ice Provider perception policy Surveys Complaints Services Networks information equipment QoE analysis QoS analysis Customer's services Service Provider's quality evaluation Contextual quality evaluation QoS/QoE SLA compliance analysis Benchmarking with analysis other providers' QoS Corrective or proactive action QoE - Quality of experience QoS - Quality of service SLA - Service level agreement Figure 7.10 Customer and service provider QoS perceptions. Broadband QoS Measurements Current telecommunication networks have become all-IP networks with broadband/ ultra-broadband access. All ICT services are delivered over the same access, including legacy telephony (as VoIP with QoS support), legacy TV (as IPTV), and IAS. On the other side, the QoS is always considered end-to-end. That means that for any service the QoS measurements are performed over broadband access, core (i.e. regional) and transit networks, either end-to-end QoS/QoE measurement or network performances measurement on different network segments. 7.8.1 Framework for QoS Measurements of IP Network Services Considering that all networks and services in the modern telecommunication/ICT world in the twenty-first century are IP-based, there is necessity of QoS measurements of network services offered by service providers such as fixed and mobile telecom operators. For the purposes of operation and maintenance, networks and services design and optimization as well as regulatory monitoring of the provided QoS by the telecom operators (as ISPs), it is necessary to define a minimal set of QoS parameters (which will be used by all parties, including providers and regulators) for evaluating the quality of the IP network service. Such minimum set of parameters for evaluating the quality of the IP network service is defined with ITU-T 1545.1 [23], as given in Table 7.9. 7 Broadband QoS Parameters, KPIs, and Measurements Table 7.9 Minimum set of QoS parameters for IP network service. Parameter Definition IP network service This parameter refers to the allocation of 