ping at a fast pace. Billions of sensors and active devices are installed for different applications, e.g., home security, smart appliances, health monitoring, etc. [1, 2]. The spectrum is constant; however, the number of users, wireless applications, and the associated data usage have increased beyond limits. This has led to spectrum crunch issue [3]. To tackle such problem, either additional spectrum is required or ways to utilize the available spectrum must be searched. For additional spectrum, researchers have pro- posed to look into the underutilized millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency range, while to utilize the available spectrum, various techniques are being investigated. One such technique is non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which is the prime focus of this chapter. The expectations of the fifth generation (5G) and beyond of the wireless communication include spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and data rate as high as ten times than the one provided by the current fourth generation (4G) of the wireless network [3]. Such breakthrough requirements would also require advanced and groundbreaking wireless technologies. There have been some pioneering P. Swami (X) V. Bhatia Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India e-mail: vbhatia@iiti.ac.in © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 M. A. Matin (ed.), A Glimpse Beyond 5G in Wireless Networks, Signals and Communication Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13786-0_5 P. Swami and V. Bhatia techniques proposed for the 5G and beyond networks, e.g., massive multiple-input multiple-output, millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications, ultra-dense network, visible light communication, cognitive communication, cooperative communica- tion, backscatter communication, NOMA, etc. [3-6]. It is envisioned that NOMA can increase the throughput considerably and lead to massive connectivity owing to its working principle [7, 8]. There have been efforts to include NOMA in 5G and beyond networks comple