What are the most common minerals at the Earth's surface?
I can't seem to find a good reference for the top few hundred minerals that actually occur in macroscopic quantities in near-surface rocks.


That's because such a list does not exist. The 'first few most common minerals' you mentioned, aka the 'rock-forming minerals' account for 99.9% (at least, depends on definition) of the minerals you will find in near-surface environments. It also depends on location - the minerals you will find in a limestone are will be completely different from the minerals in granitic areas.

I also don't completely seem to understand what you mean by 'macroscopic quantities'. Are you referring to minerals that are large enough to be seem by the naked eye or that are abundant in quantity regardless of their size?