-PON), with NG-PON2 supporting an aggregate of 40 G downstream (with four wavelengths). With evolution, 25G PONs can even better match 5G speeds, and targets also low layer fronthaul appli- cation with the development of cooperative DBA (Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment). See, for example, [7]. Wireless is the primary alternative to fiber, where fiber is not available. Traditional microwave bands provide limited bandwidth and can support capacities up to around 1-2 Gbps. For 10 Gbps links and more, higher bands (E-band and D-band) are used. Wireless remains a very viable option, with low latency and a path for even higher throughputs such as 25 and 40 Gbps. Protection methods are commonly supported. Copper technologies appear limited in both bandwidth and reach (despite huge devel- opments in the technology), except for site internal interconnects and indoor Ethernet cabling. IP connectivity service is the de facto solution in 5G for connectivity, either as a native service or, for example, as an IP MPLS VPN service. The IP forwarding plane is usually complemented with the IP control plane (routing protocols) offering flexible connectiv- ity service in any scale. The IPv6 protocol (RFC 8200) [8] is attractive for new deployments like 5G as it improves the network by having a large address space with end-to-end addressing, avoidance of broadcasts, avoidance of fragmentation in intermediate nodes, address autoconfiguration, concept of link local addressing, and further services. The MPLS data plane with the IP control plane is an essential networking technology that supports services like IP MPLS VPNs [9], E-VPNs [10], and MPLS traffic engineer- ing including fast reroute. For IP MPLS VPN and E-VPN, the control plane relies on MP-BGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol) [11] for carrying customer network prefixes/addresses. The IP MPLS VPN service relies on a common MPLS/IP architec- ture where a single network can be shared for multiple uses and applications very flexibly and in almost any scale. MEF (Metro Etherne