gement. The HP OpenView can be described as a suite of software applications with multiple optional modules/smart plug-ins and third-party applications. HP OpenView was rebranded in 2007. Its open archi- tecture and multiplatform support helps in out-of-the-box integration and rapid deployment that leads to a quick return on investment (ROI). Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS Some of the products in HP OpenView Suite are: OpenVie network node manager: It is primarily a network monitoring product. The network node manager (NNM) collects management data and event notifications from servers, storage devices, and clients and displays data on the OpenView NNM console. This centralized management console leads to better management of devices and lesser time to resolve a network issue. NNM can perform an automatic discovery of devices running Insight man- agement agents. The product uses SNMP as the primary network manage- ment protocol and has an event browser to display SNMP events that are collected and analyzed by the NNM. OpenView operations (OVO): This is an application monitoring product. It is built using NNM as its foundation, though NNM is used for network monitoring. SNMP is the network management protocol used in OVO and it requires a management agent running on the managed nodes for monitor- ing the nodes. In addition to displaying SNMP trap as alarms, OVO also performs alarm correlations. Users can log onto OVO using a Motif GUI on UNIX host, or a Java based GUI for UNIX or Microsoft Windows host. OVO also supports role-based security and customization features. It sup- ports operation on Unix and Microsoft Windows operating systems. OpenVi smart plug-ins: The SPIs are optional modules that extend the capa- bilities of management applications. Capabilities like correlation intelligence can be added to an existing event manager by simply installing the smart plug-in. These SPIs can be used to integrate with business applications run- ning on multiple infrastructure and platforms. Functions like configura