 my international students at Northeastern University told the class a chilling incident about how his government monitors the postings of students on social networks from half-way around the globe. One of his friends criticized his country on Facebook while he attended college in the United States. When he went home for a visit, he was arrested at the airport on the basis of these critical remarks. His family has had no information about him since his arrest, and fear that he has been executed. This experience and others like it illustrate the ominous ability of governments to monitor online messages. However, monitoring behavior on the Internet is an important tool in foiling secu- rity breaches that threaten business continuity, national defense, the viability of critical networks, the water supply, and the electric grid. A serious attack on strategic resources has the potential to cripple countries and cause widespread harm. Another example of monitoring behavior online is when companies track an indi- vidual's browsing activities. For example, when consumers download apps (applica- tions), browse the Internet, or fill out surveys, companies often collect information, such as age, address, educational level, and gender. Internet companies sell the data, sometimes without obtaining consumers' consent, to marketing companies that use the information to develop advertising strategies that target particular population seg- ments. This results in the loss of consumer control over how their personal information is used. Preface xxiii Internet and wireless services have enabled changes in the ways consumers and enterprises access and store programs and files. In an effort to save staffing and opera- tional costs, enterprises are using cloud computing. With cloud computing, applica- tions such as e-mail, human resources, sales force automation, and accounts receivable are managed at a provider's data centers over the Internet. Residential consumers have also embraced cloud computing and use it to store and play music