nal and off-diagonal). Matrix O is a zero matrix. Matrix D corresponds to the extended part of the base graph. The first rows of matrix D have a quasi-row orthogonality. The last rows of matrix D have a row orthogonality. Matrix I corresponds to the extended part of the base graph and is an identity matrix. As mentioned earlier, in 5G LDPC design, two base graphs are introduced such that the code provides good performance at a broader range of block sizes and code rates, and also improves the latency and performance for lower block sizes and code rates. The base graph #1 can support a maximum code block size of 8448 bits and code rates from 8/9 to 1/3 without any puncturing and repetition, while base graph #2 can support a maximum code block size of 3840 bits and code rates 2/3 to 1/5 without any puncturing and repetition. Eight shift coefficient designs per base graph are defined in 5G LDPC codes, and each shift coefficient design includes a set of lifting values as in Table 6.17. The lifting values of each shift coefficient design can be changed such that different code block sizes are supported with 5G LDPC codes. In LTE turbo, the same code is applied across all the block sizes and code rates. How- ever, that principle is changed in 5G due to the use of two base graphs. The use of the base graphs is defined on the basis of the transport block size and target code rate indi- cated in the modulation and coding scheme (MCS). The base graph #2 is used when the transport block size (TBS) <292 for all rates, or TBS <3824 and Rate <2/3, or Rate <1/3. LDPC BG #1 is used otherwise (illustrated in Figure 6.48). 6.13.1.2 5G LDPC Coding Chain The basic channel coding chain in 5G is illustrated in an earlier section with Figure 6.18. Here, we provide a summary of the design details used in each block of the coding chain. Table 6.17 Sets of LDPC lifting size. Set number Set of lifting sizes (Z) {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256} {3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 384} {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320} {7, 14, 28, 56, 112, 224} {9, 18, 3