What constitutes a pair in the game "L'Auberge des Pirates"?
According to the rules (via google translate):

This player
shows you his cards (and to
you alone). Your charge is successful
if he has a pair between the
cards in his hand and those
that he has in front of him.

And in the description of drawing a card:

Draw 1 card without the
show (if it makes a pair with
cards in your hand or those
placed in front of you, do not say anything,
you haven't lost until
you are not charged).

Despite the awkwardness of the translation, it seems clear enough that when challenged, you lose if there is a pair ANYWHERE among the cards you own, whether between two cards in your hand, or one from hand and one from in play.