 investments, especially for broadband. For fibre systems IP/Ethernet is gaining ground with advantages regarding price and bandwidth management. 5.15 TELECOM MANAGEMENT AND THE SERVICE PLAN Because of the increased revenue focus in the present competitive environment the man- agement system must be a money-maker as well as save money. It has to adapt to the convergence and horizontalization of the networks. It should also support operator/service provider moves along the value chain, especially the new service layer. This requires a layered management, at least with connectivity (access, core), control and service layer management. See Figure 5.30. Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business User data FAB = Actor-user Business relationship interface, with fulfilment, Charges assurance and Billing billing Content Customer support SM = Service Roles HE VASP management NM = Network management Service network Fundamental Control network technical plans HE-VASP = Home Connectivity environment value network added services Management provider solution Figure 5.30 A layered network requires a layered management Application servers Application support Management servers systems Environment Service LAN IP backbone Service capability servers Figure 5.31 The new service layer requires management Typically, the service explosion requires a new management focus: the service layer management. The service networks have their own management systems. The service capability servers and application support servers (together called service enablers) in the service network are potential key revenue enablers. Applications can be created by third party or the network operator/service provider. See Figure 5.31. Service management is treated in Chapter 16. Security 'The trick is not to hide, but to remain secure in the open.' 'On the net, nobody knows that you are a dog.' 6.1 OBJECTIVES A main objective of this chapter is to integrate security and telecom. Some specific goals of the chapter are to: 