rge number of interconnected systems, plays a significant role too. In a system where many subcomponents interact in diverse ways, it may be found that undefined behaviors are also being manifest in the system with interactions not in accordance to any specification. Such complexity could inherently increase vulnerabilities in the system. Frameworks and Strategies for Resilience in Networks This section explains the different strategies for network resilience that have been used. We then assess the importance of some recent strategies in terms of applicability to the latest LTE networks. The Advanced Networked Systems Architecture (ANSA) project addressed aspects related to dependability in large-scale system design. Their strategy consists of eight stages: fault confinement, fault detection, fault diagnosis, reconfiguration, recovery, restart, repair, and reintegration. Performability is considered in terms of availability of acceptable levels of service. The Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) has developed a multilayer framework for network survivability, including four layers: Physical layer. Relating to the infrastructure available at the physical layer, including provision for geographic redundancy System layer. With representation of nodes and links between the nodes, including the ability to do switching of links based on survivability requirements Logical layer. With provisions for support of required capacity for the network on top of the physical layer Service layer. With resources required for voice and data services and having the intelligence to do dynamic routing and an ability to reconfigure to support survivability CHAPTER 5 NETWORK ROADMAP EVOLUTION The Computer Emergency Response Team at the Carnegie Mellon University proposes a four-step strategy, including Resistance. Covering topics of traditional security and offering resistance to threats Recognition. With tools to analyze real-time attacks and manage threat responses Recovery. Including usage of redundancy concepts a