obile WiMAX services, 339 communications server as application on LAN, 78 TD-LTE service, 340 community forums, online, 290 CLECs (competitive local exchange carriers), town e-mail lists, 291 145-148 wikis, 292 cloud computing, 4, 25-35, 44 competition computing as a utility, 32 access to incumbent's facilities, court rulings content services, 270 on, 126 evolution of, 26 cable operators versus over-the-top competi- fees, 28 tors, 282 IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), 31 impact of higher leasing rates on competitors, independent telephone companies in, 149 link between cloud and customers, 27 non-traditional competitors, 150-161 moving applications between providers and Amazon, 154-156 the cloud, 33 Apple, 156-157 non-profit's experience with the cloud, 67 Google, 151-154 outsourcing to cloud providers, 52 Microsoft, 158 for residential and small business consumers, Netflix, 159-161 types of companies competing in telecommu- SaaS (Software as a Service), 29 nications, 133 service for virtualization and WLAN manage- competitive carriers, 145 ment, 370 sampling of mergers, 146-148 similarity to managed services, 236 compression, 5, 14-17, 21 subsets of, 29 advances in, 17 telephone companies' push into, 133 commonly used protocols, 15 virtualization and, 36 standards and descriptions, 46 cloud isolation technology, 35 standards in VoIP, 101 CloudSwitch, Inc., 34 TV on the Internet, 16 CMTSs (Cable Modem Termination Systems), 202 voice, 75 CNAs (Converged Network Adapters), 60 computer equipment, quality available to users, coaxial cable, 57 capacity on, 203 computing as a utility, 32 hybrid fiber/coaxial cable, 195 conferencing on PON networks, 197 operating services over data networks, 227 Index conferencing (Contd.) T1 over, 248 UC system capabilities, 89 UTP, improvements in, 38 VoIP over broadband services, 219 cordless services, 309 Connect America Fund, 121, 122, 123 core, aggregation routers, 269 connectionless networks, 230 core networks, 167, 168-171 connectors for fiber cabling, 43 convergence in, 174-1