dering, or packet loss that may occur during transmission. Telecommunication Networks TABLE 3.1 Main Protocols of the IP Suite: (a) Application Layer, (b) Transport Layer, and (c) Internet Layer Protocol Acronym Protocol Function IETF Standard (a) Application layer Protocol used by hosts (DHCP clients) to retrieve IP address assignments RFC 2131 and other configuration information Protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems RFC 2616 HTTPS Combination of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol with the SSL/TLS RFC 2818 protocol to provide encryption and secure Internet standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission RFC 5321 Protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a remote RFC 1939 server over a TCP/IP connection Protocol for e-mail retrieval RFC 3501 Network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files RFC 959 UDP-based network protocol. It is used mostly in network management See Ref. [56,57] systems Signaling protocol, widely used for controlling multimedia RFC 3261 communication sessions such as voice and video calls Control protocol for use in entertainment and communications systems RFC 2326 to control streaming servers Telnet Protocol used to provide a interactive communications facility. Typically, RFC 854 telnet provides access to a remote host Redundancy protocol designed to increase the availability of the default RFC 3768 gateway servicing hosts on the same subnet Protocol that defines a standardized packet format for delivering audio RFC 3550 and video Core routing protocol of the Internet RFC 4271 Dynamic routing protocol used in local and wide area networks RFC 2453 (b) Transport layer Protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery of a stream of bytes RFC 1323 from an host to another RFC 2818 RFC 2018, RFC 1323, RFC 1146, Connectionless transport protocol RFC 368 Protocol, that provides reliable, in-sequence transport of messages with RFC 4960 congestion control Protocol designed to reserve resources across a network RFC 2205 Protocol that allows en