FS_SMARTER for NexGen TRicompletion NR TR completion NR Stage 3 freeze of 11/L2 Stage 3 freeze of NSA Channel modeling requirements for common aspects of NSA and SANR higher layers TR 38.900 TR 38.913 Release 13 Release 14 Release 15 Release 16 TSG-SA1 Requirements study Work item TSG-SA2 Architecture study Work item Deployment in 2020 TSG-RAN RAN study Work item Release 15 Requirements study Work item TSG-SA1 Architecture study Work item TSG-SA2 Deployment in 2021 RAN study Work item TSG-RAN Release 16 Figure 18 Detailed timeline and process of 5G development in 3GPP (3GPP Work Plan, http://www.3gpp. org/specifications/work-plan). Ixxxii Introduction and Background other aspects. The robustness of LTE control mechanisms (such as mobility, resources man- agement, and scheduling) at lower frequencies makes it very attractive as an anchor technol- ogy for the different access techniques used in 5G. 6 Spectrum and Regulations Spectrum is the key asset for a communications service provider. The available spectrum has a major impact on how a network's maximum capacity and coverage are defined. From VR/AR and autonomous cars to the industrial automation and smart cities, 5G is expected to enable a wide range of new use cases and applications and ultimately define a new framework for future telecommunication systems. Although the mobile industry, academia, and international standards developing organizations have been actively involved in devel- oping the technologies that are central to 5G systems, the success of the 5G services will essentially be heavily reliant on the work of regional regulatory bodies and how quickly they can allocate the right amount and type of spectrum to those services. Significant amount of new and harmonized spectrum are needed to ensure that 5G systems/services can meet the future expectations and deliver the full range of expected capabilities. In this sec- tion, frequency bands with ongoing activities and/or potential for 5G are discussed, noting that not all of these bands are included in