 (5.168). In this example, the transistor models are based on the MOST level-1 equations. The resonant tanks have a Q-factor of about 10. Tank losses are modeled by putting a resistor Rloss in parallel with each resonant tank. The other parameters that specify the design of this quadrature oscillator are: (5.184) m = 8m2 - 0.3 . (5.185) Here, Y is the ratio between the small-signal transconductance of the active energy restoring feedback elements (as seen by the resonant tanks) and the loss conductance Gloss = 1/Rloss. The parameter m is the ratio of the transconductances of the transistors M1 and M2. It is a measure for the strength that couples the two resonant tanks. The behavioral model corresponds to a linear approximation of the averaged ODEs that govern the state vector (5.186) This state vector contains the amplitudes A and AQ of the in-phase and quadrature oscillations, the phase difference between these oscillations and the common-mode phase 0. The averaged ODEs are linearized near the operating point values q1,0p = A1,op AQ,op 2.51 r/2 ] T T T The resulting behavioral model 5.8.3 Experimental results Figure 5.35: Amplitudes of the in-phase and quadrature oscillations obtained from the behavioral model (solid line) and extracted from the SPICE-like simulation of the original set of circuit equations (x-marks). The result are obtained for E - 0.2, Y - 0.5 and m = 0.3. is a system of linear time-invariant (LTI) differential equations. It is readily imple- mented in any environment for system-level simulation. Fig. 5.35 compares the settling behavior predicted by the behavioral model AmodelAqui (5.187) -0.350 -0.035 -0.185 -0.035 -0.350 0.185 (5.188) 0.067 -0.067 -0.070 with the envelopes extracted from the solutions of the original circuit equations. The latter are obtained by means of a SPICE-like algorithm. In (5.187)-(5.188), Aq1 = q1 - q1,0p with similar definitions for AA, AAQ and . The settling behavior is eval- uated for initial values of the amplitudes A1 and AQ deviate 30% from their operating- p