Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC): URLLC caters to the need for ultra-low latency (such as below 1 ms each way) as well as very high reliability. It serves well in factory automation scenarios and the control of robots, remote surgery, and Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication. Massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC): This is best suited for IoT devices and sensors that are often low-power but have a high density (defined by the number of devices per square area). These devices are often low-cost, transmit small packets infrequently, and are often delay-tolerant. The preceding information is summarized in Figure 13.7. High data rates and high traffic volumes URLLC Massive number of low- Ultra reliability and cost devices, low energy very low latency consumption Figure 13.7 - 5G - classes of use cases Next, let us look at how the 5G network slices use the preceding paradigm to enable the different services according to their requirements. Figure 13.8 shows the network layer, network slice layer, and services layer. Further, it shows how network slicing facilitates different types of services, all over the same physical 5G network. 5G Network Slicing 5G Network Slicing Enables Different Services by Linking Them to the Required Resources Services Layer Voice & Augmented Factory Autonomous Asset Tracking Video Reality Automation Vehicles (IoT) Network Slice Slice 1 Slice 2 Slice 3 Layer URLCC Network Layer Physical Infrastructure and Network Functions Figure 13.8 - 5G network slicing at work Let us look at the high-level architecture view shown in Figure 13.9. Here, we show three network slices with one user each. In the top slice for voice and mobility, where a user could be watching a video on a smartphone in a restaurant, the mobility management is done in the core cloud. This will suffice for a relatively static user while streaming video on the phone. However, on the connected automobile, the middle slice, the mobility management is moved to the edge cloud, along with the session manage