/PGW or a separate function. Source Destination Protocol 34 0.002056 2001:1bc8:101:f192:ba27:ebff:fecc:a78e 2001:1bc8:101:f190:200:5e00:3213:628f ICMPv6 Echo (ping) request id=0x0a3f seq=1 35 0.145955 2001:1bc8:101:f190:200:5e00:3213:628f 2001:1bc8:101:f192:ba27:ebff:fecc:a78e ICMPv6 Echo (ping) reply id=0x0a3f seq=1 88 007468 TOPP6 Echo iping request 1d=0x0a41 seal 89 0.126968 2001:4830:120:1::2 2001:1bc8:101:f192:ba27:ebff:fecc:a78e ICMPv6 Echo (ping) reply id=0x0a41. seq=1 120 0.006888 2001:1bc8:101:f192:ba27:ebff:fecc:a78e 2001:1bc8:101:f190:200:5e00:5c7a:5b50 ICMPv6 Echo (ping) request id=0x0a42 seq=1 121 0.051375 2001:1bc8:101:f190:200:5e00:5c7a:5b50 2001:1bc8:101:f192:ba27:ebff:fecc:a78e ICMPv6 Echo (ping) reply id-0x0a42. seq-1 153 0.005606 2001:1bc8:101:f192:ba27:ebff:fecc:a78e 2001:1bc8:101:f190:200:5e00:5b79:4527 ICMPv6 Echo (ping) request id=0x0a49 sequl 154 0.059112 2001:1bc8:101:f190:200:5e00:5b79:4527 1001:1bc8:101:f192:ba27:ebff:fecc:a78e ICMPv6 Echo (ping) reply id-0x0a49 seq=1 D Frame 88: 118 bytes on wire (944 bits). 118 bytes captured (944 bits) D Ethernet II, Src: Raspberr_cc:a7:8e (b8:27:eb:cc:a7:8e). Dst: Routerbo_f7:ea:43 (00:0c:42:f7:ea:43) Internet Protocol Version Dst: 2001:4830:120:1::2 Internet Control Message Protocol v6 Type: Echo (ping) request (128) Code: 0 Checksum: 0x01a7 [correct] 0000 00 Oc 42 f7 ea 43 b8 27 eb cc a7 8e 86 dd 60 00 0010 00 00 00 40 3a 40 20 01 1b c8 01 01 fl 92 ba 27 234567 File: "/Volumes/work/resear 3 Packets: 182 Displayed: 8 Marked: 0 Ignored: 80 Load time: 0:.. Profile: Default Figure 5.5 An IPv6-only host ping6ing some infamous websites. node, easier means to combine Access Point Names (APNs) or session profile configura- tion with translation, and the rest of the functions that the PGW does to the user plane traffic (DPI, policy control, differentiated charging, layer-7 filtering, to name but a few). Figures 5.5 and 5.6 show a short captured packet trace where a client in an IPv6-only network pings a few IPv4-only web servers in the Internet. Depending 