or group optical (09) and approved in year 2006. Only corporate and not individuals can become a member of ATIS. An unlim- ited number of employees from a corporate member company can participate in activities of ATIS. Membership is not free and nonmembers need to pay for downloading some of the standard documents. ATIS conducts different kinds of events to promote work and visibility of standards. Some of the events include conference to discuss cutting edge technologies, expo to showcase standards and solutions and webinars (web-based seminars) to promote work or interest on a topic. ATIS is also a member of the Global Standards Collaboration (GSC), which facilitates collaboration work between standards organizations that are part of GSC. Web site: www.atis.org 7.9 OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) The OASIS was founded in 1993 and was initially called SGML as it was dedi- cated to developing guidelines for interoperability among products that support the standard generalized markup language (SGML). The name was later changed from SGML to OASIS to reflect a broader scope of technical work with exten- sible markup language (XML) and other related standards. The work of OASIS is directed toward development and adoption of open standards. The standards of OASIS mostly add value in enterprise management rather than telecom management. This is because the consortium produces standards for Web services, security, and e-business that are suited for enterprise networks rather than telecom domain. OASIS operation and structure is much more transparent compared to other standardizing bodies. Here members themselves set the technical agenda and work is approved by voting. There are different levels of membership in OASIS like Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS foundational sponsors, sponsors, contributors, and liaisons. Employees of any of the member companies can register and start participating in the technical com- mittees without any payment. Technical committees can be for