gth of ground Rijndael algorithm, 104 Queuing waves, 264 RIN. See Relative-Intensity Noise data transmission, 46 Receiver BER, 167 Rod antennas, 235-237 video transport over Internet, Rectangular apertures, 282 Root bridges, 416 77-78 Rectangular horns, 297 Rounded hilltops, diffraction Rectangular Probability Density from, 240 Function (RPDF), 16 Router loops in MPLS networks, Radiation and radiation patterns, Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) color, 55 RPDF. See Rectangular apertures, 281-283 Redundant bits in FEC, 204 Probability Density Function arrays, 284-285 Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, 96-97 RPRs. See Resilient Packet Rings half-wave dipoles, 228-230 FEC, 205-206 RS. See Reed-Solomon codes infinitesimal linear elements, Reference field strength, 251-252 RSA algorithm, 104 226-227 Reflected binary codes, 19 RSOH. See Regenerator Section linear arrays, 286-288 Reflection Overhead oscillating current in small electromagnetism, 222-225 RSTP. See Rapid Spanning Tree loops, 227-228 ionosphere, 247-248 Protocol prime-focus symmetric Reflective antennas, 292 RSVP. See Reservation Protocol reflector antennas, 293 dual symmetric reflectors, RSVP-TE, 391-392, 394-395 quarter-wavelength 294-295 RTP. See Real-Time Transport monopoles, 231 earth stations, 299-302 Protocol short dipoles, 228 horn feeds, 296-298 RZ. See Return-to-Zero signals Index Short monopoles, 230 Soft-decision decoding, 90 Sampling Shortening cyclic codes, 97 Soft failures in optical amplifiers, Nyquist sampling theorem, Shot noise 11-13 BER, 170, 174-175 Soft-state mechanism, 391 PCM, 9-11 defined, 42 SOH. See Section Overhead synchronization, 48-49 optical amplifiers, 162, 165 bytes, 325-327 SANs. See Storage Area Signal-ASE beat noise, 174-175 Sommerfeld-Norton theory, Networks Signaling System 7 (SS7) 252-254 Satellite communications, 275, systems, 362 SONET. See Synchronous Optical 302-306 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), 7 Network SBC. See Subband Coding channel capacity, 35 SoP. See State of Polarization SBS. See Stimulated Brillouin optical amplifiers, 16