How popular are alternative standard of living measures amongst economists?
This question is somewhat subjective but I'll attempt to provide an answer.

Real GDP is a very useful concept in economics. It provides a very good indicator on the size of an economy. It does have its limitations, some of which you have described.

Many economists are interested in measuring populations in different ways. At the moment, social mobility and inequality are getting a lot of attention. In analysing these issues, there is not as much value in observing the real GDP figure. Further treatment needs to be done.

Essentially, on a macroeconomic scale, GDP is very useful. When the analysis looks at individuals and concepts like welfare, it takes a far less prominent role in the analysis and other indicators are more commonly used.