 a joint venture with France Telecom in 2010 to operate its mobile services under a new brand, Everything Every- where in the United Kingdom. Everything Everywhere is the largest mobile provider in the United Kingdom. The consolidation has enabled the joint venture to operate far Europe fewer base stations than the two organizations operated separately. France Telecom and Deutsche Telekom have also announced a joint venture to share 3G networks in rural areas in Austria. They are exploring additional ways to cooperate, such as part- nering for the acquisition of 4G spectrum. France Telecom SA France Telecom's mobile brand is Orange SA. Orange sells mobile services in 12 European countries including the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and France. It is the third largest mobile provider in Europe. It has mobile customers in an additional 23 countries in Africa. It also offers fixed services to business and residential customers and owns undersea cable facilities. The French government owns about 27 percent of France Telecom. France Telecom sold its Swiss unit in 2012 and has put its minority stakes in Orange Austria and Sonaecom Portugal up for sale to focus its resources in the Middle East and Africa. In 2010 it purchased a stake in a mobile carrier in Morocco and in 2011 in one in Iraq. Telenor Group Norwegian phone company Telenor sells telecommunications equipment and voice and data services in addition to mobile services. Beyond its offerings in Norway and Sweden, it sells services in Denmark, Ukraine, Hungary, Thailand, Malaysia, Bangla- desh, and Pakistan. It also has a minority ownership in Russian carrier Vimplecom. The Russian Federation The Russian Federation, more commonly referred to as simply Russia, is almost dou- ble (1.8 times as large) the geographic size of the United States and is the largest country in the world by landmass and the ninth largest in population. However, 90 percent of the population is concentrated in cities in the Western and Southwestern European regions. As shown in Figure 8-3, o