Cycles procedural texture appears in preview, but disappears in final render
So it appears the pointiness output's effect in the Geometry node is significantly reduced when you increase the subsurf modifier. Multiplying the effect of the mask from the pointiness factor would likely solve the problem as well but for this particular instance simply reducing the subsurf back down to 2 subdivisions rather than the initial 4 that I was using was sufficient to get the effect I wanted.

So to sum it up, pointiness reduces with subsurf, so multiply its effect or reduce the subsurf.