ement. A Brief on History Two technically different management approaches have developed during the last decade. They address mainly the basic structure and data interchange within the emerging man- agement network. Users Operations Operations Fulfilment Assurance FAB remains the core of Billing support & the operations area readiness Customer relationship management Service management & operations Operations support & readiness is separated from FAB. It contains for example operation process management, campaigns, Resource management & operations (Applications, computing and network) operations resource management, and supplier/partner contract updates Supplier/Partner relationship management Network Figure 16.3 The TM operations area Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business The modern centralized "spider" structure of the management IN implemented in Service layer Server Content Business plan Service network Server SERVICE Infrastructure servers NETWORK DESIGN/CONFIG Policy, DNS, AÃA, CSCF, IN Control MANAGEMENT Server Server Server Server network servers MANAGEMENT NETWORK CONTROL NETWORK IP links H.248 Possibly IPsec CONNECTIVITY Trunk NETWORK Terminal Trunk Terminal Terminal Terminal Terminal Figure 16.4 The management network applied to the network element based view presented in Chapter 3: the modern centralized 'spider' structure of the management From the telecom side the need to concentrate and standardize many different types of management systems into an integral network management became apparent. The business side put forward a requirement to cope with the increasing operational costs derived from network expansion. On the data side the explosion of Internet networking caused a tremendous expansion on the networks that brought many of them close to collapse. The network administrators needed solutions to smoothly adapt the networks to the pace of expansion. Telecom: ITU-T developed the TMN concept (telecommunication network manage- ment). TMN is based on an 