Anton Balazh Ocean Material
I think the simplest solution here is to use your ocean depth map as a transmission input on a principled shader node. Apply it also to Subsurface Strength. Then you can change the subsurface color to that pretty cyan shade. For additional depth, duplicate the node with the depth map only applied to transmission on the second one, and play with the strength slider and base color until you get that really dark blue you're after. Then mix the two together using the depth map again to drive the mix shader.

Alternately, if you don't have a separate depth map, you can come close enough for your purposes by making a black-and-white image based on the satellite information you have. You can always adjust the strength with a color ramp in Blender.