son/Prentice Hall. Kennedy, G. (1985) Electronic Communication Systems, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, 741. Mazda, F. (2001) Telecommunications Engineer's Reference Book, Second Edition, Focal Press. Murthy, C., Ram, S., and Manoj, B. S. (2004) Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols, Prentice Hall Communications Engineering. Nyquist, A. (1928) Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory, Trans. AIEE, 47:617-644. Stallings, W. (2007) Data and Computer Communications, Eighth Edition, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 878. Stremler, F. (1990) Introduction to Communication Systems, Third Edition, Addison Wesley, 757. 3 Digital Video Transmission John Charles Woods University of Essex The transmission and reception of digital video is a complex problem compounded by the idiosyncrasies of the transmission media and the increased value of bits within the stream as a result of compression. To fully understand the implications of transporting digital images and video, the coding and compression processes underlining them must first be understood. Digital Representation of Video The use of moving images in a computer requires the use of a discrete, digital representa- tion. Subsequent processing inside the digital domain allows a variety of processing tech- niques to be applied. Monochrome Images Monochrome digital video resides in memory as an array of picture elements (pixels) of size A X B X C. Each pixel is quantized to D bits, or 2D brightness levels, SO progressive mono- chrome (black and white) video has a bitrate of ABCD bits/s. The brightness level associated with each pixel is the value that is stored in computer memory and used in subsequent video analysis. The stored data is scanned out to create a moving sequence. Still frames are stored as two-dimensional arrays, ABD; this can be seen in Figure 3.1. Color Images When images are represented in color, two additional arrays are required. For high-quality images such as for studio applications, the three arrays can be represented by the primary colors gather