another case, music companies won a $1.2 million judgment case against a single mother. Public sympathy for these defendants has forced music companies to stop suing individuals and begin working with ISPs who can use DPI in an attempt to stop illegal music sharing. Government Use of Deep Packet Inspection: Packet Capture Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) is an important tool for managing traffic on complex networks, carrying different types of traffic. However, carriers can also use it to aid government efforts. Some governments have requested that carriers use it to prevent information about political situations from being disseminated to the rest of the world. Many governments have asked that carriers deploy DPI to ferret out terrorist plots, drug trafficking, and other criminal activities. Depending on how it's configured, most DPI equipment can monitor either the header only or the header plus the user data (payload) of e-mail and instant messages. Capturing the payload of a message is referred to as data capture. Data capture can be used to store messages for later scrutiny or to scan messages in real time. Either func- tion requires fast processors and massive storage archives. With the capability to recognize user data in packets, DPI equipment can be used to monitor e-mail messages by detecting keywords. For example, according to an arti- cle in the Wall Street Journal, "Iran's Web Spying Aided by Western Technology" (Rhoads, Christopher, June 22, 2009), during its 2009 presidential elections, the Ira- nian government used DPI to monitor e-mail messages from citizens who they sus- pected were opposed to the government's candidate. In addition, they attempted block e-mail messages that contained information about street demonstrations oppos- ing the government's candidate. DPI software that is programmed to only monitor addressing within packet head- ers can block messages and browsers from accessing particular web sites. This has happened in numerous countries worldwide. However, some citizens figure out ways