Wax and oil polish on wood
Mineral oil serially penetrates the wood to render its surface hydrophobic.  Nothing eats mineral oil and it does not easily oxidize (go rancid).  It is also the solvent vehicle to transport beeswax (plasticizer, compatibilizer, internal soft sealant) and the hard wax surface sealant. Nothing polymerizes (re linseed or tung oil) or chemically bonds to the wood.  All three are FDA GRAS.

Like dissolves like.  While the surface will be sealed against polar materials and provide no food for bacteria and fungi of itself (and absence of water is a good biostat), it can imbibe fats and oils.  Butcher block surfaces and such are best made of dense oily woods that are naturally sealed against water.  Top them off.  Lignin is a fair antibacterial and antifungal agent.  Polyethylene cutting boards have higher sustained levels of viable bugs than do wood cutting boards.

http://faculty.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/faculty/docliver/Research/cuttingboard.htm