rent protocol in conjunction with PPTP. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) evolved from PPTP, and just as with PPTP, it too does not provide encryption. There is a new version of L2TP that has improved its tunneling. Like PPTP, it is also used with IPsec for encryption. In addition, IPsec has stronger authentication than L2TP. Secure Sockets Layer Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a newer VPN protocol than IPsec. SSL is a clientless protocol; that is, it does not require the installation of client software on each computer that's used for remote access. Rather, SSL works from within standard browsers on computers and smartphones. This makes VPNs easier to use and requires less admin- istrative support from IT personnel. The simplified login results in fewer user errors. Recent releases of SSL are referred to as Transport Layer Security (TSL). For added security, SSL is frequently used with tunneling protocols. Because it is a higher-level security protocol, SSL installed on appliances can enable access to particular applications based on privileges granted to classes of employees. An appliance is a specialized computer that is dedicated to a particular task. It's possible for remote computers to pass viruses to corporate networks, SO some SSL appliances have the capability to scan remote computers for antivirus software and automatically download patches to computers that don't have the latest security updates. Other appliances have the capability to remotely wipe out passwords and corporate data from shared computers in public areas such as libraries. This eliminates the possibility of computers in locations such as kiosks to store and pass on private information and passwords. Token Identification: Another Layer of Protection Tokens are small security devices; small enough, in fact, that they can be attached to a user's key ring. Tokens randomly generate six to eight-digit numbers at regular inter- vals (usually every 60 seconds). When prompted by the associated software on their computer,