iple access ISDN see integrated services digital networks fibre to the home, ix, 10, 205, 212 fibre-to-the-x, 212-213, 328 LEOs see low earth orbit satellites fixed mobile convergence, 329-330 link (network access) layer protocols, 184-185 FMC see fixed mobile convergence low density parity check (LDPC) codes, 148-150 frequency and bandwidth, 55-58 low earth orbit satellites, 21, 22, 267, 271-276 frequency bands, 43, 60, 62, 171, 194, 196, 199, 201, 219-221, 224, 231, 232, 261, 273, 283, 284, macrocell, 292 286-287, 294, 303, 304 Marconi, Guglielmo, 79, 154, 216, 217 frequency division multiple access, 231-234, 237, 238, mobile communications satellite systems, 271 252, 269, 321 mobile telecommunications system, 22, 220, 227-231, frequency resource allocation, 322 238, 241, 244, 247, 291, 302, 308, 336 frequency re-use, 230-232, 235-238, 270-271, 273, mobile terrestrial telecommunications systems, 320-324 219-220 frequency re-use for LTE Systems, 252-253 modulation, 51, 56-62, 79, 100, 110, 113, 153-156, FttH see fibre to the home 160-168, 179, 184, 196, 197, 199, 200, 202, 208, 210, 216-218, 225, 226, 230, 241-243, 250, 3G digital mobile communications systems, 239 287-290, 295, 297 GEO satellite systems, 267-268 Morse, Samuel, 16, 18, 65, 79, 217 global system for mobile communication, 94-95, 115, multi-level ASK modulation, 158-159, 164 165-167, 233-239, 252, 286, 291, 292, 298, 316, multiplexing, 49, 51, 58, 59, 61-63, 66, 99, 174, 195, 317, 323 197, 207, 211, 231, 269, 287 4G long term evolution, 166 GSM see global system for mobile communication net present value, 29-31 network backhaul, 21, 292, 293, 328 Hamming codes, 131, 139-141, 148 network neutrality, 24, 35, 37, 38, 209, 328, 329, handover, 326-327, 331 334-354 Hertz, Heinrich, 55, 215-217 network planning, 308, 311, 316, 320, 322-324, 331 HFC see hybrid fibre cable next generation networks, 307, 328-330 high speed download packet access, 166, 241-243 NGNs see next generation networks high-speed uplink packet access, 242-243 NPV see net present value