Are Markov Random Fields and Conditional Random Fields still used in computer vision?
In the Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks paper (popularly known as pix2pix), they used a Markovian Discriminator to effectively model the image as a Markovian Random Field.
There were some papers in the last 5 years concerning Markov Fields. Here are some of them:-

Combining Markov Random Fields and Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Synthesis

Precomputed Real-Time Texture Synthesis with Markovian Generative Adversarial Networks