need very high bitrates, therefore Cat-M1 and 5.1 Mobile Ultra-Broadband Network Architectures Cat-M2, NB1 and NB2, provide lower bitrates (i.e. NB, in contrast to broadband) which are needed and can be processed by various current and future IoT devices connected to the network via the mobile network. Overall, LTE-Advanced-Pro is the last version of 4G mobile networks before the appearance of the first 5G standard, which tends to provide a smooth transition of 3GPP network architectures from 4G to 5G. 5.1.3 5G Network Architecture The 5G mobile network architectures start with 3GPP Release 15, which is the first stan- dard to enter into the IMT-2020 family (the 5G family). It is very likely that the number of standards within the given IMT family reduces from one mobile generation to the next, SO we had seven standards under the IMT-2000 (the 3G umbrella), two standards under the IMT-Advanced (the 4G umbrella), and one standard under the IMT-2020 (the 5G umbrella). It is very likely that similar to WiFi in the WLAN environment, the 5G standard from 3GPP will become the unified mobile standard, which, however, must coexist with other IP-based mobile technologies (e.g. UMTS, LTE). The 5G mobile architecture is ultra-broadband architecture which aims to provide Gbit/s and tens of Gbit/s aggregate bitrates and over 100 Mbit/s individual bitrates; how- ever, this is based on the design of the mobile network (that is, installed capacity versus average number of active users at peak hours), size of the cell, users' location in the cell and their mobility, etc. For example, users at the cell edge have worse signal-to-noise ratio, which results in use of a modulation and coding scheme that carries fewer bits per symbol in the radio interface (e.g. 1024 quadrature amplitude modulation [QAM] can carry 10 bits on a single symbol because 2 10 = 1024, while 16 QAM can carry 4 bits on a single symbol on the same location and with the same frequency band in use, which gives 10/4 = 2.5 time higher bitrates by using the same radi