oped with the aim of offering high speed data and multimedia connectivity to subscribers. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) under the initiative IMT-2000 has defined 3G systems as being capable of supporting high speed data ranges of 144 kbps to greater than 2 Mbps. A few technologies are able to fulfil the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) standards, such as CDMA, UMTS and some variation of GSM such as EDGE. 1.4.1 CDMA2000 CDMA2000 has variants such as 1X, 1XEV-DO, 1XEV-DV and 3X. The 1XEV specification was devel- oped by the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), a partnership consisting of five telecom- munications standards bodies: CWTS in China, ARIB and TTC in Japan, TTA in Korea and TIA in North America. It is also known as the High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification. It delivers 3G like services up to 140 kbps peak rate while occupying a very small amount of spectrum (1.25 MHz per carrier). 1XEV-DO, also called 1XEV Phase One, is an enhancement that puts voice and data on separate channels in order to provide data delivery at 2.4 Mbps. EV-DV, or 1XEV Phase Two promises data speeds ranging from 3 Mbps to 5 Mbps. However, CDMA2000 X is an ITU-approved, IMT-2000 (3G) standard. It is part of what the ITU has termed IMT-2000 CDMA MC. It uses a 5 MHz spectrum (3 X 1.25 MHz channels) to give speeds of around 2-4 Mbps. 1.4.2 UMTS The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is one of the third generation (3G) mobile phone technologies. It uses W-CDMA as the underlying standard. W-CDMA was developed by NTT DoCoMo as the air interface for their 3G network FOMA. Later it submitted the specification to the Third Generation Cellular Networks International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a candidate for the international 3G standard known as IMT-2000. The ITU eventually accepted W-CDMA as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards. Later, W-CDMA was selected as the air interface for UMTS, the 3G successor to GSM. Some of the key features include the support to two