intenance of new services will be increasingly located to the service management layer. Service network management can be divided into application and network management and service management for service provisioning and service data management. Service provisioning is defined as the process of handling the data in the network that is related to subscriptions, and service data management as operations on service data. Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business Today: own sets of vertical applications, with own provisioning (P), management (M), and other resources (R) Common architecture: reuse common services One common solution: shift to a horizontal architecture, using Common provisioning service network building blocks Common management Common resources Figure 9.9 Common utilization of resources Telecom business Billing Charging info Business management Service management Service layer Network management Element management Control Business management Service management Traffic resources Network management Element management M = Management system Figure 9.10 The basic management 'pyramid' is complemented with a new one for the service layer, including the service network, and service and business process management start migrat- ing upwards Service Network 9.9 SERVICE NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION 9.9.1 GENERAL Summing up the network structure the application servers and other service network com- ponents are interconnected over an IP network, which allows for a distributed deployment of the service capability servers and the application servers. The interconnection may be in an Intranet or between Intranets (e.g. tunnelled over the Internet). Based on the definitions of a 3G service network, a service network solution must be able to efficiently handle four interfaces. First, there is one interface to the mobile networks. The enablers called resource managers/service capability servers are directly connected to the core network and offer that interface. Secondly, there is one 