Is there a taxonomy of adversarial attacks?
There are already a couple of papers in the literature that attempt to provide a taxonomy and survey of adversarial attacks. I will just list the two that I think are reliable enough that you can probably use as a reference.

A taxonomy and survey of attacks against machine learning (2019) by Nikolaos Pitropakis et al., published in Computer Science Review

Adversarial Examples: Attacks and Defenses for Deep Learning (2019) by Xiaoyong Yuan et al., published in IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.


Needless to say, there are different adversarial attacks, such as the Fast Gradient Signed Method (FGSM), and they can be classified into different categories, such as evasion attacks or poising attacks. You can find a lot more info in these cited papers.