Differential equation for the rate of unimolecular reaction
To start with, the equation you wrote for the rate of change of $[A]$ is not correct. It should instead be 

$$-\frac{d[A]}{dt}=k_{1}[A][M]-k_{2}[A^*][M].$$

Note that $[A]$ is consumed in the first reaction step and produced in the second. Now, rearrange equation $(1)$ to get

$$k_{1}[A][M]=[A^*](k_{2}[M]+k_{3}).$$

Plug in the above equation into the actual expression for $-d[A]/dt$ to get

$$-\frac{d[A]}{dt}=[A^*](k_{2}[M]+k_{3})-k_{2}[A^*][M].$$

This, of course, can be simplified to yield the desired equation $(2)$:

$$-\frac{d[A]}{dt}=k_{3}[A^*].$$