Limit the for loop returns with an if statement
If I'm following you correct, you can use a conditional in a for loop to do what you want.

So in your case, it would be something like:

{% for entry in craft.entries.section('news').order('articleOrder desc').limit(5).find() if entry.currentYear2 == currentEdition.currentYear2 and currentEdition.currentMonth2 in entry.currentMonth2 %}
   ...
{% endfor %}