iciency represents the most widely accepted measure of eco- nomic performance, it begs an important question by failing to take into account the fact that the distribution of inputs and technology is itself subject to change and optimization. Such considerations fall within the realm of dynamic efficiency, which treats input availability and technology as endogenous. Put another way, whereas static efficiency optimizes placement along a production possibility fron- tier, dynamic efficiency also addresses the prospect that the production possibility frontier could shift outward. Indeed, the growing importance of technology and infrastructure and the accelerating pace of technological change have made dynamic efficiency an increasingly important consideration in the modern economy. In terms of dynamic efficiency, network diversity draws on the literature explor- ing the impact of compulsory access on investment incentives in order to exam- ine how mandating interconnection can discourage the build-out of new last- mile technologies. Mounting empirical evidence confirms that the imposition of The Regulation of Broadband Networks and the Internet interconnection and standardization regimes of the type envisaged by network neutrality proponents to redress concentration in the last mile may in fact have the opposite effect. Network diversity, in contrast, would avoid these problems and could facilitate entry by new last-mile providers. Adoption of any set of protocols has the inevitable effect of favoring certain types of applications and disfavoring others. Standardization also has the inevitable effect of putting the government in the position of picking technological winners and losers. In addition, to be effective, such intervention would likely be required at an early stage when the underlying technology was still in a state of flux (Bresnahan 1999). Consider TCP/IP, which remains the de facto standard set of protocols on the Internet. 14 Given the Internet's meteoric success, it is tempting to treat the status qu