 refer to OTT VoIP (e.g. zero rating Viber or WhatsApp in mobile networks), social networking (e.g. Facebook), or video streaming (e.g. zero rating Netflix or YouTube). The lower data cap (Internet traf- fic allowance for a given user in a given period) is likely to result in stronger influence of price differentiation. Additionally, such price differentiation between individual appli- cations which belong to a same type or category (e.g. zero rating for one video streaming site only, and regular charging or counting in the data cap for all others) has an impact on competition between service providers that offer that type of service (in this example, video streaming). Price differentiation is generally not forbidden (or not allowed) every- where and in every case. However, the goal is to continue functioning of the Internet application ecosystems as an engine of innovation on the basis of network neutrality, which may be jeopardized by price differentiation of OTT applications. On the other side, practices which apply a higher price to the data from a specific application or group of applications are likely to impose restriction of choice on the end-user (the price on average influences user choice) [7]. Additionally, price differentiation of different appli- cations offered through the IAS (i.e. over the public Internet) may discourage innovation of applications and services. 8 Network Neutrality Network Neutrality Business Aspects Considering IAS market developments, there is continuous growth of Internet traf- fic in both fixed and mobile networks. However, the growth in fixed Internet traffic is driven more by the increasing volumes of Internet traffic by each user rather than due to an increase in the total number of fixed broadband users. In many developing countries penetration of fixed broadband is very low. In all countries user penetration of mobile broadband is higher than fixed broadband. But most of the Internet traffic (about two-thirds of total traffic, according to Figure 7.2 in Chapter 7 of this