twork design will include physical design, logical design, and soft- ware design. For example, multiple call servers need to be placed in a rack. The physical design will detail what shelf and slot each of the servers will be placed. The logical design would segregate the servers into call processing servers and management servers to detail the interactions. Software design will drill down into the software packages and features that should be avail- able on the servers. 44 Network domain management: These applications provide interfaces to hide vendor specific implementations. Using domain management applica- tion, legacy functionalities are exposed as standard interfaces compliant to Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS standards like MTNM, OSS/J, and MTOSI, following standard data models like SID and CIM. The net result is an in-domain activation, alarm collection, filtering, and QoS features. A key advantage with domain management solution is that it can be replicated across policies for different resource domains. An interest- ing feature is that domains can also be replicated to cover multiple vendors and equipment types. This makes it highly reusable and a versatile application used by most service providers. 45. Network logistics: These applications are used to manage the availability and deployment of network resources at site locations where the service is offered. These applications will coordinate the identification and distribu- tion of resources to meet business demands in the minimum possible time. They are employed in stock balancing, resource or kit distribution, warehouse stock level projections, and capacity planning. It can be seen that network logistic applications have interactions with supply chain management applications to get the details for stock distribu- tion. Network logistics also help in workforce management encompassing all the responsibilities in maintaining a productive workforce. An important module in network logistics management is automating the engineering work order. This 