ards for Web services, security, and e-business that are suited for enterprise networks rather than telecom domain. OASIS operation and structure is much more transparent compared to other standardizing bodies. Here members themselves set the technical agenda and work is approved by voting. There are different levels of membership in OASIS like Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS foundational sponsors, sponsors, contributors, and liaisons. Employees of any of the member companies can register and start participating in the technical com- mittees without any payment. Technical committees can be formed by members of OASIS to work on a specific area and to develop standards. There are different levels of participation when joining an OASIS group. The participation can be as an observer, member, or voting member. Observer requires only minimum participation while a voting member needs to be always active. All committees are not oriented toward develop- ing standards. For example the OASIS Standards Adoption Committees provide forums to unite specific industries (users/groups), governments, vendors, and other standards bodies to evaluate, identify gaps and overlaps, publish and promote exist- ing standards and requirements. OASIS also organizes events including demos and conferences to promote work and studies on existing and future standards. Web site: www.oasis-open.org 7.10 OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) As the name signifies, OMA is a standardizing body formed by alliance of a set of organizations to extend the scope of work and avoid duplication of work among organizations that were combined to form the alliance. OMA is a consolidation of the following bodies: Open Mobile Architecture initiative, WAP Forum, SyncML initiative, Location Interoperability Forum (LIF), MMS Interoperability Group (MMS-IOP), Wireless Village, Mobile Gaming Interoperability Forum (MGIF), and Mobile Wireless Internet Forum (MWIF). Open Mobile Alliance is intended for developing mobile application standards that enables interoperable services