Package that is similar to R's caret?
MLR is similar to caret, MLR offers a high-level interface to various statistical and machine learning packages.

According to the package description:


  Interface to a large number of classification and regression
  techniques, including machine-readable parameter descriptions. There
  is also an experimental extension for survival analysis, clustering
  and general, example-specific cost-sensitive learning. Generic
  resampling, including cross-validation, bootstrapping and subsampling.
  Hyperparameter tuning with modern optimization techniques, for single-
  and multi-objective problems. Filter and wrapper methods for feature
  selection. Extension of basic learners with additional operations
  common in machine learning, also allowing for easy nested resampling.
  Most operations can be parallelized.


Please check the Reference and Homepage.