ce specific configurations. Additionally the configuration has to be done manually on individual devices which limit the scalability. Configurations & management are more prone to human errors which results in network down situations. Isolating issues is becoming more complex in bigger & complex networks due to the lack of visibility into the Infrastructure & Applications. OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES Human Errors. Provisioning & de-provisioning. Manual Configurations on devices. Integration with L4-L7 Devices. Lack of Application Level Visibility. Verification of the configurations takes a lot of time. Rapid Reconfigurations of the device for frequent changes in the network. Isolation of operational Issues. Layer 2 Protocols configurations, management & troubleshooting. No Inbuilt security availability - Everything is allowed by default. 11. Limitations posed by the existing features & Protocols due to their static behavior. 12. Les Granular Control over the network. Every vendor has its own way of automating & orchestrating most of the frequent operational tasks with their own controllers and eventually reducing the operational Downloaded 4/15/2022 9:44:49 AM Nova Southeastern University IP Address:137.52.76.29 SDN Practical Orientation expenses. Different vendors are creating their own overlay solution to minimize network overhead and have the visibility of the architecture at the same time. Some of the vendors have their own underlay solution as well. Cisco defined the datacenter Automation & Orchestration with ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure) with application level visibility as well as built-in tools for more granular policy, micro segmentation & Security. This solution has a tight Integration between the underlay and the overlay solution built around 9K Series of Cisco nexus switches connected in a mesh fashion (Leaf Spine architecture). Management plane is abstracted from the fabric (Leaf Spine Nodes) to the controller known as Application policy Infrastructure controller (APIC). APIC is software on UCS