r alphabets require. The Internet Transitioning to IPv6 The main addressing scheme used on the Internet is IPv4. It was developed in the 1970s and is only 32 bits long. On January 31, 2011 the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which manages the central supply of Internet addresses, gave out the last of their IPv4 addresses to each of the five regional Internet registries. By April 2011, the Asia Pacific region had given out all of their addresses, and the remaining four registries are expected to distribute all of their addresses within the next few years, Capacity is being depleted by the addition of new Internet-enabled wireless devices and the growing number of Internet users, particularly in Asia. To ensure that they will be able to get new IP addresses, most organizations are now transitioning to the newer 128-bit IPv6 protocol, which is capable of accommodating billions of additional addresses. Most carriers have transitioned to IPv6. The IPv6 IEEE standard was pub- lished in 1998. Most new routers, web browsers, and computers are compatible with both IPv4 and IPv6. However, many organizations are still using IPv4 in some of their network- ing equipment. The transition to IPv6 can be complex because it means assigning new addresses to every device with an IP address, including routers, firewalls, network management software, and all servers, including e-mail servers. In addition, it's not a simple matter to determine which applications and devices are compatible with IPv6. Enterprises that transition to IPv6 often need to be able to handle messages that are still in the older IPv4 scheme. Encapsulating IPv6 addresses within IPv4 can address this problem. There are also software packages that support both protocols. SECURITY THREATS FROM INTERNAL, EXTERNAL, AND INTERNATIONAL SOURCES Prior to the advent of the Internet, organizations kept important documents secure by putting them into locked file cabinets, accessible only to authorized individuals. In contrast, strategic information and databases w