able is shown in Figure 10.59 using the following assumptions: LTE 2RX uplink is the reference point with a spectral efficiency of bps/Hz/cell. 5G gain over LTE is 50%. 4RX gain over 2RX is 50%. 8RX gain over 4RX is 50%. Massive MIMO 16TRX efficiency is 6.0 bps/Hz/cell. 64TRX efficiency is 30% more than 16TRX efficiency. 64TRX efficiency is 10% more than 32TRX efficiency. 10.9.4 IMT-2020 Performance Evaluation ITU has defined the minimum performance requirements that IMT-2020 technology must fulfill. One of the requirements was spectral efficiency in different environments in the downlink and in the uplink. Simulations were run to find out if 5G technology is able to meet the requirements. The downlink requirements and simulation results are shown in Figure 10.60, and the uplink requirements and simulation results in Figure 10.61. Three different environments are studied: indoor, dense urban, and rural cases. An indoor hot spot considers a very dense small cell deployment with 20 m inter-site distance. A dense urban environment has an inter-site distance of 200 m with 80% users indoors and 20% outdoors. A rural environment has an inter-site distance of 1732 m with 50% indoor and 50% in-car users. The carrier frequency was 4 GHz in all cases, 8RX UE was assumed, the zero forcing multiuser-MIMO algorithm, and non-ideal SRS-based beamforming. The cell edge spectral efficiency was simulated 10 5G Performance Downlink spectral efficiency bps/Hz/cell Simulated Required Simulated Required Average Cell edge Indoor Dense urban Rural Figure 10.60 Downlink spectral efficiency evaluation for IMT-2020. Uplink spectral efficiency bps/Hz/cell Simulated Required Simulated Required Average Cell edge Indoor Dense urban Rural Figure 10.61 Uplink spectral efficiency evaluation for IMT-2020. with 10 UEs per cell. We show here the cell edge UE throughput multiplied by 10 for compatibility with the average spectral efficiency. The results show that 5G is able to meet the IMT-2020 requirements in all cases. The simulated downlink spectr