Analyzing vibration using machine learning
If you want to use machine learning for such a project, you can use vibrations data directly, and treat the problem as a regular audio classification problem.  

A simple approach would be to use a Neural Network with Convolutions. This would take care of features extraction for you. And maybe follow these by dense layers at the end.

Given that, it would be easier to make suggestions if you posted samples of your data. 

Edit: Also, keep in mind that machine learning usually requires large datasets so if you are collecting data all by yourself in the way you describe, you might not have enough sample to run a good model. In such a case when number of samples is limited one can use transfer learning - using a pre-trained model - but I am not aware of any such pre-trained models for wave data.