rs and low-noise amplifiers in receivers. The nonlinearity of the PA is generated because the power of the output signal is saturated for the high-power input signal, which worsens for modulation schemes with high PAPR such as OFDM and wideband CDMA. Intermodulation distortion, caused by the nonlinearity, interferes with the linear model of self-interference. The intermodulation can be theoretically calculated by a Volterra series or approximated by a Taylor series. Since the even-ordered terms are out-of-band, the Taylor series would include only odd-ordered terms. Other RF imperfections/impairments, for example, I/Q imbalance, phase noise and transmitter noise can occur in the transmitter side. The I/Q imbalance occurs when there is mismatch between the gain and phase of the two sinusoidal signals, which deteriorates the baseband transmitter signal. The imperfection of the local oscillator can also degrade the linearity of the transmitter signal. In general, most of the impacts of the oscillator impairment is noticeable in random deviations in the output frequency, which can be modeled as phase noise. Transmitter noise also includes Volterra series is a mathematical model for nonlinear behavior of systems in which the output of the nonlin- ear system always depends on the input. This provides the ability to capture the memory effect of devices. In mathematics, Volterra series denotes functional expansion of a dynamic, nonlinear, time-invariant function. The Volterra series, which is used to prove the Volterra theorem, is an infinite sum of multidimensional con- volutional integrals. A continuous time-invariant system with x(t) as input and y(t) as output can be expanded Volterra series as y(t) = ho + s sb hn Tn) Im=1x(t-tm)dTm where the constant term ho on the right-hand side is often set to zero by suitable choice of output level y. The function hn (T1, Tn) is called the nth order Volterra kernel. It can be regarded as a higher-order impulse response of the system. If N is finite, the series can be truncated. 