Mobile was unsuccessful and the company had to fold in October 2007. The 2010-2025 MHz spec- trum licence was returned to the ministry. Broadband Telecommunications Technologies and Management Figure 2.23 IPMobile President Itsuo Sugimura (right) receiving the spectrum licence from the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications Heizo Takenaka. Reproduced with permission of Mari Sekine, the communications director of IPMobile at the time A number of factors were important in the initial success and ultimate failure of IPMobile. Although from technology and policy viewpoints IPMobile had strengths, from a business point of view it had to overcome many obstacles. Many of these had to be overcome early on for IPMobile's project to succeed. Many of these risk factors were not addressed early enough: an early comprehensive business analysis would have improved IPMobile's chances of suc- cess significantly. As discussed, each of the three viewpoints of the TBP framework can be individually anal- ysed and compared based on a number of numerical and qualitative measures. The following is a brief analysis of IPMobile. Technology Analysis The three competing telecommunications systems in Case Study 2.1 all used a similar band- width. The transmission speeds supported are listed in Table 2.4. As it can be seen, the transmis- sion rates vary widely. This is because the component technologies used to deliver these rates were very different. Nevertheless, there is one technology-based winner through this comparison. The coverage comparison for eAccess, IPMobile and PHS systems are listed in Table 2.5. Again the difference between the coverage areas is large. Both technological comparisons do not take into account the details of the techniques used by each system. For example, equipment used for each of these systems differed in its bandwidth usage, and therefore by Technology, Business and Policy Table 2.4 Transmission rates for IPMobile, eAccess and PHS proposals Proposal Transmission rate in the downlink (Mbps) IPMobile 