How do I delete/remove/replace an image using a script?
Some options

Result  with image strips are overlapping would indicate you are  setting start and end frames incorrectly in loop. If the idea is to make an animation of all the added strips,  not sure then why the render operator is inside the loop.

If that is how you want it, will need to  remove the image strip, replace the image strip, change the image strip data,  or batch render one make at a time

Remove the image sequence  Not sure if this will work, could be dodgy removing parts of a scene before it is fully rendered. Add code after render op.

 sequences.remove(image_strip2)


Secondly create the strip once, and change image settings, rather than creating new strip each time. This is equivalent of how you are resetting font body. (py console example) added strip with some dummy image, changed directory and element (image) name to a real one. 

&gt;&gt;&gt; im = sequences.new_image("Dummy", filepath="/tmp/xxx.png", channel=2, frame_start=3)
&gt;&gt;&gt; im.directory
'/tmp/'

&gt;&gt;&gt; im.directory = '/home/batfinger/Desktop/'
&gt;&gt;&gt; len(im.elements)
1

&gt;&gt;&gt; im.elements[0].filename
'xxx.png'

&gt;&gt;&gt; im.elements[0].filename = "images.jpeg"
&gt;&gt;&gt; im.update() # required???


Thirdly, rather than loop the csv inside the script, could set up a blend file to render a single car make, pass the make string and images to it and run from some shell script.

How to pass command line arguments to a Blender Python script?

For batch scripts there is no need to call the exit operator, as this is default behaviour.