Using an unsupervised Isolation Forest, how does one identify the optimal number of outliers from the anomaly scores?
The way Isolation Forests seem to be used in most of the cases involve having some kind of prior "guess" about what proportion of outliers you expect (if you want to be on the safe side, you might be encline to increase it for instance). Based on the proportion you set (it is the contamination parameter in scikit-learn), the observations are labeled according to their anomaly score.

That being said, nothing prevents you from coming up with your own rules after you ran the Isolation Forest. You can plot the anomaly scores and then see for yourself if another threshold could make sense based on the distribution of the scores. This would be a more empirical rule.