Developing in Docker for Windows Basics
The first thing you'll want to do is look for errors.  It sounds like you have a Dockerfile that is creating an image, but when you run the image it appears to not do anything.  There are two immediate things you can do to troubleshoot this:


Do not use the -d flag when running the image.  This flag runs the container in detached mode and will not display container output to the console.
Examine the logs from the container.  Even though the container does not appear to be running, it is most likely crashing on start.  You can verify this by using docker ps -a which will show you all containers (including ones that have stopped due to crashes).


Once you know what the error is you can look at whether this is a problem with your startup script or the Dockerfile.  Based on what you've described so far this sounds like you could be missing files in the right location, or the Entrypoint or CMD is incorrect.