ders, 464-465 197-198 telecommunications: Symbian, 474 in Africa, 482-483 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (see SDH) defined, 2 Synchronous Optical Network (see Telecommunications Act of 1996, 233, SONET) 456, 461 synchronous payload envelope Telecommunications Development (SPE), 183 Sector (TDS), 6 synchronous timing, 190 telecommunications industry: synchronous transport signal (see STS) innovation in, 230 systems manufacturers, 470-471 profitability in, 218 Systems Network Architecture regulation of, 226-240 (SNA), 106 Telecommunications Standardization Bureau (TSB), 8-9 Telecommunications Standardization Sector (see ITU-T; TSS) Telefonica, 327 T1 standard, 119, 186 Teleglobe Canada, 348 table swapping, 108 telegraph networks, 95 tags, RFID, 338-339, 343 telegraphs, 130 tandem switch, 234 Telenet, 37 tape formats (video), 274 Telephone: The First 100 Years (John T-Carrier, 95, 168-173, 201, 202, 208 Brooks), 102 Index telephone network, 102-105, 126-196 interface standards, 139 bandwidth, 167-168 optical, 402-404 cable network vs., 307 parallel, 16, 17 calling process, 144-148 in Physical Layer, 119-120 central office, 155-164 radio, 313-314 and history of telephony, 130-141 serial, 6 interoffice trunking, 164-167 simplex, 17 SDH, 192-196 spread-spectrum, 351-354 Second Avenue fire, 126-129 of still images, 270 SONET, 177-184, 187-193 Transmission Control Protocol (see TCP) TMN, 221-222 transmission convergence sublayer topology of, 148-155 (ATM), 384 voice digitization, 196-208 transponders, RFID, 337-339 voice transport, 167-177 transport channels, 19-21 voice-over IP, 208-220 transport Layer (OSI model), 60, 89, telephony, 310-311 91-94 cellular, 311, 317-322 Transport Layer (TCP/IP), 444 449 history of, 130-141 Transport Overhead, 183 Internet, 209, 215, 239 transport technologies, 18-19, 370-371 television, 271, 276 ATM, 379-393 bandwidth for, 314-316 BPL, 428-429 CATV, 303 DWDM, 418-420 and spectrum allocation, 315-317 fixed, 18 Telkom, 482 frame relay, 374-379 Telus, 210, 460 Internet, 430-451 TeraBeam, 33