e NG-RAN and the 5GC network interfaces to the PDN. Connection management comprises establish- ing and releasing a signaling connection between a UE and the AMF over N1. This signal- ing connection is used to enable NAS signaling exchange between the UE and the core network, which includes both access network signaling connection between the UE and the access node (RRC connection over 3GPP access or UE-N3IWF connection over non-3GPP access) and the N2 connection for this UE between the access node and the AMF. A NAS connection over N1 is used to connect a UE to the AMF. This NAS connection is used for 150 Chapter 1 registration management and connection management functions as well as for transport of session management messages and procedures for the UE. The NAS protocol over N1 com- prises NAS mobility and session management (NAS-MM and NAS-SM) components. There are several protocol information that need to be transported over N1 using NAS-MM protocol between a UE and a core NF besides the AMF (e.g., session management signaling). Note that in 5G systems, registration/connection management NAS messages and other types of NAS messages as well as the corresponding procedures are decoupled. The NAS-MM sup- ports NAS procedures that terminate at the AMF such as handling registration and connection management state machines and procedures of the UE, including NAS transport. There is a single NAS protocol that applies to both 3GPP and non-3GPP access. When a UE is served by a single AMF while it is connected through multiple (3GPP and/or non-3GPP) access schemes, there would be one N1 NAS connection per access link. The security for the NAS messages is provided based on the security context established between the UE and the AMF. It is possible to transmit the other types of NAS messages (e.g., NAS SM) along with RM/ CM NAS messages by supporting NAS transport of different types of payload or messages that do not terminate at the AMF. This includes information about the payload type, informa- tion for forwarding purp