103 Gluon Networks 162 Northern Telecom (Nortel Networks), 14, Goeken, William, 20 28, 40, 81 Gray, Elisha, 2 Northpoint Communications, 136 Greene, Judge Harold, 29, 30 NSFnet, 58, 65 Grubman, Jack, 172 GSM, 101, 108 Odlyczko, Andrew, 72 GTE Corp., 19, 36, 42, 44, 73, 88, 157 Open System Interconnection (OSI), 62 Harris Corp., 14 PacWest Telecomm Inc., 153 HarvardNet, 138 Powell, Michael, 118, 139, 163 Heathkit, 12 Project Oxygen, 94 Heavyside, Oliver, 3 Pupin, Michael, 3 Hushaphone, 7 Qualcomm Corp., 102, 103, 105 IBM Corp., 59, 61 Qwest Corp., 87, 174 Icahn, Carl, 93 IDT Corp. , 120 Radio common carriers (RCCs), 98 Improved Mobile Telephone System (IMTS), Rate caps, 52 RCN Corp., 129 IMT-2000, 105 Reciprocal compensation, 119, 157 InteCom, 16 Residual pricing, 113 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Rhythms NetConnections, 136 40, 46, 49 Rochester Telephone, 146 Ionica, 121 ROLM Corp., 14 Roncalio, Teno, 29 Kellogg Switchboard and Supply, 3 Kiewit, Peter's Sons, 89, 115 Satellite Business Systems (SBS), 114 Kingsbury, Nathan, 4 SBC Corp. (Southwestern Bell), 161 Separations and Settlements, 32 Level3 Communications Inc., 89 Siemens, 28, 42, 161 Local Access and Transport Area (LATA), 35 Signaling System 7, 38 Local Digital Distribution Corp., 122 Smith V. Illinois Bell, 6 Local number portability (LNP), 155 SONET (Synchronous Optical Networks), Lucent Technologies , 81, 120, 156, 159, Sonus Networks Inc., 161 Southern Pacific, 21 Mackay, Charles, 77 Special access, 112 Index Sprint Corp., 36, 74, 95, 137, 148 Vail, Theodore, 10 Strowger, Almon, 5 Van Deerlin, Lionel, 29 Switched access, 112 Verizon Communications Inc., 90, 95, 138 Systems Network Architecture (SNA), 61 Vitts Networks, 137 Voice over IP, 160 T1 transmission system, 13, 43 TCP/IP, 48, 58 WATS, 23 Teleport Communications Group, 85 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), Teletype Corp., 28 Telex, 7 Wescom Switching, 14 Telica Inc., 161 Western Electric, 2, 3, 5, 14, 40 Teligent, 76, 120 Western Union, 2, 114, 121 TELPAK, 8 Winstar, 120 TEL