, and the reconciliation and familiarity thereof, will be shared by both engineers and physicists, within the telecom community and hopefully far beyond. It is our deep conviction that such cross-border knowledge sharing is necessary to engage in this second revolution of quantum physics. Professor Vincent Berger Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7 February 29, 2008 Introduction In the world of telecoms, the term information conveys several levels of meaning. It may concern individual bits, bit sequences, blocks, frames, or packets. It may represent a message payload, or its overhead; the necessary extra information for the network nodes to transmit the message payload practically and safely from one end to another. In many successive stages, this information is encapsulated altogether to form larger blocks corresponding to higher-level network protocols, and the reverse all the way down to destination. From any telecom-scientist viewpoint, information represents this uninterrupted flow of bits, with network intelligence to process it. Once converted into characters or pixels, the remaining message bits become meaningful or valuable in terms of acquisition, learning, decision, motion, or entertainment. In such a larger network perspective, where information is well under control and delivered with the quality of service, what could be today's need for any information theory (IT)? In the telecom research community indeed, there seems to be little interest for infor- mation theory, as based on the valid perception that there is nothing new to worry about. While the occasional evocation of Shannon invariably raises passionate group discussions, the professional focus is about the exploitation of bandwidth and network deployment issues. The telecom scientist may, however, wonder about the potentials of quantum information and computing, and their impact. But not only does the field seem intractable to the nonspecialist, its applications are widely believed to belong to the far- distant future. Then what could be this c