 indicates the presence of downlink traffic pending for the specific MS or it is intended to poll an MS and request a location update without requiring a full network entry, or to request an MS to perform measurements for location-based services. In addition, an emergency alert indicator is included in the paging message to notify the idle mobile stations of any emergency information. In IEEE 802.16m, the temporary identifier, paging cycle, and paging offset are used uniquely to identify an idle MS in a particular paging group. The temporary identifier is assigned during Idle State entry or location update due to paging group change. Such identifier remains valid as long as the MS stays in the same paging group. The temporary identifier and paging cycle are used in paging messages to identify the MS. The temporary identifier, together with the paging cycle and paging offset, is used by the MS to identify itself during its network re-entry procedure as a response to paging or location update when paging group is not changed. An MS may be assigned one or more paging groups. In that case, it may be assigned multiple paging offsets within a paging cycle where each paging offset corresponds to a different paging group. The MS is not required to perform location update when it moves within its assigned paging groups. The assignment of multiple paging offsets to an MS allows the MS to monitor paging message at different paging offsets when the MS is located in one of the paging groups. If an MS is assigned to more than one paging group, one of the paging groups is called Primary Paging Group and others are known as Secondary Paging Groups. If an MS is assigned to one paging group, that paging group is considered the Primary Paging Group. When different paging offsets are assigned to an MS, the Primary Paging Offset is shorter than the Secondary Paging Offsets. The distance between two adjacent paging offsets should be sufficiently long SO that the MS paged in the first paging offset can inform the network before the nex