 Fig. 13 illustrates the latency and throughput requirements of the prominent 5G applications (see also Table 3). 3.5 Service Requirements The 5G systems are required to support the existing LTE network services in addition to the newly introduced services, which means that the existing EPS services can be accessed via the new 5G access technologies. The following is a list of important service requirements for 5G networks: Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service: The proliferation of video streaming services, software delivery over wireless network, group communications, and multicast/broad- cast IoT applications have created a demand for flexible and dynamic allocation of Introduction and Background Ixvii End-to-end latency Services delivered by 5G Augmented Tactile reality networks internet Autonomous driving Virtual reality Real-time Disaster Mobile service Gaming 10 ms alerts Services delivered by 3G/4G Multi-Party Video Call Nomadic service networks Fixed service Bidirectional remote controlling 100 ms Automotive eCall First responder communications Device remote controlling Wireless cloud -based office 1000 ms Monitoring sensor Personal Video networks cloud streaming Throughput < 1 Mbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps > 1 Gbps Figure 13 Performance requirements of some 5G applications [44]. radio resources between unicast and multicast services within the network as well as support for a standalone deployment of multicast/broadcast network. Moreover, enabling such a service over a network for a wide range of intersite distances between the radio base stations will enable a more efficient and effective delivery system for real-time and streaming multicast/broadcast content over wide geographical areas as well as in specific geographical areas spanning a limited number of base stations. A flexible multicast/broadcast service will allow the 5G system to efficiently deliver such services. Location/Positioning Service: The NR systems enable and improve, if necessary, advanced positioning techniques such as RAN-assisted 