y, 215-216 negative-impedance, 104 fades, fading, and fade margins, 212-215 request/grant scheme, IEEE, 802.16, 355 four-wire, 75-76 RequestID field, in SNMP messages, 557 frequency planning and assignment, 216-217 reroute controls, 552 frequency reuse, 476-478 residential gateway, 398 impairments in, 464-467 residual error rate, 255 line-of-sight microwave connectivity, 197-212 residual excited linear predictive (RELP) coder, in the mobile environment, 462-464 mobile satellite communications, 484-485 resistance, 577 network access techniques, 468-476 in closed circuits, 578-579, 580-584 personal communications services, 478-481 resistance-capacitance balancing network, 76 point-to-multipoint full-duplex, 170 resistance design (RD), 98-100 wireless LANs, 483-484 resistance design boundary, 98 radio transmission, 28, 36-38, 196-197 determining, 99 radio waves, 25 resistance design limit, 98 rainfall attenuation, 220 resistance limits rainfall-restricted frequencies, 216 calculating, 96 RAKE receiver, 476 subscriber loop, 95 random access, 299 resistance noise, 270 random errors, 255 resistivity, 579 random noise, 270, 271f resistors, in RC circuits, 592-593 random selection queue discipline, 63 resolution, 404 random write, sequential read time switch, 130, resonance, 601-602 return loss, 77, 631-632 range response (RNG-RSP), 356 improving, 192 range extender (loop extender), 97, 101 relation to impedance match, 188-189 ranging requests (RNG-REQs), 354, 356 on trunk facilities, 103 rates and tariffs scheme, 175 return-to-zero (RZ) transmission, 265 RC (resistor-capacitor) circuits, 592-593 reverse address resolution protocol (RARP), 323 reactance, 597 reverse-battery signaling, 165-166 ready-to-send (RTS) packet, 343 revised resistance design (RRD), 101 receive loudness rating (RLR), 44 RF bandwidths, 36-37. See also radio frequencies receive not ready (RNR) frame, 287 RF/transmission, 421 receiver, perfect, 49 ring-back, 14, 150, 160 receiver diode sensitivities, 238 ring-down signaling method, 70 receive ready (