odem design complexity. For example, the 20-fold increase in peak data rate and a suite of new CSI feedback signals both increase computational complexity tremendously. Another aspect that is highlighted is the effort put into NR specification development to alleviate these impacts, for example, rate-compatible LDPC and BWP adaptation. Yet another aspect is hardware sharing, which, among other facets of modem architecture design, is one of those challenges that cannot be addressed by specification of a new radio technology but that are left to modem engineers to overcome. Finally, insights into the upcoming NR enhancement in UE power saving are presented. In particular, the introduction of a UE energy efficiency metric could enable the network to adapt its behavior dynamically, enabling it to provide the 5G user experience to customers without degradation of the device's battery lifetime compared to 4G. 5G NR has been engineered to address the needs, known and future, of many industries, to enable new services and experiences, through a high degree of in-built References flexibility and configurability. Such flexibility allows network operators to source and deploy networks tailored to their needs. However good such flexibility is in providing a wide range of services and experiences, it is extremely difficult to accommodate it in a device's modem in a cost-effective way, for example, to properly dimension the various modules inside a modem. Yet, the final price point is critical in ensuring the wide and rapid adoption of 5G NR, especially in mass-market products such as the smartphone. In conclusion, for 5G NR to be introduced smoothly into the market, all actors in the ecosystem, including operators, network and device vendors, and especially the modem suppliers, must work together to ensure the availability of a wide range of affordable devices served by stable and robust networks. Only with such a collaborative model can 5G really thrive and bring forth the productivity and convenience it promises to the end 