rrow. "Fundamental networking research has an essential role in advancing the country's digital and physical infrastructure," says NSF's Mari Maeda, acting division director for Advanced Networking Infrastructure and Research. "These testbed projects demonstrate how NSF contributes both to cutting- edge research and the next-generation networks we will depend on in our daily lives." Through NSF support, the testbeds, once deployed, will be open to experiments by networking researchers from other institutions. To enhance the country's cyber defenses, the University of California (UC), Berkeley, and the University of Southern California have undertaken a large- scale testbed for experimenting with methods to protect networks against computer worms, viruses, denials of service, and other cyber attacks. With this testbed, attacks can be unleashed without a threat to the security of opera- tional networks. A companion project led by researchers at Pennsylvania State University, UC Davis, Purdue University, and the International Computer Science Institute will develop scenarios for testing and evaluating proposed defense systems. To support these efforts, NSF collaborated with the Depart- ment of Homeland Security, which is cofunding a portion of $10.8 million awarded to these two projects. The explosion of "wi-fi" networking, from coffee-shop hotspots to scientific networks of remote wireless sensors, is changing the dynamics of what used to be a primarily wired Internet. NSF has made awards to deploy five testbeds where researchers can develop technologies for next-generation wireless networks. The testbeds will provide opportunities to benchmark new wireless proto- cols, evaluate prototype hardware, and examine emerging issues such as inter- ference and efficient spectrum usage. These five testbed efforts each target a different aspect of wireless networking and are led by scientists at UCLA, Rutgers University, MIT, the University of Kansas, and the Stevens Institute of Technology. Although wi-fi networking has eme