 in 3GPP to highlight the significant increase in capabilities compared to earlier LTE releases. There is LTE Small Cell Optimization: 3GPP Evolution to Release 13, First Edition. Edited by Harri Holma, Antti Toskala and Jussi Reunanen. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. LTE Small Cell Optimization going to be a demand for higher capability due to increased traffic as well as addressing better different use cases from the traditional mobile broadband use cases, reaching to areas such as machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. The existing Release 13 items are presented in Figure 17.1. Some of the items in the table for Release 13 are rather large and potential and some of the aspects from the on-going study items are likely to materialize (at least part of them) only Release 14 work item. Further there are several items that have been raised but not considered as urgent due to the work load or other reasons in TSG RAN domain. The following items are envisaged for Release 14 LTE-Advanced further evolution work, expected to start in the 1H/2016, while some of the items may still end up being reflected in Release 13: Enhancements for LTE-Unlicensed (LAA for LTE). While Release 13 work is already on- going as described in Chapter 11, there is a clear need to add further functionality in Release 14, especially for the area of uplink operation with LTE-Unlicensed with the Release 13 covering the basic functionality in downlink side and necessary co-existence methods with Wi-Fi. LTE-WLAN carrier aggregation is being specified for Release 13, with the work item started in March 2015. Thus it is unlikely that all items desired to the specified will be completed by the end of 2015. Improvement for eMBMS has been done over several releases; still there are items not addressed SO far, such as support for dedicated eMBMS carrier that would be beneficial if moving more of the broadcast type of service to be carrier on top of eMBMS. Addressing requirements for 5G, as addressed in the next s