red to smartphones-make tablet computers true multimedia devices. Improve- ments in home and enterprise wireless LANs as well as higher capacities on mobile networks facilitate the use of tablet computers as multimedia devices. Mobile and Wi-Fi Networks APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES Applications on mobile devices attract customers, generate revenue, and are a tool for retaining customers. Applications on Smartphones and Tablet Computers Applications for mobile devices, or apps as they are commonly known, are small soft- ware programs developed to be used outside of browsers. Users start an app by tapping its icon with their finger. Apps are developed to accomplish specific, narrowly defined functions. Popular categories include games, comparison shopping, video and music (Pandora radio), and useful applications such as weather information and cooking. There are also a growing number of applications for enterprise productivity. Pro- ductivity apps for vertical markets target industries such as insurance, delivery, equip- ment sales, and healthcare. Applications include those for managing mobile employees, providing salespeople with data, references that enable doctors with smartphones to look up drug interactions, and others that enable doctors to access patient lab results. Most apps operate only on particular models of phones and operating systems. Verizon and Apple have App Stores that offer apps specific to the devices they support. Verizon's is for its Android and RIM handsets. Apple and Verizon screen all of the apps for their devices and select those that fit their criteria. Their model is considered a "closed garden" because of their restrictions to only applications they approve. Apple operates its App Store independently of AT&T. It does not currently share revenue from mobile apps with AT&T. Both Apple and Verizon share revenue from applica- tions with app developers: 30 percent for Apple and Verizon, and 70 percent for devel- opers. Verizon bills customers directly for apps that they download. In addition 