 system. The areas of improvement and extension included control/signaling mechanisms, L1/L2 overhead reduction, coverage of control and traffic channels at the cell-edge, downlink/uplink link budget, air-link access latency, client power consumption including uplink peak-to-average power ratio reduction, transmission and detection of control channels, scan latency and network entry/ re-entry procedures, downlink and uplink symbol structure and subchannelization schemes, MAC management messages, MAC headers, support of the FDD duplex scheme, advanced single-user and multi-user MIMO techniques, relay, femto-cells, enhanced multicast and broadcast, enhanced location-based services, and self-configuration networks. The IMT-Advanced requirements defined and approved by ITU-R and published as Report ITU-R M.2134 were referred to as target require- ments in the IEEE 802.16m system requirement document, and were evaluated based on the meth- odology and guidelines specified by Report M.2135-1. The IEEE 802.16m baseline functional and performance requirements were evaluated according to the IEEE 802.16m evaluation method- ology document. The IMT-Advanced requirements are a subset of the IEEE 802.16n system requirements, and thus are less stringent than baseline requirements. Since satisfaction of the baseline requirements would imply a minimum-featured (baseline) system, any minimum performance of the IEEE 802.16m implementation could potentially meet the IMT-Advanced requirements and could be certified as an IMT-Advanced technology. The candidate proposal submitted by the IEEE to the ITU-R Introduction (IEEE 802.16m) proved to meet and exceed the requirements of IMT-Advanced systems, and thus qualified as an IMT-Advanced technology. In the course of the development of the IEEE 802.16m, and unlike the process used in the previous amendments of the IEEE 802.16 standard, the IEEE 802.16m Task Group developed system requirements and evaluation methodology documents to help discipline and organize the process for the developm