
 
 (Washington Post Staff Photo/Andrea Bruce) 
 
 Just one glass of wine or other alcoholic drink a day significantly raises the risk of breast cancer, while vigorous exercise such as running and bicycling reduces it, according to an expansive review of research on the effects of diet, nutrition and physical activity on the disease. 
 
 The report, which was issued Tuesday, concluded that drinking the equivalent of one small glass of wine, beer or other alcohol a day — about 10 grams of alcohol — is linked to an increased cancer risk of 5 percent for pre-menopausal women and 9 percent for post-menopausal women. A standard drink has 14 grams of alcohol. 
 
 "This suggests there is no level of alcohol use that is completely safe in terms of breast cancer," said Anne McTiernan, a cancer-prevention researcher at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle and one of the report's lead authors. "If a woman is drinking, it would be better if she kept it to a lower amount." 
 
 The review, by the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) and the World Cancer Research Fund, evaluated research in 119 studies encompassing data on 12 million women from around the world. It is the first such review since 2010, the groups said. 
 
 For the first time, researchers concluded evidence is strong that vigorous exercise reduces breast-cancer risk. Pre-menopausal women who were the most active had a 17 percent lower risk of developing malignancies compared to the least active women, while post-menopausal women had a 10 percent decreased risk. 
 
 [For women, heavy drinking has been normalized. That's dangerous.] 
 
 The researchers noted that many things influence cancer risk and that women can't control factors such as a family history of cancer. But, McTiernan said, "having a physically active lifestyle, maintaining a healthy weight throughout life and limiting alcohol — these are all steps women can take to lower their risk." 
 
 At the same time, she said, a healthy lifestyle is not a guarantee. Rather, it's more like wearing a seat belt. Many women will do everything they can to reduce their risks of breast cancer but still get diagnosed. "That's unfortunate, but that's what happens," she said. 
 
 Researchers were not able to calculate the degree to which vigorous exercise might cut the risk of alcohol consumption. What happens, for example, if a regular drinker also runs daily? 
 
 "The mechanism suggests that it could be helpful," McTiernan said. Alcohol increases estrogen, which is linked to increased breast-cancer risk, while physical activity reduces it. "But I can't say that for someone who drinks five drinks and then runs, that the exercise is going to negate the adverse effects of the alcohol." 
 
 The report found women who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of post-menopausal disease. 
 
 "If women lose just 10 percent of their weight, it's linked to reduced blood estrogen, inflammation" and other factors associated with breast cancer, McTiernan said. 
 
 The report also found limited evidence linking dairy foods, diets high in calcium and foods containing carotenoids to a lower risk of some breast cancers. Carotenoids include such fruits and vegetables as kale, apricots and carrots. 
 
 About 252,000 women in the United States are expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer this year. AICR estimates that 1 in 3 cases could be prevented if women did not drink alcohol, were physically active and maintained a healthy weight. 
 
 Read more: 
 
 Women with advanced breast cancer are surviving longer, study says 
 
 You just learned you have breast cancer. Now what? 
 
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– Just one alcoholic drink per day—even a teeny one—may not bode well for women on the breast cancer front, reports the Washington Post. That's the conclusion of a large-scale review by the American Institute for Cancer Research and the World Cancer Research fund that took a closer look at 119 studies involving more than 12 million women globally, and the impact of nutrition, diet, and physical activity on breast cancer risk. Although a typical alcoholic beverage contains 14 grams of alcohol, the report finds that even a small glass of wine, beer, or spirits (one with as little as 10 grams of alcohol) is tied to a 5% increased cancer risk in pre-menopausal women and 9% in post-menopausal women, indicating there may be "no level of alcohol use that is completely safe" when it comes to breast cancer, Ann McTiernan, one of the study's lead authors, tells the Post. Some good news: Researchers also found exercise plays a role in one's risk level—specifically, "vigorous" exercise on a regular basis cut the risk of breast cancer for both pre-menopausal women (a 17% reduction) and post-menopausal women (a 10% cut). So what if you like to throw one back but also often hit the gym? McTiernan notes alcohol increases estrogen levels, which has been tied to breast cancer risk, and that exercise can tamp those levels down—though that doesn't necessarily mean it will cancel out alcohol's effects. Although a healthy lifestyle doesn't offer complete assurance that cancer will stay away—McTiernan compares it to wearing a seatbelt, per the Post—the AICR estimates that a third of US breast cancer cases could be avoided if women kept to a healthy weight, exercised regularly, and didn't drink. (Alcohol has been tied to at least half a dozen types of cancer.)