t) Analytical calculation UTRAN traffic demand [kbps] Figure 6.53: Analytical Models vs. Simulation (web traffic with BRA) packet switched traffic (BRA) only Queueing simulation (Opnet) Analytical calculation UTRAN traffic demand [kbps] Figure 6.54: Relative Error of the analytical model (web traffic with BRA) packet switched traffic (BRA) with 10% voice System simulation Queueing simulation (Opnet) Analytical calculation UTRAN traffic demand [kbps] Figure 6.55: Analytical Model vs. Simulation (90% web with BRA + 10% Voice) From the above presented validation results, it can be concluded that the proposed analytical models, i.e. the MMPP/D/1 model for pure voice scenario and the packet-switched 6.4 Dimensioning for Transport Network Performance traffic scenario, and the MMPP/D/1 priority model for the mixed traffic scenario, can achieve an accurate approximation for the dimensioning of the lub for satisfying the transport network performance, i.e. 1% packet loss ratio as the desired dimensioning target. 6.4.4 Analytical Dimensioning Models with BMAP This section presents the dimensioning approach based on BMAP for the lub dimensioning devoted for the TNL delay performance. The following section 6.4.4.1 gives a general introduction of the BMAP model. The section 6.4.4.2 explains the construction of the BMAP model for analyzing the transport network of UMTS , and compares the analytical results with the simulation results. The detailed results on modeling the arrival process and estimation of the transport network delay performance using the BMAP model have been presented by the author in [LLGT06, LLSTG06]. 6.4.4.1 Batch Markovian Arrival Process (BMAP) The Batch Markovian Arrival Process (BMAP) is the generalization of Phase-type (PH) distribution [Ris02]. BMAP is represented by an infinite number of matrices D(m) for m > 0 allowing for an arbitrarily large batch size. The BMAP can be understood as in Figure 6.56, when the K-th packet comes, this packet process starts transitions between transient states. When the