vices are playing an increasingly significant role in the lives of people as a cultural element in China. 13.4.2.3 South Korea South Korea is the first country which commercialized CDMA technology in 1996. Due to the advantage of early starter, 3G technology already became popular in market and various cutting-edge technologies are currently competing for the future market. Currently, government institutes and companies are preparing for 4G era and trying to develop standard technology for it. Convergence between broadcast- ing and mobile data service is lively in South Korea. South Korean operators have been utilizing various marketing strategies based on diverse applications and various customized data services. They produce various customized cellular phone including diabetes-phone for a diabetic person and Mecca phone for Muslims. The operator's position in industry in South Korea is very similar to both the United States and China. In South Korea, few operators have the whole market share such as two operators are doing in China. They have national distribution channels like the four major national operators in the United States and exercise their power to handset companies as a retail dealer of handset. However, Korean operators' growth strategy to cope with the change of the value chain is quite dif- ferent from the United States and China. Three operators in South Korea are trying a new approach no one had tried before. Direct investment in CP and M&A with various CP and broadcasting station based on their abundant resource are the ini- tial activities for this goal of becoming the almighty managing from producing contents to distributing those. There are two major motivations for this: diversifica- tion of distribution media channel (TV, computer, phone, etc.) and emergence of One Source Multiuse (OSMU) move the source of value creation from distribution capacity to contents power. 13.5 Conclusions The comparison in the prior sections shows that among the three countries, the United States is behind the 