Does the camel caravan gives points at the edge of the oasis?
Catan Traders &amp; Barbarians - Rules


  Three caravans are formed during the course of the game--each caravan
  consists of a string of camels that begins at the oasis. Each
  settlement and city adjacent to a caravan route is worth an extra
  victory point. (page 12)


According to the rules (page 14), the essential condition for obtaining an extra victory point is :


  Each settlement or city located between 2 camels is worth 1 additional
  victory point.


Therefore, in the situation you describe, if there are two camels - one starting the caravan and leaving the oasis, and another that has come back to the oasis (see photo) then, if you build a settlement on the oasis between these 2 camels, you will get an extra victory point. The edge to the right of the settlement is considered an initial point of a caravan because a camel is leaving one the 3 caravan starting points. 



The photo above is a reconstruction of the example on page 14 of the rules.

In the photo, I have added the objects pointed to by red arrows : 2 red roads and one camel. By placing a red settlement (or city) on the oasis, in the position indicated by the red box, the red player will get an extra victory point because the settlement is between 2 camels.

Catan Traders &amp; Barbarians - Rules