hence the candidate beam iden- tification stage takes place on the configured reference signals (BFD-RS). Once this is done, the UE indicates the beam failure to the gNB; this takes place during the recovery request transmission (BFRQ). A beam fails when in principle the control channel of that particular beam cannot reach the UE. But since that information is not available, the UE needs to monitor some other quantity resembling the transmission of the PDCCH, and while that 6.12 5G MIMO and Beamforming Operation measurement is below a threshold, the PDCCH and hence that particular beam is considered as not available. Such principles are not new as such; they have been used in LTE for radio link failure (RLF) and also in NR for the same RLF. Indeed, the UE monitors the so-called hypothetical PDCCH block error rate (BLER), which is determined from the quality of the BFD-RS. The BLER threshold value for the hypothetical PDCCH BLER needs to be above 10%. Beam failure RS (BFRS) The reference signals on which this monitoring is done are the CSI-RSs, and these need to be spatially QCL-ed with the PDCCH DM-RS. The identification of new beams is done on configured resources representing the CSI-RS and SS Blocks. Each of these can be transmitted with their own beamwidths, in the sense that the CSI-RS can be narrow beams while the SS Block can be wide beams; what matters in this case is that these reference signals would characterize the control channel which is going to be transmitted once the beam has recovered. As an example, if narrow CSI-RS beams have failed, it is very likely that a wider SS Block beam will be the recovery beam; it is not necessary that a failed CSI-RS beam should be replaced by a CSI-RS beam. The identification of the new beams is done by similar measurements as when monitoring the BLER target of the beams, that is, by computing the L1-RSRP of that configured reference signals and applying that against a threshold. NR supports the configuration of the CSI-RS or SS Block only, as BFRS, but also both t