g subscription management. Common processes shared by cooperating actors are desirable especially when using common resources. Provision of service enablers such as streaming, MMS and instant messaging to be included. Provision of security with AAA. Web service handling will come. Other service layer management areas are: Performance management, e.g. QoS, alarms, monitoring, statistics, log list, perfor- mance criteria. Fault management with corrective actions. IP service network management. 16.6 TM OPERATIONS FROM A ROCE PERSPECTIVE Chapters 4 and 5 contain a few sections on TM related business: Impact of management (Chapter 4) Cost-efficiency (Chapter 4) Telecom management and the service plan (Chapter 5) Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business This section treats telecom management from a ROCE view. Telecom management is nowadays very much business oriented, focusing on increasing overall profitability. This target is often based on ROCE. Telecom management acts on all three terms of the ROCE equation. See Figure 16.16. The revenue side is related to the billing interface towards the user. Apart from competi- tive and fair charging, user demands on the network operator/other actors are characterized by attributes such as: Service offerings Agility Quality of Service Security All these demands are considered as success factors or prerequisites if you like. The factors have the stringent conditioning of being required end to end. In multi-operator environments this is not an easy task. A single failure in a link in the chain can spoil the whole service as perceived by the end user. End user needs and behaviour are not static. They usually change over time. Many new service offerings will come thanks to the new network capabilities. The network itself changes, either due to scheduled extensions/new services and replacements or to unexpected events. This stresses the importance of telecom management as an integrator able to adapt to different end-user and telecom business