BER performance for the PD-NOMA downlink system under the Rayleigh fading channel and shows that it gives a good performance. We calculated the data rate for all NOMA users at each iteration as shown in Figure 5.16. Bit Error Rate of NOMA Users in Rural Areas Far user / NOMA-1 Near user / NOMA-1 Far user / NOMA-2 Near user / NOMA-2 Far user / NOMA-3 Near user / NOMA-3 Eb/No (dB) FIGURE 5.15 BER performance for users configured as NOMA users. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Transmission Data Rate of NOMA Sum Rate of NOMA Average Sum Rate of NOMA iterations FIGURE 5.16 Data rate of NOMA users in rural areas. 5.5 CONCLUSION Practical NOMA transmission is investigated using a variety of approaches. First, we constructed PD-NOMA using AWGN and Rayleigh channels, and then we used ZF to decode the data. Then we developed CD-NOMA, decoding using SCMA and extracting data from users with MPA. Finally, we implemented a realistic trans- mission scenario in which users were randomly assigned to cells and a downlink network with a single base station servicing a group of users was employed. The system demonstrates that not all possible NOMA users are regarded as NOMA users. Additionally, we created a downlink PD-NOMA for NOMA users and displayed the BER performance as well as the sum rate of NOMA users. REFERENCES 1. Dai, L., Wang, B., Ding, Z., Wang, Z., Chen S., and Hanzo, L. "A survey of non- orthogonal multiple access for 5G," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 2294-2323, third quarter. 2018. 2. Benjebbovu, A., Li, A., Saito, Y., Kishiyama, Y., Harada, A., and Nakamura, T. "System-level performance of downlink NOMA for future LTE enhancements," 2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), Atlanta, GA, 2-13, pp. 66-70, 2013. 5G Wireless Communication System in Healthcare Informatics 3. Saito, Y., Kishiyama, Y., Benjebbour, A., Nakamura, T. Li, A., and Higuchi, K. "Non- orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for cellular future radio access," 2013 IEEE 77th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Dresd