such as the 5GAA are working to drive the necessary consensus between different stakeholders to ensure homogeneity and interoperability across the ecosystem surrounding the autonomous automobile industry. The 5GAA advocates for a deployment band configuration for the C-V2X industry. The 5GAA believes that a formal agreement is required for the use of specific channels to deploy C-V2X in the 5.9 GHz band. Next, let us look at the CAV architecture. Architecture for cooperative and intelligent transportation The US Department of Transportation (DOT) created the Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transportation (ARC-IT), which facilitates intelligent systems (https: arc-it.net/). Figure 14.9 shows the ARC-IT in terms of the following: An enterprise view A functional view The physical view The communications view This architectural approach facilitates the design and life cycle management of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) such as AVs. It provides a common terminology for architects, design engineers, and 5G and Autonomous Vehicles planners. Further details of the architectural view can be seen at https://www.arc-it.net/ html/architecture/architecture.html Architecture Reference for Cooperative and Intelligent Transportation (ARC-IT) Relationships between Organizations Enterprise View Logical interactions between Functions Functional View Connections between Physical Objects Physical View (((p))) Layered Protocols Facilitating Data Exchange between Physical Objects Communications View Figure 14.9 - ARC-IT view The ARC-IT, in its prior form, was first developed in 1996. It provides guidelines for transportation professionals as they devise new systems, including AVs powered by 5G. The ARC-IT provides four views, as well as service packages, which are used to provide different service applications around connected vehicles. Traffic Signal Control (TSC) is an example of a service package. The service packages are grouped into 12 categories: Commercial Vehicle Operations Data Management Maint