 one transmission per minute and each transmission lasting 0.1 S, the energy consumption is less than 10 uWh per transmission. Energy efficiency assumes a three-sector 100 MHz macro base station, busy hour average throughput 1 Gbps, busy hour share 7%, base station average power con- sumption 200 W, and that 20% of base stations carry 50% of traffic. The efficiency improvement of 5x compared to LTE is obtained with power saving techniques at low load and with a wideband carrier up to 100 MHz. A spectral efficiency of 10 bps/Hz/cell assumes the use of massive MIMO beamforming and four antenna devices. The typical LTE downlink efficiency 1.5-2.0 bps/Hz/cell in the live networks with 2x2 MIMO. 5G Capacity Boost The first use case for 5G is more capacity and higher data rate for mobile broadband. 5G brings more capacity to mobile networks with wider bandwidth and improved spectral efficiency thanks to massive MIMO and other technologies. The maximum bandwidth in LTE is 20 MHz. A typical spectral efficiency in LTE networks is 1.5-2.0 bps/Hz, which is the average efficiency during the busy hour, leading to a cell throughput of 40 Mbps. 5G has bandwidth up to 100 MHz at frequencies of 2.5-5.0 GHz. The spectral efficiency of 4-10 bps/Hz leads to a cell throughput of up to 800 Mbps, which corresponds to a 20 times higher cell capacity in 5G compared to the typical LTE case. 5G brings a major capacity boost by using more spectrum and by providing higher spectral efficiency (see Figure 1.7). 1.8-2.6 GHz 2.5-5.0 GHz 20 MHz 100 MHz¹ 2 bps / Hz 10 bps / Hz 40 Mbps 800 Mbps 5G with massive LTE 2x2 cell throughput cell throughput beamforming 1 80% downlink Spectral efficiency [bps/Hz] Cell bandwidth [MHz] Cell throughput [Mbps] Figure 1.7 Capacity boost with 5G at 2.5-5.0 GHz. 1 Introduction 5G Standardization and Schedule 3GPP started the work toward 5G specifications with a workshop in 2015. A 5G study item was kicked off in 2016 followed by work items in 2017. The first set of 5G spec- ifications was completed from the conten