ail- able for total fronthaul latency. Assuming the speed of light of 200,000 km/s in fiber, CPRI maximum transmission distance is limited to approximately 20 km. In a fronthaul network which utilizes dark fiber, jitter rarely occurs between BBU and RRH, because this type of optical fiber rarely causes any jitter. On the contrary, in a fronthaul network containing active equipment like WDM or PON, jitter can be intro- duced to the fronthaul network during signal processing (e.g., mapping/multiplexing in OTN). CPRI I/Q bit streams with such jitter can cause errors in the clock and data recovery process at RRH, subsequently leading to degraded system performance of RRH. Degraded frequency accuracy of the reference clock recovered in RRH can affect the performance of all relevant components that use the reference clock. For example, an inaccurate reference clock may cause errors when converting LTE/NR I/Q samples into analog signals during the digital-to-analog conversion. It can further lead to inac- curate frequency of carrier signals used for radio transmission of the analog signals. Therefore jitter in the fronthaul network can cause significant impacts on the quality of A-law is a companding algorithm, which is used in European 8-bit PCM digital communications systems to modify the dynamic range of an analog signal for digitization. It is one of the versions of the ITU-T G.711 standard. The u-law algorithm is another companding algorithm, which is primarily used in 8-bit PCM digital telecommunication systems in North America and Japan. Companding algorithms reduce the dynamic range of an audio signal, resulting in an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio achieved during transmission. In the digital domain, it can reduce the quantization error. 5G Network Architecture 65 LTE/NR signals transmitted through RRH antennas. Therefore when implementing a fronthaul network for C-RAN, extensive verification is required to ensure jitter intro- duced by active equipment is maintained within the tolerable range [60]. The s