ented on January 1, 1984. The 22 Bell telephone companies were merged into seven Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs). The RBOCs were allowed to sell local and toll calling within the 197 defined local or in-state Local Access And Transport (LATA) areas. They also retained the Yellow Pages. AT&T retained manufacturing and inter-LATA (primarily interstate) and international toll calling. Part III. Managing Broadband Networks and Broadband Network Services Chapter 4 Managing Broadband Networks Chapter 5 Broadband Network Services www.TechnicalPDF.com 4. Managing Broadband Networks In this chapter: Introduction The Public Network Core Networks-Between Cities and Continents Bandwidth Capabilities in Carrier Networks Optical Transport Networks-Carrying Multiple Types of Traffic Transporting Movies and TV in the Core Middle-Mile Networks Last-Mile Access Networks Access Networks in Cable Operators' Networks Using Cable Modem Termination Systems for IP Traffic Telecommunications Services in National Emergencies Signaling Appendix INTRODUCTION Growing dependence on cloud computing, social networking, and in particular video streaming has caused data traffic to increase more rapidly than ever before. According to Cisco, busy hour data traffic increased 32 percent from 2015 to 2016, and 51 percent from 2016 to 2017. This increase in traffic volume presents enormous challenges to carriers. Adding capacity to networks does not solve issues of managing the added video on networks. In addition to adding capacity, telephone and cable TV operators are implementing software to: Automatically reroute traffic around congested or failed routes Prioritize content on networks Streamline the process of implementing new revenue, producing services for residential and enterprise subscribers. www.TechnicalPDF.com Automatically reroute traffic around congested or failed routes Quickly and cost effectively deploy and back up network gear Quickly add new subscriber and enterprise features by enabling subscribers to activate them Manage 