ing fre- quency need to be compensated by some means such as larger antenna array sizes with higher array gains and MIMO schemes to ensure sufficient and robust links. Due to large variation of propagation characteristics in bands above 6 GHz, the propagation characteris- tics of different frequency bands were independently investigated. The combined effects of all contributors to propagation loss can be expressed via the path loss exponent. In UMi test environment, the LoS path loss in the bands of interest appears to closely follow the free- space path loss model. In lower bands, a higher path loss exponent was observed in NLoS scenarios. The shadow fading in the measurements appears to be similar to lower frequency bands, while ray-tracing results show a much higher shadow fading ( > 10 dB) than mea- surements, due to the larger dynamic range allowed in some ray-tracing experiments. In sub-6 GHz NLoS scenarios, the root mean square (RMS) delay spread is typically modeled in the range of 50-500 ns, the RMS azimuth angle spread of departure (from the access point) at around 10-30 degrees, and the RMS azimuth angle spread of arrival (at the UE) at around 50-80 degrees [7,8]. There are measurements of the delay spread above 6 GHz which indicate somewhat smaller ranges as the frequency increases, and some measure- ments show the millimeter wave omnidirectional channel to be highly directional in nature. A modified Bessel function of the first kind is a function ((x) which is one of the solutions to the modified Bessel differential equation and is closely related to the Bessel function of the first kind Jn(x). The modified Bessel function of the first kind In(z) can be defined by the contour integral In(z) = Sez/2(1+1)/th-1-1 dt where the contour encloses the origin and is traversed in a counterclockwise direction. In terms of Jn(x), New Radio Access Physical Layer Aspects (Part 1) 291 In UMa test environments, the behavior of LoS path loss is similar to free-space path loss and the NLoS path loss behavior appears n