 = Actor-user Charges User segments interface, with Life stage dimension Content Retailer role fulfillment, (Billing) Value/attitude provision assurance and Dimension or content billing Services, QoS, Security reception perception (Peer) SM = Service management Services QoS, security Application NM = Network Application logic, logic, management Service resources (API) resources provider role (API) FP = Fundamental Tuning FP implement. Layering technical plans Network Darker area = Telecom service interfaces Processing management operations (FAB) Network Platform operator role service Brighter area = Telecom Network interfaces business (SIP) Invest- interfaces ments Distribution Figure 16.12 The main TM operations area in relation to one of the reference models (somewhat darker area) interface is sometimes called the Q3 interface. The brighter elliptical area of Figure 16.12 is more internal. It falls roughly within the SIP area. Regarding the interfaces, there must be a dialogue with the end users in order to sell, deliver, maintain and charge services with sufficient end-to-end QoS, security and avail- ability, at attractive prices. The potential of new services in the new systems (including the service network) must be taken care of to increase the income. Marketing will play a key role here. Towards the network telecom management becomes clearly dependent both on tech- nologies used in the network and in telecom management systems. There must be dialogue with the network in order to configure, upgrade, activate services, and to get information such as alarms, billing information, network load and statistics. This dialogue costs money in staff and in a management network. It requires control possibilities and agents in the traffic-handling network elements. 16.3.1 HANDLING OF VIRTUAL PRIVATE RESOURCES Within an overall network run by an actor there are normally a number of resources which belong to, or are reserved for corporate intra-company networks. Common solutions are Centrex, call centres leased lines and