convergence of wireless systems and services can be characterized by connectivity (provision of an information pipe including intelligence in the network and the terminal), content (information including push and pull services as well as peer-to-peer applications), and e-commerce (electronic transactions and financial services). This trend may be viewed as the inte- gration and convergence of information technology, telecommunications, and content, which has resulted in new service delivery dynamics and a new paradigm in wireless telecommunications, where value-added services have provided significant benefits to both the end users and the service providers. Present mobile communication systems have evolved by incremental enhancements of system capabilities, and gradual addition of new functionalities and features to baseline IMT-2000 systems. The capabilities of IMT-2000 systems have continued to steadily evolve over the past decade as Preface IMT-2000 technologies are upgraded and deployed (e.g., mobile WiMAX and the migration of UMTS systems to HSPA+). The IMT-Advanced and systems beyond IMT-Advanced are going to be realized by functional fusion of existing IMT-2000 system components, enhanced and new functions, nomadic wireless access systems, and other wireless systems with high commonality and seamless inter- working. The systems beyond IMT-Advanced will encompass the capabilities of previous systems, as well as other communication schemes such as machine-to-machine, machine-to-person, and person- to-machine. The framework for the development of IMT-Advanced and systems beyond IMT-Advanced can be viewed from multiple perspectives including users, manufacturers, application developers, network operators, and service and content providers. From the user's perspective, there is a demand for a variety of services, content, and applications whose capabilities will increase over time. The users expect services to be ubiquitously available through a variety of delivery mechanisms and service providers using a vari