our-layered GSM/UMTS network architectures into two-layer broadband oriented EPS architecture. The Node-B or BTS will become an enhanced-NodeB by including some additional RNC/BSC functionalities. The remaining functions of RNC/BSC and tasks of SGSN and GGSN will be migrated into a new box simply called access Gateway. WiMAX Networks are definitely better and more consolidated as compared to cellular networks. It enables an IP-centric mobile network which is adopted by industry at large. At the cell sites there are BTSs from where the data is sent to an AGW (Access Gateway) which can support multiple BTSs. The AGW is connected to an IP backbone which is connected to the Internet as shown in Figure 11.22. Current Hierarchical Architecture Base Station Router BTS/RNC/PDSN Figure 11.20 Futuristic EV-DO Flat IP architecture E2E Network Architecture and Mobility Management Gateway RNC/BSC BTS/NodeB eNodeB Exiting Hierarchal Architecture Future Flat IP Architecture (GSM/WCDMA/HSPA) (EPS+) Figure 11.21 GSM/UMTS (EPS+) Flat IP architecture 11.10 Industry Outlook Though mobility management has been under discussion for the last few years, 2009 was seen as the year when the first interworking standard specifications got published. We saw TS 23-402, and SO on, from 3GPP, A.S0022-0, and SO on, from 3GPP2 and T32-002-R010, and SO on, from WiMAX Forum, all getting standardized in 2009. Thus, it is absolutely critical that SDOs keep developing standards that can offer interoperability between various radio access networks. Motorola completed the first ever packet switched handover between EV-DO Rev. A and LTE in March 2008. In January 2010, LG and Alcatel-Lucent completed a successful handoff of an end-to-end data call between LTE and EV-DO mobile networks, compliant with the standards established by 3GPP. FMC is mainly pushed by the vendor community while the operators SO far have been lukewarm over its potential. The FMC camp has started to rebrand themselves as agents of Mobile Unified Communications. The Unified Communicati