 a remote server over [3,17]. a TCP/IP means of transferring e-mail messages from a server to a client. Once configured, the client's use of this protocol remains transparent to the user 1.1 Mobile broadband wireless access technologies rates and user cell-edge, and average throughputs, etc. The requirements presented in Table 1-2, defined by ITU-R Working Party 5D, are for the purpose of consistent definition, specification, and evaluation of the candidate IMT-Advanced proposals in conjunction with the development of recommendations and reports such as the framework and key characteristics, and the detailed speci- fications of IMT-Advanced. The intention of these requirements is to ensure that IMT-Advanced technologies are able to fulfill the objectives of the 4th generation of cellular systems and to set a specific level of minimum performance that each proposed technology needs to achieve in order to be considered by ITU-R for IMT-Advanced. These requirements are not intended to restrict the full range of capabilities or performance that candidate technologies for IMT-Advanced might achieve, nor is it intended to describe how the IMT-Advanced technologies might perform in actual deployments under operating conditions that could be different from those presented in ITU-R Recommendations and Reports on IMT-Advanced. Satisfaction of these requirements are verified through link- and system-level simu- lations (for VoIP capacity, spectral efficiencies, and mobility), analytical (for user and control-plane latencies, as well as handover interruption time), and inspection (for service requirements and bandwidth scalability) [19]. The methodology, guidelines, and common configuration parameters are specified in reference [19]. The requirements for system and user data rates are described in the form of frequency-normalized spectral efficiency, to make them independent of bandwidth and practical spectrum allocations. Some of the requirements noted in Table 1-2 are evaluated via system-level simulations, and the mobilit