ffice to each neighborhood because the splitter divides the capacity on a single fiber strand among multiple subscribers. www.TechnicalPDF.com Instead of fiber, when cabling is closer to homes, coaxial cabling or unshielded twisted-pair are often used to transmit signals over the last few hundred feet from subscribers. PONs are used extensively in mobile networks as well where they transmit signals between antennas and carriers' data centers. Data centers in mobile networks are where mobile providers manage their wireless networks, collect usage data for billing, and offer special applications such as voice mail and text messaging. With PON technology, only one pair of fiber is brought to the neighborhood but multiple pairs are split out from PON interfaces to homes. Splitters divide the capacity of the fiber among up to 32 homes and small businesses. Figure 4-10 shows one possible scenario. Splitters are passive in that they don't require electricity and they are small; they're about the size of a smartphone. These are key factors because space in the network is at a premium and electrical costs are soaring. PON equipment at the central office, inside customers' premises, and in cabinets in neighborhoods do require electricity. www.TechnicalPDF.com PASSIVE Uses GPON Components Central Office ADTRAN ONT IPTV Head End Splitter ADTRAN ONT Internet P Pore ADTRAN ONT Voice Switch ADTRAN ONT ACTIVE ADTRAN ONT Figure 4-10 PON splitter in neighborhood; an MSAN (Multi-Service Access node) connects www.TechnicalPDF.com subscribers to the Internet and other networks. (Courtesy of Adtran, Inc.) PON Standards-Gigabit Ethernet In contrast to residential PON services, which have higher capacity for downloads, PON services for business customers have synchronous capacity; equal bandwidth to and from their devices. Business and commercial organizations upload and download applications and data to and from the cloud and the Internet in equal amounts. However, 10Gb XG PONs support 10 Gigabit service downstream and 2.5 Gigabit serv