How can I call a specific keymap to draw within my AddonPreferences?
You're likely the first person who has attempted this, and it looks like its quite possible;

Notes


Save this script to your addons dir with a unique name (ending with .py)
The keymaps are added as is normal for an addon.
There is one bug at the moment, pressing the 'X' buttons isn't properly removing them. (needs further investigation we should be able to fix)
Finally - this uses a part of the API we consider internal, so its not guaranteed to work in future versions (realistically it probably wont change any time soon though).


Script:

bl_info = {"name": "KeyMap Test", "category": "Object"}

import bpy
from bpy.types import Operator, AddonPreferences
from bpy.props import StringProperty, IntProperty, BoolProperty

# this is an internal API at the moment
import rna_keymap_ui


class ExampleAddonPreferences(AddonPreferences):
    # this must match the addon name, use '__package__'
    # when defining this in a submodule of a python package.
    bl_idname = __name__

    filepath = StringProperty(
            name="Example File Path",
            subtype='FILE_PATH',
            )
    number = IntProperty(
            name="Example Number",
            default=4,
            )
    boolean = BoolProperty(
            name="Example Boolean",
            default=False,
            )

    def draw(self, context):
        layout = self.layout
        layout.label(text="This is a preferences view for our addon")
        layout.prop(self, "filepath")
        row = layout.row()
        row.prop(self, "number")
        row.prop(self, "boolean")

        col = layout.column()
        kc = bpy.context.window_manager.keyconfigs.addon
        for km, kmi in addon_keymaps:
            km = km.active()
            col.context_pointer_set("keymap", km)
            rna_keymap_ui.draw_kmi([], kc, km, kmi, col, 0)


class OBJECT_OT_addon_prefs_example(Operator):
    """Display example preferences"""
    bl_idname = "object.addon_prefs_example"
    bl_label = "Addon Preferences Example"
    bl_options = {'REGISTER', 'UNDO'}

    def execute(self, context):
        user_preferences = context.user_preferences
        addon_prefs = user_preferences.addons[__name__].preferences

        info = ("Path: %s, Number: %d, Boolean %r" %
                (addon_prefs.filepath, addon_prefs.number, addon_prefs.boolean))

        self.report({'INFO'}, info)
        print(info)

        return {'FINISHED'}


addon_keymaps = []

# Registration
def register():
    bpy.utils.register_class(OBJECT_OT_addon_prefs_example)
    bpy.utils.register_class(ExampleAddonPreferences)

    # Keymapping
    kc = bpy.context.window_manager.keyconfigs.addon
    km = kc.keymaps.new(name="3D View", space_type='VIEW_3D')
    kmi = km.keymap_items.new("object.editmode_toggle", 'NUMPAD_SLASH', 'PRESS', shift=True)
    kmi.active = True
    addon_keymaps.append((km, kmi))
    kmi = km.keymap_items.new("object.transform_apply", 'NUMPAD_SLASH', 'PRESS', shift=True)
    kmi.active = True
    addon_keymaps.append((km, kmi))


def unregister():
    bpy.utils.unregister_class(OBJECT_OT_addon_prefs_example)
    bpy.utils.unregister_class(ExampleAddonPreferences)

    # handle the keymap
    for km, kmi in addon_keymaps:
        km.keymap_items.remove(kmi)
    addon_keymaps.clear()