Are there any special considerations for using Blender on Linux?
The question is vague, but off hand here are some things to consider.

Compatibility


Make sure your hardware is supported,some hardware has poor support or is completely unsupported.Note: at the time of writing, NVIDIA has much better support for GPU rendering then any other hardware, but this may change with newer drivers &amp; hardware.
Path names are case sensitive (if you share projects with ms-windows systems you need to take care of this, since ms-windows is case insensitive).
Unlike OSX, Linux doesn't support Quicktime codecs. This means some formats (such as gif) can't be loaded. Though Blender uses FFMPEG which supports many video formats (input &amp; output).


Performance


Linux (and associated tool-chain) has been proven to be faster in some areas (many users report faster render times with Cycles for example). But this depends on your exact configuration.The ability to run Blender with no graphical desktop to use all available memory can be an advantage too (especially for render farms).
Blender for Linux takes advantage of a high performance memory allocator (jemalloc), which is less prone to memory fragmentation, see:


jemalloc home page
Sintel, Blender Jemalloc benchmarks
how-does-jemalloc-work-what-are-the-benefits

Some of Blender's code takes advantage of compiler optimizations which aren't available in Microsoft's compiler (MSVC): (explicit branch reordering with __builtin_expect and more efficient macros with statement expressions).
Greater choice for compilers (GCC, Clang, IntelC++) are supported on Linux, but only MSVC is supported on ms-windows.


With the ability to boot of an external drive, you can test how well Linux runs and that it supports your hardware, before installing onto your system.



Notes:


some of the advantages I've listed for Linux are also advantages for MacOSX, FreeBSD
MS-Windows+MSVC are also advanced technologies and undoubtedly have some advantages over Linux+GCC..or other compilers... (your-mileage-may-vary).
The questioner askes about Ubuntu, however this is not really an important detail, (pros/cons apply to other popular distros too).