e Home Server Virtualized Network Functions Catalog Universal Port Network Customer Premises Whitebox Physical Inventory Step 1: AT&T ships uCPE to customer Step 2: Customer plugs uCPE in Step 3: uCPE authenticates with AT&T Step 4: Customer enables required VNFs Logistics Warehouse Site is ready to go!!! FIGURE 10.18 uCPE call-home process. REFERENCES 1. http://www.nongnu.org/quagga 2. VMWARE Virtualization: http://www.vmware.com/solutions/virtualization.htm 3. Linux Containers: https://linuxcontainers.org 4. Linux Bridge: https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/bridge 5. Open Virtual Switch: http://www.openvswitch.org/ 6. DPDK Poll-mode: http://dpdk.org/doc/guides/prog_guide/poll_mode_drv.html 7. SRO-IOV: : http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/pci-express/pci-sig-sr-iov-primer-sr-iov- technology-paper.html 8. Hyperscan: http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/solution-brief yperscan-scalability-solution-brief.pdf 9. http://www.ijcaonline.org/research/volume131/number16/sarma-2015-ijca-9076010.pd Network Access Hank Kafka CONTENTS 11.1 Introduction 11.2 What Makes Access Networks Different 11.3 Extending NFV and SDN to Network Access 11.4 Wireline Access Technologies 11.4.1 PON Technology 11.4.2 G.fast Technology 11.4.3 Wireline Access Hardware 11.4.4 Merchant Silicon 11.4.5 Wireline Access Hardware Standards and Open Specifications 11.4.6 Open vOLT Hardware Specifications 11.4.7 Wireline Access Software 11.4.8 Network Abstraction Layer 11.4.9 SDN Access Controllers 11.4.10 Open Access Network Software 11.5 Mobile Wireless Access Technologies 11.5.1 LTE RAN Configurations 11.5.2 5G Wireless 11.5.2.1 Advanced Multielement Antenna Structures 11.5.2.2 Dual Connectivity 11.5.2.3 Ultrahigh Density and Self-Backhaul 11.5.2.4 Flexible Carrier Configuration Acknowledgments References This chapter will examine the general characteristics of access networks and how those characteris- tics create challenges for implementing network functions virtualization (NFV) and software-defined network (SDN).