ng their topology as well as the frequency dispersive material characteristics (i.e., conductivity and dielectric constant). In the scenario, multiple transceivers with variable locations can be considered in order to analyze frequency/power as well as time-dependent characteristics. Estimations for different frequencies of operation are depicted in Fig. 8.2, considering a given transceiver location, and for the different frequencies of operation under analysis Table 8.1 3D ray-launching simulation parameters Parameter Scenario 1 (UPNA) Scenario 2 (city center) Scenario 3 (warehouse) Output power 0 dBm 0 dBm 0 dBm @freq 868 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz 868 MHz,2 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz 868 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz Antenna type Monopole Monopole Monopole Max #reflections Cuboid resolution 5m x 5 m x 5 m 6mx6mx2 m 0.5 m X 0.5 m X 0.5 m Ray resolution Diffraction effect Activated Activated Activated Licento Implementation of Context-Aware Environments with Massive IoT Systems Fig. 8.1 Representation of the campus of the Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. The schematics represent the simulation model implemented, which considers the complete building structures of the campus. Details for two of the transceiver locations within the scenario are depicted in the bottom two images [dBm] [dBm] [dBm] 50 100 150 200 250 X-axis (m) X-axis (m) X-axis (m) Fig. 8.2 Estimation of distribution of received power levels for the UPNA campus scenario, considering frequencies of operation f@868 MHz, f@2.4 GHz, and f@3.5 GHz, for constant height horizontal planes at a cut-plane height of 3.2 m (i.e., 868 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz), for horizontal bidimensional planes of constant height. It can be seen that by increasing the frequency of operation, received power levels decrease, as a direct consequence in higher path losses as well as in the increase in shadowing losses for refracted waves within the scenario. Similar results have also been obtained and are depicted in the case of vertical planes, for the three frequencies of operation under 