e, Ronald, 6 congestion, 419-420 lighthouse parable, 407, 419-420 flat-rate/usage-sensitive pricing choice, 412-413 theory of the firm, 146-147, 174, 187 network neutrality and, 420-431 on transaction costs, 6 capacity expansion/metered pricing as Coasian proxy, as alternative solution to congestion, alternatives, 427-429 419-420 device attachment, 423-424 Coasian theory of networks, 36 discrimination against applications, 425 code division multiple access (CDMA), 388 discrimination against content, 425-427 collocation of multifunction equipment, limits to, 342 file server operation, 424 Index congestion economics (cont.) cost model, of architectural structure of home networking, 422-423 telecommunications networks, 5 reselling bandwidth/acting as Internet service cost-of-service ratemaking, 128-129, 255, 293 provider, 422 Crandall, Robert W., 307n82 transaction costs impact on pricing choice, 413-418 Crawford, Robert G., 147n32 connected graph, 42 critical mass, 122n1 constitutional limits on pricing network access customer premises equipment (CPE) confiscatory rate-making, competition among producers, 132, 235 determining just compensation, 221 platform access and, 157-158, 271-272, 327 determining market value under Takings Clause, proprietary, 381 224-227 vertical exclusion of, 123 determining whether taking has occurred, 221 cycles, lack in tree graph, 43 emergence of nonpossessory takings doctrine, 210-214 dark fiber, 65, 80, 243 Florida Power and physical takings vs. confiscatory data networks, 15 ratemaking, 216-217, 219-220, 279 DeBow, Michael, 226n44 land-use restrictions, 212 dedicated Internet access (DIA), 155 Loretto and physical vs. regulatory takings, 214-216, demand creation, 393 219-220 demand diversion, 393 market value preferred measure just compensation, denial of service, to protect network performance, 222-223 partial takings of utility property, 227-228 department store, access to, 391-392 physical appropriation, 212-213 design of networks physical takings jurisprudence applied to network 