to 2,010MHz and 2,170MHz to 2,200MHz for satellite. In 2000, WARC allocated additional spectrum in three frequency bands: below 1GHz, at 1.7GHz (where many 2G systems currently operate), and in the 2.5GHz range. WARC is now referred to as World Radiocommunications Confer- ence, and information on the next conference is available at www.itu.int. Terrestrial IMT-2000 services operate in the FDD mode in the bands 1,920MHz to 1,980MHz and 2,110MHz to 2,170MHz, with mobile stations transmitting in the lower subband and base stations transmitting in the upper subband. The bands 1,885MHz to 1,920MHz and 2,010MHz to 2,025MHz are unpaired for TDD opera- tion. The GSMA feels that several additional frequency bands should be nonexclu- sively designated for the use of IMT-2000 to provide for up to an additional 160MHz of spectrum. These bands include 698MHz to 806MHz, 2,500MHz to 2,690MHz, and 2,700MHz to 2,900MHz. 3G also includes a satellite component, known as Mobile Satellite Service (MSS), which is the only IMT-2000 system that can be used worldwide. Intended to take over when a user is out of range of terrestrial base stations, MSS requires the participation and cooperation of companies and governments worldwide. The target data rate for MSS is 100Kbps, compared to 2Mbps for terrestrial systems. MSS oper- ators hope to offer services similar to those of terrestrial 2.5G and 3G networks, including data at ISDN speeds, toll-quality voice, video, and multimedia messaging. 3G applications include traditional voice services, involving high-quality voice transmission, global roaming, 144Kbps to 2Mbps for packet and circuit data, always- on data availability, high-speed mobile Internet access, and high-capacity e-mail. More importantly, 3G involves support for a wide variety of broadband applica- tions, such as videoconferencing, navigation/mapping systems, streaming video and TV, common billing/user profiles, multimedia messaging, mobile voice and video over IP, calling line image, mobile entertainment, m-commerce payment so