 billing perception 'Neutral' to SM = Service Appli Application Applicati management providers Service providers Tunir NM = Network Service enablers ment. management Control "Neutral" to cessing FP = Fundamental interro technical plans Blatform Core connectivity Carriers Access Distribution Access Figure 16.15 Actors around the service layer Defined interfaces are important, and also to reduce complexity of the service layer architecture and evolve the service network in a structured manner. Integration of all domains makes system integration crucial: Configuration and installation towards home environment applications, HE-VASP appli- cations. Configuration and installation towards users including subscription management. Common processes shared by cooperating actors are desirable especially when using common resources. Provision of service enablers such as streaming, MMS and instant messaging to be included. Provision of security with AAA, Web service handling will come. Other service layer management areas are: Performance management, e.g. QoS, alarms, monitoring, statistics, log list, perfor- mance criteria. Fault management with corrective actions. IP service network management. 16.6 TM OPERATIONS FROM A ROCE PERSPECTIVE Chapters 4 and 5 contain a few sections on TM related business: Impact of management (Chapter 4) Cost-efficiency (Chapter 4) Telecom management and the service plan (Chapter 5) Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business This section treats telecom management from a ROCE view. Telecom management is nowadays very much business oriented, focusing on increasing overall profitability. This target is often based on ROCE. Telecom management acts on all three terms of the ROCE equation. See Figure 16.16. The revenue side is related to the billing interface towards the user. Apart from competi- tive and fair charging, user demands on the network operator/other actors are characterized by attributes such as: Service offerings Agility Quality of Service Security A