he previous anchor FA maintains data flow continuity while signaling to establish the data path to a new anchor FA. The PMIP procedures do not require additional signaling over-the-air or additional data headers to perform CSN-anchored mobility. The CSN-anchored mobility activities are transparent to the MS. The MS uses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) for IP address assignment and host configuration. DHCP is a network application protocol used by devices to obtain configuration information for operation in an IP network. This protocol reduces system administration workload, allowing devices to be added to the network with minimal user intervention [30]. 2.7 Paging and idle state operation 2.7 PAGING AND IDLE STATE OPERATION Paging refers to procedures used by the network to notify mobile stations (in the coverage area of a predefined set of base stations identified as a paging group) that are in the idle mode of pending downlink traffic. In addition, location update refers to procedures to obtain location update by an MS in the idle mode. Paging procedures are implemented using MAC management messages exchanged between the MS and the BS controlled through higher-layer paging management functions. The Idle State refers to a mobile station state where the MS can become periodically available for downlink broadcast traffic without registration with a specific BS. The Idle State comprises two separate modes, paging available mode and paging unavailable mode. During Idle State, the MS may attempt power saving by switching between Paging Available mode and Paging Unavailable mode. In the Paging Available mode, the MS may be paged by the BS. If the MS is paged, it performs network re-entry procedures. The MS performs location update procedure during Idle State. As shown in Figure 2-7, the paging reference model can be decomposed into three separate functional entities: Paging Controller (PC) is a functional entity that administers the activity of an MS in Idle State in the network. It is identified by a PC id