-4 with WiMedia, 669-670 UNI (User-to-Network Interface) UWC (Universal Wireless Communications), 567, IP+optical control plane with, 487 in overlay networks, 474-475 overlay networks using, 477 Unicast V-Cast (Verizon Wireless), 707 IPv6, 275 VAD (voice activity detection), 228 next-generation requirements, 411 Valerie (domestic android), lii overview of, 269 Value-added network (VAN) provider, 105 Unicode, 161 VAN (value-added network) provider, 105 United Nations (UN), IPT regulations, 317 Variable Bit Rate-Best-Effort, WiMax, 622 Universal frequency reuse, 568 Variable Bit Rate-Non-Real-Time, WiMax, 622 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Variable bit rate (VBR), 438 (UMTS), 601-602, 605 Variable-Spreading-Factor Orthogonal Frequency Universal product code (UPC) barcode, 675 Code Division Multiplexing (VSF-OFCDM), Universal Serial Bus (USB), 543 613-614 Universal Wireless Communications (UWC), 567, VBR (variable bit rate), 438 VDSL (Very-High-Bit-Rate DSL), 50, 508-509 UNIX operating system, 90 Vector Sum Excited Linear Prediction (VSELP), Unlicensed band CR, 692 Unsolicited Grant Service-Real-Time, WiMax, 622 VeriSign, 380 Unspecified bit rate (UBR), 439 Verizon Wireless (V-Cast), 707 UPC (universal product code) barcodes, 675 Very-High-Bit-Rate DSL (VDSL), 50, 508-509 USB (Universal Serial Bus), 543 Very-small-aperture terminals (VSATs), 65, 67-69 User agents VF (Virtual Fiber), 529, 636-638 client (UAC), 336 VFIs (virtual forwarding instances), 363-364 server (UAS), 336 Video. See also Digital video SIP, 334, 336 compression formats for IPTV, 344 software agents, xlvii for Frame Relay networks, 221 User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 170, 256 mobile, 706-707 User ENUM, 341 phones, 689-690 User interface, LANs, 175 telephony, 706-707 User-to-Network Interface. See UNI (User-to- through IP PBXs, 322 Network Interface) traffic, xxxvii UTP, twisted-pair, 45 Video-on-demand. See VOD (video-on-demand) UTRA (UMTS Universal Terrestrial Radio) stan- Videoconferencing, 502 dard, 601 Videogames, brain-controlled, xl