st countries and selling them on to the United States. Thus, as value chains get longer, we are also likely to see the emergence of more intermediaries to support the process, e.g. brokers, advisers, training providers, location finders, recruiters and local facilities managers. Some of these tasks will be based in the home country, thereby illustrating the complex picture emerging and the likelihood that offshoring will increasingly be offset by the creation of new activities in the home country. As companies become more experienced with managing offshored activities, the tendency is for more skilled tasks to be offshored, largely because the potential wage savings are highest. For instance, Indian-based radiographers have been used to interpret X-rays for US hospitals, and Mumbai-based lawyers being used by the Thomson Corporation to prepare summaries of US court judgements. It is likely that this trend will continue. The property usage model and its effects on employment Populations have increased over the past 200 years with industrial growth, not just in absolute numbers but also in distribution. The move has been from rural settlements and semi-rural market towns and villages for an agricultural economy towards concentration in cities for industrial manufacture. Towards the end of the 19th century suburbia began in earnest in OECD countries such as the United Kingdom and suburban living took off in the 20th century, especially with the rise of the service sector. In the NICs, the first migration is still happening - China has 750 million people in its rural, largely agricultural, economy who are moving to the cities in search of higher paying work. 73 Advanced telecommunications already means that new models of office usage are emerging in the OECD community and may spread. For instance, the home is increasingly used as office space - the small office/home office market (SOHO) - and traditional offices are changing to centres for meeting and INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRI