 simulations over Ndrops (number of drops), where each drop results in certain rate denoted as R 1 (T), subsequently where SE avg is the estimated average spectral efficiency that approaches the actual average value with increasing number of drops, and R(n) (T) is the total number of correctly received bits by the ith user in the nth drop. The average spectral efficiency is evaluated through system-level simulations using the evaluation configuration parameters of Indoor Hotspot- eMBB, Dense Urban-eMBB, and Rural-eMBB test environments defined in references [9,10] while the temporal and spectral resources consumed by layers 1 and 2 overhead are taken into consideration. Examples of layer 1 overhead include the time/frequency resources used by synchronization signals, guard band and DC subcarriers, guard intervals or switch- ing times, reference signals, and cyclic prefixes. Example layer 2 overheads include time/ frequency resources utilized to carry common control channels, HARQ ACK/NACK signal- ing, CSI/CQI feedback, random access channel, payload headers, and CRC. Power alloca- tion and/or boosting should also be accounted for in modeling resource allocation for control channels. 5th Percentile User Spectral Efficiency: This is the 5% point of the cumulative distribution function (CDF)¹ of the normalized user throughput, calculated at all possible user loca- tions. Let's assume that the ith user in the nth drop can correctly decode R{n (T) accumu- lated bits in the time interval [1,T]. For the non-scheduled duration of user i, zero bits are accumulated. During this total time, user i receives accumulated service time of < T, where the service time is the time duration between the first packet arrival and when the TRP is defined as physical node, located at a specific geographical location within a cell, with an antenna array that consists of one or more antenna elements that are available for the network operation. The distribution function D(x), also called the CDF or cumulative distribution function, describ