ET and ISDN. At a high level, we'll see how voice, data and video can be integrated. 5.1 Why Digital? 5.1.1 Multiplexing 5.1.2 Noise Performance 5.1.3 Storage and Processing 5.1.4 Integration and Convergence 5.2 Analog and Digital: What do we really mean? 5.2.1 Analog 5.2.2 Bandwidth: Analog Circuits 5.2.3 Digital 5.2.4 Bandwidth: Digital Circuits 5.3 Continuous VS. Discrete Signals 5.3.1 Continuous and Analog 5.3.2 Discrete and Digital 5.4 Voice Digitization (Analog-Digital Conversion) 5.4.1 Quantization 5.4.2 Sampling 5.4.3 Coding 5.4.4 End to End: Analog-Digital-Analog 5.4.5 Quantization Errors 5.5 DSO: Voice Digitization on the PSTN 5.5.1 Quantization: 256 Levels 5.5.2 Sampling: 8,000 Samples per Second 5.5.3 Coding: 8 Bits Per Sample 5.5.4 The DSO Rate 5.6 The Digital Hierarchy: Standard Line Speeds 5.6.1 DS1 5.6.2 DS3 5.6.3 STM 5.7 Technologies: Digital Carrier Systems 5.7.1 T1 5.7.2 T3: "Asynchronous" DS3 Multiplexing 5.7.3 SONET: Synchronous DS3 Multiplexing 5.7.4 SDH 5.7.5 T1 VS. DS1 and T3 VS. DS3 5.8 ISDN 5.8.1 ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) 5.8.2 ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) 5.8.3 PBX Trunks on T1 VS. ISDN PRI 5.9 Using Digital Circuits: Applications 5.9.1 Voice on Digital Circuits PAGE 6 TELECOM 101 REFERENCE BOOK TERACOM TRAINING INSTITUTE 5.9.2 Voice Compression 5.9.3 Data Applications 5.9.4 Digital Video 5.10Summary: Integration: Voice, Video, Data 6 TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and digital carrier systems are the technologies at the heart of telecommunications networks. We'll provide you with a basic understanding of how transmission systems work, both over copper wires and over fiber, and an overview of SONET and optical networking. We'll explain the "network cloud": how circuits are actually provided by carriers, the difference between multiplexers, switches and routers and what services these are used for. 6.1 Time Division Multiplexing 6.1.1 Channelized or "Synchronous" TDM 6.1.2 "Statistical" TDM or "Bandwidth on Demand" 6.2 Channelized TDM: Channels and Framin