l Cell ON/OFF Switching and Enhanced Discovery 4.6.3 Power Saving with Small Cell ON/OFF 4.6.4 Over the Air Synchronization Between eNodeBs Release 13 Enhancements Conclusions References Small Cell Deployment Options Harri Holma and Benny Vejlgaard Introduction Small Cell Motivation Network Architecture Options Frequency Usage Selection of Small Cell Location Indoor Small Cells 5.6.1 Distributed Antenna Systems 5.6.2 Wi-Fi and Femto Cells 5.6.3 Femto Cell Architecture 5.6.4 Recommendations Cost Aspects 5.7.1 Macro Network Extension 5.7.2 Outdoor Small Cells Contents 5.7.3 Outdoor Pico Cluster 5.7.4 Indoor Offloading Summary References Small Cell Products Harri Holma and Mikko Simanainen Introduction 3GPP Base Station Categories Micro Base Stations Pico Base Stations Femtocells Low-Power Remote Radio Heads 6.6.1 Alternative Remote Radio Head Designs for Indoor Use Distributed Antenna Systems Wi-Fi Integration Wireless Backhaul Products Summary Reference Small Cell Interference Management Rajeev Agrawal, Anand Bedekar, Harri Holma, Suresh Kalyanasundaram, Klaus Pedersen and Beatriz Soret Introduction Packet Scheduling Solutions Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination 7.3.1 Concept Description 7.3.2 Performance and Algorithms Enhanced Coordinated Multipoint (eCoMP) Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Summary References Small Cell Optimization Harri Holma, Klaus Pedersen, Claudio Rosa, Anand Bedekar and Hua Wang Introduction HetNet Mobility Optimization Inter-site Carrier Aggregation with Dual Connectivity 8.3.1 User Data Rates with Inter-site Carrier Aggregation 8.3.2 Mobility with Dual Connectivity Ultra Dense Network Interference Management 8.4.1 Ultra Dense Network Characteristics 8.4.2 Proactive Time-Domain Inter-cell Interference Coordination 8.4.3 Reactive Carrier-Based Inter-cell Interference Coordination Contents Power Saving with Small Cell On/Off Multivendor Macro Cell and Small Cells Summary References Learnings from Small Cell Deployments Brian Olsen and Harri Holma Introduction Small Cell Motivations by