Present-bias vs future-bias
The tradeoff between work and leisure has been extensively studied.
I would start with the wikipedia entries on labor supply: 


  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_supply
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_economics#Neoclassical_microeconomic_model_.E2.80.94_Supply


If you are looking for more complex articles, Heckman in particular studies this, but it is econometrically heavy for undergraduates.

Note that there are two different effects you are asking about. First, you are looking for an economic explanation or model of why people find themselves regretting the amount of work they are doing after the fact. Depending on how you define regret, this can be modeled by allowing the agents to be surprised by their own mortality or other statuses.  They will, after the fact, wish they had not valued the money so highly!

Secondly, you are looking for agents who explicitly value money tomorrow more than today. Awkwardly, the literal interpretation of this will not get the behavior you are looking for. If agents actually valued having money tomorrow more than today, they would never spend money and only save it! But, it is perfectly possible that agents value the money in the future too much, just not more than today.  If this still describes what you are looking for, you should take a look at inter-temporal choice, particularly hyperbolic discounting.


  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertemporal_choice


To help exemplify this second point, let us consider the case of normal discounting rates $\beta$, where each period is worth a fraction of the prior period, say $\beta=1/2$ the value. The value from now to forever is:


  $=1*0.5^0+1*0.5^1+1*0.5^2+....$
  
  $=1/(1-0.5)=2$ by infinitely repeated fractions.


But what if $\beta$ is greater than 1? Say $\beta=1.1$?


  $=1*1.1^0+1*1.1^1+1*1.1^2+...1*1.1^{999}+...$ 
  diverges to $\infty$ by sum of infinitely repeated values, a sign of problems to
  come.