Is it possible to import the outline or profile of something from a picture to use as a line in a wireframe?
What you want to achieve can perfectly be done in Blender but there's a few caveats and things to have in mind before proceeding.

The first one is you can't use the images directly to model, you have to convert them into something usable as actual geometry in Blender.

You can import you images in a variety of ways


As an empty Add > Empty Image





As a textured plane File > Import > Image as Planes (make sure you activate the addon in the user preferences)
As a background images 3D View > Properties Shelf > Background Image


The real challenge here will be setting them to the correct size

As for the geometry itself

You can use bezier curves to easily trace over your shapes, they are the most adequate type of geometry for this type of shape, however they will make it a lot harder to actually model the shape of your airplane in 3D with a desirable topology in the future.



If you still like this method you can use the BSurfaces Addon to help you create the shapes from the bezier curves with correct topology

Ideally you would trace the shape of your sections with a mesh, taking care to always use the same number of segments over all cross sections, so that you can have a clean topology over your model in the end.



I have to leave a word of warning as final though, even though Blender is totally capable of doing this sort of work if you are looking for precision, and easy smooth surface transitions without having to care for topology and sewing seams, CAD-like solid modeling or NURBS based software are much more adequate tools for this sort of work.