t Forum) [12] defines Ethernet services, such as E-Line and E-LAN, that are widely used for mobile backhaul. With the service definitions, the service is abstracted from the implementation, allowing different underlying technolo- gies that are not visible to the user. Recently, MEF has extended the work to cover IP services. 9.3 Technologies Table 9.1 Networking technologies overview. Technology Description, Application, Comment Point-to-Point optical link, ITU-T CWDM grid for 18 channels ITU-T DWDM grid 40, 80, 160 channels, possibilities for topologies, OAM, long range Wavelength Routing a wavelength based on G-MPLS or SDN control routing Sonet/SDH type of hierarchy extended to 100G and beyond Passive Optical Network using shared media, TDM uplink with DBA (Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment) algorithm Copper G. Fast supports 1 Gbit/s (DL+UL combined) for 50 m distance Wireless Link lengths of a few hundred meters, 10 Gbps (E-band) and more (D-band) Native IPv6 connectivity service, several improvements, coexistence with IPv4 by dual stack Native IPv4 connectivity service IP MPLS VPN IP VPN service specific to a customer, on a common MPLS/IP infrastructure E-VPN Ethernet VPN, Leverages IP MPLS VPN principles to Ethernet services E-Line MEF definition for point-to-point Ethernet service E-Tree MEF definition for point-to-multipoint Ethernet service E-LAN MEF definition for multipoint service MPLS/IP Key technology building block for multiple usages, MPLS data plane, IP control plane MPLS TE MPLS traffic engineering for path and capacity reservation, fast reroute, etc. MPLS FRR MPLS Fast reroute for 50 ms recovery on a back-up LSP Label Switched Path MPLS-TP MPLS Transport Profile for transport network behavior G-MPLS Generalized MPLS for routing of wavepath and other LSPs Native Native Ethernet bridging (IEEE802.1Q), Local area technology Ethernet TSN Time-Sensitive Networks, IEEE Task Group, support for deterministic behavior DetNet Deterministic Networks, IETF Working Group, support for deterministic behavior Segmen