events, but discrete events, either periodical (with installed probes) or triggered by certain decision (e.g. drive tests for QoS measurement in mobile networks). Since the twentieth century with telephony as the main telecommunication/ICT service the measurement moments were targeted to peak hours, the hour in the day (on aver- age) with highest traffic intensity. A similar approach can be applied for Internet traffic. 7.9 Quality Measurement Tools and Platforms However, due to the heterogeneous nature of the Internet traffic and globally spread Internet content, the moments for the measurements should in principle cover both high and low traffic, which will include also peak hours (for the Internet traffic). But when simplicity is required, the measurements may be targeted only at time intervals with high Internet traffic intensity. The logical reasoning for measurements in the peak hours only is that if the IAS is working properly in peak hours (i.e. hours with highest traffic intensity), then the quality of Internet-based services/applications in hours with lower traffic intensity should be even more acceptable. However, Internet QoS measure- ments should be based on sample sizes and confidence intervals as given in Table 7.8. 7.9 Quality Measurement Tools and Platforms The broadband and ultra-broadband access to Internet requires also efficient and easy to access tools for QoS measurement. Since all parties (customers, service providers, network operators, and NRAs) require a certain level of quality experience which is based on certain values of the QoS parameters (bitrates in downlink and uplink, RTT delay, etc.), there was increasing need for measurement tools for QoS of broadband/ultra-broadband Internet access (including fixed and mobile one). Some of them are developed by specialized companies for such tools, some are developed by SDOs (standards developing organizations), some are developed by NRAs (e.g. by contracted third-party for development of such tools for the given NRA), SO many such QoS measu