nk shared channel PHICH physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel PRACH physical random access channel physical resource block PUCCH physical uplink control channel PUSCH physical uplink shared channel quality of service resource block group resource element repetition factor reference signal signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio signal-to-interference ratio sounding reference symbol time alignment transmission time interval user equipment uplink UL-SCH uplink shared channel virtual resource block © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Chapter 6 Single-Carrier Transmission for UTRA LTE Uplink Basuki E. Priyanto and Troels B. Sorensen Contents Introduction LTE Uplink Numerology Radio Access Techniques Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Evaluation Link-Level Model Impact of Link Adaptation Impact of Fast HARQ. Antenna Configuration Impact of Frequency Allocation Channel Estimation 6.10.1 Frequency-Domain Channel Estimation 6.10.2 Time-Domain Channel Estimation SC-FDMA with Turbo Equalization Impact of Nonlinear Power Amplifier Summary References © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio and Cellular Technology Introduction Uplink transmission in the long term evolution (LTE) of the UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) terrestrial radio access system (UTRA LTE) has numerous physical layer advances in comparison to UTRA WCDMA (wide- band code division multiple access), mainly to achieve two to three times better spectral efficiency. These advances include flexible channel bandwidth up to 20 MHz, flexible user resource allocation in both time and frequency domains, and a shorter time transmission interval (TTI) of 1 ms. Specifically challenging for the uplink is that these enhancements are to be achieved, preferably, with reduced power consumption to extend the battery life and cell coverage. The radio access technique is one of the key issues in the LTE uplink air interface. In LTE, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) has been selected as the multiple access scheme