How to model slice shaped circular wedge?
You could use your geometrical pattern as background blueprint, then:


Create a circle, extrude inwards (as suggested by the other answers, the Spin or Screw tools might be more convenient ways to create the initial shape):





Only keep a segment and delete its inner faces:






Extrude upwards, don't forget to recalculate the normals:





Give it thickness with the Solidify modifier (enable the Even Thickness option), or altE to Extrude along Normals and enable the Offset Even option in the Operator box: