metrical codes, 19 TCP/IP reference model, 74 differentiated services, Synchronization for data TDFAs. See Thulium-Doped 392-393 transmission, 46-52 Fiber Amplifiers fast reroute, 395-396 Synchronous containers, 313-317, TDM. See Time Division integrated services, 390-391 319, 322-324, 327-328 Multiplexing resource-oriented, 393-395 Synchronous data transfer, 33 TE tunnels, 395 RSVP-TE, 391-392 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy TECs. See Thermo-electric summary, 396-397 (SDH), 149-150, 311, 343-344 coolers Traffic trunks, 392 and ATM, 362 Telecommunications Traffic types in video transport, basis, 313 Management Network 73-74 channels and TUGs, 321-325 (TMN), 334 Transfer function in companding concatenation, 344-351 TeleManagement Forum (TMF), laws, 17-18 GFP, 355-359 Transform coding, 63-64 Index Transmission, 24-25, 30-31 TTFs. See Transport Termination VHF frequency, 276 analogue and digital signals, Functions Video 31-32 TTL. See Time-to-Live field codecs, 53 attenuation, 40-41 TUGs. See Tributary Unit Groups file transfer, 74 bandwidth and data rate, 34 Tunnels in LSP, 383, 395 transmission. See Digital video baseband, 35-36 Turbo codes, 100-101, 206 transmission channel capacity, 35 Turbo Convolution Code (TCC), Video transport over Internet, 73 delay distortion, 41 countering loss effects, 81-83 digital video. See Digital video Turbo Product Code (TPC), 101 data transfer, 74-75 transmission 2-D parity codes, 91 delay and jitter, 76 introduction, 29-30 Two-dimensional variable-length network queuing, 77-78 modulation, 36-40 coding, 65 packet loss, 75-76 noise and interference, 41-43 Type of Service (ToS) technique, packet loss statistics, 78-81 optical fiber. See Optical fiber traffic types, 73-74 transmission Types of error, 87 transmission, 76-77 serial and parallel, 32-34 Virtual channel identifiers, 411 timing and synchronization, Virtual Circuit Identifier (VCI) 46-52 UDP. See User Datagram Protocol field, 370-371, 378 trends, 52-53 UHF antennas, 305-306 Virtual Concatenation (VCAT), video transport over 