How are elements used in the human body (for example) encoded for in the genome?
No. DNA is not a blueprint, it is an integral part of the machine. There aren't little people in your cells who can read an instruction set. DNA, together with a living cell, produces (actually is used to produce RNA, which goes into producing) specific proteins, some of which bind to e.g. iron ions and integrate them into the enzyme mechanisms. It's all about making the right protein (e.g. hemoglobin to bind iron) in the right place and time. A living cell is a reactor, and the genes are your catalyst.

What kind of proteins your DNA produces depends on the surroundings. If in a skin cell, it produces proteins that directly or indirectly are necessary to produce skin. If (in an embryo) close to the surface, but not yet a skin cell, it produces proteins that later help turn it into a skin cell. And so on.

If an alien got hold of just our DNA and RNA, he could never ever even find out how a human works or what he looks like.