stop render from console?
To my knowledge there isn't really a good way to do this from a single Blender process. But I will give a few suggestions how it can be done.

Option 1: Render in a subprocess

This can be done using render farm or net rendering software. The idea is that your master will then create the scene that needs to be rendered, save the scene to disk and use python to start a sub process to do the actual rendering.

Option 2: Construct the scene in a subprocess

A variant of the previous version where the master will create a python script with how to construct the scene and perform the rendering. You can then start blender as a subprocess to the the scene constructing + actual rendering. The subprocess can be stopped by python script.

Option 3: Sample Batch Rendering

With sample batch rendering you will render a number of samples. (15 for example) and after 15 samples when you want to continue you offset the seed and render the next 15 samples. and do that until all the samples have been rendered. During the rendering you can combine the renders using the compositor, python script or external image tool. You could also do that from a master blender process.

The open movie spring was rendered this way so at an early stage of rendering you could check if all textures could be found.