e three main service types regarding QoS requirements [15]. In that manner the KPIs are targeted separately to each of the service types. However, although URLLC and mMTC are expected to lead further the innovations in mobile services, one may expect IP traffic growth in mobile networks in the 5G era (i.e. the period 2020-2030 and beyond) to continue to be Inter- net traffic (that is, traffic from all OTT applications and services) via ultra-broadband 7 Broadband QoS Parameters, KPIs, and Measurements mobile access (i.e. eMBB). URLLC and mMTC are targeted for IoT services, i.e. mak- ing different things smart via development of various smart services (e.g. smart homes, smart cities). 7.6 KPIs for Smart Sustainable Cities With increasing use of the ICTs in all segments of living, one of the most remarkable use cases of smart services is through the development of smart sustainable cities (SSC) ser- vices. According to the ITU-T definition [16], an SSC is an innovative city that uses ICTs as well as other means to improve the quality of life of citizens, efficiency of urban opera- tion and services, and competitiveness, while ensuring that it meets the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social and environmental aspects. The ICT architecture for the SSC aims to provide certain services for the citizens, which include intelligent transportation services, e-government, e-business, smart health services, smart energy services, smart water supply services, etc. For provision of such services, SSC is based on multi-tier architecture from the communication point of view, as shown in Figure 7.8. The ICT architecture for SSC consists of the following layers (bottom - up): sensing layer (it connects various terminals, such as sensors, RFIDs, cameras, etc.), network layer (it consists of different fixed and mobile networks), data and support layer (it stores the collected data from the sensing layer into clouds), and application layer (it includes applications for the SSC services, such as smart