conferencing Department of Defense (DoD). The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is defining a payload packetization format for carrying H.264/AVC video with RTP. Europe's Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) standards body approved H.264/AVC for broadcast television in Europe, and it became a requirement for HDTV and pay TV channels for digital terrestrial broadcast television services receivers in France in 2004. H.264 is also included as a mandatory player feature in the DVD Forum's HD- DVD format, which is slated for product deployment by 2006. It is also being built into QuickTime and PlayStation Portable. H.235 The formal name of H.235 is "Security and encryption for H-Series (H.323 and other H.245 based) multimedia terminals." One improvement that is defined in Revision Two of Recommendation H.323, H.235 was developed to provide a security framework for H.323 and other multimedia systems. It addresses authentication and confidentiality. H.235 can leverage IETF security protocols such as IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) or TLS (Transport Layer Security). Formerly H.SECURE, H.235 was developed to address the need for organizations to trust the integrity and confidentiality of H.323 calls as they have trusted circuit- switched voice calls. Securing H.323 involves not only protecting the audio or video stream, but also Q.931 (call setup), H.245 (call management), and Gatekeeper Registration/Admission/Status. H.235 addresses the three fundamental goals of information security, confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Authentication is the process of identifying and verifying a potential caller/callee, or a particular machine. Authentication is critical in H.323 security since, without it, anyone can represent himself or herself as anyone else and can thereby enter a conference. Moreover, the execution of all other H.235 security options is contingent upon the authentication of nodes in an H.323 call. To ensure integrity, H.235 validates a packet's data payload to ensure that the payload has not been corru