ove lower boundary of channel Modulation AM composite picture and synchronizing signal on visual carrier together with FM audio signal on audio carrier Scanning lines 525 per frame, interlaced 2:1 Scanning sequence Horizontally from left to right, vertically from top to bottom Horizontal scanning 15,750 Hz for monochrome, or 2/455 X chrominance subcarrier = frequency 15,734.264 + 0.044 Hz for NTSC color transmission Vertical scanning frequency 60 Hz for monochrome, or 2/525 X horizontal scanning frequency for color = 59.95 Hz Blanking level Transmitted at 75 + 25% of peak carrier level Reference black level Black level is separated from blanking level by 7.5 + 2.5% of video range from blanking level to reference white level Reference white level Luminance signal of reference white is 12.5 + 2.5% of peak carrier Peak-to-peak variation Total permissible peak-to-peak variation in one frame due to all causes is less than 5% Polarity of transmission Negative; a decrease in initial light intensity causes an increase in radiated power Transmitter brightness For monochrome TV, RF output varies in an inverse logarithmic response relation to brightness of scene Aural transmitter power Maximum radiated power is 20% (minimum 10%) of peak visual transmitter power Source: Refs. 7, 8. Table 16.1b Basic European TV Standard Channel width (Transmission) 7 ot 8 MHz Video 5, 5.5, and 6 MHz Aural FM, +50 kHz Picture carrier location 1.25 MHz above lower boundary of channel Note: VSB transmission is used, similar to North American practice. Modulation AM composite picture and synchronizing signal on visual carrier together with FM audio signal on audio carrier Scanning lines 625 per frame, interlaced 2:1 Scanning sequence Horizontally from left to right, vertically from top to bottom Horizontal scanning frequency 15,625 Hz + 0.1% Vertical scanning frequency 50 Hz Blanking level Transmitted at 75 2.5% of peak carrier level Reference black level Black level is separated from blanking by 3-6.5% of peak carrier Peak white level as a perc