oach, 128-129 unbundled network element, 29 detariffing, 129-130 vertical integration of, 174-175. See also telephone price caps, 129 network TDMA. See Time Division Multiple Access telephone network telecommunication equipment, defining, 123n4 geographical buildout of, 392-393 telecommunication industry, retail access to, 32 as natural monopoly, 120. See also telephone telecommunication networks network, regulation of local antitrust issues, 35 telephone network, regulation of local blocked calls, 95-100 market-based pricing, 277-281 capacity usage in, 77 physical collocation, 277-280 demand for services, 78-79 virtual collocation, 280-281 differentiation of products and platform access in, wireless interconnection, 281 history of regulation of local telephony, 233-241 distribution stage of, 168 competition in complementary services, economies of scale in, 65-66 234-237 geographic between of links, 23, 23f competition in local telephony, 237-238 as interconnected, 33 competitive access providers, 237-238 load in, 55 legislation, 233-234 measurement of services in, 50 Telecommunications Act of 1996, 238-241 output/input in, 55, 56f rationales for regulating, 241-254 pole attachments, 197-198, 208 managed competition, 248-254 quality of service in, 51 natural monopoly, 241-244 single-output network, 55-58 network economic effects, 244-246 sortation stage of, 168 vertical exclusion, 246-248 standardization of products and platform access in, types of access, 254-277 327-328 interconnection access, 260-268, sunk costs in, 203-205 platform access, 268-272, 276 tariffing requirements, 252 regulatory arbitrage, 276-277 traffic identification by origin-destination pairs, 51 retail access, 255-257, 276 Index unbundled access, 272-277 affect on scope of antitrust law, 312-314 wholesale access, 257-260, 276 on antitrust court-regulatory agency authority, TELRIC. See total element long-run incremental cost 311-312 Telser, Lester G., 147 future affect of, 314-315 territorial exclusivity, 147, 408 trucking industry, 15 thin c