mprovement to this be considered as part the network roadmap? What would be the cost of such improvements? Hardware redundancy: What happens to the network nodes and operations in case of hardware failure? What are the impacts of failures of different units and how does the same impact end-user-visible functionality? One could use techniques like failure mode effect analysis to assess impacts of different failures and which failures need to handled as part of the roadmap. CHAPTER 4 NETWORK ROADMAPS Cyber Attacks Security is worth lots of money. Any transaction that passes through any network is susceptible to many attacks. Some of these data are directly related to financial transactions, including bank and business transaction. Securing such data implies financial security. A secure network has many implications: It implies customers do not fear for personal data Secure networks ensure e-commerce transactions can be done without fear Secure networks enable financial transactions, including money transfer to be made Secure networks translate to more productivity for users as they need not complete operations and transactions by physically being present in some place From the data presented in the 2012 workshop on Economics of information security, the following are the chief cyber crimes committed: Online banking fraud using malware: In a malware attack, malware is used to capture banking passwords, account numbers, and related data to get into the online banking accounts, after which the criminals proceed to steal money. Online banking fraud using phishing: In a phishing attack, criminals impersonate legal websites and create legally sounding entities to get unsuspecting users to share their personal banking information, including login, password, and account details. Other forms of online fraud: Some criminals use fraudulently obtained information about services for their personal gain utilizing business services without authorization and causing losses to the companies involved. For example, cyber criminals wh