o have good estimates or at least good upper bounds of SMS and EMS traffic levels. The signaling consequences of this activ- ity should be reviewed carefully so that we can forecast the signaling loads for MSCs, SMSCs, HLRs, and VLRs resulting from short messages. 36.5 Other Signaling Functions There are other signaling functions in a wireless telephone system. Many of these do not use much signaling capacity because they are not used often. The operations, Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright© 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. Signaling Capacity Planning Planning for CDMA Capacity administration, and maintenance (OA&M) in Sec. 15.4 and the over-the-air service pro- visioning (OTASP) and over-the-air parameter administration (OTAPA) in Sec. 15.5 are all very important signaling functions, but they do not use much signaling capacity. Fraud prevention is an extra overhead function. The extra messages we need to send to protect subscribers against fraudulent use of their telephone numbers likely will in- crease over time as crooks get cleverer. The obvious case is when a real user terminal and a phony cell phone with the same identification number place calls at the same time. There are going to be fraud-specific messages to and from the HLR to deal with this kind of problem, and such messages may get more complicated. We need an estimate of the amount of other signaling activity. If it is small, then there is no point in sweating to make it accurate. If there is a significant signaling load from these other functions, then they should be added to the total estimated ANSI-41 signaling load. 36.6 Conclusion In this chapter we have provided a process for estimating the signaling requirements of the cellular network so that the network plan can include equipment sufficient to meet peak signaling demand. We also have discussed ways of reducing signaling de- mand by careful