ecision variables or the antenna geometrical parameters that form the best design found. In order to show the advantage of using a partial ground, we compare the results with the same design but using a full ground. Initially, we illustrate the 3D radiation patterns for both designs at 300 GHz in 10 THz Antenna Design Using SSA for 6G 3D Polar Plot 300GHz 10normalize(GainTotal) 30.00 -2.50 Theta (deg) 30.00 -5.00 60.00 -7.50 240.00 -10.00 60.00 90000 -12.50 120.00 -15.00 300.00 90.00 dB10normalize(GainTotal) -17.50 120.00 330.00 60.00 6.00PM (deg) 30.00 120.00 150.00 Fig. 10.4 Partial ground case: 3D gain pattern of the best design found by SSA at 300 GHz Figs. 10.4 and 10.5. The initial observation shows that in both cases, the radiation pattern is quite near to omni-directional. Additionally, we compare the surface current distribution for both ground cases at 300 GHz in Figs. 10.6 and 10.7. The figures illustrate the surface current distribution for the patch and the ground. We notice that in both cases, the current values present a higher value in the area near the shorting bar and in a small area near the feed line. Moreover, the surface current values of the patch in the full ground case are generally higher than in the partial ground case. This can be expected because in the partial ground case, there is more radiation loss and the antenna quality factor is reduced. This is shown also in the surface current distribution of the partial ground where the higher current values are not only around the patch as in full ground but also near the ground edge. Figures 10.8, 10.9 and 10.10 show radiation patterns for the partial ground case at 300 GHz for three distinct plane cuts. The corresponding radiation patterns for the same plane cuts of the full ground cases are illustrated in Figs. 10.11, 10.12 and 10.13. We notice that the radiation patterns for the full ground case are close to being uniform in space. Additionally, the radiation patterns of the partial ground case are more directive than the full ground ca