m) Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. First Things First Chapter 1 1979 Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, two grad students at Duke University, and Steve Bellovin, at the University of North Carolina, establish the first USENET newsgroups. Users from all over the world join these discussion groups to talk about the net, politics, religion, and thousands of other subjects. 1980 Mark Andreessen turns 8 years old. In 14 more years he will revolutionize the Web with the creation of Mosaic. 1981 ARPANET has 213 hosts. A new host is added approximately once every 20 days. 1982-1987 The term "Internet" is used for the first time. Bob Kahn and Vinton Cerf are key members of a team that creates TCP/IP, the common language of all Internet computers. For the first time, the loose collection of networks that made up the ARPANET is seen as an "internet," and the Internet as we know it today is born. The mid-1980s marks a boom in the personal computer and superminicomputer industries. The combination of inexpensive desktop machines and powerful, network-ready servers allows many companies to join the Internet for the first time. Corporations begin to use the Internet to communicate with each other and with their customers. 1983 TCP/IP becomes the universal language of the Internet. 1984 William Gibson coins the term "cyberspace" in his novel Neuromancer. The number of Internet hosts exceeds 1,000. 1985 Internet e-mail and newsgroups are now part of life at many universities. 1986 Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, creates the first "Freenet" for the Society for Public Access Computing. 1987 The number of Internet hosts exceeds 10,000. 1988-1990 The Internet Worm is unleashed. The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) is formed to address security concerns raised by the Worm. By 1988, the Internet is an essential tool for communications; however, it also begins to create concerns about privacy and security in the digital w