optimal distribution paths for datagrams sent to a multicast destination address spanning tree in real-time. Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem MBMS offers between 32kbit/s and 128kbit/s. Up to 4 GSM timeslots may be used for one MBMS bearer in downlink direction. The actual data rate per traffic slot depends on network dimensioning. The MBMS User Service is basically the MBMS Service Layer and offers a Streaming- and a Download Delivery Method. The Streaming Delivery method can be used for continuous transmissions like mobile TV services. The Download Method is intended for "Download and Play" services. To increase the transmission reliability, an application layer FEC code may be used. Further, a file-repair service may be offered to complement the download delivery method [13]. MBMS has been standardized in several groups of 3GPP and the first set of specifications was incorporated in Release 6. In Release 7 SFN property was added to MBMS and it was termed as MBSFN (MBMS Single Frequency Network). MBSFN requires that a dedicated carrier is used for MBMS only and these carriers must be tightly synchronized and use the same scrambling code and the same channelization code per service. This process will make the flow of signals from other cells as multipath components of one single transmission instead of other-cell interference in the case of soft combining. The difference between MBMS and MBSFN can be further realized from Figure 9.18. Figure 9.18 shows that in the case of MBMS multiple base stations specific CIRs (Carrier to Interference ratio) are sent to terminal while a combined CIR has been shared between the base stations and terminal via MBSFN. MBSFN uses a single common scrambling code and the same set of spreading codes to simultaneously broadcast bit identical MBMS data in a number of cells that form an MBMS cluster. Since inter-cell interference is largely reduced it leads to higher capacity and spectral efficiency [28]. Conventional MBMS BS specific CIRs to the Terminal Base station 1 M