 same storage server, resulting in server consolidation, both for storage and for running applications. NETWORK CABLING Improvements in copper cable have made it possible for unshielded, twisted-pair cabling to transmit signals at speeds of 10Gbps in Local Area Networks (LANs). Previously, these speeds were only attainable over fiber-optic cabling. This is impor- tant because the interfaces in most computer devices are compatible with unshielded, Network Cabling twisted-pair (UTP) cabling, not fiber-optic cabling. Connecting this gear to fiber requires the cost and labor to install devices that change light signals to electrical sig- nals, and vice versa. UTP copper and fiber-optic cables are the most common media used in enter- prise LANs. Because of improvements in the speeds, capacity, and distances wireless signals can be transmitted, wireless media is replacing copper cabling in some office buildings. Wireless services based on the 802.11 (Wi-Fi) protocols are discussed in Chapter 7. Characteristics of media have a direct bearing on the distance, speed, and accuracy at which traffic can be carried. For example, thin copper wire carries data shorter dis- tances at lower speeds than thicker, higher-quality copper. In corporate networks, UTP is the most prevalent medium used to link comput- ers, printers, and servers to wiring closets on the same floor. This is referred to as the horizontal plant. Fiber is capable of carrying vastly more traffic than copper. However, it is more expensive to install and connect to devices in LANs than UTP, and thus it is generally used in high-traffic connections between the following: Wiring closets Floors (the risers) Buildings on campuses The key characteristic that makes fiber suitable for these high-traffic areas, is the fact that it's a nonelectric medium. Fiber exhibits superior performance because, unlike copper, it does not transmit electric signals that act like an antenna and pick up noise and interference from nearby electrical devices. The Disadvantages of Copper Ca