Atmopsheric Gas IR-Spectra
Completely symmetrical diatomic molecules like $\ce{O2}$ and $\ce{N2}$ are not IR-active because they have a zero dipole moment, even when oscillating within their one vibrational mode. Hence, there is no change in dipole moment possible, so these molecules will not be detectable by IR. The other molecules you mention, however, are IR-active, and I was able to find spectra of all three in the NIST database.

There are other spectroscopic methods that can detect IR-inactive molecules, however. Raman spectroscopy may be applicable, and I'm dimly aware of sophisticated methods based on absorptions in electronically excited states, but I don't know nearly enough about the subject to offer any concrete information on those techniques.