ased, and NR-based V2X may coexist over time. Table 7.2 compares DSRC, Rel-14 C- V2X, and 5G C-V2X key features at a high level. The analysis of radio link performance of LTE V2X and IEEE 802.11p indicates that the likelihood of successful delivery of warning messages between two vehicles both equipped with LTE V2X (PC5) is notably greater than utilizing IEEE 802.11p technology under the same test conditions. 800 Chapter 7 5850 5855 5925 US Spectrum allocation (MHz) Channel numbers Channel usage Figure 7.5 DSRC channel arrangement in the United States [13,14]. 7.2 Spectrum Allocation Some DSRC-based systems have been deployed or are expected to be deployed in 5.9 GHz band or in 700 MHz band. As shown in Fig. 7.5, the United States allocation divides the entire 75 MHz ITS band into seven non-overlapping 10 MHz channels, with 5 MHz reserved as the guard band. There is one control channel (CCH), corresponding to channel number 178 and six service channels (SCHs) for the DSRC in this band. The pair of chan- nels (174 and 176, and 180 and 182) can be combined to form a single 20 MHz channel in either channel 175 or channel 181, respectively. Channel 172 is reserved exclusively for critical public safety communications, while channel 184 is reserved for high-power public safety use cases. The remaining channels can be used for non-safety applications. The V2X spectrum demands highly depend on environment (vehicle density, applications, traffic model, etc.), radio access technology, and target communication range and performance metrics. System-level analysis shows that approximately 20-30 MHz of bandwidth is needed in typ- ical highway scenarios for target range of 300-320 m based on LTE V2X sidelink commu- nication [10]. Discussions on ITS spectrum allocation adjustments in low and high bands are in progress to allocate new spectrum for V2X as follows (see Fig. 7.6): Low-band: Potential use of 5.925-6.425 GHz in addition to 5.855-5.925 GHz. High band: Frequency allocation above 6 GHz in Europe may be updated-center fr