Is there a difference if input nodes have discrete or range value
If categorical values are 1-hot encoded, then there is a node for each item in the category. There would be an input note that indicate the presence or absence of a categorical value. There would be an apple node, a pear node, or a orange node. If apple is present, then the apple input node would take a value of 1; 0 otherwise.
Numerical values have one node per feature. The activation node have higher value if the numerical value is higher. Typically, these input node are rescaled between 0 and 1. The activation of an input node can take on any value between 0 and 1.
In the case of temperature, it depends on how temperature is measured. If temperature is measured continuously, then it can be encoded as a numerical value. If temperature can only take a limited subset of values, then can not be encoded as a numerical value. It would be measured on a ordinal scale.