s are connected together and interoperate). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is a collaboration agreement formed by European, Asian, and North American telecommunications standards for cellular protocols. See Table 7-6 in the "Appendix" for more details on 3G networks. Early LTE Implementations www.TechnicalPDF.com The earliest version of LTE was a pre-4G service. The capacity on these early LTE implementations reached ranges between 2Mbps and 25Mbps, not the 100Mbps defined in the 4G LTE specifications. LTE's use of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antennas is a key factor in increased capacities. LTE-THE FIRST TRUE 4TH GENERATION CELLULAR PROTOCOL Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is the first protocol to use spectrum more efficiently by transmitting both voice and data as IP packets over the same spectrum bands. It is no longer necessary to set aside spectrum exclusively for voice on different spectrum than that for data. LTE is additionally the first mobile protocol suitable for video and high-capacity data transmissions. Initially, LTE protocols did not support the full 4G rates defined by standards bodies; the ITU-R specified that 4G technologies support 100Mbps downlink transmissions from the network to the user. Criteria for 4G protocols are set by the ITU-R. The ITU-R defines the capabilities required for protocols to be considered 4G, but the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Program), does the actual development work of how these recommendations will be implemented. According to the ITU-R definition, which was published in November 2010, all 4G technologies must meet certain capabilities. The key 4G criteria are as follows: Data rates of 100Mbps downlink (from the network to the user device) for mobile devices such as those in cars or trains, and 1Gbps downlink speeds for low-mobility devices. Low mobility refers to devices used in fixed locations or portable only within a building. Internetworking with services based on international mobile telecommunications (IMT), earlier 3G protocols, and wi