ormed at the transmitter based on the average error rate reported by the receiver. In the transmitter, the information data sequence is turbo-encoded with the coding rate of R. The available MCSs are BPSK (R = 1/5), QPSK (R = 1/2), and 16-QAM (R = 1/2, 7/8). As shown in Figure 11.36, in the trials, a 102.4 us transmission time interval (TTI) frame consists of 150 NCP-SC blocks, and each NCP-SC block consists of 480 single-carrier-modulated data symbols and 32 11 Measurements Y (m) Figure 11.35 Example of coverage area of beams and definition of the beam ID. Table 11.10 Major radio link parameters. Center frequency 73.5 GHz System bandwidth 1 GHz Duplex TDD (Downlink 188, Uplink 12 slots) TTI length 102.4 us Access system NCP-SC (Null Cyclic Prefix Single Carrier) Modulation NCP-SC BPSK (R=1/5), QPSK (R=1/2), 16-QAM (R=1/2, 7/8) Antenna configuration (rank-1 is AP: 1Tx/Rx Lens (28 dBi) used in these measurements) UD: 1Tx/Rx Horn (10 dBi) AP feeder configuration 64 (Horizontal: 16, Vertical: 4) AP scan range + 17.5 deg. (Horizontal) + 4.0 deg. (Vertical) null symbols that act as a cyclic extension to facilitate frequency domain equalization at the receiver. On the transmit side, after conversion to baseband in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components using 1.25 GS/s 14-bit digital-to-analog converters, quadrature modulation is performed. The intermediate frequency (IF)-modulated signal is up-converted to a RF signal and amplified by the power amplifier. In the receiver, the down-converted RF signal is first linearly amplified by an automatic gain control amplifier. The I and Q signals from the quadrature detector are converted into a digital format using 1.5 GS/s 8-bit analog-to-digital converters. Sixteen parallel instances of the LTE turbo decoder and encoder, NCP-SC modulation, NCP-SC demodulation, and lower MAC processing are implemented in field-programmable gate arrays. A CPU implements the upper MAC and radio resource control. 11.4 Field Experiments of Millimeter Wave 5G Radio Downlink (188 slots) Uplink (12s