com packet. Routers select paths for packets on the Internet and route messages between networks. Layer 5: Encryption Protocols These are Session Layer protocols that reorder data in packets by using complex mathematical algorithms to keep data private. Layer 7: Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) DPI services include Application Layer capability. DPI can look into packets to determine the application of the data within them. Knowing the capabilities in each layer helps in understanding the protocol and equipment capabilities being described. VIRTUALIZATION: SPACE, COST, AND MAINTENANCE EFFICIENCIES The term "virtual" refers to entities such as networks or servers that provide the functions of the physical devices that they are emulating. A virtual machine is software with the functionality of a computer. Server refers to single servers performing the functions of multiple servers. To illustrate, multiple virtual machines can exist within a single server, with each virtual machine performing the functions of a single server. Servers are computers used for specialized tasks such as managing document traffic to printers and storing applications. Without server virtualization, each server in a data center would support only a single operating system. Virtualization enables each server to run multiple operating systems, with each operating system running multiple applications. Each operating system running multiple applications is a virtual machine. This reduction in the number of servers required to support www.TechnicalPDF.com vast numbers of applications made virtualization a key building block for cloud computing. Technical advances have enabled virtualization to make it possible for large enterprises and cloud computing providers to consolidate servers. Supporting more than one operating system on a single physical server requires large amounts of processing power. However, with the development of powerful multi-core processors, parallel-computing streams can perform multiple computer instructions simultaneously. Virtu