Create rings for ringed planet procedurally
One way to do something similar is to get the length from the object center and apply a noise (random) texture on it.

The first three nodes:

Get the length from object origin (center of the disk)
Calculate a sinus of the length (alternate from -1 to 1)
Map it in positive values to -1/1 to 0/1

The next three nodes are about to add randomness and control over it:

Rgb curve to distort the mapping
Noise texture to get randomness
Color ramp to choose how the values are mapped