2.16-2009 standard reference system based on common understanding of its behavior was established (see Figure 4-1) as a basis for characterization of IEEE 802. 16m systems. A mobile station compliant with IEEE 802.16-2009 standard [1] operates in four distinct states, as follows: Initialization State: initialization is a state where a mobile station without any connection performs cell search and cell selection by scanning and synchronizing to a cell and acquiring the cell identification, as well as the system configuration information. The mobile station returns to the scanning step if it fails to properly perform the required procedures in the next steps (shown with gray-colored arrows in Figure 4-1). Access State: access is a (transient) state where the mobile station performs network entry with the selected base station. The Access State comprises the following procedures: (1) initial ranging and uplink synchronization; (2) basic capability negotiation; (3) authentication, authorization, and key exchange; (4) registration with the BS; and (5) service flow establishment (IP connection). The mobile station receives specific user identification as part of Access State procedures. The IP address assignment may follow using appropriate procedures. Connected State: the Connected State includes procedures that the mobile station performs to transmit or receive control signals and/or data in the Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL), while measuring the received RF signal strength of the neighboring base stations and conserving power. The Connected State consists of the following modes: Active Mode: In this mode, downlink or uplink transmissions at appropriate intervals can be scheduled for the MS by the serving BS. Channel quality measurements based on downlink reference signals may be conducted and reported to the BS by the MS in order to assist the BS scheduler in properly adapting to the link characteristics and selecting the most appropriate transmission formats for data and control signals sent to (or received from) th