Does Xenon really covalently bond to oxygen within quartz?
Not sure this is appropriate for Earth Science SE (Chemistry SE would be a better fit), but the answer is &quot;maybe&quot;.  quoting from the same Wikipedia article:

Three oxides of xenon are known: xenon trioxide ($\small\mathsf{XeO_3)}$ and xenon
tetroxide $\small\mathsf{(XeO_4)}$, both of which are dangerously explosive and powerful
oxidizing agents, and xenon dioxide $\small\mathsf{(XeO_2)}$, which was reported in
2011 with a coordination number of four.[97] $\small\mathsf{XeO_2}$ forms when xenon
tetrafluoride is poured over ice. Its crystal structure may allow it
to replace silicon in silicate minerals.[98] The $\small\mathsf{XeOO^+}$ cation has
been identified by infrared spectroscopy in solid argon.[99]

Cited references
97.
Bell, C.F. (2013). Syntheses and Physical Studies of Inorganic Compounds. Elsevier Science. p. 143. ISBN 9781483280608.
98.
Cockett, A.H.; Smith, K.C.; Bartlett, N. (2013). The Chemistry of the Monatomic Gases: Pergamon Texts in Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier Science. p. 292. ISBN 9781483157368.
99.
Brock, D.S.; Schrobilgen, G.J. (2011). &quot;Synthesis of the missing oxide of xenon, XeO2, and its implications for earth's missing xenon&quot;. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133 (16): 6265–9. doi:10.1021/ja110618g. PMID 21341650.
Evidence is given in Crepisson et al (2019) for xenon (as $\small\mathsf{XeO_2}$) incorporation into silica at high pressure.  XRD measurements show changes in the lattice consistent with xenon substituting for silicon in the oxide structure.