Peltier Bismuth-Telluride toxicity
Yes there are little cooling boxes, for camping, for example, where one of the walls (partially) is made of a sheet of a food-safe-metal, back-to-back to one side of a Peltier element as a cooling device.  This works fine, for example if attached to the car's battery.  Less efficient (by rate of heat transfer) may be an separation of the Peltier element viz. the inner of the cooling box by glass or food-safe plastic. 
Of course, a complete immersion of the Peltier device into a cooler or cooling system won't work, as necessarily one of the flat sides of the element is going to become cool, but the other going to be warm.