at " she knew what Nazism would mean to this country because she knew what it did to her native country, Austria. 'I'm giving all I can because I have found a home here and want to keep it' " [94]. She had certainly tried to contribute to the war effort, too, by her inventiveness. Lamarr and Antheil seem, however, to have been more than a score of years ahead of their time, considering that FH-SS evidently was not used operationally against intentional jamming until the 1963 exercise, by the U.S. Navy, of the Sylvania BLADES system. It appears that no coded-paper-hole implementation ever resulted from their FH invention, and that in the decades since the issuance of its patent, whatever scant notice it has received has been confined to the popular press [95]. As far as technology is concerned, all of the above communication sys- tems share a common propensity for the use of electromechanical devices, Early Spread-Spectrum Systems especially where signal storage and synchronization are required. Undoubt- edly in the 1940s the barriers to be overcome in the development of SS com- munications were as much technological as they were conceptual. The emergence of missile guidance as a potential weapon delivery technique requiring light-weight, rugged construction, did much to drive communica- tion technology toward all-electronic and eventually all-solid state systems. Furthermore, the use of guided weapons placed communication jamming and AJ in a more serious light [52]: Radio jamming, in World War II generally did not require, and did not receive, much attention. Everyone was far more concerned [for intelligence analysis] with listening in. However, when inhuman radio-guided missiles put in their terrifying appearance, the electromagnetic frequencies employed by the new military engines became suddenly too dangerous to neglect. 2.2 EARLY SPREAD-SPECTRUM SYSTEMS The following accounts of early SS developments are given to some extent as system genealogies. As we shall see, however, the blood lines of these sys- tem fa