How to create good topology without changing the flow
I think you should consider applying subdivision modifier to the sphere so you have more vertices to work with and then extrude to top bit, it will make your model a bit higher on the vertex count but it let you manipulate the model more easily.

besides that check some tutorials about edge flow (there are a lot not blender related but when it comes to topology it doesn't matter what software you are using), I recommend Arrimus 3D he is amazing (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSLLdTBwLMfTKWS56tOiQpw)

and the most important video on the subject .. https://vimeo.com/10941211 by Grant Warwick

hope it helps