Mechanism of hydrolysis of acyl chlorides
This reaction is mostly ignored in basic organic texts and the mechanism you give is straight out of Wikipedia with some modification. I am sure some serious study exists some where but not on the web. Please bear with me because I can't[or just don't know how to] do drawings.  The first step is probably as written and is most likely slow because it involves charge separations. You are right there is a + charge on the O of water. [btw there is no homolysis involved, that generates radicals, and there is no reasonable path to generate hydride ions] The second step seems to require the participation of a base this may be loosely described as an E2 reaction where a proton is removed from the protonated O atom by another water molecule and the developing negative charge on the other oxygen expels the chloride ion. This mechanism[if plausible] requires enough water for active solvation. This mechanism possibly explains the success of the Schotten-Bauman method where base is added to the reaction as a &quot;catalyst&quot; [tho it is consumed]. If water is limited the base may be the attached chlorine and references do state that dry reactions evolve HCl gas. These are my thoughts on the reaction; library research is in order.