left 204 million in urban areas and 41% of those living in rural areas not served. Now some 100 million people do not have access to safe water and 2 600 million do not have access to sanitation (WaterAid, 2005). About 80% of all diseases in the developing world are water related, and it has been estimated that each year they account for 1.7 million deaths and the loss of 49.3 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), excluding malaria (UN, 2003) - population increases and urbanisation having wiped out the earlier gains, such as they were. Between 1990 and 2000, access to adequate water supply in developing countries as a whole increased from 73% to 79% (Mainardi, 2003). But these aggregate trends hide disparities. In Africa and Asia, where most of the world's poor are concentrated, access to water supply and sanitation presents a far from comfortable picture. In the developing world and especially Africa, developments in the water sector have not been well targeted, technologies used have been up to 10 times more expensive than necessary, and services have been improved for a few rather than for all (WaterAid, 2005). Examination of the relationship between income levels and infrastructure coverage across 15 countries shows that as income levels rise from USD 100 to USD 250 per month, coverage of all infrastructure services rises rapidly, with water connections following electricity in terms of priority. There is a marked disparity between urban and rural access and the very poor rarely have any infrastructure services at all (Komives, 2001). Table 5.8. Water supply coverage 1994 Urban population served Rural population served Total population served Region Millions Millions Millions Africa Latin America and Caribbean Asia and the Pacific 1 690 Western Asia Global 1 315 1 953 Source: Warner, 1997. INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 © OECD 2006 5. THE IMPACTS OF CHANGE ON THE LONG-TERM FUTURE DEMAND FOR WATER SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE Prior to 1980, water 