ation timer (PDCCH monitoring occasions) (PDCCH monitoring occasions) (PDCCH monitoring occasions) (PDCCH monitoring occasions) (PDCCH monitoring occasions) Inactivity timer expiry Short DRX Short DRX Long DRX or MAC control cycle cycle Short DRX cycle element reception cycle expiry Condition 1 satisfied Condition 2 satisfied Figure 2.25 Illustration of DRX mechanism 258 Chapter 2 Frequency selection detection Registration Bootup Call establish app loading Connected- RRC_IDLE state mode DRX transmission transmission UE-originated call/data transmission CONNECTED state Power Long DRX cycles Short DRX cycles Figure 2.26 Example UE power consumption when transitioning through various RRC states [20]. drx-RetransmissionTimerUL (per-UL HARQ process): The maximum duration until a grant for uplink retransmission is received. drx-LongCycleStartOffset: The long DRX cycle and drx-StartOffset which define the subframe where the long and short DRX cycle starts. drx-ShortCycle (optional): The short DRX cycle. drx-ShortCycleTimer (optional): The duration in which the UE follows the short DRX cycle. drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL (per-DL HARQ process except for the broadcast process): The minimum duration before a downlink assignment for HARQ retransmission is expected by the MAC entity. drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerUL (per-UL HARQ process): The minimum duration before an uplink HARQ retransmission grant is expected by the MAC entity. 2.5 Mobility Management, Handover, and UE Measurements The NR performs load balancing through handover and redirection mechanisms upon RRC release and through use of inter-frequency and inter-RAT absolute priorities as well as inter-frequency Qoffset parameters (see Section 2.5.2). The measurements per- formed by a UE for connected mode mobility are classified into three types, namely, intra-frequency NR, inter-frequency NR, and inter-RAT measurements for LTE. For each measurement type, one or several measurement objects can be defined (a measure- ment object defines the carrier frequency to be monitored). For each me