rectly connected, FastEthernet0/1 192.168.1.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets 192.168.1.11 [90/156160] via 11.0.0.1, 00:00:03, FastEtherneto/1 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 11.0.0.1 10.0.0.0/7 is a summary, 00:54:40, Nullo Chapter 9: Routing and Routers In this case, the default route is a static route, as shown by the S in the first column, but it could be learned from a routing protocol as well. The asterisk next to the S indicates this route is a candidate for the default route. There can be more than one candidate, in which case there will be multiple entries with asterisks. There can even be multiple default routes, but only one will be listed in the first line. This output shows a router with two active default gateways, though only one is listed in the first line: Gateway of last resort is 10.0.0.1 to network 0.0.0.0 20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets 20.0.0.0 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEtherneto/o 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEtherneto/1 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 When in doubt, look at the 0.0.0.0/0 entry in the routing table, as it will always have the most accurate information. The IP Routing Table CHAPTER 10 Routing Protocols A routing protocol is a means whereby devices interchange information about the state of the network. The information collected from other devices is used to make decisions about the best path for packets to flow to each destination network. Routing protocols are applications that reside at layer seven in the OSI model. There are many routing protocols in existence, though only a few are in common use today. Older protocols are rarely used, though some networks may contain legacy devices that support only those protocols. Some firewalls and servers may support a limited scope of routing protocols-most commonly RIP and OSPF-but for the sake of simplicity, I will refer to all devices that participate in a routing protocol as routers. Routing protocols allow networks to be dynamic and resistant to fa