Making sense of hair_key coordinates
Use evaluated object in 2.8+

Example for 2.8+ adds an empty at each hair key location. Note: since it adds an empty via op, test on an object with lowish hair count

import bpy

context = bpy.context
dg = context.evaluated_depsgraph_get()
# evaluated object
ob = context.object.evaluated_get(dg)
mw = ob.matrix_world

for p in ob.particle_systems[0].particles:
    for k in p.hair_keys:
        bpy.ops.object.empty_add(location=mw @ k.co)