How can I find out a substance name based on its structural formula?
That's betanin, from which beets derive much of their deep purple color, and which may have neuro-protective (Ref. 1) features. The following is the structure retrieved from the wikipedia (on 2019-10-5), which closely matches that in the mosaic:



I used the editor available on the Sigma-Aldritch website to generate a structure and submit a search: 



The program identified betanin as the top hit despite my sloppy structure.

The SMILES code is: C(OC(C1O)OC(C(=CC2[N+]3=CC=C(CC(N4)C(=O)O)C=C4C(=O)O)O)=CC=2CC3C([O-])=O)(C(C1O)O)CO

The IUPAC name (retrieved from the wikipedia) is (2S)-1-{2-[(2S)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-ylidene]ethylidene}-5-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-ium-2-carboxylate

As noted in a comment, the stereochemistry in the wikipedia image above and that in the mosaic does not match that of the structure in the Sigma-Aldrich catalogue. I used ACD/ChemSketch freeware to generate the following image that does match the one in the catalogue:






American Chemical Society. "Vegetable compound could have a key role in 'beeting' Alzheimer's disease." ScienceDaily, 20 March 2018.


As an aside, it's interesting to note that work on L-dopa, a biosynthetic precursor of betanin, led to a Nobel prize award for Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson. Also, quoting from the wikipedia: 


  The 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was also related to l-DOPA: the Nobel Committee awarded one-quarter of the prize to William S. Knowles for his work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions, the most noted example of which was used for the synthesis of l-DOPA.



The structure-drawing engine (and presumably also search engine) provided through the Sigma-Aldrich structure search web service is JSDraw2 (JSDraw V3.2.3) by Scilligence.