What is the best way to find minima in Logistic regression?
Being a second-order method, Newton–Raphson algorithm is more efficient than the gradient descent if the inverse of the Hessian matrix of the cost function is known. However, inverting the Hessian, which is an $\mathcal O(n^3)$ operation, rapidly becomes impractical as the dimensionality of the problem grows. This issue is addressed in quasi-Newton methods, such as BFGS, but they don't handle mini-batch updates well and hence require the full dataset to be loaded in memory; see also this answer for a discussion. Later in his course Andrew Ng will discuss neural networks. They can easily contain millions of free parameters and be trained on huge datasets, and because of this variants of the gradient descent are usually used with them.

In short, the Newton–Raphson method can be faster for relatively small problems, but the gradient descent scales better with complexity of problem.