N/A (Information is carried by presence or absence of transmission) ACK/NACK, ACK/NACK + SR ACK/NACK, ACK/NACK + SR CQI/PMI or RI (any CP length), (CQI/PMI or RI) - + ACK/NACK (extended CP) (CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK QPSK + BPSK (normal CP) (CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK QPSK QPSK (normal CP) 9.15 3GPP LTE physical layer protocols hopping, the frequency resource allocation changes from one subframe to another. The uplink scheduling grant in DCI format 0 contains a single-bit flag for switching hopping on or off. Also, the UE is instructed to use type 1 or type 2 frequency-hopping and it receives the index of the first resource block of the uplink allocation. Type 1 hopping corresponds to the use of an explicit offset in the second slot resource allocation. The offset between the consecutive slots can be different and adjustable. The offset is indicated to the UE within the resource block assignment or hopping resource allocation field in DCI format 0. Type 2 hopping refers to the use of a predefined hopping pattern [102]. The bandwidth available for PUSCH is divided into sub-bands (e.g., 4 sub-bands with 5 resource blocks each in 5 MHz bandwidth), and the hopping is performed between sub-bands (from one slot or subframe to another, depending on whether intra- or inter-subframe is configured). Furthermore, mirroring can be applied according to a mirroring function, which means that the resource block allocation starts from the other direction of the sub-band they are located in. Note that in case of type 2 hopping, the resource allo- cation for the UE cannot be larger than the sub-band configured. The UE will first determine the allocated resource blocks after applying all frequency hopping rules. Then the data is mapped into these resources, first in sub-carrier order and then in symbol order. 9.15.8 Downlink and Uplink HARQ An asynchronous HARQ protocol is supported in the downlink. The UE can request re-transmission of data packets that were incorrectly received on PDSCH. ACK/NACK information is transmitted in uplink, 