event reporting to the PCRF as well as exchange of (sending and receiving) Internet Protocol connectivity access network (IP-CAN) specific parameters with the PCRF. The QoS rules in the mobile network are derived from the PCC rules. The PCRF is the node that can activate, modify, and deactivate QoS rules over a given reference (i.e. 5 QoS for Mobile Ultra-Broadband Table 5.3 QoS rules in 3GPP mobile networks. Modification by Information Rule category PCRF allowed? Rule ID Rule identifier (for active QoS Mandatory rule for UE) Service data flow Precedence Mandatory detection Service data flow template Mandatory Mandatory Uplink maximum bitrate Conditional (if used) Downlink maximum bitrate Conditional (if used) QoS control Uplink sharing indication Downlink sharing indication Conditional (if used) PS to CS session continuity Conditional network interface) point. Active QoS rule means that the SDF template should be used for the detection of the given SDF, and further mapping of downlink traffic to down- link bearer determined by bearer binding as well as mapping of uplink IP packets to the uplink bearer determined by the bearer binding. Table 5.3 provides QoS rule informa- tion and its category (mandatory or conditional). At bearer deactivation, all active QoS rules on that bearer are being deactivated. 5.4 QoS and Giga Speed WiFi Since the standardization of the IEEE 802.11 standard in 1997, later known as WiFi, it has become the unified WLAN technology on a global scale. Together with Ethernet (IEEE 802.3 standard) as the unified fixed LAN standard, WiFi is implemented in every home and office, and in many public places. Besides use as WLAN technology as an extension of fixed or mobile access networks (toward home, office, or public place), WiFi is also used for traffic offloading in mobile IP-based networks as well as for interconnection of different devices. However, WiFi does not use TDMA on the physical layer, SO there is no possibility for explicit (i.e. strict) QoS provisioning due to absence of concrete r