 MIB can be implemented as a soft- ware database, it is not necessarily a database and it is best defined as a description Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS of objects. Information management model SMI, performs the activity of defining the general characteristics and types of MIB objects. Some of the standards that are relevant from information handling perspec- tive are: Standard Description ISO/IEC 8824-1 (X.680) Basic ASN.1 Notation ISO/IEC 8824-2 (X.681) Information Objects Specification ISO/IEC 8825-1 (X.690) Basic, Canonical, and Distinguished Encoding Rules RFC 1155 Defines the Structure of Management Information (SMI) RFC 1213 MIB for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets RFC 3418 Management Information Base (MIB) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 15.2 ASN.1 The ASN.1 has the capability to represent most types of data involving variable, complex, and structures that need to be extended. It was developed as a joint effort from ISO and ITU-T and is mainly defined in ITU-T X.680/ISO 8824-1. 15.2.1 ASN.1 Simple Types The simple types can be classified into basic types, character string types, object types, and miscellaneous types. A few examples for each of the simple types are given below: Basic Character String Object Miscellaneous Types Types Types Types BOOLEAN NumericString Has an "OBJECT IDENTIFIER" and INTEGER PrintableString UTCTime "ObjectDescriptor" ENUMERATED GraphicString TeletexString The basic type is similar to data types in most programming languages. The character string presents different flavors of string for specific applications. An object type is for defining an object. It has an identifier called OBJECT IDENTIFIER Information Handling and description of the object given in ObjectDescriptor. Miscellaneous types are to include generic types like GeneralizedTime (e.g., 2010), UTCTime (e.g., yy = 80..99 : 1980-1999), and SO forth. Syntax for type definition: <type name> ::= <type> Examples of type definition: 1. TIMER ::= INTEGER 2. MacAddress ::= OCTET STRING 3. 