owed there than what is possible with below 5.350 GHz. The simulation result presented assumes fully loaded Wi-Fi network and corresponds thus for the worst-case results. If a Wi-Fi network is only slightly loaded, or in the extreme case sending only the periodic beacon signal, then the use of the same 20 MHz channel provides hardly any reduction to LTE capacity. Even with strong Wi-Fi signal LTE can reach more or less the maximum capacity when Wi-Fi is sending data not too often. An example utilization measurement is shown in Figure 10.13, in which network utilization of the lower part of 5 GHz band in time domain is also observed. When the utilization is below 20%, then there is clearly room for other networks to share the same channel if fully free channel cannot be found. With such low utilization, the LTE capacity would not be impacted too much even if the Wi-Fi signal is stronger than the energy detection threshold used. Free channels space for 5250-5350 MHz = 100 MHz Figure 10.12 Example measurement over the full 5 GHz band in Europe LTE Small Cell Optimization Utilization at: -85 dBm Figure 10.13 Example network utilization at lower part of 5 GHz band 10.9 Coverage with LTE in 5 GHz Band One of the aspects with 5 GHz band is the limits for the maximum transmission power. As such this is not a new element for LTE as there has been lot of work done for optimizations for small cells operation with different eNodeB power classes being defined. The use of 5 GHz band itself causes naturally higher penetration loss due to walls and windows than lower frequency bands, but not necessarily drastically different from the 3.5 GHz band, especially for line-of-sight scenarios. The link budget shows the maximum path loss between the terminal antenna and the base station antenna. The link budget can be used to estimate the maximum cell range with suitable propagation models. The link budgets can also be used to estimate the relative coverage of LAA and Wi-Fi. This section shows the coverage benchmarking between LAA and W