Control Node Design 4.6.1.3 Scalability Benefit 4.6.2 Design Challenges 4.6.3 TE Solution Overview Summary SDN and NFV in 5G 5G Overview 5.1.1 Architecture Service Function Chaining 112 5.2.1 OpenFlow-Based SFC Solution 5.2.1.1 Represent Directions with Port Types 5.2.1.2 Realize Policies with Multiple Forwarding Tables 5.2.1.3 Handle Dynamics with the Microflow Table 5.2.1.4 Encode Service Chaining with Metadata 5.2.1.5 Summary of Dataplane Functions 5.2.2 SFC Monitoring 122 5.2.2.1 Handling Multiple Monitoring Tasks 5.2.3 Optical SFC 5.2.3.1 Service Placement in Optical NFV 5.2.4 Verification of Service Function Chaining Core Network Functions Virtualization: vEPC Contents 5.3.1 Existing Solutions Problems 5.3.2 Virtualization and Cloud-Assisted PC Virtualized Customer Premises Equipment 5.4.1 Requirements 5.4.2 Design Summary Open Source and Research Activities Open Source Initiatives 6.1.1 OpenStack 6.1.2 OpenDayLight 6.1.3 OPNFV 152 6.1.4 CORD: Central Office Re-architected as a Data Center NFV Research Problems Summary References Index List of Figures Figure 2.1 Cloud computing architecture. Figure 2.2 Virtual machine architectures. Figure 2.3 Docker container architectures. Figure 2.4 VPN illustration. Figure 2.5 Switch-based SDN virtualization. Figure 2.6 Host-based SDN virtualization. Figure 3.1 NFV architecture in cloud computing stacks. Figure 3.2 ETSI NFV reference architecture. Figure 3.3 OPNFV architecture. Figure 3.4 VNF performance characterization. Figure 3.5 NF model overview. Figure 3.6 Load balancer code and a slice (bold and bold italics). Figure 3.7 Model. Figure 3.8 Source-code-based NF modeling method. (a) Step 1: slice program; (b) Step 2: execution paths; (c) Step 3: fill in model; (d) Step 4: Models of LB(hash) and cache. Figure 3.9 Black box NF modeling method. Figure 3.10 VNF placement system overview. Figure 4.1 SDN architecture. Figure 4.2 SDN components and examples. List of Figures Figure 4.3 SDN comparison. Figure 4.4 Inter-data center WAN: a use case of SDN. Figure 4.5 SDN contr