accessed 23 August 2015. [13] http://broadbandnow.com/Comcast,accessed 23 August 2015. [14] http://cmcsk.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=781496, accessed 23 August 2015. [15] http://www.cnet.com/news/netflixs-hastings-makes-the-case-for-net-neutrality/ accessed 23 August 2015. [16] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singlemode_fibre_structure.svg,accessed 23 August 2015. [17] ITU. ITU-T G.694.1 Standard Specification: Spectral Grids for WDM Applications: DWDM Frequency Grid. [18] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FTTX.svg, accessed 23 August 2015. Terrestrial Broadband Wireless Telecommunications Preview Questions How can a limited frequency resource be shared by a large subscriber base? What has characterised 1G 2G 3G 4G transitions? What is the role of a base station in a packet-switched network How do multiple mobile users connect to a base station using OFDMA? How does MIMO technology work? Learning Objectives Characteristics of terrestrial wireless channels Frequencies allocated for broadband services and reusing of this spectrum Multiple access systems Different generation of mobile communications standards Circuit and packet switching in wireless networks Historical Note Whereas wireline communications followed the invention of electricity by Alessandro Volta, wireless communications are based on the discoveries of a number of scientists including Hans Christian Orsted, Michael Faraday, James Maxwell, and Heinrich Hertz Broadband Telecommunications Technologies and Management, First Edition. Riaz Esmailzadeh. C 2016 Riaz Esmailzadeh. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/BTTM Broadband Telecommunications Technologies and Management (pictured)¹ on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the air. In particular Hertz' experiments, first reported in 1888, with equipment to generate, transmit and receive electromagnetic waves were essential to the invention of radio telegraphy in the late 19th century. He developed a device to produce an electromagnetic wav