M (ADPCM) 3.7.5 Speech Coding of GSM 3.7.6 Summary of Speech-Coding Methods Power Levels of Signals and Decibels 3.8.1 Decibel, Gain, and Loss 3.8.2 Power Levels 3.8.3 Digital Milliwatt Problems and Review Questions References Transmission Basic Concept of a Transmission System 4.1.1 Elements of a Transmission System 4.1.2 Signals and Spectra Radio Transmission 4.2.1 CW Modulation Methods 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 Allocation of the Electromagnetic Spectrum Contents 4.2.6 Free-Space Loss of Radio Waves 4.2.7 Antennas Maximum Data Rate of a Transmission Channel 4.3.1 Symbol Rate (Baud Rate) and Bandwidth 4.3.2 Symbol Rate and Bit Rate 4.3.3 Maximum Capacity of a Transmission Channel Coding 4.4.1 Purpose of Line Coding 4.4.2 Spectrum of Common Line Codes Regeneration Multiplexing 4.6.1 Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) and TDM 4.6.2 PCM Frame Structure 4.6.3 Plesiochronous Transmission Hierarchy 4.6.4 SDH and SONET Transmission Media 4.7.1 Copper Cables 4.7.2 Optical Fiber Cables 4.7.3 Radio Transmission 4.7.4 Satellite Transmission Transmission Equipment in the Network 4.8.1 Modems 4.8.2 Terminal Multiplexers 4.8.3 Add/Drop Multiplexers 4.8.4 Digital Cross-Connect Systems 4.8.5 Regenerators or Intermediate Repeaters 4.8.6 Optical Line Systems 4.8.7 4.8.8 Optical Amplifiers 4.8.9 Microwave Relay Systems Problems and Review Questions References Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Mobile Communications Cellular Radio Principles Structure of a Cellular Network 5.2.1 Cellular Structure 5.2.2 HLR and VLR 5.2.3 Radio Channels Operating Principle of a Cellular Network 5.3.1 MS in Idle Mode 5.3.2 Outgoing Call 5.3.3 Incoming Call 5.3.4 Handover or Handoff 5.3.5 MS Transmitting Power Mobile Communication Systems 5.4.1 Cordless Telephones 5.4.2 PMR (Professional or Private Mobile Radio) 5.4.3 Radio Paging 5.4.4 Analog Cellular Systems 5.4.5 Digital Second Generation Cellular Systems 5.4.6 Third Generation Cellular Systems 5.4.7 Mobile Satellite Systems 5.4.8 WLANs 5.4.9 Bluetooth 5.5.1 Structure of the GS