RA cell search supports a scalable overall transmission bandwidth corresponding to 72 sub-carriers and upwards. E-UTRA cell search is based on primary and secondary synchronization signals and reference signals transmitted in the downlink. The primary and secondary synchronization signals are transmitted over the center 72 sub-carriers in the first and sixth subframe of each frame. Neighbor-cell search is based on the same downlink signals as initial cell search. 10 It specifies the data that will be sent to the peer protocol layer at the receiving end. 3GPP Evolved Packet System (EPS) 3.5.4 Uplink Transmission The uplink transmission scheme is based on single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), for both FDD and TDD. The uplink sub-carrier spacing of = 15 kHz. In the frequency domain, the number of resource blocks, range NRB-min = 6 to NRB-max = 110. The smallest resource unit for uplink transmissions is denoted a resource element. There are two cyclic-prefix lengths defined: Normal cyclic prefix and extended cyclic prefix corresponding to seven and six SC-FDMA symbol per slot respectively as shown in Equations (3.4) and (3.5) respectively [13] Normalcyclicprefix: TCP = 160xTs(SC-FDMA symbol #0), TCP = 144xTs(SC-FDMA symbol #1to#6)[14] (3.4) Extendedcyclicprefux: TCP-e = 512xTs(SC-FDMA symbol #Oto SC-FDMA symbol#5) [14] (3.5) 3.5.4.1 Channels An uplink physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying information originating from higher layers. Following three uplink physical channels are defined [13]: Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH Physical Uplink Control Channel, PUCCH Physical Random Access Channel, PRACH 3.5.4.1.1 PUSCH It is defined by one subframe and certain variables are used in the generation of the SC-FDMA signal. These variables in PUSCH determine the transmission bandwidth and frequency hopping pattern which are under the control of the uplink scheduler and may vary on a per-subframe basis. Figure 3.8 shows the uplink transmission on uplink shared channel. In the first step bits are scram