tisfy the minimum require- ments defined by ITU. For this IMT-2020 development process, ITU has published three reports; Reports ITU-RM.2410, 2411, and 2412 [3-5]. These reports provide the minimum requirements for candidate IMT-2020 radio interface technologies and their evaluation methodolo- gies. The minimum requirements defined by ITU consist of the "service," "spectrum," and "technical performance" requirements, respectively, which are summarized in the table below (see Table 2.4). 2 5G Targets and Standardization Table 2.4 IMT-2020 minimum requirements defined by ITU. Requirements Service requirements Support for wide range of Support a range of services across different usage scenarios services (eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC) Spectrum requirements Frequency bands Able to utilize at least one frequency band identified for IMT in the ITU identified for IMT Radio Regulations? Higher-frequency Able to utilize the higher-frequency range/band(s) above 24.25 GHz? range/band(s) Technical performance requirements Peak data rate Downlink: 20 Gbps, Uplink: 10 Gbps. Peak spectral efficiency Downlink: 30 bps/Hz, Uplink: 15 bps/Hz. User experienced data rate In the Dense Urban - eMBB test environment, Downlink: 100 Mbps and Uplink: 50 Mbps. 5th percentile user Downlink Uplink spectral efficiency Test environment (bps/Hz) (bps/Hz) Indoor Hotspot - eMBB Dense Urban - eMBB 0.225 Rural - eMBB 0.045 Average spectral efficiency Downlink Uplink Test environment (bit/s/Hz/TRxP) (bit/s/Hz/TRxP) Indoor Hotspot - eMBB Dense Urban - eMBB Rural - eMBB Area traffic capacity In the Indoor Hotspot - eMBB test environment, Downlink: 10 Mbps/m² User plane latency 4 ms for eMBB, 1 ms for URLLC Control plane latency 20 ms Connection density In the mMTC usage scenario, 1000000 devices per km2 Energy efficiency In the eMBB usage scenario, capability to support a high sleep ratio and long sleep duration Reliability In the URLLC usage scenario, 1-10-5 success probability of transmitting a layer 2 PDU (protocol data unit) of 32 bytes within 1 ms in cha