Triggering specific pipeline builds for monorepos in Jenkins
You can use the "when" block combined with the built in "changeset" condition to conditionally run only certain stages of your monorepo's pipeline. From the when.changeset documentation:

changeset- 
Executes the stage if the build’s SCM changeset contains one or more files matching the given string or glob. Example: when { changeset "**/*.js" }

Here is an example Jenkinsfile using this strategy:

pipeline {
    agent any
    stages {
        stage('build matchengine') {
            when {
                changeset "**/matchengine/*.*"
            }
            steps {
                echo 'building match engine'
            }
        }
        stage('build posttrade') {
            when {
                changeset "**/posttrade/*.*"
            }
            steps {
                echo 'building post trade'
            }
        }
    }
}


, applicable to the monorepo project structure shown below:

 .(my-project)
   |-- Jenkinsfile
   |-- matchengine
   |-- posttrade
   |-- serverless
   |-- ui


This strategy won't scale past small codebases because it would be hard to keep track of which modules depend one each other. You would be better off using a build system like Bazel. Your CI job would simply issue a bazel build //... (build everything), and Bazel would calculate what actually needs to be built, and what needs to be tested. Further, there even exist bazel rules such as rules_docker and rules_k8s which can calculate which of your containers need to be rebuilt and pushed to a container registry, and which of your applications need to be redeployed to Kubernetes.