First-generation wireless (1G), 581-586 FEC (forward error correction), radio transmis- First-in, first-out (FIFO) queuing, 296, 441 sion, 574-575 Fixed jitter buffers, 326 FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class), 447, 603 Fixed-reception digital broadcasting standards, FECN (forward explicit congestion notification), 223-224 Fixed satellite services (FSS), 62 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 12 Flarion Technologies, 632-634 FFD (full-function device), ZigBee, 671-672 Flash-OFDM (Fast Low-Latency Access with FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) Seamless Handoff OFDM), 632-634 802.11 using, 642 Flat networks, 194 military history of, 569 FLO Forum, 710 overview of, 570-571 FLO (Forward Link Only), 710 Fiber Distributed Data Interface. See FDDI (Fiber FM/AM radio tuners, on mobile phones, 689 Distributed Data Interface) FOD (free-on-demand), 522 Fiber in the backbone, 510 Foliage, and radio signals, 555 Fiber optics, 73-81. See also Optical networking FOMA (Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access), advantages/disadvantages of, 79-81 applications of, 78-79 Footprints, satellite, 62 bandwidth and, 17 Foreign agent, Mobile IP, 694-695 broadband media options for, 490 Foreign exchange (FX) lines, 109-110 Index Forward error correction (FEC), radio transmis- Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), 575, 601 sion, 574-575 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC), 447, 603 566-567 Four-pair, 5 Frequency Division Multiplexing. See FDM (Fre- Four-wire circuits, 5-7 quency Division Multiplexing) Fourth-generation (4G) wireless Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum. See FHSS defined, 581 (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) MeshCube, 656 Frequency-modulated devices, 14 wireless broadband, 612-615 Frequency spectrum FPLMTS (Future Public Land Mobile Telecommu- of coaxial cable, 52 nications System), 599 of satellites, 63-65 FQ (Fair Queuing), 296-297 of twisted-pair, 51 FQDN (fully qualified domain name), 339-340 Front-end processor, 146 Fractional services, 16, 207 FSO (Free Space Optics), 636-637 F