Are metals and other elements in every continent?
Metals occur on every continent . The issue is whether or not they occur in sufficiently large deposits for them to be mined economically.
The difference between a mineral deposit and an ore body is economics: can it be mined for a profit?
One of the issues with mineral resources is that once they've been mined, they're gone.
Cornwall and Devon, in the UK, were once a significant producer of tin and copper.
Spain is major source of metals in Europe. Some of its mines were started by the ancient Romans. Poland too, has a active mining industry, as does Sweden.
Chile and Peru are major sources of copper, but copper is also mined in the US, Zambia, Australia and Russia.
Africa has a well established mining industry that mines many metals: gold, copper, iron, lead, zinc and platinum.
Metal mining in Australia and Canada provide both countries with significant sources of export income.
China has iron ore deposits that grade between 25 and 40 percent iron, but it prefers to buy higher grade iron ore, grading 65 to 70 percent iron, from elsewhere, mostly from Brazil, Australia and South Africa, because it is cheaper to produce steel from higher grade ore.
However, mineable quantities of some metals, such as lithium, platinum and rare earth metals tend to be concentrated in specific locations.