A recent PLT development is the use of microwave frequencies that employ new propagation mechanisms that permit much higher-speed transmission using a single powerline conductor. The experimental work thus far indicates that there is potential for over 1Gbps in each direction, supporting symmetric and full-duplex communication. Trials have also demonstrated that analog TV along with multiple Wi-Fi channels can operate simultaneously in the 2.4GHz and 5.3GHz unlicensed bands over medium-voltage lines. The Future of PLT As with any other technology, there are weaknesses associated with PLT. It is esti- mated that more than 80 PLT initiatives in more than 40 countries have been launched, worldwide, by electric utilities. Pilot sites, technological or commercial trials, and deployments are numerous in Europe. The largest technology dilemma hinges on finding a reliable way to send data on powerlines without causing inter- ference for either data or electrical signals. There are also issues with the number users PLT can reach and the distance over which it can travel while still providing good-quality data and voice transmission. Powerline solutions, like phone line solutions, are unintentional radiators. Emissions can potentially cause interference with radio, television, cable TV, tele- phone, and DSL services. There can also be disruption of the data signals due to noise interference produced by the electronic equipment already on the power- lines, not to mention signal loss over longer distances. In discussing broadband over powerline, there has been for some discussion about the extent to which this technology creates radio frequency interference (RFI). For many, this concern irrelevant, but for those who work with sensitive instrumentation, it is a legitimate Broadband PLT problem. Most of this RFI can be traced to high-voltage powerline solutions, but Motorola has recently produced a low-voltage solution, called Powerline LV, that the company claims eliminates RFI. From a market perspective, WLAN alterna- tives 