t. Voice Volume per bps Total Revenue Ratio d-t-v Data Revenue per bps (nanodollars = billionth of $) (nanodollars = billionth of $) 2.6042 0.1953 2.6042 0.1698 2.6042 0.1477 2.6042 0.1285 2.6042 0.1116 Note: Assumes voice calls are charged at $0.01/minute Voice Volume (Tbps) Data Volume (Tbps) 3.0000 Voice Volume 2.5000 per bps 2.0000 (nanodollars = billionth of $) 1.5000 Data Revenue 1.0000 per bps 0.5000 (nanodollars = billionth of $) 0.0000 All-Optical Networks than revenue on voice channels. As a simplified convergence point, in a few years every U.S. household could subscribe to a $25 per month Internet ser- vice (for an approximate yearly data revenue of $300 x 100,000,000=$3 billion), a $25 per month access line fee (for an approximate yearly access revenue of $300x100,000,000=$30 billion), a $25 per month postalized all- you-can-use long-distance voice fee (for an approximate yearly voice rev- enue of $300x100,000,000=$30 billion), a $25 per month all-you-can-use wireless fee (for an approximate yearly wireless revenue of $300 X 100,000,000 = $30 billion), and a $25 per month cable TV fee (for an ap- proximate yearly cable TV revenue of $300 X 100,000,000 = $30 billion). That amounts to $150 billion a year for residential customers. On the commercial side, some carriers see a growing demand to inter- connect OC-48/OC-192-based routers and an emerging OC-768 require- ment-demand for GbE and 10 GbE TLS services. They also see that rings are insufficient for large pipes, the interconnection of cascaded rings does not support end-to-end provisioning and management, and IP does not always need the restoration protection of rings. However, end-to-end provi- sioning is related to the availability, or lack thereof, of fiber facilities in the majority of customer buildings. Traditionally, provisioning in optical networks has required manual planning and configuration, resulting in setup times of days or even weeks. Can autoprovisioning help? Any individual who has ever worked in a pro- visioning department in a c