, Chapter 5 provided business and regulation aspects for mobile ultra-broadband. 10 Conclusions Both fixed and mobile networks are deployed to carry services and user data to and from end-users (human users and machines or things). Chapter 6 offered the QoS vision for services provided over ultra-broadband fixed and mobile networks. Such services include real-time ones, with QoS guarantees end-to-end, such as QoS-enabled VoIP services, including VoIP over LTE networks (and over 5G mobile networks) as well as QoS-enabled IPTV (e.g. multicast of linear TV with E-MBMS (enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast services) and beyond) and unicast video streaming services. The chapter 6 considered QoS Internet access services, which directly impact OTT services, also called data services (by telecom operators and regulators), which include standard- ized services/applications such as the Web, email, etc., as well as proprietary OTT ser- vices/applications such as YouTube, Skype, Viber, Facebook, Twitter, BitTorrent, cloud services, and many others in different application ecosystems. This chapter included QoS for IoT services, including massive IoT (provided over public Internet access) and critical IoT (provided over managed IP networks with ultra-reliable low-latency com- munications), as well as cloud computing services (OTT and telco cloud services) with their QoS requirements and metrics. Finally, Chapter 6 covered business and regulatory challenges for services over ultra-broadband. The next chapter outlined QoS parameters, key performance indicators and mea- surement approaches for different services. It first discussed QoS, QoE, and applica- tion needs, and also defined generic and service specific QoS parameters. End-to-end QoS provisioning is directly dependent upon the interconnection and mapping the QoS parameters from one telecom operator to another one. However, only a subset of many defined QoS parameters is important to end-users, and hence to operators and reg- ulators, and such selected QoS parameters ar