ng offered managed services in conjunction with the networking devices connected to broadband services. In addition to managing servers, routers, and modems, they now offer to manage the NFV (Network Function Virtualization) hardware containing routers, firewalls, and security applications represented as software in off-the-shelf servers. The NFV server is connected to a customer's broadband circuits. Carriers additionally offer more complex, varied services in the hope that customers will be attracted to the possibility of one provider managing their wide area, mobile, Wi-Fi, and computer networks. These offerings include the following: Hosting applications in carrier data centers Storing and backing up files remotely Developing software applications to be run in carrier data centers Operating room type video conferences Security consulting GPS tracking solutions for fleet management Consulting on call center services Managing outsourced data centers at carrier facilities Providing and designing interactive voice response services with menus such as: Press 1 for Sales Press 2 for Marketing Offering security services that protect against Distributed Denial of Service attacks and viruses Connecting to cloud computing sites Storing data in the cloud Managing employee mobile devices In conjunction with managed services, carriers have personnel who have expertise in particular managed services for wireline as well as mobile networks. These include experts in enterprise mobile devices, video conferencing, security, data centers, contact centers, and wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks). Many carriers that own mobile and landline networks recognize the potential of mobile services. Their sales www.TechnicalPDF.com staff who were previously dedicated to only landline or only mobile products and services now sell products and services for both mobile and landline networks. They actively promote mobile managed services that improve productivity such as developing applications for service organizations that dispatch technicians 