Why are different colors, according to sugar concentration observed in Benedict's test?
Benedict's Reagent is just simply $\ce{Cu^2+}$ ions in the form of copper citrate. When Benedict's Reagent finds an aldose (a sugar with an aldehyde group), it can oxidize the aldose to a carboxylic acid. For example:



Since D-Glucose is oxidized, Cu is reduced to a red precipitate ($\ce{Cu2O}$). The colors range form green to red because the original Copper Citrate ($\ce{C6H8Cu2O7^4+}$) is blue in color.

Source: Quora