What are good advanced textbooks to learn mathematics for economist?
In my honest opinion the best book in this regard is fundamental methods of mathematical economics by Chiang and Wainwright.
It starts at the very basics and then goes all the way up to dynamic optimisation, also covering linear algebra, matrices, advanced calculus  topics such as implicit functions and equation solving at all levels.
Combined with a fine and clear step by step writing style and lots of examples and exercises I find it really a good book.