How can I use my laptop to implement analysis in Python but use a different fast server for computation of analysis?
I have a similar set-up; I run both local and remote installations of Jupyter. On the server I have JupyterHub running, into which i can ssh. Locally I have Anaconda set up etc.

If you are meticulous in mirroring any custom libraries across the system (or even better package them for pip installs) this works quite well.