Why is my prediction using ARIMA better if I'm using less historic data?
Electricity prices are essentially the same as stock prices: best modelled by a random walk, where the best prediction for tomorrow is the price today. Therefore I am not really surprised that you get worse results using more historical data.
 Some versions of ARIMA will also include regularisation, which will punish your model for including more and more data - inclusion of new data must be justified by contributing to a lower residual error to be "worth" inclusion.

Other models that tend to be a little more robust use features other than the actual target, here the price. For example, trying to predict the volatility of the price might  prove to be more accurate. For this there are GARCH models (Generalised AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity).

Another thing you might consider is to include external data... for example, electricity consumption is heavily influenced by the weather - if it is cold outside, a lot of people heat their homes using electrical heaters, they also drink more hot drinks etc.