Light path Transparent/Diffuse Depth
Volume shaders should provide the desired result. 





1) Create a solid geometry for the volume. Make sure the volume does not touch anything on the interior. In this case, the blob on the cylinder had a Boolean added to remove the interior, then the original cylinder was hidden. A slight smaller copy of the cylinder was used in the rendering.




2) Use a combination of the surface shaders and volume shaders for the material. The surface shaders should be mostly transparent so the volume effects are apparent.