tro networks, 267 DRA, see Diameter routing agent Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), 18, DRAM, see Dynamic random access memory 235, 269, 270 dRAN architecture, see Distributed RAN architecture Deployment Driver abstraction layer, 239 considerations, 305 DSCP, see Differentiated services code point models choice, 218 DSDC, see Direct Services Dialing Capability Descriptive analytics, 149 DSL, see Digital subscriber line Design DSLAMs, see Digital subscriber line access multiplexers patterns, 390 DSP, see Digital signal processor Studio, 114, 115 DTA, see Dynamic time assignment Device layer, 215 Dual connectivity, 246-247 DevOps, 23, 59, 396-397 DWDM, see Dense wavelength division multiplexing DG, see Directed graph Dynamic DGBuilder, graphical tool, 96 load management, 168 DHCP, see Dynamic Host Control Protocol programming, 162 Diameter routing agent (DRA), 312 security policy, 194 Differentiated services code point (DSCP), 315 Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP), 32 Digital coherent optics (DCO), 272 Dynamic random access memory (DRAM), 213 Digital signal processor (DSP), 227, 272, 296 Dynamic time assignment (DTA), 232-233 Digital subscriber line (DSL), 232 Digital subscriber line access multiplexers (DSLAMs), 259 Digital switching systems, 68 Directed acyclic graph, 147 E.164 Number to URI mapping (ENUM), 312 Directed graph (DG), 91 EAL, see Environment abstraction layer Direct memory access (DMA), 212 ECOMP, see Enhanced Control, Orchestration, Directories, 19, 20, 23 Management, and Policy Direct Services Dialing Capability (DSDC), 5 Economics, NFV Disaggregated edge platforms, 253 hardware costs, 45 Disaggregation, 238, 254, 338 operational costs, 45-46 fabric, 255 software costs, 45 of hardware and software, 4, 261 Ecosystem identity, 191-192 Distributed access nodes, 227 E-CSCF, see Emergency CSCF Distributed control plane (DCP), 50-51 Distributed controls, 88, 285fn application, 252-253 Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), 6, 100-101, 172 edge-to-core measurements, 357 attack resilience, 