, fifth generation mobile networks are being architected and designed and their rollout is expected in 2020. Compared to the existing 4G systems, 5G networks offer Average data rate to each device in the range of 50 Mb/s, compared to the current 5 Mb/s Peak speeds of up to 1 Gb/s simultaneously to many users in the same local area Several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections for massive wireless sensor network Enhanced spectral efficiency for existing bands New frequency bands with wider bandwidths Improved coverage Efficient signaling for low latency applications New use cases such as the IoT, broadcast-like services, low latency applications, and lifeline communication in times of natural disaster will call for new networking architectures based on network slicing (reference). NFV and SDN will be an important aspect of 5G systems-for both the radio access nodes as well as the network core. The chapters that follow explore the concepts discussed in this chapter, in much more detail. The transformation that is upon us will achieve hyper scaling, not unlike what the web players have done for their data centers. We think this is one of the biggest shifts in networking since the creation of the Internet. REFERENCES 1.https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/ 2. http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21645180-smartphone-ubiquitous-addictive-and- ransformative-planet-phones 3. 800 service using SPC network capability-special issue on stored program controlled network, Bell System Technical Journal, Volume 61, Number 7, September 1982. 4. J. Van der Merwe et al. Dynamic connectivity management with an intelligent route service control point, Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Network Management. Pisa, Italy, pp. 147-161. 5. http://about.att.com/innovationblog/121014datapoints 6. http://about.att.com/innovationblog/061714hittingtheop 7. https://opensource.com/resources/what-open-source Transforming a Modern Telecom Network-From All-IP to Network Cloud 