Can i render particles from one object on 2 different render layers?
There are no settings to define which render layer a particle system is render on, the particles will all show on the same layer as the emitting object.

You could setup multiple objects, each with their own particle system and placed on a separate layer so you can render them separately. By using the same mesh, the particles can emit from the same positions and parenting the duplicate objects to the main object will let you move them all together. You can also disable selection of the duplicates so you can only select the parent object. The particle systems on each duplicate object would then have the render emitter disabled to prevent them from showing in the render, so you don't get z-fighting.