number of bits contained in the SDUs delivered to the network layer over a certain period of time. It can be derived for a particular deployment scenario which utilizes one fre- quency band and one TRP layer based on the achievable average spectral efficiency, TRP density, and system bandwidth. Let W and dTRP = NTRP/S denote the system bandwidth and the TRP density, respectively, where S is the coverage area. The area traffic capacity Carea is proportional to the average spectral efficiency SEavg and can be expressed as follows: Carea SEavgdTRPW In case the system bandwidth is aggregated across multiple frequency bands the area traffic capacity will be accumulated over those bands. In other words, the area traffic capacity is a measure of traffic a network can deliver over a unit area. It depends on site density, bandwidth, and spectrum efficiency. In the case of full-buffer traffic and a single-layer single-band system, the previous equation may be expressed as area traffic capacity (bps/m2) = site density (site/m²) X bandwidth (Hz) X spectrum efficiency (bps/Hz/site) Several techniques have been utilized in 3GPP NR to achieve high spectrum efficiency and thereby to improve area traffic capacity that will be discussed in the next chapters. To this end, spectrum efficiency improvements in the order of three times of IMT-advanced are tar- geted [8]. Furthermore, 3GPP has strived to develop standards in order to support large sys- tem bandwidths in the excess of 1 GHz (aggregated bandwidth) in mmWave spectrum bands. The available bandwidth and site density, which both have direct impact on the available area capacity, vary in different parts of the world and for different operators. Connection Density: This metric is defined as the total number of devices served by a net- work within a geographical area where the service satisfies the requirements of a specific QoS using a limited bandwidth and a limited number of TRPs. The target QoS is set such that the delivery of a payload of a certain size within a certain tim