Does acetone eat through Thermoplastic polyurethane and Polycarbonate
If there is no visual damage, e.g. cloudiness or crazing, the case should be OK. If there's some surface cloudiness, it might be possible to buff it out with mild abrasive, such as toothpaste or milk of magnesia.

In the future, try oil (olive, safflower, mineral etc., but not motor oil) to remove stickers. A bit slower, requiring subsequent cleanup, but safer.