the business process is aligned with telecom process frameworks like eTOM, it is easier to acquire or merge the business process for a particular service offering. The FAB component (ful- fillment, assurance, and billing) needs to align to best meet the interests of Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS the customer. The business should be focused on meeting the SLA set with the customer. Along with quality of service from the service provider space, the quality of end-user experience from customer space needs to be param- eterized and measured. A key industry direction is toward service oriented architecture and COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) based products. This means that reuse should be maximized. Service abstraction, service discov- ery, and service reusability features of SOA are suitable for providing services that can be extended to legacy and next generation at the same time. New NMS solutions especially for next generation network and services are based on loosely coupled, service discovery architecture. COTS-based implemen- tation also leads to reuse when the product is developed for integration with a wide variety of components. The main intent of splitting to components is to achieve better management at the component level and at the same time having the entire system controlled by managing specific components, thus reducing the complexity. 5. Other requirements associated with NGNM: Compliance to standards is a key requirement for NGNM. This includes standards given by telecom and enterprise standardizing organizations, compliance specified by regu- latory bodies and legal obligations. Regulatory requirements include emer- gency services and legal obligations can include security features like lawful interception. With multiple NGNM requirements from different standardizing bodies, ser- vice providers and developers have difficulty in determining what standards to use. So liaison of standardizing bodies to do collaborative work and combining standards and refining them to suit business needs is als