ONET equipment available in early 2002 included the Cisco ONS 15000 family and the Nortel Networks' OPTera Metro family. Figures 4-6 and 4-7 show the typical internal archi- tecture for a next-generation SONET system-the former employing packet technology on the trunk side and the latter employing a traditional TDM technology. Next-Generation SONET and Optical Architectures Figure 4-3 Data-aware SONET/SDH. GbE MAC 10GbE MAC RPR MAC DS0/DS1/DS3 10GbE WAN PHY GbE LAN PHY 10GbE SONET LAN PHY Fiber Next-gen SONET Ethernet-based core architectures Traditional SONET 1000BaseSX Ethernet Modules Figure 4-4 Typical plug-in array for a next-generation SONET/SDH. Chapter 4 Figure 4-5 Public Switched Typical topology for Telephone Network Internet next-generation SONET. Voice, video, and data Remote Packet edge system optical access ring Metro optical backbone ring OC-3/12/48/192 OAM&P Hybrid fiber network LAN, WAN, and PBX traffic 4.3 Financial Implications Proponents make the case that in the face of new startup providers offering broadband services, incumbent carriers must complement their private-line offerings with Ethernet over SONET (EoS) services. Proponents say that these incumbents "have the edge over their new rivals in that they own metro SONET rings and long-haul backbones, and have deep pockets."6 Thus, an overlay of edge rings that utilize next-generation SONET may be useful. However, the new startup providers have simpler networks to man- age and a chance to prove that they can quickly provision, maintain, and service optical/Ethernet connections while turning a profit.6 Critical to an understanding on the part of the equipment manufactur- ers as to what kind of equipment will be purchased by service providers is the concept we introduced in Chapter 1, "Advances and Opportunities in Next-Generation SONET and Other Optical Architectures." In Chapter 1, we invoked the principle of "following the money." In rendering an end-to- end reliable secure monitored service, where are the cost components that comprise th