be checked, if required with thermal analysis and modeling tools. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards outline the allowed conducted or radi- ated emissions by the product. Multiple standards are defined for EMC compliance, both in Europe and European Union. The American FCC Part 15 standards define intentional and unintentional radiation limits for various bands and are the go-to standard for wireless LAN (802.11) and other standards. RoHS stands for Restriction of the Use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment and is a product-level compliance requirement as defined in European Union Directive 2002/95/EC. The 2006 directive restricts the use of specific hazardous materials found in electrical and electronic products if that equipment is to be allowed to be sold in the European Union. Use of lead (Pb) is forbidden by this directive and that includes lead historically used for soldering components to PCBs. RoHS 2 expands RoHS to include cables, spare compo- nents, etc., whereas RoHS 3 includes additional substances. ASN.1 Standardized by ITU-T, ASN.1 is an interface description language that defines data struc- tures as used in many applications including 3GPP CP (RRC, SIAP, NGAP, etc.) and other Chapter 2 System components, requirements, and interfaces 97 Table 2-5 Ingress protection definitions. Value Solid particle protection Liquid protection No data available No data available No protection No protection 50 mm-for example, the back of a hand Dripping water 12.5 mm-for example, a finger Dripping water when tilted at 15 degrees 2.5 mm-tools or wires Spraying water 1 mm-wires, small insects Splashing of water Dust protected Water jets Dust tight with applied vacuum Powerful water jets Water jets with increased pressure Immersion, 1 m Immersion, 3 m Powerful high-temperature water jets protocols. It is a formal notation that is used in 3GPP standards definitions. ASN.1 standard defines multiple mechanisms to convert ASN.1 data structures to serialize data streams that can