ccess Number portability Charges and payments Billing Numbering Signalling and interface standards Network design and routing principles (e.g. emergency) Synchronization Network management, installation, operation and maintenance Obviously the issues deal mainly with fundamental technical plans. It should be noted that mobility management has to be added for mobile networks, and security and QoS for the network dealt with in this book. Among interworking FPs that will be briefly illustrated in this chapter are: Services, in the form of VHE. QoS, which is maybe the trickiest. Distribution of deteriorations. Security interworking examples. Indirectly security is concerned, when two networks utilize the same AAA in the HSS system. Routing. Gateways between networks, break out, routing via roaming operators, routing to own ISP. Charging. Charging when roaming. Mobility management (roaming). When describing success factors in the visions pub- lished by the Wireless World research forum, the forum stresses seamless service provisioning across a multitude of wireless systems. Signalling, in the form of PDP context between GPRS and a data network. Gateway protocols are mentioned. See Figure 15.6. Network management information in the actor interface is necessary for e2e supervision, handling of alarms etc. The connectivity oriented plans are more autonomous, particularly at the first layers of the OSI model, and therefore less critical. Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business Telecom business Service Service management Service, security, QoS Service, security, QoS Dimensioning Numbering Numbering Charging Routing Charging Routing Signalling Signalling Dependability Mobility managem. Mobility managem. Switching Frequency Switching Frequency Organization Transmission Transmission Synchronization Synchronization Network 1 Network 2 Management system Management interworking Operator 1 Figure 15.6 The interconnect plan contains interworking between other plans, in particular in contr