. The backoff process is resumed and the counter is decremented once the carrier has been idle for the duration of the deferred period. The energy detection threshold is both channel type and output power related, that is, -72 dBm for 23 dBm PUSCH and 62 dBm for DRS. An important component of LBT design is the choice of ED threshold, which determines the level of sensitivity to declare the existence of ongoing transmissions. 3GPP has stud- ied mechanisms to adapt the ED threshold. An eNB accessing a carrier on which LAA SCell(s) transmission(s) are performed, sets the ED threshold ED threshold to less than or equal to the maximum ED threshold max(EDthreshold) = min(Tmax + 10 dB, Nr), if the absence of any other technology sharing the carrier can be guaranteed on a long-term A downlink transmission by the eNB may include a discovery signal and without physical downlink shared channel on a carrier on which license-assisted access SCell(s) transmission(s) are performed, immediately after sensing the idle channel for a sensing interval Tdrs = 25 us and if the duration of the transmission is less than 1 ms. The parameter Tdrs consists of a duration Tf=16 us immediately followed by one slot duration Tslot = and Tf includes an idle slot duration Tslot at start of Tf. The channel is considered idle for Tdrs, if it is sensed to be idle during the slot durations of Tdrs. Chapter 8 Is the channel idle during this period and the detected energy eNB/gNB needs below a threshold? to transmit Transmission Tslot min(mp) max(mp) min(Tdefer) max(Tdefer) Backoff Channel busy LAA downlink burst eCCA slot time PDCCH Pcell subframe boundary PDSCH PDSCH PDSCH PDSCH Subframe = 1ms Pcell subframe boundary Starting downlink partial subframe Ending downlink partial subframe Downlink transmission Uplink transmission Subframe Reservation boundary boundary signal MCOT = 8 ms Defer duration Channel Transmission Initial partial subframe Ending partial subframe 0.5 ms (12,11,10, 9, 6, 3 OFDM symbols) Reservation Slot duration Subframe signal boun