less Broadband (WiBro) IEEE 802.20 (Mobile-Fi) HiperLan2, HiperAccess, and HiperMAN iBurst Flash-OFDM Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) Virtual fiber (VF) BFWA has awakened interest in the communications community because of the high capacity it offers. The ITU divides the world into three regions for the pur- poses of managing the global radio spectrum. The main reason for this division is that each region has its own set of frequency allocations. Region 1 includes Europe, Africa, the Middle East west of the Persian Gulf and including Iraq, and the former Soviet Union. Region 2 comprises the Americas. Region 3 contains non-former- Soviet-Union Asia east of and including Iran and Oceania. Table 15.2 shows the ITU BFWA frequency allocations. There are two broad categories of BFWA standards: High-frequency BFWA-High-frequency BFWA includes cellular broad- band two-way communication systems with fixed and nomadic access. It is focused on broadband services, including real-time video, streaming video, and video transfer. High-frequency BFWA operates in the frequency bands Chapter 15 WMANs, WLANs, and WPANs Table 15.2 ITU BFWA Frequency Allocations Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 2,200MHz-2,690MHz (490MHz band) 3,400MHz-4,200MHz (800MHz band) 4,400MHz-5,000MHz (600MHz band) 5,800MHz-8,500MHz (2,650MHz band) 10,000MHz-10,450MHz 10,000MHz-10,450MHz (450MHz band) (450MHz band) 10,500MHz-10,680MHz (180MHz band) 10,700MHz-12,500MHz 10,700MHz-12,100MHz 10,700MHz-12,750MHz (1,800MHz band) (1,400MHz band) (2,050MHz band) 14,300MHz-14,400MHz 14,300MHz-14,400MHz (100MHz band) (100MHz band) 14,400MHz-15,350MHz (990MHz band) 17,700MHz-19,700MHz (2,000MHz band) 21,200MHz-23,600MHz (2,400MHz band) 24,250MHz-25,250MHz 24,250MHz-25,250MHz (1,000MHz band) (1,000MHz band) 22,250MHz-29,500MHz (3,750MHz band) 31,000MHz-31,300MHz (300MHz band) 31,800MHz-33,400MHz (1,600MHz band) 36,000MHz-43,500MHz (7,500MHz band) WMANs above 25GHz, which account for 75% of the available bandwidth for broad- band radio. These very large and unused frequenc