Blender UV mapping equivalent of disabling Normalize Map in 3ds Max
The Magic UV addon (available here) can be used to accomplish the desired result.

To install the Magic UV addon:


Place uv_magic_uv folder in the Blender/(version number)/scripts/addons folder.
In Blender, go to File > User Preferences > Add-ons.
Scroll down the list and enable "UV: Magic UV".


Use:


For a given texture intended to be X units by X units in size, make a reference square (e.g., the side of cube) of those dimensions.
Switch to the UV Editing screen layout.
UV map the square such that it occupies the entire UV area (no margin).
With the square selected, press U and select World Scale UV > Measure.
To apply the same scaling to other faces, select them, press U, and select World Scale UV > Apply.


A video demonstrating Magic UV's World Scale UV functionality is available here (recorded by Nutti, the creator of the addon).