 driver with awareness of 360 degrees around the vehicle and warn them about a potential crash before it happens, thereby preventing it. V2V allows an automobile to communicate within about 300 meters, or almost 1,000 feet, with similarly enabled vehicles. Personal privacy is considered in V2V technology, SO only required information is shared. At intersections, it can provide a driver with assistance and guidance for safely entering an intersection. It can provide the emergency application of brakes and warnings when it is not safe to pass a slow- moving vehicle. V2V can adequately cover vehicles' traditional blind spots. V2V uses a wireless protocol called Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC). DSRC, along with GPS, is what enables V2V communications. Vehicles may broadcast their speed, acceleration, direction, GPS location, path, and other information related to the steering wheel and transmission system. In Figure 14.1, we can see how forward obstacle detection and avoidance and approaching emergency vehicle warnings work with DSRC (see https://cecas.clemson.edu/cvel/auto/ systems/DSRC.html): Forward Obstacle Detection and Avoidance Information about accident or traffic sent back to following vehicles using DSRC Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning Information about approaching emergency vehicle sent ahead through vehicles using DSRC Figure 14.1 - DSRC A background on CAVs and their concepts The DSRC protocol can be potentially used for any applications, such as collision avoidance at an intersection, automatic vehicle safety inspection, electronic toll collection, parking payments, and rail intersection warnings. As shown in Figure 14.2, DSRC can be used for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC). This capability is useful when the other car may not be in the line of sight and regular ACC is not sufficient. Adaptive Cruise Control Violet Car Speed: 10 mph Red Car Speed: 65mph Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Figure 14.2 - CACC with DSRC Next, we will look at bike collision avoidance with DSRC, a