eroperability and, 29 overview of, 406-408 G.SHDSL, 501-503 DVB-H (DVB-Handheld) HDSL, 49, 499-500, 501-502 competing with DMB, 635 how it works, 493-494 for mobile TV, 709-710 IDSL, 214 overview of, 402-403 next-generation digital loop carriers and, DVB-MHP (DVB-Multimedia Home Platform), 471-472 407-408, overview of, 48-49, 493 DVB-T (DVB-Terrestrial) PSTN access lines, 108 VS. ATSC, 406 RADSL, 50, 507-508 defined, 407 SDSL, 50, 500-501 DVB-H based on, 709-710 SHDSL, 50, 501-502 as fixed reception standard, 402 VDSL, 50, 508 using COFDM, 573 VDSL2, 508-509 using OFDM, 572 Index DVR (digital video recording), 392 EDTV, 404-405 DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex- Education, and broadband, 388 ing), 99 EFM (Ethernet First Mile), 479, 482 applications of, 459 EHF (extremely high frequency), satellites, 71-72 developments and considerations, 459 EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Proto- improving optical infrastructures, 452 col), 274 in intelligent optical networks, 455 EIR (equipment identity register), 587 Internet increasingly relying on, 291 EIR (excess information rate), 483 interoperability standards for, 462 Elastic applications, 31 minimizing latency with, 99 ELECs (Ethernet local exchange carriers), 106 overview of, 32-33 Electric power utilities, and fiber optics, 78 packet-switched networks using, 217 Electromagnetic field, 551 place in network architecture, 460-461 Electromagnetic interference (EMI), and twisted- Dynamic alternative routing, 210-211 pair, 45 Dynamic NAT, 275 Electromagnetic spectrum, 11-12 Dynamic routers, 87 Electronic commerce (e-commerce), xxxviii, Dynamic routing table, 197 246-247 Dynamic WEP, 647 Electronic common control switch, 90-91 Electronic Number Mapping Standard. See ENUM (Electronic Number Mapping Standard) E-carrier system Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), 682 backbone for WANs, 206-211 Electronic tandem networking, 109 overview of, 15-16 Electronics and Telecommunications Research signal hierarchy in, 122-123 Institute (ETRI), 626 standards, 115