rom the ever-existing static programming possibilities. This is far from the truth. Control and central manage- ment certainly do exist in IP networks, although they do not address the same functions. The key control points in IP become the edge routers or media gateways. See the functions covered in Chapter 11, such as QoS and security management. Figure 16.13 summarizes the section on configuration. 16.5 SERVICE MANAGEMENT This section is a bridge between the process-oriented part and a more business-oriented part. The user perception has a direct impact the service layer development. Centralized management for service provisioning becomes a key factor for increased operator agility and profitability. See Figure 16.14. Server platforms are built to deliver services and media contents irrespective of the IP host's access type. Most future services beyond voice will be developed and driven into the marketplace by content-based servers. The expression service management is used for service provisioning and service data management. The managers that handle personal end-user service provisioning and service man- agement are sometimes called personal service environment managers. It is an end-user contact point for managing his/her personal service environment. The personal service environment contains secure personalized information, stored in user profiles, defining how subscribed services are provided and presented to the end user. QoS and security become important prerequisites in the overall service management. As described in Chapter 6, QoS (and security) is a layered feature. Therefore the overall Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business End-to-end service management Application Application Applications management Session Session transport System transport management os & HW os & HW TE + MT Network QoS network management Radio access network Service data network network or Internet QoS by UMTS mechanisms QoS by external mechanisms Figure 16.14 An end-to-end, all-layer 