Is the Turing Test, or any of its variants, a reliable test of artificial intelligence?
The rhetorical point of the Turing Test is that it places the 'test' for 'humanity' in observable outcomes, instead of in internal components. If you would behave the same in interacting with an AI as you would with a person, how could you know the difference between them?

But that doesn't mean it's reliable, because intelligence has many different components and there are many sorts of intellectual tasks. The Turing Test, in some respects, is about the reaction of people to behavior, which is not at all reliable--remember that many people thought ELIZA, a very simple chatbot, was an excellent listener and got deeply emotionally involved very quickly. It calls to mind the Ikea commercial about throwing out a lamp, where the emotional attachment comes from the human viewer (and the music), rather than from the lamp.

Turing tests for specific economic activities are much more practically interesting--if one can write an AI that replaces an Uber driver, for example, what that will imply is much clearer than if someone can create a conversational chatbot.