ons, liv (public switched telephone network) Processing power, XXX-XXXI Pulse, 19-20 Progressive scanning, 404 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), 119, 324 Project RAND, 61 Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC), 425, 700-701 Protocol header, 256 PVCs (permanent virtual circuits), 10, 225 Protocol or packet data units (PDUs), 255 PVR (personal video recording), 392 Protocol stack (suite), 165 PWE3, 373 Index QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) RA (Radiocommunications Agency), 35 DOCSIS standard and, 514-518 Radio access networks (RANs), 699-700 EFM using, 482 Radio, defined, 550 overview of, 158 Radio frequency identification. See RFID (radio fre- wireless signals with, 562 quency identification) QCELP (Quantized Code-Excited Linear Predic- Radio frequency interference (RFI), 45, 532-533 tion), 577 Radio frequency (RF), 556 QoS (quality of service) Radio network controller (RNC), IMS, 700 ATM networks and, 229-230, 438-440 Radio Transmission Technology (1X RTT), 608 CBQ for, 444 Radio waves, 551 circuit switching, 89 Radiocommunications Agency (RA), 35 COPS, 444-445 RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-in User defined, 437 Services) DOCSIS 1.1 supporting, 515 for Internet-based VPNs, 350 Frame Relay, 227 VPN security with, 375 IEEE 802.11e, 645-646 in WLAN security, 647-648 implementing, 437 RADSL (Rate-Adaptive DSL) Internet, 101, 312 defined, 50 IP (Internet protocol). See IP (Internet proto- OFDM with, 573 col), QoS overview of, 507-508 IPT, 328-330 Random early detection (RED), 296, 328 LDAP, 445 RANs (radio access networks), 699-700 main approaches to, 438 RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol), next-generation networks, liv, 410-411, 437-445 Rate-Adaptive DSL. See RADSL (Rate-Adaptive packet-switched networks, 98, 216-217 policy-based management for, 444 RBS (Robbed Bit Signaling), 121 VoWLANs, 649-650 RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4), 376 VPNs, 357-358 Readers, RFID, 675-678 Web surfing, 150 Real-time communications, liv WiMax, 622 Real-Time Polling Service, WiMax, 622 QPSK (Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying) Real-Time Streaming 