ks. Fixed objects such as walls, desks, and backgrounds are not repeatedly transmitted. There are a number of standardized compression algorithms (mathematical for- mulas used to perform operations such as compression) that enable compressed text and video to be transmitted in a format that can be easily decompressed at the receiving end. The following is a list of commonly used compression protocols: Various MPEG standards are used to compress and decompress audio and video. MPEG stands for Moving Picture Experts Group. MP3 is used for downloading music and other files to iPods. Apple's iPod uses Advanced Audio Coding (AAC). Most Windows-based personal computers have WinZip compression. Zipit is installed on Macintosh computers running os 10.x.x. See Table 1-1 in the "Appendix" section at the end of this chapter for a more com- plete listing of compression standards. Computing and Enabling Technologies Compression: The Engine behind TV on the Internet Video and multimedia capabilities have transformed how people use the Internet. Tele- vision and movies at sites such as Hulu (a joint venture of Comcast's NBC Universal, News Corporation's Fox Entertainment Group, and Walt Disney Company) and You- Tube (a part of Google) enable people to get their entertainment, sports events, and news in video formats from the Internet. Viewers now expect good-quality video over their broadband connections, where in addition to TV and movies, they can view real- time sporting events. To take advantage of these capabilities, broadcasters and cable networks are creating strategic plans to include broadband streaming in their product In another nod to the future, new television sets have the capability to connect directly to the Web SO that people can stream and watch broadband programming more easily on their high-definition, digital televisions. These changes have been made pos- sible by advancements in compression. Streaming: Listening and Viewing without Downloading For the most part, when people watch television and movies on t