Configure Docker to use SSL for a private registry on Windows 10?
The official Docker documentation says:


  Docker recognizes certs stored under Trust Root Certification
  Authorities or Intermediate Certification Authorities.


That is, you can proceed as the following:


Start > "Manage Computer Certificates" (also available in the control
panel) 
Right-click on "Trusted Root Certification Authoritites" >
"All tasks" > "Import" 
Browse to the crt file and then keep pressing "Next" to complete the wizard
Restart Docker for Windows


In my case, the catch was that I imported the certificate via the context menu, and therefore it went to another folder where Docker could not access it. The certificate store behaves however very much like the normal Windows Explorer tree folder, so I had just to copy the certificate over to the supported category, and after Docker restart it worked.