336f. See also last-mile broadband Benkler, Yochai, 379n12 regulation Beta, 142-143 cable modem termination system (CMTS), 335 bill-and-keep arrangements, 156, 264-266, 414-415, cable television complementary services, 112 Bird, C. G., 5 deregulation of, 337 BitTorrent, 347 monopoly issues, 349n27 Black, Hugo, 211-212 output vs. content in, 28-29 Bohn, Roger, 5 physical vs. regulatory takings, 207-209, 214-216 Bollinger, Lee C., 356n34 regulation of, 335-337 bottlenecks, 22, 23f, 149 California III, 134n19 mandated interconnection, 392-393 capacity, network Brandeis, Louis, 127-129,211, 226, 396n42 access regulation affect on demand, 77-78 Brewer, David, 219 limited, 59. See also capacity pricing Breyer, Stephen, 144, 197, 253, 274-275, 369 capacity pricing, 78, 88f Broache, Anne and McCullagh, Declan, 425n20 under asymmetric information, 88f, 94 broadband networks and Internet regulation priority pricing, 93-94 congestion, economics of, 412-420 reliability pricing, 90-93 Coasian proxies as alternative solution to reliability schedule, 91, 92f congestion, 419-420 shadow price of capacity, 91 Index Vickrey auctions of capacity, 88-90, 92-93 Comcast, 347 virtual demand function, 90-91 Comcast-AT&T merger, 359 with congestion and service quality, 94-106 Comcast order, 375, 398 blocked calls, 95-100 Communications Act of 1934 (Statutes at Large 1934), equilibrium level, 98, 98f 137, 241, 248, 251-252, 299n50 external effects, 94-95 communications network information loss, 100-106 as classic example of network design, 15 internal effects, 95 complementary services, 112-113 price-taking network firm and price-taking components of, 14 customer, 103, 104f contribution to GDP, 14, 14t demand effects, 106-113 data networks, 15 complements and, 112-113 Communications Policy Act of 1984, 337 free-entry with monopolistic competition, 110, communication/transportation/distribution networks, 13-14 mandated access and, 111, 112f comparable sales approach, 195, 224, 226 market clearing price, 108, 109f comparably efficient interc