ection, we will analyze NR waveform, numerology, and frame structure. We will first talk about scalable numerology, slot duration, and how they help to multiplex different numerologies. Then, we will talk about different NR scheduling schemes and related use cases. Waveform NR employs OFDM for downlink and uplink transmissions. These are the very same waveforms that were used in LTE. Af @ 3dB Figure 4.12 - A visualization of an OFDM waveform Waveform, numerology, and frame structure In the preceding figure, the visualization of an OFDM waveform is presented. It has a symmetric design, and the same waveform is used in downlink and uplink transmissions. Besides supporting MIMO in downlink and uplink transmissions, it also supports flexible numerology. Within a given numerology, all other subcarriers are zero at sampling points. OFDM is a proven technology, and it has several benefits: Frequency diversity It's robust against Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) Easy to implement A flexible bandwidth Suitable for MIMO However, there are also some drawbacks to it. For instance, it is sensitive to doppler shifts and frequency errors. We also see a high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). NR uses OFDM with a cyclic prefix or a CP-OFDM waveform in the downlink. In the uplink, it uses both CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM. DFT-s-OFDM is also referred to as transform precoding in 3GPP. CP-OFDM in the uplink is intended for high throughput on MIMO scenarios, while DFT-s-OFDM is better for power-limited scenarios due to its power efficiency. Both waveforms will be used in an orthogonal multiple-access framework. Transform precoding is controlled by the network. So, for the uplink, the selection between CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM is done by the network. DFT-s-OFDM is generally used to reduce PAPR and to improve coverage in uplink coverage-limited scenarios. The maximum number of carriers used in NR is 3,300. This requires Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) sizes to go up to 4K, depending on the system bandwidth. The maximum FFT size used for LTE was 