Where can I learn the lingo of Go?
Most of the special terminology of Go is just Japanese Go terms adopted by English-speaking players.  Depending on who you're dealing with, you can be just as likely to see references to "shimari" and "fuseki" as you are to see "corner enclosures" and "the opening".

A good beginner's resource for learning Go can be found at Sensei's Library.  In particular, they have a page dedicated to common Go terminology.