ng envisioned for feature enhancements in 3GPP R18 standards, including sup- port for positioning, sidelink communication, and unlicensed spectrum operation. Hardware-centric modem implementations require next-generation device development for such features. A software-centric implementation does not and therefore can support a longer field deployment. References D. Jiang, et al., IEEE 802.11 p: towards an international standard for wireless access in vehicular environ- ments, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC), p. 2036-2040, 2008. [2] NR, Study on support of reduced capability NR devices, 3GPP TR 38.875, 2020. Chapter 11 Differentiation by use case Further reading NR, Study on physical layer enhancements for NR ultra-reliable and low latency case (URLLC), 3GPP TR 38.824. NR, Architecture enhancements for 5G System (5GS) to support Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) services, 3GPP TS 23.287, 38.824: 2018; 23.287: 2018. This page intentionally left blank Index Note: Page numbers followed by "f" and "t" refer to figures and tables, respectively. Automatic gain control, 84 Access and Mobility Management Function Automatic Neighbor Relations (ANR), 205 (AMF), 47 Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), 61, 245-246 Acknowledged Mode (AM), 220-221 Acknowledgment (ACK), 180-181, 202-203 Acknowledgment SN (ACK_SN), 220 Backhaul IO, 148-149 Acknowledgment/negative acknowledgment Backhaul testing, 345 (ACK/NACK), 126 Bandwidth (BW), 22-23, 112 Active users, 249 Bandwidth adaptation (BA), 67-69 selection, 251 Bandwidth parts/partitioning (BWP), 5-6, 67-69, Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR), 78, 335 320-321 Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX), 176 Bare metal/RTOS, 183 Agile development, 329 Base Station (BS), 43 All-in-one base station, 15, 15f output power, 335 Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP), 53 scheduler algorithms, 242-248 Analog gain control, 84 combined quality of service and Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC), 159-162 opportunistic schedulers, 247 Analog-to-digital converter, 77 multiuser multiple input multiple outp