Is possible to use this "map" as a mask? (After Effects)
Create an adjustment layer above the base image and apply one of the effects to it (you will have to do this whole process several times with one effect per adjustment layer).
Add the colour mask layer above the adjustment layer and use a key effect (Effects>Keying>whatever…) to make the relevant colour for the effect transparent.
Set the track matte for the adjustment layer to "Alpha Inverted Matte the colour mask layer".



Using an alpha inverted track matte will make the adjustment layer opaque only where the Alpha Matte is transparent, so the effect will only be visible in the areas defined by the relevant colour. Note that when you apply the track matte the layer that is acting as a matte is made invisible (eye icon switched off).