eleases of the standard, pose new challenges for network designers. Traditional backhaul networks mostly rely on GPS receivers at cell sites. It is the simplest solution from the perspective of backhaul network design, but GPS systems have their own vulner- abilities and are not available in certain locations (e.g., deep indoor environments). Therefore, operators around the world have increasingly begun to deploy precision time protocol (PTP)/IEEE 1588v24 scheme as a backup mechanism and in some cases as the primary synchronization source in the absence of a viable GPS-based solution. Standard bodies such as ITU-T have continued to refine and enhance the architectures and metrics for packet-based synchronization networks in parallel with the development of a new fronthaul. The ITU-T G.826x and G.827x 42 series provide a rich set of documents that define the architectures, profiles, and network limits for frequency and time/phase synchro- nization services. Phase synchronization exhibits an especially interesting challenge for syn- chronization experts as pointed out by the above fronthaul synchronization requirements. PTP has been defined to synchronize the time and phase of end applications to a primary reference. The PTP protocol continuously measures and attempts to eliminate any offset between the phase of the end application and the primary reference. However, in conven- tional Ethernet networks, packet delay variation has posed a major challenge to transferring acceptable clock qualities in wireless applications. Ethernet switch manufacturers responded The primary reference time clock provides a reference time signal traceable to a recognized time standard IEEE Std 1588-2008: IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems(https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/1588-2008.html). G.826: End-to-end error performance parameters and objectives for international, constant bit-rate digital paths and connections (https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.826/en