plane, respectively. Where the media gateways constitute the centre components in the 1st plane, and switching servers (e.g. MSC; SGSN servers) in the data base plat- forms (e.g. HLR) in the second the 2nd plane. In the user plane, we aim to manage the traffic flow; and in the control plane, we will make sure that the traffic intensity does not overwhelm system boundaries. Applications Layer Application Services & applic ati ons Application Switching GMSC/Transit Server Server Control Point Server (+EDGE Control Layer GGSN: Server Multimedia Gateways Multi-Se ice Backbone Network Multimedia Internet Gateways Intranets Connectivity Layer Multimedia WCDMA User data Gateways Control Figure 8.6 3G-CN elements for integrated management. 6 A precise management and control of the trade is critical to for the FDD mode or WCDMA. Resource and Network Management 8.3.4.2.1 Media Gateway Nodes (MGW) The MGW nodes as constituents of the user plane handle CS and PS information and connect to the fixed network for CS traffic (ISUP) and PS traffic (internet/corporate LANs etc.), and to the RAN through the RNC. Various traffic control nodes connecting through H.248 links (Chapter 6) manage the MGW. 8.3.4.2.2 Traffic Control Servers The traffic control servers include CS and PS servers. The MSC Server Nodes The MSC server controls the CS traffic in the MGW, including traffic transported on an IP/ATM backbone. The NMS will need thus to capture MSC server functions such as typical MSC functions, GMSC, VLR and signalling functions. Packet Traffic Control Nodes The two PS servers include a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN Server) and a Gate- way GPRS Support Node (GGSN). These server nodes maintain and update contexts for all attached users of packet data services. In the case of the SGSN server, the con- texts focuses primarily on macro-mobility, while in the GGSN the contexts deal with the type of network connections. 8.3.4.2.3 The Subscriber Data Base (HLR) The HLR serves as common platform for CS traffic servers (i.e. MSC servers) a