mit and receive video in real-time over IP networks. These systems vary mainly in terms of quality and in the amount of bandwidth used to transmit video over networks. In this sense, the telecom vendors and manu- facturers have focused on developing low- to medium-bandwidth conferencing systems, typically based on H.320 and H.323 standards. In addition to these commercial products and systems, academic researchers and the university community have also looked for a higher-quality and higher-bandwidth video system that operates over high-speed research and educational networks (e.g., Internet2-Abilene Network). One of the main key aspects of SIP signaling is the decoupling between signaling and media. As a consequence, any kind of media can be signaled by SIP, if SDP can support it. Three examples are briefly explained about videoconferencing using new media: Tele-immersion Digital video (DV) Uncompressed High Definition Video © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC SIP: Advanced Media Integration G-UNI Non-SIP (web service) SIP signaling RTP stream Service media provider controller invite Media stream over promise optical network User A User B FIGURE 2.16 SIP session setup using GMPLS promise optical network. Tele-Immersion For Applications Supporting New Interactive Services (TIFANIS) [33] was a European cooperative project under the CELTIC- EUREKA cluster, focused on designing and implementing a full tele-immersive system, with several trial scenarios. Basic SIP services to tele-immersive systems have been provided and tested by developing a Transmission Reception Sub- system (TRS) module and integrated in one of the cubicles (see Figure 2.17). With the new generation of camcorders, a user can manage high-quality of video on its own. Editing tools are known and common among users. They only need to plug the digital interface of the camcorder into the PC and capture its signal. Digital Video Transport System (DVTS) [34] and Ultragrid [35] are exam- ples of software that receive these signals and transmit them dire