Is it possible to use common household ingredients to create resin?
According to Wikipedia, resin is:


  In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a solid or highly
  viscous substance of plant or synthetic origin that is typically
  convertible into polymers. Resins are usually mixtures of organic
  compounds. This article focuses on naturally-occurring resins.


The article references plants which secrete resin for protection. The synthetic aspect of resin covers epoxy and polyurethane resins, more commonly used for casting.

It is likely that you would be unable to create sufficient quantities of plant based resins for casting in molds.

As a more generic answer, one could use gelatin to cast items, but the physical properties may be insufficient for your purposes. Gelatin is not known for durability nor for physical strength.