systems management with data collected in real time Autonomous optimization of systems with complex closed-loop decision making Health applications where people can get a quantified assessment of their overall health, well- being, and monitoring Additional areas that are still being explored for more impact in applications include: Sensor networks made up of distributed sensors, which are still evolving, some as small as smart dust that could help collect more information about buildings, vehicles, and other places that need to have Internet access and applications to use the same Ubiquitous positioning applications to locate and use objects residing indoors or outdoors or even underground, where reach through normal signaling may be inadequate Biometrics applications, where systems and things could identify people using their biometric footprint like fingerprints, facial scans, iris scans, etc. Machine vision using objects enabled with cameras that could interwork with applications like Augmented Vision, to give more context-based information. For example, Google Glasses is one such application. Where all these applications lie in relation to IoT evolution is more evident in the roadmap shown in Figure 3-8. As per the current state of practice, we have barely scratched the surface of IoT applications, and a lot more improvements and capabilities are planned for the coming decades. CHAPTER 3 DEPLOYMENT CHALLENGES IN EVOLVING 4G TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP: THE INTERNET OF THINGS Software agents and advanced sensor fusion Technology Reach Miniaturization, power- efficient electronics, and available spectrum Teleoperation and telepresence: Ability to monitor and control distant objects Ability of devices located Physical-World indoors to receive geolocation signals Locating people and everyday objects Cost reduction leading Ubiquitous Positioning to diffusion into 2nd wave of applications Surveillance, security, healthcare, transport, food safety, document Demand for expedited management logistics Vertical-Market Applicatio