p2p, etc.). Typically used as default bearer 60 ms Mission Critical delay sensitive signaling (e.g. MC-PTT signaling) 200 ms Mission Critical Data (e.g. example services are the same as QCI 6/8/9) 50 ms V2X messages 10 ms Low latency eMBB applications (TCP/UDP-based); Augmented Reality 10 ms Discrete Automation (small packets) Delay 10 ms Discrete Automation (big packets) Critical 30 ms Intelligent Transport Systems Electricity Distribution-high voltage Table 1.2. 5G QoS characteristics NG-RAN Network - Functional Architecture The ARP parameter allows the NG-RAN node to choose whether the bearer establishment request should be made or rejected in the event of congestion. The QFI value is coded on 6 bits. The 5QI value is set between 1 and 85. For any 5QI value less than or equal to 64, the QFI indicator and 5QI can be the same. When the mobile is in the RRC_CONNECTED state, the management of QoS rules is delegated to the 5G-NR radio interface. A user's plane traffic in a PDU session with the same QFI flag is handled with the same traffic routing rules (e.g. sequencing rules, admission level). The role of the radio node is to configure one or more radio data bearers (RAB: Radio Access Bearer) and to perform a mapping between the QFI and the bearer(s) from a TFT flow filtering template (Traffic Flow Template). For uplink, there are two ways to control the mapping between the radio bearers and the QoS of IP flows: - reflective QoS for which the mobile replicates QoS rules received in downlink (configuration of the TFT flow policy rules); - explicit configuration for which the uplink QoS configuration is defined by configuring the radio bearer. IP packets IP Packets PDU session Mapping QFI <-> RAB PDU session Mapping QFI <-> RAB Radio bearer Figure 1.10. QFI management in the user's plane NG-RAN and 5G-NR 1.5. Security architecture The security architecture implemented on the 5G mobile is based on: - mutual authentication between the 5GC core network and mobile (UICC); - ciphering and integrity of NAS signaling messa