narrowband WDM, SONET, 216 transponders, 128 networks transport overhead, 159 management, 170 transporting extra traffic on BLSRs, 208 topologies, 191 UPSRs (unidirectional path-switched OADMs (optical add/drop modules), rings), 173, 198 132-134 virtual rings, 200 OAM&P, 169 VTs (Virtual Tributaries), 158, 162 OC levels, 157 WDM, 215 optical amplifiers, 128-129 wideband WDM, SONET, 215 optical hubs, 197 SONET next Gen, 228-232 OSS interfaces, 169 design issues, 241 overhead, 180 edge products, 245 OXCs (optical crossconnects), 134 financial issues, 236, 238 path problems, 190 hybrid implementation, 247-250 performance monitoring, 172, 191 market share, 234 physical layer maintenance, 185 product approaches, 243-244 point-to-point terminals, 191 variant implementations, 252-256 pointers, 163 viable business case, 239 PRS (Primary Reference Source), 180 span protection switching, SONET, 210 PTE (path-terminating equipment), 128 SPE (synchronous payload envelope), reconfiguration capabilities, 191 SONET, 159 regenerators, 127, 197 specifications, fiberoptics, 93 rerouting traffic, 206 splicing fiberoptics, 96 RPS (Ring Protection Switching), 210 sputtering, 266 Index SRP (Spatial Reuse Protocol), 337-338 thermo-optics, 139 standards thin film filters, WDM, 124 CWDM, 331 time slot labels, GMPLS, 385 GMPLS, 393 TOSA (Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly), optical networking, 140 CWDM, 329 SONET, 177 traffic engineering startup carriers GMPLS, 410 costs, 447 MPLS, 373 operations costs, 448 transceivers service offerings, 444-445 CWDM, 327 technical design, 445-446 DWDM, 38, 327 State Removed flag, GMPLS, 402 FSO, 429-430 step index fiberoptics, 76 transmitters STS-1 payload, SONET, 161 CWDM, 322 subtending rings, SONET, 194 fiberoptics, 109-111 suggested labels, GMPLS, 395-396 transponders survivable ring service interconnections, DWDM, 284 SONET, 212 evolution, 274 switching SONET, 128 GMPLS programming latency, 394 transport DWDM capacities, 287 entire fibers, 374 SONET overhead, 159 quantities, 375 trends in revenue, 49