elation Environment p(hw, hvH) p(hH,hHV) p(hw, hHV) p(hHH, hvH) Indoor picocell 1 Indoor picocell 2 Outdoor-indoor Microcell (LoS) Microcell (NLoS) Macrocell (NLoS) made between results calculated from 500 MHz-wide 0.6 sank from 2.2 cm at 4 GHz to 0.4 cm at 10 GHz, cuts from the 10 GHz-wide measurements and from roughly inversely proportional with frequency. The dif- 500 MHz that were individually measured at maximum ferences between LoS and NLoS, the latter achieved by frequency resolution, rendering 1601 frequency points placing a large grounded aluminium sheet between TX instead of 81. The full resolution sweeps showed higher and RX, are minor as correlation distance is concerned. dynamic range, but the authors conclude nevertheless Bultitude and Schenk measured NLoS vehicular that UWB measurements can be used for narrowband metropolitan channels at 1.9 and 5.8 GHz in a Manhattan modelling with additional benefits from using the same grid, in downtown Ottawa [Bult02a], [SBAP02]. The data for different subbands. On the frequency de- measurements were taken from the top of a van in pendence, they report that no real trends with frequency 10 MHz bandwidth and the measurement runs were up had been seen, apart from the strong dependence of to 1 km in length. The data analysis was done per street, signal strength with the frequency band. Although, in in order to be able to separate parallel from perpendic- general, delay spread tends to decrease with increasing ular streets, all NLoS. Bultitude and Schenk found con- frequency, Table 4.7-13 sistently lower delay spreads at 5.8 GHz (16% lower) Spatial correlation behaviour over a similar bandwidth and larger coherence bandwidths. The median delay was studied by Liu et al., in this case over 7.5 GHz spreads were 213 ns and 184 ns at 1.9 GHz and 5.8 GHz, bandwidth centred around 6.85 GHz. Their aim was to respectively. The corresponding single-sided coherence determine practical antenna separations for MB-OFDM bandwidths were around 1.8 MHz and around 1.9 MHz. applicati