Text analysis - classification, parsing
Named-Entity Recognition (NER) is one of the techniques you could look at. Different techniques exist, you could first look at pre-trained models of Spacy in Python here. Otherwise, you could train a model on your own training data if you have.

Also, more systematic approaches can be efficient. For exemple, looking at POS tags values, do regex identification...

More generally, this is the field of Information Extraction (IE) in text mining. Some good resources can be found here and here. Sorry, everything is in Python as I work mainly with it.

Good luck!