adband telecommunications technologies and management. Foremost I am indebted to many educa- tors and professors, especially Professor Masao Nakagawa of Keio University, my PhD super- visor, and Professor Derek Abell, formerly of IMD, my MBA mentor. Both have been great sources of inspiration, guiding me on the topics of technology and management. I am also indebted to Professor Ramayya Krishnan, Dean of Heinz College, Carnegie Mellon University for his pioneering of the Telecommunications Management course. Throughout my career I have also learned much from many colleagues at Telstra, Ericsson, Genista, IPMobile, and Sydney, Keio and Carnegie Mellon Universities. Among these I am particularly grateful to Dr Terrence Percival, Dr Jun Du, Alex Fassel, Kambiz Homayounfar and Hiroshi Takeuchi. I have been greatly helped by many graduate students and friends in the preparation of this book. Many have assisted with researching and preparing case studies, including Bing Huan Chua, Corey Sattler, Daniel Miller, Isaac White, Manoj Ravi and Murali Ravi. Edgar Anzaldua Moreno designed the cover page and the layout for the e-book version. Chris Rowlinson, Georgina Hafteh, Phil Allan, Sonali Tharwani and Steve Schmid read drafts and made helpful suggestions. I am thankful for all your help. I am also thankful to the staff at John Wiley & Sons, Ltd including Mark Hammond, Sandra Grayson, Teresa Netzler, Shiji Sreejish and Wendy Harvey, for their help throughout this project. Most of all I am grateful to my wife and three sons who have patiently endured my preoccupation with this work while at home. To them I dedicate this book. Broadband Telecommunications Technologies and Management, First Edition. Riaz Esmailzadeh. © 2016 Riaz Esmailzadeh. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/BTTM Case Study Index American Telegraph and Telephone Company, Google maps, 278-279 70-72, 80 GSM vs. CDMA, 94-95 AT&T see American Telegraph and Telephone Company IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) standard, 251-252 Australi