 and comprehensive understanding is your objective, you will find this book essential reading. However, not everyone needs, wants, or has the time to understand the topic of synchronization to this depth. The book is structured to meet your needs whether you have a need for specific knowledge or seek to be an expert. Whatever your objective, I'm sure you will find this book essential literature to support your goal. Enjoy! -Tommy Cook Founder and CEO of Calnex Solutions, Plc. Introduction Maintaining high-quality synchronization is very important for many forms of communication, and with mobile networks it is an especially critical precondition for good performance. Synchroniza- tion will have a dramatic (negative) effect on the efficiency, reliability, and capacity of the network, if the timing distribution network is not properly designed, implemented, and managed. The stringent clock accuracy and precision requirements in these networks require that network en- gineers have a deep knowledge and understanding of synchronization protocols, their behavior, and their deployment needs. Synchronization standards are also evolving to address a wide range of application needs using real- time network techniques. Factory automation, audio/video systems, synchronizing wireless sensors, and the Internet of things are some of the use cases where synchronization is extensively used, in addition to 4G/5G mobile and radio systems. Motivation for Writing This Book Timing and synchronization are not easy concepts to grasp, and they are becoming increasingly complex and nuanced as newer technologies become available. The learning curve is steep, and much of the existing material on the topic is dispersed across many resources and in a variety of formats. When viewed from outside, the subject of timing appears as a castle with a high wall and a broad moat. It is no surprise, then, that timing tends to frighten off the newcomer, as at first its complexity is daunting. Recent research confirms our belief that the engineer starting