een 11 Measurements Table 11.3 Measurement results for UMi scenario- open square. Number of Delay Azimuth Elevation Number of Tx position paths spread (ns) spread (deg.) spread (deg.) clusters Average Standard deviation 51.2 m meeting meeting meeting meeting corner corner Route 2 (15 in) Route 1 (25) m) meeting meeting BS (Tx) floor-to-ceiling height: 2.7 m Figure 11.16 Measurement site and route. the BS and MS varies from 3 to 25 m. The path loss is obtained every 0.1 m by taking the median value of the received power levels within 1 m (before and after 0.5 m). Figure 11.17 shows the path loss over the distance from the BS to the MS. Regression analysis is applied to the measurement data by using CI, and the regression results are summarized in Table 11.4. Note that the CI model is expressed in Eq. (11.1). 11.2.3.2 Measurement of Channel Model Parameters Figure 11.18 shows the channel sounder configurations, and Table 11.5 gives the spec- ifications for the channel sounder for the 20 GHz band. On the transmitter (Tx) side, OFDM signals with a 50 MHz bandwidth at the 20 GHz band are generated and trans- mitted from a 2.4 dBi sleeve antenna. The transmission power is 30 dBm. On the receiver (Rx) side, a 19.1 dBi horn antenna with a 20° HPBW is used. After down-converting the received RF signals to an intermediate frequency (IF) band, the complex amplitudes of the subcarriers (transfer functions) are stored in a PC. The PDPs are obtained by con- verting the stored data into channel impulse responses. 11.2 Propagation Measurements Above 6 GHz Figure 11.17 Path loss VS. distance. Cl model (PLE n = 1.81) Distance (m) Table 11.4 Regression analysis. Parameters OFF (dB) The channel sounding for indoor hotspot scenarios was performed in an office of NTT DOCOMO R&D center in Yokosuka, Japan [6, 10]. The office size is 51.2 X 16.2 X 2.7 m. There are wooden or metal desks and drawers, chairs, and lockers arranged in the office. There are also some meeting rooms and office equipment rooms that are surrounded by glass with me