 piece of knowledge concerning facts, data, descriptions, characterizations, rules, or means to perform tasks, which can be transmitted, exchanged, or acquired in many ways. Such information can be transmitted through sounds, images, signals, notices, messages, announcements, voice, mails, memos, documents, books, encyclopedias, tutorials, chapters, training, and news media. There exist a seemingly boundless number of possible channels for information. According to the above description, information has no intrinsic meaning in itself. The notion of meaningfulness is tangible only to the person or the entity to which the information is destined. For instance, long-band radio stations or foreign newspapers are meaningful only to those who speak the tongue. Within such channels, information makes sense only to the populations who have an interest in the acquisition or the use of the corresponding information. What one usually calls intelligence is the faculty to relate together separate pieces of information, 1 to make sense of them in a specific context or with respect to a higher level of information knowledge. One may refer to intelligence as the means coherently to integrate information into a vital, self-preserving, or self-evolving way. Another (but somewhat very specific) definition of intelligence is the systematic collection of information on target subjects by states, agencies, or private consultants. This activity is made in the purpose of gaining some strategic or economic advantage, of gaining a higher perspective on a business, a market, a competitor, or a country. The goal is to acquire or to maintain a competitive edge, for reasons of security and superior decision-making. The collected information can also represent a product for sale, as in the proliferating consultancy businesses. Most people are concerned with the first type of intelligence, a skill whose acquisition and development begins in early school through the apprenticeship of language, then writing, math, literature, geography, history, 