ORS Update rates (best, average, and worst case if they are not constant). Lookup performance on benchmarks of interest when doing updates at the advertised rate. Power consumption when running the previous benchmarks with background updates. Required board space and direct cost of purchase. Implications of interfacing with the NPU or other data path components on the previous measures of merit. We discussed algorithms and data structures used in the implementation of techniques that pro- vide these types of highly complex classification at astounding wire speeds. We concluded the chap- ter by discussing implementation issues and presenting a case study of a state-of-the-art classification processor product from Raqia. SUGGESTED REFERENCES The following white papers provide useful information on classification and forwarding: IDT white paper, "Taking Packet Processing to the Next Level." NetLogic Microsystems white paper, "High-Performance Layer-3 Forwarding in CIDR," www.eetimes.com/story/ OEG20020603S0011. Jose Pereira, "Moving Classification and Forwarding to OC-768," a NetLogic Microsystems white paper. SiberCore Technologies white paper, "Packet Management Lookups in Modern Networks," www.sibercore.com/ pdf/scwp_00039_001.pdf. SiberCore Technologies white paper, "Classification and Forwarding Co-Processors Come of Age," www. sibercore.com/pdf/wp_scwp002_1.pdf. The following companies design and build specialized classification and forwarding processors: Cypress Semiconductor (www.cypress.com) FastChip (www.fast-chip.com) IDT (www.idt.com) Mosaid (www.mosaid.com/semiconductor) NetLogic Microsystems (www.netlogicmicro.com) Raqia Networks (www.raqia.com) SiberCore Technologies (www.sibercore.com) Solidum (www.solidum.com) Of course, other more traditional NPU vendors offer their own solution to the classification prob- lem either with specialized silicon as member of a network-processor family or chipset or as an imple- mentation that runs inside a network processor. The most important examples are Agere, AMCC,