Using a gas stove instead of Bunsen burner for a flame test?
Yes, you can use a common stove to test for cations.
But a stove is designed to minimize the risk of incomplete combustion (which could lead to production of carbon monoxide), hence its flame always appears as an intense blue flame.
Such color contamination could be problematic when testing for cations.
In contrast, the combustion (and the color of the flame) can be regulated in a Bunsen burner.

If you want to experiment at home, an old (but gold) method is that of placing a wick through the metal lid of a closed glass vial, thus creating a burner. You can put alcohol in it, and light the wick.

You can adjust the flame by moving the wick.

Plus, as reported in
[1],
a solution of the salt in alcohol produces a long lasting colored flame in that setting.

References


Dragojlovic, V.; Richard F. Jones. Flame Tests Using Improvised Alcohol Burners. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76 (7), 929. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed076p929.