ice needs, wide spectrum of, 269 1080i and 1080p systems: technology advancements, 267-8 interlaced analog component video, 493, 495 telephony services, 268-9 interlaced digital component video, 495-6 history and background, 259-61 progressive analog component video, 495 radio access network evolution, 270-2 progressive digital component video, 496-7 spectrum for, 264-6 1152i format, 493, 495 standardization: 3GPP, 262-3 IMT-2000 activities, in ITU, 263-4 AAL2, 168, 174 process, 261-2 Absorbing Boundary Condition (AbBC), 317 system architecture evolution, 272 Abstraction, 158 3GPP TSG RAN, 262, 270 Accelerated Retroactive Decoding (ARD), 228 4:1:1 YCbCr format, 473, 474 'Acceptance angle', 29 4:2:0 YCbCr format, 474, 475 Access point (AP), 387, 388, 389, 415 4:2:2 YCbCr format, 473 ACK method, 232 4:4:4 YCbCr format, 473-4, 475, 476 Acknowledgment (ACK) packet, 224 4-PSK, 212 Adaptive Clocking, 167 4-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (4-QAM), 216, 217 Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), 296 16QAM modulation, 216-18, 277 Adaptive radios, 118, 122-3 50 $ line, 52 Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, 205 64-QAM, 216-18 Adjacent channel selectivity, 35 75 L line, 52 Admission-control, 195 140 S line, 52 Admission control agents, 196 300 S line, 52 ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code 480i and 480p systems: Modulation), 167 interlaced analog component video, 484-5 Advanced Communication Technologies and Services interlaced analog composite video, 484 (ACTS), 261 interlaced digital component video, 486-8 Advanced networking, 10 progressive analog component video, 485-6 Advanced radio classes, properties of, 124 progressive digital component video, 488 Advanced retransmission schemes, 302 SIF and QSIF, 488 Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method, 317 480i video systems, 484 Amplified aerial distribution systems, using amplifiers, 32-3 576i and 576p systems: Amplified antenna distribution systems, 32 interlaced analog component video, 488-9 Amplitude modulation (AM), 17-18 interlaced analog composite vide