Looking for a good explanation on Craft login and if it is using persistent cookies or session cookies, etc...?
You're probably looking for the userSessionDuration config setting where you can adjust the length of time an authenticated Craft session should have (or just have it session/browser based).

Other related session config settings you might be interested in:

https://craftcms.com/docs/config-settings#elevatedSessionDuration

https://craftcms.com/docs/config-settings#rememberedUserSessionDuration