e Service Management T.134 Multimedia Application Text Conversation protocol (T.CHAT) T.135 Secure T.120 conferencing T.RDC Remote Device Control T.TUD Transportation of user-defined bitstreams between endpoints T.130 The formal title of the T.130 specification is Real Time Audio-Visual Control for Multimedia Conferencing. T.130 and T.132 were determine by the ITU-T in March of 1997 and ratified in 1998. T.130 provides a description of how terminals with diverse capabilities can manage audio and video transcoding, continuous presence and other features in a conference. T.130, where possible, leverages existing ITU-T control protocols (H.242/3, H.245). It addresses virtual networks and virtual and distributed multipoint conferencing units-a concept that is new to the H.32X and T.120 family. In addition, T.130 allows a terminal to request and measure the network quality of service (QoS) with respect to Real-Time streams. The T.130 series defines an architecture, a management and control protocol, and a combined set of services that constitute an Audio-Visual Control system (AVC). T.130 supports the use of Real-Time streams and services in a multimedia conferencing environment. T.132, outlines the protocol and services in terms of management and control. T.130 enables devices (e.g., conference server, gateway, or MCU) to provide endpoints with T.132 video and audio services. Such services include stream identification, on-air identification, video switching, audio mixing, continuous presence, and remote device control. The T.130 series leverages H.320 and T.120. It is compatible with systems in which audio and video are transmitted independently of T.120. However, it is also compatible with systems that are capable of transmitting multiple media types within a common multiplex. T.130 is useful for any conferencing scenario that requires multipoint audio or video. Because of the transmission requirements of Real-Time dataflows, the audio and video streams are transported in independent logical channels. However, T.13