Can you delete rows from a table field on the front end?
It can be done, but only by saving the table field's data completely. There's no controller method to remove a table's row(s). Same would apply for a table within a Matrix block, or for a Matrix block itself. All content gets saved by calling the entries controller (saveEntry) with the new content in a POST.

What you could do: Let your users create one or more matrix blocks, create your own plugin, create a controller with an actionDeleteMatrixBlockById() method (for instance) and let that controller call craft()-&gt;matrix-&gt;deleteBlockById() if one of the blocks has to be deleted.

Bit of a hassle, though. Don't know your use-case, but seems a bit overkill.