How does transform work?
Models are trained on training data, and evaluated on test data based on assumption that unseen test data also comes from the same distribution with training data. So when you calculated statistics for training data, based on assumption that test data also comes from the same distribution you should apply same transformations to test data. You should fit MinMaxScaler to your training data, and then use this scaler to transform both tranining data and test data. There are also issues about data leakage, take a look at that: StandardScaler before and after splitting data
For transformations, fit method extract relevant statistics(min, max value for min-max scaling, mean, std for standardization) from the provided data, and transform method transforms each feature individually based on extracted statistics.