 Full duplex Half-duplex (opt) UE receive bandwidth (MHz) Maximum UE transmit power (dBm) LTE-Advanced Evolution in Releases 12-13 Table 3.2 Cost-saving potential with different complexity reduction approaches over Release 8 LTE Technique Approximate saving (%) Single receiver antenna 14-18 Reduced maximum UE power Half-duplex FDD Reduced maximum UE bandwidth Peak rate reduction The 3GPP estimated the reductions achievable for different parts being as shown in Table 3.2 and presented in more details in [1]. The 3GPP has also specified Power Saving Mode (PSM) as part of Release 12. The PSM allows the UE stay registered with the network while sleeping longer periods of time. This then allows reducing the signalling when the UE is waking up and thus reduced duration of the needed on-time and thus reduced battery consumption, this is illustrated in Figure 3.1. If there is UE with mobility, then there could be need for Tracking Area Update (TAU) once reconnection to the network but still the amount of signalling is significantly reduced compared to the full registration procedure. This approach reduces the impact of the radio technology in use for the battery life of the device, especially for applications where there is constant need to transmit information to the network or neither need to be always available to respond to paging from network side or the relevant server controlling the M2M application. A metering device can then limit the needed set-up time and focus sending only the latest meter reading and quickly turn off the radio parts once the network has acknowledged the reception of the message. With the range-limited case, where all signalling is necessary with the maximum transmit power level or very the close to that, the improvement to the battery life can be quite significant. The further work in 3GPP [2] for Release 13 is on-going to specify further reduced and cost optimized capability UE classes to enable even lower price point for LTE M2M modem implementation. Such a new class maintains 1 Mbps as th