.3.2 Impact of Discontinuous Reception Smartphone Operating Systems Messaging Applications Streaming Applications Voice over LTE 16.7.1 VoLTE System Architecture 16.7.2 VoLTE Performance Analysis 16.7.3 Standby Performance 16.7.4 Impact of Network Loading and Radio Quality Smartphone Battery, Baseband and RF Design Aspects 16.8.1 Trends in Battery Capacity 16.8.2 Trends in Cellular Chipset Power Consumption 16.8.3 Impact of Small Cells on Smartphone Power Consumption Summary References Further Outlook for LTE Evolution and 5G Antti Toskala and Karri Ranta-aho 17.1 Introduction Further LTE-Advanced Beyond Release 13 Towards 5G 5G Spectrum Key 5G Radio Technologies Expected 5G Schedule 17.7 Conclusions References Index Preface We have witnessed a fast growth in mobile broadband capabilities during the last 10 years in terms of data rates, service availability, number of customers and data volumes. The launch of the first LTE network in December 2009 further boosted the growth of data rates and capacities. LTE turned out to be a success because of efficient performance and global economics of scale. The first LTE-Advanced network started in 2013, increasing the data rate to 300 Mbps by 2014, 450 Mbps in 2015 and soon to 1 Gbps. The number of LTE networks had grown globally to more than 460 by end 2015. This book focuses on those solutions improving the practical LTE performance: small cells and network optimization. The small cells are driven by the need to increase network capacity and practical user data rates. The small cell deployment creates a number of new challenges for practical deployment ranging from interference management to low-cost products, site solutions and optimization. The network optimization targets to squeeze everything out of the LTE radio in terms of coverage, capacity and end-user performance. 1. Introduction 9. Learnings from Small Cell Deployments 2. LTE and LTE-Advanced 10. LTE on Unlicensed Spectrum 5 GHz in Releases 8-11 11. LTE Macro Cell 3. LTE-Advanced in Evolution Releases 12-13 12.