rvice modem states - Wide bandwidth for other states Adaptation of cross-/same-slot scheduling for connected mode - Cross-slot scheduling for PDCCH-only and Voice Service modem states - Same-slot scheduling for other states Adaptation of PDCCH monitoring periodicity for connected mode - Long periodicity for PDCCH-only and Voice Service modem states - Short periodicity for other states During the Sleep modem state, as described above, it is of interest to reduce the power consumption due to paging monitoring and RRM measurement. Intuitively, wide band- width for paging monitoring and RRM measurement as well as frequent transitions between deep sleep and paging monitoring and RRM measurement are not power effi- cient. Therefore, the following candidate techniques are helpful to reduce the modem power consumption. 13 5G Modem Design Challenges Table 13.6 Modem power consumption model [7]. (a) Relative power consumption level for each modem state Light Micro SSB or sleep sleep sleep PDCCH-only CSI-RS Proc. PDCCH + PDSCH Relative power 250 @ 0 dBm level 700 @ 23 dBm Additional energy for state transition (b) Scaling factor Time domain Cross-slot scheduling: 0.7 X PDCCH-only Frequency domain Scaling for Y MHz = 0.4+0.6x(Y - 20)/80 (Reference: 100 MHz) 2 carriers: 1.7 X 1 carrier 4 carriers: 3.4: X 1 carrier 2 carriers = 1.7 > 1 carrier @ 0dBm; 2 carriers = 1.2x 1 carrier @ 23 dBm Narrow bandwidth for idle mode. Time window aggregation for paging monitoring and RRM measurement in DRX ¹5 operation. 13.5.2 Reducing Modem Power Consumption by Bandwidth Adaptation There are two ways to support a wide bandwidth: using a single wideband carrier (e.g. 100 MHz) or carrier aggregation (e.g. five carriers of 20 MHz each). Compared to a sin- gle wideband carrier, carrier aggregation introduces not only a higher PDCCH overhead but also a higher mobile device processing requirement to process more PDCCH blind decoding candidates. A single wideband carrier is therefore a more efficient approach than carrier aggregation with contiguou