ny GHz in some cases, was at least partly the reason to consider higher spectrum ranges such as mmWave. Other elements impacting the total amount of required spectrum for 5G also exist. One analysis (5G Americas) points to factors such as multi-operator deployments in the same area, the potential need for guardbands (e.g. in adjacent or same-area unsynchronized Time Division Duplex (TDD) networks), frequency re-use of greater than one in areas where addi- tional carriers are needed for improving performance, advancements in spectral efficiency, and multi-antenna techniques. 2 Market Drivers Table 2.1 MT-2020 spectrum needs based on TPRs. Examples Spectrum needs 1 - Based on cell-edge user throughput and User-experienced data rate of 1 Gbps: spectral efficiency targets in Recommendation 3.33 GHz (N = 1), 6.67 GHz (N = 2), 13.33 GHz ITU-R M.2083 with N simultaneously served (N = 4), e.g. indoor users/devices at the cell edge User-experienced data rate of 100 Mbps: 0.67 GHz (N = 1), 1.32 GHz (N = 2), 2.64 GHz (N=4), for wide area coverage 2 - Based on cell-edge user spectral efficiency 0.83-4.17 GHz (for eMBB dense urban) (obtained from 3GPP technical specifications) 3-15 GHz (for eMBB indoor hotspot) and data rate targets (from Recommendation ITU-R M.2083) in two given test environments 3 - Impact of latency and spectral efficiency With a file transfer of 10 Mb by a single user at targets and a typical user throughout value on cell edge in 1 ms: 33.33 GHz (one direction) spectrum needs With a file transfer of 1 Mb by a single user at cell edge in 1 ms: 3.33 GHz (one direction) With a file transfer of 0.1 Mb by a single user at cell edge in 1 ms: 333 MHz (one direction) ITU-R, ITU Radiocommunication Sector. eMBB, enhanced mobile broadband. Source: ITU-R. 2.3.2 Target Spectrum From the early stages (NGMN5G) of envisioning 5G applications and requirements, various categories of use cases and their associated user experience targets were envisaged, each with specific requirements, which could impose potential condition