Coordinates limitation in edit mode. How to change it?
The limit is a function of the design of the software, and as far as I know, cannot be turned off. The maximum dimensions of an object are 20,000 blender units, that is from -10,000 to +10,000, in each axis. While in many cases, a blender unit is defined by the use to be equal to a meter, it need not be, and is sometimes defined to be another unit, for example, an AU, or a KM. Complicating the use you wish to use for Blender, there is also a minimum precision in Blender, in that the smallest units supported are -.000005 and +.000005.

How best to deal with the limitations posed by these design choices involves considering the use to which you intend to use your meshes.