performed in a laboratory room with in different environments, depend on the antenna arrays a distance of 6.6 m between transmitting and receiving being considered, namely on their half-power beam- antenna [KaFr01]. The LoS path was partially obstructed width. In [CaCo04], the approach in [CaCo01] is ex- tended, by including the influence of the antenna's x 105 radiation pattern. This influence is modelled through the variation of the Rice factor and the maximum possible difference in propagation path length among different arriving components, relative to the case of using omni- directional antennas. The variation of the Rice factor, as a function of the antenna half-power beamwidth, () depends on the statistical distribution of AoAs (or AoDs) and on the type of antenna being considered. Assuming an ideal di- rectional antenna (hypothetical antenna with constant Time t (s) gain within the antenna half-power beamwidth and zero Delay time T (ns) outside) and a truncated Gaussian distribution of AoAs (a) Static environment. (or AoDs) with standard deviation, Os, the value of x 105 AK(a3dB) is evaluated as AK(a3dB)(dB] 10log 2Q(2) (4.7.22) where Q() is the well-known Q-function [Carl86]. The variation of the maximum possible difference in propagation path length among different arriving com- ponents depends on the scattering model being consid- ered, e.g. Geometry-based Stochastic Channel Models Time t (s) Delay time T (ns) (GSCMs) are usually used, elliptical and circular ones being the most common for simulating micro-, pico- and (b) Moving scatterers. macrocellular environments. The results in [CaCo04] Figure 4.7-38 Time-variant impulse response at 1.8 GHz with illustrate such approach. fixed antennas [KaFr01]. Propagation modelling and channel characterisation CHAPTER 4.7 x 105 4.7.5.7 Temporal and angular dispersion A number of large measurement campaigns were conducted in the context of comparison of propagation scenarios or environments or of frequency bands. Other contributions intended to cover more rare sc