considered less often, but it is highly important (it includes content and applications to use the NGN, use of government services, education, and facilities to exploit available NGN broadband). The main policy factors for the telecom world include the following [31]: Spectrum policy. It is critical because spectrum is a limited resource and mobile broadband access has higher penetration than fixed broadband access (especially in countries with developing ICT markets). Also, in mobile networks (similar to the fixed networks) the focus moves from traditional voice services (provided by mobile telecom operators) to data services via mobile broadband/ultra-broadband Internet access. Services. Broadband Internet-based services are mainly developed by private companies, which are different from telecom operators that provide access to the Internet and overall provide broadband/ultra-broadband access. Other significant benefits come from the delivery of government services, such as education, health- care, public transportation, and government services. This also may increase the need for QoS in certain cases. Regulatory policies should facilitate supply of end-user services by private companies. Also, regulatory policies should allow competition as deep as possible into the layers of service provisioning, including broadband network infrastructure services, ultra-broadband access services, various content, and services via OTT applications as third-party applications provided based on network neutral Internet access services. Legal frameworks. Sometimes beyond the telecom regulator's scope, certain policies need to consider enabling legal frameworks and structures for services and networks (e.g. for data protection, security, and monitoring). Education and contents. Education is using more and more broadband Internet access and various OTT services. ICT literacy (how to access and appropriately use Internet services and application for different purposes) is also required to benefit from certain NGN services (e.g. var