ation of the QoS parameters such as delay, 7 Broadband QoS Parameters, KPIs, and Measurements delay variation (i.e. jitter), and packet loss. Passive methods are also convenient for troubleshooting purposes. Active measurement method. In this case probe stations are deployed which can be installed software agents or deployed hardware devices (small computers or network devices with installed measurement software) on network elements on the operator's site or at users' premises (e.g. connected to home gateways). The traffic sources and sinks of the probe packets can be separate measurement devices (probe stations), or network nodes (routers or switches) that are enabled for measurement tasks or network elements that simultaneously carry user data traffic and perform QoS mea- surements. Most of the QoS measurements by telecom operators are based on the active mea- surement method. To enable measurement of QoS parameters across multiple provider networks, each provider can agree to use a common QoS measurement probes and make probe nodes to be available to other providers, or each network provider can use own measurement methods with its own probe devices and based on that estimate the end-to-end performance (e.g. due to absence of QoS measurements data from other network providers along the path of the traffic). There is a need to carry out the QoS measurements in such a way that they can be proven to reflect a service provider's "realistic" performance. Truly representative QoS measurements are not only critical for regulatory purposes (e.g. for QoS enforcement), but they are also important for all end-users (e.g. consumers of ICT/telecom services, service or network providers) to have confidence in the accuracy of performed QoS or QoE measurements. For example, where packet samples are used instead of real user traffic, the QoS measurements should provide a precision of +10 at a maximum, with a confidence level of 95% [21]. This confidence interval requires 96 sample measurements to be carried out. However, if th