and critical communication. The high targets of 5G networks require a number of new technology components. This chapter presents an overview of the main new technologies in 5G compared to Long Term Evolution (LTE). A summary is shown in Table 3.1. The chapter is divided into spectrum utiliza- tion, beamforming, physical layer and protocols, network slicing, dual connectivity, and new architecture with radio cloud and edge computing. Each topic is explained in the corresponding section in this chapter. 3.2 Spectrum Utilization 3.2.1 Frequency Bands 5G radio is designed for flexible spectrum utilization to take advantage of all available spectrum options from 400 MHz to 90 GHz including licensed, shared access and 5G Technology: 3GPP New Radio, First Edition. Edited by Harri Holma, Antti Toskala, and Takehiro Nakamura. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 3 Technology Components Table 3.1 Main new technology areas in 5G. Spectrum utilization Spectrum above 6 GHz Bandwidth 100-400 MHz Spectrum occupancy up to 98% Flexible control channel locations in frequency domain Beamforming User-specific demodulation reference signals Common channel beamforming Optimized MIMO feedback signaling Physical layer and protocols Low latency: mini-slot, self-contained subframe, pipeline processing Lean carrier with flexible reference signals LDPC channel coding OFDM uplink waveform Network slicing Service-specific end-to-end network slices Flow-based QoS support Dynamic Quality of Experience Dual connectivity Simultaneous radio connection to 5G and LTE radios Usage of LTE protocols and core network Higher data rate with 5G and LTE aggregation Radio cloud and edge computing Interface between remote radio unit and centralized baseband Edge computing support for local content and local breakout Typical Spectrum bandwidth Use cases 90 GHz >1000 MHz Above 60 GHz Local hot spot capacity 30 GHz Indoor and outdoor Extreme data rates 5 Gbps and beyond 800 MHz 24-39 GHz Fixed wireless 10 GHz 100 MHz Urban macro