How to design a NLP algorithm to find a food item in menu card list?
Since you want a shortcut use the spoonacular API.  Below is a test with your words.  You can see it had trouble with 'Coca' and 'veg'.

What you need is 'named-entity recognition' for food.  This is not a new thing but clearly not a solved problem.  The Foodie Favorites repository attempts to solve the problem from scratch.
If want to do some research and dig deeper see FoodBase corpus: a new resource of annotated food entities.  From the abstract:

It consists of 12,844 food entity annotations describing 2105 unique food entities. Additionally, we provided a weakly annotated corpus on an additional 21,790 recipes. It consists of 274,053 food entity annotations, 13,079 of which are unique.