Can GPS coordinates (latitude and longitude) be used as features in a linear model?
You cannot use them directly, as it is unlikely there is a true linear relationship unless you're looking to predict "how far east or north" someone is. As mentioned in the comments, you need to convert them into zones. If you wanted to keep it really simple, you could use a kNN clustering algorithm with a low number of potential clusters and then assign each instance a new feature with the cluster ID, and then one-hot encode that.

You may also want to read about how people interpolate coordinates to predict values across a whole map. The first example is with temperature stations, but you can also imagine it being "hot zones" for crime.

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