Self-sustaining aquarium in a jar?
It is called an aquarium, put what ever you want in it. With natural waters you have a good chance of collecting dragonfly larva , which will eat about anything else you catch including small fish. Chances of mosquito larva are low in my experience. I don't know why you would not want frog or toad tadpoles ; I have a couple very small feral ponds in my yard and various frogs and toads  deposit uncountable numbers of eggs &gt; tadpoles. Some years I have taken thousands of tadpoles to nearby lakes and dumped them . When I don't do that most get eaten by siblings. You are unlikely to find suitable native plants other than duckweed, so I suggest buying Hornwort at a pet shop -pretty bullet proof.