gured Transport channel Transport channel by the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol. RRC performs admission control, handover decisions, and active set management for soft handover. By setting the attachment attachment parameters of the RLC, MAC, and physical layers prop- erly, the RRC can provide the necessary quality-of-service requested by the core network for a certain service. Turbo coding Turbo coding On the network side, the MAC, RLC and RRC enti- ties in Release 99 are all located in the RNC while the physical layer is mainly located in the NodeB. The same Rate matching Rate matching entities also exist in the UE. For example, the MAC in the UE is responsible for selecting the transport format for uplink transmissions from a set of formats configured Interleaving Interleaving by the network. However, the handling of the radio re- sources in the cell is controlled by the RRC entity in the network and the UE obeys the RRC decisions taken in Multiplexing the network. Interleaving 4.6.1.2 Physical layer The basis for the physical layer of WCDMA is spreading Modulation of the data to be transmitted to the chip rate, which equals 3.84 Mchip/s. It is also responsible for coding, transport-channel multiplexing, and modulation of the Spreading radio-frequency carrier. A simplified illustration of the physical layer processing is provided in Figure 4.6-4. Physical channel To each transport block to be transmitted, the trans- mitter physical layer adds a Cyclic Redundancy Check Figure 4.6-4 Simplified view of physical layer processing in (CRC) for the purpose of error detection. If the receiver WCDMA. WCDMA evolution: HSPA and MBMS CHAPTER 4.6 The channelization codes are so-called Orthogonal WCDMA supports asynchronous operation, where Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes, defined by the transmissions from different cells are not time synchro- tree structure in Figure 4.6-5. A key property of the nized. To separate different cells, the scrambling is cell OVSF codes is the mutual orthogonality between data spec