trict access control is of upmost importance. Issues of security can lead to misuse of camera or presence sensors, for example, and unwanted access to actuators such as heaters or water valves may result in loss of money or property damage. New Opportunities Can Arise In the world where mobile handset subscriptions have reached or surpassed one hundred percent of the population in many countries, and competition has focused on providing faster data or cheaper calls, the emergence of IoT will bring additional business opportu- nities. It is already clear that cellular operators are, for example, selling simple property surveillance systems to ordinary people - and more services will surely come to market in the coming years. For equipment manufacturers the opportunities are also huge. 3GPP packet data access is becoming present in most places and for many business ideas is already virtually always available, and this combined with low cost 3GPP modems and data packages, is enabling the creation of all imaginable (and still unimaginable) Internet connected objects and, of course, also gateways for the smart objects that are too simple or power constrained to directly use cellular access. 6.6 Chapter Summary In this chapter we touched upon two enhancements to 3GPP architecture. The first dealt with network steered (bulk) Internet traffic offloading from the 3GPP access to alternative access Deploying IPv6 in 3GPP Networks technologies. The offloading solutions were built entirely on top of IPv6 functionality. We described both DHCPv6- and NDP-based solution approaches. For the NDP-based solution we also described and analyzed how to extend offload to also handle IPv4 traffic. The solutions make use of the 3GPP access as the trusted channel for offloading policies pushed by the operator from the network to the UE. All these solutions have a certain set of challenges, issues caused by possible multiple provisioning domains being one. The second enhancement is about evolving the 3GPP bearer model. Our humble attempt wa