scaling mesh and armature
The bone wouldn't follow your modifications in edit-mode (unless maybe with specific constraints, which you would have to set manually). 

So the bone would have to be manually adjusted (in edit-mode, not pose-mode) to follow. 

Another approach would be to modify (scale for example) your bone in pose-mode. The associated parts of the mesh would follow the bone (if your vertex groups/bones associations are set up properly).

It's not easy to give you an "advice" because we don't really know what you want to do. You're only asking "If I do A, does it imply B ?". So answers are limited to yes/no.

For an advice, you should probably directly ask something like "In the context C, what are my options for doing D ?". Here we have part of C, but no real idea about D.