s? 12. Carnegie Mellon University Australia decides to migrate to a VoIP system which uses an 8 kbps voice coding technique. What outgoing transmission link size is required if 20 staff and faculty are constantly on the telephone at peak time? What is the business value of communication protocols? 14. Why has IP been successful whereas the OSI model has not? 15. How have the intellectual properties of the IP developers been protected? Speculate how a patent protection regime would have succeeded. References [1] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Magnetic-tape_hg.jpg accessed 23 August 2015. [2] https://www.flickr.com/photos/elonuniversity/7105615519, accessed 23 August 2015. [3] Kleinrock, L. (2010) An Early History of the Internet. IEEE Communications Magazine. [4] Mathison, S.L., Roberts, L.G. and Walker, P.M. (2012) The History of Telenet and the Commercialization of Packet Switching in the U.S. IEEE Communications Magazine (May). http://www.printerworks.com/Catalogs/CX-Catalog/CX-Fed-Ex.html,, accessed 23 August 2015. [6] htp://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219445,accessed 23 August 2015. [7] Hochman, D. (1962) Digital Systems in Space Communications. Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Aeronautical Sciences. [8] Costigan, D.M. (1971) Fax: The Principles and Practice of Facsimile Communication, Chilton Book Company. [9] Russel, A.L. (2013) OSI: The Internet That Wasn't. IEEE Spectrum Magazine. [10] Kleinrock, L. (1975) Queueing Systems, Wiley Interscience. [11] http://gb.riverbed.com/products/performance-management-control/opnet.html, accessed 23 August 2015. Fixed Broadband Communications Systems Preview Questions How can telephone lines be used for data transmission? Why does ADSL2 perform better than ADSL over short distances but similarly over long distances? What is Vectored VDSL? How did cable TV operators become internet service providers? How do optical fibre cables augment DSL systems? Learning Objectives Characteristics of telephone line medium Principles of xDSL operation and how