 and extensions. An Apache license is essentially similar to BSD, allowing users to use the software for any purpose, to distribute it, and to modify it, without concern for royalties. The language of the Apache license is somewhat more elaborate compared with BSD, making it more appealing to enterprises and therefore more popular. The GNU General Public License (GPL) is a very popular open source license (GPLv2 is the license used by the Linux kernel, for example). It is considered a "copyleft" open source license, which guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share, and modify the software. However, it imposes a number of important restrictions; for example, that derivative work must be open source and distributed under the same license terms. The OpenAirInterface Public License, even though nowhere near as popular as the ones mentioned above, is important to mention as it represents a different type of open source license, which is incidentally used for one of the most popular open source RAN imple- mentations. It is a modified version of the Apache licenses, with one significant differ- ence - it allows contributing parties to charge royalties based on patents for commercial exploitation of the software. 2.11 Competition Competition certainly plays a big role in driving 5G. It is not confined, though, to the usual competition between mobile operators (in what is sometimes referred to the "race to 5G"), and network equipment and handset vendors. Additionally, with 5G we are likely to see a competition between industries, market segments, and technologies. On one hand, 5G technology is aiming to expand beyond the traditional mobile mar- kets, while on the other hand new ecosystems and market segments are looking to exploit the scale of the global 5G technology. Therefore, in addition to the traditional competition among: Mobile operators Network infrastructure vendors 2 Market Drivers Handset vendors. We are likely to see competition between: Wireless technologies (e.g. 3GPP NB-IoT VS. LoRa) Ecosystems 