l trace/call interception for assisting law agencies are just a few scenarios to list the cases for fraud management. A fraud management application has the capability to handle a set of fraud scenarios based on built-in algorithms. For the specific scenario of catching postpaid customers who don't pay their bill and keep switching SIMs, the fraud management application will try to obtain usage patterns like the common numbers that are called by a person who repeats this fraud activity. Once a usage pattern is matched, the calling party is marked as potential fraud and the SIM is disabled. This way the fraud management application is able to tag fraud users and disable them before significant loss is incurred by the service provider. While IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) can uniquely identify the subscriber, IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) can uniquely identify the mobile equipment. 4. Route optimization: Using an optimal traversal path is critical in ensuring proper utilization of resources in service provider space. An issue with route planning at an equipment level like in a router is that the equipment is only aware of the status of its next hop and maybe the next to next hop. Let us consider an example where the data has to be send from A to F and the two traversal paths are A-C-D-F and A-B-E-F. B is having more traffic that C. So from the perspective of A, the best path would be A-C-D-F even when D might be faulty, as A is only aware of its next hop. The solution to this prob- lem is to have route optimization applications that keep track of the status of all the routes. Based on real-time values of the status of all possible routes these optimization applications take decisions to route traffic in an optimal manner. Use of route optimization algorithms and applications implementing the algorithms traffic congestion can be avoided. Another important use is to avoid resending of information that is caused by faulty nodes and improper route selection. 5. Service provision and ac