blender 2.79 : Even after fresh install, no filmic color management options present
GOOD NEWS: SOLVED!

I figured it out: I am having three shortcuts that open blender. 1) Windows Startmenu, 2) Link on my desktop, 3) A shortcut on my ObjectDock Bar.
The latter is a Mac-style start bar  (by Stardock).
When I am starting blender from the ObjectDock shortcut, it seems to start blender in a different environment / with different permissions, where I am not aware what it is in detail (it is not the working directory).
- I started blender 10 times from there and had no filmic option available.
- I started blender 10 times from the desktop and startmenu and every time the options showed up as expected.
It was difficult to figure that out, because I randomly used one of these three shortcuts - so I randomly had the issue.
THANKS!