Data Imbalance in Regression Tasks
In a regression framework one would usually not speak about (class) imbalance. In this case it is about the distribution (mostly of the dependent variable). A distribution has several moments. The expected value (1st), variance (2nd), skewness (3rd) and kurtosis (4th). They all together define how a distribution looks like. 

Generally, a normal distribution works well with regression. You can also test normality. As mentionned by others, you can plot the (empirical) probability density function. Another useful thing is a boxplot. And you can look at the moments.

R example (skewed distribution):

library(sn)
library(moments)

set.seed(12)
d1=rsn(n=10000, xi=1, omega=5, alpha=100, tau=0.5, dp=NULL)
plot(density(d1))
boxplot(d1)
skewness(d1) # 0 for normal
kurtosis(d1) # 3 for normal


This yields:

&gt; skewness(d1) # 0 for normal
[1] 0.8130714
&gt; kurtosis(d1) # 3 for normal
[1] 3.412369


The probability density function shows a "tail" to the right (positive skewness / right-skewed distribution).



Also the box plot indicates that there are some "unusually high" values in the distribution.



R example (normal distribution):

Same procedure for normal...

d2=rnorm(10000, 3, 2)
plot(density(d2))
boxplot(d2)
skewness(d2) # 0 for normal
kurtosis(d2) # 3 for normal


Density function and boxplot look much more "harmonic" in this case.

&gt; skewness(d2) # 0 for normal
[1] 0.002732919
&gt; kurtosis(d2) # 3 for normal
[1] 2.947005






What can you do with non-normal distributions?

With skewed/non-normal distributions you often get bad predictions from a regression model, especially where "unusually low/high" values are found. See this post for example. The solution often is to do some kind of linear transformation to the data. This is one reason why it often is a good idea to standardize data in predictive modelling. One can also try other linear transformations, e.g. taking logs. However, there is no "silver bullet" to adress the problem.

Another consequence of skewed data in linear regression can be heteroscedasticity, which leads to unreliable standard errors, p-values, and confidence bands. See this post for a discussion.