ill radiate into a sector of 360/a degrees, resulting in an interfer- ence improvement factor a Average values for B, a, V and a (3 sector cell) are 0.5, 0.85, 0.6 and 2.55, respectively [23]. Then incorporating all the preceding factors the user capacity equation becomes: M 22 Gp p (2.29) In the forthcoming section we also review pseudorandom sequences as part of the signal processing aspects relevant for the operation of the UTRA modes. 2.1.2.4 Pseudorandom Sequences Pseudorandom noise (PN), i.e. deterministic periodic sequences in WCDMA perform the following tasks: bandwidth spreading of the modulated signal to wider transfer bandwidths, signal discrimination among users transmitting in the same bandwidth of multiple access methods. The characteristics of these sequences are: 1/2 relative frequencies of zero and one; for zeros or ones half of all run lengths are of length 1; one-quarter are of length 2, one- eighth are of length 3; etc. When a PN sequence shifts by any non-zero number of ele- ments, the resulting sequence will have an equal number of agreements and disagree- ments with respect to the original sequence. We generate PN sequences by combining feedback shift register outputs. This register consists of consecutive two-state memory or storage stages and feedback logic. Binary sequences shift through the shift register in response to clock pulses. We logically com- bine the contents of the stages to produce the input to the first stage. The initial contents of the stages and feedback logic determine the successive contents of the stages. We call a feedback shift register and its output linear when the feedback logic consists en- tirely of modulo-2 adders. The output sequences get classified as either maximal length or non-maximal length. The first ones are the longest sequences that can be generated by a given shift register of a given length, while all other sequences besides maximal length sequences are non- maximal length sequences. In the binary shift register sequence generators, the maximal len