Can I use Weight Paint to Control Animation Properties?
I'm sure you could do this with weight paint, however, I think it might be overkill. Weight paint and dynamic paint is per vertex, and bullet collision settings are per object.

You can animate the constraint Enabled variable. and you can also add a driver.

The following code will work on an object I fractured using  Cell fracture, the object named "Cube". Then I used the Bullet Constraint tools 'Single constraint' to make the constraints.
This code won't work if you have used Empties to constrain the objects together.

Link to a blend file

Press alt A, you will see the box stays together.
Run the script (alt P in textblock) and then animate again. You will see the box stays together, until the plane moves above each object.

object_name = "Cube"

import bpy

for obj in bpy.data.objects:
    if  object_name+"_cell" in obj.name:
        driver = obj.rigid_body_constraint.driver_add('enabled')
        driver.driver.expression="this_obj&lt;mask_obj"
        driver_variable = driver.driver.variables.new()
        driver_variable.name = "this_obj"
        driver_variable.type = 'TRANSFORMS'
        driver_variable.targets[0].transform_type = 'LOC_Z'
        driver_variable.targets[0].id = driver_variable.id_data    

        driver_variable = driver.driver.variables.new()
        driver_variable.name = "mask_obj"
        driver_variable.type = 'TRANSFORMS'
        driver_variable.targets[0].transform_type = 'LOC_Z'
        driver_variable.targets[0].id = bpy.data.objects['mask']