on, and testing in the context of 5G networks. We will learn that automation and orchestration often go together. We will also learn how to manage large-scale 5G networks using automatic scale-in and scale-out, when applicable. Finally, we will learn about automating failure recovery. Automation, Orchestration, and Testing Automation and orchestration have been tightly integrated into the development, deployment, and operations life cycle of modern networks. A 5G network is no exception. 5G network specifications emphasize a cloud-native framework on which the various network functions are built, which goes hand in hand with massive-scale network automation. In this chapter, we will delve into details of network automation, understand how these critical networks are orchestrated, and discover how advanced use cases such as automatic scale-in and scale-out can be achieved. Automatic failure recovery is another topic that we will discuss in detail, and we will explore why it is needed. The integration of various network components in a highly complex network such as a standard 5G network is a massive time consumer for Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and Communication Service Providers (CSPs). We will discuss in detail how various network components can be integrated and tested. Operating a massive network is a critical task with no scope for error. Faulty network configuration updates have been the reason for network downtimes around the world. Such errors can be prevented to a large extent with accurate network operation automation. Finally, we will talk about the opportunity to monetize 5G networks and enhance performance with the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). We will understand how we can deploy, manage, and operate a 5G network efficiently and smoothly. In this chapter, we're going to cover the following main topics: Automation infrastructure in 5G Introduction to network orchestration Auto scale-in and scale-out Automatic failure recovery Automation, Orchestration, and Testing