IRP 79.43 (EIRP = ERP + 2dB) 33.00 34.00 P=M-N+ (EIRP ERP + 2dB) 30.00 49.00 P=M-N+O Path loss due to ant.body loss Path loss due to ant./body loss Isotropic path loss 133.00 133.00 R=P-F-Q Isotropic path loss 146.00 146.00 R=P-F-Q Output and Effect of Link Budget Calculations Path loss and received power: This is the main output of the link budget calculations. The losses in signal strength that occur during transmission from the TX antenna to the RX antenna are given by the path loss, while the received power is the result of the path loss phenomenon. All the factors that contribute to increases (e.g. antenna gains) and RADIO NETWORK DETAILED PLANNING decreases (e.g. losses due to propagation) are taken into account during the calculations. The better the input data accuracy, the more accurate the results. Cell range: If the path loss is lessened, the signal from the transmitter (BTS) antenna will cover more distance, SO increasing the area covered by one BTS. Thus, the power budget calculations play a direct role in determining the covered area, and SO deciding on the number of base stations that will be required in a network. Coverage threshold: The downlink signal strength at the cell border for a given location probability is known the coverage threshold. Although slow fade margin and MS isotropic power can be used to calculate this value, power budget calculations are used for this purpose. Propagation models are used for more accurate calculation of the cell range and coverage area (refer to Example 3). 2.4.2 Frequency Hopping Frequency hopping (FH) is a technique that basically improves the channel to interference (C/I) ratio by utilising many frequency channels. Employment of the FH technique also improves the link budget due to its effects: frequency diversity and interference diversity. The frequency diversity technique increases the decorrelation between the various fre- quency bursts reaching the moving MS. The effects of fading due to propagation conditions reduces, thereby improving the signal lev