How would I go about making water shoot out of a pipe rather than just flow out?
If you don't need a physically accurate simulation or continuity with the water coming out of the pipe you could fake it with particles instead.

Use a particle system on an emitter placed at the end of the tube (a simple plane should suffice).

Add a Metaball object as particle object, adjust size and resolution as desired. You can then control how far the water jet shoots by controlling the Velocity > Normal property of the particle system.