-segment (Medium Definition) program and one 4-segments SDTV program. 9.12.2.7 3GPP MBMS 3GPP MBMS is a uni-directional point-to-multipoint service in which data is transmitted from a single source entity to multiple recipients. Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service has two modes namely Broadcast mode and Multicast mode. 9.12.2.7.1 MBMS Technicalities The MBMS feature is split into the MBMS Bearer Service and the MBMS User Service. The MBMS Bearer Service includes a Multicast- and a Broadcast Mode. The MBMS Bearer Service uses IP Association of Radio Industries and Businesses is a standardization organization in Japan. IMS, Services and Applications ISDB-T channel, segment and program allocation UHF band: 50 channels 470 MHz 476 MHz 472 MHz 466 MHz 752 MHz 759 MHz 764 MHz 770 MHz 13 ch. 14 ch. 15 ch. 60 ch. 61 ch. 62 ch. (5,617 carriers/ch.) 13 segments 430 kHz guardband 5.57 MHz bandwidth/ch. 430 kHz guardband 428 kHz bandwidth/segment (Max. 432 carriers/segment) 1 seg program (single segment) 12 segments HDTV program 8 segments (Mid. DTV) program SDTV program SDTV program 1 SDTV program 2 SDTV program 3 Figure 9.17 ISDB-T multiple program broadcasting. Reproduced from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main Page [13] Multicast ¹² addresses for the IP flows. The advantage of the MBMS Bearer Service compared to legacy UMTS bearer services (interactive, streaming, etc.) is that the transmission resources in the core- and radio network are shared. One MBMS packet flow is replicated by GGSN, SGSN and RNCs. MBMS may use an advanced counting scheme to decide, whether or not zero, one or more dedicated (i.e., unicast) radio channels lead to a more efficient system usage than one common (i.e., broadcast) radio channel. UTRAN MBMS offers up to 256kbit/s per MBMS Bearer Service and between 800kbit/s and 1.7Mbit/s per cell/band. The actual cell capacity depends on the UE capabilities and network conditions. GERAN 12 In IP multicast the implementation of the multicast concept occurs at the IP routing level, where routers create 