the composite power angular spectrum in zenith statistically has a Laplacian distribution and its conditional distribution given a certain link distance and UE height can also be approximated by Laplacian distribution. To incorporate these observations, zenith angle of departure (ZoD) and zenith angle of arrival (ZoA) are modeled by inverse Laplacian func- tions. It is also observed that the zenith angle spread of departure (ZSD) decreases signifi- cantly as the UE moves further away from the gNB. An intuitive explanation is that the angle subtended by a fixed local ring of scatterers at the UE to the gNB decreases as the UE moves away from the gNB. The ZSD is also observed to slightly change as an indoor UE moves up to higher floors [34-36]. We use the concept of the LoS probability to distinguish between the LoS and NLoS links. A link of length d is LoS with probability PLos(d). The LoS probability is a non-increasing function of the link length. The LoS probability is obtained based on the certain building models, that is, either we use stochastic models from random shape theory or we use site- specific maps from geographical information system database. In this section, the LoS con- dition is determined based on a map-based approach, that is, by considering the transmitter and receiver positions and whether any buildings or walls are blocking the direct path between them. The impact of in-between objects not represented in the map is modeled sep- arately through shadowing or blocking path loss components. It is noteworthy that this LoS definition is frequency independent, due to the fact that only buildings and walls are consid- ered in the definition. 3GPP and ITU-R define the UMa LoS probability as follows: where d2D is the 2D distance in meters and d1 and d2 can be optimized to fit a set of mea- surement data in the test environments/scenarios under consideration. For UMi test environ- ments, it was observed that the above LoS probability is sufficient for frequencies above 6 GHz. The fitted d1/d2 model pr