ments (under 80 foot-candles) generate less heat, they also wash out colors and accentuate shadows. Light levels between 75 and 125 foot- candles provide a good balance of comfort and camera performance. Light angle is important factor. Most conference rooms have overhead fixtures that direct light down on the conference table. This causes undesirable facial shadows such as dark eye sockets, shadows under chins and noses, and excessive highlights (which is particularly unflattering on balding heads). Keep light sources in front of the participants and above the eyes. An angle of 45 degrees above the subject is low enough to avoid shadows. Multi-source lighting helps to maintain a constant level throughout the room (use a light meter to detect large differences). When installing lighting, be careful not to direct any lighting at the camera's lens. When professionals discuss room lighting, they talk in terms of a light's temperature, which is measured in degrees Kelvin (K). The whiter the light, the higher the temperature; lower temperatures take on a reddish cast. If fluorescent fixtures are used, avoid the exclusive use of warm-yellow tubes; they make people appear jaundiced and may introduce 60 Hz flicker. Cool white or blue-white bulbs are more flattering when placed overhead. Some facilities combine bulbs of different temperature. If mixed properly, the result will be rich, pleasing colors (rendered by using cool low Kelvin temperature lights with a yellow or orange cast) and bright light (achieved with hotter, higher Kelvin blue or white bulbs). VIDEOCONFERENCING INPUTS AND OUTPUTS Video sources may include video cameras, DVDs, digital photography, VCR, PC-to- video, and PC-to-PC. Digital video cameras, or room cameras, are the most common type of system input. A room camera is generally included with a videoconferencing Video Communications: The Whole Picture group system, but it limits placement options. Most have a limited field of view, and can only capture a portion of a conference room. Limitations in t