ths and code rates, LDPC in NR system is defined through two base graphs, with the first base graph designed to support larger code blocks and higher rates and the second base graph targeting smaller code blocks and lower rates as shown in Figure 3.5.18. The general structure of the LDPC parity check matrix supported in NR is illustrated in Figure 3.5.19. Figure 3.5.19 Illustration of the Systematic Parity 1 Parity 2 parity check matrix for LDPC codes. 3 5G System Overview In Figure 3.5.19 the parity check matrix consists of five submatrices which are denoted as A, B, C, D, and E: Matrix A corresponds to the systematic bits. Matrix B with dual diagonal structure corresponds to the first set of parity bits denoted as parity 1, where the first column in matrix B has weight of 3 and the other columns have weight of 2. Matrix C corresponds to the all-zeros matrix. Matrix D corresponds to the incremental redundancy part. Matrix E is the identity matrix corresponding to the second set of parity bits. NR base graph 1 has 317 edges with the base matrix size of 46 X 68 corresponding to 22 systematic columns. NR base graph 2 has 197 edges with matrix dimensions 42 X 52 corre- sponding to 10 systematic columns. For both base graphs from row 20 (counting from 0), consecutive rows do not overlap to ensure the row orthogonality required for more efficient decoding. The maximum supported effective code rate for LDPC code is 0.95, which is in contrast to LTE-A CTC supporting a maximum coding rate of 0.931, that is, LDPC codes can offer higher coding gains than CTC without error floors. For the control channels (DCI, PBCH, UCI) in NR, Polar coding is adopted, which has better performance compared with the convolution codes used in LTE-A at the cost of increased decoding complexity (3GPP TS 38.212). Polar codes are used for coding the downlink and uplink control information (DCI/UCI) as well as the broadcast channel MIB. Depending on the payload size of the control channel, different types of Polar codes with different number of C