 suburban and urban areas, while mass- market subscribers will use medium rates services (144 kbps) from everywhere. CELLULAR COVERAGE PLANNING ISSUES Before discussing the fundamental parameters, assumptions and planning methodology, we select a region with a typical subscriber population and complex geographical area for cellular planning, e.g. mountainous landscape with large canyons and valleys, as well as hilly cities. 7.6.1 The Coverage Concept As illustrated in Figure 7.4 the ideal UMTS coverage concerns all types of environ- ments, i.e. in buildings (picocells), urban (microcells), suburban (macrocells), and global (global cells). However, at this time we cover mainly picocells to macrocells. While FDD coverage here may apply primarily9 to macrocells, the TDD solution ap- plies more to pico- and microcells. Figure 7.5 shows an option for combining the UTRA technologies for maximum coverage. The operator's initiative and creativity on new services offering product packages and a business approach will make a large difference. It will not depend only on Internet traffic. The FDD also applies to microcells, and it is not only for use in picocells. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology Zone 4: Global Satellite Zone 3: Suburban UTRA FDD Zone 2: Urban Zone 1: In building Globa Macrocell Microcell Picocell Figure 7.4 Service coverage summary. Hot spots stand as the main target to complement FDD with TDD. This seems justified if we consider that intensive wideband demanding asymmetric services will take place to greater a extent in dense urban areas. Placing TDD over FDD will handle additional traffic, thereby adding capacity. The absence of TDD in dense areas would imply denser FDD site deployment or simply a microcell FDD implementation and/or addi- tional carriers on the node B hardware. As indicated in Chapter 6, the motivation behind the introduction of 3G networks lies innovative applications; a 3G subscriber will not sign up just because of the existing UMTS network technology. At the end, service t