nage- ment information. Have management segregation between the service and transport layers, ensuring there will not be any dependency for service management on a spe- cific form of transport. Management capability available to authorized users any time and any place. Management capability to ensure that customers can personalize their service as well as create new services using the services offered on NGN. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS Enterprise management OSFs Market, product and customer OSFs NGN service management OSFs NGN service stratum NGN transport stratum Service resource Transport resource management OSFs management OSFs Service element Service element management OSFs management OSFs Service element Transport element function function Figure Simplified logical layered architecture. (Based ITU-T documentation.) Management capability that can offer end-user service improvements and ability to implement customer self-care strategies. Management solution to support eBusiness value networks based in concept to roles like customer, service provider, supplier, and SO on. Management layer should form an abstraction layer in hiding the complex- ity of technologies and domains in the resource layer made up of network, computing resources, and application. Have support for different forms of billing process, where the account- ing layer in the management solution can do both offline and online charging. The management solution should be an autonomic computing environment where bug fixing can be handled with minimal manual intervention. The management solution should be able to do dynamic end-to-end provi- sioning. This means that when the operators request for activation of service, the management solution should provision the service, provision the network, and configure the individual network elements to offer the specific service to be activated and start billing for the activated service. A standard-based management platform that is not tied to a specific organiza- tion, technology, or domain. An eve