ission mask of Guard Resource single-carrier single-carrier Effective BW with emission mask of single-carrier = 19 MHz (1737 sub-carriers, 96 PRUs) Effective BW = 19.5 MHz (1782 sub-carriers, 98 PRUs) BW = 20 MHz (1929 sub-carriers, 100 PRUs) Over-sampled BW (IFFT size) = 22.4 MHz (2048 sub-carriers) Relationship between Effective, Transmission, and Over-sampled Bandwidths and Use of Guard Sub-carriers (BW = 20 MHz) 20 MHz Spectral Mask for Single-Carrier Systems 10 MHz 10 MHz 500 kHz Spectral Mask for Aggregated System Illustration of the Relationship between Single-Carrier and Aggregated Carriers Spectral Masks 10MHz 14.75 20MHz Aggregated 10.45 14.75 19.75 20MHz Frequency (MHz) Example Spectral Mask for Single-Carrier Cellular Systems FIGURE 11-8 Initialization of multi-carrier operation [2] CHAPTER 11 Multi-Carrier Operation In some cases, the MS may not be able to communicate with the BS over the secondary carrier(s) without time/frequency synchronization and power adjustments. If the radio channels corresponding to the primary and the secondary carriers are highly correlated, the transmission parameters of the secondary carrier(s) are likely to be similar to those of the primary carrier. In this case, if the MS has already completed network entry with the BS using the primary component carrier, the MS is not required to perform initial ranging on the secondary carrier(s). Therefore, only periodic ranging may be performed on the secondary carrier(s). Once the secondary carriers are activated, the MS may perform periodic ranging on active secondary carrier(s), if instructed by the BS through the AAI_CM- CMD (carrier management command). If the MS skips initial ranging on the secondary carrier(s), it may use the same timing, frequency, and power adjustment parameters that are used in the primary carrier for initial transmission. The MS may perform the fine timing, frequency, and power adjustment on the secondary carrier(s) by measuring the primary preamble timing/frequency as well as the common pilots of the s