Phase changes deep in planetary interiors and their implications for surface tectonics
The tiger stripes of Enceladus are thought to be a result of this moon's unusual chemical composition, as opposed to any mineral heterogeneity or thermodynamic perturbations occurring due to the phase change near the rocky core.



Ammonia has been found indirectly to exist on Enceladus and the unique ammonia-water composition of Enceladus is thought to give rise to the cracks in the tectonic plates on the surface, which we know as the "tiger stripes".  Enceladus began as a frozen shell of an ammonia and water ice mixture surrounding a rocky core.  Through interaction with other moons, heat was generated above the rocky silicate core, resulting in the ice shell separating into an ammonia-enriched liquid layer directly on top of the core, and a thin layer of ice (water) above it.

Research by Dr Dave Stegman, a Centenary Research Fellow in the School of Earth Sciences at the University of Melbourne, has found that if the water ice formed near the core, then it would give rise to the "tiger stripes" which are thought to be cracks caused by tectonic activity on the south pole of the moon's surface


  "We found that if a layer of pure water ice formed near the core, it
  would have enough buoyancy to rise upwards, and such a redistribution
  of mass can generate large tectonic stresses at the surface," 
  
  "However, the pure water ice rising up is also slightly warmer which
  causes the separation to occur again, this time forming an
  ammonia-enriched ocean just under the surface. The presence of
  ammonia, which acts as an anti-freeze, then helps keep the ocean in
  its liquid state."


So in this case, while one could say that the boundary may have played a role, it is certainly not analogous to the role the phase transition plays in the formation of features on Earth's surface.  The linked paper provides more details as to how the ammonia-water composition can give rise to the observed terrain.

With regards to the chaotic terrain of Europa, it is an active area of research and is very poorly understood.  No model so far has been able to explain why features such as Conamara Chaos stand above surrounding terrain and contain matrix domes.

According to one paper however,


  We conclude that Europa's ocean dynamics can modulate the exchange of
  heat and materials between the surface and interior and explain the
  observed distribution of chaos terrains.


It therefore seems unlikely given current research that the chaotic terrain of Europa is a result of a phase change boundary.