ustry, changes from online purchasing, Unlicensed Mobile Access (WMA), 385 unlicensed spectrum, 319 travel websites, 289 former white spaces used as, 320 triple-play services (TV, Internet access, and power level specification for, 320 voice calling), 242 unshielded, twisted-pair copper cabling. See UTP Trojan horses, 276 copper cabling trunks, 84 USB ports, IP telephones connected to, 81 demarcation point for wiring of outside United States Department of Justice, 138 trunks, 84 United States Federal Energy Regulatory Com- tunneling protocols, 231 mission (FERC), 64 SSL used with, 233 United States Secret Service, 277 tunnels, 231 user computers, managing via desktop virtualiza- TV Everywhere, 282 tion, 65 tw telecom, 147, 236, 271 user errors, methods for avoiding, 206 user training, combatting security threats with, USF (Universal Service Fund), 120 UC (unified communications), 53, 87-99 proposed reforms, 121 and hosted-IP PBX services, 93 rural carriers' response to proposed reforms integrating conferencing, voicemail, IM and in, 124 e-mail, 87 US West, 111 and popularity of MPLS for multi-site organi- Utah Telecommunications Open Infrastructure zations, 227 Agency (UTOPIA), 190 SIP in, 90 UTP (unshielded, twisted-pair) copper cabling, 38 telepresence systems integrated with, 92 standards, 40 video and audio conferencing, 89 use on LANs, 57 VoIP over broadband services, 219 Uzbekistan, 413 UMTS TDD, 382 unbundled network element platform (UNE-P), Unbundled Network Element (UNE) rates, 125 VDSL2, 241, 259 undersea cables, 6, 169-171 VDSL (very high bit rate DSL), 259 new, in East, West, and Southern Africa, 407 Verizon Communications, 108, 111, 124, 133, using mesh configuration to back up services, acquisition of CloudSwitch, 34 unified communications. See UC acquisition of Terremark Worldwide, Inc., 35 unified entities, managing data centers as, 54 cloud initiatives, 34 Uninterrupted Power Supplies (UPSs), 62 creation of, 112, 114 Index Verizon Communications (Contd.) VimpelCom, 420 Data Breach Investigations