cations, Germany, a much larger area in the azimuth plane. Comparing have worked on advanced localisation methods using ray delay spread and angular spread a high correlation can be models [WHZL02], [ZBLL04]. In particular, the ray- observed. Typically correlation is higher at the BS than at tracing model described in [HoWW03] is used to im- the MT. The obtained parameters can be used for the plement the so-called 'database correlation method' for parametrisation of spatial channel models. localisation in an urban environment. Field prediction In [CoWS04] a 2.5D RT model [RiWG97] is used as results obtained with RT in a given service environment a propagation engine in a UMTS simulation program. The are used to define a look-up table for every BS. By eval- environment is a dense urban area in central Paris. The uating the measured path losses between the MT and the same UMTS simulation runs have also been done using BSs and by correlating these losses with the entries of the traditional Hata-like empirical propagation models such look-up table, the determination of the location of as the well-known and tested COST-231-Hata model. mobile terminals is obtained. In order to show Field prediction and system simulation outputs obtained the achievable performance in real environments, mea- with the two propagation models are then compared and surements in a GSM network are used for the local- discussed. In Figure 4.7-22, for example, field strength isation. The measurements represent a mobile which coverage with multiple BSs is shown as predicted by the receives simultaneously four BSs. CHAPTER 4.7 Propagation modelling and channel characterisation Table 4.7-4 Summary of delay spread, azimuth spread and correlation coefficients between delay and azimuth spread for routes [RX1]-[RX9]. Route Scenario Delay spread BS azimuth MT azimuth BS corr. MT corr. spread spread coeff. coeff. [deg] [deg] MT in street canyon 160.9 Mean value MT in intersection 303.5 106.5 Mean value 147.5 MT in street canyon and in intersection 112.3 