7 hardware offload, 179 performance, 199-200, 200f memory and I/O dimensioning, 178 security, 197-199 performance benchmarking, 177-178 New Radio (NR), 43, 351 SIMD, 174-176 Next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN), x86, 176 43-48, 45f Multiple blades, 145 wired networking analogy, 48 Multiple input multiple output (MIMO), 7, 70, 76, NF Repository function (NRF), 47 246-247, 253-254, 359 NMEA-0183 standard, 273 Multiple smaller (MPS), 180 NodeB (NB), 43 Multiple-input layers, 362 Noise Figure (NF), 129, 167 Multiple-output layers, 362 Non Access Stratum (NAS), 47 Multiprotocol Label Switching support for Non-Real-Time (non-RT), 2 DiffServ, 101 Non-Stand Alone deployments (NSA Multiuser diversity, 243 deployments), 57 Multiuser multiple input multiple output, NR C-V2X (PC5), 357 247-248 NR-Unlicensed (NR-U), 13-14 Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO), 159, 301 Numerology, 73-74 Negative Acknowledgement (Nack), 63, 180-181, 202-203, 220 NETCONF protocol, 33 Occupied BandWidth (OBW), 128, 335 Network asymmetry, 287 OCXO, 304 Network Exposure function (NEF), 47 One-way protocol, 278-279 Network Interface Card (NIC), 16, 114, 148 Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI), Network Listening Mode, 205 15-16 Network monitor mode API, 204-206 Open Networking Foundation (ONF), 48 Network PDV, 287-288 Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN), 1, 141, 265, Network Processor Units (NPUs), 145-146 311, 329, 349 Network reconnaissance, 208-209 5G base station architectures, 17-20 Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), 47 5G RedCap, 360-362 Network Time Protocol (NTP), 278-279 alliance, 1-6 Network-based synchronization, 274-275 C-RAN, 7-8 network time distribution, 275f cellular network synchronization requirements, Network-level synchronization, 292-296 290-291 Index centralized RAN architecture, 21f unraveling standards spaghetti, 305-306 CoMP, 28-34 URLLC, 349-354 effects of timestamping location and resolution, vehicle-to-infrastructure roadside unit 303-305 architecture and implementation, 354-360 enterprise 5G 