When I would use a specific similarity coefficient over another?
Jaccard - measures similarity of assymetric, binary attributes. For example, if you have insurance claims with binary attributes ("poor driving record", "premium paid in cash") you can compare claims with those attributes.
Cosine - measures similarity between vectors, like feature vectors. Could be used in a recommender system where a user asks to see items similar to some selected item.
Dice - equivalent to F1-score. Often used in image segmentation, comparing a model's output with reference masks.