s not enter into these calculations, but does have an indirect effect. An enhanced functionality in these networks is congestion control. This feature monitors, detects and corrects situations when network congestion is degrading service quality. Over- loading can be controlled by using functionalities such as fast power control (both uplink and downlink), handing over new subscribers (or the ones trying to congest the network) to another carrier, on even by reducing the throughput of packet data (a feature handled by packet scheduling). Moreover, mobiles that move within cell range cause different amounts of interference, so overload can occur when mobile(s) move towards the cell edge. The power control function becomes all the more important in WCDMA radio networks operating in the FDD mode. The reason is that mobiles in WCDMA radio networks transmit continuously, unlike in GSM where every subscriber transmits in different time slots. Also, a WCDMA network uses only one frequency (the frequency re-use factor is 1). Each subscriber has an individual code and appears as a noise source to other subscribers. Hence, any inaccuracy in power control will lead to an increase in interference, which directly affects the number of subscribers getting admission to the network. This makes it necessary for power control to be accurate and fast. Thus, open-loop and closed-loop power control take place. The power control feature is responsible for handover management in WCDMA radio networks. There are two main types of handover, soft (SHO) and hard (HHO). With SHO, a mobile subscriber is always connected to two base stations simultaneously, while with HHO the existing radio link is released before a new one is connected. The decision for handover lies within the RNC, where algorithms make decisions based on measurements received by the mobile stations. Another important function in radio resource management is the allocation of codes. Owing to the use of a single frequency, separation of subscribers is based on these codes. Th