ablished. To reduce manual operation, the automatic neighbor relation (ANR) scheme is used. The ANR configures the neighbor list in newly deployed access nodes and optimizes the list over the course of operation. Dynamic configuration includes the configuration of the physical layer identifier, PCI, and cell global ID (CGID). The PCI mapping attempts to avoid assignment of duplicate identifiers to the access nodes in order to prevent collision. The PCI can be assigned in a centralized or distributed manner. When centralized assignment is used, the operation and management system will have a complete knowledge and control of the PCIs. When the distributed solution is used, the operation and management system assigns a list of possible PCIs to the newly deployed access nodes, but the adoption of the PCI is in control of the eNB. The newly deployed eNB will request a report, sent either by UEs over the air inter- face or by other eNBs over the X2 interface, including already in-use PCIs. The eNB will randomly select its PCI from the remaining values. The ANR is used to mini- mize the work required for configuration in newly deployed eNBs as well as to opti- mize configuration during operation. Correct and up-to-date neighbor lists will increase the number of successful handovers and minimize the number of dropped calls. Before a handover can be executed, the source eNB requires the neighbor infor- mation such as PCI and CGID of the target eNB. The PCI is included in normal mea- surement reports. The mapping between the PCI and CGID parameters can be done by using information from the operation and management or that reported by UEs decoding the target cell CGID on the broadcast channel in the target cell. The capa- bility of decoding CGID is an optional UE feature. A network operator can put a cell on an ANR black list, to block certain handover candidates, for example, from indoor to outdoor cells. 3GPP has also specified LTE inter-frequency and inter-RAT ANR. Self-optimization: The self-optimization functions were