blished for the rest over (1 - a) T time. (1 - a)T time is further divided into two (1-a)T equal halves for a dual-hop communication. S broadcasts the information signal to both R and D, simultaneously, in the first (1-a) T time, whereas in the other (1-a)T time, R broadcast S information signal to the D by utilizing the energy harvested in EH phase. The amount of energy harvested relies on the a value which is allocated to harvest the energy. There is a trade-off between the amount of the throughput achieved and energy harvested. Signal received at R and D is given as (6.5) (6.6) respectively, where Ps is the transmit power at the S and nsr and nSD are the AWGN vectors corresponding to the respective SR and SD links. It is assumed that E{x2} = 1 [29, 30]. Energy harvested at the R during EH phase is given as [11], 0 < n < 1 (6.7) 6 Energy Harvested Device-to-Device MIMO Systems for Beyond 5G where n is the energy conversion efficiency which is defined by the energy harvest- ing circuitry and the rectification process [11]. R amplifies the signal received from S to transmit to D through the kth transmit antenna at R with a gain G and is given as [13,31,32] (6.8) (6.9) where PR is the transmit power obtained from the energy harvested phase at the R. At D, signal received is given as (6.10) where nRD is the AWGN vector corresponding to the RD link. At D, maximum ratio combiner (MRC)-based optimal receiver filter in the MMSE sense is used to combine the signals received in both the hops[32]. At D, the e2e SNR is given as (6.11) (6.12) (i,j) (6.13) where = = power and noise variancesisapproximated as as [28] (6.14) where SLSR = SLRD = , asse = SD = = = ACO and APQ are the instantaneous and average SNRs of PQ link, respectively. P. Shaik and V. Bhatia 6.3.2 System Performance Metrics 6.3.2.1 Outage Probability A system is said to be in outage when the desired rate of transmission is greater than the maximum possible error-free rate of transmission [33, 34]. Rate of transmission quantifies the threshold. For a rate, Rt