 Fiji Islands [19]. The rate of overweight and obesity increased from 4.7% to 7.2% in children between the ages of 5 and 14 years from the National Nutritional Survey (NNS) 2004 to the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) 2016 while the rate of overweight and obesity increased from 6.2% to 8.1% in adolescents 15 to 17 years of age from NNS 2004 to NNS 2016 [20]. Figures 9.1 and 9.2 illustrate the distribution of obesity among different ethnic groups in Fiji [20]. Childhood Obesity in Pacific Island Countries Ethnic group i-Taukei Total FIGURE 9.1 Distribution of overweight and obesity in children (5-14 years old) across various ethnic groups in Fiji [20]. Ethnic Group i-Taukei Total FIGURE 9.2 Distribution of overweight and obesity in adolescents (15-17 years old) across different ethnic group in Fiji [20]. 9.4 RISK FACTORS FOR CHILDHOOD OBESITY Overweight and obesity result from the interaction of genetic, physiological, environmental, and psychological factors which results in a chronic imbalance between energy consumption (from foods and drinks) and energy expenditure 5G Wireless Communication System in Healthcare Informatics (physical activity). Davison and Birch suggest that the following are risk factors for childhood obesity: dietary intake, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior [21]. Environmental and behavioral changes over the past few decades have led to the prevalence of rising rates of obesity. Children grow up in a "obesogenic environ- ment," where unhealthy foods are more readily available, inexpensive, and enticing [22]. Fast foods with their ease and convenience have replaced home-made meals and the media influences the eating choices of children through the advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages. It is also known that portion size control protects against obesity [23]. Physical activity has been greatly reduced with the children spending more time on screen-based activities [24]. With the ease and speed of modern transport, walking to school is less common. Schools, in particular, have a 