sentation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that contains fewer bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more significant bits equal to 0. Arithmetic right shift of a two's complement integer representation of X by y binary digits. This function is defined only for positive integer values of y. Bits shifted into the MSBs as a result of the right shift have a value equal to the MSB of X prior to the shift operation. X << y Arithmetic left shift of a two's complement integer representation of X by y binary digits. This function is defined only for positive integer values of y. Bits shifted into the LSBs as a result of the left shift have a value equal to 0. Assignment operators The following arithmetic operators are defined as follows: Assignment operator. Increment, i.e., x++ is equivalent to x=x+ when used in an array index, evaluates to the value of the variable prior to the increment operation. Decrement, i.e., x is equivalent to x x - 1; when used in an array index, evaluates to the value of the variable prior to the decrement operation. Increment by amount specified, i.e., X += 3 is equivalent to x x x 3 3, and X += (-3) is equivalent to x xx ( -3). Decrement by amount specified, i.e., X -= 3 is equivalent to X = X - 3, and X -= (-3) is equivalent to - (-3). Range notation The following notation is used to specify a range of values: x = y..z X takes on integer values starting from y to Z, inclusive, with X, y, and Z being integer numbers. Mathematical functions The following mathematical functions are defined as follows: Rec. ITU-T H.264 (01/2012) Abs( x) (5-1) Ceil(x) the smallest integer greater than or equal to X. (5-2) Cliply( x) = Clip3(0,(1<<BitDepthy)-1,x (5-3) Clip1c(x) = p3(0,(1<<BitDepthc)-1,x) (5-4) x ; z x x Clip3(x,y,z) (5-5) ; otherwise Floor( x) the greatest integer less than or equal to X. (5-6) InverseRasterScan( a, b, c, d, (5-7) Log2(x) returns the base-2 logarithm of X. (5-8) Log10(x) returns the base-10 logarithm of X. (5-9) Median( X,