uered history when it comes to delivering interoperability. TETRA and P25 radios for example are incompatible both in terms of tech- nology (the air interface) and band allocation. TETRAPOL does not interwork with TETRA. Within the US and Europe and Asia, legacy analogue networks are still operational. Interoper- ability can often therefore only be realised by supporting multiple digital and analogue radio systems making scale economy hard to achieve. In the US, the white-space initiative (see Chapter 15) sometimes also described as super WiFi will introduce complexity and uncertainty when managing multiple radio system coexistence particularly if public-safety networks are designated as safety critical. The LTE 700 MHz public-safety networks could work completely separately from all other radio systems but from a specialist user perspective it would be sensible to have at least some interoperability with other networks. For example, public-safety rural data coverage requirements and user expectations would suggest additional infrastructure will be needed in rural areas. Conversely, public-safety bodies are unlikely to have the finance to build dense urban networks. Public safety users will expect and probably insist on broadband connectivity with the same coverage footprint as existing narrowband voice networks. Economically, this means that public-safety LTE 700 networks and commercial cellular LTE 700 networks will need to find some way of working together technically and commercially. Table 16.5 suggests the obvious starting point for the US market at least would be dualband radio capable of accessing Verizon LTE upper C band (Band 13). However, this would increase the operational pass bandwidth of the Verizon Band 13 radios by 18 MHz. This will compromise performance and add cost and weight, an unattractive option for Verizon and Verizon subscribers. 16.13 The US 800-MHz Public-Safety-Band Plan An alternative option is to produce dualband P 25/LTE or iDEN/LTE radios. In terms of band allocation, legacy APCO 