 spectrum to allow implementation of ultra-wide channels in the mmWave spectrum may provide for extreme throughputs (by today's standards), it requires much denser network deployment, therefore substantially increasing operator's Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expen- diture (OPEX). Moreover, extremely dense network deployment may lead to mobility issues and therefore may not be suited to address all the 5G use cases. To mitigate this issue, mobile industry and regulators are exploring new regulatory models to better use spectrum resources in the lower frequencies. Spectrum has traditionally been made available for commercial use in two ways: exclusive license and license-exempt. The former is typically used by various radio services in lower and mid-range frequencies where exclusivity of a license is the main regulatory measure for protection of a licensee against interference from other services in the band (in adja- cent areas) or in adjacent bands (in the same or adjacent areas). Each licensee would then have to comply with a certain emission level outside its spectrum block, outside its license area boundary, or both. In awarding terrestrial mobile licenses, a power flux density (PFD) value, or alternatively a field strength value, has been used in the past few decades to curb interference to other licensees at the boundary of a given license area, or at international borders. While this method has many advantages and has led to proliferation of cellular technol- ogy all over the world, it could, in some cases, result in spectrum underutilization. The latter method is best suited for Wi-Fi access. However, user experience in license-exempt bands generally degrades with increased presence of other users. Therefore, license-exempt services cannot provide guarantees for any level of Quality of Service (QoS) to users and are limited to Best Effort (BE) methods. 2.4.1 New Ways of Sharing Spectrum An approach, which may help resolve the spectrum crunch in the lower to mid-range fre- quencies, is throug