pixel video (76 000 pixels). Users of camcorders expected to have 720 by 480 pixel DV resolution (345 600 pixels) more or less equivalent to 640 by 480 pixel VGA (307 200 pixels). This gave adequate quality when displayed on a computer monitor. The other format found in video phones in 2005 was 176 by 144 pixel QCIF (25 344 pixels) derived from 352 by 288 pixel CIF (101 376 pixels), which is one quarter the size of a standard 704 by 576 pixel PAL TV image known as 4CIF (405 504 pixels). Note that CIF (common intermediate format) is a standard originally from the TV in- dustry, whereas VGA (video graphics array) was introduced in 1987 as a standard for de- scribing computer monitor resolution. The VGA standard, however, included 1920 by 1080 pixel high-definition TV (2.073 megapixel) that at that time was an aspiration but is now a common reality. Today, HD video recorders are available for around £300 and will work in conditions of almost total darkness (around one and a half lux) and when required can realise a still image resolution of seven or eight megapixels. Just as digital cameras can now perform as video camcorders, video camcorders can also perform as a still image camera. A contemporary product such as Panasonic HDC SD905 is a 1080-pixel HD device that shoots at up to 50 frames a second with an optional additional lens for capturing 3D images. 9.2.2 Resolution, Displays and the Human Visual System Just as in audio systems where you would not generally marry a £5000 amplifier to a pair of £5.00 speakers, there is not much point in capturing high-quality video and showing it on a low-resolution display. From an end-user-experience perspective the useful most relevant measure of display quality is perceived picture quality. This can either be done by establishing a 'subjective quality factor' that is more or less equivalent to the mean opinion scoring used in voice. A more objective http://www.panasonic.co.uk/html/en_GB/Products/Camcorders/1MOS+HD+Camcorders/HDC-SD90/ Overview/6828169/index.html?gclid=CMHi