clusion. Given the number of contributions and recommendations, it should not surprise you how many hours this process takes. At the end of the drafting process, several recommendations may be proposed for consent, which means they are finished (for now) and the document is in a state fit for publication. This document can be an amendment, a correction, a complete revision, or a totally new publication. Following consent by the wider study group, a formal approval process takes place within ITU-T officialdom, after which there is some further professional editing and then publication. This process may take several months following the consent at a plenary. At the last plenary (September 2020), Q13/15 consented 8 new editions of recommendations, while at the one before that (February 2020), it was 14 new documents, 12 of them being recommenda- tions. At time of this writing, mid-April 2021, there is a virtual plenary under way that proposes to consent 6 documents, consisting of revisions and amendments to existing recommendations. That is the process for making recommendations. The only additional detail is that some questions have SO much material to consider that they have interim meetings (where just delegates from single question assemble) scheduled between the plenary meetings. These interim meetings are usu- ally hosted by a member organization at some facility, located pretty much anywhere. For Q13/15, they occur 3-5 months before or after a plenary, run for one week, and typically attract around 30 40 delegates. No recommendations can be consented at an interim meeting, but contributions and drafting take place as normal. Of course, in 2020 with the COVID pandemic, this process evolved to a slightly different approach, changed to use online, virtual meetings. One advantage is that the lack of travel allows many more delegates to participate, but time zone differences make it difficult for many. 8.1.1 Notes on the Recommendations Be aware that the recommendations are being constantly reviewed and updated by