 also can be significantly expensive (whether as a one-time cost or as a monthly fee back to the building owners). The spur cost is typically in the $75,000 to $200,000 range (at times even more). When this cost is amortized over 30, 40, 50, or 60 months, the monthly recurring charge (MRC) just equating to the spur is in the $1,300 ($75,000/60) to $7,000 ($200,000/30) range, with $1,500 being typical. This figure is high, particularly because a carrier may be able to find only one to three broadband-paying customers in a building. We do not believe that anyone can find 67 such customers in a building, as some first-generation (1G) ELECs have stated that they need. ELECs are typically characterized by being single-architecture, single-service, and single-technology CLECs that rely, in most instances, exclusively on shared GbE metro backbones. They follow the trajectory of those companies in the early 1990s that Chapter 1 deployed shared (Fiber-Distributed Data Interface [FDDI]) backbones to provide services. If none come to mind, it is because they are all long gone. A small subset of analysts do see what the issues are, as in the following quote: "Optical access will be on top 10 lists for the next few years, if only because it takes SO long to build out 'last mile' networks, especially with fiber. Fiber has been deployed in enormous quantities in the core of national net- works, and in the past few years companies and a host of utilities and municipalities have made significant strides in getting fiber down the busy streets of financial districts. Getting fiber to that last mile is a pain, and it is expensive. Yet the emerging market for broadband services from small- and medium-sized businesses insists that fiber be drawn as nearly as possible to the end user, either to the building basement or the wiring closet. Getting fiber that close requires operators to spend lots of money on installation, SO end equipment must be low-cost, scaleable, and remotely manageable."37 Figure 1-23, which is compiled from real ca