GPP2 EV-DO and IEEE MBWA respectively. 3G-LTE is the evolution of UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) while WiMAX is the newest 3G radio access technology incorporated in IMT- 2000. The continuous downfall of CDMA, death of UMB and absence of 3GPP2 from IMT-Advanced has made EV-DO not only an orphan but also left it without an offspring. At the same time the worldwide presence of EVDO cannot be ignored and its migration towards 3G-LTE has been discussed in chapter 5. IEEE MBWA has SO far received very little attention but its importance cannot be ignored. Chapter 7 looks into several bottlenecks associated with associated with transmission networks. The two emerging transport technologies namely Gigabit Ethernet and Carrier Ethernet are discussed in detail. Chapter 8 provides details of core networks and operational support systems. The evolution of 3GPP core networks with respect to different releases along with EPS and WiMAX management reference models are discussed. The details of Next Generation OSS are also discussed in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 describes IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) and advance services like M-Commerce, Mobile TV, etc. Chapter 10 looks into various components of wireless devices including mobile software platform, radio frequency, processors, etc. Chapter 11 describes the end-to-end network architecture of xviii Preface EPS and WiMAX along with the mobility management aspects. The topic of fixed mobile convergence is also discussed in Chapter 11. Chapter 12 looks into the various branches of Technology Management and their relevance to the mobile communications industry. Chapter 13 provides a recap of previous chapters, validation of TM for the mobile industry and some industry trends including network sharing, convergence of media and telecom, green power for mobile, etc. It also touches upon providing a high level forecast for the next 10 years by dividing into three periods (2010-2012; 2013-2015 and 2016-2020). I strongly believe that mobile communications standards should be integ