ical interface, or through integration with existing OSS or third-party provisioning software. In addition to graphical client interfaces, TEMPo provides integration interfaces using CORBA, RMI/Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (RMI/IIOP) and Enterprise Java Beans. Northbound interfaces allow integration of end-to-end management services with existing customer OSS to create automated provisioning systems that reduce the time to activate a service from weeks to minutes. This integration gives service providers the ability to offer a zero-touch provisioning model, allowing actual net- work provisioning operations to be performed automatically based on system orders. When provisioning a new service, a service provider enters a contract with sub- scribers to ensure that the service meets a specified QoS. The contract is the SLA which includes metrics such as availability, latency and loss. To validate these and other important service parameters, the equipment and management system col- lects, stores and presents statistics for reporting on SLA compliance. These data must be collected from each managed element and distributed to reporting applica- tions and billing systems. Tenor's TN250G performs traffic monitoring and meas- urement to support the creation of SLA reports. TEMPO collects, correlates and archives these measurements to provide historical and real-time performance reports which can be sent to third-party tools and applications. AdventNet and Tenor share the understanding that service provisioning can be complex and time intensive for a service provider owing to its involving many departments, skills and systems. By addressing this, OSS vendors can help service providers reduce their costs. With the introduction of optical transport technolo- gies to access, metro and long-haul networks, the ability to increase and control bandwidth has been improved by software provisioning techniques. The challenge ahead for service providers is rapid provisioning for the services layer. This will allow the combination of op