llenges The Quest for Broadband The Wireless Data Conundrum 3G's Bottom Line Fixed Wireless Technologies Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) The LMDS Market Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS) Freespace Optics Bluetooth The Wireless Future Cognitive Radio Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) RFID Functionality Spectrum Considerations Applications for RFID Department of Defense and RFID Network Impacts Final Thoughts What's Next? Satellite Technology Geosynchronous Satellites Low/Medium Earth Orbit Satellites (LEO/MEO) Iridium Globalstar ORBCOMM Angel Technologies Satellite Services: What's the Catch? Other Wireless Access Solutions A Goat Trail Technology Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Wi-Fi Today 802.11 Physical Layer 802.11 Media Access Control Layer Wi-Fi in Action Wi-Fi Security Beyond Wi-Fi Mulls) An Aside: Mobility vs. Ubiquity Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) 802.16a IEEE 802.16e Contents Ultra Wideband (UWB) ZigBee VSF-OFCDM The Mobile Appliance Chapter Summary Chapter 6 Questions Chapter 7 Transport Technologies Point-to-Point Technologies The Switching Hierarchy Frame Relay Managing Service in Frame-Relay Networks Congestion Control in Frame Relay Frame Relay Summary Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) ATM Evolution ATM Technology Overview ATM Protocols The ATM Cell Header Addressing in ATM ATM Services ITU-T Service Classes ATM Forum Service Classes ATM Forum Specified Services Optical Networking Early Optical Technology Breakthroughs Fundamentals of Optical Networking Optical Sources Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Laser Diodes Optical Fiber Drawing the Fiber Optical Fiber Scattering Absorption Dispersion Multimode Dispersion Chromatic Dispersion Material Dispersion Waveguide Dispersion Putting It All Together Fiber Nonlinearities Self-Phase Modulation (SPM) Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) Intermodulation Effects Scattering Problems Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) Stimul