How to Find Each Element in Nature
The Wikipedia page for each element is probably the easiest place to start with. If you want some significantly more in-depth data, the USGS publishes free-access mineral commodity summaries on many (but not all) elements, including information about their origin, abundance and applications. Other good sources are books, especially descriptive inorganic chemistry books, such as a few of John Emsley's publications including Nature's Building Blocks and The Elements, as well as many other college-level inorganic chemistry texts.