Band MO of Sodium Filling of electrons confusion
From left to right, it shows 1, 2, 3, and 4 atoms of sodium, with a total of 1, 2, 3, and 4 valence electrons. So this diagram is different from others which have the uncombined AO's on the left and right, and the combined MO's in the middle. Here, we are adding more and more atoms to go from discreet energy levels (left 4 columns, up to four atoms) to a band structure (rightmost column, many atoms in bulk metal).

The only column that shows the AO is the left-most because for that one, there is only one atom, which means that there can't be any MOs.

Maybe this diagram makes more sense to you (the full and empty circles on the right show how the AO's are combined to make the bonding, non-bonding and antibonding MO's):



Source: http://xbeams.chem.yale.edu/~batista/vaa/nabands.gif