Eevee - Crashes on render if render size too big
From the Limitations page:

Memory Management
As of now Eevee uses OpenGL, and GPU Memory management is done by the OpenGL driver. In theory, only the needed textures and meshes (now referred as “the resources”) for a single draw call (i.e. one object) needs to fit into the GPU memory.
In practice, using too much GPU memory can make the GPU driver crash, freeze, or kill the application. So be careful of what you ask.

It is possible the EEVEE crashed on the VRAM size, if the single draw call need more RAM than the VRAM actually have.
The sharing from system main RAM is kind of storage, while the shader program (OpenGL) need all the resources stored in your GPU RAM to run that program. Like a warehouse(RAM) and workshop(VRAM), you can't directly use the thing stored in warehouse.
And the 512 MB is quite small for nowayday OpenGL application, Blender may not focus on these light weight devices support for now, nor does full feature OpenGL. So try to limit some setting in EEVEE to make it fit to 512MB.