pulation are the same as for the Reference Scenario. Energy prices change, because of the new equilibrium between supply and demand. As with OECD countries, the developing country policies assessed in the Alternative Policy Scenario include those currently under discussion at the national level. In general however, there are fewer such policies than in OECD INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 © OECD 2006 OUTLOOK FOR GLOBAL INVESTMENT IN ELECTRICITY INFRASTRUCTURE countries because environmental issues and energy security concerns are lower on the agenda than in the OECD area. But it is likely that many of these countries will devise new policies in the future to tackle such problems. In most cases the environmental policies would tackle local or regional pollution, though some countries could take climate change effects into consideration in devising their policies. More efficient and less polluting technologies are assumed to become more widely and rapidly available to these countries, thanks to their faster development and deployment in OECD countries. As a result, global energy intensity falls more rapidly in this scenario than in the Reference Scenario. Many of the policies considered push for faster deployment of more efficient and less polluting technologies. The rates of efficiency gains vary with local conditions, including past efforts to encourage more efficient energy use and to reduce environmental damage. On average, the improvement in energy efficiency is assumed to be higher in the developing world than in OECD countries. This reflects a far larger potential for efficiency improvements, as well as a faster rate of technology transfer from the OECD area. As more efficient technologies are deployed in OECD countries their unit costs fall, and they eventually become affordable for all countries. The rate of growth of electricity demand is significantly slower in the Alternative Policy Scenario. In 2030, electricity demand is 3 100 TWh - or 12% - 