41-5 radio flexibility and capability, 117-20 Channel protection fundamentals, 201 software technology, 127 channel coding and error control, for bit errors and packet AI techniques, 127-8 losses, 205 networking protocols, 129 convolutional codes, 210-14 policy engines, 127 interleaving, 214 signal processing, 128-9 linear block codes, 206-10 software communications architecture, 129-30 turbo codes, 214-15 spatial awareness or situational awareness, 126-7 hierarchical modulation, 216-18 spectrum awareness and potential for sublease or borrow, 130 hybrid ARQ protocols, 220-21 spectrum awareness/frequency occupancy, 125 pure ARQ protocols, 219-20 time, 126 Shannon's source and channel theorems, 202 timeline for, 137 channel coding, 203-5 Cognitive waveform development, 113-14 extensions, 205 Collaborative signal and information processing (CSIP), 253 source coding, 202-3 Collision detection, 385 source-channel coding, 204-5 Colour spaces: sounding techniques, 340-1 chromaticity diagram, 478-80 Channelization codes, 309 constant luminance problem, 482 Characteristic impedance (Zo), of transmission lines, 20, 42 gamma correction, 480 by measurement, 50 current systems, 481-2 open-circuit measurement, 51 early NTSC systems, 481 short-circuit measurement, 51-2 early PAL and SECAM systems, 483 Index Colour spaces: (continued) DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML), 125, 128 non-CRT displays, 482 Data and voice traffic, differences in, 153 HLS (hue, lightness, saturation) color space, 477 data traffic characteristics, 156 HSI (hue, saturation, intensity) color space, 477-8 broadcast channels, 157-8 HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space, 477 data networks, 159-60 non-RGB color space considerations, 480 layering and routing, 159 PhotoYCC color space: protocol layers, 158-9 PhotoYCC to RGB, 477 protocol stacks, 159 RGB to PhotoYCC, 475, 477 packet switching VS. circuit switching, 151 RGB color space: connectionless switching, 153-4 scRGB, 470 frame switching, 152-3 sRGB, 469 packet switching, 153 xvYCC color space, 474 voice