Edit mode cursor is too small too see
They removed it for 2.83. Users were complaining that it didn't scale well, and I don't think it worked on mac at all (the checkbox was there, but the cursors did not obey).
What they opted to do was remove, and relegate control of all the cursors back to the OS.
In windows 10 you adjust it like this (for some reason the cursor does not appear on screenshots - you'll just have to take my word for it):