s, territories, municipalities, First Nations, professional associations, non-governmental organisations, researchers and the private sector to improve Canada's physical infrastructure. Through Infrastructure Canada's funding programmes the federal government has made significant investments in public infrastructure, including water infrastructure, over the past few years. To date, the department has announced investments of over CAD 350 million for water and sewage treatment infrastructure under the Canada Strategic Infrastructure Fund, and INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 © OECD 2006 5. THE IMPACTS OF CHANGE ON THE LONG-TERM FUTURE DEMAND FOR WATER SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE just under CAD 1 billion under the Infrastructure Canada Program. Significant investments in water and wastewater infrastructure are also being made as a result of the department's CAD 1 billion Municipal Rural Infrastructure Fund announced in 2003. All of these investments are complemented by the funding programmes and other activities of other federal government departments with responsibilities regarding water and sewage treatment infrastructure, including Indian and Northern Affairs Canada and Environment Canada. (For a fuller discussion of the roles, responsibilities and activities of various federal government departments and agencies vis-à-vis water, wastewater and related infrastructure, see "Infrastructure Canada: Enhancing Knowledge about Public Infrastructure - Perspectives in the Federal Family", 2002, available at: www.infrastructure.gc.ca/research.) India The annual requirement for rehabilitating existing infrastructure is estimated to be USD 4.6 billion, while the India Water Vision expects new investments to cost about USD 4.14 billion per year. Annual allocations in the past have been between USD 0.2 billion and USD 3.9 billion a year (Planning Commission, 2002). A large part of the budgeted amounts is spent on recurrent costs for personnel, electricity and subsidies, an