Why is my material in cycles rendering as as multiple images instead of covering the surface properly?
"I decided to re-topologize the mesh" there is your trouble, look at the UV map for the re-topologized mesh. You will probably find that the new UV map looks nothing like the old UV map.
Because I do not know the process you used to UV unwrap your mesh, I can not advise you on how to do in on your new mesh.