hing similarities do not justify disregarding the dif- ferences among the various types of access. By capturing how various network components interact with one another within the context of a complex system, our framework shows how the nature and the magnitude of each of these problems Antitrust as Applied to Network Industries varies with the precise type of access being sought. The saving grace is that the emer- gence of competition in the last mile is in the process of undermining the conceptual justification for imposing all forms of access, although the degree of competition and the precise nature of the potential competitive problems vary across the differ- ent types. Until the expansion of wireless and other alternative network technologies renders access superfluous, courts and policymakers will continue to need tools to analyze the unique problems that each type of access poses. The antitrust laws continue to represent an uncertain basis for mandating access to telecommunications networks. Not only have the theories upon which the essen- tial facilities doctrine rests long been under conceptual attack, but also scholars have increasingly questioned courts' institutional competence to supervise access decrees. Both of these concerns came together in the Supreme Court's decision in Trinko. After that decision, the presence of a regulatory regime with authority to impose access affects more than just the timing of judicial review; it may serve as a substantive bar to judicial imposition of access requirements. The Trinko opinion also contains clues underscoring the mistake of treating all types of access alike. This book offers a framework for organizing and analyzing different types of access. To the extent that antitrust survived Trinko as a source of access requirements, we hope this framework provides some guidance. Interestingly, the courts have been most sympathetic to platform access, particularly in opening up AT&T's local telephone networks to long distance competitors, and the issue has taken cen