network running a whole range of software and operating systems. Getting a bird's-eye view of the network is instrumental for smooth operation. For example, a dashboard should be able to provide views of the various personas that the MNO might have, starting from a network engineer up to top management. All these personas would need different levels of detail. A network engineer may be interested in a specific critical alarm for a certain type of equipment that they may be assigned to operate, whereas a higher operations manager might want an aggregated view of all the critical alarms, regardless of the technology type. Some teams may be more interested in the correlation of a physical hardware-related alarm to a software KPI-dip alarm. The management team may be interested in getting an overall view of the network performance, throughput, congestion, number of subscribers, and network failures (if any). Hence, the point here is that a good dashboarding practice will enable the MNO to have better visibility of the network SO that they can manage it smoothly and prevent delays in fault detection and correction. We now see the significance of introducing automation in a network: it is not only essential but also critical for running a highly available, resilient, mobile network that is maintainable and has an affordable operating model, which, in turn, would directly reflect customer satisfaction and profitability. Introduction to network orchestration This is the aspect that brings out the flexibility provided by a 5G network. The importance of orchestration cannot be stressed enough. In a network that is trending toward rapid virtualization and cloudification, a network orchestrator becomes all the more necessary. Network orchestration from a high level may look like the following figure: Network Orchestration Engine Supporting Network Network Functions Tools Inventory AI/ML Any Private/Public Cloud or On-Premises Solutions Figure 17.3 - Network orchestration tools Automation, Orchestration, and Testing It contai