Is there a high-pass filter for videos in Adobe Premiere Pro?
The high pass plugin in Photoshop doesn't exist natively in After Effects or Premiere.  The Find Edges tool approximates the kind of effect you're after, but given that it's for a scientific assessment of something, probably won't work for you:

You could try something like the Unsharp Mask in After Effects or Premiere, and then apply it back to the original image using a Difference mode - gives this kind of effect:

If the high pass is what you need, I would export the video as an image sequence, then Automate a Batch in Photoshop to apply it (probably overnight).