ration of Schumacher's quantum coding theorem 22.4 Exercises Quantum channel noise and channel capacity 23.1 Noisy quantum channels 23.2 The Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland capacity theorem 23.3 Capacity of some quantum channels 23.4 Exercises Quantum error correction 24.1 Quantum repetition code 24.2 Shor code Calderbank-Shor-Steine (CSS) codes 24.4 Hadamard-Steane code 24.5 Exercises Classical and quantum cryptography 25.1 Message encryption, decryption, and code breaking 25.2 Encryption and decryption with binary numbers 25.3 Double-key encryption 25.4 Cryptography without key exchange 25.5 Public-key cryptography and RSA 25.6 Data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) 25.7 Quantum cryptography 25.8 Electromagnetic waves, polarization states, photons, and quantum measurements 25.9 A secure photon communication channel 25.10 The BB84 protocol for QKD 25.11 The B92 protocol 25.12 The EPR protocol 25.13 Is quantum cryptography "invulnerable?" Appendix A (Chapter 4) Boltzmann's entropy Appendix B (Chapter 4) Shannon's entropy Appendix C (Chapter 4) Maximum entropy of discrete sources Appendix D (Chapter 5) Markov chains and the second law of thermodynamics Appendix E (Chapter 6) From discrete to continuous entropy Contents Appendix F (Chapter 8) Kraft-McMillan inequality Appendix G (Chapter 9) Overview of data compression standards Appendix H (Chapter 10) Arithmetic coding algorithm Appendix I (Chapter 10) Lempel-Ziv distinct parsing Appendix J (Chapter 11) Error-correction capability of linear block codes Appendix K (Chapter 13) Capacity of binary communication channels Appendix L (Chapter 13) Converse proof of the channel coding theorem Appendix M (Chapter 16) Bloch sphere representation of the qubit Appendix N (Chapter 16) Pauli matrices, rotations, and unitary operators Appendix O (Chapter 17) Heisenberg uncertainty principle Appendix P (Chapter 18) Two-qubit teleportation Appendix Q (Chapter 19) Quantum Fourier transform circuit Appendix R (Chapter 20) Properties of continued fractio