C when Donald Trump was elected president, the FCC has dropped its efforts to classify the transmission component of Internet services as telecommunications. The effort to regulate the Internet did not include monitoring content on web sites or content transmitted to web sites. SIGNALING Signaling is the process of sending control information over landline and mobile networks to monitor, control, route, and set up sessions between devices. These sessions include video and audio conference calls, data sessions, video calls, and mobile and landline telephone www.TechnicalPDF.com calls. Signaling is also used to set up instant messaging and chat sessions. Signaling is used within public landline and, mobile networks, and the Internet as well as for intercarrier connections and billing. An Overview of Signaling Signaling is used to process every call on the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), the Internet, and the public cellular network. When a caller dials a number, he or she can hear progress tones such as dial tone, ringing, busy signals, or reorder tones. These are all signaling tones. In addition to tones, callers might hear digital messages informing them that the number they dialed is not in service or has been changed. The PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) uses Signaling System 7 (SS7); IP networks mainly use variations of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as the common platforms for call setup, teardown and activation, and control of advanced features. SIP was originally designed for the Internet, but is now used in private data networks and data networks that carry IP voice as well. A form of SIP is also used for text messages. Signaling is the basis of interconnection between mobile, global wireless, and multiple providers' networks. When AT&T controlled most of the public network in the United States, it had the necessary control of the public network that enabled it to set a standard (SS7) that was followed across the country and was later adopted, with variations, by the international comm