t.bis, 505-506 G.SHDSL, 501-503 Gen2 standard, 680, 682 GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), 596 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), 593-595 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching based on TDMA, 567 (GMPLS). See GMPLS (Generalized Multi- EDGE with, 595-596 protocol Label Switching) GERAN enhancement for, 596 Generations of telecommunication technologies, GPRS enhancement for, 593-595 time frames of, 612 messaging services standards, 596-597 Generic Access Network (GAN), 653 overview of, 588-589 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP), 477 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE), 353, 362-363 H.323 protocol suite GEO (geosynchronous orbit), 62, 66-67 advantages/disadvantages of, 332 GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network), 596 components of, 331-332 GFP (Generic Framing Procedure), 477 overview of, 330-331 GGSN (gateway GPRS support node), 594, 699 HALE (high-altitude, long-endurance) satellites, Gigabit Ethernet with ATM in LANs, 231 Half-duplex transmission, 159-160 example of, 181 Handoff capability, 649, 652 replacing ATM, 238 Handset revolution Gigabit PONs (GPONs), 527-528 cognitive radio, 692-693 Gigabits per second (Gbps), 457 from mobile phones to multimedia, 689-691 G.lite.bis, 505-506 overview of, 688-689 Global System for Mobile Communications. See software-defined radio, 691-692 GSM (Global System for Mobile HANs (home area networks), 534-545 Communications) applications of, 535-536 GMPLS (Generalized Multiprotocol Label broadband PLT for, 530 Switching) control networks, 542-543 ASTN used interchangeably with, 477 elements of, 535-536 Internet performance and, 291 evolution of, 149, 534 IP+optical control plane with, 485-487 fiber optics for, 79 in peer-to-peer networks, 475 future of, 544-545 protocols for, 477 gateways and servers, 544 Index HANs (home area networks), continued High-Performance Radio MAN (HiperMAN), 630 market for, 535-536 High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), 593 over phone lines, 537-538 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). See over