t Wider Bandwidth Operation and Modem Power Consumption 419 13.5.1 Modem Power Consumption in Daily Use 13.5.2 Reducing Modem Power Consumption by Bandwidth Adaptation 13.5.3 Impacts on Modem Design Summary References Internet of Things Optimization Harri Holma, Rapeepat Ratasuk, and Mads Lauridsen Introduction 431 Contents IoT Optimization in LTE Radio LTE-M 436 Narrowband-IoT 439 IoT Optimization in LTE Core Network Coverage 443 Delay and Capacity Power Saving Features NB-IoT Power Consumption Measurements 14.10 IoT Solution Benchmarking 14.11 IoT Optimizations in 5G 14.12 Summary References 5G Phase 2 and Beyond Antti Toskala Introduction 461 3GPP Release 16 Timing and Key Themes 15.2.1 5G Unlicensed (5G-U) 15.2.2 Industrial IoT and URLLC Enhancements 15.2.3 Toward Dynamic TDD 15.2.4 Integrated Access and Backhaul 15.2.5 Mobility Enhancements 15.2.6 MIMO Enhancements 15.2.7 Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity Enhancements 15.2.8 Two-Step RACH 15.2.9 UE Power Consumption Reduction 15.2.10 Lightweight Mobile Broadband with NR-Light 15.2.11 5G V2X 15.2.12 New 5G Core Features in Release 16 Summary and Outlook for Release 17 References 476 LTE-Advanced Evolution 477 Harri Holma and Timo Lunttila Introduction 477 Overview of LTE Evolution LTE-Advanced Pro Technologies 16.3.1 Multi-Gbps Data Rates with Carrier Aggregation Evolution 16.3.2 Utilization of 5 GHz Unlicensed Band 16.3.3 Enhanced Spectral Efficiency with 3D Beamforming and Interference Cancelation 485 16.3.4 Extreme Local Capacity with Ultra-Dense Network 487 16.3.5 Millisecond Latency with Shorter Transmission Time Interval 16.3.6 IoT Optimization 490 16.3.7 D2D Communications 16.3.8 Public Safety 5G and LTE Benchmarking Contents 16.4.1 Peak Data Rate 16.4.2 Cell Edge Data Rate 16.4.3 Spectral Efficiency 16.4.4 Mobility 16.4.5 Traffic Density 16.4.6 Device Density Summary References Index List of Contributors Hiroyuki Atarashi Mikio Iwamura NTT DOCOMO NTT DOCOMO Japan Japan Dominique Brunel Keeth Jayasinghe Skyworks Nokia Bell Labs France Finland YihShen Chen 