ons [LAME05]. The measurements were taken They attribute this partly to higher diffraction losses at in a single workshop room of 6x6m The distance at higher frequencies. Fresnel zones are smaller too at which the spatial correlation coefficient was lower than higher frequencies but it is unclear whether this results in Macrocellular BS Microcellular BS 0.025 0.015 0.005 Azimuth deviation (°) Azimuth deviation (°) (a) Macrocellular case. (b) Microcellular case. Figure 4.7-40 Deviation between geometrical angle and the dominant AoA (after [HuKL02]). CHAPTER 4.7 Propagation modelling and channel characterisation Table 4.7-13 Measured indoor RMS delay spread for different frequency bands, NLoS and LoS in an empty room. UWB results are subband results cut from a full 10 GHz sweep, WB results are swept individually over 500 MHz (after [JäHH04]). Centre freq. Band-width RMS delay spread RMS delay spread RMS delay spread RMS delay spread [GHz] [MHz] LoS/[ns]UWB NLoS/[ns]UWB LoS/[ns]WB NLoS/[ns]WB 10.75 10,000 better propagation conditions for multipath components Modelling-based characterisation or in fewer available scatterers [Bult02a]. The common approach to characterisation of mobile Differences between UMTSFDD duplex bands in radio environments is by measurements. Nevertheless, urban environments were investigated by Salous and for simple user scenarios and simply structured envi- Gokalp, for Manchester city centre [SaGo01], and by ronments, analytical modelling can still provide insight in Foo et al. for Bristol city centre and suburbs [FBKE02]. fundamental phenomena. Hansen calculated power delay Salous and Gokalp used the UMIST proprietary channel profiles for chambers of a cubic shape for modelling sounder, to measure pedestrian and vehicular channels at short-range communication as in WLAN or ad-hoc net- two 60 MHz bands simultaneously, centred at 1950 and working applications [Hans03]. Based on ray-optical 2140 MHz, the UMTS uplink and downlink band re- theory and under the assumptions of well-mixed polar- sp