 terminal equipment mounted in a rack or on a wall. This equipment can be used to provision T1, DS3, OC3, or OC12 trans- mission capacity. Record circuit identification details and get an explanation of the amount of capacity in use and available for future Compare the circuit list with the items being billed. Many times service is disconnected, but the billing continues. If circuits, facilities, or service is being billed but not delivered (i.e., billing for a fax line, but the line is physically disconnected), you are due a refund. Getting the refund can be challenge without a disconnect order. It is not unusual to find billing errors. Be cautious about use of the term disconnected. A telephone line, which may serve or have served a fax machine, may not be disconnected from the service provider's perspective. However, it is an entirely different matter for billing for the line to appear on the bill, and the line not available for use because service was interrupted or discontinued at some point in the past. If a valid disconnect order exists and service was not discontinued, the refund is due. Recognize and understand the importance, relationship to, and difference between unit cost and departmental and enterprise wide PRACTICAL IP AND TELECOM FOR BROADCAST ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS expense. How expenses are classified and tracked by a department and then rolled up into the overall picture is important because it's easy to lose sight of duplication and individual item unit cost. For example, it is a common practice to include volume discount from basic pricing in contracts for most all equipment, facilities, and ser- vices in use. Don't be surprised if this escapes the attention of the person who writes each service order change or the person who pays the bill each month. SEVEN STEPS TO PRACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS COST MANAGEMENT Invoice validation against standard cost Day-to-day order administration-moves adds, and changes Initiating and managing capital projects Analysis of spending and resource utilization Mo