 DVB-IPDC for these functions. 9.12.2.4 MediaFLO MediaFlo is Qualcomm's solution to broadcast TV services to mobile phones. The FLO (Forward Link Only) is the air interface technology of the MedioFLO system. FLO means that data transmission will take place in the downlink direction only (i.e., from the network to the device). A 3G cellular network is re- quired to provide control functions to support interactivity and facilitate user authorization to the service. The FLO technology is designed from the ground up to support broadcast services overlaying a cellular network. Thus, FLO doesn't need any backward compatibility constraints. Like, DVB-H it supports channel bandwidths of 5, 6, 7 and 8 MHz and can operate in UHF, VHF and L frequency bands (from 450 MHz to 3 GHz). The FLO technology is a global open standard and its standardization activities have taken place in ETSI, ITU and TIA. FLO published standards are as follows [24]: TIA-1099 FLO Air Interface TIA-1102 FLO Minimum Performance Specification for Devices TIA-1103 FLO Minimum Performance Specification for Transmitters TIA-1104 FLO Test Application Protocols TIA-1120 FLO Transport Specification TIA-1130 FLO Media Adaptation Layer Specification TIA-1132 FLO Repeater Minimum Performance Specification TIA-1146 FLO Open Conditional Access (Open CA) Specification. ETSI: Published TS 102 589, "Forward Link Only Air Interface; Specification for Terrestrial Mobile; Multimedia Multicast" ITU: ITU Recommendation BT.1833 on "Broadcast of multimedia and data applications for mobile reception by handheld receivers" 9.12.2.4.1 FLO System Architecture A FLO system is comprised of four sub-systems namely the Network Operation Center, FLO Transmit- ters, 3G Network (CDMA or WCDMA), and FLO-enabled devices (also known as MediaFLO Handsets). The schematic diagram in Figure 9.15 shows an example of the FLO network [25]: NOC: It consists of a National Operations Center and one or more Local Operation Centers. The NOC can include the billing, distribution, and content managem