 EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS Service Figure 11.5 Sample performance chart. easier to locate a faulty element when the elements are displayed over a geographical map of the local area, specific country or in some cases the world map. Tools like "MICA" and "Picolo" can be used for implementing the same. 3. Performance chart viewers: The formatted performance records can be rep- resented graphically using applications like "JFreeChart," "iReport," and "DataVision." These applications provide interfaces to represent performance data to the user in a graphical manner. The figure of the sample performance chart (see Figure 11.5), shows the count of service outages for a specific period of time against the specific service. 4. Fault browsers: Similar to performance data, fault data also needs to be pre- sented in a user friendly manner. The fault data generated at the network ele- ment is first parsed and formatted by the management function components that collect this data using data collection components. This formatted data has a set of fields and this data in GUI should be represented in such a way that the data can be filtered based on a specific field. A tabular representation is usually used with a fault data display in GUI. 5. User administration: The administration screen is a necessity to perform net- work related operations like adding a new node to monitor, deleting a node, clearing a fault record, adding comments to a log, defining a performance correlation, and SO on. Authentication is required for the user to get access to the administration screen. Most NMS launch will result in a window or Web page requesting user name and password. Once the user is authenticated, based on the group and permissions exercised by the log in id, the user can access the administration screen and perform any of the operations that the user, based on privileges, is permitted to perform. What Is NMS? The building blocks in the GUI components, thus provide the interfaces that can be used during the NMS design of a user-friendly GUI. 