, Philo T., 271 Computer (ENIAC), 244, 245 fast Ethernet, 185, 186, 262-264, 331 element management layer (TMN), fast packet, 373-374 (See also ATM; 221, 222 Frame relay) element unbundling, 229-230 (See also fax transmission, 215, 270 UNEs) FCC (Federal Communications Ellis, Jim, 38 Commission), 134, 136, 137, 140 encapsulation, GFP, 192 and BPL, 428-429 encoding: frequency reuse, 317 DSI, 208 and gerrymandering of spectrum, 330 voice digitization, 201 and MMDS, 333 encryption, 68, 85-87 and radiotelephone systems, 314 end-to-end layers (OSI model), 57, 59-61 and regulation of industry, 226, Enhanced Data Rate for Global 231-234,236-239 Evolution (see EDGE) and spectrum allocation, 315-317 Enquire, 34-35 UWB transmissions, 364 enveloping, 61-62 VoIP classification by, 462 Equal Access, 137-140 FDDI, 264 erbium, 410 FDM (frequency-division multiplexing), erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), 20, 198-199 409-411 FDMA (frequency-division multiple Ericsson, 210, 218, 310, 324 access), 319-320, 323 error recovery, 116-118 Federal Communications Commission Esperanto, 62-64 (see FCC) Ethernet, 185-187, 259-264, 268, 458 Fessenden, Reginald, 311 European Computer Manufacturers FEXT (far-end crosstalk), 300 Association (ECMA), 7 fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) architecture, 297 European Organization for Nuclear file allocation table (FAT), 248 Research (CERN), 34-36 File Transfer, Access, and Management European Telecommunications (FTAM), 66 Standards Institute (ETSI), 7 File Transfer Protocol (FTP), 66 EV-DO (1x Evolution-Data Only), 326 Finn, Bernard, 130 Index fixed stuff (SONET), 187, 188 Friis, Janus, 211 fixed transport, 18 Fujitsu, 10, 470 fixed wireless technologies, 331-335 full-duplex transmission, 17, 18 flags, 114, 438, 447 FWM (four-wave mixing), 404-406 flooding, 109 FM (frequency modulation), 23-24, 312-313 foreign-NEXT/FEXT, 300 formants of speech, 207 Gary, Elbert H., 468 Forum of Incident Response and gatekeeper-to-gatekeeper Security Teams, 433 interoperability, 217 forward error correction (FEC), 115 Gates,