Is there something like Jenkins pipeline scripts for Bamboo?
I don't think Bamboo has that natively but there are plugins such as this one:  (https://marketplace.atlassian.com/plugins/com.cobalt.cdpipeline.cdpipeline/server/overview).  

Atlassian also has a different product called Bitbucket pipeline (https://bitbucket.org/product/features/pipelines) that may be more similar to what you want but it's more of a CircleCI type of Pipeline.