lthough dormant, and its history dates back through a series of experiments to 1911, especially for rural telephony. The future seems to promise more of this technology, as Korea and others experiment with broadband access; this is examined below under broadband access. Although there have been successes in rural telephony, fixed wireless has to some extent been a failure SO far in OECD countries, with operators such as Ionica and Tele2 who have launched such networks failing to deliver the quality of service required, or pricing to take the market from fixed line. With Broadband a new chapter opens. Mobile telephony and data, including alternative wireless technologies The first generation of mobile telephony grew up with the analogue signalling. This became quite sophisticated in the late 1970s with the cellular systems such as the Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) and North American TACS standards. Radio communications evolved from pre-Second World War emergency and taxi 2-way radio systems with the addition of the cellular model to geographically repeat frequencies in non-adjacent "cells", as first suggested by Motorola patents in the early 1970's. There are now a growing range of technologies for mobile, with two major technologies in two generations (G) of digital cellular mobile in place worldwide: 2G GSM including 2.5 G GPRS for faster data downloads, originally and principally in Europe but also in use in most regions today, even the INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 © OECD 2006 2. TELECOMS INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030 United States, largely for voice and short messaging services (SMS). The latter is increasingly important in economies such as the Philippines where some customers only use SMS, for cost reasons. 3G W-CDMA using the 3GPP standards, rolled out in some parts of Europe and Hong Kong for multimedia higher-speed data and voice, up to 2 Mbps, but largely circuit switched. CDMA-1 with extensions for high-speed data such as EVDO, in the United States