Image transforms on remote server are broken by `cpresources/transforms` url
1.) Did you check if you have GD extension or ImageMagick extension working on the remote system?

2.) Are you using Apache on your remote system? If yes, is mod_rewrite working? (because the second URL does not point to a real file but is rewritten instead)

3.) Maybe you are using Nginx on the remote system and therefor pretty urls are not working?