 number of machine-to-machine devices that will be interconnected by then). This does not mean that everyone will have a cellular phone but is a reflection of the growth of multiple device ownership in developed economies. Cellular phones also need cellular networks or more specifically access to information networks in order to be useful. However, achieving 100% penetration demonstrates that we have the industrial ability to provide a cellular phone to every human being on the planet and the ICT ability to deliver socially and economically useful personal and individual services to those phones. This industrial and ICT capability is not concentrated in a single country or continent but spread across Europe, Greater Asia, the US and South America, a globally distributed deployment resource. China for example has very successfully leveraged its local market both to build home-grown vendors and attract inward intellectual investment in joint R and D programmes. Huawei in 2011, a company few people outside China had heard of ten years Making Telecoms Work before, had a turnover of $28 billion, employed 110 000 people, half of them in R and D and had 5000 staff in Europe. The cost and energy efficiency of deployment will be dependent not only on the capability and resources of these newer vendors and their older competitors but also on how well these services are integrated with copper, cable, fibre and other wireless delivery systems and the best social and economic returns may be from narrowband rather than broadband investment but without a doubt the modern world has sufficient technology and engineering and financial resource to connect the unconnected provided we have the political will to do it. 12.11.2 The Dawn of a New Age of Enlightenment? Developed nations have visibility to a plausible model for providing affordable and sustain- able informational, educational and economic connectivity to the survival economies of the emerging world, delivered physically side by side with water and power connectivity - a l