, navigation Modal split in favour Where transport improves systems, emergency of rail results in net accessibility, new services. increase in use settlements will increase May stimulate demand of electricity demand for water services. for video conferences. (consequences In emergencies, drinking Provides telecoms for sustainability water can be transported with right of way to lay objectives). to disaster-affected communications cable. locations. Water Extension of water Extension of water Waterways as alternative to road infrastructure to new infrastructure to new and rail. locations and new locations and new Poor water infrastructure poses housing engenders housing engenders risks to road and rail increased demand for increased demand infrastructures though flooding, telecommunications. for electricity services. pipe breakages, etc. Use of waste for energy Cost factor where road generation. construction crosses drainage/ Required to cool nuclear water pipes. power plants. INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 - © OECD 2006 1. A CROSS-SECTORAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURES TO 2030 intra-industry and intra-firm trade expands. Large conglomerates-international - as well as national - are emerging in the domains of highway and rail construction, power generation and distribution, and water supplies. The upshot is that in the next decades the role of infrastructures in underpinning the international economy is set to grow further. This will inevitably turn the spotlight onto the importance of transnational networks and of communications and power links that secure the gateways to global markets. Equally, it will raise all kinds of issues around the need to balance international objectives (e.g. the expansion of ports, airports and cross-border transmission lines) with national and local interests, the protection of citizens' rights and SO on, as well as underlining the need for well-functioning frameworks for international competition.