Is it possible to set different textures and/or UV maps for the same mesh?
Yes, you can layer multiple textures with multiple UV maps on a single object. Here I have a project from last year in which I did so. For this example, we'll look at the stitches ontop of the leather texture.
On the left is my default (base) UV map for the main texture. I've highlighted the strip where the stitches go so you can see how it changes on the next UV map.

To create a new UV map, simply click the &quot;+&quot; in the UV Maps section in the Object Data Properties Panel. Here is the second UV map for the stitches. As you can see I've straightened the UV islands. I've also shrunk down the rest of the UV's I don't need so they are out of the way (that's the black spot on the bottom right corner).

Once you have got these two UV maps, you'll need to load the node editor to combine the two. Here is my setup to combine the stitches and the leather:

You'll start with your Principled BSDF and Material Outpode node. Drag in the two image textures you plan to use and connect them to a MixRGB node (displayed as just Mix) as shown. Connect the Mix node to the Base Colour input on your Principled BSDF node. Finally, create an UV Map node, and edit its value to be the name of the UV map you want to layer on (not your base UV). Connect the UV output to the Vector input of the image to layer on.
I believe for the texture you layer on, you'll need to save it as a .png with everywhere except your texture being transparent.