hronous Ethernet (SyncE) and packet-based PTPv2 to transport frequency synchronization across Carrier Ethernet networks to support mo- bile back-haul. MEF 22.2 incorporates service requirements for small cells and heterogeneous radio network deployments covering tight radio synchronization over a wide range of mobile network deployments. MEF 22.3 incorporates phase/time synchronization as service deployment over the SP network. The latest amendment MEF 22.3.1 covers the requirements for Ethernet services that can be used as transport for 5G mobile networks and discusses front-haul and network slicing applicability. 4.8 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and Audio Engineering Society There are two main standards bodies that contribute to the audio-video media environment: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE): Founded in 1916, SMPTE is a global association of engineers, technologists, and executives working in the media and enter- tainment industry. SMPTE has more than 800 standards and engineering guidelines for broad- casting, filmmaking, digital cinema, audio recording, information technology, and medical ima- ging. When pieces of audio, video, or musical equipment are required to work together, some means of synchronization is required to ensure they play in time with each other. SMPTE defines a time code, or SMPTE code, which is an electronic signal that is used to identify a precise loca- tion in digital systems and on time-based media like audio or video tape. Every frame of video or audio has a time reference that is recorded while capturing it. Time code on a video frame is like a page number in a book, and each page in a book is like a video frame in a video file. Time codes are added to film, video, or audio materials and used to accur- ately blend or synchronize the audio (recorded by the audio recorder), video (recorded by the video recorder), music instruments, or theatrical production work. SMPTE 2059 defines how to synchronize video equipment over an IP network 