t any delay, for a total of k copies, enabling the flexible management of the buffered packets flows. A copy is also available at each output, SO that this architecture easily supports multicasting. The example of the KEOPS packet switch is only one of the ways in which the principle of broadcast and selection can be applied in conjunction to WCs to avoid the use of great space division matrixes. This simplification is, however, paid with the great number of WCs that are needed, that makes the setting up of discrete component equipment extremely difficult, but could become less important if integration on the InP platform develops volumes and technolo- gies for large-scale integration. Next Generation Networking: Enabling Technologies, Architectures, and Performances Since collisions can happen inside the KEOPS switch, an arbiter has to reside in the electronic control processor. However, this is not different from the arbiter of an electronic switch, SO no difficulty is hidden under this need. Naturally, the scheme of Figure 10.43 simply catches the KEOPS switch fabric. In the KEOPS project, all the elements of the packet switched network were developed using all- optical signal processing, and it is instructive to study this complex design to have a feeling of the type of problems that can be encountered if the whole network has to be designed. Another simpler example of switch fabric, based on the combination of wavelength divi- sion and space division, is shown in Figure 10.44. Here, all the incoming packets are wavelengths converted on the wavelength that they will have on the output DWDM systems and sent to one of the possible output directions via a 1 X N dynamic switch, whose implementation should be feasible, since generally, the degree of such a node is on the order of 4-6. Naturally, the switches are driven by an elec- tronic control SO to avoid too many packets being sent toward the same output, at the same time. In order to manage contentions, queues are present at each input. NW lines arrive at each