rough channel coding, interleaving, baseband modulation, multi-antenna encoding, precoding, resource and antenna mapping. The choice of an appropriate modulation and coding scheme, as well as multi-antenna transmission mode, is critical to achieve the desired reliability and system throughput in mobile wireless data communications. Typical mobile radio channels tend to be dispersive and time-variant and exhibit severe Doppler effects, multipath delay variation, intra-cell and inter-cell interference, and fading. A good and robust design of the physical layer ensures that the system can normally operate and overcome the above deleterious effects, and can provide the maximum throughput and lowest latency under various operating conditions. The chapters on the physical layer in this book are dedicated to the systematic design of physical layer protocols and functional blocks of 4th generation cellular systems, the theoretical background on physical layer procedures, and performance evaluation of the physical layer components. The theoretical background is provided to make the book self-contained, and to ensure that the reader understands the basic theory behind the operation of various functional blocks and procedures. Additional references are provided for further study. While the focus is mainly on the techniques that were incorporated in the design of the IEEE 802.16m physical layer, the author has attempted to take a more generic and systematic approach to the design of the 4th generation cellular system physical layer, SO that the reader can understand and apply the learning to the design and implementation of any OFDM- based physical layer component, irrespective of the radio access technology. The physical layer processes both control- and data-plane signals; however, due to different design requirements and reliability and performance criteria, the procedures tend to be different. In the areas where the baseline standard has been extended or modified, comparison with the legacy system has been provided to sh