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 2009 Edition Part 7 Figure 7B-1. School Area Signs 
 
 Figure 7B-1. School Area Signs 
 
 This figure shows 30 school area signs and sign assemblies. 
 
 A sign assembly is shown labeled "School Advance Crossing Assembly." It is shown composed of an S1-1 sign above a W16-9P, W16-2aP, W16-2P, W16-5P, or W16-6P horizontal rectangular fluorescent yellow-green plaque with a black border and lettering. S1-1 is shown as an upward-pointing pentagon-shaped fluorescent yellow-green sign with a black border and black symbols of two left-facing children walking. W16-9P is shown with the word "AHEAD." Below this plaque, the word "OR" is shown and another plaque, labeled W16-2aP. W16-2aP is shown with the words "200 FT." Below this plaque, the word "OR" is shown and another plaque, labeled W16-2P. W16-2P is shown with the words "200 FEET" on two lines. Below this plaque, the word "OR" is shown and another plaque, labeled W16-5P (optional). W16-5P is shown with a horizontal arrow pointing to the left. Below this plaque, the word "OR" is shown and another plaque, labeled W16-6P(optional). W16-6P is shown with a right-angle arrow pointing up and to the left. 
 
 A sign assembly is shown labeled "School Crossing Assembly." It is shown composed of a fluorescent yellow-green S1-1 sign above a horizontal rectangular fluorescent yellow-green plaque with a black border and a diagonal black arrow pointing down and to the left. The plaque is labeled W16-7P. 
 
 A sign assembly is shown labeled "School Zone Sign." It is shown composed of a fluorescent yellow-green S1-1 sign above two horizontal rectangular fluorescent yellow-green plaques with black borders and legends. The top one has the words "ALL YEAR" and is labeled S4-7P (optional). The bottom one has the words "SCHOOL" and is labeled S4-3P (optional). Below this plaque, the word "OR" is shown and another plaque, labeled W16-5P (optional). W16-5P is shown with a horizontal arrow pointing to the left. Below this plaque, the word "OR" is shown and another plaque, labeled W16-6P(optional). W16-6P is shown with a right-angle arrow pointing up and to the left. 
 
 A sign assembly is shown labeled "School Speed Limit Assembly." It is shown composed of an S4-3P plaque above an R2-1 sign above an S4-1P, S4-2P, S4-4P, or S4-1P and S4-6P horizontal rectangular white plaque with a black border and lettering. S4-3P is shown as a horizontal rectangular fluorescent yellow-green plaque with a black border and the word "SCHOOL" in black. R2-1 is shown as a vertical rectangular white sign with a black border and the words "SPEED LIMIT 20" in black on three lines, with a large numeral "20." S4-1P is shown with the words "7:30-8:30 AM" and "2:30-3:30 PM" in black on two lines. Below the S4-1P plaque, the word "OR" is shown and another plaque, labeled S4-2P. S4-2P is shown with the words "WHEN CHILDREN ARE PRESENT" on three lines. Below this plaque, the word "OR" is shown and another plaque, labeled S4-4P. S4-4P is shown with the words "WHEN FLASHING" on two lines. Below this plaque, the word "OR" is shown and two more plaques mounted one above the other, labeled S4-1P and S4-6P. S4-1P is shown with the words "7:30-8:30 AM" and "2:30-3:30 PM" in black on two lines. S4-6P is shown with the words "MON-FRI." 
 
 S3-1 is shown as a diamond-shaped fluorescent yellow-green sign with a black border and legend. It shows a short vertical arrow pointing up above a head-on symbol of a school with its stop sign extended to the left, a flashing red light above the driver's seat, and two symbols of children walking to the right of the bus. 
 
 S3-2 is shown as a diamond-shaped fluorescent yellow-green sign with a black border and the words "SCHOOL BUS TURN AHEAD" in black on three lines. 
 
 S4-5 is shown as a diamond-shaped fluorescent yellow-green sign with a black border and legend. It shows an upward-pointing short vertical black arrow above a vertical rectangular white sign with a black border and legend. The top portion of the sign is fluorescent yellow-green above a horizontal dividing line. The word "SCHOOL" is shown above this dividing line. In the white portion of the sign, the words "SPEED LIMIT 20" are shown on three lines. 
 
 S4-5a is shown as a diamond-shaped fluorescent yellow-green sign with a black border and the words "20 MPH SCHOOL ZONE AHEAD" in black on three lines. 
 
 S5-1 is shown as a vertical rectangular white sign with a black border and black lettering. The top portion of the sign is fluorescent yellow-green above a horizontal dividing line. The word "SCHOOL" is shown above this dividing line. In the white portion of the sign, the words "SPEED LIMIT 20 WHEN FLASHING" are shown on five lines with the words "SPEED LIMIT 20" in large letters. Mounted below this sign, a square white sign is shown with a black border and the words "FINES HIGHER" in black on two lines. It is labeled R2-6P (optional). 
 
 S5-2 is shown as a vertical rectangular white sign with a black border and the words "END SCHOOL ZONE" in black on three lines. 
 
 S5-3 is shown as a vertical rectangular white sign with a black border and the words "END SCHOOL SPEED LIMIT" in black on four lines. 
 
 R2-10 is shown as a vertical rectangular white sign with a black border and the words "BEGIN HIGHER FINES ZONE" in black on four lines. 
 
 R2-11 is shown as a vertical rectangular white sign with a black border and the words "END HIGHER FINES ZONE" in black on four lines. 
 
 Back to Chapter 7B ||||| Seattle school zones display one sign too many, a judge agreed in dismissing a driver’s camera-generated $234 speeding ticket. 
 
 For the second time, a judge has tossed out a camera-generated speeding ticket by ruling that Seattle’s school-zone signs are too wordy. 
 
 The city mailed Jason Canfield a $234 citation in May 2016 for driving 28 mph on Delridge Way Southwest, when flashing amber lights imposed a 20 mph limit. Seattle Municipal Court upheld the fine. 
 
 But he took the case to King County Superior Court, acting as his own attorney. 
 
 Judge Catherine Moore reversed the Municipal Court decision, basically siding with Canfield on two points: 
 
 • City signs say the 20 mph limit applies “WHEN CHILDREN ARE PRESENT�? “OR WHEN FLASHING.�? But national standards prescribe only one such small sign, not both — so drivers can react faster. 
 
 • Though the city argued its signs are in “substantial compliance�? with national guidance, Washington state code requires they match the examples and regulations in the federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). 
 
 Canfield, who works in juvenile probation, was driving south and looking for a client’s apartment along Delridge, then a 35 mph corridor. Canfield says he saw the flashers too late to decelerate to 20 mph. The time was 9:14 a.m., or 21 minutes before the start of class at Louisa Boren STEM K-8 school. He recalls seeing no children along the street. 
 
 “I have an 8-year-old daughter, and I’m not in favor of speeding in school zones,�? he said. He suggests the Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) install stronger advance-warning signs. “To make it so people pay fines unintentionally, that’s dishonest.�? 
 
 Learn more about Traffic Lab » | Follow us on Twitter » Traffic Lab is a Seattle Times project that digs into the region’s thorny transportation issues, spotlights promising approaches to easing gridlock, and helps readers find the best ways to get around. It is funded with the help of community sponsors Alaska Airlines, CenturyLink, Kemper Development Co., NHL Seattle, PEMCO Mutual Insurance Company, Sabey Corp., Seattle Children’s hospital and Ste. Michelle Wine Estates. Seattle Times editors and reporters operate independently of our funders and maintain editorial control over Traffic Lab content. 
 
 Officials at SDOT won’t yet say whether they plan to alter or remove any signs. 
 
 Speed cameras exist across the country. Seattle has gradually installed them at 14 schools since late 2012. 
 
 They’re part of the Vision Zero campaign, in which 27 U.S. cities have pledged to eliminate traffic deaths, by 2030 in the case of Seattle and Bellevue. 
 
 “Photo enforcement is effective at reducing the higher-speed driving in those areas,�? said Dr. Beth Ebel, director of the Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center. 
 
 Lower speeds are based on physics. 
 
 Someone hit at 20 mph has a 95 percent chance of survival, which falls to 60 percent at 30 mph and 20 percent when hit at 40 mph, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 
 
 “’What you’re buying is survival for people. You’re also buying more time, to avoid hitting anyone at all,�? Ebell said. 
 
 A total of 28 cities and counties in Washington state operate or have used automated cameras to enforce speed limits, red lights, or both, says the Municipal Research and Services Center. 
 
 By ordinance, Seattle school-camera fines are reinvested into school-area safety improvements such as sidewalks, trails, stairways, signals and education. 
 
 Millions of dollars 
 
 Seattle collected $8.2 million last year, of which $5.9 million remained for safety projects after payment to a camera contractor and other operating costs. Twelve additional schools are being studied for possible camera-enforcement next year. 
 
 At the first four schools (Olympic View, Broadview-Thompson, Thurgood Marshall and Gatewood), citation totals declined 62 percent from 47,348 in 2013 to 18,024 this past year. 
 
 That’s proof drivers are getting the message to slow down, a city report says. 
 
 In the three years before speed cameras, there were 21 collisions during school start and end times next to the 14 schools. Only six collisions happened in the 18 to 36 months since cameras arrived, according to city data. Most were between vehicles, while crashes into bicyclists and pedestrians declined from two to zero. 
 
 Traffic collisions claim about 20 lives per year in Seattle. Among pedestrians, there were six deaths and 59 serious injuries this past year, according to data the state forwarded to The Seattle Times. Bellevue’s Vision Zero program reports five serious pedestrian injuries and one death last year. 
 
 Canfield’s case, ruled on last month, resembles the 2014 win by Joe Hunt, who got his speed-camera ticket on Greenwood Avenue North canceled by arguing that signs marked “WHEN LIGHTS ARE FLASHING�? contained too many words, and violated the manual. 
 
 The city subsequently replaced signs at four schools to say “WHEN FLASHING,�? the norm in other Washington cities. But placards remained that say, “OR WHEN CHILDREN ARE PRESENT,�? which Canfield just challenged. 
 
 Hunt’s win inspired another driver, Nicholas Boone, to file a class-action lawsuit seeking refunds for drivers like Hunt. As many as 70,000 motorists were fined up to $10 million in four school-camera zones from December 2012 to May 2014. The city won that case in superior court and an appeal is pending. 
 
 However, the city attorney’s office called the Canfield case a routine matter. The ruling “concludes the case and dismisses Mr. Canfield’s ticket; the ruling is not binding on anyone else,�? a spokeswoman said. 
 
 Canfield uncovered an interesting twist in the law: the word “CHILDREN�? was shorthand for schoolchildren. Therefore, that second sign is redundant, if you assume that amber flashers work properly during 1½ hours per day schoolchildren might come and go to class. 
 
 He spent about $800 in filing fees, records gathering, photocopies and transcription fees, or nearly four times the amount of the fine. 
 
 “The reason I kept going, I think — it ended up almost being like a hobby. It was kind of stressful but also kind of fun,�? he says. “I got into it, reading the MUTCD.�? 
 
 Canfield said he’ll be satisfied if the city installs briefer signs, and simpler advance-warning signs, so drivers can avoid a $234 “gut punch�? even if they’re unfamiliar with the neighborhood. 
 
 “It has to be making-money, or keeping kids safe. It can’t be both,�? he said. 
 
 A postscript: In December, the city reduced the maximum speed on Delridge from 35 mph to 30 mph, part of an ongoing initiative to lower arterial speeds citywide. 
 
 So it should be easier to get down to 20 mph, before a car meets the merciless eye of the camera. ||||| 0 Judge tosses Seattle speeding ticket over wordy sign 
 
 A Burien man took on the city of Seattle after he received a speeding ticket and got that ticket thrown out for being too wordy. 
 
 But Jason Canfield said his fight is not over yet, because he wants Seattle’s Department of Transportation to review and improve its signage. 
 
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 “I want to let people know [about it], so there’s some pressure on the city,” he said. 
 
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 Canfield said back in May of 2016, signs on Delridge Way Southwest told him there was a school in the vicinity, but did not warn him that the speed limit was dropping to 20 miles an hour ahead. 
 
 When he got to the actual speed limit sign, which is accompanied by flashers and a notice of photo enforcement, he said he found the instructions confusing for a moment because of how many messages were posted on the pole. 
 
 “It’s definitely something that impacts your reaction time, because you need time to see a sign, react to it, and then hit the brakes and slow down,” he said. “It takes quite a while to do that.” 
 
 Canfield got a $234 ticket. Then he began researching and discovered that national standards call for only one plaque that says 'WHEN FLASHING'. The sign in question had two — one that reads, 'WHEN CHILDREN ARE PRESENT’ and other that reads, ‘OR WHEN FLASHING.’ After the ticket was upheld in Seattle Municipal Court, Canfield appealed and a King County Superior Court judge ruled in his favor on May 26. 
 
 It's similar to a case from 2014 in which local attorney Joe Hunt got his ticket in a North Seattle school zone thrown out because the sign said ‘WHEN LIGHTS ARE FLASHING’ — two too many words. 
 
 “It sounds like it's a technicality, but there's a significant difference,” Hunt said then. 
 
 In 2014, the Seattle Department of Transportation changed four of its signs. 
 
 This time, SDOT told KIRO 7 it is still getting up to speed on what this ruling means for them. An SDOT spokesperson said Wednesday in an email, “While the department does evaluate and monitor safety programs, making adjustments when necessary to improve safety efficiency, Seattle is one hundred percent committed to our Vision Zero mission. Therefore, I can't imagine that we will reduce efforts to keep students safe any time soon." 
 
 SDOT said that speed cameras and their signs have been a success in reducing collisions, the main focus of Vision Zero. 
 
 Canfield said he wants students to be safe as well. 
 
 “I don't want people speeding in school zones,” he said. He hopes SDOT will review the federal manual and see where the city could make things clearer for drivers. 
 
 “Give people an opportunity to follow the law, rather than, ‘We'll nail you once and then you’ll know better next time,’” he said. 
 
 As for any other people who might be hoping to appeal their tickets as well, KIRO 7 discovered that municipal court judges are not bound by this one superior court ruling. That means they can rule however they want on other people’s tickets. 
 
 If people choose to appeal a ruling against them to the superior court level, they should know Canfield has already spent about $800 fighting the ticket and has not received $234 back for the ticket so far. 
 
 © 2018 Cox Media Group.
– When Jason Canfield got a speeding ticket in May 2016, he didn't pull out his checkbook to pay the $234 fine: He started gathering records of national and state traffic codes to contest the charge of driving too fast in a Seattle school zone. And his efforts paid off, with a King County Superior judge tossing the camera-generated citation in May, per the Seattle Times. Canfield's winning argument centered on what he says were overly verbose road signs. He says he was driving in a 35mph zone on the day of the infraction when, just after 9am, he cruised past a K-8 school, which suddenly placed him in a 20mph zone. A speed camera caught him driving 28mph. He argued the too-wordy signage calling for a slowdown to 20mph "when children are present" (Canfield says they weren't) or "when flashing" (referring to the warning lights) was confusing enough to slow down drivers' reaction times. Further, national standards specify only one of the two signs appear. The speed cameras are part of Seattle's participation in the national Vision Zero campaign, designed to eliminate traffic deaths. A city report shows drivers may be heeding the warnings, with a significant reduction in collisions near Seattle schools with the speed cameras installed. Canfield, who spent about $800 to fight the ticket, isn't against the initiative in principle: He has an 8-year-old daughter and says, "I'm not in favor of speeding in school zones." He just wants clearer signs. An SDOT rep tells KIRO 7, "I can't imagine ... we will reduce efforts to keep students safe anytime soon."