TN, 478 Powell, Michael, 316 Provisioned networks, 85 Powerline communications (PLC). See PLT Provisioned VNPs, 350-352 (powerline telecommunications) Provisioning model, COPS, 444 Powerline HANs, 538-540 Proxy servers, 336-337, 374 Powerline telecommunications See PLT (power- Pseudo-wires, 370, 371 line telecommunications) Pseudorandom number (PN), 570 PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol), 264 PSK (phase-shift keying) PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol), IEEE 802.11b using, 644 353-354 in wireless signal modulation, 561 PPVPNs (Provider Provisioned VPNs), 347, 370 PSTN (public switched telephone network) PRA (Primary Rate Access), 48 access to, 107-108 Predictive coders, 324 architecture of, 111-113 Prefixes, in IP networks, 263 convergence in, 415-416 Preliminary Design of an Experimental World- infrastructure of, 103-104 Circling Spaceship (Project RAND), 61 intelligent networks in, 135-137 Presence-based services, with IMS, 701-702 Internet VS., 100-102, 254 Presence, SIP and, 337-338 network access, 106-107 Presentation layer protocols, OSI, 166-167 next-generation networks and, 138-142, 410 Pretty Good Privacy algorithm (PGP), 379 PDH infrastructure in. See PDH (Plesiochronous PRI (Primary Rate Interface) Digital Hierarchy) ISDN component, 213, 215 SDH/SONET infrastructure in, 123-129 N-ISDN component, 48 service providers for, 105-106 Primary Rate Access (PRA), 48 signaling systems in, 129-135 Primary Rate Interface. See PRI (Primary Rate traditional Internet reliance on, 284 Interface) transport services in, 109-111 Privacy, and RFID, 681-682 voice compression standards, 119-120 Private automatic branch exchanges (PABXs), 7 PTO (public telecommunications operator), 105 Private branch exchanges. See PBXs (private Public infrastructures, converging, 410, branch exchanges) 415-416 Private ENUM, 341 Public key encryption (PKE), 377-379 Private-line backup, N-ISDN for, 214 Public key infrastructure (PKI), 379-381 Private networks, 210-211 Public switched telephone network. See PSTN Process-supporting communicati