 Mobile Convergence (FMC) security The overall topic of FMC security is quite complex, and risks are still emerging. The network security landscape is rapidly changing. Today, network security revolves primarily around TLS. FMC will expand this to the security of the control and signaling layers as well as the service and application layers. The need for an Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) service exists in this context. The absence of such robust security mechanisms will create cybersecurity risks for operators using FMC. (For more details, seehttps://technews.tmcnet.com/ipcommunications/ hot-topics/ims/articles/9675-fixed-mobile-convergence-fmc-security htm.) Let us review the multi-layered security approach for FMC. It includes the following: IP TLS The policy and control layers The application/service layer 5G Fixed Mobile Convergence FMC relies on the multi-layer security paradigm. Threats could be external, such as SQL injections, viruses, worms, Trojans, and zero-day vulnerabilities, or they could be internal to the organization. Let us look at the security of the different layers. IP TLS Here we will mainly look at the security of the data plane and network protocols. Securing the data plane prevents spoofing, and the use of Access Control Lists (ACLs) allows the dropping of all traffic from a suspicious IP address range. In addition, IP fragment filtering can help to block fragmented IP packets. This helps to prevent Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Network protocol security covers Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), Secure Shell (SSH), and more. The policy and control layers Using stateless firewalls, an FWA provider can ensure that packet header inspection can take place and decide whether a packet is allowed into the network. Stateful firewalls can be deployed to monitor and control traffic. Packets that are not permitted can be dropped according to stateful firewall rules. Firewalls should be SIP-protocol-aware to provide additional security in FWA.