 brings us to the Third Generation of cellular communications, more commonly know as 3G. (3G) as defined by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) specification as providing data bandwidth up to 384 kbps for stationary devices and up to 2 Mbps in fixed applications. Per the specification, 3G services may be delivered over wireless interfaces including but not limited to GSM, TDMA, and CDMA. Additionally, while 3G is generally considered applicable mainly to mobile wireless, it is also relevant to fixed wireless and portable wireless. 3G specifications have been architected to support access from any location on, or over, the earth's surface, including use in homes, businesses, government offices, medical establishments, the military, personal and commercial land vehicles, private and commercial watercraft and marine craft, private and commercial aircraft (except Video Communications: The Whole Picture where passenger use restrictions apply), portable users (pedestrians, hikers, cyclists, campers), and-with a nod to Captain Kirk-even space stations and spacecraft. 3G technologies are seen to hold the promise of keeping people connected at all times and in all places around-or above-the globe. There are numerous competing 3G "standards", but each is required to offer standard minimum capabilities and features, including: Enhanced multimedia (voice, data, video, and remote control) Multi-modality (telephony, e-mail, SMS, videoconferencing, apps, browsing) Broad bandwidth and high speed (upwards of 2 Mbps) Routing flexibility (repeater, satellite, LAN) Global roaming capability throughout Europe, Asia, and America. It is germane to note that both initial 3G cellular networks and earlier 2.5G cellular networks are mainly circuit-switched, with connections always dependent on circuit availability. This is in contrast to newer 3G technologies that rely on Packet- Switching technologies. One of the benefits of packet-switching connections using the Internet Protocol (IP) is the concept of a constant virtual con