have six sectors, then we use k = 4.5. For time division synchronized CDMA (TD-SCDMA) smart antennas, we recommend k = 6. The occupancy term t takes traffic engineering into account. As discussed in Chap. 23, a system designed to serve traffic at a low blocking rate maintains some unused ca- pacity most of the time. As long as the services have gross chip rates significantly less than cW, the occupancy should be close to 1, say, t = 0.9. Utilization U is a different story. It reflects the fact that a growing system or a new system designed to grow is not going to make full use of all its capacity. When a cell reaches full capacity, we add a new cell, and we have two cells where we had one be- fore. While the actual process of splitting cells is a bit more complicated than the mi- tosis of one cell splitting to two, it is hard to keep the utilization of a growing system close to 1. A utilization value of U = may be a more realistic value for planning purposes. Another issue increasing the initial cell count is the planning horizon for the initial system setup. As we said in Sec. 31.1, we would like to have some time for our new sys- tem to settle in and for us to get used to it before we have to respond to its growth needs. Thus we should add a few months of anticipated growth to the cell count estimates. The combination of all these factors, estimates of demands of all the services, per- formance factors for CDMA, traffic engineering, and utilization due to growth, gives us an estimate of how many cells are required to serve the demand we expect for our CDMA system. Coverage is another factor increasing CDMA cell count. When traffic densities are low in the outer areas of a CDMA system, the larger cell radius reduces the radio sig- nal path gain and increases the relative importance of receiver noise. Link budgets (de- scribed in Sec. 1.9) for specific technology and equipment tell us the cell size and ca- pacity tradeoff, SO there is no general value we can supply here. The more spread out the system, the greate