Continuous values in a dataset
First of all, it is not a general rule that continuous values should be discretized. Especially in the context of regression, it is actually very much wrong.

Regarding discretization, I believe you may have a wrong definition. Discretizing means transforming a continuous interval, say $[0,10]$ into sub intervals, $[0,1), [1,2),...,[9,10]$, and then attributing the same value to points in the same interval, for instance, $\forall x \in [0,1) \mapsto 0.5$.

I'm not sure what is your point have having value $\in \mathbb{R}$. If it's because you don't know what the interval you have is, then you can simply find the minimum and maximum of your data points, and assume these to be the total interval. Then you can discretize that interval in however many pieces you want.