ess - Define processes associated with information and management tasks A set of protocols that: - Define communication between NE and os - Define communication between OS and os Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS Data communication network SS-Switching system (Exchange) TS-Transmission systems OS-Operations system WS-Workstation TMN|interface Telecommunication network Figure 2.2 Detailed relationship of TMN with telecommunication network. The TMN recommendation M.3010 does not make any reference to the Internet though it includes a number of concepts that are relevant to the Internet management community. There is also a strong relationship between TMN and OSI management. The discussion on the relation of TMN and OSI model will be covered in Chapter 5 after the concepts of the OSI model are discussed. 2.3 Functional Architecture The functional architecture describes the distribution of functionality within the TMN to allow for the creation of function blocks from which a management net- work can be implemented. The functional architecture is composed of function blocks and reference points. Function blocks represent conceptual entities that make up TMN. Reference points are used to represent the exchange of informa- tion between function blocks. The systematic decomposition of management functions in TMN functional architecture is useful for the following tasks: Analysis and description of existing operations systems Analysis and description of existing process flow Specification of new operations systems Specification of new process flows TMN Model Analysis of operations plans Development of new operations systems TMN functional architecture consists of the following function blocks: Operations system functions (OSF) Mediation functions (MF) Network element functions (NEF) Work station functions (WSF) Q-adapter functions (QAF) The function blocks that are fully part of the TMN are: 1. Operations system functions (OSF): This relates to functions in the net- work manager that collects data from the network elem