prepaid mobile services, 364 for VoIP service, 100 in African countries, 406 providers, term used synonymously with carriers presence theft, 101 and ISPs, 167 Presentation Layer (OSI), 49 providing a unified fabric, 55 price cap carriers, allocation for, 124 provisioning, mobile handsets, 355 PRI ISDN (Primary-Rate Interface ISDN), 254, proxy servers, 76, 101 PSAPs (public safety answering points), 206 prioritizing traffic using class of service (CoS), PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) access via t1/E1 and T3/E3, 247 privacy, 278-280 analog ports and connections to in IP tele- eavesdropping on cellular transmissions, 321 phone media gateways, 79 European Union Internet privacy rules, 280 converting VoIP signals to PSTN, 77 improvement with digital cellular services, SBCs connecting VoIP network to, 182 signaling used to process calls, 208 legislation to protect privacy of minors, 128 VoIP calls from over-the-top providers routed versus bottom line for web site owners, 279 on, 220 private branch exchanges. See PBXs VoIP hardware advantages over, 220 private clouds PTS (policy traffic switch), 13 within data centers, 53 public libraries, role in bridging digital divide, ramifications of model and unified entities, 54 private IP data MPLS networks, 295 public network, 167-168 private lines, 250-256 public safety answering points (PSAPs), 206 costly solution of dedicated private lines, 250 public safety network, government allocation for, dedicated services for WANs and MANs, 250 frame relay, 256 public safety organizations network topologies, 252 RF differences between departments, 238 pricing, local and inter-exchange channels, 252 spectrum allocated for, 313 VPLS service, 268 spectrum in multiple bands, 313 processors Public Switched Telephone Network. See faster, lower-priced, decreasing memory costs, 7 punch-down block, 84 Index redundancy, 62 using to back up centralized VoIP servers, QoS (Quality of Service), 72, 102 DOCSIS 3.0 support for, 203 Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), ensuring voice