e policy and con- trol node in the network, which has traffic management policies implemented. Using the information obtained from the DPI elements, the policy and control nodes (e.g. RACF in the NGN) send control signals to the transport network nodes about how to treat the IP traffic. 6 Services in Fixed and Mobile Ultra-Broadband The nodes at the core network edges remark the IP packets based on the priority decided by the traffic management policy, then the access nodes treat the packets accordingly. One of the uses of DPI could be monitoring of end-users' monthly (or daily or weekly) usage cap, SO when the limit specified in the SLA is reached for the given end-user, that could trigger reduction of the bitrate (i.e. bitpipe) by allocation of fewer resources in the network. 6.6.3 Traffic Management Influence on QoE for OTT Services The traffic management is targeted at controlling the network congestion being experi- enced by end-users. That is directly related to relation of the aggregated network traffic and the installed network capacity, as given in Figure 6.9. One may assume that in the longer term, from the technical aspect, traffic manage- ment will continue to be a tool for network congestion control and QoS improvement. Also, to provide finer granularity in traffic management, it will be necessary for IP packet inspection (i.e. DPI) to move from core network to broadband access network and to be based on user specific needs. For example, if a given user wants to prioritize a certain OTT type of traffic or certain application over other OTT applications (e.g. gaming traf- fic or OTT VoIP traffic over Web, email, or torrent traffic), then it should be able to do it via the operator's management interface (which should be user friendly and easy to use). Also, that approach will not jeopardize network neutrality because one of its main goals is to provide choices to end-users (e.g. many OTT applications exist and many more will appear in the future, developed on the basis of Internet network neutrality),