Vacuum distillation apparatus selection and configuration
Don't bother with a powered pump: Get a water aspirator (I recommend the $20 Humboldt H-12020, which uses 10mm or 3/8" inner diameter tubing just like your glass), connect to faucet, and using utility water (1-2 gallons/minute) it can pull over 500 torr, which should be adequate for your applications.  Sure, you're flushing away a lot of water, but you don't have to bother with traps or filters.

(Actually, the H-12020 does have a check valve, but to ensure you don't get even a little water sucked into the apparatus when you shut off the aspirator you might want to add a separate valve or simple trap, but that's easy compared to a cold trap.)

You should buy "thick-walled vacuum tubing" for all connections if you want to run full vacuum.

Finally, for safety you do need some bump countermeasure.  A "capillary bubbler" is just a tube that lets a tiny stream of bubbles into the boiling flask.  Yes, that is reducing the vacuum, but a proper capillary tube admits a trivial amount of gas into the system.  When possible, however, I prefer stirring.  Running a magnetic stirrer in the boiling flask also prevents bumping, and is better than a bubbler because it doesn't introduce potentially contaminating gases into the mix (or require the supply of a neutral gas).

A decent reference for practical distillation is Zubrick's Chapter 20 ("Distillation for Dummies") available online here.