Calculation of concentration at equilibrium for extraction
I'd like first to answer your question:

My question is, when writing the formula for $K_\mathrm{D}$, is the organic phase always in the numerator and the aqueous phase in the denominator?

The answer is yes. The IUPAC Recommendations 1993 (Ref.1) defines Partition Ratio ($K_\mathrm{D}$) as follows (also see the Goldbook):

Partition Ratio ($K_\mathrm{D}$): The ratio of the concentration of a substance in a single definite form, $\mathrm{A}$, in the extract to its concentration in the same form in the other phase at equilibrium, e.g. for an aqueous/organic system.
$$(K_\mathrm{D})_\mathrm{A} = \frac{[\mathrm{A}]_\mathrm{org}}{[\mathrm{A}]_\mathrm{aq}}$$

Thus, if you have used equal volumes of organic and aqueous phases, the equation you can set up to solve is:
$$(K_\mathrm{D})_\mathrm{A} = \frac{[\mathrm{A}]_\mathrm{org}}{[\mathrm{A}]_\mathrm{aq}}= \frac{[\mathrm{PhOH}]_\mathrm{org,eq}}{[\mathrm{PhOH}]_\mathrm{aq, initial}-\mathrm{PhOH}]_\mathrm{org,eq}} \\ =\frac{[\mathrm{PhOH}]_\mathrm{org,eq}}{\pu{1.5 \times 10^{-2} M}-[\mathrm{PhOH}]_\mathrm{org,eq}}= 14 \tag{1}$$
When you solve the equation $(1)$ for $[\mathrm{PhOH}]_\mathrm{org,eq}$, you get your answer:
$$[\mathrm{PhOH}]_\mathrm{org,eq} =\frac{\pu{1.5 \times 10^{-2} M} \times 14}{15}= \pu{1.4 \times 10^{-2} M} $$
Hence, $[\mathrm{PhOH}]_\mathrm{aq,eq} = \pu{1.5 \times 10^{-2} M} - \pu{1.4 \times 10^{-2} M} =  \pu{1.0 \times 10^{-3} M}$
Note: If you perform extraction in different volumes of aqueous and organic phases, you should read this Wikipedia article to get help for solution.
References:

N. M. Rice, H. M. N. H. Irving, M. A. Leonard, &quot;Nomenclature for liquid-liquid distribution (solvent extraction) (IUPAC Recommendations 1993),&quot; Pure &amp; App. Chem. 1993, 65(11), 2373-2396 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199365112373).