 and there is adequate consumer protection with business-driven services. Investment and raising finance is likely to continue to present problems as, given the economic conditions, there will be structural constraints on the availability of funds and also the ability to tap into alternative sources of funding. The involvement of the international financing institutions will continue to be important. Much more support will be required in order to ensure the viability of the emerging business models. In developing countries such as India and China, the key to success will depend on the forming and evolution of partnerships between local authorities, service providers (national and international) and civil society. While the problems between developing and transition economies are similar, the scope for India and China to overcome these is probably greater, given the size and pace of development of their economies. This economic growth should continue to stimulate interest in these countries, and their sheer size and diversity should be seen as positive assets. This reinforces the message that INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 © OECD 2006 5. THE IMPACTS OF CHANGE ON THE LONG-TERM FUTURE DEMAND FOR WATER SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE public-private partnerships will be both desirable and possibly even essential. It would be premature, however, to pass any definitive comment as to the viability and sustainability of their business models, as these are still emerging. 8. Summary and conclusions Estimates of projected expenditure on water infrastructure have been made for the United Kingdom, the United States, India, Russia, China and Brazil, with other EECCA countries as outlined in Section 3. The baseline used for current expenditures has been estimated from the proportion of GDP allocated to water services, varying from 0.3% to 2%, although specific EECCA countries apparently have much higher rates, up to 6%. This gives a current global figure of USD 576.4 billion in