ency in 5G. 3.4 Flexible Physical Layer and Protocols Figure 3.15 Adaptive UE specific 100 MHz 100 MHz bandwidth part. carrier carrier 100 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 100 MHz 10 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz could support high-data-rate mobile broadband, while smaller bandwidths can be used for less demanding applications. Bandwidth can be adapted dynamically per UE depending on the data rate requirements. The next moment, the UE1 band- width is changed to 20 MHz and UE2 to 100 MHz. Adaptation brings benefits in term of device power consumption from the RF and from the baseband point of view. The UE is required to receive and transmit only within its own bandwidth part. Note that there are no changes to the UE categories in Release 15: all UEs must support full 100 MHz bandwidth even if UEs are allowed to instantaneously use less bandwidth. For more details about device design aspects, see Chapter 13. 3.4.8 Distributed MIMO Distributed MIMO refers to the downlink transmission from two or more cells toward the UE, or to the uplink reception from the UE to two or more cells. Distributed Multiple Input Multiple Output (dMIMO) is also known as Coordinated Multipoint Transmis- sion (CoMP) and Multi-Transmission Reception Point (TRP). The target of distributed MIMO is to improve the cell edge performance by increasing signal power toward the UE and by minimizing inter-cell interference, and to improve connection reliability. Distributed MIMO can be considered as an extension of massive MIMO where the transmitters are not within a single antenna but are distributed to different sites. The concept is illustrated in Figure 3.16 where three radio units transmit data simultane- ously to a single UE. The transmission is controlled by a centralized unit with low latency connections to each radio unit. Distributed MIMO has major potential to improve user data rates, especially in the cell edge conditions. CoMP technology has been utilized successfully in uplink in the LTE, especially in busy mass events where the uplink capacity is the bottleneck.