lastic Services Controller (ESC). Downloaded: 4/15/2022 9:44:49 AM Nova Southeastern University IP Address: 137.52.76.29 NFV Practical Implementation Virtualized Infrastructure Manager (VIM) - to manage the virtual and physical infrastructure. Where OpenStack, VMware, Cisco APIC can be deployed. Physical & Virtual Network Infrastructure Layer for Physical & Virtual Network devices. Cisco NSO Solution to Network Orchestration and Management Challenges It provides a centralized management and single application programming Interface to the entire Infrastructure. Keeps accurate copy of network configuration. Multi-vendor Orchestration platform. Multi-vendor SDN Controller. Supports traditional networking services. Figure 8. MANAGEMENT NETWORK APPLICATION ADMINISTRATOR NET CONF. CISCO NETWORK SERVICE ORCHESTRATOR Downloaded 4/15/2022 9:44:49 AM Nova Southeastern University IP Address: 137.52.76.29 NFV Practical Implementation Cisco Network Services Orchestrator Architecture Lack of abstraction is a major drawback in networking environment. Due to lack of abstraction every configuration or policies are hard coded to the physical devices and it is removed completely as soon as the device is decommissioned. And this give rise to the same set of configurations and policies to a different set of hardware which can take time to build the physical device, configure it from the scratch. After building the configuration, testing is also mandatory where compatibility with the hardware is important with installed software and then finally testing it in the production environment. NSO is a 3 layer architecture of forwarding (devices are responsible for forwarding traffic), Network operation layer and the abstraction layer which gives the ability to the architecture to not hardcode the configuration, policies to any physical entity. Cisco NSO provides Operation layer, abstraction layer and communicate with the downstream forwarding layer using protocols like OpenFlow or by conventional methods like SNMP and CLI. With its northbou