ements, 82-3 System-on-chip (SoC), 99 multiband radio, 70 Systematic convolutional (RSC) codes, 214, 215 multi-carrier/multi-channel radio, 70 multimode radio, 70 multi-rate radio, 70 'Talk-over', 190 as platform for cognitive radio, 91 Tanner graph, 206, 207 applications, 109-10 Teledesic, 7 cognitive waveform development, 111-12 Temporal domain compression, 509-10 development and design, 101-8 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, 403 hardware architecture, 92-9 Terrestrial packet systems, 8 software architecture, 99-101 TestableObject parent class, 104 waveform development, 110-11 Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 259, 261, 262-3 variable bandwidth, 70 Time Division Duplex (TDD), 264, 265 Software-defined networks, see Virtual private networks Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), 154, 155, 167, 296, 298 (VPNs) architecture, 162 Software Package Descriptor (SPD), 107 Time propagation delay, 43 Software radio, 8-9, 116 Timestamp, 235 Software technology, for cognitive radio development, 125 Tornado codes, 207 artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, 125-6 ToS (Type of Service), 183 networking protocols, 127 Traditional telephony services, 268-9 policy engines, 125 Transcoding, 189 signal processing, 126-7 Transmission coefficient, 43, 57 software communications architecture, 127-8 Transmission lines, 41 Source-channel coding, 204-5 characteristic impedance: Source coding, 202 by measurement, 50-2 lossless source coding, 202-3 from primary electrical parameters, 48-50 lossy source coding, 203 couplers, 64 Spatial compression, 509 branch-line coupler, 65-6 Spatial multiplexing, 275 'rat-race' coupler, 66-7 ring coupler, 66 SpeakEasy, 70 as electrical components, 62 Specialized private systems, 7-8 impedance relations, 63-4 Specific absorption rate (SAR), 147 input impedance, of low loss transmission lines, 63 Spectral mask, 390 reactances using transmission lines, 63-4 Spectrum awareness/frequency occupancy, 123 as transformers, 64 Spectrum awareness: electrical transmission lines, types of, 44 and potential fo