thods for Transport of PPP/High-Level Data Link Control HDLC over MPLS Networks IETF-RFC 4619 Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Frame Relay over Multiprotocol Label Switching MPLS Networks IETF-RFC 4720 Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge PWE3 Frame Check Sequence Retention IETF-RFC 4717 Encapsulation Methods for Transport of Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM over MPLS Networks IETF-RFC 4816 Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge PWE3 Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM Transparent Cell Transport Service IETF-RFC 4842 Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SONET/SDH Circuit Emulation over Packet CEP IETF-RFC 5087 Time Division Multiplexing over IP TDMoIP IETF-RFC 5086 Structure-Aware Time Division Multiplexed TDM Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network CESoPSN IETF-RFC 5085 Pseudowire Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification VCCV: A Control Channel for Pseudowires IETF-RFC 5287 Control Protocol Extensions for the Setup of Time-Division Multiplexing TDM Pseudowires in MPLS Networks ITU-T-Y.1411 ATM pseudowires ITU-T-Y.1412 AAL5 pseudowires ITU-T-Y.1413 TDM pseudowires ITU-T-Y.1414 Voice Services pseudowires ITU-T-Y.1415 Ethernet pseudowires ITU-T-Y.1418 Pseudowire Layer Networks ITU-T-Y.1452 Voice Services over IP ITU-T-Y.1453 TDM over IP ITU-T-X.84 Frame Relay pseudowires Convergent Network Management and Control Plane 8.1 Introduction In Chapter 2 we have seen that the main target of major telecommunication carriers is to decrease the operational expenditure (OPEX) necessary to maintain and operate the net- work. In Chapter 3 we have seen that there are different implementations of IP over optical architecture, but it is a fact that the old architecture made by two independent networks, one for data and one for telephone, has almost disappeared everywhere. With the convergence of transport over one architecture, independently on the service bundles offered by the carrier to different categories of customers, also the division of the network management in two completely different architec