 then the end-user can be given an additional choice for the QoS treatment of particular popular OTT services at a given time. What is the relation between network capacity and traffic management? When Inter- net traffic demand is well below the available network capacity, then there is no need for traffic management intervention. When Internet traffic load approaches the installed Unmanaged traffic demand Network capacity Managed traffic demand Complex IP traffic management that improves QoE Simple IP traffic management No intervention IP - Internet protocol QoE - Quality of experience Figure 6.9 Traffic management dependence upon network capacity. 6.7 Internet of Things (IOT) Services network capacity, then simple traffic management can be applied (e.g. prioritization and bandwidth allocation in the core networks for given traffic types) [25]. When Inter- net traffic load is higher than the network capacity, traffic management is mandatory because it can help to improve the QoS and to increase the QoE. Internet of Things (loT) Services The IoT started to appear as a paradigm with the spread of broadband access to the Internet around the mid-2000s. The ITU published its first book report on the IoT back in 2005 [26]. What else contributed to the growth of the IoT? It is driven by widespread use of the Internet and IP technologies and the availability of fixed and mobile access networks everywhere, continuous miniaturization of various devices and sensors, and development of big data analytics and cloud computing. Let's define the IoT. According to the ITU [27], the IoT is a global infrastructure for the information society enabling advanced services by interconnection of different physical and virtual things, based on ICTs. The IoT defines a new dimension to the ICT world, called "any-thing communication" [28], in parallel with "any-time communication" and "any-where communication" (Figure 6.10). The IoT refers to any communication between machines and objects over the Inter- net. Such technologies include (but 