lephone), 145, 146 Quality, network, 19 preforms, 397-398 Quality of Experience, 109 premises technologies, 244 Quality of Service (see QoS) computers, 244-256 quantization (voice digitization), 201, LANs, 256-268 202-204 multimedia, 269-279 quantizing noise, 204 Presentation Layer (OSI model), 60, Qwest, 140, 454, 456 67-87 compression, 70-72, 79-87 image coding, 72-79 MPEG, 79-87 primary colors, 70-72 radio, 310-315, 336-337 Primary Rate Interface (PRI), 287-291 Radio Bureau, 9-10 progressive scan, 277 radio common carriers (RCCs), 313, 316 protector block, 148 Radio Communication Sector (RCS), 6 Protocol Data Unit (PDU), 89 radio frequency identification (RFID), protocols, 3 337-344 architectures of, 45-49 radio frequency interference (RFI), 300 ATM, 382-387 radiotelephone systems, 314 and data communications, 44-45 (See Raman amplification, 411 also data communications) RAND Corporation, 36 Data Link Layer, 118-119 random access memory (RAM), 247, 248 defined, 3, 44, 45 Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line forms of, 45 (RADSL), 292, 297 logical layering, 52-57 Rayleigh Scattering, 400, 403 OSI model, 55-57, 59-62 Raytheon Corporation, 348 routing, 105-112 RCA (Radio Corporation of America), Transport Layer, 93-94 271, 312 (See also OSI model; specific protocols) Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP), Proximity Systems, 289 216-217 public switched telephone network receivers, optical, 412-413 (PTSN), 16 recognized private operating agencies Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), (RPOAs), 10 201-204 Regenerator Section (RSOH), 195-196 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), 201-205 regenerators, 299, 408-409 Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), 137, 140, 454 registers, computer, 246 regulation, 226-240 Q.931, 13 and 56 kbps modems, 284 QoS (Quality of Service), 109 for DSL, 236 for ATM, 379, 380 ILECs vs. CLECs. 228-233 in frame relay, 376-377 recent decisions, 234-240 Index repeaters, 299 secret-key cryptography, 86 residence market, 235-236 Section Overhead, 181, 183 residential markets, 229 sectors (hard drive), 249-250