n. (Zheng, Y., Lu, H.-H., and Sun, Y.-F. The 2nd International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application, Vol. 3, pp. 137-140. © 2008 IEEE.) security. Based on the characteristics of self-awareness and self-organization, it is established. There are four extended characteristics included in this part- self-configuring, self-optimizing, self-healing, and self-protecting Working principles of autonomy can be described as follows: Based on the char- acteristics of self-awareness and self-organization, when system status does not meet service requirements, decision making should be influenced by self-learning and self-reasoning. Then, the corresponding self-adjustments should be carried out to satisfy the requirements and meet end-to-end goals. All these actions should be autonomous, based on self-functions in this part. Those four extended characteristics can be described from different perspec- tives. From the perspective of management, autonomy is a kind of ability of self- configuring and self-managing without unnecessary manual interventions. From the perspective of performance, autonomy is a kind of ability of self-optimizing which can help make decisions to optimize current status. From the perspective of security, autonomy is a kind of ability of self-protecting which can guarantee the whole processes of self-functions and can enable them to work normally preventing unexpected errors. From the perspective of stability and reliability, autonomy is a kind of ability of self-healing which is similar to immune systems of animals, enabling the whole system to be robust to face various small problems. To sum up, characteristics of self-awareness, self-organization, and autonomy are layers correlated and also closely interacted. These three characteristics combined with corresponding minor self-functions can be deemed as cognitive functions. 6.3.3 Domain Design Pattern All these cognitive functions can be implemented by a series of cognitive processes. The cognitive process can be summarized as a c