 channel realizations are generated through the application of the geometrical principles by summing the rays (plane waves) with specific small-scale parameters such as delay, power, Angle-of-Arrival (AoA), and Angle-of- Departure (AoD), and superposition of the results by taking into consideration the correlation between antenna elements and temporal fading with the geometry dependent Doppler spectrum. A number of rays constitute a cluster. A cluster and a propagation path diffused in space are equivalent in delay and angle domains. A generic MIMO channel model is applied to all test scenarios. The time-variant impulse response matrix of the MIMO channel can be written as (assuming N transmit antennas at the BS and Nr receive antennas at the MS) H(t;t) = EN Hn (t;t), where T denotes the delay and N = N X N is the number of multi-paths. The channel impulse response is composed of the antenna array response matrices Ftx and Frx for the transmitter and the receiver, respectively, as well as the dual- polarized propagation channel response matrix hn for the nth cluster, hence: (12-15) The channel from transmit antenna element S to receive antenna element for cluster n can be expressed as follows: Hu,s,n (12-16) CHAPTER 12 Performance of IEEE 802. 16m and 3GPP LTE-Advanced where Frx,u,V and Frx,u,H denote the antenna element field patterns for vertical and horizontal polarizations, respectively, an,m, VV and an,m, VH are the complex-valued gains of vertical-to-vertical and horizontal-to-vertical polarizations of ray n, m, respectively, 20 represents the wavelength of the RF carrier, . is the AoD unit vector, Qn.m is the AoA unit vector, T xx,s and Trx,u are the location vectors of elements S and U, respectively, and Vn,m denotes the Doppler frequency component of the ray n, m. [6]. If the radio channel is dynamically modeled, the above-mentioned small-scale parameters will be time-variant. In Figure 12-7, the placement of the MS with respect to each BS is determined according to the cell layout. From this placement, 