How to organize different animations when you didn't finish your scene yet?
So I may be wrong but here is what I think you should do from what I understand:

As you don't want to use the File > Link function and as you absolutely want to use Scenes, I think the best way to do it is to create a New Scene > Linked Copy mode, so that the objects stay linked from a scene to another, then you need to make linked duplications of your object (altD instead of shiftD), so that if you make any edit on one instance of this object, it will be replicated on all the other instances on all linked copy scene.

Why linked duplications? Because if you simply reuse the same object from a scene to another you won't be able to change the animation of one instance without changing the animation of all the other instances.