ccess, 33 retail access and, 315-319 mandated access, 30 state action immunity, 301-302 market-based approach, 8-9, 30, 187. See also timing issues, 302-304 interconnection access; platform access; Trinko impact on, 308-315 pricing methodologies; retail access; types of access, 315-333 unbundled access; wholesale access unbundled access and, 331-333 administrative abstention, 302n61 wholesale access and, 319-322 Advanced Services Order, 341 applications layer, 379 Advanced Services Second Report and Order, appropriable quasi-rents, 147 358-359 approximate core, 414n8 The Age of Access (Rifkin), 32 Areeda, Philip E., 286, 286n13, 286n15, 287, 297n47, airline industry 298n49, 306, 306n80, 307, 312, 320 hub-and-spoke network, 24, 25f arms-length transactions, 263n32 measurement of services in, 50 asymmetric information, network capacity pricing point-to-point network, 24, 24f under, 88f, 94 Alchian, Armen A., 147n32 priority pricing, 93-94 allocated efficiency, 192 reliability pricing, 90-93 impeding, 192-193 Vickrey Auctions of capacity and, 88-90, 92-93 Amazon.com, 400, 425n20 asymmetric regulation, 126, 149-150, 252, 354-355 America Online, 344, 405 asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), 155 America Online-Time Warner merger, 359, 406 AT&T, 15 analog technology, 137, 236, 256-257, 340, 364-365 1913 antitrust suit against, 123 antitrust law 1956 antitrust suit against, 131-132 abstention doctrine, 302-303 equal access provision and, 181-182 antitrust-regulation balance rationales, 304-305 local telephone service, 123-124, 131-132 AT&T suit, 1913, 123 vertical exclusion by, 123-125 AT&T suit, 1956, 131-132 vertical integration of, 174-175 court/regulatory agency authority allocation, AT&T-MediaOne merger, 359 299-308, 311-312 AT&T-TCI merger, 359 Index auctions congestion flat-rate/usage-sensitive pricing auction services, 275 choice, 412-413 discriminatory, 94n10 transaction costs impact on flat-rate and Vickrey auctions of capacity, 88-90, 92-93, 94n10 usage-sensitive pricing choice, 413-418 automobile industry, econo