Configuring an object to ignore one light source
After some reading through documentation, which is currently not entirely precise on this particular topic, I have found out and proved in practice that the way to solve my problem is indeed using two view layers. My scene now includes two collections - one contains the first set of objects and their light source, the other one includes the object that is not to be receiving light from the first collection's light sources. The view layers then control the visibility of each collection and its contents. This means that during render, each view layer/collection is rendered separately, and both rendered outputs are then combined together in compositing.