rchitecture of telecommunica- tions and outlines a solution that coordinate services consisting of PN services and other regular IP-based services. It enables SN and PAN services integrations and also keeps interaction with IMS for new services creations, while expands telecom markets and allows IMS and SDP integrate with new added PAN and WSN services. To sum up, these new applications are not strictly essential for NGSDP. However, they should also be considered when actually implementing NGSDP conceptual models. Both telecom strategies and technical details should be balanced for the construction of NGSDP. Through this way, NGSDP in view of applications can be fully viewed as a general required system. 6.3 Performance and Intelligence Once basic application requirements are satisfied, attentions are supposed to be paid on performance and intelligence. Regarding performance, it aims to best uti- lize current resources and try to cut down costs and enhance efficiency at the same time. There are several influencing factors, including telecom networks, distributed middleware, communications, and interactions, involved in SDP's performance problems. When it comes to consideration of intelligence, a system should not only be robust, but also be intelligent, automatic and even autonomous without unnec- essary manual interventions. In this section, Cognitive NGSDP proposed by our research group is introduced to address these consideration and problems. 6.3.1 Overview Undeniably, it is human intelligence that separates us from animals; however, let us focus on the definition of artificial intelligence (AI). AI is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it. Textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents," where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines" [40