nt-based management platform that does trend monitoring to take actions in the event of an error and maintains the quality of service. Next Generation Network Management (NGNM) Well-defined interface and information points between the transport and network stratum, the management and control plane, and finally between administrative boundaries. Provide an integrated view of management across various planes from ele- ment to business management. NGN management should have an architecture and supporting business pro- cess that will go along with seamless introduction of new services. M.3060 was one of the first and most comprehensive documents from a stan- dardizing body. Many other standardizing bodies followed the lead of ITU-T and came up with specifications on next generation network management to satisfy the requirements in various technology and domain segments. 17.5 Conclusion ITU-T and TMF came up with many more documents for NGNM, other than M.3060 and TR133. Some of the notable ones include ITU-T M.3016 series on security for the management plane, ITU-T M.3050 series on enhanced telecom operations map that is based on the TMF document GB921, ITU-T M.3341 for QoS/SLA management service, ITU-TM.3350 on ETS management service, TMF shared information and data model GB922, and TMF513 on multitechnology net- work management (MTNM). Other standardizing bodies that have published specifications for NGNM include: 3GPP: The specifications were mainly on charging management and integra- tion reference points (IRP) for alarm, configuration, notification, and state management. ATIS: Specification on usage data management for packet-based services. DMTF: Their main contributions include the common information model (CIM) and web-based enterprise management (WBEM). ETSI: Main documents were TS 188 001 on NGN OSS architecture, TS 188 003 on NGN OSS requirements, and TS 188 004 on NGN OSS vision. IETF: Contributions include the NETCONF protocol that is mainly quoted as NGNM protocol, SNMPv3, and SMIv2 (structure of manage