How does the Coriolis effect affect rivers and estuaries
The effects of Coriolis in rivers and estuaries are more subtle than in the open ocean. Coriolis tends to be a second or third order process in fast-moving and relatively small systems like rivers. 

On the other hand, when the residual flow in an estuary is considered, then that process tends to be slow and persistent and the effects of Earth's rotation (Coriolis) can be more obvious. The residual flows tend to be much weaker than tidal flows in estuaries. Both seaward and landward residual flows are going to be slightly displaced to the right of the direction of flow (in the northern Hemisphere) resulting in asymmetric flows. The resulting exchange flow (in the northern Hemisphere), looking in up-estuary direction, is going to have denser seawater flowing into the estuary in the deeper right side of the estuary, while fresher (lighter) river water will tend to flow seaward near the surface along the left side of the estuary. 

 Source GSO-URI.

The asymmetric flow exchange will affect any particle in suspension (e.g., organisms, sediment). In general, estuarine circulation tends to create areas of high turbidity (estuarine turbidity maximum, ETM) in the vicinity of the tip of the salt wedge. Decomposition of organic material in the high turbidity zone of the ETM can cause oxygen depletion, especially in the lower part of the vertical where mixing with oxygen-rich surface water is inhibited by stratification. In a system where Coriolis is a relevant factor, the distribution of this anoxic conditions (the often called "dead zone") is going to be displaced and can be more extensive in the right side of the estuary.

 Source: Columbia River Estuarine Turbidity Maxima

A good summary of the effects of rotation (Coriolis) in estuaries can be found in Valle-Levinson (2011).


  Valle-Levinson A (2011)  Large Estuaries (Effects of Rotation). In: Wolanski E and McLusky DS (eds.) Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Vol 2, pp. 123–140. Waltham: Academic Press.