e is choking, a delay of 60 seconds can make the difference between life and death. During a rapidly spreading fire or an armed robbery in progress delays can result in death www.TechnicalPDF.com and extensive property damage. These types of crises demand rapid responses. Security, Financial and Technical Hurdles In the United States, emergency call centers face a number of challenges: Adequate funding to purchase up-to-date technology. 911 call centers receive money from fees tacked onto landline and mobile telephone bills. These fees are not always adequate to meet the needs of PSAPs with fewer customers from which to collect fees. Sustainability to keep their equipment up and running during natural disasters. 911 centers have duplicate cabling to their facilities in case one is disabled or cut. In addition, telephone companies prioritize repairs and outages at PSAPs. In an outage caused by, for example, hurricane damage, PSAPs forward all of their calls to another center. Security to protect their operations from hackers. Hackers sending massive amounts of calls to PSAPs with denial of service attacks have caused outages at 911 centers. Identification of callers' locations when they reach 911 agents via text, VoIP telephone, enterprise telephone system, TTY (Teletypewriter), and mobile phones. When 911 was established in 1968, all people reached 911 call centers from their wired, home telephone. Signaling on these calls transmitted callers' telephone numbers, which were matched up with the address for each telephone number in databases. Thus, dispatchers were able to quickly notify ambulance, firefighters, or police and let them know the location of the problem. With the advent of mobile phones, the location of the nearest cell tower is transmitted to 911 agents. In locations where cell towers are far from each other, it's difficult to precisely locate the caller. The issue of location identification is challenging when people contact 911 via text messaging and VoIP telephones as well. All of these types of me