 from additional countries to manage ICANN. After years of negotiations, technical leaders from multiple countries agreed on a framework where control of top level domains would be managed by an international group of technical people, governments, and representatives from private companies. A group made up of these representatives now controls ICANN. The Inclusion of Non-Western Domain Names Initially, addressing systems used only the Roman alphabet character set (A-Z, a-z, the digits 0-9, and the hyphen). However, pressure from countries that use other character systems eventually led to the inclusion of other alphabets for addresses. These non-Roman alphabets include Arabic, Persian, Chinese, Russian, Japanese, and Korean. China, South Korea, and Arabic- speaking nations had already started assigning non- Roman domain names. These addresses introduced the possibility of duplicate domain names because they were outside of the root system. This created pressure for ICANN to alter their addressing requirements and make the technical changes in the root system that translations from other alphabets require. Transitioning to IPv6 The main addressing scheme used on the Internet was initially IPv4. IPv4 was developed in the 1970s and addresses are only 32 bits long. On January 31, 2011, the www.TechnicalPDF.com Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which managed the central supply of Internet addresses at that time, gave out the last of their IPv4 addresses to each of the five regional Internet registries. By April 2011, the Asia Pacific region had given out all of their addresses, and the remaining four registries distributed all of their addresses within the next few years, Capacity is being depleted by the addition of new Internet-enabled wireless devices and the growing number of Internet users, particularly in Asia. To ensure that they will be able to get new IP addresses, most organizations are now transitioning to the newer 128-bit IPv6 protocol, which is capable of accommodating billions of additional a