day's labor intensive procedures." THE INTERNET RULES-IP TECHNOLOGIES The ability to demonstrate efficient high-performance throughput using com- mercial off-the-shelf hardware and applications, is an important achievement. With Internet speeds doubling roughly annually, we can expect the per- formances demonstrated by this collaboration to become commonly available in the next few years; this demonstration is important to set expectations, for planning, and to indicate how to utilize such speeds. The testbed used in the Caltech/SLAC experiment was the culmination of a multi-year effort, led by Caltech physicist Harvey Newman's group on behalf of the international high energy and nuclear physics (HENP) community, together with CERN, SLAC, Caltech Center for Advanced Computing Research (CACR), and other organizations. It illustrates the difficulty, inge- nuity, and importance of organizing and implementing leading-edge global experiments. HENP is one of the principal drivers and codevelopers of global research networks. One unique aspect of the HENP testbed is the close cou- pling between research and development (R&D) and production, where the protocols and methods implemented in each R&D cycle are targeted, after a relatively short time delay, for widespread deployment across production net- works to meet the demanding needs of data-intensive science. The congestion control algorithm of the present Internet was designed in 1988 when the Internet could barely carry a single uncompressed voice call. Today, this algorithm cannot scale to anticipated future needs, when networks will be to carry millions of uncompressed voice calls on a single path or to support major science experiments that require the on-demand rapid trans- port of gigabyte to terabyte data sets drawn from multi-petabyte data stores. This protocol problem has prompted several interim remedies, such as the use of nonstandard packet sizes or aggressive algorithms that can monopolize network resources to the detriment of other users. Despite years of