model could be developed based on a closer coupling between terrestrial TV and two-way wireless internet access. It would provide a broader industrial base over which RF development costs could be more efficiently amortised. It would be even better if the cellular community could be encouraged to work with the broadcast community on a common white-space standard to provide compatibility with ATSC and DVB and LTE 700- and 800-MHz devices. Similarly, the future of terrestrial TV will be dependent on building closer relationships with cellular service providers. TV transmissions from cellular infill sites are for example the only credible way forward if ATSC-based portable TV is ever going to work. 15.17 White-Space White House So in theory, white-space devices are a great idea - an opportunity to realise value from presently unused or underused spectrum. As such, the 4th November decision to make a swathe of new unlicensed spectrum available for innovative services must still look superficially attractive to the new US administration - populist policy with tangible social political and economic benefits. In practice, these practical benefits can only be realised if devices can be developed to work in most, if not all, global Making Telecoms Work markets. This is politically, commercially and technically challenging and implies a need to work with rather than against the broadcast and cellular community and to work across national and international boundaries. In common with licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum incurs access costs that have to be recovered from access charges or from other sources such as tax revenue or market subsidy. To quote President Roosevelt 'We have never realised before our interdependence on each other'. Seventy five years on and faced with similar recessionary pressures we should recognise that interdependency implies a need for to explore and exploit collaborative rather than competitive market opportunities and avoid the unnecessary and presently unsustainable costs introduced by confl