l processing A sequence of operations performed by a switching system from the accep- tance of an incoming call through the final disposition of the call. campus network A network that connects LANs from multiple departments in a single building or campus. Campus networks are LANs; although they may span several miles, they do not include WAN services. CAP (Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation) A single-carrier modulation scheme used in early deployments of ADSL. carrier frequency The frequency of the carrier wave that is modulated to transmit signals. carrier system A means of obtaining a number of channels over a single path by modulating each channel on a different carrier frequency and demodulating at the receiving point to restore the signals to their original frequency. Cat 1 (Category 1) UTP An EIA/TIA 568 standard for commercial building telecommuni- cations wiring. This old-style UTP telephone cable is unsuitable for data transmission. Cat 2 (Category 2) UTP An EIA/TIA 568 standard of cable that can be used for data rates up to 4Mbps. Cat 3 (Category 3) UTP An EIA/TIA 568 standard of cable that can be used for data rates up to 10Mbps. This is the minimum cable requirement for 10BASE-T. Cat 4 (Category 4) UTP An EIA/TIA 568 standard of cable that can be used as the lowest- grade UTP, acceptable for data rates up to 16Mbps (token ring). Cat 5 (Category 5) UTP An EIA/TIA 568 standard of cable that can be used for data rates up to 100Mbps. Cat 5e (Category 5e) UTP An EIA/TIA 568 standard of cable that provides performance of up to 125MHz and is frequently used for 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet. Cat 6 (Category 6) UTP An EIA/TIA 568 standard of cable that provides performance of up to 400MHz, more than double that of Category 5 and 5e, and is used for 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet) connections. Cat 7 (Category 7) UTP An emerging category of cable that is expected to operate up to 600MHz and will use STP or ScTP. CATV (community antenna television) Signals that can be received at a selec