How to run Blender from server?
As with any X11 based program you can run blender on a remote server and have it's windows displayed locally by using X11 forwarding. Over a local network this can work but won't give the same performance as a local copy of blender.

If you want to create a web based solution, I would start with building blender as a module and use webgl to draw in the browser. I doubt you could get full functionality this way but you may be able to setup a simple 3d editor using blender as the backend.