I have few basic questions on R Stem and Leaf Plot
With the default scale, you see that numbers left of the bar go up by two - hence anything after the 4 is forty-something or fifty-something:

&gt; stem(d,scale=1)

  The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |

  0 | 577
  2 | 7
  4 | 19
  6 | 0325
  8 | 50378


Using scale=2, you'll see numbers left of the bar go up by one, so now you can get exact reconstruction of your input, since you input integers:

&gt; stem(d,scale=2)

  The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |

  0 | 57
  1 | 7
  2 | 
  3 | 7
  4 | 1
  5 | 9
  6 | 03
  7 | 25
  8 | 5
  9 | 0378


Going further you can even split it by first and second five within each decade:

&gt; stem(d,scale=4)

  The decimal point is 1 digit(s) to the right of the |

  0 | 57
  1 | 
  1 | 7
  2 | 
  2 | 
  3 | 
  3 | 7
  4 | 1
  4 | 
  5 | 
  5 | 9
  6 | 03
  6 | 
  7 | 2
  7 | 5
  8 | 
  8 | 5
  9 | 03
  9 | 78


Stem plots do not always guarantee you can reproduce the data by reversing the process, and that's not what they're for.