Photorealistic synthetic data for object segmentation
I used such an approach at the Computer Vision Lab at TU Delft for my Bachelor thesis.
The goal was to analyze different aspects of the same problem: identifying LEGO bricks in a photograph of an unsorted pile of LEGO bricks. We built a small real dataset as well as a large (relatively) photorealistic synthetic dataset using Blender.
Personally, I looked at it from the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) point of view, but some of my team mates did have objectives closer to yours (image segmentation, object detection, classification).
You can find a description which is a bit more detailed here, in section 4.1.
I can edit this answer with more details if you're interested.