consequential than lost bits in an accounting spreadsheet or an exe- cutable program. The outer loop controls the amount of radio resource, in the form of interfering power, that each channel uses. 10.2.7 cdma2000 cell identification The forward pilot channel is the reference for all user terminals in the demodulation process, just as in cdmaOne. Also, the user terminal uses the forward pilot to select and identify the serving cell at the beginning of a call. Pilots for all base stations are set 4 to 6 dB higher than traffic channels so that the user terminals can detect them. All pi- lots share the same PN code staggered with different time delays coordinated with GPS receivers in the base stations, the same as in cdmaOne. Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. Worldwide CDMA Standards Worldwide CDMA Standards 10.3 W-CDMA (UMTS) Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) was designed as a 3G upgrade path for GSM networks and is being deployed in Europe and Japan. The Universal Mobile Telephony System (UMTS) is the European catch phrase for systems using W-CDMA. 10 In addition to specifying the use of W-CDMA, UMTS also specifies a frequency band of 1885 to 2025 MHz for terrestrial cellular networks. As a standard, though, W-CDMA does have a significant innovation. The incorpora- tion of different classes of service, offering quality-of-service definitions appropriate to different functions (live personal voice/video communications, interaction with com- puter system, e-mail, and so forth) into the design standard of a cellular network is likely to speed development of worthwhile products and services for subscribers. These classes of service are described below along with other W-CDMA specifications. 10.3.1 W-CDMA services On registration with the system, the W-CDMA user terminal tells the network its ra- dio capabilities in one of six categories: 32 k