will be inherently less sensitive than single-band narrowband radios. Specialist mobile radio networks have to support fewer bands, often in the past only one, and have much narrower operational bandwidths and channel spacing. Narrow channel spacing allows for a narrowband IF. A narrow operational band allows for high-Q filters and a highly efficient transmit and receive chain. This means that sensitivity and selectivity and transmit and receive efficiency are generally better than wider-band devices. As a result, voice coverage in specialist radio networks is likely to be better, particularly in rural areas or for deep inbuilding penetration. The IP voice used in LTE networks introduces additional packet header overheads that have to be taken out with a compression algorithm. Extracting a 12-kbps voice stream from a wideband 20-MHz channel is also computationally expensive. The computational overheads and compression clock cycles will also introduce delay overhead that would be better avoided if press to talk/press to connect needs to be supported. Talk groups and back-to-back working will also be needed, which will require additional standards work. For applications where high peak data rates are needed, LTE will provide peak data rates that specialist radio networks will find it impossible or at least difficult to match. For voice and text applications, or where average data rates are more important than peak data rates, for example in larger cells, narrowband networks will provide better voice quality and coverage and probably a longer data duty cycle. LTE could compete on coverage and building penetration if the voice or data traffic was heavily error protected, but this will compromise spectral efficiency. If the bandwidth is inexpensive this does not matter. If the bandwidth is expensive, it matters a lot. Heavy error protection will also reduce TX and RX efficiency, which will compromise the user data duty cycle. This does not matter if the user is attached to a vehicle power supply. It does matter if the