete it, then stretch the ends of the original audio clip to cover the gap, select the match-cut edit and hit delete and the added edit will disappear.