n second generation (2g) networks, 331 fiber-optic cabling in commercial organi- BTS (base transceiver station), 324, 328 zations, 42 bytes, 19 single-mode VS. multi-mode fiber, 43 standards for higher speeds on copper cabling, 40 UTP copper cabling standards, 40 CableLabs, 202 Wi-Fi networks, 369 cable modems, 201 calendaring, 33 handshake, 202 caller ID, 306, 321 standards to transition to higher speeds, 202 using PRI ISDN trunks for, 255 cable modem termination systems. See CMTS capacitive technology for touchscreens, 357 Cable Modem Termination Systems (CMTSs), CAPWAP (Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points), 385 cable multiple system operators. See MSOs Carbonite, 33 cable providers Carrier Gigabit Ethernet, 172, 258 access networks, 201-204 drive for higher capacity, 172 versus over-the-top companies, 282-285 flexibillity and scalable speeds, 244 VoIP hosting providers, 93 high speed access via, 243-246 cable television, 109 increasing capacity on access circuits for complaints of unfair competition from over- Internet, 230 the-top companies, 132 migration of customers from legacy services large base of VoIP customers, 220 to, 175 migration to VoIP by providers, 182 MPLS (multi-protocol label switching) with, MSOs, 140 push of operators into telecommunications carrier hotels, 209 services, 127 carrier networks, 165-214 sale of spectrum purchased in joint venture, access networks in cable operators' networks, 201-204 supporting more video by converting to digi- convergence in core and metropolitan net- tal cable TV, 192 works, 174-185 traditional teleophone companies in, 134 femtocells in, 352 transporting movies and TV in core networks, last-mile access networks, 191-201 186-187 long-haul (core) networks, 168-171 using set-top boxes to interface to, 193 middle-mile networks, 187-191 cabling public network, 167 backbone cabling in LANs, 70 signaling, 207-211 capacity on coaxial cable, 203 technologies used in, 171-174 copper, 5 telecommunications services in national economics of fiber to large a