Creation & Acquisition Theoretical K Organization & Retention Practical K Utilization K Dissemination Tools Country Atmosphere K-based economies Non-K based economies Figure 12.7 KM architecture A telecommunications Subject Matter Expert (SME) must have both theoretical and practical knowl- edge of the subject. The SME needs to know the mobile communications technologies, standards and systems. The SME can further add value to the company if the individual can file IPRs. 12.6.1.2 KM Process Literatures reveal that knowledge management process can be divided into four main sub-processes: Knowledge creation and acquisition: It includes knowledge capturing, searching, gathering, and synthesis. The enterprise needs to identify the knowledge gap between the required knowledge and the existing knowledge and set up the knowledge management strategy to fill the gap from internal or external sources. Knowledge organization and retention: The enterprise needs to verify the knowledge it has acquired from internal or external sources. It also needs to check whether that knowledge is consistence with the organizational needs. When the knowledge is organized in a proper and systematic format, it will be easy to retain for reuse. ICT repositories can be a great help in organizing and retaining the knowledge. Knowledge utilization: This sub-process looks into generating value from the knowledge or making the knowledge work for an organization by incorporating it into its employees, products and services. It can also include the adaptation of best practices from other leading organizations, uncover relevant knowledge, and apply it. Knowledge dissemination: Knowledge transfer can be both horizontal knowledge transfer which shares knowledge among employee in the organization, and vertical knowledge transfer that transfers between company's partners such as sister organizations (in other parts of the world) suppliers, customers, or collaboration institutes. ICT-based communication helps the process of dissemination to a great extent