1. The theories of Wiener, and especially Shannon, which propounded the properties of and motivated the use of random and pseudorandom sig- nals, were available in the U.S. before such basics were appreciated else- where (with the exception of Guanella). This gave U.S. researchers a significant lead time, an important factor near the outset of the Cold War when the Voice of America was being jammed intensively. Additional impetus for SS development came in urgent response to the threats posed by the onslaught of the Korean War and the tense confrontation over Berlin. 2. SS development occurred just after the Second World War, at a point in time when many of the world's technological leaders had suffered tremendous losses in both manpower and facilities, and additionally in Germany's case, political self-control. Research and industry in the U.S., on the other hand, were unscathed and the U.S. became the home for many leading European scientists, e.g., Henri Busignies and Wernher von Braun, to name two among many. 3. The available unclassified literature (virtually all the references in this history are now unclassified) points to the earliest SS developments hav- ing arisen in the United States. We will now look at evidence of some SS beginnings outside the U.S.A. Bill Davenport remembers a secret interchange with a visiting British del- legation in which pre-Rake NOMAC concepts were discussed. Later, he was informed that the British had not pursued that approach to secure, long- range communication because they envisioned major problems from multi- path [209]. Frank Lehan recalls a discussion with a British scientist who told him that the British had studied PN sequencies several years before JPL developed the idea. Bob Dixon dates Canada's experimental Rampage sys- tem to the early 1950s, with no further details yet available [210]. So it seems that the closest friends of the U.S. were at least cognizant of the SS concept, knew something of PN generation, and to some extent had experimented with the idea. Furth