is is a requirement for mo- bile radios). There is a budget limit of +1.1 us at the handover of the network to the application. The final T- TSC can be embedded in the final application (symbolized here by a radio tower), which makes this handover point difficult to measure. This means that the end application is allowed up to +400 ns of time error. That +400 ns in the end application is split into two components. The application is allowed up to +150 ns of error and there is +250 ns allowed for short-term holdover. This 250 ns gives the final application some space for the time to drift while the network is converging or recovering from a fault or some event. Each of the 20 T-BCs and the single T-TSC can have up to +20 ns of cTE, giving a total of +420 ns of error in the chain of nodes. The network is allowed up to +200 ns to absorb random network variations, which can arise from any number of faults or events in the timing distribution network. The links between the network elements can contribute up to +380 ns of time error owing to the asymmetry within the links. There can be up to +100 ns of absolute time error at the output of the PRTC (this is PRTC-A from G.8272). This budget is a standardized example from G.8271.1 and is included as guidance to allocate time error in the timing chain. These values have been settled on based on exhaustive simulations with the different types of error that arise in the components of the chain. Of course, for a different situ- ation, different assumptions and conclusions apply. The earlier section "Dynamic Time Error" explained that the calculation of max|TE| for network limits is done using a RMS method of averaging for dTE from all the nodes of the network. The fol- lowing equation sums up the contribution of the TE components: max|TE < SUM(cTE) of all nodes + RMS(dTE of all nodes Even if the mathematics is not your primary concern, at least you should understand that the three types of TE accumulate differently, because some of it is filtered and some is not. Basically, y