RBAC to secure Azure Table Storage access
For now there is no support for accessing Azure Table Storage with Managed Identities.

Supported services are described here:


Services that support managed identities for Azure resources


According to documentation, Azure Table Storage allows you to authenticate only by using account key. So SAS authentication is not solution here either.

Possible solution could be like this:


Create Azure Key Vault and store account key as a secret Assign
permission to this key vault to your Managed Identity Use Managed
Identity to fetch the key from key vault in a runtime 
Use the key to Azure Table Storage


As additional step you can create separate Storage Account to store only tables. With this approach you should be able to restrict access to tables service properly.