How to create a 3D figure with turtle graphic style commands
The Blender User Interface is written in Python, and Python 3.4 is included in the most recent (2.76b as of this writing) distribution of Blender. I see from this page that Python has up through release 3.5 included an implementation of Turtle graphics, so the answer to your question is a qualified "Yes", though it might be that you have to do some fiddling around with the Python implemented in Blender to obtain this capability.