Reaction between ammonia and iron
In fact metallic Iron doesn't react directly with ammonia. However ammonia can influence the corrosion process because tend to increase the pH. From the Wikipedia Pourbaix diagram (below) you can see which are the products of a corrosion at an higher pH.Of course the pH of you solution depends on the ammonia concentration of your solution (a 1.0 M ammonia aqueous solution has a pH of about 11). 


Corrosion is in fact inhibited at higher pH, and the products of the corrosion are not specific of the ammonia reaction, so (I think) is hard do identify the presence of ammonia from the corrosion process.
Furthermore ammonia is in fact a gas and many of the compounds it forms tend to became ammonia (e.g. ammonium carbonate) and then flow away. However I think that there are many chances that some ammonium salts are produce by the reaction with other species, (e.g. acids) present in the surface of the metal or in the environment.
In this case you can look for ammonium ions: $\ce{NH_4^{+}}$ you can identify them with a Ion chromatography or with Nessler's reagent (keep in mind that Nessler's reagent contain mercurium $\ce{Hg}$ so is toxic and not very environmental friendly) that detects even ammonia trace.