s of, 181-182, 270, 328, 366-367 public tariff application, 173 point-to-point network, 24, 24f Pupin coil, 244 Poisson arrival rate, 55n11, 56n11, 96 pure public goods, 412 Poisson process, 62 Poisson service rate, 55n11, 56n11 queuing theory, 55, 55n11, 56n11 Polanyi, Karl, 16 Qwest, 15, 130, 154-155 pole attachments, 197-198 Pole Attachments Act, 208, 216-217 railroad industry, 14-15 policy-based routers, 383, 425 categorically prohibited business practices, 374 Populist School, 395 dynamic efficiency, 390-391 port blocking, 425n20 inputs of service in, 29 Posner, Richard, 307, 349n28, 354 interconnection to bottleneck facility, 380 postal service, 27-28 measurement of services in, 50 priority pricing in, 93-94 monopoly issues in, 285, 285n12, 286 production stages of, 167, 167f trackage rights, 198 retail access to, 31 Ramsey pricing, 174, 256, 317 post-Chicago school of antitrust law and economics, rate averaging, 235 145-148, 290, 294 rate regulation, 2-3 potential connections, 121 traditional, 186n15 Powell, Michael, 345, 345n20, 345n21 Ratner, James R., 286n13, 297n47 power outage, major blackout, 152 Rauch, James E., 17 precautionary principle, 402 Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), 124, price caps, 129 132, 157-158,1 price discrimination, 141n26 recent purchase cost, as second-best solution, 197 pricing methodologies, 39 reciprocal compensation, 239, 265 direct costs, 205-207 RBOCs. See Regional Bell Operating Companies effect of platform competition, 207 regulation basics fair value principle, 205-206 basic instruments, 126-135 historical cost, 206 capital-intensive ratemaking, 127-129 replacement cost, 206 cost-of-service approach, 128-129 excess capacity and zero opportunity costs, 207-209 detariffing, 129-130 general functions of, 77 price caps, 129 market-based pricing (See market-based pricing) structural separation, 130-132 network costs consistency and, 200-205 tariffing, 126-130 economies of scale and scope, 201-203 unbundling, 132-135 sunk costs, 203-205 economic justifications, 119-12