Get Entries From Any Section Matching a URL segment
To check if the word jobs is in the sectionUrl you can use twig's matches to create a regular expression that looks for jobs

{% set allSections = craft.sections.getAllSections() %}
{% for section in allSections %}
    {% set sectionURL = section.getUrlFormat()|split('/')[0] %}

    {% if sectionURL matches "/jobs/" %}
        {{ section.name }}
    {% endif %}

{% endfor %}