 Distributed Capacity FIGURE 3-1 Abstract view of O-RAN deployment showing points of congestion and/or oversubscription. Chapter 3 Hardware system dimensioning Consumer Internet Traffic (10 15 B/month) Cisco Visual Networking Index 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 Asia pacific North America Western Europe Middle East and Africa Latin America FIGURE 3-2 Consumer internet traffic aggregate across fixed and mobile. Cisco. Consumer Traffic per Network (1015 B/month) 300000 250000 200000 150000 Fixed Mobile 100000 50000 FIGURE 3-3 Split fixed and mobile traffic. United States government, 2 the average household size in North America (USA) is roughly 2.5 persons. Assuming the household internet traffic is consumed during a certain amount of active "Busy Hours" per day, we can project the required data rate to be supported 106 Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Systems Architecture and Design Mbps/busy hour per Household in North America FIGURE 3-4 Dimension to busy hour (fixed). (per household) by the access network, extrapolated to 5G deployment time (2020-24) as shown in Fig. 3-4: This graph assumes that for consumer/household use, the complete volume of Internet traffic is consumed during 3 "busy hours" per day. This rate projects the average required throughput during these hours. Projections are only made for North America, which is a well-understood market. Quality of Experience requires peak throughput to be much higher -assume 1 Gbps at least. A similar projection can be made for mobile traffic as well, as shown below (assuming the same 3 "busy hours" per day) in Fig. 3-5. This gives us all the data we need. We can now project dimensioning requirements for those networking components where statistical multiplexing is valid, those locations where we are dealing with traffic averages over large amounts of users and a wide geographical area. User data rate dimensioning In the previous chapter, we showed how to use a top-down approach to dimension Radio Access Network (RAN) requirements, where the inidiv