, 207 conditional, 14, 15, 70 Plaintext, 61, 424 continuous, 26 Planck, xii, xiv distance between (-), see Distance Plank's constant, 65 Erlang, 90 Plenio, M. B., 296, 300, 326 exponential PNG, 207, 600 continuous, 28, 88, 90, 93 Podolski, xiii discrete, 23, 57, 58, 65, 69, 91, 573, 574, 576 Point or presence (POP), 563 density function (PDF), 5, 20, 264 Poisson F, 90 distribution, see Probability Gamma, 90 process, 24 Gaussian, 25, 29-33, 66, 89, 90, 93 Polarization generalized normal, 90 beamsplitter, 551 joint, 13, 15, 42, 70, 73, 80, 81, 581 circular, 546, 549, 552 Laplace, 90 EM state, 549 law of total (-), 17 horizontal (TM), 545 log-normal, 32, 90 left-circular, 546 logistic, 90 light, 545 Maxwell-Boltzmann, 90, 573, 576, 577 linear, 545, 549 moments, see Moment orthogonal, 545 multivariate normal, 90 right-circular, 546 normal, 25, 29, 33, 89, 90, 93 state, 545, 547 of event, 3 vertical (TE), 545 optimization constraints, 65 Pollard algorithm, see Algorithm Pareto, 90 Polynomial Poisson, 23, 25, 32 generator, 218 Rayleigh, 90 irreductible, 218, 542, 672 stationary, 583 multiplication, 672 Student's t, 90 parity-check, 218 theory, xviii representation (byte), 542, 672-5 thermal (or Bose-Einstein), 573 syndrome, 219 triangular, 90 time, 399, 410 uniform time complexity, 400 discrete, 6, 22, 26, 80, 90, 573, 583 Portuguese language source, 58, 160 continuous, 86, 87, 90, 241, 246 Post-measurement state, see State Weibull, 90 Index Projection/projector information theory (QIT), xii, xiv, xvii-xviii, 264, measurement, see Measurement 283, 287, 304, 305, 342, 343, 431 operator, see Operator inverse Fourier transform, 403 Pseudo-binary code, see Binary key distribution (QKD), XV, xvii, xx, 523, 544, Psychoacoustics analysis, 595 556-8, 561, 562, 564 Public-key cryptography, see Cryptography measurement, see Measurement Pulse code modulation (PCM), 592 mechanics, 305 Pure state, see State memory, 497 Purification, see State network, 356 Purifying system, 442 noise, 475, 557, 561 noisy (-) channel, 475 Q-factor, 2