de of the IEEE 802.16-2009 standard, such as the network management system. AdmittedQoSParamSet: this defines a set of QoS parameters for which the BS and possibly the MS are reserving resources. The main resource to be reserved is bandwidth, but this also includes any other memory- or time-based resource required to subsequently activate the service flow. ActiveQoSParamSet: this defines a set of QoS parameters specifying the service provided over the service flow. Note that only an active service flow may forward packets. Authorization Module: a logical function within the BS that approves or denies any changes to the QoS parameters and classifiers associated with a service flow. As such, it defines an encompassing set that limits the possible values of the AdmittedQoSParamSet and ActiveQoSParamSet attributes. The relationship between the legacy QoS parameter sets is as shown in Figure 6-19. The Active- QoSParamSet is always a subset of the AdmittedQoSParamSet, which is always a subset of the AuthorizedQosParamSet enclosure. In the dynamic authorization model, this enclosure is defined by the Authorization Module, also labeled as the AuthorizedQoSParamSet. In the provisioned authori- zation model, the aforementioned enclosure is specified by the ProvisionedQoSParamSets There are three types of service flows, as follows [1]: 1. Provisioned: this type of service flow is provisioned by the network management system, and its AdmittedQoSParamSet and ActiveQoSParamSet attributes are both null. 2. Admitted: this type of service flow has resources reserved by the BS for its AdmittedQoSParamSet, but these parameters are not active (i.e., its ActiveQoSParamSet is null). The admitted service flows may be provisioned by other mechanisms in the network. 3. Active: this type of service flow has resources committed by the BS, and its ActiveQoSParamSet attribute is non-empty. CHAPTER 6 The IEEE 802.1 16m MAC CPS (Part I) AuthorizedQoSParamSet (BS only) AdmittedQoSParamSet (SFID and CID) ProvisionedQoSParamSet (SFID) ActiveQoSPa