What is the difference between climate change and global warming?
Is "Climate Change" a derived theory within "Global Warming", or vice versa?
  Is "Climate Change" a reiteration of an earlier theory, "Global Warming"?
  Are these terms in fact synonymous?
  


In order,


Vice versa.
No.
No.


"Climate change" (and its kin, "climatic change") is a far older term than is "global warming." The terms "climate change" / "climatic change" are and always have been the dominant terms used in the scientific literature (over "global warming"). Anthropogenic global warming is but one aspect of anthropogenic climate change, which in turn is but one aspect of climate science. In particular, increased global warming (above natural) is one of the climatic consequences of humans dumping very large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Since climate change is the older concept, climate change cannot have derived from "global warming", and it is not a reiteration of an earlier theory.

Some references that show that "climate change" is an old term:

Ellsworth Huntington (1917), "Climatic change and agricultural exhaustion as elements in the fall of Rome," The Quarterly Journal of Economics (1917): 173-208.

Richard Joel Russell (1941), "Climatic change through the ages," Climate and Man, U.S. Department of Agriculture: 67.

Edmund Schulman (1956), "Dendroclimatic changes in semiarid America," University of Arizona Press, Tucson Arizona.

NASA - What's in a Name? Global Warming vs. Climate Change


Update
There was a lot of discussion on this topic. That discussion may eventually vanish. The question ended up asking for references, lots and lots of references. I do not have the time or the inclination to do that. What I can do is supply links to sites that do supply those references:

David Appell, "Some Early and Important Works on Climate Science, Carbon Dioxide, and Human Influence."

American Institute of Physics, "Bibliography by year: The Discovery of Global Warming."

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "Fifth Assessment Report."