or the internet access for the local content. The benefit for the operator is that the local traffic is offloaded from the operator's core network. Femto cells are designed for low cost implementation and for simple installation which makes it possible for any user to connect femto cell to his broadband connection. The simple installation requires that femto cells have a number of automatic configuration and optimization features for plug & play operation. 5.6.4 Recommendations Indoor Wi-Fi deployment achieves the lowest cost, lowest energy consumption and the best network performance in a high-traffic urban environment. Indoor femto cell deployment requires a similar number access points to provide the same performance; however, it shares the spectrum with the micro cell layer and can cause interference and is not suitable for very dense, very large deployments. Wi-Fi is a good supplement to an installed DAS system to help bring capacity for large indoor venues that require an operator neutral deployment. An LTE pico or pico cluster-type solution can be a good complement to an existing DAS system and add significant capacity or boost subscriber experience. Finally, deployment of indoor pico cells can reduce the scale of deployment to provide a cost-optimized solution. The summary of the indoor offload recommendation can be seen in Table 5.4. Cost Aspects Total cost of ownership (TCO) is one of the most important deciding factors when choosing a network deployment path. However, the TCO in each case depends on the operator's current installed base, its spectrum situation and user equipment penetration. The different deployment paths have been analyzed from a TCO perspective to outline the key TCO trends. The target of a TCO calculation is to bring together all the costs of a technical solution over its lifetime which in this case is complete network evolution scenarios over 5-10 years. These TCO values can then be compared to discover the best deployment options. For a fair comparison, it is Small Cell Deployment