What is the name of this columns-based card game?
You describe a variation of sevens/Fan Tan, with the only difference being the use of nines as the bases instead of sevens, which effectively makes the same game, just with the number of cards above/below the base swapped:
23456 7 89TJQKA  
AKQJT 9 8765432

That linked page above also references a Russian version that uses nines as the bases, but that one uses a 36-card deck.