the device. A roof-mounted antenna has about 12 dBi of directional gain. A built-in broadband TV antenna in a lap top will usually have negative gain, typically -7 dBi and will be looking for a signal severely attenuated by height loss (10 dB), additional building penetration loss (8 dB) and location variation due to standing waves (10 dB), resulting in a received signal up to 47 dB lower than the value planned for fixed outdoor reception. It would be prohibitively expensive to increase flux levels from the existing terrestrial broadcast networks to support acceptably ubiquitous portable TV reception, particularly portable HDTV reception. Cellular base stations, particularly cellular base stations designed to support the 700- and 800-MHz cellular bands could, however, function as relay repeaters and could provide a cost- effective alternative to dedicated TV repeaters. Cellular handsets or at least some cellular handsets and mobile broadband devices including lap tops with embedded LTE modems or dongles will have 700- and 800-MHz LTE transceiver functionality. It is therefore not inconceivable to increase LTE 700- and 800-MHz receiver bandwidth to accommodate DVB T transmissions. Operators might question the point of including DVB reception in mobile broadband devices particularly given that many of the services are available free to air. This, however, ignores the indirect revenue gain that is potentially achievable from coupling free to air TV reception with two-way mobile broadband and is pragmatically probably the only way in which cellular operators will ever achieve a return from 700- and 800-MHz cellular infrastructure and spectral investment. The ability to receive broadcast TV off air would reduce traffic load on LTE data net- works delivering a capacity gain. Hill-top TV transmitters could also be used to provide extended cellular coverage. An upper limit cell radius of 100 km is included in the LTE specification. 16 http://www.sony.co.uk/product/vn-z-series, Terrestrial Broadcast/Cellular Network Integ