al efficiency is 9-10 bps/Hz/cell and the uplink efficiency 7-9 bps/Hz/cell. The cell edge efficiency is naturally lower than the average efficiency. The difference between average and cell edge data rates is approximately three times in the downlink. The difference in the indoor case and in the dense urban case is approxi- mately two in the uplink, while the difference is seven in the large rural case, where the cell edge performance is heavily limited by the UE power. For more details, see [11]. 10.10 Network Energy Efficiency 10.9.5 5G Capacity at Mid-Band The combination of larger bandwidth and beamforming antenna results in a substantial increase in user data rates and capacity. Therefore, 5G deployment with massive MIMO using 100 MHz bandwidth at 2.5/3.5 GHz can boost mobile broadband performance compared to the LTE network. The capacity increase is SO large that 5G can potentially also be used for fixed wireless access in addition to mobile broadband. The fixed wireless users tend to consume a lot more capacity than mobile users: mobile customers use typi- cally 10-20 GB/month, while fixed wireless customers use 100-200 GB/month. 5G may provide enough capacity to satisfy even the needs of fixed wireless access. Figure 10.62 illustrates the typical user data rate and sector capacity for LTE with 2 X 2 MIMO and 20 + 20 MHz spectrum compared to 5G with massive MIMO and 100 MHz spectrum. The 5G spectral efficiency is assumed to be 10 bps/Hz with 80% of the frame allocated for the downlink, which gives a sector capacity of 800 Mbps. A typical LTE network in urban area uses 20 + 20 MHz aggregation. 5G can increase network capacity by a factor of 10 while reusing the same base station sites. 10.10 Network Energy Efficiency There is a clear motivation for addressing energy efficiency in 5G networks: we want to keep the energy consumption of the mobile network on the current level, or even lower it, while data traffic keeps increasing and number of base stations keeps increasing. That means up to 1000 times more tr