zas on the network elements (Although this is not a new theory in that PCRF/PCEF/PCC systems have already done this with mobile networks on a per-subscriber basis in past) Standard organizations have been working on a clear definition and standardized processing of Interchanged messages and interoperability of different vendor's components of the overall system. In future, the mobile policy systems could also evolve into SDN systems and have SDN characteristics due to the flexibility of the OpenFlow. Second, in an OpenFlow flow entry, the header of entire packets (layer 2 and layer 3 is must) are available for match and update actions, see Figure 3. Numerous of the field matches can be masked i.e., the supported type of match (offset or contiguous based) is another platform-dependent capability. These have been refined over the different releases of OpenFlow versions. Figure 3 demonstrates the complication of implementing the L2+L3+ACL forwarding functionality (with next hop concept for fast connection) can be the integration of primitives supported from table to table leads to a very broad combination of contingencies to support. There is noticeable difference in broadness of operator control in contrast to the distributed IP/MPLS model (OpenFlow has an 11-tuple match space). This includes: The network can imitate IP destination forwarding behaviour, because of its masking potential in the match instructions. Downloaded 4/15/2022 9:44:49 AM Nova Southeastern University IP Address: 137.52.76.29 Introduction to OpenFlow Figure 3. Structure of wire protocol of OpenFlow Match Ingress Ethernet TCP/UDP Fields Priority Proto Classifier Action Statistics Table Of 1.0 Style Classifier Action Statistics Physical Port Actions CONTROLLER Mandatory Actions Forward Virtual Port LOCAL TABLE IN_PORT Forward Virtual Port NORMAL Optional Action Flood Enqueue Modify Field At present, there is no standardized identical to the packet matching strengths of OpenFlow, which makes it very strong alternative for Policy Based Routing or o