3 Latency, 247 Link Budgets, 257 Coverage for Sub-6-GHz Band, 262 Massive MIMO and Beamforming Algorithms, 269 Packet Scheduling Algorithms, 280 Spectral Efficiency and Capacity, 286 Network Energy Efficiency, 291 Traffic and Device Density, 294 Ultra-Reliability for Mission-Critical Communication, 296 Mobility and High-Speed Trains, 299 Summary, 302 References, 302 10.1 Introduction This chapter considers 5G technology from the performance point of view by illustrat- ing 5G network capabilities to the operators and to the end users in terms of data rates, capacity, coverage, energy efficiency, connectivity, and latency. 5G networks need to ful- fill a number of new performance targets since they target diverse use cases that can be categorized into three different areas: Extreme mobile broadband for high data rates and capacity for smartphones, tablets, and laptops. That is the traditional use case of mobile broadband networks. Massive Internet of Things (IoT) communication for tens of billions of connected devices like sensors and control units. This use case requires low-cost devices with low power consumption and high connectivity capacity. 5G Technology: 3GPP New Radio, First Edition. Edited by Harri Holma, Antti Toskala, and Takehiro Nakamura. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 10 5G Performance Table 10.1 End user performance targets. User data rate Indoor: 1 Gbps downlink and 0.5 Gbps uplink Dense area: 300 Mbps downlink and 150 Mbps uplink Crowd: 25 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink Everywhere: 50 Mbps downlink and 25 Mbps uplink Ultra-low-cost broadband: 10 Mbps downlink and 10 Mbps uplink Airplanes: 15 Mbps downlink and 7.5 Mbps uplink End-to-end 1 ms in low latency case latency 10 ms in most cases 50 ms in ultra-low-cost Mobile speed Airplanes 1000 km/h Mobile and ultra-reliable cases 500 km/h Typical cases up to 120 km/h Indoor and crowd 3 km/h Critical communication for remote controlling of machines or even cars. This use case requires extreme reliability and low 