ace (-), 467 Superposition of states, see State Theory of information, see Information Support space, 437, 443, 444, 452 Thermal process, 23 Surprise, 41, 43, 45 Thermodynamics, 286 Symbol, 44-5, 53 second law/principle, 50, 69, 82, 283, 285, 581, error, see Error 584-6 Syndrome, 212, 215 Thomas, J. A., 90, 111, 148, 206, 252, 578, 583, polynomial, see Polynomial 587, 610, 621 quantum, 497, 503, 505, 506, 508, TIFF, 207, 601 Systematic constant, 28 code representation, see Code division multiplexing (TDM), 591 output, 224 stamping, 543 SWAP gate, see CROSSOVER Todd, Odgen, 34 Szilárd, L., 50, 285, 286 Toffoli gate, 298, 299, 320, 322, 325 Tongue, 57 Table Tossing coins, see Coin look-up, 162 Trace (matrix), see Matrix of instructions (Turing machine), see Action Trailer (block), see Block table Transistor-transistor logic, see TTL truth, 291 Transition TCP/IP, 225 matrix, 233 Telecommunications, 32 operator, see Operator Teleportation, XV, xix, 356, 450, 559, Transmission pipe, 208 Transmitter, 208 of quantum gates, 356 Transposition (matrix/operator), 328 of quNits, 372 Trapdoor function, 541 of two qubits, 372-4, 637-43 Tree, see Coding Index Triangle inequality, 442 Universal Turing machine, see Turing Triangular probability distribution, see Probability Universe, 50 Trit, 134, 136 UNIX, 199 Trust interval, 22 UTM, see Turing Truth table, see Table TTL, 294 Vandermonde matrix, see Matrix Turbo codes, see Code Variance, 21, 26 Turing, A., 97, 107 of observable, see Observable Turing Vector length/modulus, 334 complete computer, 290 Vedral, V., 296, 300, 326 equivalent computer, 290 Venn diagram, 12, 76, 79 machine, xiv, xix, 97, 108, 110, 111, 289 Video compression, see Compression universal (-) machine (UTM), 96, 107, 114, 116, Viterbi algorithm, 223 Vitter algorithm, 200 Typewriter (noisy channel), see Channel VLSI (very large scale integration), 540 Typical Von Neumann, J., 50, 286 sequence (classical), , 245, 252-5 Von Neumann sequence (quantum), 460, 464, 465 architecture/computer, 283, 288, 290, 301, 306,