users. References 1 3GPP TR 38.913 (2018). Study on scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies. 3GPP 2018. 2 3GPP TSG-RAN R1-167531 (2016). Area, power and latency comparison for NR high throughput decoder. WG1 Meeting #86, Gothenburg, Sweden, 22-26 August 2016. 3 3GPP TS 38.331 v15.4.0 (2019). "NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specifi- cation", 3GPP, January 2019. 4 3GPP R2-1813462 (2018). LS on the RRC message size restriction, Gothenburg, Sweden, 20-24 August 2018. 5 GTI (2018). 5G Sub-6GHZ Spectrum and Re-farming White Paper. 6 3GPP TR 37.863-01-01 v15.2.0 (2019). E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) - NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) of LTE 1 Down Link (DL) / 1 Up Link (UL) and 1 NR band. 3GPP, January 2019. 7 3GPP TR 38.840 v1.0.0 (2019). Study on UE Power Saving; NR. 3GPP, March 2019. Internet of Things Optimization Harri Holma¹ Rapeepat Ratasuk 2 and Mads Lauridsen 1 Nokia Bell Labs, Finland 2 Nokia Bell Labs, United States of America 3 Nokia Bell Labs, Denmark CHAPTER MENU Introduction, 431 loT Optimization in LTE Radio, 433 LTE-M, 436 Narrowband-loT, 439 loT Optimization in LTE Core Network, 442 Coverage, 443 Delay and Capacity, 444 Power Saving Features, 446 NB-loT Power Consumption Measurements, 448 loT Solution Benchmarking, 449 loT Optimizations in 5G, 451 Summary, 458 References, 459 14.1 Introduction Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection and autonomous exchange of data between devices which are machines or parts of machines, also called sensors and con- trols. IoT can also be described as a network of physical objects that are connected to the Internet. The future connected world is expected to have tens of billions of IoT devices. This chapter focuses on the cellular IoT technologies. IoT enables a huge number of use cases in the areas of homes and consumers, industries, utilities and environment, logis- tics and connected cars. Example use cases are illustrated in Figure 14.1: smart metering for the collection of electricity or gas met