GHz during 2018. Europe and China will use band n258, covering 24.25-27.5 GHz (Figure 4.5). 24.2529.5 92 95 Licensed E-band 5+5 GHz W-band License-free 7 GHz Licensed and shared Figure 4.4 Main spectrum blocks above 20 GHz bands. 27.5 28.35 GHz Figure 4.5 26/28 GHz bands in 3GPP. 26.5 GHz 29.5 MHz Band n257 24.25 GHz 27.5 GHz Band n258 4.2 Millimeter Wave Spectrum Above 20 GHz The 60 GHz band is currently provisioned for unlicensed operation. This band has a large amount of oxygen absorption, but it does not significantly impact communications in the small cells. The 60 GHz unlicensed band could be one option for local 5G networks without spectrum license. 70 and 80 GHz bands operate under a lightly licensed paradigm, and this band can be aggregated up to a total of 2x5 GHz. Rain attenuation can be severe with longer distances, but will not be a problem for small distances such as less than 100-200 m. Any system operating in the 70 and 80 GHz bands must coexist with fixed satellite ser- vice, automotive radar (77-81 GHz), and radio astronomy. The 70 and 90 GHz bands are commonly used for microwave backhauling. No 5G usage is planned for these bands in the short term. The 90 GHz band is provisioned for unlicensed operation but only for indoor applica- tions. This band can also be used for outdoor point-to-point license-light operation. The spectrum characteristics below 6 GHz bands are well known based on the existing LTE deployments, while there are new learnings required for millimeter wave. Table 4.1 illustrates the main differences between low bands and millimeter wave. The low-band deployments are relatively narrowband, and the total spectrum in downlink in gen- eral has a maximum of 100-200 MHz, while the millimeter wave cases can have up to 1-2 GHz of spectrum. The cell sizes at low bands can be large: more than 1 km in urban areas, and more than 10 km in rural areas. The cell size at millimeter wave is typically 100 m, or a few hundreds of meters in the open area. Low bands tend to be interference and band