mation society, for example by offering more bandwidth and enabling profitability for a new range of services. Convergence has led to more complex networks, covering more than one single ser- vice and using mixed and sometimes superimposed technologies. Layered stacks have Where is the money? Service roadmap framework Market trends Household segments Singles Lifestyle Couples analysis & application Couples with children Priority development services Single parents 65 and over Education & information Attractiveness Shopping Business segments Each service is considered for each of the segments Entertainment based on attractiveness and time frame as follows: & leisure Small office/ Home office Relationships - Attractiveness - acceptance, importance, perceived value, likelihood of take-up Health Small & Medium - Time frame window of opportunity, improved enterprise product/service, availability of application/ Finance technology/terminal/access Corporate Timing The above framework was applied to identify the end-user services that would be in demand by each market segment Figure 4.10 A business-oriented view towards the end user Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business become taller due to horizontal stratification and tunnelling. Networks in one technology behave like bearers or tunnels (physical and data links layers) for higher layer networks in a different technology. This is very usual with IP (i.e. IP over ATM, IP over frame relay, etc.). In combination with the ongoing technical paradigm shift from a number of vertical networks to a horizontal network, increased attention is justified for a business-oriented view towards the network corner. The view should include a comparison between optional architectures regarding: The revenue potential, for example expressed in a service implementation overview. Chapters 5 and 8 treat this subject. The investment cost aspects. A common expression is CAPEX, capital expenditure, described in this chapter. The operation cost aspects. 