How do I disable the circular menus in 2.82 and get the 'classic' menus back?
The circular menu shown in the question is an optional shortcut.

The exact same feature is available in a classic drop down menu, either at the top left-hand side of the screen:



or with a right-click:



Wouldn't one of these options work for you? You can just ignore the new 'posh' version of the menu, and even disable its keyboard shortcut in the keybindings settings.