See Incoming Label Maps Intrinsic factors in PMD, 189-190 aperture, 236 ILM-to-NHLFE Maps, 387 Intrinsic losses for optical fibers, current distribution, 235 Images 116-117 radiation from, 228-230 color, 55-56 Intrinsic radiation resistance, 235 Hamming codes, 91-92 monochrome, 55 Inverse-Dispersion Fiber (IDF), Hamming distance, 89 size, 56 Hard-decision decoding, 90 Impedance Ionosphere Harmonics, 31-32 antennas, 235, 237, 280, 283 attenuation, 248 HDLC. See High-Level Data Link free-space, 255, 259-260 cross modulation, 249-250 control in Maxwell's equations, 221 field strengths received via, HD-ready pictures, 56 surface, 252-254 HDTV. See High-Definition Impulse noise, 42 high-frequency sky wave Television Incident angle, 113-114 propagation, 265-269 HF antennas, 306 Incoming Label Maps (ILMs), 385 radio wave propagation, 261 HF frequency, 275 Independent LSP control mode, reflection and refraction of Hierarchical encoding, 61 waves, 247-248 High channel densities for Independent VLAN Learning refractive index, 249 optical fiber, 210 (IVL), 412 solar flux, 262 High-Definition Television Induction fields, 227 I pictures, 72 (HDTV), 53 Infinitesimal linear elements, IP control planes, 380 High-frequency sky wave radiation from, 226-227 IP/MPLS networks, 362-363 propagation, 265-269 Infrared absorption, 116 IP over DWDM, 52-53 High-Level Data Link Control In-Service Software Upgrades IP route dissemination, 398-399 (HDLC), 344 (ISSUs), 404 IP Type of Service (ToS) High-order VCAT, 349-350 Instance Identifiers (I-SIDs), 410 technique, 78 High Speed Study Group Integral equations for realistic ISDN. See Integrated Services (HSSG), 420 terrains, 253 Digital Network Higher-order multiplexing, 22-24 Integrated Services (IntServ) ISI. See Intersymbol Interference Higher-order PMD, 194 technique, 78, 390-391 I-SIDs. See Instance Identifiers Hills, approximating, 241-242 Integrated Services Digital Isotropic antennas, 236 Hilltops, diffraction from, 240 Network (ISDN), 362, Isotropic radiators, 226, 231, 300 Hold-off t