ng equipment manufacturers a time-to-market advantage single-chip, thus low power requirements, solution with packet processing OC-48 traffic and congestion management solution QoS and cost of service capabilities and services. Traffic management functionality is needed for or, at least, can be applied to vari- ous types of NE. Intrarom provides solutions for a variety of networking equipment including: multi-service switches terabit routers ATM core switches DSLAM control cards multiservice add/drop multiplexers digital cross connects. OC-768 OVER- DATA- Switch physical Plane Fabrics electronics layer Network Mappers Processors Pointer 10GbE Processors Traffic end-to-end solutions Figure 13.2 Vitesse traffic management application domain. 13 Traffic Management Vitesse follows the strategy of combining components in the physical layer such as cables and connectors physical network elements, (PHYs), framers, network processors, traffic managers and switch fabrics. A switch fabric is a generic interface which allows network nodes to communicate without having detailed information on how the connection between the nodes is established. With this approach, Vitesse semiconductor solutions seek to offer a seamless integrated architecture spanning PHYs to fabric and supporting a wide range of data rates. 13.8 Conclusion Traffic management is often carried out at the hardware level, and so the details of how it works are not always the concern of OSS systems. However, OSS systems lean heavily on traffic management functionality in order to ensure that performance parameters are met, which impacts on such business factors as SLAs and guaran- teed service agreements. We have explained the basics of traffic management and the main business motivations for traffic management. Web-based Telecommunications Systems Management 14.1 Introduction Almost all new OSS allow access through a web browser. At its foundation, this is just rendering a screen into HTML, and so we would hope that web-based network management means more than