 all the information flows and financial flows between the provider and supplier. 9.5 eTOM Enterprise Management Processes Enterprise Management involves the knowledge of enterprise-level actions and needs and encompasses all business management processes that are necessary to support the rest of the enterprise. These processes are necessary in any business because they are needed to run the business at the enterprise level, to direct the busi- ness and to support the direct and indirect customer processes. Enterprise manage- ment processes include corporate-level processes such as those for financial, legal, regulatory and public relations management. This area sets corporate strategies and 31 Terms that have been used to describe these relationships include synergistic clusters, coalitions and business ecosystems. OSS for Telecom Networks directions and provides guidelines and targets for the rest of the business. These are sometimes considered as the "corporate" functions and/or processes. Enterprise management also includes strategic planning for the enterprise in addition to infor- mation systems strategy development and management. Enterprise management processes in general do not have a customised aspect for information and commu- nications service providers. The enterprise management process groupings are: strategic and enterprise planning brand management, market research and advertising financial and asset management human resources management stakeholder and external relations management research and development, and technology acquisition enterprise quality management, design of business processes, and planning and architecture of IT systems disaster recovery, security management and fraud management. A basic process modeling methodology was used to start the process modeling work of the eTOM. A top-down approach was adopted in the development phase of the eTOM. This permitted the definition of the business process framework at the enterprise level in a series of Level 1 process groupings. These Level