hey require either a Wi-Fi network or partnership with a Wi-Fi operator. In an ultra-dense deployment of Wi-Fi and LTE-U small cells, there is a possibility that no clean channel can be found. In such cases, LTE-U can share the channel with the neighbor- ing Wi-Fi or another LTE-U system by using the CSAT algorithm. Typical cochannel coex- istence techniques in unlicensed bands such as LBT and CSMA, used by Wi-Fi systems, are based on the contention-based access. In these techniques, transmitters are expected to sense the medium to ensure that there is no activity prior to transmission. The goal of these algo- rithms is to provide coexistence across different technologies in a time-division multiplex- ing (TDM) manner. LTE-U in unlicensed spectrum uses CSAT scheme that relies on the same concept of TDM coexistence and medium sensing. In CSAT, the small cell senses the medium for longer (than LBT and CSMA) duration (up to 200 ms), and according to the observed medium activities, the algorithm proportionally switches off LTE transmission. In particular, CSAT defines a time cycle where the small cell transmits in a fraction of the cycle and remains off in the remaining duration. The duty cycle of transmission relative to OFF interval is determined by the sensed medium activity of other technologies. The CSAT is conceptually similar to CSMA except that it has longer latency, an impact that is miti- gated by avoiding channels where Wi-Fi APs use for discovery signals and QoS-enforced traffic. The LTE-U, which is deployed on the SCell, is periodically activated and deacti- vated using LTE MAC control elements. The procedures and timeline are chosen to ensure compatibility with legacy LTE UE behavior. During the LTE-U OFF period, the channel is released to neighboring Wi-Fi APs, which can resume normal transmissions. The small cell will measure Wi-Fi medium utilization during the LTE-U OFF period and adaptively adjust Operation in Unlicensed and Shared Spectrum ON/OFF duty cycle. The adaptive cycle can effectively accom