ications Standards overview of, 339 Institute) Environment BRAN, 628-630 fiber optics and, 80-81 hierarchy of wireless standards, 618 restrictions on microwave, 56, 60 UMTS standardization, 599 VSATs subject to, 69 Euro-DOCSIS standards, 513-514 wireless communications subject to, 556 European Competitive Telecommunications Indus- EPCGlobal, 680 try Association (ECTA), 35 Ephemeral ports, 256 European Space Agency (ESA), 305 EPIC (Electronic Privacy Information Center), 682 European Telecommunications Standards Institute. EPONs (Ethernet PONs), 527-528 See ETSI (European Telecommunications Equipment identity register (EIR), 587 Standards Institute) Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), 37-40, Evil uses of technology, li-lii 77, 457-458 EWC (Enhanced Wireless Consortium), 646 Error concealment, VoIP, 327 ExEn (Execution Environment), 705 Error control Expedited Forwarding, DiffServ, 30 data flow, 164-165 Explicit QoS, 437 e-mail, 150 Expression eyeglasses, xliv Frame Relay and, 221 Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code HSDPA and, 603 (EBCDIC), 161 synchronous transmission, 163 Extended (E) links, 135 transaction processing, 151 Extended service set (ESS), 645 X.25, 218 Exterior routing protocols, 197, 262-264 Error rates External Network-to-Network Interface (E NNI), analog VS. digital networks, 21 coax cable, 54 Extranet twisted-pair, 51 defined, 252 ESA (European Space Agency), 305 VPNs, 356-357 ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload), 276 Extremely high frequency (EHF) satellites, 71-72 Index cable for, 74-75 F (fully associated) links, 135 characteristics of, 43, 73-74 Fading, 555 defining, 42 Fair Queuing (FQ), 296-297 EFM and, 482 Fashion, wearable intelligence, xliii evolution of, 73 Fast Ethernet, 181 FTTx in, 523-525 Fast hopping technique, 632 how it works, 76-77 Fast Low-Latency Access with Seamless Handoff innovations in, 77-78 OFDM (Flash-OFDM), 632-634 light sources in, 75-76 FCC (Federal Communications Commission), 12 overview of, 522 FDD (Frequency Division Duplex), 575, 601 PONs in, 525-528