door Scenario 11.2.4.1 Measurement of Path Loss 11.2.4.2 Measurement of Channel Model Parameters Field Experiments with Sub-6-GHz 5G Radio 11.3.1 Experimental System with Higher Rank MIMO 11.3.2 Field Experiments 328 11.3.2.1 Field Experiment in a Shopping Mall Environment 11.3.2.2 Field Experiment in a Long Corridor Environment Field Experiments of Millimeter Wave 5G Radio 11.4.1 Experimental System with Beamforming and Beam Tracking 11.4.2 Field Experiments 336 Contents 11.4.2.1 Field Experiment in a Courtyard Environment 336 11.4.2.2 Field Experiment in a Shopping Mall Environment 11.4.2.3 Field Experiment in a Street Canyon Environment Summary References 5G RF Design Challenges 349 Petri Vasenkari, Dominique Brunel, and Laurent Noël Introduction 349 Impact of New Physical Layer on RF Performance 12.2.1 New Uplink Waveforms 12.2.2 New Frequency Range Definition 12.2.2.1 5G Operating Band Numbering Scheme 353 12.2.3 Impact of NSA Operation on the 5G UE RF Front-End 12.2.4 New Features Impacting UE RF Front-End 12.2.4.1 Impact of Beam Forming in FR2 12.2.4.2 Impact of UL MIMO Operation 12.2.4.3 Impact of Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) Switching as Enhancement to Downlink MIMO 12.2.5 RAN4 Technical Specification (TS) Survival Guide 361 5G Standalone Performance Aspects in Frequency Range 12.3.1 New Channel Bandwidths and Improved SU 363 12.3.2 Impact of Large Channel Bandwidths on PA Efficiency Enhancement Techniques 365 12.3.3 FR1 Frequency Bands 12.3.3.1 Impact of Extended Channel Bandwidth on MSD in Refarmed Bands 12.3.4 Transmitter Chain Aspects 369 12.3.4.1 Maximum Power Reduction and Inner/Outer Allocation Concept 12.3.4.2 Impact on Power Amplifier Power Consumption 371 12.3.4.3 MPR for Almost Contiguous Allocations and PI/2 BPSK Power Boosting 371 5G Standalone Performance Aspects in mmWave Frequency Range 2 12.4.1 Channel Bandwidths and SU 12.4.2 FR2 Bands 12.4.3 FR2 Key RF Parameters 12.4.4 Transmitter Aspects 12.4.4.1 Power and Device Classes 12.4.4.2 ACLR VS. FR1 12.4.4.3 MPR and A-MPR 12.4.4.4 Impact