n the direction of Oj to MS j. Thus, ImR represents the total reverse link interference generated by MS served by home BS. PRj dynamically changes based on the power control algorithm. Then, the reverse link Eb/No for a single cell with many MS is: (7.19) In scenarios involving many MSs and multiple cells, the MS measuring Eb/No gets addi- tional interference from MSs served by BSs from neighbouring cells. We can express this interference as: (7.20) where ItR is the total interference from the reverse link generated by MSs served by other BSs other than the home BS of the MS measuring Eb/No, PRK is the total reverse link traffic power received from MSs served by BS k, K is the total number of BSs ex- cluding the home BS of the concerned MS. We get PRK by adding the powers of the traffic channels from MSs served by BS k, where for this BS PRkj is the reverse traffic channel ERP of MS j; Likewise for BS k, LRk.ji is the reverse path loss from MS j in the direction of ORK,j at a given distance. AGR is the receiver antenna gain of the home BS in the direction of ORK,j to MS j served by BS k. Then The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology (7.21) The sum of the interfering elements divided by the thermal noise power N gives origin to the reverse link factor. This factor Nr represents the rise of the interference level above of the thermal noise level, we can define it as: (7.22) Through the value of Nr we can determine the BS loading level. Thus, higher Nr values indicate that the BS can no longer support additional users or MSs. With generic analytical background of the preceding sections, i.e. the forward and re- verse link estimation for Eb/No, in the following we outline the main elements for link budgets. 7.6.6.3 Link Budget Elements Table 7.7 illustrates reference elements typically utilized in the calculations of link budgets. The template after Ref. [4] applies to both forward and reverse links unless specifically stated otherwise. In the forward link the BS acts as the transmitter and the MS as the receiver