tooling. The performance tooling will include QoS, busi- ness activity, and equipment performance measurements to meet the SLA agreed upon with the customer. 17.4 M.3060 According to this document, NGNM is not a new generation of management systems, but a management system that supports monitoring and control of the NGN resources and services. The resources of NGN has both a service component and transport component. The role of NGNM is to have seamless flow of data across interfaces from the network element layer to the business management layer. Having both network and services in the scope of management, the suggestions of ITU-T addresses both network operators and service providers. The NGNM architecture can be divided into four views as shown in the dia- gram (see Figure 17.2). They are: Business process view (architecture): This view spans across the three other views and is concerned with the business process framework in the service provider space. eTOM is suggested as the reference framework for process view. Management functional view (architecture): This view is to capture the management functions to be implemented in NGNM. The management functions are categorized under a set of blocks like the operations systems function block (OSF) and network element function block (NEF). Management information view (architecture): In order for entities to perform functions that are defined in a functional view, these entities need to com- municate management information. The characteristics of this management information are defined in this view. Next Generation Network Management (NGNM) Management functional architecture Management information architecture Management physical architecture Figure 17.2 NGNM management architecture. (Based on ITU-T documentation.) Management physical view (architecture): The deployment and physical con- figuration for mapping the functions is a critical part of network manage- ment and is handled in this view. Security considerations are also shown as spanning across the physical, in