w.bluetooth.com is a non-profit group founded at 1998 for developing standards, profiles, and certification around Bluetooth and then licensing the technologies and trademarks for manufacturers. This group is not focusing on IoT in particular, but some of the old standards such as transporting IPv4 and IPv6 over Bluetooth with 'Bluetooth Personal Area Networking'-profile [93] and newer ones such as 'Bluetooth Low-Energy' [94], are possible technologies to be used on smart objects. This is true especially for smart objects that people carry with them, as in the 3GPP handsets Bluetooth support is almost ubiquitous, while, for example, ZigBee non-existent. Hence the handsets can be providing Internet connectivity to the Bluetooth enabled smart objects. 6.5.3 IoT Domain from the 3GPP Point of View In Figure 6.6 we illustrate one view of the IoT domain from the 3GPP point of view. The IoT domain is centered around the Internet, which is furthermore connected to different types of networks: cellular network and fixed home, civil, industrial, and the generic 'other' types of networks as illustrated in this figure. All of these networks can contain sensors and actuators, and of course any infrastructure required for providing connectivity for those (not shown in the figure). We have expanded the 3GPP network part a bit and we show there the sensors and actuators as well - these can be directly connected to 3GPP access and hence be typical machine-to-machine style of entities. It is worth realizing that this figure is one presentation - in another presentation the 3GPP access could be presented as wireless connectivity technology used by wireless home, civil, industrial, and other networks to connect to the Internet. In the 3GPP network in Figure 6.6 we are also showing a connected UE, which is performing tethering for a LAN that contains sensors and actuators. This illustrates the way the networks can be connected to other networks, and how a UE is not only accessing sensors and actuators all around the Internet, but can