y requirement is evaluated through link-level simulation. Note that in Table 1-2, a cell or equivalently a sector is defined as a physical partition of the coverage area of a base station. The base station coverage area is typically partitioned into three or more sectors/cells to mitigate interference effects. In the above table, the cell spectral efficiency is defined as the aggregate throughput; i.e., the number of correctly received bits delivered at the data link layer over a certain period of time, of all users divided by the product of the effective bandwidth, the frequency reuse factor, and the number of cells. The cell spectral efficiency is measured in bit/sec/Hz/cell. The peak spectral efficiency is the highest theoretical data rate normalized by bandwidth (assuming error-free conditions) assignable to a single mobile station when all available radio resources for the corresponding link are utilized, excluding radio resources that are used for physical layer synchro- nization, reference signals, guard bands, and guard times (collectively known as Layer 1 overhead). Bandwidth scalability is the ability to operate with different bandwidth allocations using single or multiple RF carriers. The normalized user throughput is defined as the number of correctly received bits by a user at the data link layer over a certain period of time, divided by the total spectrum. The cell edge user spectral efficiency is defined as 5% point of Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) [22] of the normalized user throughput. Control-plane latency is defined as the transition time from idle-state to connected- state. The transition time (assuming downlink paging latency and core network signaling delay are excluded) of less than 100 ms is required for IMT-Advanced systems. The user-plane latency (also known as transport delay) is defined as the one-way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer of the origin (user terminal in the uplink or base station in the downlink) and the availability of this packet at I