s do, d1, dMsymb-1 is then divided into Msymb/MRUSCH sets, each corresponding to one SC-FDMA symbol. Transform precoding is further applied according to the following expression, resulting in a block of complex-valued symbols (9-46) = 0, ..,Msymb/MPUSCH_1 parameter = MPUSCHNRB PUSCH denotes the bandwidth of the PUSCH in terms of resource blocks, and RB PUSCH =2a23035as NRB where A2, A3, and a5 is a set of non- negative integers. The block of complex-valued symbols zo, Z1, ZMMyymb-1 are multiplied by the amplitude scaling factor BPUSCH in order to conform to the transmit power PPUSCH for the physical uplink shared channel, and sequentially mapped starting with ZO to physical resource blocks that are allocated for transmission of PUSCH. The mapping to resource elements (k,1), which are assigned for data transmission and not used for transmission of reference signals and not reserved for possible synchronization reference signal transmission, is in increasing order of first the index k, then the index l, starting with the first slot in the subframe. If uplink frequency-hopping is disabled, the set of physical resource blocks to be used for transmission is given by NPRB = NVRB where NVRB is obtained from the uplink scheduling grant [107]. The hopping mode is decided by higher layers and deter- mines whether the hopping is inter-subframe or intra- and inter-subframe. The set of physical resource blocks to be used for transmission are determined based on the type of uplink frequency- hopping. The set of physical resource blocks to be used for transmission in slot NS is given by the scheduling grant together with a predefined pattern. 9.15.6 Reference Signals Four types of downlink reference signals are defined: cell-specific reference signals associated with non-MBSFN transmission; MBSFN reference signals associated with MBSFN transmission; UE- specific reference signals (for single-layer and dual-layer transmission); and positioning reference signals. There is one reference signal transmitted per downlink antenna port