related problems to contribute to regional tensions, such as in the Middle East (surface water resources) and Palestine (groundwater). Like Bohlin et al., Ashley and Cashman see a decline of the nation-state as it is hollowed out upwards to the benefit of supranational organisations and downwards through devolution. Security Infrastructures need to be as resilient as possible so that when disruptions occur, their consequences are as limited as possible in time and scope. In recent years, concerns about infrastructure security have grown. Societies' dependence on infrastructure services has increased, and the consequences of major disruptions can be very serious indeed. Moreover, the scope for disruption has increased, as critical infrastructures become more closely interlinked and the activities of organised crime and terrorist groups take on a wider international dimension. All the authors recognise the importance of security considerations. Bohlin et al. note that security concerns will be a significant driver of telecom infrastructure development. Moreover, they point out that the Internet will become a prime target of economic threat, forcing the development of a security architecture that assures not only that operations are secure, but also that the privacy of the individual is respected. In the IEA chapter, Morgan stresses as well the importance of security considerations and the need for investment in upgrading and improving system operating tools that would enhance operators' capacity to effectively monitor, understand and more flexibly control transmission systems in real time. The chapter also notes that there is enormous potential for developing and deploying appropriate technologies for this purpose as well as for improving the quality of service. According to Stambrook, safety and security considerations are also important for land transport. They are not considered a particularly new problem as far as road transport is concerned, since such considerations are already built into the estimates. The a