What is a "learned emulator"?
In a typical situation, for the emulation of physical environments, you need to define all physical rules and forces. In the &quot;learned emulators&quot;, they use some machine learning techniques to learn those rules by supervising and interacting (instead of formalizing all of them). In this case, they do not need any exact formulation of the physical environment to emulate it.
An instance of this simulation can be this article &quot;Realistic Atomistic Structure of Amorphous Silicon from Machine-Learning-Driven Molecular Dynamics&quot;, i.e., a machine-learning-driven simulation instead of exact formulation of the environment.