dvanced-Pro and 5G in the 2020s). One of the advantages of mobile networks is licensed spectrum because it provides more efficient traffic management. When the spectrum is not shared with other telecom operators (unlike WiFi which uses unlicensed spectrum), there is better reliability and QoS due to less interference. Also, mobile oper- ators which use licensed spectrum (for all existing mobile generations, 2G-5G) can offer the same IoT services with the same QoS support and frequency spectrum on a global scale, thus extending the use of the same IoT devices and solutions in different countries around the world. Regarding QoS, different IoT services may have different requirements (because they have wide areas of application), such as: Power efficiency. IoT devices for smart city services or personal wearables are required to have longer battery life, SO that is an important key performance indicator (KPI). Complexity. IoT devices in smart homes and remote sensors require lower complexity. Range and mobility. These parameters are important for utility metering for various public services (e.g. electricity, water supply, heating, etc.) or object/fleet tracking ser- vices. High reliability and low latency. These parameters are important for IoT devices and objects that require significantly reduced end-to-end packet losses (e.g. 99.999% packet success rate) and reduced end-to-end delay (e.g. as low as 1 ms), which include autonomous vehicles, industrial automation, aviation, drones, and robotics. 6 Services in Fixed and Mobile Ultra-Broadband Higher availability. This parameter is required for IoT smart services which need to be available all the time, such as energy smart grids and medical IoT services. Higher availability in the telecommunication world is typically provided by having multiple links/path for failure tolerance. So, different IoT services have different contexts and with that different QoS require- ments. Overall, one may distinguish between two main types of IoT services regarding their QoS needs (