rators, and Table 2 the operators interviewed in Asia. The information on the business was gathered from company websites and annual reports. 1.3 Changing Telecom Business Environment in China In June 2008 the Chinese government decided to reorganize the country's telecom market. The situation during summer 2008 before the reshuffle is described in Table 3 below. It is worth noticing that all old and new operators are mainly owned by the Chinese state, which owns, for example, ca. 80% of China Unicom (China Unicom 2008). M. Pulkkinen and J. Veijalainen Table 1 Interviewed companies in Europe CSP type History of Current Main access Further Subscribers operator company networks access establishment provided services Regional 1 Regional Concern PSTN, Shareholder <0.1 mio operator structure ATM, cable since the WiMAX mobile several (wireless operator 1800s daughters broandband) company, servicing companies Regional 2 Regional Major mergers PSTN, cable Shareholder <0.1 mio operators in the mid since the 1990s and mobile in 2000s operator 1800s or company early 1900s Regional 3 Regional Major mergers PSTN, cable Shareholder <0.1 mio operator in the mid since the 1990s and mobile in 2000s operator 1800s company National 1 Regional Series of PSTN, All services < 10 mio, operator mergers, cable, >1 mio since the established mobile early in the 1800s 2000s National 2 Incumbent Established PSTN, cable, All services < 10 mio, national in the late mobile >1 mio operator 1990s since the 1800s International 1 Incumbent Established Mobile In a holding > 10 mio, national in the late company < 100 operator 1990s together since the PSTN/ 1800s cable provider International 2 Incumbent Merger early PSTN, All services > 100 mio national in the cable, operators 2000s mobile since the 1800s Insights from Operator Interviews Table 2 Interviewed companies in Asia CSP type History of Current Main Access Further access Subscribers operator company Networks services establishment Provided National 1 A national GSM network ca. 400 mio China o