Osgood, B., 170 complex, 305, 307, 627, 653-5 Outcome, see Event prime, 302, 672 Output (non-confusable), 258 rational, 649 Overhead (information), 159, 160, 162, 199, 209, relatively prime, 658 Numerals Arabic, 128 Parallellism (quantum), see Quantum Hindu-Arabic, 128 Pareto probability distribution, see Probability Roman, 127-8 Parity Nyquist, H., 50 bit, see Bit Nyquist sampling rate, 269 check matrix, see Matrix check polynomial, see Polynomial Observable, 307, 346, 359, 433, 440, 502, 635 Parsing, 200 conjugate, 348 distinct (-), 200, 205, 610 mean, 347 Partial trace/tracing, see Matrix non (-), 313, 344, 345, 357 Party (meeting), 15-16 variance, 347 Pauli, W., 312 Octal representation, 221 Pauli On-off keying (OOK), 226, 228, 272 matrices, see Matrix vector, 630 time-pad cipher, 529 Payload, 162, 209 way function, 534, 657 bit, see Bit OOK, see On-off pattern, 225 Operator, 311 PDA (personal digital assistant), 603 density, 333, 341-3, 431, 432, 434, 450, 458, 476, PDF, see Probability 482, 665 PDH (plesiosynchronous digital hierarchy), 592 diagonal representation, 333 Perec, G., 186 exponential, 628-9 Permutation, 9 Index Personal digital assistant, see Personal POVM measurement, see Measurement Phase, 345 Prefix, see Codeword eigenstates, 345 Prefix code, see Code estimation, 399-404 Prime flip channel, see Quantum channel decomposition into (-), 410, 424 measurement operator, 345 factorization/factoring into (-), see Factorization non-observable (-) factor, 625, 631 number, see Number Philips, 592 relatively, see Number Phonon, 65 Privacy amplification, 524, 557 Photocurrent, 278 Proakis, J. .G., 221, 223, 589 Photon, 65, 544, 549, 551, 556 Probability distribution circularly-polarized, 552 Bernoulli, 24, 25 communication channel, 551, 554-8 beta, 90 energy, 577 binomial, 24, 25, 32 statistics, 576 Boltzmann, 65 Photonics, 32 Bose-Einstein (BE), 23, 65, 91, 573, 574, Picture compression, see Compression Cauchy, 90 motion, 161, 191 character, 57 still, 191 Chi/Chi-squared, 90 PKARK, 207 combined, 13 PKZIP