ecommendation and also its category. For new and existing questions. example Study Group XVIII answers the questions relating to 2. Approve reports from Study Groups. digital networks and ISDN and produces the I-Series Recommen- 3. Decide on the Study Groups needed and allocate questions dations. between them. An area of contention of CCITT standard making activities is the 4. Approve, for submission to the Administrative Council, the work carried out by Study Group III which produces Recommenda- budget of the CCITT covering the period to the next Plenary tions covering pricing and supply conditions, especially for interna- Assembly. tional leased circuits. The European Commission has stated in a Green Paper that this work conflicts with the Communities' compe- titive laws. 22.3.2.2 CCITT Recommendations 22.3.3 The CCIR Every issue of the CCITT Recommendations has a different colour. Therefore the 1980 Recommendations were published as yellow 22.3.3.1 coloured books, called Yellow Books, the 1984 issue was red, and CCIR responsibilities were called the Red Books, whilst the 1988 issue was blue, called the Blue Books. Publication of a new set of Recommendations does The CCIR was set up in 1927. It is an agent of the ITU, like the not automatically make the preceding set of books obsolete. Most CCITT, but it concentrates on radio communications matters. Ar- equipment would have been approved to the older set of standards ticle 11 in the constitution of the ITU states the duties of the CCIR and it is only user pressure which determines how soon the newer to be to study technical and operating questions relating specifically standards are adopted. to radiocommunications without a limit of frequency range, and to Apart from the Plenary Assembly, questions to the CCITT may issue recommendations on them, with a view to standardising tele- also be referred by the Plenipotentiary or Administration Con- communications on a world-wide basis. ference; the CCIR or IFRB; or at least 20 members of the ITU, in In carrying out th