/Hz/cell] UTRA baseline 0.332 0.316 E-UTRA 1x2 0.735 0.681 E-UTRA 1x4 1.103 1.038 E-UTRA 2x2 SU-MIMO 0.776 Sources: C 2007 3GPP [30] and [31] Average User Throughput (Case 3) Average User Throughput (Case 1) E-UTRA E-UTRA E-UTRA baseline SU-MIMO SU-MIMO SU-MIMO Figure 3.35 Downlink average cell throughput Table 3.11 VoIP capacity results Average VoIP Capacity (users/sector) Deployment Scenario Case 1 Case 3 Source: C 2007 3GPP [32] 3GPP Evolved Packet System (EPS) Average User Throughput (Case 3) Average User Throughput (Case 1) E-UTRA E-UTRA E-UTRA E-UTRA baseline MU-MIMO SU-MIMO Figure 3.36 Uplink average cell throughput 3.10.2.1 Test Setup NSN along with Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications Heinrich-Hertz- Institut of Berlin measured the performance of LTE radio systems under real network deployment conditions. NSN has installed two LTE test beds in the German cities of Munich and Berlin. The test bed in Berlin is operated in cooperation with the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut. The reason for operating two installations is to evaluate the performance of LTE in a number of real urban deployment scenarios that are regarded as typical for major LTE deployments. A series of drive tests was performed in the vicinity of installed LTE test bed in the center of these two cities. The test bed operated at 2.6 GHz with channel bandwidth support up to 20 MHz and 2 X 2 MIMO antennas configuration. The single test site in Munich was capable of supporting MIMO whereas the test bed in Berlin consisted of three base stations separated by 500 meters. In addition to the base station (eNodeB), the test bed also consisted of FPGA (field programmable gate arrays) LTE test terminals, GPS receivers and various laptops to act as local maintenance terminals, application servers and application clients (as shown in Figure 3.37). The test mobile controller (LMT) allows selection of operating modes such as fixed MCS (modulation and coding scheme), link adaption, SIMO, MIMO and SO on. All performance data displayed on the local management 