 service for aca- demic experts all around the world. After introduction of the Web, it became Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering available to anyone and the telecommunications business structures were forced to change. The demand for Internet service has also supported development of new broadband access technologies, such as cable TV modems, DSL, and fixed radio access technologies introduced in Chapter 6. Internet access has become a new business sector for PSTN and cable TV network operators. Even new enterprises, such as ISPs, which provide Internet service only, were born. The expansion of the Internet will continue. Broadband access tech- nologies will improve its performance for residential users. Business usage of the Internet will continue to grow although not all early experiences were encouraging. Services available on the Internet will become richer and it will provide, for example, integrated voice services. Home shopping, for which ordinary mail has been used, can use electronic catalogs. This has an advan- tage over mail if the products can be seen in action and if questions can be asked about the product. Integrated telephone would allow a customer to clarify the details of an order at the same time. Even a virtual visit to, for example, a holiday site will become practical. A customer may take virtual walks in various hotels and select the one she likes the best. 7.2 Telephone Services Another area of major growth in the 1990s was mobile or cellular communi- cations, mainly telephone. The success of the second generation cellular sys- tems was based on standards with wide acceptance and deregulation of telecommunications business. Mass markets made low-cost handy mobile stations available and competition reduced service costs. Telephone communication will change to more and more personal communication as voice moves from the wired network to cellular networks. Lines for fixed telephone network will be released for broadband Internet access. When users have broadband access to