How can I apply some kind of pattern on a mesh?
It's not clear if the shape itself is made of this repetitive pattern or if it's a round shape with an added line on its surface.
In the second case you can use the method I describe, except keep only the lines and create another object, a subdivided cylinder that will be deformed with the same Mesh Deform modifier, so that both the 2 objects, lines and cylinder, have the exact same shape.
In the first case, you could begin with a 16 vertex circle, keep only 7 of its vertices, duplicate, flip:

Extrude, flip, bevel:

Array along the X and the Z:

Use the Simple Deform modifier (Bend mode) to bend along the Z axis:

Use the Mesh Deform modifier to shape it: