Scientific texture analysis
This doesn't help you analyze your texture, but it'll at least get you projecting it on the sphere.


Add a UV-Sphere to your scene

Switch to front-view (1) and set camera view Ctrl+Alt+0

In edit mode, use box-select (B) to select the vertices visible from the front, then UV-Unwrap, selecting "Project From View"

In the UV/Image Editor window with your vertices still selected, open one of your images and scale the UV-unwrapped mesh to fit

Add a material to your sphere, using your image sequence

Switch to rendered view, and see your image projected onto the sphere