RAN is similar to BSS on GSM networks. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS Circuit domain Internet Packet domain Figure 9.7 CDMA network simplified architecture. It has the BSC and BTS found in GSM network. RAN also contains a packet control function (PCF) that is used to route IP packets to a PDSN (packet data serving node). Packet domain: Packet domain in a CDMA network consists of: PDSN/foreign agent (FA): It acts as a gateway for the RAN by routing packets to an external packet network like the Internet. It can establish, maintain, and terminate a packet link. AAA (authentication, authorization, and accounting): These are servers used to authenticate and authorize users for access to network and to store subscriber call details for accounting. Home agent: Interface component to external packet network: Provides an IP for mobile messages and forwards it to the appropriate network. A PDSN can be configured to work as a HA. Circuit domain: The circuit domain is similar to the GSM network with components like the MSC, GMSC, HLR, AuC, and EIR. For details on these components refer to the section on GSM in this chapter. The 3GPP2 is dedicated to the development of next generation standards for CDMA 2000. Some of the 3GPP2 documents relevant to network management of CDMA network include: S.R0017-0 v1.0 "3G Wireless Network Management System High Level Requirements" Communication Networks X.S0011-003-C v1.0 to v3.0 "cdma2000 Wireless IP Network Standard: Packet Data Mobility and Resource Management" S.S0028 series on "OAM&P for cdma2000" In addition to standardizing forums like 3GPP2 that promote the evolution of CDMA, forums like the CDMA development group (CDG) work on adoption and ease in deployment of 3G CDMA wireless systems. 9.9 WiMAX WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) is a wireless broadband technology based on standard IEEE 802.16. It is a wireless alternative to cable modems, DSL, and T1/E1 links. The IEEE standard was named WiMAX by the WiMAX Forum to promote the IEEE standard for inte