 telecommunication bubble end in 2001 to the present time can be called the second Internet revolution, dominated by the penetration of ADSL broadband access, by the launch of a certain number of new broadband services, and by the global nature of the telecommunication market. The progressive penetration of ADSL broadband access has increased the number of users that are able to use advanced Internet services as broadcast and on-demand video services. This situation is depicted in Figure 2.3 [10], where the broadband access penetra- tion in various countries in 2005 is shown via a ball graph, referred to as the case of maxi- mum penetration (the United States with about 49 million broadband lines). Since this is a 2005 data collection, the considered broadband lines are almost all ADSL lines. From the graph it can be derived, as an example of globalization, that the broadband lines in China were almost 80% with respect to the United States (i.e., about 40 million), Telecommunication Networks Broadband lines penetration (average connections per 100 inhabitants) Developed Developing World FIGURE 2.3 Increase of the average broadband lines penetration versus time for developed countries (e.g. USA, Germany, Japan) and for countries under development (e.g. India). (After Public ITU-T report Measuring the Information Society. The ICT Development Index 2009, ITU-T publishing, 2009.) while in Italy, there were about 6.5 million broadband lines (13% with respect to the United States) out of a total of about 20 million access lines. In spite of this very good penetration of broadband lines, there is not yet the desired increase in ARPU. As a matter of fact, prices of telecommunication services have experi- enced a great decrease in the last 10 years, and the introduction of new broadband services was not always sufficient to counterbalance it. As a result, the revenues of telecommunica- tion carriers did not experience the desired increase [11]. Much more effective in pushing the carrier revenues was the introduction of mo