Deficit: can be seen as a return?
None of these. Your measure is very different from the deficit. But, more generally, if this is all you know, you can't calculate it. You would also have to know GDP or the debt. Here is an example to show that it does not work:

+------+------+---------+------+-------------+--------------+
| YEAR |  GDP | Deficit | Debt | Debt to GDP | Your Measure |
+------+------+---------+------+-------------+--------------+
| 2011 |  100 |      10 |   10 | 10%         |              |
| 2012 |  110 |      12 |   22 | 20%         |            1 |
| 2013 |  120 |      14 |   36 | 30%         |          0.5 |
+------+------+---------+------+-------------+--------------+