luding three-dimensional radiation pattern integra- tion in fully anechoic chambers, spherical near-field methods, a random positioner system, and reverberation chambers. The results from the measurement campaign show that the reverberation chamber gives accurate and repeatable results for pas- sive antenna parameters as well as active terminal parameters such as total radiated power and total isotropic sensitivity. Results can be found in the journal article by © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Long Term Evolution: GPP LTE Radio and Cellular Technology Carlsson [44], the conference articles [45-48], and the final ACE report, which can be found via the ACE website [43]. 12.3 Calibration of the Reverberation Chamber The main parameter to calibrate in a reverberation chamber is the average power transmission over a complete stirrer sequence. This will be determined by the amount of loss present in the chamber cavity (as described in the preceding sec- tions), SO it is of great importance to keep the same power-absorbing objects in the chamber during the calibration measurement as when the measurement of the actual test unit is performed. For the calibration measurement, a reference antenna with known radiation efficiency must be used. Dipole antennas are convenient for this because of their predictable efficiency and low gain. For broadband measurements, antennas with higher bandwidth are preferred. An example of a broadband antenna suitable for use as a reference antenna in reverberation chamber measurements is the discone antenna. The reference antenna is preferably mounted on a low-loss dielectric stand to avoid reduction of the radiation efficiency of the reference antenna. The reference antenna must also be placed in the chamber in such a way that it is far enough from any walls, mode stirrers, chamber loading, or other object SO that the environment for the reference antenna, taken over the complete stirring sequence, resembles a free space environment. For low-gain antennas, like dipoles, the free space 