t by cellular operators on PCS, WCS and most recently AWS spectrum. This incongruity has allowed the satellite operators to refinance and revalue. The FCC ruling to allow ATC terrestrial repeaters has substantially helped in this revaluation process. The regulatory intention is to encourage investment in satellite spectrum that has remained fallow for over ten years. Some US cellular operators might be minded to question whether this is in retrospect or prospect an equitable arrangement. Table 16.13 shows the IMT S Band cellular and satellite allocations in Europe. 16.39 L Band, S Band, C Band, K Band and V Band Hybrids The available radio frequency spectrum carries on beyond Ka band into V band, the millimetric band between 30 and 300 GHz. These are shown in Table 16.14 with a summary of allocations at lower frequencies. Table 16.13 IMT S Band allocations Standard T-UMTS S-UMTS T-UMTS S-UMTS Frequency Operational bandwidth, MHz ICO MEO ICO MEO Frequency MHz 1997.5 2187.5 Operational bandwidth MHz Making Telecoms Work Table 16.14 ITU frequency bands including V Band GPS and V Band S DAB L Band Galileo S Band C Band (Millimetric) 235 400 1518 1675 1575.42 1.97 to 2.69 3.4 to 30 to 300 7.025 to 30 Military TV and Civilian Positioning Cellular and TV, radio and data Military mobile radio mobile broadcasting broadcast mobile These V band networks are ambitious satellite-based bidirectional broadband communi- cation projects and include an advanced global EHF satellite hybrid MEO GSO network18 providing broadband connectivity for US Stealth Bomber aircraft. This network is being implemented between 36.1 and 51.4 GHz and is a dual constellation hybrid combining a MEO constellation for low latency exchanges with a constellation of geostationary satellites for less latency-sensitive uploading/downloading. Participation in these major military projects allows US vendors in particular to amortise engineering investments that can be translated to civilian applications. The EHF project sug- gests that future commercial netwo