, 54-55, 100, 166-69; long- distance services, 80-85, 88, 100, 166-69; Netherlands, 138, 140 network leasing, 34; universal service Network unbundling: and broadband effects, 2, 166-69; wireless communica- services, 127-29; Canada, 134; and capital tions, 15, 67, 84-85, 97, 98, 100, spending, 69-72; court cases, 10, 11-12, 107-08, 167; and wireless substitution, 60, 63; deregulation provisions, 9-13, 100-103 121, 157; European Union, 137-40, 155; RCN, 46 Japan, 143, 144, 154; Korea, 145, Reciprocal compensation, 12, 15, 82, 97 154-55; long-distance carriers and local Resale: court cases, 53; European Union, services, 50-53; revenue effects, 34-35, 137-40; Japan, 144; local services, 36-38; 36-40, 46-47, 65-66 long-distance services, 79-80; revenue New York, 51, 52 limitations, 33-34, 36, 38-39, 46-47, Nextel, 27, 84, 96, 106-07 157; in Telecommunications Act, 9-10, NextWave, 104 Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Revenues: Bell companies, 55-56, 65-69; Corporation (NTT), 143-44 Canada, 134-35; European Union, Nortel, 161, 163 137-38, 140-41; and household Norway, 138 spending, 25-27; Japan, 143-44; local NTT East and West, 143, 144, 153 services, 32, 42-45, 46, 47-49; long- distance companies, 79, 91-92; long- "One-Rate" plan, 84, 97 distance services, 79, 91-92, 100; telecom generally, 19-22, 158, 160-61; and Portugal, 148 welfare gains, 55-56; wireless Power and Associates, 103 communications, 97 Pricing structures. See Rate structures Rights of way, deregulation provisions, 13 Primetrica, 103 Roaming rates, 97, 108 Privatization, European Union, 133, 137, Robinson-Patman Act, 165 152-53 Rodini, Mark, 101 Index Satellite systems, 114-17, 159 network unbundling, 3; as new regulation, SBC, 27, 41, 51, 96, 130-31 16, 29, 156-58; purpose, 7, 9; universal Sidak, J. Gregory, 120 service provision, 166; wireless Singapore Telephone, 155 communications, 14-15 Softbank, 143-44 Telecommunications Directive, European Southern New England Telephone Company, Union, 133 72-73 Telefonica, 152, 153 Spain, 152, 153 Teleglobe, 79 Sp