Cyclic Algorithm 10.3.5.3 Partial Wavelength Conversion Cyclic Algorithm 10.3.5.4 Cost Model and Transmission Feasibility in Cyclic Algorithms 10.3.5.5 Example of Network Design and Role of Wavelength Converters 10.3.6 Translucent Optical Network: Design Methods and Regenerators Placing Problem 10.3.7 Summary: The Transparent Optical Network Status Transparent Optical Packet Network (T-OPN) 10.4.1 Transparent Optical Packet Network Enabling Technologies 10.4.1.1 Optical Memories Contents 10.4.1.2 Switches: Two Examples of All-Optical Switch Fabric 10.4.1.3 Digital Optical Processing 10.4.2 Final Comment on the All-Optical Packet Network References 11 The New Access Network Systems and Enabling Technologies 11.1 Introduction TDMA and TDM Overlay Passive Optical Network 11.2.1 TDM PON Classification 11.2.2 GPON Architecture and Performances 11.2.2.1 GPON Transmission Performances 11.2.2.2 GPON Frame and Adaptation Protocol 11.2.2.3 GPON Capacity per User 11.2.2.4 Functional Structure of a GPON OLT and ONU 11.2.3 NG-PON Project and the GPON WDM Overlay 11.2.4 XG-PON 11.3 WDM Passive Optical Network 11.4 WDM-PON versus GPON and XG-PON Performance Comparison 11.5 Enabling Technologies for Gbit/s Capacity Access 11.5.1 GPON Optical Interfaces 11.5.1.1 GPON Interfaces Technology 11.5.1.2 GPON Interfaces Draft Cost Model 11.5.2 WDM-PON and XWDM-PON Interface Technology References Appendix A: SDH/SONET Signaling Appendix B: Spanning Tree Protocol Appendix D: Fiber Optical Amplifiers: Analytical Modeling Appendix E: Space Division Switch Fabric Performance Evaluation Appendix F: Acronyms Preface The telecommunication infrastructure is perhaps the most impressive network developed by humankind. Almost all the technical knowledge forming the basic human know-how is exploited in the telecommunication network, from quantum field theory needed to study optical amplifier noise to software architectures adopted to design the control software of the network, from abstract algebra used in error correcting codes and in network desig