256 U.S. 566 (1921), 234n2 Yee V. City of Escondido, 503 U.S. 519 (1992), Western Union Telegraph Co. V. Pennsylvania 218-220, 221n19 Railroad, 195 U.S. 540 (1904), 396n40 Younger V. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971), 303n65 White Motor Co. V. United States, 372 U.S. 253 (1963), 375n7, 379n11 Z-Tel Communications, Inc. V. SBC Communications, White V. Western Union Telegraph Co., 33 I.C.C. 500 Inc., 331 F. Supp. 2d 513 (E.D. Tex. 2004), 314n97 (1915), 234n3 Zwickler V. Koota, 389 U.S. 241 (1967), 302n62 NEWNES GUIDE TO Radio and Communications Technology MODELED COMMUNICATIONS RECOME IAN POOLE Newnes Newnes Guide to Radio and Communications Technology Newnes Guide to Radio and Communications Technology Ian Poole Newnes AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Newnes An imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 2003 Copyright © 2003, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd. 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder's written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax: (+44) (0) 1865 853333; e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting 'Customer Support' and then Obtaining Permissions'. British Library Cataloguing in Publi