, and accessible to all consumers, as well as to preserve and promote the open and interconnected nature of the public Internet network. The policy statement reflected the views of the FCC commissioners at that time, without adoption of specific rules or enforcement mechanisms. Further, the FCC issued an open Internet ruling in December 2010 [13], which includes the following open Internet rules targeted to preserve free and open Internet: Transparency. Fixed and mobile broadband providers must disclose the network management practices, performance characteristics, and terms and conditions of their broadband services. No blocking. Fixed and mobile broadband providers may not block lawful content, applications, services, or block certain applications (e.g. OTT voice and messaging) that compete with their own services (e.g. fixed or mobile telephony, video services). No unreasonable discrimination. Fixed broadband providers may not (unreasonably) discriminate transmission of lawful Internet traffic over the broadband Internet access service. Such ruling (in 2010) was challenged in U.S. courts, although it imposed fewer restric- tions on mobile broadband Internet access than on fixed broadband access. The increase of mobile broadband in the 2010s with the deployment of LTE (long term evolution) has influenced the FCC's open Internet ruling with a new open Internet order in 2015 [14]. The main idea was to prevent the threats to open Internet by broadband providers which have tools to deceive consumers, degrade content, or disfavor the content they do not like. While in Europe at the same time (2015) network neutrality regulation which introduced specialized services was proposed, in the U.S. such (specialized) services are 8.6 Network Neutrality Approaches defined by what they are not, that is, broadband internet access services (BIASs). In the FCC open Internet order of 2015 [14] BIAS is defined as "a mass-market retail service by wire or radio that provides the capability to transmit data to and receive data from a