chnology Commit- Transmission media, 41-81 tee), 38 characteristics of, 43 Tunable lasers, 467 circuit-switched WANs and, 208 Tunneling, VPN, 353-354, 364 coaxial cable, 51-54 TV, mobile, 707-712 defined, 41 Twisted-pair, 44-51 fiber optics, 73-81 advantages/disadvantages of, 50-51 LAN, 176-177 analog and digital, 47-50 microwave, 54-61 applications of, 47 PDH, 116 broadband media options for, 490 satellite. See Satellite categories of, 45-47 security of, 44 characteristics of, 43-45 twisted-pair, 44-51 for DSL, 496-498 types of, 41-42 usable bandwidth of, 14-15 wireless, 41-42 Two-pair, 5 Transmission modes, 162-164 Two-way local exchange trunks, 108 Transmission nodes, 113 Two-wire circuits, 4-7 Transmission path, ATM, 235-236 Twofish, 377 Transmission system, LANs, 175 Transponders, NFC, 684 Transport layer protocols, OSI, 167-168 UAC (user agent client), 336 Transport network infrastructure, 114-129 UAS (user agent server), 336 convergence in, 413 Ubiquitous computing, xxxix, 387 overview of, 114 UBR (unspecified bit rate), 439 PDH, 114-123 UDP (User Datagram Protocol), 170, 256 SDH/SONET, 123-129 UHDV (Ultra High Definition Video), 402 Transport protocols, TCP/IP, 265 UHF (ultrahigh frequency) Transport services Generation 2 Air Interface Protocol, 680 LAN, 177-181 RFID, 679-680 PSTN, 108-111 Ultra 3G, 611-612 Tree topology, 185-186 Ultra High Definition Video (UHDV), 402 Triple DES (3DES), 376, 622 Ultra-Wideband. See UWB (Ultra-Wideband) Triple-play services, 342, 399 Ultrahigh frequency (UHF) Trojan horses, 374 Generation 2 Air Interface Protocol, 680 Trunk exchange, 8 RFID, 679-680 Trunking Gateway Protocol (TGCP), 518 Umbrella cells, 566 Index UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications UWB (Ultra-Wideband), 665-670 System), 601-602, 605 advantages/disadvantages of, 666-667 UMTS Universal Terrestrial Radio (UTRA) stan- applications, 667-668 dard, 601 combining Bluetooth with, 663-664, 668 UN (United Nations), IPT regulations, 317 future of, 668 Undersea cables, 77 overview of, 665-666 Understandability, 3