lular services that change the way we live. 1Thanks to Steven M. Kemp, Ph.D., a research psychologist (and the coauthor's brother), for these insights about the value of new media, based on Marshall McLuhan's distinction between hot and cool media. Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright© 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. CDMA Now and in the Future Conclusion It is important to make the distinction between fads, which provide short-term rev- enue and introduce items into the consumer market, and changes in the way we live, which last a long time. A fad cannot last long enough to pay off the debt created in deploying a major new technology across an entire cellular network. Cellular service providers will see long-term benefits to net revenue not from fads but from responding to people who integrate wireless communications into our lives in new ways. Before we look to other parts of the world, we should take a look at the status of cel- lular telephony voice services in North America. The major CDMA carriers are moving to cdma2000, as discussed earlier. Some Global System for Mobility (GSM) and time di- vision multiple access (TDMA) carriers are converting to 3G CDMA as well; others are opting for GPRS/EDGE-based systems. However, there is one strong pressure pushing CDMA ahead of TDMA-based technology. The U.S. government is requiring that cellu- lar systems be able to locate customers by geographic location within 100 m and not merely to the nearest cellular sector. This is part of the enhanced 911 (E-911) system that ensures effective emergency response to 911 calls. The CDMA system's locator ser- vice (based on passing the Global Positioning System timing signal from each serving cellular tower to the user terminal and receiving a reply that is then used for precise time-based distance calculation and triangulation) has passed initial approval. This system allows a 