ed, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail: permissions@elsevier.com. permissions@ elsevier.com. You may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting "Support & Contact," then "Copyright and Permission," and then "Obtaining Permissions." Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The cable and telecommunications professionals' reference / edited by Goff Hill. - 3rd p. cm. Rev. ed. of: Telecommunications engineer's reference book / edited by Fraidoon Mazda. 2nd ed. 1998. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-240-80748-5 (alk. paper) 1. Telecommunication: transport networks. I. Hill, Goff. II. Telecommunications engineer's reference book. TK5101.M37 2007 621.382-dc22 2007003442 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. For information on all Focal Press publications, visit our website at www.books.elsevier.com. Printed in the United States 08 09 10 11 12 10 098765432 Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com www.bookaid.org www.sabre.org ELSEVIER BOOK AID International Sabre Foundation To my family This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface Contributors Part 1 Voice Transmission Stuart D. Walker and Rouzbeh Razavi Speech-Coding Principles Pulse Code Modulation Multiplexing Transmission Performance Resources 2 Data Transmission Stuart D. Walker, Emilio Hugues-Salas, Rouzbeh Razavi, and Tahmina Ajmal Introduction Data Transmission Basics Transmission Performance Timing and Synchroni