is book. The same relates to the contents that are transferred by various OTT services and applications. This is regarded as network neutrality of the Internet (as a global network) to all services and applications running over it, including those that exist now and future "killer" services. 8.1 Introduction to Network Neutrality Network neutrality refers to the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally [2]. However, as in everything, network neutrality has proponents and oppo- nents. The proponents claim that telecom companies without network neutrality may try to impose a tiered service mode in order to control the Internet traffic via certain pipelines (per traffic type of per flow) and with that to remove the competition and oblige end-users to buy particular services from them. That may result in the creation of the "dirt road" effect. This refers to the concern that Internet traffic management and prioritization may motivate network operators to degrade non-prioritized traffic by applying prioritization to traffic from selected OTT services and applications, thus turning the best-effort-based Internet into a "dirt road" of poor capacity and quality for many other services. The opponents of network neutrality regulation argue that the best solution for the broadband providers is to encourage greater competition among service providers, QoS for Fixed and Mobile Ultra-Broadband, First Edition. Toni Janevski. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2019 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 8 Network Neutrality which is currently limited in many areas by having no possibility for agreements between telecom operators and third-party service providers for differentiated pro- vision of their services over the public Internet network (the telecom operator has the means to provide differentiated QoS in its broadband and ultra-broadband fixed and mobile access networks, as well as in regional core networks, but with network neutrality that is limited to managed IP networks). Network neutrality has taken on va