going out over the air. 10.1.6 cdmaOne power control Reverse power control is the three-step process described in Sec. 8.5. Power control be- gins when the user terminal requests a channel for an incoming or outgoing call. The user terminal sends a message called an access probe at the open-loop power level and awaits a response. The entire process of sending access probes to set up a call is called an access attempt. If the access probe is unsuccessful, then the user terminal waits a random period of time and sends another access probe with 1 dB more power. If 16 ac- cess probes fail, then the access attempt has failed. In this first step, power control is handled based on the power level of the signal channel. If the call channel is established, step two begins. The user terminal sets its initial power level for the reverse channel using open-loop power control, measuring the pilot signal power on the forward channel and adjusting its transmit power accordingly. There are parameters telling the user terminal how much to add to its received power. Since this power level is based on forward power statistics and the forward channel is on a different frequency with different fading characteristics, this initial reverse power level is just an estimate to be refined using the closed-loop power control. Once a call is in progress, the third step begins, and the closed-loop power control takes over. The closed-loop power-control system operates with feedback at two levels. The inner loop is constantly measuring Eb/No 800 times per second and sending power- control messages to optimize Eb/No. The outer loop is adjusting the target Eb/No for each call by measuring frame error rate (FER). The outer loop is where the system pays for the higher-bit-rate speech coder, RS2. While both speech coders, RS1 and RS2, send 28.8 kbps in the reverse direction with forward error correction, the higher bit rate requires a higher Eb/No to maintain the same BER after the error-correction stage at the receiver. Increased vehicle speed als