Is there a simple way to predict the molecular pi orbitals in conjugated pi systems?
This should work for any even number of conjugated carbons (and with slight modification, for cations/radicals/anions of uneven numbers of carbons). You can follow a simple procedure to generate all the $\pi$ orbitals. 


Generate the lowest orbital with no nodes
Generate next orbital by creating a node through the middle bond
For all subsequent orbitals, generate by taking the previous orbital, placing nodes to the left and right of the original node, and then removing the original node. 
End when all bonds are separated by nodes


We can write these as binary strings where a 1 is one orientation and 0 is the other. So for example, you could write the lowest orbital of N=10 chain as 0000000000, the next as 0000011111, the next as 0000110000, and so on.

The Huckel method mentioned in the comments is a more formal way of obtaining the orbitals by solving for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an adjacency matrix. The adjacency matrix is formed by numbering the carbon chain and forming an NxN matrix with the rows and columns numbered like the carbons. In each row, put a 1 if the carbon of the row and column are adjacent and put an x if they are the same. A simple online calculator with a few examples and instructions for this can found here (this only gives the eigenvalues, you would probably have to download or code your own version to give the eigenvectors). You only really need these eigenvectors to get an equation for the orbitals, but for your case you can do that just as well with the simple procedure by simply writing the MOs as linear combinations of the AOs.