intra network, such as IEEE 802.3 Fast/Gigabit Ethernet or IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN, or the participant's terminal does not support RSVP-TE signaling, the end- to-end connection cannot be established; instead, per-class-type packet flow should be registered and controlled by the connection management function of the ingress provider edge (PE) node with CAC [4]. The customer net- work management (CNM) system may support the procedure of per-class-type packet flow registration [10]. In the following Section 15.3.3 and Section 15.3.4, we explain the packet flow management in contention-based intranet for QoS- guaranteed multimedia service provisioning. Figure 15.3 depicts the Q-SIP/SDP message exchanges for QoS-guaranteed session and connection establishment in real-time multimedia service pro- visioning [7,12]. User agent A (the caller) invites user agent B (the callee) through an INVITE request message that is relayed by the SIP proxy server to the destination (callee). When the INIVITE message is created by the caller, the message body includes the information of services that the caller can provide. This information is contained in SDP, which describes the details of media, QoS, bandwidth, and security related attributes. When the callee C 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Q-SIP/SDP for Converged Heterogeneous Wired and Wireless Networks 355 Q-SIP Q-SIP Q-SIP User agent Proxy Proxy Q-SIP User Agent A (caller) server 1 server 2 B (callee) 1. INVITE Dials 2. INVITE 3. 100 Trying 4. INVITE 5. 100 Trying 6. 100 Trying 7. 183 Session progress 9. 183 Session progress 8. 183 Session progress QoS-Connection establishmen (using RSVP-TE signaling), RTP socket open 10. PRACK 11. PRACK 12. PRACK 14. 200 OK (PRACK) 13. 200 OK (PRACK) 15. 200 OK (PRACK) 16. UPDATE 17. UPDATE 18. UPDATE 21. 200 OK (UPDATE) 20. 200 OK (UPDATE) 19. 200 OK (UPDATE) 23. 180 Ringing 22. 180 Ringing 24. 180 Ringing 27. 200 OK (INVITE) 26. 200 OK (INVITE) 15. 200 OK (INVITE) 28. ACK 29. ACK 30. ACK Multimedia session with QoS (media stream with RTP