Change Craft 3 password algorithm
The 3rd parameter for the hash cost you can control via the blowfishHashCost config setting.

The 2nd parameter (for the algorithm) is a bit more difficult because it's not exposed via a config setting. I assume you want to use PASSWORD_ARGON2I since that and PASSWORD_BCRYPT 
 (the default) are the only two options: https://secure.php.net/manual/en/function.password-hash.php

You'd need to create a custom Application Config component that overrode Craft's security component with your own Security class.  Your own class could extend Craft's an overwrite just the hashPassword method, or any others that you might need to.