sending, and receiving, not for storing content or applications in provid- ers' networks. In conjunction with its review of network neutrality, the FCC is currently con- sidering classifying only the transmission, not the content or rates on the Internet, as a telecommunications service. This would allow it to regulate access to the Internet. The Issues Surrounding Network Neutrality Carriers that provide broadband and/or mobile network infrastructure are often in dis- agreement with application and content providers, such as those selling Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services and entertainment over the Internet, about network neutrality policies. These content providers compete with broadband providers such as Comcast, Verizon Communications, and AT&T Mobile for VoIP and entertainment on the Internet. Examples of competitors' sites include Hulu, Netflix, Skype, iTunes, and Pandora. Network neutrality proponents are concerned that network service providers have a monopoly or near monopoly on infrastructure and might slow down (throttle) the traffic of competitors in favor of their own customers. This would put competitive ser- vices at a disadvantage against the services offered by broadband providers and might lock consumers out of new, possibly lower-cost, offerings. This will be a problem for both content providers and their customers if there are no adequate rules and compli- ance mechanisms in place to ensure network neutrality. The major carriers, however, want to be compensated for upgrades to their net- works to accommodate increased traffic. When carriers upgrade their networks to sup- port video streaming, subscribers transmit more bits over their Internet connections. Currently, most wireline access in the United States is an "all you can eat" offering for residential customers. Thus, most of these customers pay a flat fee even when using more broadband capacity. Network providers fear they will be relegated to providers of dumb pipes without profits from potentially lucrative applications. The 