rent networks. The heterogeneity and complexity in NGN, includ- ing concepts like fixed mobile convergence, will bring a number of challenges to network management. Various standardizing bodies are coming up with specifi- cations for NGNM to address these challenges. This chapter is intended to shift the focus from simple network management concepts to next generation network management. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS The high degree of complexity accompanying the network technology neces- sitates network management systems (NMS) that can utilize this technology to pro- vide more service interfaces while hiding the inherent complexity. As operators begin to add new networks and expand existing networks to support new technologies and products, the necessity of scalable, flexible, self-manageable, and functionally rich NMS systems arises. Another important factor influencing network management is mergers and acquisitions among the key vendors. Ease of integration is a key impedi- ment in the traditional hierarchical NMS framework. These requirements trigger the need for a framework that will address the NGNM issues. This chapter will discuss the NGNM concepts in the TR133 TMF document and M.3060 ITU-T document. TeleManagement Forum (TMF) has published a member evaluation version of NGNM strategies (TR133) that considers the chal- lenges involved in the development of an NMS system for a multiservice, heteroge- neous network environment. TMF has created an NGNM lifecycle comprising of business, system/architecture, implementation, and deployment stages to explain the concepts and ITU-T document M.3060 covers NGNM architecture as four different architecture views, namely the business process view, management func- tional view, management information view, and management physical view. Other standardizing bodies like 3GPP, OASIS, and ETSI/TISPAN are also participating in defining standards for NGN and management of NGN. Next generation man- agement solutions are intended for multitechnology (CDMA, IMS, WiMax, e