SCH design, Ericsson, January 2016. [24] 5G Americas White Paper, Wireless Technology Evolution Towards 5G: 3GPP Release 13 to Release 15 and Beyond, February 2017. [25] NB-IoT, ShareTechnote. <http://www.sharetechnote.com/>. CHAPTER 7 Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications The concept of connected car has recently emerged, which provides new services to drivers via wireless communications that is considered as one of the most distinctive features of next generation vehicles. Vehicles wirelessly connected to other vehicles and pedestrians within proximity can identify the possibility of collisions by exchanging information such as speed, direction and their location. The vehicles can also communicate with a network entity in charge of traffic control SO that they can be informed of weather, and road hazards or receive guidance on the speed and route for traffic flow optimization. The automotive industry is evolving toward connected and autonomous vehicles that have the potential to improve safety and to reduce traffic congestion while reducing the environmental impacts of the vehicles. A key enabler of this evolution is vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communica- tions, which allows a vehicle to communicate with its surroundings, other vehicles, pedes- trians, road-side equipment, and the Internet. Using V2X, critical information can be exchanged among vehicles to improve situation awareness and to avoid accidents. Furthermore, V2X provides reliable access to the vast information available in the cloud. For example, real-time traffic reports, sensor data, and high-definition mapping data can be shared and accessed, which are useful not only for improving today's driving experience, but also will be essential for navigating self-driving vehicles in the future. V2X communications enables the exchange of information between vehicles and between vehicles and other nodes (infrastructure and pedestrians). The 3GPP Rel-12 device-to- device communication served as the basis for the V2X work in Rel-14. In Rel-14, 3GPP spec