ered a 'form factor' race with Sony producing the 'world's smallest radio" 6 (March 1957). Two examples are illustrated in Figure 15.2. Form factor and functionality is still directly dependent today on device geometry. In 2005 'scalability roadmaps' suggested that 95-nm devices would be replaced with 70-nm and 65- nm devices that would be replaced with 32-nm devices and this has duly happened. Device geometry determines DSP, microcontroller and memory functionality that in turn determines what we can do in a small form factor power limited handset. This in turn enables us to realise system value, which in turn realizes spectral value. Put another way, device bandwidth directly translates into application bandwidth, which directly translates into system value, which directly translates into spectral value. Figure 15.2 Sony TR55 and TR63 pocketable transistor radios. Reproduced with permission of Sony Corporation. 6 Phttp://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/sonyhistory-b.html. http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/History/. Terrestrial Broadcast/Cellular Network Integration In developing countries it could be argued that mobile phones are replacing, or will replace, the transistor radio as the lowest common denominator way of accessing information and delivering information. Governments have started to use SMS texting to distribute political messages, a parallel delivery route to TV and national radio SO it could be argued that this process of transition is already well underway. On the other hand, transistor radios are, however, significantly simpler than cellular phones, for instance they don't have a transmitter. This means that they have a lower component cost and less battery drain. For someone earning a dollar a day or less even the most basic mobile phone remains an unaffordable luxury. Almost anyone can afford to own and use a transistor radio. Short-wave transmissions like satellite transmissions also travel effortlessly over geographic boundaries. Partially successful attempts to jam short