Exclude "featured" entries from a "recent" entries {% for %} loop
What you could do is get the ids of the featured element, and exclude those from the second craft.entries call. Something like this:

{# Get the ids of the featured items you got above #}
{% set featuredIds = featured.ids() %}

{# Get entries in section 'blog' which don't have an id in featuredIds #}
{% set allEntries = craft.entries.section('blog').id('and, not ' ~ featuredIds | join(', not ')) %}

{# Loop and output #}
{% for entry in allEntries.limit(5) %}
  {{ entry.title }}
{% endfor %}


The use of the join filter may seem a bit cryptic. But, when excluding one id from a list of entries, you'd do .id('not 3'). When excluding more than one, you need to specify the conditional first (the and part) and then a comma separated list of not (id). So the join basically creates a string like .id('and, not 3, not 4, not 5'), if the ids of the featured articles where 3, 4 and 5.

Edit: added necessary space to join(', not ')