TDMA, CDMA (inherent FDMA) CDMA (inherent FDMA) Duplex method Channel spacing and carrier 5 MHz (nominal) and 3.84 Mcps chip rate Time slot and frame length 15 slots/frame and 10 ms Spreading factor 1,2,4,8,16 4. 512 Channel allocation Slow and fast DCA supported No DCA required Types of burst Traffic bursts, random access DTX time mask defined, and synchronization burst burst not applicable Multi-rate concept Multi-code, multi-slot and or- Multi-code and orthogonal thogonal variable spreading variable spreading Forward error correction Convolutional coding R= 1/2 or 1/3 constraint length K=9, (FEC) codes turbo coding (8-state PCCC R=1/3) or service specific coding Interleaving Inter-frame interleaving (10, 20, 40 and 80 ms) Modulation Detection Coherent, based on midamble Coherent, based on pilot symbols Dedicated channel power UL: open loop; 100 or 200 Hz Fast closed loop; control DL: closed loop; rate 800 Hz rate = 1500 Hz Intra-frequency handover Hard handover Soft and softer handovers Inter-frequency handover Hard handover Intra-cell interference can- Support for joint detection Support for advanced re- cellation ceivers at base station gold codes with 10 ms period (38400 chips at 3.84 Mcps) used in the FDD mode, with the actual code itself length 218_1 chips, and scrambling codes of length 16 used in the TDD mode; User Equipment (UE) separating codes: gold codes with 10 ms period, or alternatively S(2) codes 256 chip period for FDD mode, and codes with period of 16 chips and mid- amble sequences of different length depending on the environment for the TDD mode. The key physical layer procedures involved with UTRA operation are: power control, with both inner loop and slow quality loop for FDD mode, and for TDD mode open loop in uplink and inner loop in downlink; cell search operation. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology Measurements reported to higher layers and network containing radio characteristics like FER, SIR, interference power, etc. are: handover measurements within UTRA, e.g. determinatio