communications services to uneconomical remote and sparsely populated areas. If a private company cannot provide service profitably in one region can it be forced to do SO regardless? How to allow foreign ownership of a nationally strategic asset. What percentage of market share can be owned by a foreign-owned entity? Mergers and acquisition of companies of both wireless and fixed services. Can a company dominate the market? Is 50% market share by a single provider acceptable? Content provision of service and ensuring net neutrality. How to allow foreign companies to supply telecommunications equipment which may incorporate spying devices. Whether to harmonise spectrum allocation for wireless telecommunications services and how to allocate frequency spectrum to mobile operators. Whether to ratify international standards and what the impact is on possible technologies which may be adopted. Negotiations and abiding by international regulations for satellite orbits. Policy Instruments When a case can be argued for government intervention, a number of policy options may be consid- ered. The Australian Public Service Commission lists the following as possible policy actions [17]: Direct government regulation, where government legislates for a specific course of action Self-regulation/co-regulation, where an industry is asked to come up with solutions, and assisted by government action Voluntarism, where an industry is trusted/induced to abide by certain regulations as sug- gested by a government Education and information instruments, where market forces are trusted to regulate the industry, helped along by a government information campaign Economic instruments, where industry players are incentivised to follow a path of action through economic means (fines or rewards) Combinations of policy instruments Clearly different policy instruments may be used to solve a problem with due consideration to political and philosophical conditions. Different character of the broadband telecommuni- cations industry ecosystem requires