Central repository hosting various binaries/applications for different platforms/architectures
Your scenario is a perfect use case for a binary repository manager. A BRM's primary feature is to act as a central storage system for your binaries, but there are many other features including:


Versioning 
Tagging
Permission management
Logging/auditing


Using a BRM is more lightweight than a typical source code repository system such as Git or SVN. Those systems will have much more metadata than is necessary for binary files 

I have personally used Artifactory by JFrog, but I have also heard many good things about Nexus.