How can I extract the reason of the legal compensation from a court report?
Can you clarify how consistent the structure of these sentences will be?


If the court reports contain very consistent phrasing, you might be able to get away with using a rule-based approach (or perhaps even regular expressions). 
But, if the sentences would require human-level language abilities to parse, you would probably need to invest a lot of energy into training a model to accomplish this, which would also require a large(ish) set of labelled training data.


That said, you may be able to apply parts of speech (POS) tagging to isolate the right class of word in each sentence. I'm sure other options also exist, but I know NLTK accomplishes this task.