Jenkins Groovy to parse console output and mark build failure
This question seems similar to another on StackOverflow, but seems to be a close, but not exact duplicate of 
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37018509/jenkinsfile-build-log

To quote those : 


  if you just want to check, that your log contains string myTestString you can just call manager.logContains('.myTestString.')
  
  If you want to get some information from the first matching line you can use manager.getLogMatcher(regexp)


You could use the Groovy flow control to break the build - you just need a step to execute the test:

Following the example on the link : 

node {
    stage('CheckLog') {
      steps {
        if (manager.logContains('.*myTestString.*')) {
          error("Build failed because of this and that..")    
        }
      }
    }