ence (1982 survey). Columns 4 and 5 show the detailed calculation of the bit/symbol (H2) and trit/symbol (H3) entropy, using base-2 and base-3 logarithms, respectively. Column 6 shows the codeword length 1(x) associated with each trit symbol, and Column 7 shows the calculation of the mean codeword length L (effective code entropy). The last two columns represent the same as Columns 6 and 7, but with a different coding solution with codeword length l'(x) yielding the mean L' (see text for description). The calculation results (source entropy, effective code entropy, and coding efficiency) are shown at bottom. Morse trit Other Mean CW Morse length length symbol log2(p) log3(p) 1(x)p(x) l'(x) l'(x)p(x) 0.127 0.378 0.239 0.254 0.254 0.091 0.314 0.198 0.181 0.181 0.082 0.295 0.186 0.245 0.075 0.280 0.177 0.299 0.150 0.070 0.268 0.169 0.209 0.140 0.067 0.261 0.165 0.200 0.134 0.063 0.251 0.158 0.188 11112 0.061 0.246 0.155 0.304 0.182 0.060 0.243 0.153 0.239 0.179 0.043 0.195 0.123 0.171 0.129 10112 0.040 0.185 0.117 0.199 0.120 01012 0.028 0.144 0.091 0.140 0.084 0.028 0.144 0.091 0.112 0.112 0.024 0.129 0.081 0.072 0.096 0.024 0.129 0.081 0.096 0.096 11012 0.022 0.121 0.076 0.110 0.088 0.020 0.113 0.071 0.080 0.080 11102 0.020 0.113 0.071 0.100 0.080 10112 0.019 0.108 0.068 0.095 0.095 01112 0.015 0.091 0.057 0.075 0.075 11102 0.010 0.066 0.042 0.050 0.050 0.008 0.056 0.035 0.032 0.040 10002 0.002 0.018 0.011 0.010 0.010 01102 0.002 0.018 0.011 0.010 0.010 00102 0.001 0.010 0.006 0.005 0.005 00112 0.001 0.010 0.006 0.005 0.005 1.000 Entropy H2=4.185 H3 = 2.640 L = 3.544 L' = 2.744 bit/symbol trit/symbol trit/symbol trit/symbol (source) (source) (code) (code) Coding 74.49% 96.23% efficiency Information coding the last character 2 in each codeword as another sound, which is different from dit or da (say, do or du). For the purposes of entropy analysis, we shall consider here only the symbols x corresponding to A-Z, for which we know the probability distribution, p(x), taking the English-language PDF described in Chapte