is a carrier-neutral facility. Neutral co-loca- tion facilities are owned by noncarrier organizations, including Equinix and Telehouse. Neutral refers to the fact that carriers that use these facilities can send traffic over routes offered by any carrier connected to the same facility. A carrier at a neutral site can lease routes from any other provider at the site, such as Level 3, Windstream, or Time Warner Telecom, Inc. Carriers locate gateways, switches, and routers in these facilities to exchange traffic with other providers and to manage their own traffic. Connecting Smaller Providers and Competitors to Customers Telephone companies and Multiple System Operators (MSOs) rent various portions of their networks to smaller providers and to competitors that might have some of their own switches and/or long-haul networks, but no last-mile connections to customers. They offer these services on a wholesale basis. For example, they offer connections between their POPs and their local central offices. These connections are considered transports. Smaller providers use these lines to transport traffic between their own switch (which might be located at the POP) and the local telephone company's switch. They also lease last-mile cabling infrastructure to reach each of their customers. Both large and small providers make these arrangements with one another. For example, Verizon sells services to large enterprises that have offices throughout the United States and around the world. Often, these enterprises purchase nationwide net- working services for all of their locations. Verizon rents transport services from pro- viders such as AT&T in cities where it does not own the local cabling infrastructure. Providers make these types of arrangements with carriers in other countries, as well. AT&T, in turn, leases these services for its own large customers' remote offices that are located in areas where AT&T does not have its own last-mile network or central office switches. SUMMARY Until the early 2000s, increased traffic on br