or IAS-based services due to higher volume of specialized services over the same broadband and ultra-broadband) are unlikely. Why? Because the operator would face a higher probability of losing its market share and with that would become less profitable. 8 Network Neutrality In broadband markets where competition is ineffective or not developed, "dirt road" effects also are unlikely because the network operator can exploit its market power in more effective ways. So, in all cases the "dirt road" effect is not likely to happen to the net- work neutral traffic, hence network neutrality is not threatened by such business factors. Overall, one may expect that network operators which provide IAS (and with that they are ISPs) will be motivated to continue provision of best-effort IAS of acceptable quality. Let's discuss QoS and accompanied traffic management from the IAS business per- spective. If all packets were of high priority (or all of low priority), then prioritization would have no effect. If only a few packets were of high priority while most of them were low priority, then the low priority packets would experience only a small addi- tional delay (due to serving high priority packets first at network nodes). The third case in this discussion refers to the case if most packets were of high priority and few were of low priority. In such a case packet prioritization would only slightly accelerate the small number of high priority packets and the low priority packets would experience signifi- cant additional delay. So, considering the business logic, prioritization of traffic seems weak if almost all traffic is high priority in any case. What will be the upper limit of the capacity dedicated for the prioritized traffic depends on the type of traffic - is it regular voice or emergency voice, or is it massive IoT or critical IoT? Of course, emergency voice service as well as critical IoT must have high priority regardless of the non-critical traffic over the same access network. To avoid the "dirt road" effect, prop