elecommunications Standardization Sector (see ITU-T). In this book we refer to standards as CCITT Recommendations if they were ratified before 1994 and ITU-T Recommendations if they were adopted after 1994. Internet The Internet is a vast collection of computer networks throughout the world. Originally developed to serve the needs of the Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Internet has become a common vehicle for information exchange, commerce, and communications between individuals and businesses. Internet Corporation for ICANN, the successor to the Internet Assigned Assigned Names and Names Authority (IANA) is a not-for-profit Numbers organization with an international Board of Directors that oversees the operations of the necessary central coordinating functions of the Internet. Internet reflector site A multipoint technique used by Internet-based Glossary of Terms videoconferencing. A reflector is a server that bounces signals back to all parties of a multipoint connection, allowing any number of users to conference with each other. internetworking The ability of LANs to interconnect and exchange information. Bridges and routers are the devices that connect these LANs with each other, with WANs, and with MANs. Users can, therefore, exchange messages, access files on hosts other than those on their own LAN, and access and utilize various inter-LAN applications. interoperability The ability of electronic components produced by different manufacturers to communicate across product lines. The trend toward embracing standards has greatly furthered the interoperability process. interpolation A compression technique with which a current frame of video is reconstructed using the differences between it and past and future frames. intra-LATA A connection that does not cross over a LATA boundary, and that regulated LECs are allowed to carry on an end-to-end basis. Recently passed legislation may make this term obsolete. intraframe coding A compression technique whereby redundancies within a vi