Inverse Relationship Between Precision and Recall
If we decrease the false negative (select more positives), recall always increases, but precision may increase or decrease. Generally, for models better than random, precision and recall have an inverse relationship (@pythinker's answer), but for models worse than random, they have a direct relationship (@kbrose's example).

It is worth noting that we can artificially build a sample that causes a model which is better-than-random on true distribution to perform worse-than-random, so we are assuming that the sample resembles the true distribution.

Recall

We have
$$TP = P - FN$$
therefore, recall would be
$$r = \frac{P-FN}{P} = 1- \frac{FN}{P}$$
which always increases by decrease in $FN$.

Precision

For precision, the relation is not as straightforward. Lets start with two examples.

First case: decrease in precision, by decrease in false negative:

label   model prediction
1       0.8
0       0.2
0       0.2
1       0.2


For threshold $0.5$ (false negative = $\{(1, 0.2)\}$), 

$$p = \frac{1}{1+0}=1$$

For threshold $0.0$ (false negative = $\{\}$),

$$p = \frac{2}{2+2}=0.5$$

Second case: increase in precision, by decrease in false negative (the same as @kbrose example):

label   model prediction
0       1.0
1       0.4
0       0.1


For threshold $0.5$ (false negative = $\{(1, 0.4)\}$), 

$$p = \frac{0}{0+1}=0$$

For threshold $0.0$ (false negative = $\{\}$),

$$p = \frac{1}{1+2}=0.33$$

It is worth noting that ROC curve for this case is



Analysis of precision based on ROC curve

When we lower the threshold, false negative decreases, and true positive [rate] increases, which is equivalent to moving to the right in ROC plot. I did a simulation for better-than-random, random, and worse-than-random models, and plotted ROC, recall, and precision:







As you can see, by moving to the right, for better-than-random model, precision decreases, for random model, precision has substantial fluctuations, and for worse-than-random model precision increases. And there are slight fluctuations in all three cases.  Therefore,  


  By increase in recall, if model is better than random, precision generally decreases. If mode is worse than random, precision generally increases.


Here is the code for simulation:

import numpy as np
from sklearn.metrics import roc_curve
from matplotlib import pyplot

np.random.seed(123)
count = 2000
P = int(count * 0.5)
N = count - P
# first half zero, second half one
y_true = np.concatenate((np.zeros((N, 1)), np.ones((P, 1))))

title = 'Better-than-random model'
# title = 'Random model'
# title = 'Worse-than-random model'
if title == 'Better-than-random model':
    # GOOD: model output increases from 0 to 1 with noise
    y_score = np.array([p + np.random.randint(-1000, 1000)/3000
                        for p in np.arange(0, 1, 1.0 / count)]).reshape((-1, 1))
elif title == 'Random model':
    # RANDOM: model output is purely random
    y_score = np.array([np.random.randint(-1000, 1000)/3000
                        for p in np.arange(0, 1, 1.0 / count)]).reshape((-1, 1))
elif title == 'Worse-than-random model':
    # SUB RANDOM: model output decreases from 0 to -1 (worse than random)
    y_score = np.array([-p + np.random.randint(-1000, 1000)/1000
                        for p in np.arange(0, 1, 1.0 / count)]).reshape((-1, 1))

# calculate ROC (fpr, tpr) points
fpr, tpr, thresholds = roc_curve(y_true, y_score)
# calculate recall, precision, and accuracy for corresponding thresholds
# recall = TP / P
recall = np.array([np.sum(y_true[y_score &gt; t])/P
                   for t in thresholds]).reshape((-1, 1))
# precision = TP / (TP + FP)
precision = np.array([np.sum(y_true[y_score &gt; t])/np.count_nonzero(y_score &gt; t)
                      for t in thresholds]).reshape((-1, 1))
# accuracy = (TP + TN) / (P + N)
accuracy = np.array([(np.sum(y_true[y_score &gt; t]) + np.sum(1 - y_true[y_score &lt; t]))
                     /len(y_score)
                      for t in thresholds]).reshape((-1, 1))

# Sort performance measures from min tpr to max tpr
index = np.argsort(tpr)
tpr_sorted = tpr[index]
recall_sorted = recall[index]
precision_sorted = precision[index]
accuracy_sorted = accuracy[index]

# visualize
fig, ax = pyplot.subplots(3, 1)
fig.suptitle(title, fontsize=12)

line = np.arange(0, len(thresholds))/len(thresholds)
ax[0].plot(fpr, tpr, label='ROC', color='purple')
ax[0].plot(line, line, '--', label='random', color='black')
ax[0].set_xlabel('fpr')
ax[0].legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))
ax[1].plot(line, recall, label='recall', color='blue')
ax[1].plot(line, precision, label='precision', color='red')
ax[1].plot(line, accuracy, label='accuracy', color='black')
ax[1].set_xlabel('1 - threshold')
ax[1].legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))
ax[2].plot(tpr_sorted, recall_sorted, label='recall', color='blue')
ax[2].plot(tpr_sorted, precision_sorted, label='precision', color='red')
ax[2].plot(tpr_sorted, accuracy_sorted, label='accuracy', color='black')
ax[2].set_xlabel('tpr (1 - fnr)')
ax[2].legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5))

fig.tight_layout()
fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.88)
pyplot.show()