What amount of ressources is involved in building an image recognition system?
One answer is infinite amount of time because it can always be better.
Another answer is:

10k for training set
A PC with a GPU (3~4k USD), google colab (10 USD per month), or other cloud service (probably more expensive than colab)
One developer, 1 day lol
Two kinds is easier than multiple kinds
There is no paper that seeks to answer your question the way you put it. I wouldn't even recommend a paper. In fact, for you I'd recommend an AutoML tutorial. Check these. * no offence if I've misjudged your knowledge/skill level.
Here's a paper anyway :) https://paperswithcode.com/lib/torchvision/alexnet

To conclude, please be aware that your question is super open ended, and my answer is bad (but good enough for now maybe), but a good answer doesn't really exist. It's always going to be context dependent. For instance, you never said whether you need 90% or 99% accuracy.