FSO, 426 LMP, 408, 420 hybrid implementation, next-gen SONET, LSPs, reporting multiple failed, 402 247-250 message IDs, 397 nested LSPs, 383 nongeneralized labels, 384 Notify messages, 400-401 O-UNI, 414 ILECs (Incumbent Local Exchange out-of-band signaling, 390 Carriers), 12 overlay model, 415 IM (intensity modulation), 35 peer model, 415 infrastructure of fiberoptics, 80 protocol extensions, 419 intermodal delay distortion, 84 reduced refresh processing, 398 Internet-only ELECs refresh reduction, 398-399 ISP industry idiosyncrasies, 63 ResvConf messages, 407 maximizing return on sale of business, 62 routing, 417-418 physical asets, 64 signaling, 391, 394 transactional data, 60 soft state overhead, 397 valuation, 59-60, 65 Index Intranet bandwidth needs, 2 IONs (Intelligent Optical Networks), 18, 346 jitter, FSO, 432 advantages, 351-352 labels autoprovisioning, 357 GMPLS bandwidth, 375 choice constraints, 387 bidirectional LSPs, 376 egress control, 390 carrier class services, 353 explicit control, 389 client interface, 376 sets, 388 connection holding times, 359 suggested, 395-396 control mechanisms, 358, 362-363 evolving architecture, 349 stacking, 372 GMPLS, 364 switching, 368 god boxes, 354 lambdas, 260 lambda switching, 374 DWDM, 277 lightpaths, 348 switching, IONs, 374 management issues, 376 lasers MEMS, 360 CWDM, 324, 328 mesh topology, 355 DWDM, 324 OADMs, 357 LCDs, SONET, 137 OLS, 360, 364-365 LDP (Label Distribution Protocol), 383 out-of-band signaling, 375 LDs (Laser Diodes), 111 OXCs, 358 LEDs, fiberoptic transmitters, 110, 113 performance, 376 lightpaths, IONs, 348 QoS, 375 line errors, SONET, 188 RWA problem, 359 linear ADM, SONET, 193 signaling mechanisms, 359 link limitations, fiberoptics, 97 switching, 374-375 Link Summary messages, GMPLS, 411 TDM, 375 link verification, GMPLS, 411 waveband switching, 374 LMP (Link Management Protocol), 365, IP over ION, 22 408, 420 IP over SONET, 20 long haul applications IPS (intelligent protection switching), DWDM, 262, 267 BWDM, 337 TDM, 271-272 IRR (internal