Can a Lotus Kalam be done in Blender?
If the question is not about mathematical accuracy, that can be done easily with a curve (or some segments), a circular array and a weld modifier, as you mentioned in the question.

Start with a curve circle, in edit mode open it (toggle cyclic) and shift it from the center.
Add an array modifier, with 9 occurrencies, set it to &quot;object&quot; and use an empty as object. Rotate the empty 40 degrees (360 / 9).
Add a weld modifier with a relatively large distance (that makes the next step easier).
Now adjust the &quot;open circle&quot; extremities so that they join.
If you want it in 3d, move the two other vertices up and down.


You can also do something similar starting from a mesh: