Console flashes on launching, then closes (ms-windows)
More than likely the problem is that your startup.blend and or userpref.blend file was corrupted. To fix this, just navigate to the user settings directory and delete them.

On Windows, the directory is located at 
C:\Users\USER_NAME\AppData\Roaming\Blender Foundation\Blender\2.xx\config. See this post for more information on how to locate this directory on your os. This can work for both portable copies and installations.

OR

When uninstalling the program, tick Remove all files (second option) to make it delete the directory and then reinstall.



The next time you start Blender, it should start normally and if you tweak the interface and or change the user preferences and save them, it will write out new copies of these files with your new settings.