Black screen following me whenever I zoom out in blender
The clipping settings that ETHAN DAY mentioned in the comment are in the Sidebar of the Viewport. Just press place the mouse cursor in the viewport and press N to open the sidebar. Then choose the View tab. There you can adjust the clipping settings of the viewport.

Keep in mind that the camera (that is used to render the final image) has also clipping settings. You will find them in the Camera Properties (green camera tab on the options panel/right side).