ards to Transition to Higher Speeds 202 Offering Higher Speeds by Upgrading to DOCSIS 3.0 with Bonding 203 Adding Capacity by Upgrading to GHz 204 Telecommunications Services in National Emergencies 205 Key Factors Affecting Reliability and Sustainability 206 Electrical Requirements for Towers, Residential Service, Digital Loop Carriers, and Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers 206 Internet Security 207 Signaling 207 An Overview of Signaling 208 Interconnecting Carriers and Providing Secure Space for Equipment in Co-Location Facilities 209 Summary 211 Appendix 213 Contents 5 Broadband and Wide Area Network Services Introduction 216 A Definition of Broadband 218 VolP Calling Services over Broadband 219 Lower-Priced, Flexible Consumer VolP Services Prepaid, Free, and Low-Cost VolP Services 220 VolP Services for Commercial Organizations 221 Hosted IP Centrex Service 222 VolP for Very Small Organizations 222 The Impact on Traditional Carriers of VolP for International Calling Multi-Protocol Label Switching for Interoffice Connections MPLS Virtual Private Networks 223 MPLS Implementation MPLS Networks 225 MPLS for Multinational Locations 226 Prioritizing Traffic via Classes of Service 227 Virtual Private LAN Service versus MPLS 228 Internet Protocol Virtual Private Networks over the Internet 229 Using IP VPNs between Offices 229 Securing Transmissions Sent via the Internet 230 Secure Access to IP VPNs 231 Protecting against Malicious Attacks by Using Firewalls 234 Managed Services The Rationale for Providing Managed Services 236 Managed Services for Small and Midsize Organizations 236 Complex and Varied Managed Services 237 Managed Services and Telepresence in Conjunction with MPLS 238 Using Digital Subscriber Line for Internet Access DSL as a Backup Option for Business Customers 240 IP Addressing and Symmetric Speeds for Business Customers 240 DSL as the Predominant Worldwide Wired Internet Access Technology 241 Advances in DSL Technology 241 High-Speed Access via Carrier Gigabit Ethernet Carrier Gigabit Ether