oduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Internet Protocol (continued) technologies, 282-83 header, 309-11 token ring, 282, 283 IPv6, 311-13 virtual (VLANs), 300-301 mobile, 314-15 wireless (WLANs), 49 packets, 309, 314 Location areas (LAs), 219 routing, 318-19 Location update, 219-21 subnetworks, 308-9 illustrated, 220 tunneling, 314 LAs and, 219 Voice over (VoIP), 337-41 operations, 220-21 See also TCP/IP See also GSM Internet service providers (ISPs), 49, 302 Logical channels, 218-19 Intersymbol interference, 145 CCHs, 218-19 Interworking functions (IWF), 215 SACCH, 218 IPv6, 311-13 TCH, 218 addresses, 312-13 See also GSM packet header, 312 specifications, 311 Management information base (MIB), See also Internet Protocol (IP) 64, 65 IS-95 CDMA, 205, 207 Management information tree (MIT), 64 Manchester coding, 154, 155 Japanese digital cellular (JDC), 208 Maxwell's equations, 4 Java, 337 Media gateways (MGWs), 46 Joint Picture Encoding Group (JPEG), 336 Messages, 88-90 Justification, 164 analog, 89 digital, 89-90 Kirchoff's circuit laws, 4 examples of, 90 Layer 3 routing, 245 Message transfer agents (MTAs), 327 Layering, 250-51 Microphone, 22-23 Leased lines, 280-81 Microwave relay systems, 182-83 Line coding, 152-53 defined, 182 illustrated example, 153 frequencies, 182-83 purpose, 152 transmission illustration, 182 uses, 152 Mobile communications, 189-235 Line-of-sight propagation, 141 analog cellular systems, 203 Link Control Protocol (LCP), 306 Bluetooth, 211-12 Local access networks, 41-45 cellular networks, 192-97 defined, 41 cordless telephones, 197-98 digital local exchange site and, 44 radio paging, 202-3 distribution frames, 43-45 satellite systems, 209-10 illustrated example, 41 second generation cellular systems, local exchange, 42-43 203-8 subscriber connections, 41-42 systems, 197-212 Local area networks (LANs), 281-301 third generation cellular systems, 208-9 defined, 281 WLANs, 210-11 Ethernet, 282, 283, 284, 292-300 Mobile satellite systems, 209-10 FDDI, 283 Mobile stations (MSs), 194