How to keep EXIF data in a DSLR video after editing / compressing with Photoshop CC?
I don't think any video release format allows per-frame metadata. The best you can do is per-file metadata, which won't preserve the info from individual scenes in an edited piece.

It's theoretically possible to construct a file in (say) AVI format which uses RIFF chunks. You could add text chunks at scene changes to tag the source. But AFAIK this is not something anyone has actually done -- you'd have to build it yourself.

What you might do is use an EDL to identify the shots by source and time, and use it to index a database that holds the extracted EXIF data from each source.