used in North America and Europe as well. However, there are many challenges, including the mainland Chinese government's ambivalence about the Western model of a market economy, that remain to be faced both for deployment across the Asian continent and for mainland Chinese participation in the world cellular industry. 49.1.4 Japan and Korea Japan and Korea have the most advanced digital cellular networks in the world. Some recent interesting developments include The first deployment of cdma2000 1x EV DO in Korea. The popularity of short message service (SMS)-based text messaging in Japan and the new ways of using cellular phones it is introducing, which we will discuss further in the next section. The use of CDMA-based phones that accept GSM-type user ID cards for international op- erability. These phones were rented to customers from Japan attending the World Cup Soccer Finals in 2002. Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. CDMA Now and in the Future CDMA Now and in the Future The popularity of the cellular phone with built-in digital camera that helped Japan's sec- ond largest cellular provider add a million users to its 3G network in 3 months. Success in new ways of using technology in Japan is not necessarily a harbinger of worldwide success. There are two major reasons for this. The first is that Japanese cul- ture remains much more tightly knit than the culture of other first-world nations. In all consumer industries in Japan, fads grow very quickly, and people are willing to pay a lot of money to join the trend. Thus, catching a fad can pay for a significant invest- ment in technology in a small nation to a much greater degree than would be true in geographically larger nation with a higher cost for national deployment and a more cul- turally diverse population. Secondly, quality, that which is seen as being of value, depend