Using pointiness and bevel at same time
Unfortunately no, I don't think there is a good way to do this.

As far as I know the Pointiness atribute relies on actual final geometry to work, thus can' be faked if the geometry is not really sharp.

For this specific shape You could try and fake it with a gradient texture centered of the object. It's an approximation, but with a little tweaking may achieve good results.

Just add a Gradient node connected to the Generated socket and adjust its positioning with a Vector node by [-0.05,-0.05,-0.05]. You can use a Color Ramp to adjust the progression.

You may also combine by color-mixing several different linear gradients to achieve an effect of a gradient starting from every edge.