efined in terms of location probability. Location probability can be defined as the probability of the field strength being above the sensitivity level in the target area. For practical purposes, it is considered that a location probability of 50% is equal to the sensitivity of the receiver in the given region. As the received power at the receiver should be higher than the sensitivity, the location probability should therefore be higher than 50%. Earlier we looked at the reasons behind fluctuations and fading of the signal strength. These fluctuations may be more or less than the sensitivity of the receiver. Hence, the design of the radio network incorporates a term known as the fade margin. Planning is done in such as way that the field strength of the signal is higher than the sensitivity by this margin. So, when the fading is taking place (slow fading or shadowing being the most prominent), then the signal level after fading is way above the sensitivity of the receiver. A more accurate link budget calculation taking into account the propagation model effects is shown in Example 4. RADIO NETWORK PLANNING AND OPTIMISATION Example 4: Detail Radio Link Power Budget RADIO LINK POWER BUDGET MS CLASS GENERAL INFO Frequency (MHz): System: RECEIVING END: RX RF-input sensitivity -106.00 -103.00 Interference degrad. margin Cable loss + connector 10.00 Rx antenna gain 16.00 Diversity gain Isotropic power -121.00 -91.00 F=A+B+C-D-E Field strength dBuV/m 38.24 G=F+Z* * Z = 77.2 + 20*log(frea[MHz) TRANSMITTING END: TX RF output peak power 33.66 (mean power over RF cycle) 34.77 45.27 Isolator + combiner + filter RF-peak power, combiner output 34.77 41.27 M=K-L Cable loss + connector 10.00 TX-antenna gain 16.00 Peak EIRP 300.00 (EIRP = ERP + 2dB) 24.77 54.77 P=M-N+O Isotropic path loss 145.77 145.77 Q=P-R CELL SIZES COMMON INFO Region 1 Region GENERAL MS antenna height (m): BS antenna height (m): Standard Deviation (dB): BPL Average (dB): BPL Deviation (dB): OKUMURA-HATA (OH) Region 1 Region GENERAL Area Type Correction (dB) 