 to DMB started in Korea, where telecom companies were dealing with issues of limited spectrum resources. The first step toward the digitization of Korea's entire local broadcasting media actually came from first digitizing radio broadcasting through Terrestrial DMB (T-DMB), which operates over terrestrial facilities. T-DMB, an ETSI standard for mobile TV, has its roots in the European Eureka 147 Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) standard, which is used for digital radio worldwide. It SO happens that the transmission and compression technologies used by DAB also work well in supporting video and data services. DMB is designed to broadcast TV and video to mobile devices, and in conjunction with existing DAB services, also both audio and data. DMB can be integrated wherever there is already a DAB infrastructure. The Korean T-DMB system's TV channels 7 through 13 use the 174MHz to 216MHz VHF band. Channel 12 has been allocated for DMB and is divided into three frequency blocks. Each of these blocks is allocated 1.54MHz of bandwidth and is capable of receiving one channel of video and three channels of audio or data, for a total of three video channels and nine audio or data channels. The Korean domestic Satellite DMB (S-DMB) system, which operates via satel- lite facilities, is an ITU-T standard. With S-DMB, signals transmitted by a satellite directly can be received by subscribers on most areas on the ground. Where there are areas that can't be reached by the satellite signal, gap fillers (e.g., base stations) can be used to extend the signal and coverage. Several frequency bands are used in S-DMB, as illustrated in Figure 15.2: Ku-band (13.824GHz to 13.883GHz) is used between the signal transmis- sion center and the satellite. S-band (2.605GHz to 2.655GHz) is used between the satellite or gap fillers and the terminals. Ku-band (12.214GHz to 12.239GHz) is used between the satellite and gap fillers. WMANs Ku-band 13.824GHz to 13.883GHz Satellite S-band DMB Center 2.605GHz to 2.665GHz Ku-band 12.214GHz to 12.239GHz Pr