be standardized. The possible measurements should serve the following procedures (at the time of writing, under study by the 3GPP): intra-LTE and inter-RAT handovers; intercell interference coordination; and operation and maintenance. The eNode B measurements are described next. The current description does not explicitly take into account the impact of multiple transmit and receive anten- nas on the measured quantities and measurement procedures (an issue still under discussion at the 3GPP). Most of the eNode B measurements are implementation specific and need not be specified in the standard: DL total Tx (transmit) power: transmitted carrier power measured over the entire cell transmission bandwidth; DL resource block Tx power: transmitted carrier power measured over a resource block; © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Architecture and Protocol Support for RRM DL total Tx power per antenna branch: transmitted carrier power mea- sured over the entire bandwidth per antenna branch; DL resource block Tx power per antenna branch: transmitted carrier power measured over a resource block; DL total resource block usage: ratio of downlink resource blocks used to total available downlink resource blocks (or simply the number of down- link resource blocks used); UL total resource block usage: ratio of uplink resource blocks used to total available uplink resource blocks (or simply the number of uplink resource blocks used); DL resource block activity: ratio of scheduled time of downlink resource block to the measurement period; UL resource block activity: ratio of scheduled time of uplink resource block to the measurement period; DL transport network loss rate: packet loss rate of GTP-U (GPRS tunneling protocol-user plane) packets sent by the access gateway on S1 user plane. The measurement should be done per traffic flow. The eNode B should use the sequence numbers of GTP-U packets to measure the downlink packet loss rate; UL transport network loss rate: packet loss rate of GTP-U packets sent by the eNode B on S1 user