numbers. 8.4.5 EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF SDN AND NFV INCLUDING loT, M2X, AMBIENT VIDEO, VIRTUAL REALITY, SECURITY, AND INTELLIGENT AGENTS The expected data generated by Internet of things (IOT) continues to grow. Indeed, as per a recent article [Sdxc16], "The average person generates 600 to 700 MB of data per day; that's going to Building the Network of the Future Video Over fixed Video Internet Firewall Balancer Proxy Video mobile FIGURE 8.19 Example of traditional service chaining. Video Over fixed vLoad vVideo Internet vFirewall Balancer Proxy Video mobile FIGURE 8.20 Example of dynamic service chaining. increase to 1.5 GB by 2020, but that's paltry next to the expected numbers out of IoT: 40 TB per day from airplane engines, or 1 million GB per day for a smart factory." Consequently, to deal with the data explosion coming from IOT, more adaptable dynamic networks using SDN will be required, of which several concepts have been suggested such as dynamic service chaining, dynamic load management, and bandwidth calendaring. Service chaining is not a new function in itself; it describes the various network functions that a data packet traverses throughout its transmission and has been discussed in Chapter 3. For example, these functions may entail Firewalls, traffic optimizers, network address translation (NAT) devices, web proxies, load balancers, and VPN terminations to name a few. In today's networks, which may contain traffic coming from both fixed and mobile access, a common core network would likely be the default route for these functions (see Figure 8.19). Whereas, with SDN, packets can be programmed with a "service identifier," which will also entail which type of services a packet is routed as shown in Figure 8.20. Dynamic load management can be thought of as balancing the load of the network based on cur- rent traffic conditions. In an SDN-powered wireless network, this may entail dynamically balancing the radio load across different layers of spectrum, different radios, or adjacent cell sites when pos- 