y the customer. In some cases, it can be managed and controlled by an external party. It provides services for end users belonging to the CPN domain. CPN can range from simple user equipment (terminals) to a fully deployed and managed network offering end-user applications and services. CPN may contain a number of network technologies like WLAN, Ethernet, Bluetooth etc. to provide connectivity services. The defining criterion of the CPN is the ownership of the network. Internet or corporate network IEEE 802.11 Router Figure 10.8 Wireless and wired LANs Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business WLAN base Microwave oven station digital notepad Home audio/ Smoke video server sensor Residential DSL access controller gateway 1 Ethernet or power line network Bluetooth Residential gateway 2 Cable access station Fire alarm Video camera Smoke sensor Water sprinkler Figure 10.9 A customer residential CPN Central branch Local branch Voice Figure 10.10 An initial stage of introducing VoIP Wired and wireless LANs are examples of CPNs (see Figure 10.8). An example of a customer residential CPN is shown is Figure 10.9. 10.8.1 VoIP AT CUSTOMER PREMISES VoIP has entered the scene, at least for intra-company voice traffic. A gradual and safe transition to VoIP is expected to be common. Figure 10.10 shows an early step with VoIP primarily for company internal voice and traditional circuit mode voice for public calls. Figure 10.11 shows some VoIP termination types and applications. Terminals IP telephony terminals Development of IP telephony terminals - 1st generation PC-PC - 2nd generation PSTN-PC - 3rd generation PSTN-PSTN Ordinary phone Soft IP phone - 4th generation dedicated IP telephones via gateway (PC or PDA) - 5th generation wireless IP telephony Software and hardware phones Functionality included Dedicated - Coding/decoding Wireless IP phone - Addressing and call set-up functions IP phone - Multimedia functions - Network interface Mobile IP phone Figure 10.11 Some basic facts about 