tions are added. However, the RF bill of materials has stayed more or less constant as a percentage of the overall bill of materials This is due to the addition of additional frequency bands and additional functionality, for instance in the above example, the addition of a mobile TV receiver. Actually, as most of us will have noticed very few phones ever ended up with mobile TV receive functionality, for reasons we explore in Chapter 15. However, additional bands have been added that have introduced at least equivalent amounts of complexity. Additionally, the broadcast community is promoting the development and deployment of ATSC and DVB T services to portable devices in spectrum that is immediately adjacent to the US 700-MHz and European 800-MHz mobile broadband spectrum. This is unsurprising as these bands have been created from the switchover from analogue to digital TV. One issue therefore is to consider the behaviour of user equipment front ends when handling a broadcast receive path and mobile broadband transceiver functionality. The broadcast receive path is relatively wideband and therefore vulnerable to interference from any transmit energy produced in the user's device or by other proximate users. The characterisation of this transmit energy is in turn a function of the band plan and spectral masks deployed in the mobile broadband user device. Telecommunications Economies of Scale Impact of Band Allocation on Scale Economics In 2007 there were nine RF duplex spaced cellular frequency bands between 800 MHz and 2.6 GHz specified by 3GPP (the 3G Partnership Project) either presently used by GSM or UMTS and/or are considered suitable for longer-term UMTS implementation. The nine bands are shown in Table 4.2. Five years later in 2012 this had expanded to 25 bands including eight additional TDD bands. These are shown in Table 4.3. Release 9 of the 3GPP specifications define four further bands, three being extensions or variations of the 850 MHz band and the other being around 1500 MHz. Bands 18 and 19 extend 