The fundamental building block of hardware and software to make the VNF virtualization possible on shared hardware comes under this block. Management and Orchestration (MANO) Block: Management and Orchestration of Infrastructure resources & VNFs (virtual network functions). VIRTUAL NETWORK FUNCTIONS Software Implementation of Individual network functions that can be deployed in a shared virtualized environment and decoupled from the underlying hardware. The idea of NFV is to build these software functions instead of the traditional vendor hardware installations and reduce the overall expenditure for maintenance & capital Investment to purchase the Individual hardware. Implementation of VNFs like a virtual firewall or a virtual router behaves the same way as the vendor pre- integrated device. CISCO'S VNF PORTFOLIO IOSXRv CSR1000v Nexus 1000v vWAAS 6. vWLC Figure 4. Efficient resource utilization through local balancing and scaling resources demand HYPERVISOR HYPERVISOR HYPERVISOR SERVER 1 SERVER 2 SERVER 3 Downloaded 4/15/2022 9:44:49 AM Nova Southeastern University IP Address: 137.52.76.29 NFV Practical Implementation Figure 5. Workstation accessing virtual resources within NFV infrastructure ANYHYPERVISOR ANY HYPERVISOR ANY HYPERVISOR PHYSICAL SERVER ANY HYPERVISOR ANY HYPERVISOR PHYSICAL NETWORK 7. vESA 8. vWSA NETWORK FUNCTIONS VIRTUALIZATION INFRASTRUCTURE NFVI is the underlying Infrastructure (compute, networking, storage) on which the VNFs are hosted. Shared hardware resources that VNFs uses to get the compute, connectivity & space as per the requirements. Figure 6. CONTROLLER AND ORCHESTRATOR PLATFORM VIRTUAL NFV os HYPERVISOR INTERFACE MGNT. SWITCHING UNDERLYING HARDWARE Downloaded 4/15/2022 9:44:49 AM Nova Southeastern University IP Address: 137.52.76.29 NFV Practical Implementation The hardware resources are logically divided into different virtual blocks and these virtual blocks are further presented as an Independent hardware for each virtual network functions. MANAGEMENT AND ORCHESTRATION (MANO) ETSI