nd customer sup- port. Billing is related to order management as the customer is billed only for subscriptions specified in the order placed by the customer. Data from the order is used by customer support to validate the customer against the order number. Referring to the order placed by the customers, this helps the sup- port desk professional to better understand the problem specification from the customer. Order management usually has a workflow that it follows. The workflow would involve order capture, customer validation, fraud check, pro- visioning, activation response, order closure, and notification of customer. It has multiple interactions with a variety of OSS modules to manage order life cycle. 9. Credit risk management: Applications handling credit risk management offer communications service providers the ability to continuously assess and miti- gate subscriber credit risk throughout the customer life cycle. This helps the service providers to achieve greater operational efficiency. These applications tracks credit risk in near real-time, prior to subscriber acquisition, ongoing usage, and recovery. The real-time check is made possible by building an extensive customer profile consisting of demographics, usage patterns, pay- ment information, and other relevant customer information. This level of detail gives the accurate information of the subscriber and enables operators to automatically track credit risk by automating the process with the value of service utilization. Most applications can also create credit risk assessment schemes. Risk variations can be tracked by configuring alert conditions. 10. Interconnect billing: The interconnect are settlement systems that handle a variety of traffic, from simple voice to the most advanced content and data services. They support multiple billing formats and have powerful preprocess- ing capabilities. Volume-based simple to complex rating, revenue-sharing, discounting, and multiparty settlement can be performed on many types of services. Interconnect bill