ential broadband market, and cannot be easily adapted for mixed services and switching. For instance, a user who desires to connect alternately to a NSP and to a corporate network requires two separate routers. Moreover, it does not support QoS for video and voice. Consequently, NSPs generally deploy ADSL with ATM layer 2 multiplexing. Currently, Network Service Providers are offering ADSL networks with Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs), and ATM-based paths between user terminals and NSPs or corporate LAN gateways. Users cannot alter PVCs; they require network administrator intervention. IP routing over a PVC provides access to the Internet or to a corporate network. ATM Switched Virtual Circuits (SVC) were envisioned as the upgrade path. A SVC connection is established in Real-Time in response to signaling messages from the customer. SVCs would greatly reduce the effort to provision service to a new customer, and would permit customers to roam freely between Information Service Providers. Switching traffic through an ATM backbone provides services flexibility and provides the best compromise for convergence. By inserting a DSLAM with integrated ADSL modems for each subscriber at each end office, networks reach subscriber premises over existing copper lines. The ATM cloud resides within the ADSL access provider's access network. SVCs would allow sequential Network Service Provider (NSP) selection from a given client. Such premises may be comprised of an Ethernet Circuit-switched Networks connection between the ADSL modem and the PC, an ADSL modem that is integrated into a PC, or a premises network. To serve multiple PCs it might be necessary to install a small router at the premises. PVCs do not scale as a network grows to millions of customers and thousands of circuit changes a day. SVCs allow users to connect and disconnect just as they make telephone calls, but are difficult and costly to implement. However, PPP over ATM simulates a limited form of customer-controlled switching that enables users to access num