t receive antenna element Nrx field patterns in direction of the spherical basis vectors and . Ftx,mx,0 and Ftx,Nx,0 denote transmit antenna element Ntx field patterns in direction of the spherical basis vectors and . r rx,n,m and r tx,n,m denote spherical unit vector with azimuth arrival angle eleva- tion arrival angle On,m,ZoA and azimuth departure angle Qn,m,AoD, and elevation departure angle On,m,ZoD. drx,nrx and dix,nx represent location vector of receive antenna element Nrx and transmit antenna element Ntx. Kn,m is the cross-polarization power ratio in linear scale. to denotes the wavelength of the carrier frequency. Vn,m represents the Doppler frequency component of ray n, m. If the radio channel is dynamically modeled, the above small-scale parameters would become time variant. The channel impulse response describes the channel from a transmit antenna element to a receive antenna element. The spherical unit vectors are defined as fol- lows [24]: rx,n,m tx,n,m The Doppler frequency component Vn,m depends on the arrival angles (AoA, ZoA), and the UE velocity vector V with speed V, travel azimuth angle Ov, elevation angle O and is given by The parameters drx,Nrx and dix,nx are the location vectors of receive and transmit antenna elements, respectively. Considering a base station sector with coordinates (Sx,Sy,Sz) and a planar antenna array, the location vector per antenna element is defined as dix,nx = (Sx Sy sz) + ( 0 (k-1)dH (1-1)dy) where = 1,2, , N l=1,2,...,M = (see Fig. 3.7). The parameters N and dH denote the number of antenna ele- ments and the inter-element spacing in the horizontal direction, respectively, while M and dv represent the number of antenna elements and the inter-element spacing in the vertical direction, respectively. The Doppler frequency component of the UE moving at velocity V is represented by parameter Vn,m. New Radio Access Physical Layer Aspects (Part 1) 311 When antenna arrays are deployed at the transmitter and receiver, the impulse response of such arrangement results in a ve