 router is able to independently build a topology map of the network. A router using a link-state protocol advertising changes in its neighbors to the network, will quickly cause recalculation of the network topology graphs in the other routers. From the routing protocols we describe here, the RIPng is effectively not used in 3GPP networks, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is usually used only for routing between ASs, even if it can be configured to work also as an interior routing protocol, and for internal routing purposes OSPFv3 and IS-IS are used due to their superior route convergence times. The OSPFv3 and IS-IS cannot be used for inter-Autonomous System routing purposes. Changes to RIPng Changes were required for RIPng routers to store the following IPv6-related information in their routing table: an IPv6 prefix for a destination, a metric value representing the cost of sending packets to the destination, the next hop address towards the destination, a flag indicating if the route has changed recently, and a set of timers. For the neighbors a RIPng router tells its each IPv6 route table entry consisting of a prefix and its length, a metric, and a route tag entry. Introduction to IPv6 Changes to BGP for IPv6 IETF defined IPv6 changes for the BGP in RFC 4760, which defines a protocol called MP-BGP [150]. The core of the BGP protocol did not require any changes, but what was required for IPv6 was the addition of IP address family independent ways to bind a network layer protocol to the next hop and the network layer reachability information. The network layer reachability information includes an IPv6 prefix and its length. Additionally, due to the scoped addressing architecture of IPv6, the MP-BGP needs to be aware not advertise the AS's internal prefixes (such as those using ULA and link-local prefixes) to other networks [152]. Changes to OSPF for IPv6 The OSPF version supporting IPv6 is version three - often referred as OSPFv3 [138]. The main changes that IPv6 caused were related to addressing semantics for