certainly The Historical Origins of Spread-Spectrum Communications had the insight to do it but never put it in print, and that two close friends, Nathan Marchand and Louis deRosa, both key figures in the formation of the IRE's Group on Information Theory, led Sylvania Bayside and FTL, respectively, toward a unified SS viewpoint. It seems that Sylvania Bayside had all the ingredients of the direct sequence concept as early as 1948, but did not have the technology to solve some of the signal processing problems. It remained for Mortimer Rogoff to provide a method for storing pseudonoise (a technique reminiscent of Telefunken's wheels), giving ITT the complete system assembled and tested under the Della Rosa contract and documented to a government agency. Meanwhile, the idea either was propagated to, or was independently con- ceived by, several research and design groups, notably as M.I.T. in 1950 and at JPL in 1952. Group 34 at M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory, sparked by Bill Davenport, Paul Green, and Bob Price, is generally credited with building the first successful SS communication system for several reasons. 1. The Rake system was the first wide-band pseudorandom-reference system to send messages reliably over the long-range HF multipath channel. 2. The F9C-A system, soon followed by the Rake applique, was probably the first deployed (nonexperimental) broad-band communication sys- tem which differed in its essentials from wide-deviation FM, PPM, or 3. The Rake system was the first such SR communication system to be dis- cussed in the open literature, other than information theoretic designs. JPL's radio control work, in competition with inertial guidance systems, did not reach a deployment stage until suitable applications appeared in the Space Program. In addition to opening new vistas in the development of PN generation techniques, JPL's contribution to SS technology has been the innovation of tracking loop designs which allow high-performance SS sys- tems to be placed on high-speed vehicles with results comparab