pecifications on next generation network management to satisfy the requirements in various technology and domain segments. 17.5 Conclusion ITU-T and TMF came up with many more documents for NGNM, other than M.3060 and TR133. Some of the notable ones include ITU-T M.3016 series on security for the management plane, ITU-T M.3050 series on enhanced telecom operations map that is based on the TMF document GB921, ITU-T M.3341 for QoS/SLA management service, ITU-TM.3350 on ETS management service, TMF shared information and data model GB922, and TMF513 on multitechnology net- work management (MTNM). Other standardizing bodies that have published specifications for NGNM include: 3GPP: The specifications were mainly on charging management and integra- tion reference points (IRP) for alarm, configuration, notification, and state management. ATIS: Specification on usage data management for packet-based services. DMTF: Their main contributions include the common information model (CIM) and web-based enterprise management (WBEM). ETSI: Main documents were TS 188 001 on NGN OSS architecture, TS 188 003 on NGN OSS requirements, and TS 188 004 on NGN OSS vision. IETF: Contributions include the NETCONF protocol that is mainly quoted as NGNM protocol, SNMPv3, and SMIv2 (structure of management infor- mation version 2). MEF: Main document was titled EMS-NMS information model, which was to detail interface standards for Metro Ethernet Network. There were many more documents on NGNM from various standardizing bodies and this chapter is just to provide a basic understanding of NGNM to the reader. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS Additional Reading 1. M.3060 document that can be downloaded from www.itu.int 2. TR133 document from TMF that can be downloaded from www.tmforum.org 3. Guy Pujolle. Management, Control and Evolution of IP Networks. New York: WileyBlackwell, 2008. 4. Yan Ma, Deokjai Choi, and Shingo Ata. Challenges for Next Generation Network Operations and Service Management. New York: Springer, 2008. Chapter 18 XML-Based 