d throughput for LTE TDD cell in comparison with an LTE FDD cell. In LTE TDD, it is possible for 3GPP to allow different configurations that have a different mix of UL and DL subframes. Based on the traffic volume, the TDD configuration mode can be selected (i.e., for sites where higher usage of UL data is predicted, TDD config 0 can be configured whereas for sites where higher DL data are predicted, TDD mode 2 or 5 can be used). TDD config mode not only depends on the amount of UL and DL data but it also depends on the nature of traffic that is being used and the block error rate (BLER) history of the site. For example, if for a site the majority of the data are display sensitive, then a faster switching time (5 ms) is required, whereas if throughput and spectral efficiency are the criteria, then a switching time of 10 ms will be good. Similarly, for an area that is subject to very few retransmissions and higher DL data, TDD mode 5 would be ideal, whereas if the error rate is higher, then TDD mode 0, 1, or 2 would be preferred. This section will explain what MIMO is and the different transmission modes and advantages of each mode. The basic intent of this section is to explain the implication of MIMO on radio network planning and how or which MIMO settings can help for different deployment types. CHAPTER 1 NETWORK PLANNING Transmit Diversity Mode In transmit diversity mode, each antenna transmits the same stream of data. At the receiver end, because there are multiple streams being received by multiple receivers, and the probability of reconstruction of the data is much higher, thereby improving the signal to noise ratio. The transmit diversity mode of MIMO, if implemented in an area, will improve the coverage area by around a 3-db margin. The transmit diversity mode is useful for cells that are planned for rural areas where the cell size is typically large and users are typically spread across the cell. Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing Closed loop spatial multiplexing is useful when the user's throughput or cel