nd their application to radio guidance paid dividends when Lloyd Higginbotham at WADC became interested in getting high-speed, long-period generators for the ARC-50 sys- tem which was emerging from the Hush-Up study at Sylvania Buffalo. At Sylvania, Hush-Up had strated out under the premise of radio silence, and was aimed for an application to the then-new air-to-air refueling capability developed by the Strategic Air Command (SAC). After a demonstration of the wired system at Sylvania, a SAC representative made the "obvious" state- ment, "When you are in radar range, who needs radio silence?" From that time onward, the design was based on AJ considerations. The AJ push resulted in NSA being brought into the program for their coding expertise. However, because of their nature, NSA passed technical judgment rather than providing any concrete guidance. The NSA view was that the SS codes had to be cryptographically secure to guarantee AJ capa- bility, and Lincoln Laboratory had established that the proposed ARC-50 SS PN code was easily breakable. On this point, ALloyd Higginbotham says, "At that time we felt we were being treated unfairly because the system was still better than anything else then in existence." Early Spread-Spectrum Systems By March 1958 Magnavox had parlayed their knowledge of high-speed PN generators into a development contract for the ARC-50 system, won in competition with Sylvania. Magnavox Research Laboratories operated out of a garage on Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica in those early days, with Jack Slattery as general manager and Ragnar Thorensen as technical director. From their few dozen employees, a team was organized to design the code generators and modem, while RF equipment was built at Magnavox's Fort Wayne facility. Shortly thereafter, Magnavox Research Laboratories moved to Torrance, CA, into a new facility sometimes referred to as "the house the ARC-50 built." Harry Posthumus came from Fort Wayne as program man- ager and teamed with system designers Tom Levesque, Bob Grady, and Gene