f the infrastructure. Whether past developments in demand will continue. Which trends seem clearly unsustainable. Influence of the main drivers on past demand for infrastructure Since 1980 there have been many attempts to develop and launch new infrastructure or services. Those that succeeded were responding to real, expressed or latent needs of users - the demand side of the economy. Others INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 © OECD 2006 2. TELECOMS INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030 can be placed on a technocentric wish list from the industry, anxious to sell to the customer. The table below analyses some major launches from this point of view: What we see here is the strong influence of the drivers on the demand side, especially the consumer segment, while business demand follows. Increasingly, the recent developments in infrastructure demand show that the main influence is no longer a decision by the operators/suppliers on what is to be provided; the Table 2.7. Impact of main drivers on past demand Infrastructure and infrastructure-related services Main drivers Overall impact development Digitisation Cost and performance through Fundamental - responded to need technology advance - responded for reliable, sophisticated to customer need for more reliability, telecommunications integrating voice network sophistication and services and data as one channel. such as voice mail. ISDN - Integrated services digital Technocentric push by suppliers Minimal - for narrowband ISDN, network, a digital and operators - but despite this some except for certain business markets, circuit-switched voice/data customer success in France and Germany especially the T1 leased line market protocol for the local loop, especially in business markets, and in US in the 1990s. based on CCITT standards. T1 lines market. ISDN was sometimes translated as - "idiot services users don't need" - in UK and USA. Mobile - principally GSM, End user demand for access Fundamental - over one decade 2G and 2.5G 