Do aldehydes give bromine water test?
The answer is yes. Aldehydes will decolourise bromine water.

The oxidation of aldehydes to acids is discussed in this answer Does Br2/H2O oxidize all aldehydes?

In addition alpha-bromination of the aldehyde via the acid catalysed bromination of the enol is a well-documented process. https://chem.libretexts.org/LibreTexts/Athabasca_University/Chemistry_360%3A_Organic_Chemistry_II/Chapter_22%3A_Carbonyl_Alpha-Substitution_Reactions/22.03_Alpha_Halogenation_of_Aldehydes_and_Ketones

http://www.chem.ucalgary.ca/courses/350/Carey5th/Ch18/ch18-3-1.html