Solubility experiment of different organic compounds
Carboxylic acids easily react with bases forming salts, which are ionic compounds and are usually readily dissolve in polar solvents such as water, which obviously makes 95% of your base solution.

Carbonyl compounds are easily dissolved in strong sulfuric acid as 1) a reaction may take place, introducing -SO3H group to position 3 of aromatic ring of respective carbonyl compound; and 2) a strong acid can form hydrogen bonds with carbonyl oxygen. In both cases affinity of carbonyl compounds towards sulfuric acid is increased.