 Future Networks way that certain demarcation points in certain cases should be implemented (e.g. at the Internet Protocol eXchanges (IPXs)). The second model for NGN performance measurements is the site-to-site model, in which the service is assured between the customer premises edge nodes. In this case the ingress and egress segments for the performance measurements may include access links toward the customers, such as xDSL, PON, cable networks, Ethernet, WiFi, mobile access network (e.g. 4G, 5G), etc. In the third model, TE-to-TE, the NGN performance characteristics are the aggregate of performance characteristics of all network segments between the two terminals (the terminals can be used by humans or by machines). This approach may cover perfor- mance measurements for all different services, including legacy voice and TV services, smart services (smart cars, smart homes, etc.), services for corporations (i.e. business services), as well as a variety of terminals. The MPM system is logically separated from the service and transport stratums in NGN. As one may expect, it is connected to both such NGN stratums, as well as to end-user functions and to MPM systems in other NGNs. MPM functional architecture consists of three functional entities: Performance measurement execution functional entity (PME-FE). It performs functionalities of active probe initiations (i.e. measurements initiation), active probe termination, and passive measurements (i.e. measurements on ongoing data and signaling traffic, without generation of any additional probing traffic in the network). Performance measurement processing functional entity (PMP-FE). It collects all mea- surement reports generated by the PME-FEs. Performance measurement reporting functional entity (PMR-FE). It is positioned highest in the hierarchy of MPM, SO collects the measurement information from PMP-FE and reports it to MPM applications or to other MPMs in other NGNs. Overall, implementation of MPM in NGN aims to provide the desired level of QoS support, per flo