 to a common format. Subsequent intelligence terminals require total programmability of frequency, waveform, number of channels, communication security, and transmission security, making subsequent terminals SDRs [17]. (Continued) CHAPTER 2.4b Cognitive radio: The technologies required Table 2.4b-2 Selected examples of software programmable radios.-Cont'o NTDR (Near-Term Digital Radio) system A mobile packet data radio network that links Tactical Operations Centers (TOCs) in a brigade area (up to 400 radios). The NTDR system provides self-organizing, self- healing network capability. Network management terminals provide radio network management. The radios interface with emerging Army Battle Command System (ABCS) automated systems and support large-scale networks in mobile operations with efficient routing software that supports multicast operations. Over-the-air programmability eliminates the need to send maintenance personnel to make frequency changes [18]. AN/PRC-138 Falcon A manpack or vehicular-mounted HF and VHF radio set. Capabilities include frequency coverage of 1.6-60 MHz in SSB/CW/AME (single-sideband, continuous wave, AM equivalent) and FM in the VHF band and 100 preset channels. In the data mode, the AN/PRC-138 offers a variety of compatible modem waveforms that allows it to be integrated into existing system architectures. Specific features include embedded encryption, ALE, embedded high-performance HF data modems, improved power consumption management, and variable power output [19]. MBMMR (MultiBand, MultiMode Radio) An AN/PSC-5D(C) that enhances interoperability among special operation forces units. The MBMMR supports LOS and SATCOM voice and data in six basic modes: LOS, Maritime, HaveQuick I/II, SINCGARS, SATCOM, and DAMA. Additional features include embedded Tl Range Extension and Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction (MELP) voice coding. Over-the-air rekeying (OTAR), extended 30 to 420 MHz band, MIL-STD-188-181B high data rate in LOS communications and SATCOM, and MIL- STD-188-184 embedded advan