sion. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. [5] Deutsch L.P. (1996) DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification. IETF RFC 1951. [6] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/10/nasa-voyager-bubbles-solar-system-hel html?icid=maing-grid7%7Cmain5%7Cdl1%7Csec3_lnk3%7C69958, accessed 20 August 2015. [7] Ludwig, R. and Taylor, J. (2002) Voyager Telecommunications. http://descanso.jpl.nasa.gov/DPSummary/ Descanso4--Voyager_new.pdf, accessed 20 August 2015. [8] Raith, K. and Uddenfeldt, J. (1991) Capacity of digital cellular TDMA systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. [9] Gilhousen, K.S., Jacobs, I.M., Padovani, R., Viterbi, A.J., Weaver Jr, L.A. and Wheatley III, C.E. (1991) On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. [10] Hidalgo, C. (2015) Why Information Grows: The Evolution of Order, from Atoms to Economies, Basic Books Publishers. [11] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steve_Martin.jpg accessed 20 August 2015. [12] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SKA_overview.jpg, accessed 20 August 2015. From Analogue to Digital Preview Questions How are analogue signals converted to digital signals? What is sampling frequency and Nyquist rate? What is the difference between CD audio and MP3 audio? How is a still picture converted into discrete data? How is video source-coded? How are MP3 and MPEG standards related? Learning Objectives The principles and techniques for analogue to digital signal conversion Source coding to ensure a minimal number of bits are used to represent signal information Principles behind voice source coding Principles behind audio source coding Principles behind image and video source coding Broadband Telecommunications Technologies and Management, First Edition. Riaz Esmailzadeh. 2016 Riaz Esmailzadeh. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/BTTM From Analogue to Digital Historical Note1 The origins of Sampling Theory can be traced to the invention of telegraphy and efforts to maximise a telegraph l