fficiencies for various test environments. The spectral efficiency for Line-of-Sight and Non-Line-of-Sight scenarios are calculated and provided in Table 12-11. It is shown that the IEEE 802.1 16m exceeds the ITU-R requirements in all test cases in both TDD and FDD duplex modes. 12.9.4 Peak Spectral Efficiency The peak spectral efficiency is the highest theoretical data rate transmitted to a single mobile station normalized by bandwidth, assuming error-free transmission conditions, when all available radio resources for the corresponding link direction are fully utilized. The radio resources exclude those that are used for physical layer synchronization, reference signals or pilots, guard bands, and guard times. The peak spectral efficiency of the IEEE 802.16m was calculated based on the guidelines and defi- nition provided in Report ITU-R M.2134 [5] and Report ITU-R M.2135-1 [6]. The FDD and TDD modes were considered separately, and channel bandwidth was assumed to be 20 MHz for a TDD and X 20 MHz for an FDD duplex scheme with FFT size of 2048, and cyclic prefix length of 1/16 of the useful OFDM symbol length. In addition, four and two streams are considered in downlink and uplink, respectively. The physical layer overhead due to preambles, midamble, cyclic prefix, guard sub- carriers, switching time, and idle time per radio frame were calculated and deducted from the total available time-frequency resources per frame. Since the peak spectral efficiency is calculated under error-free conditions, the coding rate is set to one and the maximum modulation scheme (64 QAM) is considered. It is further assumed that the downlink to uplink ratio is 1:1 in the TDD duplex scheme. Under the above assumptions, the peak spectral efficiency of the IEEE 802. 16m is calculated as shown in Table 12-12. It is shown that the IEEE 802.16n exceeds ITU-R requirements. CHAPTER 12 Performance of IEEE 802. 16m and 3GPP LTE-Advanced 50% Point of Uplink SINR CDF Uplink SINR (dB) FIGURE 12-8 CDF of uplink SINR distribution for various test 