o technical perfor- mance for IMT-2020 radio interface(s). November 2017. 4 Report ITU-R M.2411-0 (2017). Requirements, evaluation criteria and submission templates for the development of IMT-2020. November 2017. 5 Report ITU-R M.2412-0 (2017). Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface tech- nologies for IMT-2020. November 2017. 6 NGMN Alliance (2015). NGMN 5G White Paper. March 2015. 7 NGMN Alliance (2018). 5G End-to-End Architecture Framework v2.0. February 2018. 8 NGMN Alliance (2018). Service-Based Architecture in 5G. January 2018. 9 NGMN Alliance (2016). Perspectives on Vertical Industries and Implications for 5G. September 2016. 10 NGMN Alliance (2018). 5G Extreme Requirements: E2E Considerations. August 2018. 11 NGMN Alliance (2016). 5G Prospects - Key Capabilities to Unlock Digital Opportu- nities. July 2016. 12 NGMN Alliance (2019). Definition of the Testing Framework for the NGMN 5G Pre-Commercial Network Trials (Version 2). January 2019. 13 3GPP Technical Report TR38.900 (2016). Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above 6 GHz. Version 14.0.0 June 2016. 14 3GPP Technical Report TR38.913 (2016). Study on scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies. Version 14.0.0 September 2016. 15 3GPP Technical Report TR38.802 (2017). Study on new radio access technology Physical layer aspects. Version 14.0.0 March 2017. 16 3GPP Technical Report TR 38.801 (2017). Study on new radio access technology: Radio access architecture and interfaces. Version 14.0.0 March 2017. Technology Components Harri Holma Nokia Bell Labs, Finland CHAPTER MENU Introduction, 27 Spectrum Utilization, 27 Beamforming, 31 Flexible Physical Layer and Protocols, 33 Network Slicing, 44 Dual Connectivity with LTE, 44 Radio Cloud and Edge Computing, 46 Summary, 47 Reference, 47 3.1 Introduction 5G targets are set very high, not only in terms of data rates up to 20 Gbps and capacity increase by 1000 times but also in terms of providing a flexible platform for the new ser- vices like massive Internet of Things (IoT) 