ven area. So, different 5G network slices can be overlaid over small cells in a given area, which may have different QoS require- ments (e.g. higher bitrates are required for ultra-broadband Internet access while lower bitrates are needed for the most of the IoT services). Business and Regulation Aspects for Mobile Ultra-Broadband Mobile broadband access has become globally the most used access for all telecommu- nication/ICT services. Mobile ultra-broadband, with individual user bitrates exceeding 100 Mbit/s, will further improve the QoE for services in mobile networks, becoming comparable with fixed access. 5.10.1 Business Aspects There is a continuous need for revenue growth, which began in the 2000s and continued in the 2010s. That can be accomplished while there is still room for attracting users to mobile broadband and ultra-broadband. However, with higher penetration of users, growth decreases because there are fewer new users to join up. With mobile ultra- broadband, operators continue to be network providers offering Internet access service, which is mainly used for access to various OTT services. Overall, the mobile broadband business is saturating horizontally (i.e. regarding new individual users), SO new sources of revenue are needed. These sources for growth of the mobile sector are directed toward digitalization of all segments of public life, public administration, and industry (Figure 5.14). Such expansion of the mobile markets is referred to as entering vertical markets [22]. So, mobile operators may achieve larger growth by focusing on several steps in the value chains. 5G can be used for digitalization of the manufacturing industry (one may 5.10 Business and Regulation Aspects for Mobile Ultra-Broadband Revenues Legacy mobile operators' Digitalization service revenues revenues Figure 5.14 Revenue forecast of mobile operators in the 5G era. refer to 5QI, which are defined for direct automation as critical services in 5G). The digitalization of previously non-digital industries provides new busin