d over-provisioning storage solutions. In other words, this kind of utilization through a shared pool of storage can be easily and quickly allocated as it is needed to avoid constraints on storage capacity that often hinder application performance. 4.2.4.5.3 Fewer Points of Management With storage virtualization, multiple independent storage devices, even if scattered across a net- work, appear to be a single monolithic storage device and can be managed centrally (23, n.d.). With the VIM solution OpenStack, the Swift and Cinder projects assist in the virtualization of storage Building the Network of the Future needs. The OpenStack Object Store project, known as Swift, offers cloud storage software SO that you can store and retrieve lots of data with a simple API. It is built for scale and optimized for dura- bility, availability, and concurrency across the entire data set. Swift is ideal for storing unstruc- tured data that can grow without bound (24, n.d.). Cinder is a block storage service for OpenStack. The short description of Cinder is that it virtualizes the management of block storage devices and provides end users with a self-service API to request and consume those resources without requir- ing any knowledge of where their storage is actually deployed or on what type of device (25, n.d.). 4.2.5 ORCHESTRATOR Network functions virtualization orchestration is used to coordinate the resources and networks needed to set up cloud-based services and applications. This process uses a variety of virtualization software and industry standard hardware (26, n.d.). Cloud service providers often use NFV orchestration to rapidly deploy services, or VNFs, using cloud software rather than specialized hardware networks. Resource orchestration is important to ensure there are adequate compute, storage, and network resources available to provide a network service. To meet that objective, the NFV orchestrator can work either with the VIM or directly with NFVI resources, depending on the requirements. It has the ability to co