m Information Block Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio Session Initiation Protocol Single Input Single Output Symbol Level Interference Cancellation Short Message Service Signal-to-Noise Ratio Self-Organizing Network Semi Persistent Scheduling List of Abbrivitions xxiii Scheduling Request Signalling Radio Bearer Sounding Reference Signals SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity Single User Super Wideband Timing Advance Tracking Area Update Transport Block Size Test Case Total Cost of Ownership Transmission Control Protocol Time Division Duplex TD-LTE Time Division Long-Term Evolution TETRA Terrestrial Trunked Radio Transmission Mode Transmission Power Control Transmission Time Interval Time to Trigger Transmission Uplink Control Information Ultra Dense Network User Datagram Protocol User Equipment Uninterruptible Power Supply Universal Serial Bus Universal Subscriber Identity Module Universal Terrestrial Radio Access UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Voice Activity Detection Very High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line VoLTE Voice over LTE Vehicle to Infrastructure Vehicle to Vehicle Wideband WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wavelength Division Multiplexing Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity Wireless Local Area Network X2 Application Protocol Introduction Harri Holma Introduction LTE Global Deployments and Devices Mobile Data Traffic Growth LTE Technology Evolution LTE Spectrum Small Cell Deployments Network Optimization LTE Evolution Beyond Release 13 Summary References 1.1 Introduction Mobile broadband technology has experienced an incredibly fast evolution during the last 10 years. The first High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) network was launched 2005 enabling the high-speed mobile broadband and the first iPhone was launched 2007 creating the massive need for the mobile broadband. The data rates have increased more than 100-fold and the data volumes by more than 1000-fold during the last 10 years. The HSDPA started with 3.6 Mbps while the latest Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced netw