How can I check the correlation between features and target variable?
Your data can be put into a pandas DataFrame using

import pandas as pd
data = {'Loan ID': ['LP001002', 'LP001003', 'LP001005', 'LP001006', 'LP001008'],
        'Married': ['No', 'Yes', 'Yes', 'Yes', 'No'],
        'Dependents': [0, 1, 0, 0, 0],
        'Education': ['Graduate', 'Graduate', 'Graduate', 'Not Graduate', 'Graduate'],
        'Self_Employed': ['No', 'No', 'Yes', 'No', 'No'],
        'Income': [5849, 4583, 3000, 2583, 6000],
        'Coapplicant Income': [0, 1508, 0, 2358, 0],
        'LoanAmount': [123, 128, 66, 120, 141],
        'Area': ['Urban', 'Rural', 'Urban', 'Urban', 'Urban'],
        'Loan Status': ['Y', 'N', 'Y', 'Y', 'Y']} 
df = pd.DataFrame(data)


Now to get a correlation we need to convert our categorical features to numerical ones. Of course the choice of order will affect the correlation but luckily all of our categories seem to be binary. If this is not the case you will need to devise a custom ordering.

df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df['Married'] =df['Married'].astype('category').cat.codes
df['Education'] =df['Education'].astype('category').cat.codes
df['Self_Employed'] =df['Self_Employed'].astype('category').cat.codes
df['Area'] =df['Area'].astype('category').cat.codes
df['Loan Status'] =df['Loan Status'].astype('category').cat.codes


Now we can get the correlation between the 'LoanAmount' and all the other features.

df[df.columns[1:]].corr()['LoanAmount'][:]






Now using some machine learning on this data is not likely to work. There just is not sufficient data to extract some relevant information between your large number of features and the loan amount.

You need at at least 10 times more instances than features in order to expect to get some good results.



To only obtain the correlation between a feature and a subset of the features you can do 

df[['Income', 'Education', 'LoanAmount']].corr()['LoanAmount'][:]


This will take a subset of the DataFrame and then apply the same corr() function as above. Make sure that the subset of columns selected includes the column with which you want to calculate the correlation, in this example that's 'LoanAmount'.