<30 slips in 1 h >30 slips in 1 h <0.1% Total time > year. bThe nominal slip performance due to plesiochronous operation alone is not expected to exceed 1 slip in 5.8 days. Source: CCITT Rec. G.822 (Ref. 14). REVIEW EXERCISES 1. What is the major overriding advantage of binary digital transmission? Give at least two secondary advantages. 2. Name the three steps to develop a PCM signal from an analog signal. 3. Based on the Nyquist sampling theorem, what is the sampling rate for a nominal 4-kHz voice channel? for a 56-kHz radar product signal? 4. If I'm transmitting 8000 frames per second, what is the duration of one frame? 5. Give a simple definition of quantization distortion. Our system uses linear quantization. How can we reduce quantization distortion (noise)? 7. What is the negative downside to increasing quantization steps? 8. Companding used in PCM systems follows one of two laws. Identify each law-its name and where is it applied. How many bits are there in a PCM word? How many different binary possibilities can be derived from a PCM word or codeword? If a PCM code received starts with a 0, what do we know about the derived volt- age sample? 11. Bits 2, 3, and 4 of the PCM codeword identify the segment. How many total seg- ments are there? 12. In DS1, of what use is the framing bit? 13. How is the identification of frame beginning carried out in E1? 14. How is signaling carried out in DS1? in E1? 15. How do we arrive at 1.544 Mbps for DS1? 16. With the AMI line code, how is the zero coded? 17. If, with bipolar transmission, under "normal" circumstances, the first 1 is a -1.0 V, what would the second "1" be? 18. Where does a wire-pair cable or light-wave regenerative repeater derive its tim- ing from? DIGITAL NETWORKS What is the purpose of stuffing on a higher-order PCM multiplex? In the North American digital hierarchy, just from its nomenclature, what does an M34 multiplex do? On a digital link, how would excessive loss affect signal quality? 22. Define jitter from the perspective of a PCM link. 23. The