 full HDTV signals. As a result, satellite-to-home services such as DISH, VOOM, and Direct-TV, which dedicated channels to full 1080i HDTV programming, increased in popularity. Multi-path reception causes ghostsin analog TV; it causes complete loss of sound and picture in digital TV. Nevertheless, it is the standard the US chose, and manufacturers seem to be innovating their way out of the problem. It is unclear how or if US TV broadcasters will ever recoup the billions of dollars they have invested in the conversion to digital TV. However, it seems clear that the strategy includes leveraging the infrastructure with innovative interactive multimedia offerings. Circuit-switched Networks CHAPTER 11 REFERENCES Butt, Haroon. "World Broadband Growth: DSL Dominates." September 9th 2004. http://www.itudaily.com/new/home.asp?articleid=4090901 = Brown, Ralph W. "DOCSIS - 2004 and Beyond." (CableLabs® Media & Financial Analysts Briefing May 2004). Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. "H.264 & IPTV Over DSL." Intel Corporation. 2004. Thompson, Jim. "Move Over Cable, Here Comes G.lite." ISP News. June 23, 1999. http://www.internetnews.com/ Starr, Tom, Maxwell, Kim. "ADSL Access Networks," ADSL Forum, May 1998. http://www.adsl.com/ Carr, Jim. "Solving Asynchronous Transfer Mode," VARbusiness March 1, 1996 v12 n3 pp. 84-92. Flanagan, William A. Frames, Packets and Cells in Broadband Networking Telecom Library, 1991. Riggs, Brian. "ISDN ordering: not quite SO EZ," LAN Times November 11, 1996 v13 n25 pp. 45-47. Rockwell, Mark. "Carriers agree on ISDN service codes," CommunicationsWeek April 1, 1996 n603 p. 45. Steinke, Steve. "Getting data over the telephone line," LAN Magazine April 1996 v11 n4 pp. 27-29. The ATM Forum: Mountain View, California. This Page Intentionally Left Blank PACKET-SWITCHED NETWORKS You could not step twice into the same rivers, for other waters are ever flowing on to you. Heraclitus (c. 535-475 B.C) NEW CHALLENGES FOR OLDER NETWORKS oday's typical large organization manages multiple independent networks: 