rs of users will request mobile © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio and Cellular Technology broadband data access everywhere-for example, for synchronization of e-mails, Internet access, specific applications, and file downloads to mobile devices like per- sonal digital assistants (PDAs) or notebooks. In the future, a 100-fold increase in mobile data traffic is expected, making further improvements beyond LTE release 8 necessary and possibly ending in new LTE releases or in a so-called IMT (inter- national mobile telecommunications) advanced system. The LTE successor of the third-generation mobile radio network will delight customers more than ever. The need for radio coverage will be a primary goal in the rollout phase, whereas a high capacity all over the radio cell will be the long-term goal. High spectral efficiency is crucial for supporting the high demand of data traffic rates that future mobile user terminals will generate, while the available spectrum is still a scarce and limiting resource at each geographic location. This book provides technical information about all aspects of 3GPP LTE. The areas covered range from basic concepts to research-grade material, including future directions. The book captures the current state of 3GPP LTE technology and serves as a source of comprehensive reference material on this subject. It has a total of 12 chapters authored by 50 experts from around the world. Chapter 2 ("Evolution from TD-SCDMA to FuTURE") describes a project called Future Technologies for a Universal Radio Environment (FuTURE) that was launched in China. The goal of the project is to support theoretical research, applicable evaluation, and 4G trial system development of the proposed technolo- gies for Chinese beyond 3G/4G mobile communications. The FuTURE plan aims at the trends and requirements of wireless communication in the next 10 years and expects to play an active role in the process of 4G standardization. The FuTURE project is composed of two branches: the