 will see their integration such that high-performance voice, data, and information services will be available anywhere. Although different network technologies will still be in use in different parts of the world, multimode terminals will allow us to access similar services anywhere. Development of telecommunications as a business area depends most of all on new applications that will be provided to customers. We cannot even guess what they will be and if they will create the same kind of boom to this business that we had in 1990s because of rapidly increased Internet and cellular telephone penetration. About the Author Tarmo Anttalainen graduated with a B.Sc. from the Helsinki Institute of Technology in 1975 and an M.Sc. in telecommunications in 1983 from the Helsinki University of Technology. He was a development engineer for Nokia Telecommunications/Transmission Systems in the area of digital multiplex and line equipment from 1973 to 1983. From 1983 to 1986, he was a development manager for Nokia in the Multiplex and Line Equipment division and his areas of interest included copper cable and optical systems. His activities at Nokia also included product development and technical sup- port for marketing and customer training in Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. Dr. Anttalainen was the development department manager for the PDH Multiplex and Line Equipment division at Nokia from 1986 to 1989, and the department manager of Nokia's PDH and SDH Transmission Sys- items division, including multiplex and line systems, from 1989 to 1992. His duties there also included technical marketing all over the world, especially Europe and the Far East, including Australia and Japan. He was in charge of project management of international SDH development and holds several patents in the area of transmission systems, including SDH. Since 1992, he has been a principal lecturer in telecommunications at Espoo-Vantaa Insti- tute of Technology in Espoo, Finland, specializing in the areas of data com- munications, public telec