Change an object's property's based on its name with python
You can do this using the below script:

import bpy

C= bpy.context
scene = C.scene

bpy.ops.object.select_all(action='DESELECT')
objname = 'Cube' ###### Add Name of object you want here ######
ob = bpy.data.objects[objname]
ob.select = True
scene.objects.active = ob
bpy.ops.object.particle_system_add()


Result:



A .blend file can be downloaded from here: