es) QoS encouragement QoS enforcement (for developed telecom/ (for not developed ICT markets) telecom/ICT markets) Ensuring QoS compliance ICT - Information and communication technologies QoS - Quality of service Figure 9.6 Regulation approaches for ensuring QoS compliance. 9 QoS Regulatory Framework possible always under the law in a given country, and typically enforcement procedures with financial intensities may involve longer court processes (dependent upon the legislation that regulates the QoS). Also, there is the possibility that telecom operators or service providers will consider financial penalties as operational costs, SO when they are applied the penalties should be proportional to that provider's turnover (e.g. percentage of turnover). However, the best QoS enforcement is through market forces, when operators compete among themselves. Higher completion ensures higher QoS and lowest possible prices which are acceptable for most customers and still assure profitable businesses for the telecom operators. Generally, the main aspects regarding QoS enforcement mechanisms [10] are given as follows: Publishing all measurements. It helps to show to all parties that the regulator is fair and open. By publishing measurement results (on the NRA's website, in the official gazette, etc.) the NRA helps customers to have information when choosing a provider. Also, the measurements are usually the main technique for encouraging compliance with QoS obligations. Publicizing deficiencies to customers. This is accomplished in various ways, such as notes on QoS levels in users' bills, or advertisements because QoS regulation is tar- geted to provide comparisons between the operators or against the given QoS targets in the country. Demanding extra measurements. This can be useful and appropriate when the actions needed to improve QoS can have a very fast effect (e.g. with network optimization). Monitoring the implementation of QoS corrective plans. This may require third party agencies with human capacity in telecom netwo