cuit (VC) call request causes a connection munication between end stations. with certain QoS requirements to be requested through Data country code and international code designator Initial domain identifier Domain-specific part E 164 ATM format Initial domain identifier Domain-specific part Figure 3.2-2 ATM supports a 20-byte addressing format. CHAPTER 3.2 Network infrastructure the ATM network. The route through the network is reasons being, there are enough competing technologies, determined by the source ATM switch. This is based on like 100-Mbps Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet that provide what it determines is the best path through the network similar services with minimal infrastructure upgrade to be and on the PNNI protocol and the QoS request. Each done. But, when WAN is considered, ATM has its own switch along the path is checked to determine whether it niche over its competing technologies for the same reasons has the appropriate resources for the connection. previously discussed. While designing and engineering When the connection is established, voice traffic flows voice over an ATM WAN, there are sets of design issues between end stations as if a leased line existed between that need to be addressed. Some of them are as follows. the two. This specification spells out routing in private networks. Within carrier networks, the switch-to-switch Technical challenges protocol is B-ICI. Current research and development of integrated non-ATM and ATM routing will yield new A packetized approach to transmit voice faces a number capabilities to build translate-level voice and ATM of technical challenges, which spring from the real-time networks. or interactive nature of the voice traffic. Some of the challenges that need to be addressed are discussed next. VoATM and delay ATM has several mechanisms for controlling delay and This is a phenomenon where the transmitted voice signal delay variation. The QoS capabilities of ATM allow the gets reflected back. It is due to the unavoidable imped- specific request of CBR tra