Why do authors track $\gamma_t$ in Prioritized Experience Replay Paper?
In some cases we may wish to have a discount factor $\gamma_t$ which depends on time $t$ (or depends on state $s_t$ and/or action $a_t$, leading to an indirect dependence on time $t$). Indeed we do not usually do this, but it does happen sometimes.

I guess that, from a theoretical point of view, it was very easy of the authors to make their algorithm more flexible/general and also support this (somewhat rare) case of time-varying discount factor. If it had been very complicated for them to support this option, they may have chosen not to; but if it's trivial to do so, well, why not?

Practical implementations will often indeed ignore that possibility if they're not using it, and can avoid including $\gamma_t$ values in the replay buffer altogether if it is known to be a constant $\gamma_t = \gamma$ for all $t$. As far as I can see, in the experiments discussed in this paper they also only used a fixed, constant $\gamma$.