rchitectures and next-generation networks that it merits some additional discussion. Broadband applications are being developed for virtually every sector of industry, business, and government, addressing the needs and desires of both businesses and consumers. One of the major sectors witnessing a constant stream of innovation due to broadband capabilities is the entertainment industry. Broadband introduces con- sumers to a range of new entertainment technologies, including high-definition video and TV over the Internet, CD-quality Internet radio, file sharing to enable exchanging of home videos and photographs, Web-based delivery of movies and large software, and sophisticated realistic online games. Already, broadband users are more likely than narrowband users to download music, listen to music online, watch video online, play games online, bank online, and trade stocks online. Education is another sector being revolutionized by broadband networks and multimedia applications. Broadband applied to education enables interactive mul- timedia learning, rich-media content delivery, online testing, sophisticated learning tools, wireless campuses, and location- and income-independent education. The result is that high-quality education can be brought to those in need, including those living in rural or remote locations, developing countries, and disadvantaged communities. Research labs are working on a number of projects that will provide transformative tools for learning and research in networked environments. Among the most significant emerging technologies are visualization, advanced collabora- tion tools, virtual reality, telemedicine, and teleimmersion. Some of the research into these technologies has been motivated by initiatives such as Internet 2 and the Next-Generation Internet (NGI) initiative, which are facilitating fast, high- performance computing. Broadband in health care has truly life-altering potential. The tremendous value of broadband in health care is enabling doctors to treat patients in the most