r DS (ns) ASD (deg.) ZSD (deg.) 10.12 14.14 14.43 18.61 18.83 19.16 23.09 23.26 23.54 27.57 27.72 Mea. Std. log 10 -7.33 Cross- Cross- correlations ASD vs. DS correlations ZSD vs. SF ASD vs. SF -0.68 ZSD vs. DS DS vs. SF -0.33 ZSD vs. ASD 11.2 Propagation Measurements Above 6 GHz Table 11.7 Specifications of measurement equipment and parameters. Parameters Values Tx (BS) Frequency (GHz) Power (dBm) Signal Antenna Sleeve antenna Antenna height 2.5 or 11.5 m Rx (MS) Antenna Sleeve antenna Antenna height 1.5 m Floor number of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 measurement Tx positions Tx antenna height : 6.2 m Balcony A1 - A3: 11.5 m B1 - B5: 2.5 m 1.6 m Building of Courtyard measurement 1.6 m 18.4 m Figure 11.20 Measurement site: (a) Tx positions and building of measurement, (b) layout of building and measurement routes. Here, PLb is assumed to be the free space loss: PLb = 20 log(d3D-out + d3D-in) + 20 logfGHz + 32.4, (11.5) and PLin is assumed to be PLin in = 0.5 d2D-in (11.6) 11 Measurements Figure 11.21 Definitions of parameters. d3D-out d2D-out d2D-in Figure 11.22 Penetration loss Regression result characteristics. 3GPP_3D "IMT-Adv. Measurement Incident angle, Oin (deg.) Equations (11.5, 11.6) are same as those in the 3GPP 3D channel model [13], f GHz is the frequency in GHz, and the definitions of other parameters are shown in Figure 11.21. The normalized measured data obtained by calculated PLb and PLin are regarded as PLtw. Figure 11.22 shows the penetration loss characteristic; all measured data are plotted here. In this figure, the horizontal axis represents the incident angle, Oin, and the ver- tical axis represents the penetration loss, PLtws. Note that the penetration losses in the 3GPP_3D channel model [13] and in the IMT-Advance channel model [14] are shown as a reference. In Figure 11.22, PLtw increases when Oin becomes large, and there are upper and lower limits. This means that the characteristic can be modeled as a sigmoidal function. The solid line is a regression result based on a sigmoidal function, and it is expr