ged IP traffic (e.g. traffic with QoS guarantees, such as carrier-grade VoIP, IPTV, or VPNs for business customers). However, mobile broadband has a prediction of two times higher compound annual growth rate than fixed broadband. Regarding the type of traffic, the predictions say that consumer video streaming traffic share will further increase and reach 70% of the total IP traffic (managed and Internet) by 2021 [3], which is 82% of the consumer traffic. So, most of the telecommunication infrastructure in the following years will carry video traffic, which is also one of the drivers for the broadband and ultra-broadband demand. 7 Broadband QoS Parameters, KPIs, and Measurements Year 2021 Fixed internet Year 2021 Consumer Managed IP Business Mobile data Figure 7.2 IP traffic predictions by type of broadband access and type of customers. Generic and Specific QoS Parameters The QoS parameters are defined to characterize the quality level of a certain aspect of a given service (so, there are many QoS parameters that refer to the same ser- vice), and ultimately influence the customer satisfaction (either directly - when the end-user is human, or indirectly when the services are based on machine-to-machine communication). What is the purpose of defining and using the QoS parameters? The QoS parame- ters are defined to be used by service and network providers, to manage and improve the offering of their services. Also, the QoS parameters can be used by the customers (as end-users or as partner providers for that service) to check or ensure that they are getting the level of quality for which they have made an agreement (SLA) with the service provider (e.g. telecom operator). So, QoS parameters are also being used to sup- port commercial customer contracts by using them for concrete SLA formulation and verification. The main purpose of QoS parameters in an operational network is to be measured and then compared with reference values. There are two types of QoS parameters regarding measurement methods: Objective QoS param