 and open interfaces (i.e., Open Flow). Global Scope and Cross-Administration of NFV: Connectivity distributing over multiple administration dominions and geographies is imperative. Acceleration in Innovation: The demands of NFV require a substantial complex forwarding plane, combining virtual and physical applications in cooperation with extensive control and application software; on the contrary, SDN lay down on the principles which are based on Open Flow as the cornerstone and tend to change the control plane to be software-centric, programmable and open which is an ideal foundation for innovation in SDN. Mitigation Software Hardware Strategies Since virtualization and abstraction incur money, a number of additional mitigation hardware and software strategies have been designed few of them are discussed as ahead. Data Plane I/O Accelerator Data Plane I/O is an accelerator which enables to run services on COTS hardware. The use of hypervisor vSwitch, primarily designed for NFV/service virtualization increases the performance overhead for I/O. The I/O techniques can be software based which may include operating system or hypervisor. The two mostly used I/O acceleration techniques are: (Aditess, 2016) Virtio: I/O benefits are mainly provided by defining a layer of abstraction over devices in a paravirtualized hypervisor VMM. It also acts as a platform for disk and network I/O virtualization in Linux, FreeBSD, and other operating systems. SR-IOV: It is defined as PIC-SIG Single-Root I/O Virtualization (SR- IOV) which acts as an extension to PCI Express specification. The major role of SR-IOV is in splitting physical functions into lighter-weight virtual functions. i.e. it allows a network adaptor, to separate access to its resources Downloaded: 4/15/2022 9:44:49 AM Nova Southeastern University IP Address: 137.52.76.29 Virtualizing Network Functions in Software-Defined Networks among various PCIe hardware functions where PCIe specification splits a device into multiple PCI Express Requester IDs. It can distinguish 