s: Generalized PTP (gPTP) Time-Sensitive Networking (formerly Audio Video Bridging) is a set of standards from the IEEE that deliver deterministic behavior (for example, by controlling latency) on an Ethernet network to support time-sensitive applications. Applications can include audio/video streaming, low-latency industrial sensors, and real-time process control. TSN encapsulates a set of standards to improve the deterministic nature of the packet network in the following categories: Time synchronization between the network elements (this profile) Scheduling and traffic shaping across the E2E path Path selection, reservation, and failover The time section of these standards is contained in IEEE 802.1AS-2020, which includes a profile called "IEEE 802.1AS PTP profile for transport of timing over full-duplex, point-to-point links." This profile defines the generalized PTP (gPTP) profile as a tightly defined subset of the complete set of options in the IEEE 1588-2008 PTP document. You can obtain the 2020 version of gPTP, as well as the previous (now revised) 2011 version, and the corrigenda from the https://standards.ieee.org website. From the introduction of IEEE 802.1AS-2000: This standard specifies the protocol and procedures used to ensure that the synchronization requirements are met for time-sensitive applications, such as audio and video, across bridged and virtual bridged local area networks consisting of LAN media where the trans- mission delays are fixed and symmetrical. This standard requires that any two time-aware systems separated by six or fewer time-aware sys- tems (meaning up to seven hops) will be synchronized to within 1 us (peak-to-peak) of each other during normal steady-state operation. Message rates are fixed with Announce and Pdelay_Req at 1 per second, while Sync is 8 per second. The domain number is fixed at 0 and the values of priority 1 are limited to only a few values (non-GM nodes are fixed at 255). The differences between the gPTP profile and IEEE 1588-2008 include the following point