, HSUPA, and HSOPA. Beyond 3G-Also known as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Super 3G, and Ultra 3G, Beyond 3G is an enhancement to 3G that involves today's 3G technologies but supports bandwidths greater than 5MHz and adds smarter 1G: Analog Transmission and more efficient IP-based back-end infrastructure and additional one-way or two-way airlinks to provide further capabilities. Fourth generation (4G)-The fourth generation, which is under develop- ment, will bring with it new technologies that allow even better use of capacity and better performance. The introduction of 3G technology pro- vides a huge expansion in mobile capacity and bandwidth, and 4G will do the same for broadband communications. 4G will support a wide range of data rates, promising a maximum of 50Mbps to 100Mbps while moving and an average of 20Mbps and up to 1Gbps while standing still. The two key technologies involved with 4G are OFDM and MIMO. Fifth generation (5G)-Beyond 2010, a new generation of network will emerge, rendering 3G and 4G obsolete. By the time 5G comes along, researchers predict a revolution that will enable fast downloads of large chunks of data across the Internet. The user could access a 5G network to download a movie or videogame and then store the data in a handset. More importantly, 5G will support the sorts of advanced multimedia applications discussed in the book's introduction, such as teleimmersion, virtual reality, and telerobotics. 1G: Analog Transmission The first generation of cellular networks consisted of analog transmission systems for both voice and data. Although better-digital-systems are now available, it is important to understand the history of WWANs, SO the following sections describe 1G systems for voice and data. 1G Analog Cellular Networks Analog cellular systems have been largely replaced with 2G digital networks, but you're likely to still hear about 1G standards, including the following: Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)-AMPS, also known as IS-54, is on the 800MHz band, involves some 832 channels p