Is Blender suitable for this project?
I think Blender is perfect for your project, you can do all the math with Python, and if you don't know the language it's very easy to learn, even if you don't have programming experience before because it doesn't have a complex syntaxis. 

If you don't want to use code for it or it isn't as complicated then I think Blender is still the best choice because you can easily transform an object an exact number of degrees and come back to change that number as many times as you want, and the graph window for the animation curves has also great tools. Also, if you need some measurements that you can't get with vanilla Blender, I bet you can easily find an addon that does that.

Also, it's free and has extensive documentation.