d Production Project Manager: Prasanna Kalyanaraman Working together Cover Designer: Christian Bilbow to grow libraries in ELSEVIER Book Aid International developing countries Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India www.elsevier.com www.bookaid.org Contents About the authors Preface Acronyms Open radio access network overview The Open Radio Access Networks Alliance On C-RAN, Open vRAN, OpenRAN, xRAN, and Telecommunications Infrastructure Project Spectrum: enabling 5G Traditional base station architectures 5G base station architectures Functional splits Coordinated Multipoint A real-life example: enterprise 5G networking Summary and conclusions References Further reading System components, requirements, and interfaces Next-Generation Radio Access Network overview and terminology Central unit Distributed unit Radio unit Contents Distributed unit/radio unit interface, Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface protocol overview Initial access 802.1CM Fronthaul gateway Cell site router/gateway Form factor, environmental and power requirements ASN.1 DiffServ References Hardware system dimensioning Centralized/distributed unit use-case dimensioning for throughput Use-case dimensioning for latency Users/transmission time interval eCPRI, fronthaul bandwidth and latency Distributed unit internal IO Memory dimensioning HARQ process count dimensioning Radio unit References Further reading Hardware architecture choices Scalability Development cycle Data center architecture Cell site integrated (CU/DU) solutions Radio unit Integrated small cell Contents Multicore central processing unit selection criteria PCIe performance References System software Operating system Networking stacks Functional application platform interface Security aspects References Further reading User-plane application components GTP Protocol PDCP protocol RLC Protocol MAC protocol eCPRI protocol overview Low physical layer Digital front-end References Further reading Wireless scheduling and Quality of Service optimization techniques Orthogonal frequency divis