Restore mesh data layers (specifically UV) after non-destructive Remesh modifier?
It looks like this is a known bug. For now, the below workaround does the job.

Hm. Okay. So I haven't found a way to restore mesh data layers onto any object which has an active Remesh modifier in its modifier stack.
But by abusing the &quot;Caps&quot; settings on an Array modifier (or similarly abusing a Boolean modifier), it is possible to non-destructively transfer the remeshed geometry onto a clean, empty object that does have the required data layers. From there, modifiers which require mesh data layers seem to work as usual.