orer-Szymansky (LZR/LZSS), 206 rate/factor, 156, 205, 462, 467 Welch (LZW), 206, 600, 601 sound, see Sound LZ1, LZ2, 206 speech, see Speech LZ77, 200, 206 standards, 161 LZ78, 206 video, 601-4 music, 592 Computable number, 107 non-parameterized, 181, 183 Computation optimality, xix, 127, 131, 138, 151, 154, 179, 183, irreversible/non-reversible, 283, 287, 296 192, 206 quantum, see Quantum parameterized, 181, 183 reversible XV, xix, 283, 288, 296, 297, 304 run-length (RLE), 594, 600 Computational basis, see Basis semantic-dependent, 160 Computationally universal (computer), 290 source (-) theorem, see Theorem Computer/computing, 39, 283, 287, 289, 290, 296 static, 199 Computer science, 39 Index Concatenated (block) codes, see Code Cyclic Concavity code, see Code entropy, see Entropy redundancy check (CRC) code, 220 function, 443 Conditional Daishoya project, 192 complexity, see Kolmogorov Damping (amplitude/phase), 481 entropy, see Entropy Dasher project, 192 probability, see Probability Conditioning reduces entropy, 77, 78, 81, 85, 87 compression, see Compression Conjugation/conjugate encryption, see Encryption complex, 328 encryption standard, see DES Hermitian, 328, 337, 627 entry device (fast), 192 observable, see Observable Database management, 185 Constraint length (of code), 223 De Broglie, L., xii Consultant business, 38 De Morgan's law, 298, 302 Continued fraction expansion algorithm, see Decimal number, 128 Algorithm Decision (receiver), 226 Continuous variable, 20 Decoder/decoding, 190, 208 Controlled hard-decision, 226 controlled-NOT gate, see CCNOT maximum-likelihood (-), 216, 615, 616 controlled-U gate (CCU), 321, 399 soft-decision, 226 NOT gate, see CNOT Decoherence (quantum), see Quantum phase gate, 387, 646 Decompression, 161 Sign (CSIGN), 376 error, 162 SWAP gate, 320 Decryption, 61, 425, 523, 524 U gate, 319, 322, 401 Deep Crack, 541 Convergent of integer, 409, 648 Degenerate eigenvalue, see Eigenvalue Convolutional codes, see Code Delta distribution, 90 Copenhagen interpretation, 308 Denial-of-