s in www.TechnicalPDF.com war zones. Mesh networks are also referred to as multipoint-to-multipoint networks. microwave wireless services Wireless services with short wavelengths operating in the frequency range of about the 890MHz to 60GHz bands. It is a fixed point-to-point wireless technology used to connect two points. Line of sight is required between microwave towers. For example, if there is a tree blocking the view between the towers, the service is inoperable. middleware Software used to translate between disparate systems. It translates between the hardware (set-top devices) and network protocols and the applications in satellite TV and cable TV networks. Middleware also enables interactive television applications from different developers to work with set-top box hardware from a variety of manufacturers. Thus, applications don't have to be designed differently for each type of device with which they interact. millimeter wireless services Operate at microwave and higher frequencies. Millimeter refers to the very short wavelengths of high-frequency services. Some next-generation, 5G, mobile services are implemented on millimeter airwaves. The wavelength is the distance from the highest or lowest point of one wave to the highest or lowest point of the next wave. MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) antennas MIMO antennas simultaneously transmit multiple streams at different frequencies within a single channel. This improvement is analogous to the increased capacity on a multilane highway VS. a road with a single lane. MIMO antennas are used on 802.11n (Wi-Fi) WLANs, LTE, and WiMAX networks. www.TechnicalPDF.com mobile wireless services Provide mobility over wide areas by using services such as cellular, as in cities, states, countries, and in some instances, internationally. MPLS (Multi-Protocolo Label Switching) Used to increase router speeds and prioritize packets. Short, fixed-length "labels" instruct routers how to route each packet SO that the router does not have to examine the entire header of eac