grange Internet, 39, 40, 129-31, 226, 367, 398, 411, 424, multiplier/parameter method, 64, 66, 91, 92, 142, 428, 529, 564, 592 573,574,579 Inverse Fourier transform, see Fourier transform theorem, see Theorem IPv6, 425 Laloe, F., 635 Irreversible computation, see Computation Landauer, R., 286 ISDN (integrated services digital network), 591 Landauer Italian language source, 58, 160 bound/limit, 286 ITU-T, 592 principle, XV, xix, 283-8, 296 Language Jaynes, E. T., 50 coding, see Coding Jelly beans, 11 entropy, see Entropy Jensen's inequality, 124 Laplace Joint distribution, see Probability entropy, see Entropy model, 190 events, see Event rule, 191 probability/distribution, see Probability Laser, 32, 65 Jokes, 41 Lavor, C., 390 JPEG, 161, 191, 598-600 Lelewer, D. A., 183, 192, 207 Lempel, A., 200 Kahn, D., 525 Lempel-Ziv coding, see Coding Kernel, 437 Length (codeword), see Codeword Ket, 306, 334 Lenstra algorithm, see Algorithm Levi, S., 424, 525 asymmetric (-) cryptography, see Cryptography Levi-Civita (symbol), 314 attack, 563 Lieb theorem, see Theorem double or two (-) encryption, see Encryption Lifetime (1/e), 28, 88 exchange, 523, 525, 532, 561 Ligature, 167 private, 425 Limiting PDF, 33 public, 425 Lin, S., 614 secret, 425, 523, 524, 529, 536, 541, 543, Linear block codes, see Code secret (-) distillation, 524, 557 polarization, see Polarization space, 525, 536, 541, 542 Locality, 367 symmetric (-) cryptography, see Cryptography non (-), see Non without (-) exchange, 523, 527, 534-6 Logic gate, see Gate Keyspace, see Key Logistic (-) distribution, see Probability Klein's inequality, 437, 440, 660 Log-normal distribution, see Probability Index Lossless compression, see Compression Measurement, 305, 343 Lossy compression, see Compression basis-states (-), 333, 337 Lotto, 41 Bell states (-), 365-7 Lucifer cryptosystem, see IBM failure, 358 LZ1/LZ2, see Coding N-qubit (-), 361-5 LZ77/LZ78, see Coding operator, see Operator post (-) state, see State M-ary modulation format POVM (-), 333, 343, 348-51, 450, 451, 48