Eevee - Mesh light illuminating scene from within glass (i.e., light bulb)
Couple of things to note here.


Mesh lights do not work in EEVEE the same as Lights (mainly they do not cast shadows). I've pointed to it here: In Blender 2.8, how do I light an EEVEE scene with an HDR?
You can use Point Light to have effect you want without baking anything. Use Radius and Strength to manipulate it.
You need to turn on Screen Space Reflections with Refraction for your scene:


For the Glass material you need to properly set below options to be able to see light source and allow it to light the scene:


Keep Solidify modifier on the Bulb object. What is strange is that even with value 0 it is working fine :)