Black Screen After Rendering
Your image viewer is set to the composite. If you use nodes in your composite, it's possible you forgot to connect your last node to the output. The composite will just show up black, like you showed. If you didn't want to use the compositor, just uncheck "use nodes" in the node editor.

To access the node editor, just click the farthest left button in the 3d view, then select node editor, and make sure it is set to the composite nodes.



Alternatively, you can just uncheck "compositing", under post processing in the properties pane: