 a communication protocol for intelligent electronic devices (IED) deployed in power grid substations. For correct functioning (and other benefits), devices within the substation are required to be time synchronized to a time server (such as a GPS receiver or PTP grandmaster). The IEEE/IEC also defined a pair of PTP profiles known as the Power Utility automation Pro- file (PUP) and the PTP Industry Profile (PIP). Subsequently, they developed IEEE C37.238- 2017, known as the Power Profile, to distribute time within power stations, electrical substa- tions, and across the distribution grid. Again, see Chapter 7 for much more detail on all these standards. IEC/IEEE 60802: A joint project of IEC and IEEE 802 to define TSN profiles for industrial automation. Like the other TSN profiles, this standard selects features, options, configurations, defaults, protocols, and procedures of bridges, end stations, and LANs to build industrial auto- mation networks. IEC/IEEE 60802 provides the foundational guidelines to design converged multi-vendor TSN network infrastructure for industrial automation. 60802 uses TSN techniques to improve upon standard (IEEE 802.1 and 802.3) Ethernet net- works by providing guaranteed data transport with low PDV, bounded low latency, zero packet loss for critical traffic, and high availability. The current draft of 60802 defines two types of devices: Class A and Class B. Class A devices support a wide range of TSN functions including Scheduled Traffic, Frame Preemption, and nu- merous others. Some features are optional for Class B devices, which allows a more relaxed im- plementation than Class A. Chapter 7 provides further coverage of the PTP profiles to support the power industry. 4.4 European Telecommunications Standards Institute The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is a European standards organization that deals with telecommunications, broadcasting, and other electronic communications networks and services. ETSI is a much more recent organization, having only been crea