one TPC command (see more details in [11]). Algorithm 23 UE is not in soft handover, each slot receives only one TPC command and the UE processes received TPC commands on a 5-slot cycle. The non-overlapping sets of 5 slots align to the frame boundaries. The TPC_cmd logic is a follows: The first 4 slots of a set have TPC_cmd = 0. In the fifth slot of a set, the UE uses hard decisions on each of the 5 re- ceived TPC commands as follows [11]: If all 5 hard decisions within a set are 1 then TPC_cmd = 1 in the 5th slot. If all 5 hard decisions within a set are 0 then TPC_cmd = -1 in the 5th slot. Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0 in the 5th slot. 2. UE is in soft handover, each slot receives multiple TPC commands from differ- ent cells in the active set. UE is in soft handover, each slot may receive multiple TPC commands from different cells in the active set. In receiver diversity (i.e. softer handover), the UTRAN transmits the same command in all the serving cells the UE is in softer handover with, and the TPC commands known to be the same get combined into one TPC command (see more details in [11]). After deriving the combined TPC command TPC_cmd using one of the two supported algorithms, the UE adjusts the transmit power of the uplink DPCCH with a step of ADPCCH (in dB), which is given by ADPCCH = ATPCX TPC_cmd. Out of sync handling The UE shuts its transmitter off when the UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the last 200 ms period to be worse than a threshold Qout This criterion never occurs during the first 200 ms of the dedicated channel's existence. The UE can turn its transmitter on when the UE estimates the DPCCH quality over the last 200 ms period to be better than a threshold Qin. This criterion always occurs during the first 200 ms of the dedicated channel's existence. At the transmission resumption the power of the DPCCH shall re- main the same as when the UE transmitter went off [12]. Allows emulation of smaller step sizes than the minimum power control step or to turn off uplink power control. The UTRA Physical L