Use custom texture multiple times with different settings
When you say different settings, do you mean just different orientations and scale or different tweaks to colors and normals (height, roughness, etc)?
If it's just different scale and orientation, you can alter your UV mesh orientation and scale, without changing your texture's mapping coordinates.
If it's different tweaks to colors and normals, you should copy the texture, as any change will alter its appearance everywhere in the scene.