R bearer. Each Access Point Name (APN) access by a UE is associated with per APN Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (APN-AMBR). An APN identifies an IP packet data network with which a mobile data user wishes to communicate. In addition to identifying a PDN, an APN may also be used to define the type of service. Each UE in EPS Mobility Management (EMM)-REGISTERED state is associated with per UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate (UE-AMBR). The GBR denotes bit rate of traffic per bearer, while UE-AMBR/APN-AMBR denotes bit rate of traffic per group of bearers. Each of those QoS parameters has an uplink and a downlink component. APPENDIX A: PROPORTIONAL FAIR SCHEDULING ALGORITHM The Proportional Fair Scheduling algorithm calculates a metric for all active users for a given scheduling interval. The user with the highest metric is allocated the resource available in the given interval, the metrics for all users are updated before the next scheduling interval, and the process repeats. To adapt this simple algorithm for OFDMA systems, the definition of scheduling interval and scheduling resource are extended to encompass a two-dimensional OFDMA time-frequency resource. Furthermore, the Proportional Fair Scheduling algorithm only applies to full-buffer traffic model and time-frequency zones which use a distributed subcarrier permutation. For OFDMA systems, the scheduling interval is typically a radio frame and multiple users may be allocated in the same frame. Thus, some modifications can be made to the Proportional Fair Sched- uling algorithm including (1) frames are equally-partitioned into regular, fixed scheduling resources that are scheduled sequentially until all available resources are assigned; (2) the metric is updated after scheduling each partition. Note that the number of resources ultimately allocated to a user depends on the metric update process, and does not preclude a single user from obtaining multiple or all the resources in a frame. For system simulations with an assumption of fixed overhead allowing for up to Nparti