Azure DevOps Different Post Deployment script per environment
You can define multiple stages in a release pipeline. Each stage (i.e. Dev, Prod) can have its own set of tasks and/or other factors that differ. If you want the same set of tasks, you can duplicate a stage then change what's needed. Alternatively, you can configure the tasks using pipeline variables. The variables can be defined to have different values based on the stage scope (or applicable to the release scope). This way, each stage is essentially the same set of tasks but at runtime each behaves differently based on the variable values applicable to it at runtime.
See the MS docs on stages based on your pipeline type preference:

YAML
Classic