directory services, operations analysis and reporting, and many uses not thought of when it was created. The spreadsheet should be organized with location, department, oper- ations function, and users on the vertical axis and equipment, service, and applications on the horizontal axis. Application is meant in the broadest possible way and should be subdivided by specific name, such as under telephone, include class of service, extension, terminal number, and other details deemed important. 6 DEFINING NETWORK APPLICATIONS Terminals and workstations should have similar information up to around OSI model layer 3. This should dovetail and not substitute for other information above that layer included in IT/MIS documenta- tion. It's likely some duplication of information will occur, simply to make it easier to get at for maintenance, but organizational owner- ship and design authority should be clear. Sheets containing cost information and other unit detail can be a valuable tool and support high-level summary sheets. Once a spreadsheet grows beyond a few hundred lines and more columns than easily fits on a page, and/or more than half a dozen summary sheets, it's time to think database manager. Don't forget to keep multiple copies in separate physical locations, under controlled release. CAUSES OF CHANGE IN EQUIPMENT FACILITIES AND SERVICES Dealing with changes in communications is a never-ending, chal- lenge. A work group outgrows its physical space and new space must be found. A new employee is hired and must have workspace. The reverse is also unfortunately true and requires action by the communications manager. New technology constantly makes oppor- tunities to improve the way business is done. Coping with these changes in the media industry presents new and unique opportunities. Content creation, distribution, and delivery, once wholly analog and transported with physical or real-time trans- mission media, are well along the path to a complete, end-to-end digital environment. Internet technology, products, and se