 Embedded devices E-commerce (electronic commerce), xxxviii, broadband evolution and, xxxix-xl 246-247 games, 703 E-DCH (Enhanced Dedicated Channel), 604 for home, xl-xli E (extended) links, 135 mobile, xli-xlii E-mail, 291, 297 Emergency services, and IPT, 315 E NNI (External Network-to-Network Interface), EMI (electromagnetic interference), and twisted- pair, 45 E-payments, 713 Emotions, in affective computing, xlvi EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Inter- EMS (Enhanced Messaging Service), 596-597 change Code), 161 Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), 276 Echo cancellation, 228, 325 Encryption, 375-380 ECTA (European Competitive Telecommunica- asymmetric, 377-379 tions Industry Association), 35 overview of, 375-376 EDCA (Enhanced Digital Control Access), 650 public key infrastructure and, 379-381 EDFAs (erbium-doped fiber amplifiers), 37-40, 77, symmetric, 376-377 457-458 End office, 139 EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolu- Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution tion), 595-596 (EDGE), 595-596 Edge switches, broadband, 428-431 Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH), 604 Index Enhanced Digital Control Access (EDCA), 650 ESS (extended service set), 645 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol ESTI BRAN, 629-630 (EIGRP), 274 Ethernet Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS), 596-597 advantages/disadvantages of, 478-479 Enhanced Version-Data and Voice (1xEV-DV), 608 categories of, 478 Enhanced Version-Data Only (1xEV-DO), 608 shared VS. switched, 184-185 Enhanced Wireless Consortium (EWC), 646 standards, 179-180 Entertainment applications switches, 189-191 broadband evolution in, 388 using CSMA/CD, 183-184 digital video, 390-396 VPLS combining MPLS and, 371-373 embedded games, 703 Ethernet First Mile (EFM), 479, 482 future traffic patterns and, xxxviii Ethernet local exchange carriers (ELECs), 106 Entrust, 380 Ethernet PONs (EPONs), 527-528 ENUM (Electronic Number Mapping Standard) ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications future of, 340-342 Research Institute), 626 how it works, 339-340 ETSI (European Telecommun