ted Virtual reality Drone, tactile Telemedicine, Industrial IoT, driving, public gaming, remote Internet remote surgery time-sensitive safety office network per km2 in an urban environment, battery life in extreme coverage beyond 10 years, and latency of 10 S or less on the uplink to deliver a 20-byte application layer packet measured at 164 dB MCL. The flexible 5G frame structure allows different services to be offered using the same carrier. For instance, mMTC can be offered at the same time as URLLC by supporting different slot sizes. Massive MTC services can use the 1 ms slot size, which minimizes overhead and maximizes coverage, while URLLC services can use a small slot size (as low as 0.125 ms) to minimize latency. In addition, 5G offers a lean carrier design with no cell-specific reference signal and flexible cell-specific signaling such as synchronization signals and broadcast channel. This enables flexible segmentation of the 5G carrier to simultaneously support different services. In addition to physical layer optimization for IoT, 5G also supports network layer opti- mization such as edge cloud and network slicing. The edge cloud distributes computing capabilities across the network to where the traffic is. This allows cloud implementa- tion to run at the edge of the network, which greatly benefits latency and efficiency. In addition, the edge cloud allows processing of a large amount of data at the edge with- out having to transport them to the centralized servers. For example, in an industrial IoT private factory network, having an edge cloud at the factory can allow for fast video ana- lytics of the production process. Network slicing allows multiple logical networks with different end-to-end performance characteristics to be supported using the same physi- cal infrastructure. Network slices can be independently configured and managed. Some of the performance attributes that can be configured per network slice include latency, throughput, reliability, capacity, mobility, security, analytic, and cost