cy. The proxy server thus collects the incoming response and stores it for future requests from other clients. The client can use the proxy server only if it is config- ured to access the proxy. The HTTP connection can be a persistent or nonpersistent connection. Let us discuss the difference between these connections and the HTTP version that sup- ports the specific connection. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS Persistent connection: This connection is terminated on the basis of a client request or if a timeout has been reached. So here the connection remains open for more requests after the server sends the response. The server sends the data requests with each response. In cases where the data is created dynamically, the server does not know the data length. To handle this scenario, the server closes the connection after sending the data facilitating the client to under- stand that the end of the data has been reached. Persistent connection is the default in HTTP version 1.1. Nonpersistent connection: In this connection, the server closes the connec- tion after sending the response to the client, the data is read until the client encounters the end-of-file marker. A single TCP connection is opened for each request or response in the nonpersistent connection. So a TCP connec- tion is opened by the client when a request is to be sent. The nonpersistent connection is supported in HTTP version 1.0. These connections impose high overhead on the server and needs a slow start procedure each time the connection is opened. 28.3 Web Client and Server The browser is a generic Web client application used to retrieve, present, and tra- verse information on the World Wide Web, private information hosted on a Web server, or data resources in file servers. A browser has three parts: the controllers, client programs, and interpreters. The inputs from the keyboard/mouse are received by the controller. The documents are accessed through client programs and the documents are displayed on the screen using interpreters. Some of 