umber 1 (percentage of households) - First country to surpass 50 percent FTTH/B household (HH) Top seven global economies (subscribers): - South Korea, Japan, United States, China, Russia, Italy, and France - Represent more than 90 percent of all FTTH/B subscribers - South Korea and Japan surpass 35 percent HH* connected Last-Mile Access Networks Using PONs to Deliver Fiber to the Premises, Curb, Basement, or Neighborhood PON devices located in the access network enable carriers to dynamically allocate capacity on a single pair of fibers to multiple homes, buildings on a campus, apart- ments, and small and midsize businesses. PONs are used for the following. FTTH Fiber to the home. FTTP Fiber to the premises. FTTN Fiber to the node. This serves about 100 to 200 homes with copper twisted-pair or coaxial cabling from PON equipment in the neighborhood to homes. FTTC Fiber to the curb. This serves 12 or SO homes with copper cabling from the PON equipment at the curb to homes. FTTB Fiber to the basement of multistory dwellings or businesses. The term "FTTx" is used to refer to PONs that terminate in any of the preceding locations. Telephone companies and cable operators deploy PONs differently. Verizon, inde- pendent telephone companies, municipality-controlled utilities in mostly rural areas, and Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) in Japan deploy much of their PON infra- structure to homes and basements of larger buildings. AT&T, CenturyLink, and most cable Multiple System Operators (MSOs) bring fiber deep into neighborhoods and then use twisted-pair or coaxial cabling to serve 110 to 500 customers. Some providers bring fiber all the way to curbside pedestals in much of their territory. These imple- mentations serve only 8 to 12 customers per PON device. PON service closer to cus- tomers is more expensive per subscriber to deploy but provides higher-speed service because fewer customers share it. PONs are also used to bring fiber all the way to premises in new "greenfield" developments (new industrial or residentia