network, designing the network, implementing the network, and adding additional capacity to the network. Engineers are specialists in particular network technology domains such as layer O/layer 1 transport, layer 2 Ethernet, layer Building the Network of the Future 3 IP/MPLS, mobility radio access networks (RAN), and IP-based services. Each of these network systems must be designed to predetermined performance and capacity requirements as well as deliver specific functionality. Based on the characteristics of the particular technology domain, the design approach may be quite different and may have very different economics. The operations organization is responsible for the day-to-day management of all technology that provides network-based services. This includes all lifecycle management functions such as upgrades, decommissioning, fault management, and performance management. The operations organization provides local technicians who can perform work that cannot be accomplished remotely. Network technology is managed by technology-focused reliability centers. Service management centers focus on the end-to-end service experience and monitor the health and performance of services such as Voice over IP or mobility data connectivity service. The maintenance operations model is tiered, with the level of skill and responsibility increasing in higher tiers. For many strategic, going forward technologies and services, work that was tradi- tionally classified as Tier 1 has been fully automated. Examples of these Tier 1 work tasks include reviewing and storing log files, verifying port configurations, and verifying circuit connectivity. The Tier 2 organization performs most of the maintenance work in the network and also does most of the administration work that is not already automated. Tier 2 technicians are more skilled than Tier 1 and can handle most tasks without significant oversight. They are permitted to make changes to network systems such as changing an access control list, a routing configuration or upgrading s