Optimal population allocation layout over the Earth
The closest I can find to what I believe you’re looking for would be the biocapacity map of the Global Footprint Network. They don't seem to publish granular spatial data, i.e. where in a country its biocapacity is located.
Note, however, that actual economic activity does not correspond to local biocapacity because high density stock energy (fossil fuel) can be transported to population centres. (Source)