Waste water treatment
There is not such as general/ic rule but water treatment has used, waste water as inflow. It is not as we are discussing the oxidation of X to obtain Y, if you get the point.  The target is to get an outflow of water that can be reused or discharged in nature without significant impact. The lines below do not pertain to the treatment of industrial wastes nor the removal of a specific pollutant.
Normally no toxic compounds go to the sink, and even in the lab we are not supposed to flush chemicals down. 

Oxidative processes in waste water treatment mainly consists of biological aerobic ones, basically the demolition of a wide range of chemicals as it would naturally occur in a natural environment by means of bacterial activity. 

What is peculiar here is that the waste water is kept in a regulated physical and chemical environment able to sustains and ease the process (for instance the oxygen required by the microorganisms is guaranteed by injecting air, or the temperature is regulated, ecc.).

This aerobic biological oxidation is targeting biodegradable pollutants is not targeting any specific chemical. Again, keep in mind that we are speaking of waste water not of special industrial waste. Even a chemical toxic to the bacteria, or in other words interfering with the bacterial  metabolism, does not pose a limitation as far is getting degraded in the while. 

Most of the organic pollutants are decomposed into carbon dioxide and water leaving a water with high content of nitrites, nitrates, phosphates that must be lowered in subsequent steps and is full of particulate and biomass that must be separated as well. 

Let assume all the steps above have resulted in a sufficiently clear and relatively pure water, then yes a chemical oxidation is performed. This step might use chlorinated chemicals and other oxidizers, but it is just targeting the residual microorganisms and tailored just to do that, like in the case of the disinfection of a swimming pool. It is performed when virtually there is nothing to oxidize but the residual organisms that were at the start of the whole treatment.