hat integrate with the order management system. One of the modules is the billing system. To service an order, the OMS first triggers the provisioning module. When the provision- ing module notifies the OMS that provisioning is complete, then the service is activated. Activation of service should also start billing the customer for the service. So the OMS initiates the billing system as part of completing the order placed by the customer. Plan development: The order management system helps in services and net- work planning. Based on orders that are placed, the key services that custom- ers are interested in can be identified. Based on customer records these orders can give statistical inputs on what age group prefers what type of services and to identify new service areas that will generate business. The order informa- tion will also help in forecasting the services that will be in demand for the next business cycle and resources (both manpower as well as equipment) to offer the service in time can be made available. This planning will have a direct impact on reducing the CAPEX and OPEX by proper procurement and allocation of resources. Integration with workflow management system: When automated provision- ing is not possible after placing the order and when a technician needs to be involved in setting up resources to offer a service, then the order management system sends data to the workflow manager SO that an appropriate technician can be allocated to fix the issue before auto-provisioning can be triggered. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS The same is the case when an auto-provisioning action fails and a technician needs to fix the issue, SO that auto-provisioning can be retriggered. Interactive user interface: Web-based ordering is most popular in customer space and most service providers offer their customers the capability to place and track their order on the Web. The sales, operations, order management, and customer support team in the service provider space would mostly have an application or Web-ba