Values of the normal of a selected face
You'll need to :

import bpy


Then get the object you want :

obj = bpy.context.active_object #The active object
obj = bpy.data.objects['Cube'] #The object by its name


Then for the object information :

obj.location #Object position rotation, scale
obj.rotation
obj.scale


Object faces are in data.polygons :

p = obj.data.polygons[0]
p.select #Indicates if the face is selected
p.normal #The face normal
p.vertices #The vertices indexes


The vertices and their positions :

vIndex = p.vertices[0] #Index of the vertex from the face p
v=obj.data.vertices[vIndex] #The corresponding vertex object
v.co #Its coordinates


It can be a good way to learn how to navigate through the objects hierarchy using the Python console and CtrlSpace for auto completion and discover the object properties (in complement to the documentation) :