Why render differs from 3D viewport camera view in depth
Since 3D viewport camera view use the same clipping parametr as final render (so there is not a reason to think clipping is issue).
I think your problem layes in disabled Plane object in Outliner editor that is not disabled from rendering.

Click on Filter icon and click on Camera icon to see what objects are set to be rendered. Ensure if this object is OFF from rendering as well.