ns, small cell-related enhancements have been covered in Release 12 and first set of relevant items started in Release 13 for LTE-Advanced further evolution. While in many markets, small cell are not yet critical to be implement due to low traffic volume in LTE, in some markets, there is more interest for small cell deployments. Release 12 solution forms good basis for small cell deployments, especially when downlink direction is foreseen to dominate in terms of data volumes. Release 13 solutions will build on these principles while provided obviously additional enhancements as well. References [1] 3GPP TR 36.842, 'Study on Small Cell Enhancements for E-UTRA and E-UTRAN; Higher Layer Aspects', v.12.0.0, December 2013. [2] 3GPP Tdoc R1-133485, 'On Small Cell On/Off Switching', August 2013. [3] 3GPP Tdoc RP-150156, 'New WI Proposal: Dual Connectivity Enhancements for LTE', March 2015. [4] 3GPP Tdoc RP-142286, 'New WI Proposal: LTE Carrier Aggregation Enhancement Beyond 5 Carriers', Decem- ber 2014. Small Cell Deployment Options Harri Holma and Benny Vejlgaard Introduction Small Cell Motivation Network Architecture Options Frequency Usage Selection of Small Cell Location Indoor Small Cells Cost Aspects Summary References 5.1 Introduction The number of small cells will increase during the next years driven by the need for more capacity and for better coverage. The small cell concept covers a number of different options from relatively high power outdoor micro cells to indoor pico cells and very low power femto cells. The small cell network architecture has a number of options depending on the use case and depending on the available transport infrastructure. The small deployments also need to consider the frequency usage between macro cells and small cells. This chapter discusses many of these small cell deployment options. Section 5.2 presents the main motivations for the small cell deployment and Section 5.3 illustrates the network architecture options. The frequency usage between macro cell and small cell is discus