place subscribers randomly in a predefined de- ployment scenario; each snapshot simulates a power control loop until it reaches a tar- The UTRA Transmission System get Eb/No; a simulation is made of several snapshots. We obtain the measured Eb/No by the measured C/I multiplied by the processing gain. UEs do not reach the target Eb/No at the end of a PC loop in the outage state. We con- sider satisfied users those able to reach at least (Eb/No -0.5 dB) at the end of a Power Control (PC) loop. Statistical data related to outage (satisfied users) are collected at the end of each snapshot. We model soft handover allowing a maximum of 2 BTS in the active set, where we set the window size of the candidate to 3 dB, and the cells in the active set are chosen ran- domly from the candidate set. We use selection combining in the uplink and maximum ratio combining in DL, and simulate uplink and downlink independently. 5.5.1.2 Simulated Scenarios We have already outlined the background of the simulated scenarios in Chapter 2. Nonetheless, here we briefly describe them again to introduce the proper context of the different environments considered, e.g. macro-cellular and micro-cellular environments with their respective cases, i.e. macro to macro multi-operator case and macro to micro case. 5.5.1.3 Macro to Macro Multi-Operator Case In a single operator layout we place BS on a hexagonal grid with distance of 1000 m; the cell radius is then equal to 577 m (see e.g. Figure 5.6). We assume BSs with omnidi- rectional antennas in the middle of the cell. In practice we use either 3 or 6 sector an- tennas. We also assume 19 cells (or higher) for each operator in the macro-cellular envi- ronment. This number appears suitable when using the wrap around technique. intersite Figure 5.6 Macro-cellular deployment. In the multi-operator case, we consider two shifting BSs shifting two operators, e.g. (worst case scenario) 577 m BS shift, and (intermediate case) 577/2 m BS shift. We do not consider the best case scenario (i.e. 0 m shifting = 