logging defined, 348, 530 actions during troubleshooting, 701 processing delay, 348-349 ASA considerations, 507-509 propagation delay, 348 monitoring, 460 VoIP issues, 530 Index login method, 454 hop count, 123 loopback addresses, 168, 650, 676 redistribution process and, 147, 153 loopback interfaces, 168 Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), 3 loopback tests, 366-369 microbursting, 585 LOS (loss of signal), 362 midplane architecture, 267 low-latency queuing (LLQ), 223, 582, 589- MIMO (multiinput multioutput), 512 mls qos command, 535 LSAs (link state advertisements), 138 mls qos trust cos command, 336 mode command, 486 modular switches (see chassis-based switches) module CSM command, 246 M13 (Multiplexed DS1 to DS3), 376 modules MAC address table, 11, 86 chassis backplane support, 240 MAC addresses for chassis-based switches, 18 ARP support, 12, 389 Cisco 6500 switch support, 15, 231, 236 differences displaying, 13 inserting into chassis-based switches, 241 EtherChannel load balancing and, 65 interaction with buses, 241-244 Ethernet frames and, 11 routing cables to, 18 filtering, 514, 520 types of, 244-249 port security and, 329 monitor command, 332 MAC ID filtering, 514, 520 monitoring mac-address use-virtual command, 256 failover status, 496 macro command, 321 logs, 460 macro description command, 322 performance, 362-363 macro trace command, 322 policy routing, 203-205 macros, smartport, 320-324 QoS, 617-620 mail transfer agent (MTA), 478 MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching), 409- major network defined, 109, 113 MRTG (Multi Router Traffic Grapher), 356, IP routing table, 113 man syslog command, 509 MSFC (multilayer switch function card) man syslogd command, 509 defined, 222 MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks), 3 IOS and, 225 marking packets, 578 supervisors and, 238 match commands (route maps), 199 MTA (mail transfer agent), 478 match protocol http command, 617 MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit), 426 max-reserved bandwidth command, 592 Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG), 356, maxims (see GAD's maxims) Maximum Transmi