ls. Network convergence is tied to service convergence because services that are easy to use quickly become popular and help to increase an operator's revenues. At its simplest, network convergence implies consolidation of the network to provide different user services via several access types with telecom-grade QoS with emphasis on operator differentiation and cost efficiency. Network convergence involves a unified core network with multiple access networks that complement each other, and common Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem Requirements (Standard based approach, Converged OAM&P, etc) Fixed-Mobile Convergence Service Convergence Network Convergence Device Convergence (Mobile TV, VolP, etc) (UMA, IMS, Femtocells, etc) (multimode, High capacity, etc) Figure 11.13 FMC conceptual view multi-access aware service delivery platforms. Services such as VoIP, and enabling machinery such as IMS, in building solutions like femtocells, will be at the forefront of driving network convergence. This will enable operators in all segments of communications to attain cost efficiencies and launch new compelling services that span multiple physical access networks [16]. Both Network Convergence and Service Convergence are then married to Device Convergence. Multimode devices that can seamlessly move between different networks are mandatory to enable FMC. All three components are interlinked and an absence of even one will jeopardize the FMC process. Thus, we see the following to be the minimum set of requirements to achieve FMC: Multimode devices that can be used in multiple networks. High Speed Broadband Networks (EV-DO, HSPA, LTE, WiMAX, etc.). Broadcast and Multicast technologies (DVB-H, MediaFLO, etc.) for triple play. Common Core Network like IMS to cater for the needs of both wireline and wireless technologies. Converged OAM&P functionality to ease the billing and provisioning mechanisms. Flat Architectures to minimize the number of network elements. Femtocells or WiFi access points for in-building coverage. 