Uploading assets to different locations based on environment
AFAIK, you can't change the type of your volume based on your environment. But if having a separate S3 account/bucket for dev could work for you, you can configure this with a volume.php config file. Check out this section in the docs about configuration for the gist on how to use it, and the section about per environment configuration in the readme for the AWS-S3 plugin for the specifics for that type of volume.