Have there ever been significant events of ecological or geological disasters occurring simultaneously alongside extreme meterological disasters?
Here's an amazing one:

In June 1991 category 3 Typhoon Yunya made landfall in central Luzon in the Philippines and gradually weakened as it moved across the island... however as it was near exiting the island... Mount Pinatubo sustained the largest volcanic eruption in our lifetimes -- almost directly in the center of the storm!

Here is a remarkable satellite loop showing the event unfold. 


Screen cap shortly before the event unfolder showing the locations, from UW CIMSS

The CIMSS Satellite Blog has a nice post writing up the event, along with a collection of additional satellite data.