entations of the (client- side) modem itself. The reduced feature set is documented in 3GPP Study Item 38.87522 which defines a number of areas of complexity reduction targeting a simpler and thus lower cost modem implementation under the "Reduced Capabilities" (RedCap) name but also known as 5G-light, 5G-lite and similar names. RedCap is important in embedded applications that are characterized by a requirement for long in-field deployment (and therefore do not want to rely on "outdated" standards such as LTE or WCDMA/GSM) and limited throughput/latency performance requirements. Consider various sensors, wireless cameras, and similar applications as called out in 38.875 (Fig. 11-8). 3GPP defines a number of simplifications to the UE deployment profile that allow for reduced cost hardware/software implementations that are documented as UE reduction Chapter 11 Differentiation by use case loT Market Segmentation High End, Low Speed: High End, High Speed: NB-loT LTE-M, 5G RedCap Picture, Audio, HF Video, Voice, Realtime Monitoring data. Battery operated, External power source, Energy Harvesting Rechargeable batteries Low-cost, Low Speed Low Cost, High Speed: (LPWAN): Holy grail SigFox, LoRaWan, Monitoring, tracking Battery operated/Energy Harvesting FIGURE 11-8 loT market segmentation. loT, Internet of Things. features with estimated hardware complexity ( = cost) savings. We cover these at a high level here. Reduced number of Rx/Tx antennas The reduction is to limit the amount of transmit antennas to 1x Tx, both for FR1 and FR2 operation, and reduce the number of receive antennas to 1x Rx or 2x Rx. The number of MIMO branches is reduced correspondingly, leading to reduced throughput requirements. The associated cost reduction is established both in baseband as well as RF front-end com- plexity, where each Rx/Tx path has an associated cost for power amplifier, Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), modulator/demodulator, and associated components. User Equipment bandwidth reduction The study suggests a bandwidth reduction to 20 