Rendering only affecting some faces
These are the shading effects visible on the mesh. They were added with Tangent Shading from the Materials > Shading rollout.



From the manual:


  Tangent Shading
      Use the material’s tangent vector instead of the normal for shading - for anisotropic shading effects (e.g. soft hair and brushed metal). 


You could see on the preview white line across the ball. Once you turn off the option the preview will be changed.
When unchecked the mesh will be rendered as usual:



If you unwrap the mesh, the tangent shading will use the UV map to define the direction of shading and it won't be interrupted as it is in the original file. See related topic - Strange anisotropic artifacts?