Can organomercury compounds synthesize accidentally from household cleaning products?
Unfortunately, you seem to have already broken some of the protocols of cleaning up a broken CFL according to the EPA's website.

According to this site:


  Vacuuming is not recommended unless broken glass remains after all other cleanup steps have been taken.  Vacuuming could spread mercury-containing powder or mercury vapor.


Also according to data from a study of the effect of the breakage of CFLs performed by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection:


  Mercury concentration in the study room air often exceeds the Maine Ambient Air Guideline (MAAG) of 300 nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3) for some period of time, with short excursions over 25,000 ng/m3, sometimes over 50,000 ng/m3, and possibly over 100,000 ng/m3 from the breakage of a single compact fluorescent lamp.


and also:


  Vacuuming a carpet where a lamp has broken and been visibly cleaned up, even weeks after the cleanup, can elevate the mercury readings over the MAAG in an un-vented room.


At the end of the report, it states that although mercury vapor is extremely toxic:


  ...it is unclear what the exact health risks are from exposure to low levels of elemental mercury...


It seems as though the best course of action you could take now would be to ventilate the room and if possible your house extremely well for several hours, and to avoid vacuuming any more.