included the capability of encoding and decoding 2 SIP Trunking audio. Using basic components such as a networked computer, microphone, and speaker, the VoIP equivalent of "Hello, Watson. Come here. I need you." was achieved. Traditional telecommunications companies had the equivalent of VoIP for many years in the form of the Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) circuit. The PRI ISDN circuit takes a TDM voice channel and breaks it into segments that are multiplexed down a single physical wire. The idea that was going to dramatically change the world of communications was that the protocol stack that voice communica- tions travel on was not specifically designed for predictable voice traffic. IP had no underlying expectation of the traffic that flows across it, SO the idea of sending VoIP was not envisioned when the protocol was created. Instead, the wide adoption of networked computers using a standard TCP/IP stack enabled the advancements in technology that have lead to more development of communications technology and ultimately wide- spread adoption of Unified Communications. These first basic experiments in telephony quickly created a movement, and what is cur- rently seen as IP Telephony emerged around 1996. Since then, IP Telephony systems, hardware, and software have matured and become more sophisticated, but many of the basic components remain the same. Basic Components of IP Telephony The primary data that travels over IP Telephony is voice communications, SO the first component required is a microphone to record the voice and a speaker to play back the audio. The technology that was widely deployed in these components changed little between 1996 and 2006; however, since 2006, new advancements have occurred. Microphones and Speakers Standard microphones and speakers that have historically been used in telephony are able to capture and transmit audio fidelity from 200 to 2000 khz. This is referred to as nar- rowband audio and matches what can be transmitted over the Publ