31, 'Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol Specification', v.10.9.0, 2013. [5] S. Kullback. Information Theory and Statistics, Dover (1968). Reprint of 1959 edition published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [6] E. Telatar, 'Capacity of Multi-antenna Gaussian Channels', European Transactions on Telecommunications, November-December, 585-595 (1999). [7] G. J. Foschini and M. J. Gans, 'On Limits of Wireless Communications in a Fading Environment When Using Multiple Antennas', Wireless Personal Communications, January, 311-335 (1998). [8] H. Holma and A. Toskala. LTE for UMTS, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester (2011). [9] 3GPP TS 36.314, 'Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Layer 2 - Measurements', v.10.2.0, 2011. [10] J. Salo, P. Suvikunnas, H. M. El-Sallabi, and P. Vainikainen, 'Ellipticity Statistic as Measure of MIMO Multipath Richness', Electronics Letters, 42(3), 45-46 (2006). [11] 3GPP TS 36.101, 'Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS) Radio Transmis- sion and Reception', v.10.10.0, 2013. Capacity Optimization Jussi Reunanen, Riku Luostari and Harri Holma 13.1 Introduction Traffic Profiles in Mass Events Uplink Interference Management Downlink Interference Management Signalling Load and Number of Connected Users Dimensioning Load Balancing 13.7 Capacity Bottleneck Analysis Summary References 13.1 Introduction In this chapter the LTE network capacity limits are introduced and ways to improve the performance during high traffic events (mass events) are discussed in detail. Capacity analysis is done on cluster level (whole mass event area) as well as on cell level. The highest loaded cells (in terms of data volume and resource utilization) from several different mass events are used to show the process of capacity bottleneck analysis. The main factors impacting the high traffic event performance are shown in the Figure 13.1 and are all analysed in detail in the following sections. The average user traffic 