Particle Collision Object for some particles but not others?
Yes, you can place particle system and collider objects on multiple and separate layers, and they will only respond to the layer(s) that they are in.

Example blend file:



Note: The blend file didn't require the objects to be on multiple layers to achieve the requested effect , but just to be complete, to place objects on more than one layer, select the object, press m, then press Shift and Left Mouse click on additional layers.

Can also be done in the Properties Area > Object tab > Relations panel.