-PS model presented in section 6.3.7.1. In Figure 6.37, the left diagram compares the calculated lub bandwidth in kbps and the simulation ones; while the right diagram gives the relative error of the calculated bandwidth from the M/G/R-PS model. It can clearly be seen that the derived required lub bandwidth from the proposed PS model matches sufficiently well with the simulated results, with relative errors less than 5%. Figure 6.38 presents the resultant normalized capacity (left diagram) and the link throughput (right diagram). From Figure 6.38, a multiplexing gain can be observed for larger traffic loads. As the normalized capacity, i.e. overdimensioning factor, approaches one for increasing traffic load. As a result, the link utilization increases for larger traffic aggregations. This also means that for a higher traffic load, the achieved cost-efficiency of dimensioning is higher as a result of the increased multiplexing gain. Dimensioned lub bandwidth Relative error of M/G/R-PS results M/G/R-PS simulation 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 link throughput (kbps) link throughput (kbps) Figure 6.37: lub Dimensioning: web scenario, no CAC, RAB 128 kbps, constant page size (50 kbyte), f=1.25 6.3 Dimensioning for Elastic Traffic Normalized capacity (link bandwidth /link throughput) Link utilization (link throughput / link bandwidth) M/G/R-PS simulation M/G/R-PS simulation 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 link throughput (kbps) link throughput (kbps) Figure 6.38: Normalized capacity and link utilization Similar validations were also done for other scenarios. An example of dimensioning for the mixed traffic scenario is given in Appendix A.17. From all investigations, it is found that the calculated link bandwidths derived from the presented PS models generally match well with the simulations. In addition, the accuracy of different extensions on the M/G/R-PS model have already been validated in section 6.3.8 for estimating application QoS of elastic traffi