mission (FCC), all areas are either metropolitan or rural. A significant part of rural areas consists of suburbs with relatively large residential populations. And, of course, emergency services want to be able to reach travelers on highways and back roads as well. Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. CDMA Now and in the Future CDMA Now and in the Future get some answers (or at least some good guesswork) on specific questions. Here is one example. If we identify two separate locations with high demand within one cell, can we determine how much additional capacity we will get on that cell by deploying smart antennas as compared with either the current system of 120-degree sectors or a less- expensive upgrade using narrow-beam fixed directional antennas with a spread of 60 degrees or less? Such a determination would be a valuable addition to a cost- benefit analysis before making a decision on what antennas to upgrade, what tech- nologies to use, and when and how to deploy them. There is another possible improvement in modeling. The cellular system models we use now are based on measurements taken at specific times in specific cities and rural locations, as discussed in Chap. 47. However, we are constantly taking measurements on our networks. It should be possible to integrate these measurements not only as part of the data sets in our tools but also as part of the modeling equations. Statistical methods possibly could be applied to take networkwide data and use them for new and more accurate incremental improvements to the calculations in our propagation models. 49.1.2 Europe European 3G systems face a number of challenges. Let us look at the economic ones first. Even more than in North America, the market for cellular phones has reached saturation. This has created challenging times for the manufacturers of cellular user terminals