Administration, and Management 3GPP management system algorithm NF (CN) NF (RAN) algorithm algorithm Figure 6.5.9 Hybrid SON solution (Source: Reproduced by permission of © 3GPP). (MLB) (intra-system), Random Access Channel (RACH) optimizations, and MDT, and additional enhancements are expected to be added in Release-17. As the present section focuses on OAM, D-SON is considered outside of its scope. For further details on D-SON, refer to 3GPP TS 38.300 and TS 38.423. 6.5.9.6 Hybrid SON The hybrid SON solution expands the C-SON solution by integration of D-SON functions running in the network nodes, such as gNB. While C-SON has the advantage of visibility in multiple domains and centralized analytics capabilities, these come at the cost of cer- tain delay, which may make it unsuitable for resolving problems requiring a fast response. D-SON on the other hand can address this issue, at least when the problem is local to a particular NF. As both capabilities are likely to be needed in a real network, hybrid SON can be used, as shown in Figure 6.5.9. 6.5.10 Further Reading More information on RAN management can be found in the 3GPP specifications listed below. Here we provide a short explanation of which SON aspects are described in which specifications (out of many, which are relevant to SON): TS 28.530, Management and orchestration; Concepts, use cases and requirements. TS 28.531, Management and orchestration; Provisioning: - Management services for network slice provisioning; - Coordination with transport network, interaction with ETSI MANO facilities; - RESTful HTTP-based solution set of provisioning. 6 Enabling Technologies TS 28.532, Management and orchestration; Generic management services: - Generic provisioning management service; operations and notifications; ManagedEn- tity role; - Generic fault supervision management service; - Mapping of operations and notifications onto the RESTful HTTP-based solution set of provisioning; - RESTful HTTP-based solution set of fault supervision; OpenAPI specification: des