quirements of specific traffic categories. Prohibited practices. Network operators may not block, slow down, alter, restrict, interfere with, degrade, or discriminate between specific content, applications, or services, or specific categories thereof, except as necessary, and only for as long as necessary. However, this should be done in such manner that preserves the integrity of the network and/or end-user equipment, and deals with network congestion by treating equivalent traffic categories equally. Specialized or managed services. Network operators, as well as content and service providers, are free to offer services (other than Internet access) which are optimized for specific content, applications, or services, where such optimization is necessary in respect of QoS. However, these services can be offered only if the network capacity is sufficient for their provision in addition to any IAS. Overall, this is closely related to network planning and design. 8.6 Network Neutrality Approaches Overall broadband quality is assessed on a periodical basis or assessment is trig- gered by customer requests. If the results show significant discrepancy, continuous or regularly recurring, regarding IAS performance such as speed (i.e. bitrates) in uplink/downlink or other QoS parameters, that will be decided (e.g. by the NRA) as non-conformity of performance and may trigger the remedies available to the consumer which must be in accordance with national laws. In European countries, ISPs are required to ensure that any contract which includes IAS specifies at least the following aspects [7]: Information about how traffic management measures applied by that provider could impact on the QoS of the IAS, on the privacy of customers, and protection of their personal data. Explicit information about any volume limitation (i.e. data cap), speed, and other QoS parameters that may impact the IAS and any OTT service or content provided over the public Internet access. Clear explanation about the minimum, normally available speeds (i.