and organic VNF specific measurements. The NFV measurements are further enhanced where needed by vProbes (both passive and active), which are covered in Sections 16.8.2 and 16.8.33. 16.7.2 NFV INFRASTRUCTURE TELEMETRY DATA MODEL The NFV infrastructure telemetry data represents event notification of the baseline resource con- sumption at the infrastructure level, and will typically include the following: Compute, memory, and storage telemetry data monitors (CPU utilization rate, memory utilization rate, Disk I/O operations rate, etc.) Network interface monitor statistics (bytes, packets, rate, errors, drops, latency, jitter)- some measurements may be available via native telemetry service (OpenStack Ceilometer) and others may have to be collected via SDN controllers or underlay network switches Native and hypervisor logs, events, and alarm data Each native cloud environment will define its own telemetry service that exposes the native telemetry data. Since AIC is based on OpenStack and KVM (see Chapter 4), the telemetry service is supported by Ceilometer. 16.7.2.1 OpenStack Telemetry Service: Ceilometer Ceilometer* is an open source component of the OpenStack telemetry data collection service that provides the ability to normalize and transform data across all current OpenStack core components. Its data can be used to provide resource tracking, capacity planning/management, and alarming capabilities across all OpenStack core components. This section is compiled using reference infor- mation for Ceilometer 6.1.1 (2016) project of the OpenStack Foundation. The Ceilometer project was started in 2012 with the initial objective of enabling analytic engines to use this single source to transform events into billable usage records, which was labeled as "metering." As the project gained steam and began collecting an increasing number of meters across multiple projects, the OpenStack community started to realize that a secondary goal could be added to Ceilometer: become a standard way to collect measurements, regardless of