rame format, 124 FSS (Fixed satellite services), 62 Frame rate, 392 FTTH/FTTP (fiber-to-the-home/fiber-to-the- Frame Relay, 98 premises) advantages/disadvantages of, 228-229 defined, 522 applications of, 222 overview of, 524-525 error control in, 221 VDSL as sister technology for, 508 evolution of, 147, 221 FTTN (fiber-to-the-node) multiservice edge supporting, 436 defined, 522 N-ISDN for dialup using, 214 overview of, 523-524 networks, 222-227 VDSL as sister technology for, 508 packet size in, 220 FTTP (fiber-to-the-premises) performance issues, 227 defined, 472 provisioned VPN based on, 350-352 FTTH/FTTP, 508, 522, 524-525 VoFR, 227-228 FTTx (fiber-to-the-x), 522-525 VS. VPNs, 357 Full CR (cognitive radio), 692 WANs using, 201 Full-duplex transmission, 160 Frames, 93-95 Full-function device (FDD), ZigBee, 671-672 Free-on-demand (FOD), 522 Fully associated (F) links, 135 Free Space Optics (FSO), 636-637 Fully qualified domain name (FQDN), 339-340 Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access (FOMA), Functional agents, xlvii Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications Frequencies System (FPLMTS), 599 defined, 13 FX (foreign exchange) lines, 109-110 electromagnetic spectrum and, 11-15 infrasound and animal world, 12 ITU BFWA allocations, 620 Gain, antenna, 556 modulation, 155 Gaming, mobile, 702-706 in radio spectrum, 551-553 categories of, 703-704 RFID, 678-681 overview of, 702-703 in wireless signal modulation, 561 platforms for, 704-706 Index GAN (Generic Access Network), 653 GMSK (Gaussian Minimum-Shift Keying), 561 Gatekeepers, H.323, 331-332 GNU Zebra, 655 Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN), 594, 699 GPONs (Gigabit PONs), 527-528 Gateways GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), 593-595 H.323, 331 Graceful Restart, 261, 264 HAN, 544 GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation), 353, IPT media, 319-320 362-363 Gaussian Minimum-Shift Keying (GMSK), 561 Grid computing, liii-liv Gbps (gigabits per second), 457 Grooming, 125 G.dmt. See ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Ground segments, satellites, 66 Line) Ground start, 130-131 G.dm