Do any card games use the tarot trumps (Judgement, The Chariot) in any interesting ways?
In Gnostica players have a hand of cards from a Tarrot deck, which also doubles as the game's board, and a stash of icehouse pieces per player.  It is a territorial game where players try to outmaneuver each other in order to occupy high scoring cards.

The trumps (or "Major Arcana") have powers which are related to the card. Here are some of the clearer relations:


Chariot - Make two moves;
Strength - Take two grow actions;
Hermit - Move something to an unoccupied space;
World - Use the power of any trump that forms part of the playing field.


You can see the rest of the trump powers in the full rules under "Major arcana powers".

Gnostica is based on Zarcana, replacing the standard deck of playing cards with tarrot cards, and adding in the interesting powers along the way.  It is also similar to Dectana which uses the Decktet (a deck of cards inspired by tarrot cards).