How to render a pixelated, occluded wireframe with freestyle?
You can use the Blender OpenGL viewport rendering for this.


Go to edit mode, activate edge-select and Z-Clipping:





Go to User Preferences, System, then disable all lights and make the final one black (color and specular, in my screenshot, only the specular ones are set to black).





Go to the Theme settings, 3D View and set selected edges to white and selected faces to black.





Select everything and press the "OpenGL render active viewport" (3D view header, the left one in the screenshot).




To remove other lines such as lamps you can enable Only render in 3D view > Properties panel (N) > Display > Only render and press CtrlSpace to toggle the 3D manipulator.

If the background is a problem, you can put a face there or also make it black in the theme settings.

AA has to be disabled, otherwise you will get smooth lines.

Result: