Thermodynamics: Combining the 1st and 2nd Law
Starting with $$dH=TdS+VdP\tag{1}$$H is a function of T and P, so$$dH=\left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial T}\right)_PdT+\left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial P}\right)_TdP\tag{2}$$Substituting Eqn. 2 into Eqn. 1,
$$\left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial T}\right)_PdT+\left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial P}\right)_TdP=TdS+VdP\tag{3}$$But, from the definition of $C_p$, $$C_p\equiv \left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial T}\right)_P \tag{4}$$Substituting Eqn. 4 into Eqn. 3 gives:$$C_pdT+\left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial P}\right)_TdP=TdS+VdP\tag{5}$$Solving for dS then gives the desired relationship.