May 1990. 10. Synchronous Frame Structures Used at Primary and Secondary Hierarchical Levels, CCITT Rec. G.704, Fascicle III.4, IXth Plenary Assembly, Melbourne, 1988. 11. Information Processing Systems-Open Systems Interconnection, Abstract Syntax Notation One (ANS.1), ISO Std. 8824, Geneva, 1987. 12. BOC Notes on the LEC Networks-1994, Issue 2, Bellcore, Piscataway, NJ, April 1994. 13. G. Held, Network Management, Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1992. 14. Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet Standard Management Framework, SNMPv.3, RFC 3410, IETF editor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Dec. 2002. 15. Version.2 of the Protocol Operations for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), STD 62, RFC 3416, IETF editor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Dec. 2002. 16. CMIP/CMIS-Object Oriented Network Management, from the world wide web www.cellsoft.. de/telecom/CMIP.htn Sept. 1, 2003. 17. Structure of Management Information-Management Information Model, CCITT Rec. X.720, ITU Geneva, Jan. 1992. 18. Generic Network Information Model, ITU-T Rec. M.3100, ITU Geneva, July 1995 (with 5 amendments). 19. Telecommunication Management Functions, ITU-T Rec. N.3400, ITU Geneva, Feb. 2000. 20. Principles of a Telecommunication Management Network, ITU-T Rec. M.3010, ITU Geneva, Feb. 2000. 21. Management Framework for Open System Interconnection (OSI) for CCITT Applications, CCITT Rec. X.700, ITU Geneva, 1992. 22. TMN Interface Specifications Methodology, ITU-T Rec. M.3020, ITU Geneva, 2000. 23. Information Technology-Open Distributed Management Architecture, ITU-T Rec. X.703, ITU Geneva, 1997. APPENDIX REVIEW OF FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY WITH TELECOMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS A.1 OBJECTIVE For a better understanding of this text, a certain basic knowledge of electricity is essen- tial. The objective of the appendix is to cover only the necessary principles of electricity. Each principle is illustrated with one or several applications. Only minimal ac (alternating current) theory is presented. Where possible, these applications favor electrical