Generate colored faces texture from UVs
There is an addon called Export UV layout that allows you to export your UV unwrap layout as vertex and edges so you can draw over them in whatever graphics editing software you use. Not sure if that is enough or what you were looking for.

If that is not enough you could assign different materials to your object's faces with different colors as desired, bake it to a texture using your existing UV layout and the export that baked texture to Photoshop so you can paint/edit over it.
Alternatively you may also play around with cycles procedural materials, and create a setup that highlights your geometry details in an informative way (the geometry input node as some useful options) and then bake the resulting shader to a texture using the UV layout.