al coverage by 2020. Galileo is a global GNSS owned and operated by the European Union. The system is planned to be completed by 2020. Quasi-Zenith Satellite system (QZSS) is a regional GNSS owned by the Government of Japan and operated by Quasi-Zenith Satellite (QZS) System Service (QSS) Inc. Japan plans to have an operational constellation of four satellites by 2018, expanded to seven satellites by 2023. The GNSS solution involves connecting the GNSS antenna/receiver to the base sta- tion. The GNSS receiver is a device that receives and digitally processes the signals from a GNSS satellite constellation in order to provide position and accurate time informa- tion to the base station. The GNSS receiver can be a single device that integrates both the antenna and receiver in itself or it can be separated from the antenna. In the latter case, the GNSS receiver is connected to the antenna by a coaxial cable and provides power directly to antenna. The GNSS receiver needs to be installed with clear satellite visi- bility and can be directly connected to the Synchronization Input interface of the base station. Power for the GNSS receiver is supported through the combined power and control cable connected to the Sync Input interface of the base station. The base station provides an integrated power feeding to the GNSS receiver enabling cable lengths of up to 300 m (Figure 8.24). The GNSS synchronization solution has many benefits. It can provide the highest level of synchronization accuracy required by the most demanding applications in mobile networks such as Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA), which is required by the regulator in the United States to meet E911 requirements. OTDOA is used determine the position of the UE with an accuracy in the range of 50 m. To achieve this high level of precision, it is required that the base station must achieve a minimum phase accuracy of 100 ns. This can be effectively provided by the GNSS solution. The GNSS solution therefore can easily provide +1.5 us phase accuracy to