ime. Another important need of the operator was to reduce the operating cost and spending on OSS. To meet the needs of the key players, the OSS expected to offer rapid service deployment, customer self-care strategies, flexible real-time billing models and sup- port for the multiservice, multitechnology, multivendor environment. The business Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS models and systems available were not able to scale up to these new requirements. The suggested solution was to change the approach toward management solution development in a way that will ensure that OSS solutions can: Adopt changing business models and technologies. Reduce CAPEX and OPEX on OSS/BSS. Integrate well with existing legacy systems. Offer integrated billing. Can function as off the shelf components. Offer flexibility, interoperability, and reusability. NGOSS, driven and managed by TeleManagement Forum, is the new approach that meets these challenges using a set of well-defined methodologies and practices. Key elements of this approach include a business model, system integration archi- tecture, information model, and an application map. This chapter first outlines NGOSS concepts, the life cycle showing a holistic telecom view, NGOSS adop- tion methodology, and the NGOSS key focus areas. The TMF offers a collabora- tive environment where service provider's work closely to solve their business and technical issues using NGOSS principles. Wide spread adoption of NGOSS has led to significant reduction in operation expenditure and reduced integration cost. NGOSS offers an integrated framework that looks into capturing needs, designing, implementing and deploying operational and business support systems. 21.2 NGOSS Overview The service providers following legacy OSS process and solutions are having considerably high operational costs. The lack of automated flow-through process has resulted in higher manpower costs. Time to market is significantly high in these industries due to rigid and inflexible business processes. Legacy system