ection in, 228 extranet, 356-357 Voice G.SHDSL providing services for, 502 Frame Relay networks and, 221 Internet-based, 348-350 interpolation, 228 Intranet, 354-355 Voice activity detection (VAD), 228 Layer 2, 369-373 Index Layer 3, 363-364 War drivers, 646-647 as nonswitched service, 110-111 WARC (World Administrative Radio Conference), overview of, 345-347 553, 599 provisioned, 350-352 Waveform coders, 324 remote access, 355-356 Wavelength standards, 358 changers, 463, 464 virtual router VPNs, 365, 367-369 defined, 14 VPLS VPNs, 371-373 in fiber optic transmissions, 73 VPWS VPNs, 371 in radio spectrum, 551-553 WANs using, 202 routers, 92 VPNs (virtual private networks), security, WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing). See 374-381 also CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division accounting, 375 Multiplexing); DWDM (Dense Wavelength authentication, 375 Division Multiplexing) authorization, 375 chirped pulse in, 459 digital certificates, 380-381 defining, 30-32 encryption, 375-380 development of, 458 firewalls, 374 emerging applications, 463 SLAs, 358 equipment for, 458-460 VPWS (Virtual Private WAN Service) VPNs, 371 IP over, 239-240, 462 VRF (virtual routing forwarding), 365-366 multiservice provisioning platforms supporting, VSATs (very-small-aperture terminals), 65, 67-69 VSELP (Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction), overview of, 77-78 Wearables, intelligent, xliii-xlv, 387 VSF-OFCDM (Variable-Spreading-Factor Orthogo- Web hosting, 502 nal Frequency Code Division Multiplex- Web of Trust, 380 ing), 613-614 Web servers, 297 Web surfing, 150 Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ), 297, 328 W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA), 568-569 Weighted Round Robin (WRR), 297 3G deployment and, 610 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), 646-647 Beyond 3G involving, 612 WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing), 297, 328 defined, 600 WGIG (Working Group on Internet Governance), HSDPA using, 602-604, 627 36-37 MediaFLO with, 711 Wi-Fi, 625, 640-642 UMTS using, 601-602 Wi-Fi Alliance, 641 WANs (wide area networks) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), 647-648 circuit-switched, based on I