How to use textures from texture tab with material shading
I couldn't tell if this is the way it was always meant to be, but a workaround could be to use the Texture Paint workspace. On the left panel you could create a new image and name it anything you want. In the Shader Editor, you add an Image Texture, browse to select the image you've named earlier and connect it with the Base Color of the Principled BSDF. At this point, in the Texture Paint workspace, you could paint using the earlier created Clouds brush from the Texture Properties either Image Editor or in the 3D Viewport, for perspective painting.