 and Timing Protocols Chapter 4. Standards Development Organizations 1. International Telecommunication Union 2. 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 4. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 5. Internet Engineering Task Force 6. Radio Access Network 7. MEF Forum 8. Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and Audio Engineering Society Chapter 5. Clocks, Time Error, and Noise 1. Clocks 2. Time Error 3. Holdover Performance 4. Transient Response 5. Measuring Time Error Chapter 6. Physical Frequency Synchronization 1. Evolution of Frequency Synchronization 2. BITS and SSU 3. Clocking Hierarchy 4. Synchronous Ethernet 5. Enhanced Synchronous Ethernet 6. Clock Traceability 7. Synchronization Network Chain 8. Clock Selection Process 9. Timing Loops 10. Standardization Chapter 7. Precision Time Protocol 1. History and Overview of PTP 2. PTP Versus NTP 3. IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2) 4. PTP Clocks 5. Profiles 6. PTP Security 7. IEEE 1588-2019 (PTPv2.1) Part III: Standards, Recommendations, and Deployment Considerations Chapter 8. ITU-T Timing Recommendations 1. Overview of the ITU 2. ITU-T Physical and TDM Timing Recommendations 3. ITU-T Recommendations for Frequency in Packet Networks 4. ITU-T Packet-Based Timing Recommendations 5. Possible Future Changes in Recommendations Chapter 9. PTP Deployment Considerations 1. Deployment and Usage 2. Factors Impacting Timing Performance 3. Parameters for Timing Performance 4. Clock Performance 5. Budgeting End-to-End Time Error 6. Network Holdover 7. Packet Network Topologies 8. Packet Transport 9. Non-Mobile Deployments Part IV: Timing Requirements, Solutions, and Testing Chapter 10. Mobile Timing Requirements 1. Evolution of Cellular Networks 2. Timing Requirements for Mobility Networks 3. Timing Requirements for LTE and LTE-A 4. Evolution of the 5G Architecture 5. 5G New Radio Synchronization Requirements Chapter 11. 5G Timing Solutions 1. Deployment Considerations for Mobile Timing 2. Frequency-Only Deployments 