hat reshaped the telecommunications industry, soon followed; while ENFIA created a regula- tory framework for long distance competition, more drastic action would impact the business framework. In fact, 1984 was not only the year named in The Rebirth of Competition George Orwell's prophecy, it marked the crucial restructuring of the American telecommunications industry into one in which market forces and competition, not monopoly, would predominate. Endnotes In the Matter of Use of the Carterfone Device in Message Toll Telephone Service, 13 FCC 2d 420 (1968). Note that the FCC used its authority over interstate telephone service to over- ride state restrictions against foreign attachments. Proposals for New or Revised Classes of Interstate and Foreign Message Toll Telephone Service (MTS) and Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS), First Report and Order, 56 FCC 2d 593 (1975); Second Report and Order, 58 FCC 2d 736 (1976). Two exceptions to registration are noted: pay phones and party lines. In the former case, customer-provided attachments could have compromised the integrity of the billing process. In the latter case, telephone instruments provided with the party line were typically set up to ring selectively and some- times allow automatic billing of calls to the proper party. Party line subscribers were thus a long-standing exception to the right to have customer-provided terminal equipment. It is tempting to say "when deregulation occurs," but in practice it is regulation that is needed to overcome the monopoly; absent regulatory pressure, the telephone companies could have simply disconnected service to those who had the temerity to attach their own equipment to the network. See, for instance, the 1979 Bell System Practices, Section 460-000-006, Alpha-Numeric Index, Station, Key, PBX and Private Service Systems. This was made available on http://www.bellsystemmemorial.com/ More precisely, the T1 transmission system carried the DS-1 (digital signal level 1) rate of 1.544 Mbps, with no inherent notion of channeliz