ollaboration project established in 1998. Some of the organizations that are part of the partnership are ARIB, CCSA, TTA, and TTC. It was formed with the intent of jointly developing standards and reports for a third generation mobile system. The current specifications cover aspects of both GSM based and CDMA technology, where 3GPP works mainly on GSM based standards including GPRS and EDGE, and 3GPP2 works on CDMA2000. Standards on IMS (IP multimedia subsystem), the backbone to all IP network, are also defined by 3GPP. 3GPP has a project coordination group (PCG) and a technical specification group (TSG). While the project coordination group handles management activi- ties in 3GPP, the technical specification group develops standards and creates work groups (WG) for focused work on developing the standard in a specific area. To have "individual membership" with 3GPP, the individual must have membership with one of the organizational partners of 3GPP. The 3GPP has many standards defined on OAM&P (network management) including detailed implementation guidelines on FCAPS. For example, consider the 1999 release of "3GPP TS 32.111-2 version 3.4.0" on the alarm integration reference point. It specifies that an alarm needs to have two parts, the notification Header and alarmInformationBody. The parameters in the notification Header are: managedObjectClass: Class specific to managed object (an element or com- ponent of the element being managed) managedObjectInstance: Instance of the managed object notificationId: Unique id that can differentiate this alarm notification from another notification on same problem scenario of the managed object eventTime: The time at which the event occurred eventType and extendedEventType: Details of the type of event systemDN: The domain name of the system Some of the parameters in the alarmInformationBody are: probableCause: It provides information that supplements the eventType perceivedSeverity: The severity of the alarm Standardizing Bodies proposedRepairActions: How to fix the proble