a" concept to "dynamic antenna beamforming system concept;" From a human-workflow-scale slower semi-static antenna control approach to a lower latency dynamic machine-oriented antenna control approach. In contrast to 4G, 5G on the other hand, is (if anything) beam-centric. That is, 5G has a conceptual model of time-frequency resource management that inherently contemplates an explicitly integrated spatial dimension, rather than 3G/4G's mostly implicit management of spatial domain management via power control, static cell/sector laydown, and low-rank MIMO, or 4G's more explicitly, though arguably (from a standards perspective rather than vendor-specific implementation perspective) "tacked on" "3D/FD-MIMO" beamforming nature minimally integrated into the standardized 4G RAN system architecture. These recent dynamic beam-centric antenna control/monitoring and management interfaces currently consist of complementary specifications from the O-RAN Alliance and 3GPP, and are part of the accelerating move from closed/proprietary antenna and fronthaul interfaces toward open and standardized interfaces. As of March 2019, the O-RAN Alliance O-RAN Fronthaul CUS Plane spec and follow-on July 2019 Version 2.0 specifies a functional split that is within the PHY layer of the 5G protocol stack (see Section 4.5 for details). Sending of antenna beamforming subsystem control messages is one function of this open fronthaul interface specification. This new open interface enables new very low latency machine-scale control loops - switching beams on even a symbol-by-symbol basis if needed. Within the O-RAN Fronthaul CUS Plane specification, there is an abstract (high-level) open beamforming interface that provides a standard abstract interface for operators and vendors to specify just what directional beams they desire to be formed as energy over the air. As an abstract interface across different beamforming antenna subsystem technologies and products, it improves interoperability, technology-independence, and forward and backward comp