3-584 to networks, 107 Advanced Research and Education Network Atlas service categories, 107-108 (ARENA), 304 Access concentrators, POP, 288-289 Advanced Research Projects Agency Network Access independence, IMS, 420-421 (ARPANET), 247-248 Access routers, POP, 288 Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC), Accounting, AAA server, 375 402-406, 407 Active communication mode, NFC, 684 AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), 328, 377 Active hubs, 187 AfriNIC (African Network Information Centre), 250 Active RFID tags, 676-677 The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Active topology, 186 Exceed Human Intelligence (Kurzweil), Actix, 706 xlviii, 548 Ad hoc communications, liv Aggregated RSVP, 301 Ad hoc mode, 802.11, 645 Agnostic platforms, lvi, 141-142, 411 Ad Hoc, On Demand, Distance Vector (AODV), AINs (advanced intelligent networks), 136-137 Alerting signals, PSTN, 130 Adaptive Differential PCM. See ADPCM Allocation, of radio services, 554 (Adaptive Differential PCM) Ambient computing, xxxix Adaptive jitter buffers, 326 AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding), 603 Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), 603 American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), Adaptive modulation, OFDM, 573 Index American Standard Code for Information Inter- gain in, 556 change (ASCII) magnetic polarization in, 558 coding scheme, 161 MIMO, 558-559 error control, 164 multiantennas, 557 Amplifiers phased-array, 557-558 analog transmission with, 19 RFID tags with, 675-676 boosting attenuated signals with, 6 types of, 556 optical, 452 Antheil, George, 569 optical line, 457-458 Anticollision protocol (Singulation), 681-682 Amplitude Anycast, 269-270, 275 defined, 14 AODV (Ad Hoc, On Demand, Distance Vector), modulation, 155, 560 AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System), 581, APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre), 583-584 Analog cellular networks, 581-582 APONs (ATM PONs), 527-528 Analog transmission Application-driven networks, 148 characteristics of, 18-21 Application layer protocols, 166-167 conversion of, 20-23 Application platform, IPT n