4 mitigating interference, 245 cloud-based, with specialized software, 31 new Ethernet services available over, 243 cloud providers, 36 standards to support higher speeds on, 40-42 external providers, 25 as sunk cost, 241 hosted, middle-mile connections, 188 Index modular construction for structures, 64 Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer. moving applications to the cloud from, 34 See DSLAM next-generation, virtualization and gigabit disk drives can be networked together in arrays, 56 speeds, 53-65 disk mirroring, 55 software to monitor virtualized centers, 67 distributed antenna systems (DAS), 351 virtualized, managing memory, CPUs, and distributed DoS attacks, 76, 275 storage in, 65-68 distribution hubs, 186 data jacks (RJ48 jacks), 85 Divestiture, 162 Data Link Layer (OSI), 24, 48 DNS (domain name system), 273 Data Over Cable System Interface Specifications DOCSIS 3.0 with bonding, 203 (DOCSIS), 202 DOCSIS (Data Over Cable System Interface standards, 214 Specifications), 202 DCS (digital cellular system), 380 standards, 214 dedicated services (private lines), 250 Doll, Dixon, 394 for WANs and MANs, 250 domain names dedicated set-top devices, 281 inclusion of non-Latin domain names, 273 de-duplication, 21 tracking and managing top-level domain Deep Packet Inspection. See DPI names, 273 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Do Not Track Kids Act of 2011, 128 (DARPA), 315 DoS (Denial of Service) attacks, 31, 100 Dell, 55 distributed DoS attacks, 76, 275 demodulation, 202 root servers lessening vulnerability to, 272 Denial of Service attacks. See DoS attacks DPI (Deep Packet Inspection), 10-14, 71 Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing. government use of, 14 See DWDM Layer 7 (OSI), 25 Department of Justice, 138 using to manage networks in private and pub- desktop-enabled video conferencing, 89 lic educational institutions, 13 desktop virtualization, 65 DS-0 (digital signal zero), 247 Deutsche Telekom, 271, 416 DS-3 (digital signal three), 247 DID (direct inward dialing), 85 DS (digital signal) levels, 2