tion such as guard band and frequency band division. The radio planner also needs information on the radio access system and the antenna system performance associated with it. The pre-planning process results in theoretical coverage and capacity plans. There are coverage-driven areas and capacity-driven areas in a given network region. The average cell capacity requirement per service area is estimated for each phase of network design, to identify the cut-over phase where network design will change from a coverage-driven to a capacity-driven process. While the objective of coverage planning in the coverage-driven areas is to find the minimum number of sites for producing the required coverage, radio planners often have to experiment with both coverage and capacity, as the capacity require- ments may have to increase the number of sites, resulting in a more effective frequency usage and minimal interference. Candidate sites are then searched for, and one of these is selected based on the inputs from the transmission planning and installation engineers. Civil engineers are also needed to do a feasibility study of constructing the base station at that site. After site selection, assignment of the frequency channel for each cell is done in a manner that causes minimal interference and maintains the desired quality. Frequency allocation is based on the cell-to-cell channel to interference (C/I) ratio. The frequency plans need to be fine-tuned based on drive test results and network management statistics. Parameter plans are drawn up for each of the cell sites. There is a parameter set for each cell that is used for network launch and expansion. This set may include cell service area definitions, channel configurations, handover and power control, adjacency definitions, and network-specific parameters. The final radio plan consists of the coverage plans, capacity estimations, interference plans, power budget calculations, parameter set plans, frequency plans, etc. 2.2.1 Radio Cell and Wave Propagation Coverage in a cel