377 Twisted pair, 15-16, 36-7, 41, 54 Valves, 22, 125, 167, 251 Twitter, 137 Variable capacitors, 154 Two way radio networks, 303-4, 326 Vatican Radio, 279 TX (transmit) and RX (receive) efficiency, VCO (voltage controlled oscillator), 113 76, 86, 106, 112, 120, 149, 261, 290, 296 VDSL, 17, 36, 38-41, 44-5, 105, 261 Verizon, 10, 286, 288, 298, 309-11, 349 UDP, 75, 154, 339, 343-4 Vertical cavity resonators, 31 UHF, 107, 109, 127, 279, 281-2, 284, 287, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, 27 289, 296-7, 304-5, 318, 324, 348, 352 VGA (video graphics array), 200-201, 210 ULC, 379 VHF, 22, 168, 279, 281, 304-5, 348, 352 Ultralow-Cost Access, 383 Vianet, 348 Ultralow-Cost Handset, 107 Video bandwidth, 73-5, 182 Ultralow-Cost Network, 383 Video object groupings (VOG), 190 Ultralow-Cost Phone, 379 Video object layers (VOL), 190 Ultralow-Cost Storage, 383 Video object planes (VOP), 190 Ultrawideband technologies, 299 Video object sequence (VOS), 190 UMD drive, 204 Video quality, 179, 182 UMTS, 3, 103, 108, 110-111, 116, 119, 123, Vignetting, 186 147, 264, 284, 384 Virgin Media, 169, 273 United Arab Emirates, 321, 324 Visual radio systems, 280 Universal broadband connectivity, 247 Vodabank, 230 Universal broadband infrastructure, 249 Vodafone, 10, 141, 230, 270, 286, 365 Universal Grocery products Identification Voice and video processing, 36, 70-75, Code, 360 87-8, 116, 129, 191, 222-3, 238, 240 Universal mini disk, 202-3 Voice of Russia, 276 Universal Product Code, 360 Volume thresholds, 115-16 Universal service obligation, 271 VSWR, 26, 339 Universal Turing Machine, 237 Uplink duty cycles, 80 Walkman (Sony), 171 Upper Band 700 MHz LTE, 309 Wallace, Alfred Russell, 370 US 800 MHz public safety, 310 Walsh, Joseph, 58, 60, 65 Index WAP (wireless access profile), 130 Wireline Equivalent Privacy (WEP), 72 Watt, James, 252 Wolfson Microelectronics, 132 WCDMA, 86, 96, 101, 108, 120, 123, 130, Woodland, Norman, 360 150, 159 World Bank, the, 249 WDM PON network, 28-31 World mobile market, 10 Wedgewood-Benn, Anthony, 270 Wor