What impact will Kickstarter have on how Designer Board Games are released?
Many kickstarter games (at least on the RPG side) have either demo modules or playtest rules, which you can read BEFORE committing. I've seen a couple on the boardgame side as well, where the rules PDF was posted; the kickstarter was for a nice set.

I can see boardgames relying upon components to move stuff via kickstarter. 

Given the typical mode for Kickstarter, you have to get people trusting that you (1) have a clue and (2) made at least a passable game, and then get them to promise money.

If you can't convince them, then you don't get your cash, and they don't get charged.

If you convince them, but they dislike the game and/or components, they can leave bad feedback... so after two or three tries, you're not going to get any but the most clueless.

So no, it's not going to bring a rash of get-rich-quick scammers. It's self-limiting.