Why is there a doublet instead of a singlet in this Wittig reaction salt configuration NMR?
Phosphorous exists entirely as $\ce{^31P}$, and $\ce{^31P}$ has a magnetic moment of 1/2 (just like a proton). Therefore, a single phosphorous will split any protons coupled to it into a doublet - as you observed. If you looked at the corresponding $\ce{^31P}$ NMR spectrum you would see that the phosphorous signal would be split into a triplet by the two protons.