How to achieve this kind of custom brush in Blender?
Following the suggestion in the previous answers, I made the brush to work closing to the ZBrush.

I used a SculpDraw with a custom Texture and Rake activated.

Stroke Method to Space and set the space to 30%, in this case.

I tested in a double subdivided cube and I used a Multiresolution modifier with a value of 6.

Unfortunately, it does not work well on too close curves, but I think it's a good start.

Also, I'm providing a screenshot of my Blender setup.

Just in case, I'm using the 2.79b version.