coax cable for Ethernet) with dedicated bandwidth, switched LAN technology has greatly increased network performance. Users still have direct access to the network, but bottlenecks of shared Ethernet disappear as point-to- point switching is deployed. Switched networks are generally flat domains that must be subnetted to alleviate broadcast over- head, spanning-tree loops, and inefficient addressing, and to provide some rudimentary security. 47,48 Standard IP network textbooks explain the concept and trade-offs of subnetting,4 49-54 SO we will not 47. Jayant Kadambi, Ian Crawford, and Mohan Kalkunte, Gigabit Ethernet: Migrating to High-Bandwidth LANs (Upper-Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1998). 48. Radia Perlman, Interconnections: Bridges, Routers, Switches, and Internetworking Protocols, 2nd ed. (Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1999). 49. Douglas Comer, Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol. I: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1998). Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol. II: ANSI C Version: Design, Implementation, and Internals (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2000). , Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol. III: Client-Server Programming and Applications-Windows Sockets Version (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1997). 52. Douglas E. Comer, David L. Stevens, Marshall T. Rose, and Michael Evangelista, Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol. III: Client- Server Programming, and Applications-Linux/Posix Sockets Version (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2000). 53. W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated: Volume 1, The Protocols (Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1994). 54. Gary R. Wright and W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated: Volume 2, The Implementation (Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1995). Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the w