What is predicate argument recognition?
In grammar, a predicate-argument relationship is one which is implied from text but not expressed in the syntactic structure. (Asher S)

Predicate logic or first order logic is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics and computer science. 

The NLP community is interested in recognizing, representing and classifying predicate arguments for shallow semantic parsing which can be viewed as the process of assigning a WHO did WHAT to WHOM, WHEN, WHY, HOW e.t.c. structure to plain text.

This process entails identifying groups of words in a sentence that represent these semantic arguments and assigning specific labels to them. This could play a key role in NLP tasks like information extraction, question answering and summarization. 

Automatic and accurate techniques that can annotate naturally occurring text with semantic/predicate argument structure can facilitate the discovery of patterns of information in large text collections. 

For reference I recommend this paper that uses Support Vector Machine algorithms for predicate argument classification. (Sameer P Kadri H 2005) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10994-005-0912-2#enumeration