er WIMAX CPE Base Station WiFi AP Ethernet Cable IP backbone Access IP backbone Outdoor CPE Ethernet WiFi/WiMAX hybrid Controller Base Station (wall mounted) Cable Network w/ New QoS Mechanism WiMAX Network Figure 4.13 Failure of QoS in a WiMAX/WiFi hybrid network Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem Table 4.2 Proposed QoS mechanism in WiMAX/WiFi hybrid network New QoS Mapping Mechanism QoS Type WiFi QoS Priority WiMAX QoS Priority QoS Type Priority Reserved Lowest Reserved Undefined Undefined Background Background Background Background Best Effort Best Effort (Low) Best Effort Best Effort (High) Video Video, nrtPS Video Video, rtPS Voice Voice, ertPS Voice Highest Voice, UGS nrtPS ertPS Res erved Figure 4.14 shows the high level network architecture of WiMAX with Femtocell access point. WiMAX Femtocell Access Point (WFAP) is a scaled down version of WiMAX base station which is suitable for in-building deployment. WFAP provides WiMAX air interface functionality for small coverage areas with a capacity to support five to six subscribers. WFAP connects to CSN through the packet switched IP network (e.g., DSL) via ASN Gateway. The ASN Gateway in the core network terminates multiple WFAPs and provides connectivity to the CSN network elements and to the network management system. The network management system is used to remotely manage WFAP devices. It is used to configure the devices, auto provision, troubleshoot, and create and update an accurate neighbor list. This entire management process can be done with minimal user involvement and operator input [11,12]. Coverage and capacity analysis of WFAP is shown in [11] where the authors assumed operating frequency of 2.3 GHz with a 10 MHz channel. The same carrier frequency and entire 10 MHz bandwidth were used by all the base stations and WFAP. Some of the findings are as follows: The indoor coverage is considerably improved (up to 99.8%) when WFAP are distant from each other in both public and private deployments. WFAP can increase the spectral efficiency o