Color palette as a replacement for the default color picker
Palettes are a rather nightmarish landscape because frankly, most folks don't understand what an encoded value represents.

That is, in software, an RGB triplet is an encoded representation of exactly two facets, both of which must be communicated via ancillary metadata beyond the three values themselves:


A value representing some degree of visual energy according to some typically unnamed and arbitrary scale. “What visual energy curve is applied to these values?”
Referencing typically unnamed and arbitrary coloured lights. “What colour of light do the three channels reference?”


That is, given an RGB triplet alone, you are missing the aforementioned two critical bits of metadata to decode an RGB triplet into meaningful data. Further, to close the loop, you would need the metadata of your existing context.

As you may have guessed, many palette formats store the arbitrary series of three values as their format, making the erroneous conclusion that such values have any meaning at all.

So the idea of a palette of swatches that has some meaning when used with some other arbitrary list of values is sadly delusional; in order to achieve this you must have an iron fisted controlled colour managed pipeline.

Pantone too suffers from this. Pantone is useful in so far that it references a series of spot printing inks. But how to communicate how a particular Pantone ink appears on a given paper under a given illuminant? A proper colour managed pipeline can accommodate this, but a random triplet of RGB values from some table or horrible website is woefully inadequate. It is a fool's errand and those that frequently seek such solutions by meticulously copying and pasting those RGB encoded values eventually wake up from the chemically induced haze and realize the complexity of any such endeavour.

In the end, there are tremendously complex transforms from a display referred subtractive system such as Pantone to a scene referred additive system such as the reference space that Cycles uses. Could you foreseeable bridge the two? Plausibly, but it would require quite a grasp on colour management and an application thereof.

TL;DR: Find precise chromaticity values for any given series of swatches in xyY and identify the illuminant / white point for the values. Transform the values to your working reference space, whatever it happens to be within your renderer. In Cycles default for example, this is assumed to be REC.709 lights with a D65 white point. Another option is to use an “All in one” RGB image (such as those used for 3D LUT generation), transform it carefully from the colourspace required to the destination, and then sample from that image.