, 218, 264 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network), 140, 220 public cloud, 49 public networks, 173-175 Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), 218, 264 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), 140, 220 punch-down blocks, 234-235 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 214-215, QoS (quality of service), 119 definition of, 92 IP PBX (Private Branch Exchange), 101-102, 119 QQ, 5, 234 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 214-215, Qualcomm, 21 quality of service. See QoS (quality of service) Quan, Mike, 35 Quattro Wireless, 167 Rackspace, 47,53, 82 Rand Corporation, 23 ransomware, 304 rate of return, 139, 141 rate shaping, 200 RBOCs (Regional Bell Operating Companies), 128, 168 RCN Telecom LLC, 153 Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), 120 recognition of attacks, 301 www.TechnicalPDF.com Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (ROADMs), 193-195 Red Hat, 46 redress against hackers, 304-305 redundancy controllers, 79 Layer 3 switches, 74 storage systems, 87, 89 regenerators, 9-10 Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), 128, 168 registered jacks, 234-235 regulatory issues, 138-140 A-CAM (Alternative Connect America Model), 141- cloud computing, 54 COPPA (Children's Online Privacy Protection Act), e-rate subsidies, 143 ICC (Intercarrier Compensation) fees, 139-141 landmark acts and court rulings, 167-168 Lifeline subsidies, 142-143 lobbying, 147-148 media consolidation issues, 144 rate of return guarantees, 139 robocalls, 144-146 Telecommunications Act, 128-130 Telecommunications Act of 1996, 128-130 universal service, 139 utility pole attachments, 138-139 Rekognition, 159 Relay Nodes (RNs), 352 reliability Internet, 292-293 national emergencies, services in, 218-220 Remote Radio Heads (RRHs), 352 www.TechnicalPDF.com repeaters, 354 reports, streaming media, 289-290 Requests for Comments (RFCs), 221 resellers, 154-155 residential VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) services, 231-232 resistance to hacking, 298-299 retransmission agreements, 216 revenue from search engines, 279 from streaming media, 286 RFCs (Request