D and low latency Figure 1.11 New application areas for LTE radio mobile connections globally during 2016 but a lot more connected devices are expected in the future when many objects will have an internet connection - that is called Internet of Things (IoT). The LTE M2M optimization is targeting on that application area. The LTE can also be utilized for the public safety networks, like police and firemen. When the public safety applications utilize LTE technology, the performance will be far better than in the traditional public safety radios and the communication can even run on top of commercial networks making the solution also more cost efficient. The public safety applications need direct D2D communication. The same D2D functionality can also be utilized for many new proximity services between devices. The LTE broadcast service could eventually replace terrestrial TV by using eMBMS. Other new application areas can be connected cars for traffic safety and for entertainment or backhauling the Wi-Fi access points in the airplanes. The new service capabilities are illustrated in Reference [4]. 1.9 Summary The mobile broadband technology has experienced an impressive evolution during the last 10 years in terms of data usage, data rates and connected smartphones, tablet and computers. The data volumes have increased more than by a factor of 1000x and the data rates have increased by more than a factor of 100x. The further evolution continues in 3GPP and in commercial LTE networks. A number of optimization steps are required to take full benefit of LTE technology capabilities including network optimization and small cells. This book focuses on these topics: 3GPP evolution, LTE small cells and LTE network optimization. References [1] GSA - The Global Mobile Suppliers Association, July 2015. [2] 'LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Optimization', Nokia white paper, 2014. [3] 'LTE for Unlicensed Spectrum', Nokia white paper, 2014. [4] 'LTE-Advanced Evolution in Releases 12 - 14', Nokia white paper, 2015. LTE and LTE Adv