rom higher layers into frames for transmission. 3GPP Evolved Packet System (EPS) One radio frame, ==307200T = 10 ms One slot, One subframe Figure 3.4 Frame structure type 1. Reproduced with permission from © 2009 3GPP [13] 3.5.2 Frame Structure The downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into radio frames with 10 ms duration as shown in Equation (3.1). Two radio frame structures are supported, namely Frame Structure Type 1 and Frame Structure Type 2 [13]. Tf = 307200xTs = 10ms (3.1) Note: Tf: Radio frame duration Ts: Basic time unit. 3.5.2.1 Frame Structure Type 1 Frame structure type 1 is applicable to both full duplex and half duplex FDD and is shown in Figure 3.4. Each radio frame is 10 ms long and consists of 20 slots of length 0.5ms each, numbered from 0 to 19. A subframe is defined as two consecutive slots where subframe i consists of slots 2i and 2i+1. For FDD, ten subframes are available for downlink transmission and ten subframes are available for uplink transmissions in each 10 ms interval. Uplink and downlink transmissions are separated in the frequency domain. In half-duplex FDD operation, the UE cannot transmit and receive at the same time while there are no such restrictions in full-duplex FDD. 3.5.2.2 Frame Structure Type 2 Frame structure type 2 is applicable to TDD as shown in Figure 3.5. Each radio frame of length 10 ms con- sists of two half-frames of 5 ms length each. Each half-frame consists of five subframes of length 1 ms. The supported uplink-downlink configurations are listed in Table 3.1 where, for each subframe in a radio frame, "D" denotes the subframe is reserved for downlink transmissions, "U" denotes the subframe is reserved for uplink transmissions and "S" denotes a special subframe with the three fields DwPTS (Downlink Pilot Time Slot), GP (Guard Period) and UpPTS (Uplink Pilot Time Slot). The lengths of DwPTS and UpPTS are subject to the total length of DwPTS, GP, and UpPTS, being equal to 1ms. Each subframe i is defined as two slots, 2i and 2i+1 of length 0.5 ms in each 