Get screen size and then resize image accordingly
The OS does not, in many or most cases, know the physical screen size! Often the only thing you can glean is the make and model, sometimes not even that. So if you do not want to have a database then the best you can do is ask your user.

There are also some interesting corner cases. What do you do if the monitor is in fact a projector? What do you do in multi monitor setups? What if the image is halfway between 2 monitors? What do you do if the operator is using pixel zoom for accessibility reasons? What do you do if the image is shown on 2 monitors at the same time? What do you do if the monitor is huge, like one used in a conference room and your image turns out to be very small in comparison (like 4 by 4 pixels)? ...