ng security and keeping up with new ways that hackers devise to break through an orga- nization's defenses. Cyber Countermeasures In 2010 and 2011, Adobe, AT&T, Google, Facebook, Sony, and Twitter all experi- enced security breaches. These attacks focused on private data in some cases; in other cases, they rendered the target companies unable to conduct business for a period of time. Although most organizations recognize the importance of security, investments in these areas compete for resources needed for product development, marketing, and other endeavors. Too frequently, if an organization has not been the victim of a data breach, spending money on security is not recognized as having a return on investment when compared with the introduction of a new product. The military and industries such as financial services and pharmaceutical firms place a high value on keeping information safe. The lifeblood of pharmaceutical companies is the development of new drugs. If the intellectual property of research is leaked, a great deal of damage can be done. These companies, as with most organi- zations, screen incoming messages for malware, which is a catch all term for viruses, worms, and other software threats. Furthermore, they screen outgoing e-mail for key- words related to drug development and strategy. A major challenge to IT security personnel is utilizing security software and prac- tices that don't slow down or hinder employee access to applications and information. There might be resistance to the necessity of changing passwords on a regular basis or of being required to use long passwords that are difficult to remember. Employees are often tempted to write down these passwords and keep them out in the open, where they can be easily stolen. Mounting Defenses via Firewalls and Security Software Firewalls are used to screen incoming messages for known viruses, worms, and Trojan horses. Trojan horses are computer programs that appear to have useful functions actually contain malicious code. A video sent from Face