mobile phone for every user. There are predictions that by 2020 there might be 100 computing devices per person. Most people will have a wireless device as a last link. With a world population of 10 billion and an assumed penetra- tion of 40 per cent, this will imply that future generation mobile networks will have to accommodate, in total, 400 billion wireless devices of all shapes and sizes. Consequently, somewhere after 2010, there will be no shortage of computers and radio links to create 'ad-hoc' networks. The opposite of human-generated traffic would be M2M (data) traffic. This is considered to be an end user that changes lives. See Figure 2.16. However, the business impact for operators will not be significant during the next few years. Even M2M is normally in one way or another human related and might embrace product to product, product to human, and human to product. Robust industrial applications come first, such as remote monitoring of elevators and remote supervision of train boogie Exploration Lasting Instant benefits gratification Stability Figure 2.15 The 'dial' used in this section Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business What will the world look like when each person has >100 computers? - Online, position-dependent Internet connectivity in your car - A coffee pot that knows when you are home Mail on your watch Figure 2.16 The new types of users systems. Later on home services are foreseen, such as remote electricity meter readings, alarm systems and remotely controlled heating. Cheap, small, discrete processors are key enablers. They already exist in cars, stereos, videos, washing machines and clock radios, SO far not connected. In the car there is a lot of sensors connected to processors. The total possible market of remote performance management and fault management is waiting. Let us therefore look a little closer into M2M. In many cases systems communicate without manual involvement unless errors occur that require manual intervention. In other cases 