9 minicomputers, 253, 254 frequency-division, 198-199 MJP2 (Motion JPEG 2000), 73 IMUX, 289 ML-PPP (Multiline-PPP Protocol), 437 M12, 174, 175 mobile appliances, 366-367 M13, 174-177 mobile telephone service, 313-317, 320 M23, 174 Mobile Telephone Switching Office MSOH, 195, 196 (MTSO), 166, 319 OFDM, 354, 364 mobile virtual network operators single-stage, 185 (MVNOs), 323 T-Carrier, 168-169 mobility, ubiquity vs., 358-361 TDM, 20, 151, 199-200 modems, 282 telephone networks, 198-201 56 kbps, 283-285 time-division, 199-200 9,600 bit-per-second, 29 two-stage, 185 ADSL, 293-294 VSF-OFCDM, 365. 366 bit rates of, 29, 30 WDM, 419 cable, 15-16, 299, 309, 310 multipoint circuits (SONET), 178 Modified Final Judgement (AT&T), 137 Multipoint Distribution Service Morgan, J. Pierpont, 468 (MDS), 333 Index Multiprotocol Label Switching (see dedicated, 89-90 MPLS) ILEC, 458 multiprotocol over ATM (MPOA), local area (see LANs) 390,392 optical, 32, 200, 370-371, 393-418 ownership of, 230-231 packet-based, 53 principal regions of, 381 telephone, 307 (See also telephone naming conventions: network) Internet, 433-434 transport channels, 19-21 SDH, 193-194 transport technologies, 18-19 SONET, 193 wide area (see WANs) National Center for Supercomputing New York Telephone, 126-129 Applications (NCSA), 35, 36, 39 NEXT (near-end crosstalk), 300 National Science Foundation (NSF), Nextel, 323, 326, 456, 465 39, 431 Next-Generation DSL, 296 National Telecommunications and Next-Generation SONET (NGS), Information Administration 191-192 (NTIA), 13-14 Ngorongo, Edwin, 482-483 National Television System Committee NGS (Next-Generation SONET), (NTSC), 276-278 191-192 near-end crosstalk (NEXT), 300 noise, 19, 31, 32, 204, 284 near-field RFID systems, 340 noise-modulated spread spectrum, 352 Netscape Communications Corporation, noninterlaced video, 277 36, 39, 40 nonlinearities (optical networks), Netware Link Services Protocol 404-406 (NLSP), 109 nonreturn to zero (NRZI) signaling network access points (NAPs), 431, 432 scheme, 27 Network Address 