ctrum for terres- technical challenges, 285 trial service, 139 video conversion and distribution engines, shared access to increase efficient utilization, 314-316 Stuxnet worm, 275 shortage of, for LTE implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa, 405-412 Europe, 413 Subscriber Connector (SC), 43 spectral efficiency in 802. 11n antennas, 368 subscriber identity module (SIM) cards, 322 synchronizing internationally, 318 sunk costs, 241 unlicensed spectrum for super Wi-Fi, 319 Sun Solaris 10, 62 unused, on secondary market, 317 "Super" Wi-Fi, 320 utilization of, management by cable compa- sustainability of carrier networks, 205 nies, 204 key factors affecting, 206 spectrum auction, 135 Sweden, 413, 417 speech compression, 17 carriers offering LTE, 413 speech recognition, 99 switched video, 204 speed dialing, 321 sharing signaling channels to enable, 256 splitter in passive optical networks (PONs), 197 switches Spotify, 16 Class 5 switches, 179 spread spectrum technology, 323 connected to virtualized physical servers, 56 Sprint, merger with Nextel, 135, 316 with converged network adapters (CNAs), Sprint Nextel, 109 pre-4G mobile services, 339 Fibre Channel and Ethernet ports in, 59 prepaid product lines, 365 Layer 2 switches, 24, 69, 77, 103 SS7 (Signaling System 7), 208 Layer 3 switches, 24, 69, 103 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 231, 233 Layer 4 switches, 103 token identification with, 234 legacy switches, 182 Starcomms, Ltd, 411 mobile network, 330 star configuration. See hub-and-spoke network SBCs, central office switches, 182 configuration security software in LAN switches, 277 state of the industry. See telecommunications toll switches, 179 industry, state of virtual switches on physical servers, 60 statistical multiplexing, 19 synchronous compression, 15 STM-1 (155Mbps), 171 Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), 171 STM-16 (2.5Gbps), 171 SONET/SDH traffic, 175 STM (Synchronous Transport Mode), 171 Synchronous Ethernet, 172 storage Synchronous Optical Network. See SONET capacity on commodity servers, 57 synchronous protoc