politan areas. 17. Morgan Stanley, Wireless Data Report, as cited in FCC, Eighth Annual Competition Report, 418. 18. For details, see www.fcc.gov/auctions/default.htm?job=auctions_home 19. For a review of the confusion created by this FCC policy in auctioning the C-band frequencies and the Supreme Court's decision to uphold an appellate court decision that pre- vented the FCC from requiring a defaulting bidder, Nextwave, to return its spectrum to the Commission, see FCC V. Nextwave Personal Communications, Inc., 123 S. Ct. 832 (2003). 20. Seewww.nwfusion.com/edge/news/2003/0804qwest.html. 21. As noted earlier, Sprint's merger with Nextel may reduce this number to four if it is consummated in 2005. 22. FCC, Eighth Annual CMRS Competition Report. 23. Data from FCC, Telecommunications Industry Revenues 2002 (March 2004), tables 9 and 10. As discussed in chapter 6, this decline may be understated because of the under- statement of interstate switched access minutes. Nevertheless, wire-based long-distance rates have not fallen nearly as rapidly as cellular rates. The FCC estimate of interstate revenues per interstate conversation minute is available only through 2002. 24. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Consumer Price Index, All Urban Consumers. The current CPI for landline long-distance service is only available for months beginning in December 1997. A weighted average of the decline in interstate revenues per minute from the FCC's Telecommunications Industry Revenues report and the rate of decline in intrastate charges registered in the BLS Consumer Price Index with weights of two-thirds and one- third, respectively, declines at an average rate of 8.9 percent a year between 1996 and 2002. 25. BLS, Consumer Price Index; and FCC, Trends in Telephone Service (May 2004), table 13.3. Notes to Pages 101-108 26. Mark Rodini, Michael R. Ward, and Glenn A. Woroch, "Going Mobile: Substi- tutability between Fixed and Mobile Access," Telecommunications Policy 27 (June 2003): 457-76. A more recent article obtains similar resul