How to color a tif file in R?
As I said, maybe there is already a public domain vector file that fits your needs, e.g.

library(raster)
map &lt;- getData("GADM", country="HUN", level=2) 
plot(map, col=rainbow(length(map)), border=NA)




Otherwise, try a dedicated tool to polygonize your raster image and save it as a shapefile. E.g. using QGIS (German): 



After saving the shapefile, you can load and process it in R:

library(raster)
map &lt;- shapefile("evk_106_20140101.shp")
plot(map, col=rainbow(length(map)), border=NA)




(Side note: I assume it's ok for any copyright owner oto modify and use the image for demonstrational purposes in the above way. If not, drop a comment and I'll delete it.)