Clustering algorithm to sort filenames
This is not at all a typical clustering problem, so I doubt any of these algorithms will help. If you want to try clustering, you will need to do appropriate feature extraction. Don't expect things to work on the raw data. But I guess once you have good features, the problem will already be solved.

Instead of trying to frame this as a clustering problem, look at it either from a sequential pattern view point, or even better: look at the few questions on how to learn regexps from a set of strings.