What's the diference between claystone ,silt,mud, mudstone ,mudrock, clay ,shale and siltstone?
Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified by size of the sediment particles making up the rock.  Particle size descriptions like sand, silt, and clay have specific meaning in geology and engineering. (see chart below).

Shales, mudstones and claystones are rock types that are very similar to each other.


Siltstone - greater than half of the composition is silt-sized
particles. 
Claystone - greater than half of the composition is
clay-sized particles. 
Mudstone - hardened mud; a mix of silt and clay
sized particles.


The difference between mudstone and shale is that mudstones break into blocky pieces whereas shales break into thin chips with roughly parallel tops and bottoms.

The terms shale and claystone are sometimes used interchangeably. 

References:
Mudstones and shales
Fun rock charts on pinterest