using neural networks to predict set of charactertics
Yes, you can generate multiple features as output of network. 

In this example, network will have X outputs. 1 output will have most probable gender , another will have most probable age and so on.

Input_1= Input(shape=(n_features, ))

x = Dense(100, activation='relu')(Input_1)
x = Dense(100, activation='relu')(x)
x = Dense(100, activation='relu')(x)

out1 = Dense(1,  activation='linear')(x)
out2 = Dense(1,  activation='linear')(x)
out3 = Dense(1,  activation='linear')(x)
..
..
outX = Dense(1,  activation='linear')(x)


model = Model(inputs=Input_1, outputs=[out1,out2,out3,...,outX])
model.compile(optimizer = "rmsprop", loss = 'mse')


Complete example of this : 

https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/06/04/keras-multiple-outputs-and-multiple-losses/