 waveform still maintains the single-carrier properties. In the latter mechanism, the PT-RS are inserted after DFT precoding of the data symbols via various mechanisms such as puncturing. The PAPR of such a mechanism can how- ever be controlled by using some signal processing techniques. In the time domain, the PT-RS locations can be configured to be either present in every symbol or every other symbol. The NR supports pre-DFT PT-RS insertion to conserve the single carrier property. In the frequency domain, PT-RSs are transmitted in every second or fourth resource block, resulting in a sparse frequency-domain structure. The density in the frequency domain corre- sponds to the scheduled transmission bandwidth such that the higher the bandwidth, the lower the PT-RS density. For the smallest bandwidths, no PT-RS is transmitted. To reduce the risk of collisions between PT-RSs associated with different devices scheduled on overlapping time- frequency resources, the subcarrier number and the resource blocks used for PT-RS transmis- sion are determined by the C-RNTI of the UE. The antenna port used for PT-RS transmission is given by the lowest numbered antenna port in the DM-RS antenna port group [14]. In a multi-TRP deployment, a UE can be supported by multiple co-located or non-co-located transmission points belonging to the same or different gNBs. The NR further supports large number of antenna elements at the gNB. These antenna elements are typically grouped as New Radio Access Physical Layer Aspects (Part 2) 599 panels, where the signals feeding the antenna panels are generated by separate oscillators, which require individual phase noise compensation. In designing PT-RS for multi-TRP deploy- ments, the orthogonal time-frequency allocation of PT-RS is crucial to minimize interference. The orthogonality of the PT-RS can be ensured in the frequency domain via frequency-division multiplexing of the PT-RS bearing resource elements. The increase in signaling overhead is a valid concern when there is a higher number of g