for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the con- tent of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause what- soever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. DOI: 10.1036/0071409602 For Anna and her unwaivering help with InfoPort (Daniel) For Emmanuelle, my inspiration (Peter) For Peter, my inspiration (Emma) This page intentionally left blank. For more information on this book, click here CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Chapter 1 Advances and Opportunities in Next-Generation SONET and Other Optical Architectures 1.1 Background 1.2 The Panoply of Technologies and Architectures 1.3 Course of Investigation 1.3.1 Our Assumptions 1.4 A Short Synopsis of Baseline Technologies 1.4.1 SONET and Next-Generation SONET Positioning 1.4.2 DWDM Positioning 1.5 Key Metro Access and Metro Core Players 1.6 Rosy or Red All Over? 1.7 Modeling Parameters Appendix A A. 1 Modeling Item #1 A.1.1 Data A.2 Modeling Item #2 A.3 Modeling Item #3 A.3.1 ISP Industry Idiosyncrasy A.3.2 Physical Assets A.3.3 Those Pesky Details A.4 Modeling Item #4 End Notes Chapter 2 Optics Primer 2.1 Optical Fibers 2.1.1 Signal Degradation 2.1.2 Dispersion Phenomena 2.1.3 Intermodal Delay Distortion 2.1.4 Chromatic Dispersion 2.1.5 Single-Mode Fibers 2.1.6 Multimode Fibers 2.1.7 Optical Fiber Specs Contents 2.2 Fiber Splicing 2.3 Additional Details on Limitations of Fiber Links 2.3.1 Fiber Attenuation 2.3.2 Dispersion and Zero-Dispersion Point (ZDP) 2.3.3 Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) 2.3.4 Other Impairments 2.4 Transmission Approaches 2.4.1 Noncoherent Transmissi