ons technologies during the 2000s which were primarily focusing on broadband. 12.10.2.2 Disruptive Technologies Disruptive technologies are scientific discoveries that break through the usual product or technology capabilities and provide a basis for a new competitive paradigm. These present a unique challenge and opportunity for R&D organizations seeking to decide on their R&D investments and form manufacturing organizations devising plans for their commercialization efforts and meeting the challenge to reinvent the corporation. These technologies do not have a proven path from scientific discovery to mass production and, therefore, require novel approaches although they are the wellspring of wealth creation and new competency generation for the firms that introduce such innovations [32]. Many firms, especially the larger ones, seem reluctant to familiarize themselves with these technologies quickly. The trend seems to be that these firms prefer to react to a proven disruptive technology that has changed the product market paradigm. On the contrary, smaller firms, like many startups, are willing to use external research sources (Venture Capital, Governments, etc.) to build their capabilities further hoping for a major shift to their products in the near future, bringing with it new markets and new customers. Firms trying to commercialize disruptive technologies are less interested in buyers and market growth since they know that their markets are somewhat farther than their counterpart. At the same time they are always on the horizon looking for potential customers. For example, a number of vendors have been working on a disruptive service platform called IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) since the early 2000s, but it has as such not seen the light of day. The key reasons in its unacceptability are unavailability of IMS capable handsets, real-time QoS over wireless networks, session and service continuity among multiple access technologies, and lack of innovative applications. To ease mobile operators' reluctance an