tion with pedestrian with approaching alerts and vice versa Due 2018 Figure 14.15 - V2X communication use cases 5G and Autonomous Vehicles As we can see in Figure 14.15, as automobiles become electric, Electric Vehicles (EVs) will require Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) communication. For the full potential of the V2X application, High-Definition (HD) mapping is required, which needs 5G due to the data rate requirements. Let us look at other applications of V2X, such as platooning trucks. Platooning Platooning is the collective and synchronized movement of a group of vehicles, such as a number of trucks on the highway traveling between two cities. Figure 14.16 shows how V2V and V2I allow the platooning of the trucks on a highway. Platooning requires semi-AVs or AVs to share a lane, with goals such as reduced fuel use and the reduced need for braking, thereby reducing the carbon footprint and improving overall safety in transportation. When the front truck - the Platoon Leader (PL) - brakes or accelerates, all the remaining ones - Platoon Members (PMs) - do the same in a synchronized fashion. With platooning, only the front truck may need an experienced driver or autonomous system and the rest of the trucks can couple with it in a train-like fashion (https : //www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5981612/): ((633)) V2X Control Radar Figure 14.16 - Platooning of trucks explained Here, we saw a good application of 5G C-V2X communication. This utilizes the 3GPP specification for communications over the sidelink by leveraging eNodeBs. Furthermore, platooning uses ACC and its enhancement, CACC, to facilitate sensing across the whole platoon and not just the single truck ahead. Figure 14.17 shows how C-V2X facilitates the control of the different trucks in the platoon: 5GV2X Pending PM PL information information PM i -1 UPPER-LEVEL CONTROL LOWER-LEVEL CONTROL Transmission Engine Figure 14.17 - Platoon control strategy In this section, we looked at the intersection of cellular technologies such as 5G and V2X communication to driv