289, 292-294, 310 virus 55 website 34, 43, 199, 237, 253, 257, 264, 80-82, 91, 111, 116-119, 164 285, 295, 299, 304 WhatsApp 40, 180, 198, 215, 217, 235, VoD (Video on Demand) 237, 258, 264, 266-268 216, 225, 237, 240 Whitebox 256 Index wideband 139, 188, 189 3, 5, 6, 27, 36, 40, 44, 60, 66, 79, 86, 3, 6, 60, 61, 72, 78, 86, 129, 137, 142, 145, 151, 154-161, 163, 165, 168, 171, 172, 178, 202, 206, XG-PON 109, 116, 134 207, 240, 245-247, 256, 268, 307, 309 XGS-PON WiMAX 3, 36, 72, 137, 139, 141, 151, 162 XLG-PON wireless 3, 9, 27, 36, 63, 66, 72, 79, 90, 125, 137, 141, 151, 155-159, 161, 165, 171, 177, 205, 206, 240, 245, 258, 281 YouTube 17, 88, 198, 213, 216, 223, 237, 27, 137, 145, 154, 155 263, 267, 276, 310 301-303, 305 177,300 1999 IEEE NSREC IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference Short Course Radiation Effects in the Space Telecom Environment MORFOIN VIRGINI NSREC 99 July 12, 1999 Sponsored by: IEEE/NPSS Radiation Effects Committee Supported by: Defense Threat Reduction Agency Sandia National Laboratories Air Force Research Laboratory Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA - Goddard Space Flight Center Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 1999 IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference Short Course Radiation Effects in the Space Telecom Environment July 12, 1999 Norfolk Virginia Copyright 1999 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. For all other copying, reprint, or replication permission, write to Copyrights and Permissions Department, IEEE Publishing Services, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08555-1331. Table of Contents SECTION I INTRODUCTION Daniel M. Fleetwood Sandia National Laboratories SECTION II II 1-85 BASIC MECHANISMS FOR SINGLE-EVENT EFFECTS Paul E. Dodd Sandia National Laboratories SECTION III III 1-114 TOTAL-DOSE EFFECTS: MODELING FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE Jean-Luc Leray CEA/DAM Ile-de-France SECTION IV IV 1-110 PROTON EF