 them. OMA-BCAST (Mobile Broadcast Services) standard from Open Mobile Alliance is the answer to this demanding challenge. OMA-BCAST specification was released in February 2009 to define the architecture for the Mobile Broadcast services enabler. The BCAST is a bearer agnostic enabler for mobile TV services. It provides a common service layer for the different mobile TV standards as shown in Figure 9.23. The term Mobile Broadcast refers to a broad range of Broadcast Services, which jointly leverage the unidirectional one-to many broadcast paradigm and the bi-directional unicast paradigm in a mobile environment, and covers one-to-many services ranging from classical broadcast to mobile multicast. It builds upon both mobile networks which provide bi-directional links and broadcasts networks which provide uni-directional broadcast [33]. OMA BCAST Protocol Stack Functions Stream Distribution File Format: mp4, 3gp, etc File Distribution Streams Files, Repair Service Protection Objects Interaction Content Protection Channels RTP. RTCP. MPEG-4 File Distribution Protocol system, etc Service Provisioning Terminal Provisioning Service Discovery and Service Guide Multiplex (MPEG2-TS, etc.) Notification 3GPP2 BCMCS Interaction Bearer Link Layer Link Layer Interaction Function and lower and lower DVB-T/H OMA BCAST OMA BCAST related protocols or related protocols 3GPP2 BCMCS/3GPP MBMS/IPDC over DVB-H protocols Figure 9.23 OMA-BCAST. Reproduced with permission from C 2009 OMA [33] IMS, Services and Applications BCAST Content BCAST-1 Service Creation Application BCAST-2 BCAST-3 BCAST BCAST-4 BCAST Service Subscription Distribution/ BCAST-8 Management Adaptation BCAST-5 BDS-1* BDS-2* Legand BCAST-6 BDS Service BCAST Logical Entities BCAST-7 Distribution/Adaptation Mandatory Non-BCAST Entities Broadcast Interaction Optional Non-BCAST Entities Network Network BCAST Reference Points BCAST-BDS Reference Points Interface Other Reference Points Note: Interface over (') reference points to be defined in Adaptation Specification Terminal