f data. Similar to eMBB, it is not a new use case - LTE NB-IoT, LTEMTC, and LoRaWAN, as well as many other technologies, have been developed in the past to address it. The full list of IMT-2020 TPRs is beyond the scope of this book, but Figure 2.10 from Recommendation M.2083, and a short summary in Table 2.3, can be used to illustrate how these differ from 4G. Compared with 4G, 5G technology addressing IMT-2020 requirements will need to sup- port much higher peak and user-experienced data rates, and much lower latencies (albeit not necessarily simultaneously). Both increased throughput and reduced latency will have RAN as well as spectrum impacts. Specifically, regarding latency, while NR design addresses air interface latency, most real-world applications are concerned with latency end-to-end, not just over the air. Reducing end-to-end latency will require both core network (CN) and RAN changes, for example with the usage of multi-access edge computing 9 (MEC), as fur- ther explained in Section 6.4. 9 Formerly known as mobile edge computing. 2 Market Drivers User experienced Peak data rate data rate (Gbit/s) (Mbit/s) IMT-2020 Area traffic capacity Spectrum (Mbit/s/m²) efficiency 100 X IMT-advanced Network Mobility energy efficiency (km/h) Connection density Latency (devices/km²) Figure 2.10 IMT-2020 requirements. (Source: ITU-R). Table 2.3 Summary of IMT-2020 requirements. Capability Description Peak data rate 10-20 Gbps User-experienced data rate 100 Mbps - 1 Gbps Latency Mobility 500 km/h Connection density 106/km2 3GPP has decided to submit NR (which is described in this book) as a candidate Radio Interface Technology (RIT) to IMT-2020 as well as NR and LTE, as a set of component RITs (SRIT) (3GPP RWS-180004). In practice this means that while only NR will address all IMT-2020 requirements, LTE (as a component of an LTE plus NR submission), will be able to address some of the IMT-2020 requirements and use cases. Note: while the primary focus of the book is 3GPP technologies, NR and NG-RAN in particular, it is