How do I figure out the amount of water (mL) and amount of Aluminum (g)?
The first step you need to take is to determine the moles of your copper sulphate.

This is simple arithmetic. $$moles = \frac{mass}{molar.weight}$$
The mass of the substance is your measured 5 grams. The molar mass of your compound can be obtained from Wikipedia. In this case, anhydrous copper sulphate has a molar mass of $159.61\frac{g}{mol}$.

Plugging into the equation: 0.0031 $moles = \frac{5}{159.61}$

Now that you know the moles of your copper sulphate, you should be able to work out the the needed amounts of your other compounds using stoichometry.