fe and work changes more as a result of information and communications technology development [11]. Introduction Developing Developed 2015* Figure 1.8 Fixed and wireless broadband subscriber numbers (columns, left-hand vertical axis) and the total penetration ratio (dotted line, right-hand vertical axis) in developed and developing countries. ITU data [10] and author analysis. 2013-*2015 figures are estimates. Source: Informa Telecoms and Media, July 2011. Reproduced with permission of Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OCED) 10.0% US ICT share in GDP EU27 ICT share in GDP Figure 1.9 ICT share of GDP in the US and EU. Source: http://www.oecd.org/sti/broadband/ oecdkeyictindicators.htm, from 'Share of ICT-related occupations in the total economy in selected countries, narrow definition', accessed 4 February 2014. Reproduced with permission of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Broadband Telecommunications Technologies and Management Further demonstrating the importance of telecommunications is the significant share of ICT expenditure and revenue in national GDPs. In the OECD alone the total telecom sector revenue stood at some $1.36 trillion. It has been growing steadily at a CAGR of nearly 7% over the past three decades [12, 13]. A large number of services depend on broadband telecommunications. These include tele- medicine, remote manufacturing, tele-education, and telepresence conferencing. Broadband telecommunications has facilitated a global infrastructure that supports hitherto unforeseen services and business activities. The coming decades are expected to witness the roll-out of a network of sensors which collect information on our environment and surroundings, our health, our work and many other aspects of our lives and share it across a network referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). These systems are expected to connect over a ubiquitous tele- communications network, development and roll-out of which is forecast to be a major economic activity in both