the network and control of the network elements, as well as its overall behaviour, supporting the fulfilment of the business plan targets. Among the targets are conditions set and agreed between end users and the operator for service provisioning, activation of the required services and billing. The traffic system in this chapter is of course identical to the system that is described in Chapters 9 to 15. However, there is greater focus on revenue, OPEX, CAPEX, processes, customer care, etc. Such aspects are already partly discussed in Chapter 9. The main network parts covered are access, terminals and service network management. The extremely important user perception interface that is dealt with in Chapters 5 to is also the same, but here the focus is on for example service configuration, management of QoS and security. See Figure 16.2. In relation to the content of Chapters 2 to 4 the focus moves to a process focus, the technique of the traffic system moves to the technique of the management system with all its enablers, and the telecom business focus moves from 'SIP' (strategy, infrastructure and product, see Chapter 4) in Chapter 4 to operations in Chapter 16 with a retained ROCE focus. Telecom business Billing Charging info Services, QoS, security management Service layer FCAPS Processes Control Business Traffic system management Service management Traffic resources Network management Element management M = Management system Figure 16.2 The focus moves to a management system and management processes Telecom Management - Operations Chapter 8 covers fundamental plans, as do Chapter 5 (charging), Chapter 6 (security) and Chapter 7 (QoS). Since fundamental plans are in general more end-to-end oriented than network segments, they are even more crucial for the end-to-end behaviour. However, there is no explicit coverage in this chapter of the management of the plans in Chapter 8, such as numbering and signalling. Like other subjects telecom management - operations is treated at an overview level in this book. The 