d development of GHz and IMT-2020 evaluation criteria vision specifications Figure 17.6 Outline of the ITU-R WP5D process and timeline for development and certification of IMT-2020 technologies standard defining organizations such as 3GPP will then work on developing the system and, in accordance to the process and timeline, submit required evidence to the ITU-R on the developed system meeting the set targets. The ITU-R IMT-2020 timeline is shown in Figure 17.6. In 3GPP 5G-related activities are expected to start by the end of 2015, first with collection of targets and requirements [5], as illustrated in Figure 17.7. Successful 5G technology studies require some enablers, such as channel model for use of spectrum above 6 GHz [6]. At the same time the 3GPP will keep on working on the LTE-Advanced evolution track, and as seen in the past with HSPA, which developed the capabilities needed to qualify as a 4G technology, it is likely that the LTE-Advanced will in the future meet most of the 5G requirements as well. The actual start of the 5G work in 3GPP was the September 2015 TSG RAN 5G workshop, where visions and technologies were discussed first time and the direction for actual work Release 14 and onwards was identified. The potential approach in 3GPP is to consider phasing the 5G introduction in such a way that, first, the 3GPP work would cover radio aspects of 5G only, aiming for addressing the need for extended mobile broadband use case, as reflected in [7] and [8]. This would be answering the need for some of the markets, especially in Asia and US, where there is a desire for early introduction of 5G by 2020 or even before. This would require early phase work item to be WRC-15 WRC-19 ITU-R 5D technical performance requirements ITU-R 5D Final Submission Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 LTE-Advanced: Further LTE-Advanced LTE enhancements to meet Further LTE enhancements Licensed Assisted evolution most of the 5G requirements Access (LTE-U) LTE carrier aggregation up to 32 First 5G version Second 5G version carriers 3