 demand demographics, 440 line signals, 111 eye hazards, 433 link limitations, 97 financial issues, 435 multimode, 92 flying object obstruction, 432 NAs, 78 hub-and-spoke, 426 noise, 104 implementations, 438 noncoherent transmission, 106 jitter, 432 nonlinearities, 105 meshed topology, 427 PMD, 103-104 network elements, 428 receivers, 115 revenue forecasts, 437 refraction, 74 ring architecture, 427 signal degradation, 82 scintillation, 431 single mode, 92 strengths and weaknesses, 439 SONET, 157 transceivers, 429-430 specifications, 93 vendors, 434-435 splicing, 96 weather attenuation, 431 step index, 76 FT3C, 273 transmitters, 109-111 FTTC (Fiber to the Curb), 13 tunable lasers, 112-113 FTTH (Fiber to the Home), 13 ZDP, 99-102 filters, CWDM, 323 financial issues FSO, 435 GbE (Gigabit Ethernet), 3 next-gen SONET, 236-238 Generalized labels, GMPLS, 384-387 flying object obstruction, FSO, 432 GMPLS (Generalized MPLS), 17, 141, 382 folded rings, SONET, 195 addressing, 417-418 forward net income metrics, 54 asymmetric bidirectional LSPs, 407 forward path confirmation, GMPLS, 406 authentication, 414 FOTS (Fiber-Optic Transmission Systems), bandwidth allocation, 385 WWDM, 282 bidirectionality, 404 four fiber BLSRs, SONET, 209 control channels, 409 Index data interfaces, 392 standards issues, 393 egress label control, 390 State Removed flag, 402 explicit label control, 389 Suggested Labels, 395-396 extending routing calculation, 391 switch programming latency, 394 faults terminator node delay, 406 detection, 413 time slot labels, 385 handling, 399 traffic engineering links, 410 forward path confirmation, 406 UNI services, 416 generalized labels, 384-387 god boxes, IONs, 354 IONs, 364 goodness of fit, 364 labels graded index fiberoptics, 76 choice constraints, 387 grow-as-you-go infrastructure, DWDM, 276 sets, 388 upstream, 404 waveband, 385 wavelength, 385 hardware costs, 325 whole fiber, 385 high-end systems, DWDM, 291 Link Summary messages, 411 HSGGs (hybrid sol-gel glasses), 266 link verification, 411 hub-and-spoke, 