 UI, see User interface decoupling, 32 UICC, see Universal Integrated Circuit Card deployment, 216-217 Ultrahigh density, 247 fault tolerant VM designs, 76-77 Underlay network, 38-39 layer 4 stateful control functions, 81-82 UNI, see User network interface low software failure rates and accurate fault detection, Uniqueness, 186-187 77-78 Universal cloud overlay, 258 management, 216-217 access scale and resiliency, 259-260 management plane, 35-37 cloud overlay connectivity, 260 software design, 75 EVPN, 260-261, 262 software resiliency engineering, 78-79 Universal CPE (uCPE), 218 stateful network access services, 79-81 CPE and provider network with virtual services, 219 stateless network function with multisite design, Phone Home Process, 221 82-83, 84 uCPE call-home process, 222 Virtual FW (vFW), 178, 182 uCPE-same hardware with different services, 220 Virtual infrastructure manager (VIM), 50-51, 53, 382, 398 Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC), 20 commercial, 53 commercial open source, 53-54 timeline for UNIX evolution, 392 components, 55 viral nature of, 391-392 containers, 56-57 UPSTREAM automation, 189 hypervisor, 57 Use-case examples of SDN control, 100 orchestrator, 58 bandwidth calendaring, 100 pure open source, 54-55 flow redirection, 100-101 solutions, 53 User capabilities exchange AS (UCE AS), 311 storage virtualization, 57-58 User data convergence (UDC), 321 virtualization, 56 User datagram protocol (UDP), 41 VM, 56 User data repository (UDR), 321 Virtual IP addresses (VIP addresses), 82 UserDefined Node function, 95-96 Virtualization, 6, 26, 56, 71, 89, 191, 201 User endpoint (UE), 311-312, 320 benefits of NFV, 29-31 User experience (UX), 109 compute, 28 User interface (UI), 55, 109 of data-center networks, 4-5 User network interface (UNI), 258 decomposition of VNFs, 32-40 USinternetworking (USi), 398 hardware virtualization, 205 UX, see User experience linux containers, 206 Index Virtualization (Continued) Virtual NICs (vNICs), 208 network, 26-29 Virtual OLTs (vOLTs), 233 service chains across W