 to deliver high capacity and high data rates. The typical spectrum resources in European or some Asian markets are shown in Figure 16.6. All the spectrum between 700 and 2600 MHz can be utilized together with carrier aggregation. The aggregation of the multiple spectrum blocks together helps in terms of network traffic management and load balancing in addition to providing more capacity and higher data rates. Also, 3.5 GHz band has been used for TD-LTE in some countries. The unlicensed bands at 5 GHz can be utilized in the small cells for more spectrum. In the best case, more than 1 GHz of licensed spectrum is available for the mobile operators and more when considering the unlicensed spectrum. 16.3 LTE-Advanced Pro Technologies Figure 16.6 Example spectrum resources Licensed Assisted Access for LTE usage. Some LTE deployments 700-2600 MHz aggregated together 16.3 LTE-Advanced Pro Technologies LTE technology has become even better with its latest enhancements in 3GPP Releases 13-15. Improved radio capabilities will make mobile broadband services more efficient, providing higher quality and enabling new sets of services on top of LTE networks. These features are called LTE-Advanced Pro and are also referred to as 4.9G. LTE-Advanced Pro enables the Programmable World for billions of connected IoT devices, vehicular communication for Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS), and public safety/critical commu- nications. LTE-Advanced Pro enhances user data rates to multi-Gbps, reduces latency to a few milliseconds, enables access to unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum, and increases net- work efficiency, while maintaining backward compatibility with existing LTE networks and devices. LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G use similar technology components in enhanc- ing radio capabilities. 5G is a new non-backward-compatible radio which can operate below and also above 6 GHz frequencies and provide even higher data rates and lower latency. LTE-Advanced Pro operates below 6 GHz and evolves in parallel to the 5G development work. 16.3.1 Multi-Gbps Da