time division duplex time division multiplexing tunnel endpoint identifier traffic flow template transaction identifier temporary identity used in next update transparent mode transport network layer transport network layer association transmit power control transmitted precoding matrix indicator transport channel total radiated power traffic steering policy transmission time interval transmitter uplink control information unified data management user datagram protocol unified data repository unstructured data storage function user equipment unwanted emissions mask uplink UL TFT uplink traffic flow template ULR-Flags update location request flags UL-SCH uplink shared channel unacknowledged mode user plane function UpPTS uplink pilot time slot URLLC ultra-reliable and low latency communications List of Abbreviations URRP-AMF UE reachability request parameter for AMF UE route selection policy vehicle-to-everything virtual local area network voice over internet protocol virtual resource block X2-control plane X2-user plane Xn application protocol Xn-control plane Xn-user plane Zadoff-Chu zero correlation zone zero forcing (receiver) ZP CSI-RS zero power CSI-RS Introduction and Background 1 Introduction to 5G The tremendous growth in the number and variety of connected devices and the substantial increase in user/network traffic volume and types as well as the performance limitations of 4G technologies have motivated industry efforts and investments toward defining, develop- ing, and deploying systems for the fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks. The 5th gener- ation of mobile broadband wireless networks have been designed to meet the challenging system and service requirements of the existing and the emerging applications in 2020 and beyond. 5G is a fast, secure, and reliable connected ecosystem comprising humans and machines, which enables seamless mobility, efficient connectivity, increased connection density, increased industrial productivity, automation, and sustainability. The future con- nected societies a