ject (SRej) frame, 287 connection-oriented functions of, 379-380 selective trunk reservation (STR), 552-553 peer-to-peer communication and, 379 self-healing ring (SHR) architecture, 170, 172f services provided by, 378-379 self-inductance, 589 structure of, 380-381 self-interference, 216 signaling connections, temporary, 379-380 semaphore, 20 signaling data link layer, 367-368 INDEX signaling functions, structure of, 364f signal unit delimitation/alignment, 368 signaling information, 365 signal unit format, signaling link layer, 370-372 conveying, 150 signs, in algebra, 605 signaling information field (SIF), 372, 381, 382 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), signaling limits 554-558. See also SNMP entries calculating, 96 simplex operation, 9 in loop design, 98 simultaneous linear equations, 610-611 subscriber loop, 95 SINAD ratio, 467 signaling link code (SLC), 374 sine wave, 23, 24f, 27f, 593-594 signaling link delays, 376-377 singing (audio feedback), 52, 75, 78 signaling link functions, 364 causes of, 188-189 signaling link layer, 368-372 control of, 189 error correction function, 369-370 in long-distance telephony, 187, 188 error detection function, 369 transmission design to control, 190-191 flow control function, 370 single-frequency (SF) signaling, 151, 153f signal unit delimitation and alignment function, single-frequency signaling circuit, block diagram of, 152f signal unit format, 370-372 single link connections, priority for, 549 signaling link management, 367 single mode fiber, 234 signaling links, 365, 374 single segment message (SSM), 526 signaling link selection (SLS) field, 374, 382 single-sideband suppressed carrier (SSBSC), 81 signaling message-handling functions, 365, modulation techniques, 83 372-374 single-wire ground return, 23 signaling network functions, 365 site selection, line-of-sight microwave, 199-200 signaling network management, 366-367 skip route control, 552 signaling network management functions, 365 sky noise, 225 signaling network structure, 374-375 slip performance, 143-1