Where can I find an exhaustive inventory of cards in Ticket to Ride?
The card distribution for train cars is in the rulebook, it is 8 colors 12 of each, and 14 locomotive wilds.

There are 30 destination tickets, they can be read here in high resolution with a BGG account. They are listed here


Denver to El Paso (4)
Kansas City to Houston (5)
New York to Atlanta (6)
Chicago to New Orleans (7), Calgary to Salt Lake City (7)
Helena to Los Angeles (8), Duluth to Houston (8), Sault Ste Marie to Nashville (8)
Montreal to Atlanta (9), Sault Ste. Marie to Oklahoma City (9), Seattle to Los Angeles (9), Chicago to Santa Fe (9) 
Duluth to El Paso (10), Toronto to Miami (10)
Portland to Phoenix(11), Dallas to New York City (11), Denver to Pittsburgh (11), Winnipeg to Little Rock (11)
Winnipeg to Houston (12), Boston to Miami (12)
Vancouver to Santa Fe (13), Calgary to Phoenix(13), Montreal to New Orleans (13)
Los Angeles to Chicago (16)
San Francisco to Atlanta (17), Portland to Nashville (17)
Vancouver to Montréal (20), Los Angeles to Miami (20)
Los Angeles to New York City (21)
Seattle to New York (22)