 format 1, 3, or 4, that is, the long-PUCCH, where the number of symbols in the first is given by NPUCCH / 2  in which NPUCCH is the length of PUCCH transmission in the number of OFDM symbols. PUCCH formats 0, 1, 3, and 4 use the low-PAPR Zadoff-Chu sequences p(a)5)(n)|s=0 where a is a cyclic shift of a base sequence ru,v(n) such that = ejanru.v(n), 0n<Mzc in which Mzc = 12m is the length of the sequence (assuming 8 = 0). Multiple sequences can be generated from a single base sequence based on different values of a (cyclic shift). Base sequences (n) are divided into groups, where UE {0, 1, 29} is group number and V is the base sequence number within the group, such that each group con- tains one base sequence v=0 each of length Mc = 12m, 1 m5 and two base sequences v=0,1 each of length Mzc = 12m, mz6. The definition of the base sequence vu,v(0),..., depends on the sequence length Mc [6]. The sequence group (fgh + fss)mod 30 and the sequence number V within the group depend on the value of the RRC parameter pucch-GroupHopping. For example, if RRC parameter pucch-GroupHopping set to = fss = NID mod 30; v=0 where NID is the hopping identifier identified by RRC signaling, and c(n) is a pseudo-random sequence which was defined earlier. The frequency hopping index nhop = 0, if frequency hop- ping is disabled; otherwise, nhop = 0 for the first hop and nhop = 1 for the second hop. The cyclic shift a is a function of the symbol and slot number and is expressed as Al = ([mo + mcs + ncs(nslot,1+1)] mod 12)/6 where the parameters are defined in [6]. In the latter equation the function ncs 1) is defined as ncs(nslot, 1) = -2 :(8NSymb nslot + 8l + m) in which the pseudo-random sequence c(i) was defined earlier and the pseudo-random sequence generator is initialized with the RRC parameter hoppingId. The general time-frequency structure of PUCCH for various formats is depicted in Fig. 4.77. 4.2.3.1.1 PUCCH Format 0 Structure and Physical Processing PUCCH format 0 is a short PUCCH format that can transport up to 2 bits. It is use