Why did it take so much QE by the ECB to raise the Eurozone inflation to 2%?
Because commercial banks have used injected liquidities to consolidate their balance sheet instead of stimulating demands by creating credits (that did not previously exist when they make loans). This is called the money multiplier effect. The multiplier was somehow blocked (to ~$1$) because of their precaution behaviour, and so was the money velocity.

On March 10, 2016, the ECB has even considered the possibility of giving 200€ per month and per person to stimulate inflation. And this with the main idea of circumventing the commercial-bank system. This unconventional monetary policy is called monetary helicopter.