e, means to transmit and receive the wave, and a means to detect the received wave, as shown in Figure 10.1. This equipment essentially facilitated the same processes of present day wireless telecommunications as used for example in mobile phones. Besides Hertz' experiments a number of further develop- ments were necessary before 'information' could be trans- mitted over electromagnetic waves. These included devices to generate signals with sufficient energy for transmission over long distances, means to modulate these signals with information, efficient antennas for transmission and reception, and means for detection of the information. The clear candidate system for information transfer was the telegraph. However suitable antennas and transceivers for long-distance telecommunications were still to be developed. A number of scientists, including Ernest Rutherford (the father of nuclear physics) and Nikola Tesla (the inventor of alternating current and the electric motor), worked on wireless telegraphy based on Hertz' experiments. However the first successful demonstration of transmission and reception of Morse codes was carried out by a 20-year-old inventor, Guglielmo Marconi (pictured), in 1894 in Bologna, Italy. Figure 10.1 Transmission equipment based on Hertz' experiment. Source: Physikalische Apparate, Preisliste No. 18 (1904) Ferdinand Ernecke, Berlin, Germany, p.304, fig. 8800 in Instruments for Science collection, Smithsonian Institution. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AEarly_Lecher_line.png 1 Robert Krewaldt [public domain or CC BY 4.0 (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AHeinrich_Rudolf_ Hertz.jpg)]. Published on LIFE.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AGuglielmo_Marconi_1901_wireless_signal.jpg. Terrestrial Broadband Wireless Telecommunications Marconi learned about electromagnetic wave propagation from a teacher/neighbour, Augusto Righi, who replicated Hertz' experiments. Marconi enhanced the experimental set- up using an improved antenna and a more sensitive electromagnetic wav