Baking physics on several machines / Combining cache
As far as I know this is fundamentally impossible.

Physics simulations are sequential data, that means each frame depends heavily on the previous one.

To calculate what happens at any given moment you need to know what happened before, so you must have position and status information about every intervening element in the simulation to know where they were and calculate where they will be next.

Without that you can't have just pull out of thin air how a simulation looks at a random point in time without knowing exactly how it was an instant before.

This makes it impossible for a computer to calculate "frame 100" from scratch without having frame 099, or 099 without 098, and so on till the beginning of the simulation from a known "rest position".