ansform-Spread Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) waveform in the uplink, the NR system adopts both DFT-s-OFDM and OFDM waveforms. The use of the OFDM waveform for the NR uplink provides better spectral efficiency, while the DFT-s-OFDM waveform addresses power efficiency issues in the uplink for coverage- limited scenarios. Wider bandwidth: The maximum bandwidth of NR system is extended beyond the max- imum bandwidth supported by LTE-A. More specifically, the NR system in Release-15 supports a maximum of 400 MHz bandwidth to allow for efficient operation of the system in mm Wave bands. The maximum bandwidth of NR is planned to be further increased in future releases, for example, to accommodate NR operation at carrier frequencies above 52.6 GHz. 3 5G System Overview Massive multiple-input and multiple output (MIMO): mmWave frequencies sup- ported by NR offer significantly more spectrum than the existing spectrum utilized by LTE-A in bands below 6 GHz. However, at mmWave frequencies the transmitted signal is subject to severe attenuation. To compensate for the encountered propagation losses, multi-antenna transmission techniques with beamforming at both gNB and UE are sup- ported in the NR system. To support efficient beamforming at both gNB and UE, beam management procedures are introduced. The purpose of beam management schemes is to establish a highly directional communication link by using high-dimensional antenna arrays at both ends of the link. Dynamic time division duplexing (TDD): In TDD systems, time resources can be opti- mally allocated for downlink and uplink depending on traffic conditions. In LTE-A sys- tem, time resource adaptation is performed at the subframe level, comprising 14 OFDM symbols. In NR, downlink and uplink adaptation can be performed with the finer granu- larity of one OFDM symbol, which further improves the TDD system performance com- pared with LTE-A. Forward compatibility support: Similar to LTE, future releases of the NR system will support backward compatibility. However