pratment build- emergencies, 205-207 ings and enterprises, 195 transporting movies and TV in the core, 186 fiber, 5 carrier-neutral co-location facilities, 211 six-pair fiber undersea cable, 6 carrier-owned co-location facilities, 210 hybrid fiber/coaxial cabling, 204 carriers, 9 network, 38-44 agents for, 149 connections between fiber and copper, 43 as applied to telecommunications, 334 disadvantages of copper cabling, 39 co-location facilities, 209 Index carriers (Contd.) cellular networks. See also fourth-generation, compensation for content providers' use of second-generation, and third-generation their infrastructure, 293 cellular networks differentiating themselves from other provid- SS7 signaling in second- and third-generation ers and smaller carriers, 217 networks, 208 impact on traditional carriers of VoIP for inter- Wi-Fi standards, architecture and use in, national calling, 223 365-376 large multinational, Tier 1 carriers, 271 cellular services, 134 managed services offerings, 217 analog cellular service, 308 MPLS VPN services, 224 defined, 309 purchasing other carriers, causing spectral mobile carriers in the U.S., 135 inefficiencies, 316 retail outlets as agents for, 150 regional, Tier 2 carriers, 271 use of microwave, 248 roaming agreements among mobile carriers, centralized applications, 52 central offices, 172 term used synonymously with providers and central office switches, mobile networks, 330 ISPs, 167 CenturyLink, 111, 116, 124, 133 used synonymously with ISPs, 271 Certeon Inc., 21 Cartee, Wendy, 264 channel service unit/digital service unit (CSU/ Category 3 unshielded, twisted-pair cabling, 40 DSU) equipment, 249 Category 5e unshielded, twisted-pair cabling, 41 charging mobile devices, 358 Category 5 unshielded, twisted-pair cabling, 41 Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COP Category 6a unshielded, twisted-pair cabling, 41 PA), 128 Category 6 unshielded, twisted-pair cabling, 41 Chile, 402 Category 7 unshielded, twisted-pair cabling, 41 China, 392, 393-398 CDMA450, 383 Baidu social n