Meanwhile, higher frequency bands (from 24 GHz to 100 GHz) offer very high capa- city but with limited coverage and poor penetration into structures. These extremely high-frequency bands have only small, millimeter-scale wavelengths, and SO are known as nmWave. There is a compromise between these two cases, using middle-frequency bands (between 1-6 GHz), that offers a mix of both coverage and bandwidth. To support the many and varied use cases, 5G re- quires a range of spectrum across lower, middle, and higher bands to deliver the desired coverage in combination with the high throughput. 5G targets new bands of spectrum, both above and below 6 GHz. Currently, there are two primary categories of frequency, known as FR1 and FR2, defined for 5G NR technology: Frequency range 1 (FR1): 410-7125 MHz Frequency range 2 (FR2): 24,250-52,600 MHz Some bands of these frequency ranges cover licensed spectrum as well as unlicensed or even lightly licensed sections of the total spectrum. Lightly licensed includes parts of the spectrum, such as Cit- izens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), that are underutilized and can be allocated dynamically to network operators on demand. In the United States, this auction of 3.5-GHz CBRS spectrum con- cluded in mid-2020, with Verizon and Dish spending the most on spectrum. An earlier U.S. auction of mm Wave bands (37, 39, and 47 GHz) had attracted many successful bid- ders, with Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile taking the lion's share. At the time of writing, the spectrum auction for what is called C-band (3.7-3.98 GHz) has just been announced, with Verizon, AT&T, and T-Mobile spending about 96% of the total auction bids. Other auctions of mid-band spectrum are to follow. Spectrum licensing is a very complex and rapidly evolving landscape. A small number of examples from the recent past in the U.S. market gives a taste of the process. Whatever the market, it is crit- ical for operators to secure a combination of bands to meet both coverage and capacity requirements across their heterogenous deploym