Can tin(IV) sulfide be synthesized from tin(II) chloride via oxidation with sulfite in acidic media?
Yes, the reaction

$$\ce{2 Na2SO3 + 6 SnCl2 + 12 HCl → 4 NaCl + 5 SnCl4 + SnS2 + 6 H2O}$$

is described in chapter 35.6.4 Reactions of chalcogen oxo-compounds of the Russian translation [1, p. 526] of Blumenthal's Anorganikum 10th Ed. (in German).
Unfortunately, I don't posses original German edition, so the following is my English translation of the procedure:


  To the 0.5 M solution of $\ce{SnCl2}$ in 12 M $\ce{HCl}$ in three test tubes 0.2 M solutions containing $\ce{SO3^2-}$, $\ce{SeO3^2-}$ and $\ce{TeO3^2-}$ are added. In all three tubes precipitations of $\ce{SnS2}$, $\ce{Se}$, and $\ce{Te}$, respectively, are formed.


Original Russian text:


  К 0.5 M раствору $\ce{SnCl2}$ в 12 M $\ce{HCl}$, находящемуся в трех пробирках, 
  приливают 0.2 M растворы, содержащие $\ce{SO3^2-}$, $\ce{SeO3^2-}$ и $\ce{TeO3^2-}$. Во всех трех пробирках наблюдается выпадение осадков, которые представляют со­бой $\ce{SnS2}$, $\ce{Se}$ и $\ce{Te}$ соответственно.


References


G. Blumenthal, S. Engels, I. Fitz, W. Haberditzl, K.-H. Heckner, G. Henrion, R. Landsberg, W. Schmidt, G. Scholz, P. Starke, I. Wilke, K.-Th. Wilke Anorganikum: Lehr- und Praktikumsbuch der anorganischen Chemie mit einer Einführung in die physikalische Chemie; Ed. of Russian translation: L. Kolditz; Mir: Moscow, 1984; Vol. 1.