arketing the product, deploying M2M solutions and providing services to the clients. 9.12.4.4 M2M Applications The key sector in terms of uptake SO far has been transport and telematics, where M2M is mainly deployed for vehicle tracking and monitoring. According to IDATE, the worldwide M2M market will increase from its present (2009) size of EUR 12.2 billion to more than EUR 29.4 billion by 2013 for an impressive annual growth rate of nearly 25%. Additional potential applications are mobile point-of-sales terminals or vending and gaming machines, which could send alerts if equipment was faulty to save regular, unnecessary visits from service engineers. M2M could be used to monitor and control building temperature, lighting levels and security. It can be used in flood control systems. A pictorial view of M2M application is shown in Figure 9.31. Figure 9.31 IMS, Services and Applications M2M Applications Embedded Asset tracking Industrial/Home Applications Remote Metering Capiliary Security Connectivity WAN/LAN Connectivity location Service ZigBee Integration WiMax Vehicle security Applications management fleets Billboards & Street fittings Inventory Management notification Object Monitoring Environment Vending machines 11110 Research & Development Figure 9.31 M2M applications. Reproduced from Privat © 2006 Grenoble [47] shows the whole nine yards of areas of M2M applications connecting via multiple access technologies (DSL, WPAN, WLAN, WMAN, WWAN). 9.12.4.5 Challenges and Solutions Network and devices used should ensure availability, reliability and cost effectiveness. Networks should be structured for optimized M2M communication. That is devices should be able to communicate over short distances using less power, or over long distances using bridges with power supply. Another major challenge to M2M is the absence of standardization. Protocols like BiTXml and M2MXML are there, but problems still remain to be solved if M2M has to be deployed on a larger scale. Data Security is another important consideration while 