cell users that are in the area covered by micro cells. We also need to plot figures de- picting the position of bad quality calls, in order to see how they are distributed in the network. In addition, noise rise should be measured at every BS and from that data, a probability density function should be generated [5]. 5.5.1.5 Simulated Services The following services were considered: speech 8 kbps data 144 kbps Speech and data services were simulated in separate simulations, i.e. no traffic mix was simulated. 5.5.2 Description of the propagation models Two propagation environments were considered in the ACIR analysis, i.e. macro- cellular and micro-cellular. For each environment a propagation model was used to evaluate the propagation path loss due to the distance. As noted earlier, these propaga- tion models are described in Chapter 2 and are also briefly presented in the forthcoming sections. 5.5.2.1 Received Signal Before describing the propagation environments, a key parameter to be defined is the Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL), i.e. the minimum distance loss including antenna gain measured between antenna connectors. This represents the minimum loss in signal due to fact that the BSs are always placed much higher than the UE(s). The following values are assumed in our example for MCL: 70 dB for the macro-cellular environment 53 dB for the micro-cellular environment With the above definition, the received power in DL or UL can be expressed for the macro environment as: PWR = TX_PWR - Max (pathloss_macro - G_Tx - G_RX, MCL) (5.4) and for the micro environment as: RX_PWR = TX PWR - Max(pathloss_micro - G_Tx - G_RX, (5.5) where RX_PWR is the received signal power TX_PWR is the transmitted signal power G_Tx is the Tx antenna gain The UTRA Transmission System G_RX is the Rx antenna gain For the set of simulations in this section we have assumed 11 dB antenna gain (includ- ing cable losses) in base station and 0 dB in UE [5]. In Chapter 7 we use other assump- tions. 5.5.2.2 Macro Cell Propagation Model The macro cell 