Querying channel entries hits memory limit
Assuming you're referring to Craft 2, the EntryModels that get returned to a template do have a significant memory overhead attached to them you're probably running into.  Doing the math, even bumping your php.ini memory_limit up to 256M is only going to get your around 260 results coming back with your given fields/configuration.

It's one of the big things we first improved in the upcoming Craft 3.

In the meantime, you've got a couple of options:


Paginate the results so you can do them in smaller batches.
AJAX/lazy load the results over multiple requests in smaller batches.
Write a plugin (https://craftcms.com/docs/plugins) that bypasses Craft's Element/Model loading and queries the database directly and returns only the data you explicitly need back to the template, without all of the model overheard.