er readings, smart grid for better utilization of power networks, traffic telematics for improved road efficiency and safety, industry applications for productivity improvements, smart homes for handy control of lighting and heating, health applications for collecting data from the body, environmental mea- surements, smart cities for higher efficiency and safety, object tracking and agricultural applications, and preventive maintenance and smart monitoring for safety. 5G Technology: 3GPP New Radio, First Edition. Edited by Harri Holma, Antti Toskala, and Takehiro Nakamura. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 14 Internet of Things Optimization Traffic telematics Smart Industry metering Smart Smart grid Agriculture Health Tracking Environment Smart city Figure 14.1 Example cellular loT use cases. The target of IoT optimization is to create IoT modules that can be integrated into billions of objects and provide wireless connectivity to the Internet. IoT optimization targets can be summarized as follows: Long battery life: Smartphones need daily charging of batteries, but many IoT devices must operate for very long times, often years, without charging. A good example is a fire alarm sensor sending data directly to a fire department. The battery change inter- val in such a device is a very important cost factor. The battery life should preferably be as long as the device life time since changing battery can be difficult in hard-to-access locations. A long battery life would also enable completely new connected device applications. Many objects around us currently do not have a cord, but are battery operated or even work without a battery. These devices can also be brought into the network. The target of the cellular IoT connectivity is 10 years of battery operation for simple daily connectivity. Low device cost: IoT connectivity will mostly serve users with a 10-fold lower revenue compared to mobile broadband subscriptions. To enable a positive business case for cellular IoT, the tot