d earlier however, the PBB-TE is mainly an IEEE and Nortel driven initiative. MPLS-TP has a huge vendor support and it is based on MPLS which has a large installed base in backbone transport networks but its standardization process is only expected to complete in 2010/2011; at least a year and/or year and a half behind PBB-TE. PBB-TE standard was completed in June 2009 but doesn't enjoy the same support as its competitor. 7.4.2.3.7 MPLS-TP The goal of MPLS-TP is to provide connection-oriented transport for packet and TDM services over optical networks leveraging the widely deployed MPLS technology. MPLS-TP started as Transport- MPLS at the ITU-T (see G.81xx series of ITU-T Recommendations), which was renamed MPLS-TP based on the agreement that was reached between the ITU-T and the IETF to produce a converged set of standards for MPLS-TP. The IETF and ITU-T JWT (joint working team) recommended that both parties work together and bring transport requirements into the IETF and extend IETF MPLS forwarding, OAM (Operations, Administration, and Management), survivability, network management and control plane protocols to meet those requirements through the IETF Standards Process [25,26]. The division of work between the two SDOs is as follows [27]: IETF: It will work on the definition of MPLS-TP. It has organized a design team to lead and coordinate the MPLS-TP standardization, the MEAD team (MPLS Interoperability Design Team). IETF Working Groups will develop the RFCs on MPLS-TP. ITU-T will work on the following: Integration of MPLS-TP into the transport network, Alignment of the current T-MPLS Recommendations with MPLS-TP, and Terminate the work on current T-MPLS. Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem Table 7.5 Key carrier ethernet standards Standards Body Standards Features Approval Status 802.3 First Ethernet standard defining PHY and MAC layers 802.1D MAC Bridges standard which includes Bridging, Spanning Tree, and SO on. 802.1Q Virtual LANs (VLAN) 802.1ad Provider Bridges (Q in Q or Stacked VLANs) 802.1