Further Outlook for LTE Evolution and 5G Table 17.1 IMT-2020 use case families and their relation to the IMT-2020 requirements Use case family Requirement at a different importance level Requirement High (H) Medium (M) Low (L) Peak data rate 20 Gbps ~ IMT-A Best effort User-experienced 100-1000 Mbps Several Mbps Best effort data rate Mobility Moderate mobility Low mobility without service degradation Latency Several ms Somewhat larger latency acceptable Connection 106/km² 104-106/km2 < 104/km2 density Network energy 100 X IMT-A Important efficiency Spectrum 3 X IMT-A ~ IMT-A efficiency Area traffic 10 Mbps/m² Several hundred capacity Gbps/km² A, extended mobile broadband; B, massive machine communication; C, ultra-reliable and low latency communication. Spectrum efficiency, with the obvious target to have clearly higher efficiency than LTE- Advanced. Latency (end-to-end delay) as low as 1 ms. Typically mentioned use cases included tactile Internet type of use cases, but several industry automation use cases require very low latency. Higher density of connected devices, with support for 1 million connections per square kilometre. Higher mobility, up to 500 kmph. Reliability of the connection, which is relevant especially for approaches such as industrial automation. Energy efficiency, to achieve lower energy consumption. 17.4 5G Spectrum Another important aspect for handling more traffic is to have enough spectrum available for 5G. The upcoming WRC-15 is going to address spectrum below 6 GHz which is essential for having good coverage, especially when considering rural areas. It is foreseen in the next phase with WRC-19 to address spectrum above 6 GHz, even up to 100 GHz for more local user and denser network deployments. The spectrum below 6 GHz and closer to 1 GHz will be important from the coverage point of view especially when one considers use cases such as M2M. The frequency bands above LTE Small Cell Optimization Table 17.2 Spectrum usage models Licensed model Unlicensed model Complementary licensed model S