Set color of Blender object based on external data (e. g. temperature) using a colormap
In this case you have a predefined range 10 ... 90 degrees, it's simple to remap those to a 0....1.
Using a Cycles material
You could give each object a Value Node and key-frame its values within a range 0 ... 1, then convert them via a ColorRamp node to your Jet colormap (here quickly defined by hand).

Octave Gradients (add-on)

I wrote a little add-on that can recreate Octave/Matlab default gradients: Get it here. Installation can be done using the zip on github and Blender's Install from File feature in User Preferences. {category: 'Node', name: 'octave gradients'}
This adds a panel called Octave Gradient Demo to the Cycles node view.
From here you can choose the gradient by name, it will display the colors in the same panel.

The set gradient button will write the gradient to a ColorRamp if it finds one in the current material, else it adds a ColorRamp and then fills it with the gradient info.

The location of the newly added ColorRamp is a contentious issue, how would I decide where to add it? for now i've set it to add the node to (0,0).

Notice i've defaulted it to Linear, but gradient might be smoother.

Choices:

Usage


enable addon
make sure renderer is set to cycles
click an object, and create a new node based material
get a view open to see the nodes for the material
in the right side panel (use N to show the shelf) you'll see the Octave Gradient Demo panel.
initially this will show all black ramp slots until you change the palette from the dropdown.
If you haven't already added a ColorRamp node to the current Material, that's OK the set gradient button adds a ramp for you (but it might not be visible, zoom out if not)