The transmission of the same message from a single point to multiple nodes. multicloud Using more than one cloud provider to avoid dependence on a single provider or because a particular provider meets a customer's specific requirement, for example, using both Amazon and Microsoft. multiplexing (muxing) A technique in which multiple devices can share a circuit. With multiplexing, carriers do not have to lay cabling for www.TechnicalPDF.com each computer that communicates. T1 multiplexers and fiber multiplexers enable many devices to share strands of fiber, air waves, and copper cabling. MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) MVNOs such as Tracfone and cable TV operators resell cellular service on cellular carriers' networks. NAS (Network Attached Storage) The use of servers for storing files that can be accessed directly by computers located on the LAN. NAS is less costly than traditional SANs. NAT (Network Address Translation) Translates external IP addresses to internal IP addresses, and vice versa. Carriers and enterprises use different internal and external IP addresses to conserve public addresses and to shield IP addresses from outside sources. NFC (Near Field Communications) A low-power, short-range protocol used for contactless payments via smartphones at retailers and at subway systems instead of tokens and credit cards. NEBS (Network Equipment Building Standards) Requirements published in a Bellcore (now Telcordia) technical reference for products placed in a central office environment. Bellcore is the former Bell Telephone central research organization. There are eight standards referring to issues such as environmental, electrical, and cabling requirements, as well as resistance to natural disasters such as earthquakes. network An arrangement of devices that can communicate with one another. An example of a network is the PSTN over which residential and commercial telephones and modems communicate with one another. www.TechnicalPDF.com NFV (Network Function Virtualization) Virtualizes the functions 