Naming an ensemble of compounds
Pericyclic ring opening, cyclobutene to butadiene (Woodward-Hoffmann rules). 
Claisen rearrangement, vinyl ether to ketone (re bullvalene). 
Diels-Alder addition. 
Sn2 displacement; AgF will move that along (not a soft Lewis base solvent). 
Alkene to expoxide is not done with water.  Direct catalytic oxidation, base elimination from the cyanohydrin (first adding HOX), peracids. 
Primary alcohol to aldehyde is Jones reagent (in water), Collins reagent (in anhydrous pyrdine, and much better. There is no product in the sludge), Swern oxidation (makes you unpopular downwind), fancier stuff. 
Markovnikov addition of HCl to an alkene. 

The Woodward-Hoffmann rules tell you what conditions are required (thermal vs. photochemical) and the associated stereochemistry (suprafacial vs. antarafacial) re conservation of orbital symmetry.