 worth pointing out that at the time of writing this book, there are also submissions toward IMT-2020 that are not based on 3GPP NR. The following RITs and 2.8 Business Drivers SRITs have been submitted to ITU-R WP5D for consideration toward becoming IMT-2020 technologies: 3GPP submission 1: SRIT - 5G, "Developed by 3GPP as 5G, Release 15 and beyond" (ITU-R WP5D 5D/1215 and 5D/1216) Component RIT: NR Component RIT: E-UTRA/LTE 3GPP submission 2: RIT - 5G, "Developed by 3GPP as 5G, Release 15 and beyond" (ITU-R WP5D 5D/1215 and 5D/1217) China (People's Republic of) - "NR+NB-IOT" (ITU-R WP5D 5D/1268) 'NR+NB-I0T' RIT, which is technically identical to NR RIT and NB-IoT part of 5G SRIT submitted from 3GPP South Korea (Republic of) - NR RIT (ITU-R WP5D 5D/1233) 3GPP NR Technical Specifications (Release 15 and 16) ETSI (TC DECT) and DECT Forum: SRIT - (ITU-R WP5D 5D/1230 and 5D/1253) Component DECT-2020 NR RIT Component 3GPP 5G candidate for inclusion in IMT-2020: Submission 2 for IMT-2020 (RIT) TSDSI (India): TSDSI RIT - (ITU-R WP5D 5D/1231) NB-IoT + NR, with Low Mobility Large Cell (LMLC) configuration as mandatory10 Nufront - EUHT (ITU-R WP5D 5D/1238) EUHT RIT. One can note that most submissions are based on 3GPP technologies. However, the fact that other technologies, standardized (e.g. DECT) and proprietary (e.g. Nufront) are submit- ted (in some cases together with 3GPP NR as SRIT), and likely to be accepted, contributes to the confusion about what should be considered 5G. In this book we focus on the 3GPP submissions of NR and LTE, which are both supported by NG-RAN. Business Drivers New spectrum and new technical requirements in terms of throughput and latency are not the only forces driving the development of 5G. One additional obvious business driver for 5G is simply an upgrade cycle. The next generation of mobile networks is likely to trigger a network upgrade, which will benefit the network equipment vendors. This in its turn can trigger a handset upgrade, which will benefit the operators and handset vendors