eed to change the underlying telecommunication network infrastructure. That was also one the reasons for Internet technologies to become main or only packet-based networks of the present time, including fixed and mobile access networks. However, many ser- vices and applications over the same IP-based networks make the QoS provisioning more difficult. There are millions of different applications in different ecosystems (e.g. in Google's Play Store, Apple's iStore), SO theoretically it is not possible to guarantee the QoS per individual application, which come and go. However, some of the services and applications are legacy ones (e.g. those transferred to IP environments from legacy or traditional telecom networks, such as voice and television), while other applications and services can be considered as Internet-born ones. However, not all of them get the massive number of end-users because end-users (as humans) are influenced by differ- ent factors, including trends, price, affiliation, experience, region, personal philosophy, business requirements, time in which we are talking about services, and SO on. Further, besides humans as end-users of services (either human-human or human-machine com- munication), machine-type communications are continuously emerging and spreading, also referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, which is based and will be based on the same IP network infrastructures. This is also referred to as the ICT world going into different verticals by connecting different things to the Internet, for the sake of humanity, to make life better and more pleasant as the main target (smart homes, smart cars, smart cities, etc.) [1]. There are standardized umbrella specifications for such a transition of the telecom world to all-IP environments and to different verticals; these are NGNs and future net- works umbrella by the ITU-T [2]. ITU's Next Generation Networks The QoS in telecommunications networks at the beginning of the twenty-first century is directly linked to the standardization of th