What compound(s) contribute to bleach's smell and are they dangerous?
Bleach is alkaline sodium hypochlorite solution, that eventually soaked inside the wood and is gradually releasing gaseous chlorine.
It is merely just disturbing and eventually irritating mucous tissues in longer term, not really dangerous. Some chlorinated public pools have strong chlorine smell as well, being smelled from swimming suit for long time until washed in the wash machine.
A countermeasure could by applying suitable diluted reducing solution, like ascorbic acid, pyrosulfite, thiosulphate ( big crystals from photo fixers ) or similar, that would react with hypochlorite and chlorine.
Questionable can be applicability on wood surface for estetic reasons. But if bleach was applied, this should not make things worse.