(r), of transmission lines, 59-62 minimizing latency, 239-41 Quarter CIF (QCIF), 509, 518 Propagation modelling, 313 and channel characterisation fading prediction, 367-70 Racal, 25, 119 long-term fading, 352-4 Radiating resistance, 24 narrow band short-term fading, 354-6 Radio access network (RAN) evolution, 270-2 path loss and building penetration, 348-52 Radio capabilities and properties, comparison of, 122, 123 Index Radio channel characterisation, see Mobile radio channel Ray methods, 319 characterisation Ray models, 324-7 Radio communication systems, 15 advanced techniques for, 327-32 antenna arrays, applications, 333-7 Yagi-Uda array, 28-9 Reactances using transmission lines, 63-4 antenna distribution systems, 29 Real-time communication, 233 amplified aerial distribution systems, using amplifiers, 32-3 architecture and fundamentals: amplified antenna distribution systems, 32 media transport and control protocols, 236-9 balanced and unbalanced systems, 29-30 signaling protocols, 233-6 matching network, 32 systems, 233, 234 multi-point antenna distribution systems, 30-2 quality of service: antennas and aerials, 23 audio-video synchronization, 242-3 folded dipole antenna, 25 available bandwidth, adapting to, 242 half-wave dipole antenna, 24-5 combating losses, 241-42 monopole/vertical rod antenna, 25 minimizing latency, 239-41 multi-loop antennas, 26-8 Real-time control protocol (RTCP), 238 radiating resistance, 24 Real-time transport protocol (RTP), 193, 236-8 single loop antennas, 25-6 Receive signal processors (RSPs), 76, 84 modulation and demodulation, 16 Receiver-driven streaming, 226, 227 amplitude modulation (AM), 17-18 Receiver selectivity, 34-5 combined modulation methods, 19-20 Receivers, types of: frequency modulation (FM), 18-19 double superheterodyne receivers, 39 phase modulation (PM), 19 superheterodyne receiver, 37-9 radio receivers, 33 tuned radiofrequency receiver, 36-7 fundamental requirements, 34-6 Red, green, and blue (RGB) color space, 470 types, 36-9 scRGB color space, 470 radio signals