alizing of, lv WANs using, 201 Internet challenges, 289-290 ATM PONs (APONs), 527-528 Internet corporate, 149-150 Index Internet growth rate and, 246, 248 radio spectrum and, 551-553 Interplanetary Internet, 304 trends in, 386-387 IP-based network, 85, 96, 350 WDM increasing, 459 IP VPNs, 352, 362, 364-365 wideband, 15-16 IPv4 multicast (mbone), 271 wireless, 560 IS-IS, 260-261 Bandwidth-on-demand ISP network architecture, 266-267 in Frame Relay network, 222, 225 LAN transmission media, 176-177 next-generation requirements, 410 NSP, 293 Barker Code, 571 OSPF, 260-262 Base station controller (BSC), 586-587, 699 PDH, 114 Base transceiver station (BTS), 582, 699 PSTN, 104, 107, 112, 138 Baseband LANs, 178 research, 291-292 Basic Rate Access (BRA), 47-48, 213 satellite, 71 Basic service set (BSS), 645 SDH/SONET, 127, 212 Batch processing, 92-93 switched LAN for, 189-190, 199 Baud rate, 156 T-, E-, or J-carrier, 190, 206-211 Beaconing, 182, 642 three-tiered architecture, 427 Bearer platform, IPT, 318-319 traffic trends, 385-386 BECN (backward explicit congestion notification), virtual router VPNs, 367-369 223-224 VPLS, 372 Bell Labs, 73 VPWS VPNs, 371 Berners-Lee, Tim, 306 Backward explicit congestion notification (BECN), Beyond 3G, 580-581, 611-612 223-224 BFWA (broadband fixed wireless access), 619-621 Bacterial protein memory, xxxii BGCF (border gateway control function), 424 Bacteriorhodopson (BR), xxxii BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 258, 262-264, Ballet Mécanique (Antheil), 569 Bandwidth BGP MPLS VPNs (RFC 2547), 365-367, 369 broadband, 17-18 Big LEOs, 70 coax cable and, 54 Binary digits, 19-20 data communications traffic and, 150-152 Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK), 561-562 data rates of, xxxiii Binary Runtime for Wireless (BREW), 705 defined, 15 Biometrics, xlvi digital transmission VS. analog, 21 efficiency, 560 in coding schemes, 161-162 electromagnetic spectrum and, 12-15 defined, 156 expansion factor, 571 Bits per second (bps), 44 in fiber optics, 17, 79 Blocking, 398 Internet growth rate in, 289 Blocks, 