presents some performance objectives and criteria for each operat- ing environment. The test operating environments are direct extracts from the recommendations consid- ered for the evaluation process of the Radio Transmission Technologies (RTTs) submit- ted to ETSI and ITU as UTRA candidate solutions. Thus, the contents bring together or are based entirely on the specifications outlined in Refs. [1-4]. 2.2.1 Mapping High Level Requirements onto Test Environments This section maps high level service requirements summarized in Chapter 1 onto test en- vironments described in the next sections. The mapping identifies the maximum user bit rate in each test environment, together with the maximum speed, expected range and as- sociated wide-band channel model. Table 2.1 illustrates the suggested reference values. Table 2.1 Radio Transmission Test Environments [2] High level Maximal bit rate Maximal Test environment Cell cover- description speed channel models Rural outdoor 144 kbit/s 500 km/h Vehicular channel A & B Macrocell Suburban outdoor 384 kbit/s 120 km/h Outdoor to indoor and Microcell pedestrian channel A & B Vehicular channel A Macrocell Indoor/ 2048 kbit/s 10 km/h Indoor channel A & B Picocell Low range out- Outdoor to indoor and Microcell pedestrian channel A 2.2.1.1 Reference Services The UMTS minimum set of services to appropriately characterize bearers include: ranges of supported data rates, BER requirements, one way delay requirements, activity factor and traffic models. The forthcoming section covers traffic models and Table 2.2 provides example values for access reference services, such as: Speech, Low Delay Data (LDD), Long delay Circuit Switched Data (LCD), Unrestricted Delay Data (UDD). The latter corresponds to connectionless data for packet services; 12.2 kbps corresponds to AMR rates not necessarily part of the early test recommendations [2]. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology Table 2.2 Reference Data Rates Test environments Indoor office Outdoor to indoor Vehicular Vehicular and pedes