controller and stored in a log file for further analysis [33]. 3.10.2.2 Test Results The BTS switched automatically between single-stream transmission (transmit diversity) and multi- stream transmission (spatial multiplexing) schemes, depending on the reported SNR of the UE. Also adaptive modulation using QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM was applied depending on the actual channel condition. Some key results24 are as follows [31]: Average physical layer throughput was between 60-100 Mbps at relatively low speeds of about 10-20 km/h. During multi user testing, the stationary user had the highest data rate (about 30-60 Mbps) while the two mobile UEs achieved a Layer 1 throughput in the range of 5-25 Mbps. Multi-stream transmission is the key to achieving high data rates that cannot be realized in a single- antenna/SISO system. 24 Early indications of LTE performance in field conditions. These measurements will improve with Flexi BTS. Commercial availability of LTE from NSN is 2H'2010. Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem GPS receiver Measurement Local controller for measurement lab tests database GPS receiver Time server Local LTE FDD (NTP) measurement terminal database Application client Server high priority services LTE FDD U-plane GPS receiver Server gateway Local low priority measurement services database Internet LTE FDD access terminal Application client Figure 3.37 Test setup. Reproduced with permission from © 2009 Nokia [33] When the channel conditions degrade, the adaptive scheduling algorithm increasingly utilizes single- stream transmission. This contributed to a stable transmission along the whole measurement track but lowers the throughput. 3.11 3GPP Roadmap Evolution 3GPP is aggressively working to meet the requirements of ITU-R for IMT-Advanced. Rel-10 is expected to define the bulk of the content for LTE-Advanced; the term used in 3GPP for future IMT-Advanced systems. The LTE-Advanced will include significant new technology enhancements to EPS for meeting the very aggressive IMT-Advanced requireme