e Next-Generation Network Parlay/Parlay X/ Distribution plane Service exposure platform Parlay/ Parlay Service Content execution delivery platform platform Parlay/Parlay X/JAIN/ OMA/IMS Network abstraction Media platform services services Protocols Converged networks Figure 2.2 Popular SDP Architecture. services. Telco services make use of network, content, and management services. We treat these telco applications as a set of service enablers since they expose interfaces to other platforms. Service Exposure Platform houses service enablers that provide external entities with simplified access to all platforms' services enablers. In the figure, we show service enabler interfaces being offered by the respective platforms. These interfaces are mapped to Application Programming Interfaces (API) standards. For example, Parlay, Parlay X [11], and OMA [12]. APIs imple- ment the interfaces offered by the service exposure platform. However, Parlay APIs also implement the interfaces offered by the network abstraction platform, service execution platform, and content delivery platform. JAIN [13] APIs also implement the service execution platform interfaces. For the interfaces offered by the network abstraction platform, API standards such as Parlay, Parlay X, JAIN, and OMA are used. Apart from standard-based APIs, IMS and its related protocols can be used but to implement the capabilities in the network abstraction platform that interact with the lower converged networks and higher platforms. In Figure 2.2, nonstandard-based APIs are depicted as an X. This illustrates the lack of standards-based APIs used to integrate capabilities, such as OSS/BSS func- tions, into an SDP. Service Delivery Platforms 2.3.1 Limitations The SDP architecture in [2] generalizes various products, such as [14-16], and is influenced by their specific requirements and technologies. These solutions focus on varying SDP requirements, such as OSS/BSS integration, content delivery, and external partner management. As a result, the current SDP architect