ell were directed on one macro cell which is typical that the small cell has only a low number of macro cells neighbours. 9.6.6 Parameter and RF Optimization No specific parameter nor RF optimization was done in this small cell case. A few example optimization ideas could be considered for this case: Offset parameter for idle and connected modes to push more users from macro to the small cell Inter-eNodeB X2 handover success rate Figure 9.16 Inter-eNodeB handover success rate LTE Small Cell Optimization Macro cell RF tuning to shift overlapping macro coverage away from the small cell area Small cell RF tuning, for example, by moving the micro base station closer to the antenna to minimize the cable loss 9.7 Summary This chapter illustrated the main learnings from the small cell deployments in live networks. The small cell performance in general looks very promising in improving the network quality and data rates and offloading the macro cells. The co-channel usage of small cells and macro cells performs fine in practical cases assuming that the small cell antenna location is properly selected. The important factors in the small cell installation are related to the site selection and to the backhaul connection. Good RF planning and placing small cells in areas with poorer macro signal coverage increase the effectiveness of the small cell to offload traffic. Multiple options exist for the backhaul connection including wireless line-of-sight and non line-of- sight radios. LTE Unlicensed Antti Toskala and Harri Holma 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Unlicensed Spectrum Operation Environment Motivation for the Use of Unlicensed Spectrum with LTE 10.5 Key Requirements for 5 GHz Band Coexistence 10.6 LTE Principle on Unlicensed Band LTE Performance on the Unlicensed Band 10.8 Coexistence Performance 10.9 Coverage with LTE in 5 GHz Band 10.10 Standardization 10.11 Conclusions References Introduction This chapter presents principles of the LTE unlicensed operation which is being worked in 3GPP under the name license assisted access