Why derived name of nomenclature is used for Alkanes and alcohols only?
The derived system is really, really old. Even my textbook from the 20th century has IUPAC naming. My recommendation would be to just find IUPAC naming online, or just get a new textbook. 
I can't seem to find much on the derived system, but here's another question about it; LINK
I tried searching about, and there really isn't much about it. I don't see why you'd want to learn about it though, as history of nomenclature isn't very useful or interesting. Besides, if you try to use the derived system, no one else is going to know what compound you're describing.