European incumbent carrier. The results in the case of a competi- tive carrier are only slightly different due to the different weight of internal process structure. We will give only, as an example, the result relative to the service management for a competitive European carrier. The plot, analogous to that of Figure 8.30, is reported in Figure 8.33. The percentage OPEX spare is of the same order of magnitude of that fore- casted for the incumbent, demonstrating that, if ASON/GMPLS will maintain its promises it is a good step in the right direction. Telecommunication Networks Normalized OPEX Service offer and SLA Service provisioning Sales Project manag. Administration Network op. Service cease FIGURE 8.33 Global result for the overall OPEX of a competitive carrier. (After Pasqualini, S. et al., IEEE Commun. Mag., 6, 28, 2005.) References 1. ITU-T Recommendations regarding ASON standard architecture G.8080/Y.1304: Architecture for the automatically switched optical network (ASON) G.807/Y.1302: Requirements for automatic switched transport networks (ASTN) Call and Connection Management G.7713/Y.1704: Distributed call and connection management (DCM) G.7713.1/Y.1704.1: DCM signalling mechanism using PNNI/Q.2931 G.7713.2/Y.1704.2: DCM signalling mechanism using GMPLS RSVP-TE G.7713.3/Y.1704.3: DCM signalling mechanism using GMPLS CR-LDP Discovery and Link Management G.7714/Y.1705: Generalized automatic discovery techniques G.7715/Y.1706: Architecture and requirements of routing for automatic switched transport network G.7716/Y.1707: Architecture and requirements of link resource management for automatically switched transport networks G.7717/Y.1708: ASTN connection admission control. Other Related Recommendations G.872: Architecture of optical transport networks G.709/Y.1331: Interface for the optical transport network (OTN) G.959.1: Optical transport network physical layer interfaces G.874: Management aspects of the optical transport network element G.874.1: Optical transport network (OTN) protocol-neutral manageme