nd carriers. In order to support these diverse traffic types on a single network, 5G requires a fundamental change in approach to the 5G radio carrier waveform. In earlier generations of radio technology, a single carrier used a single consistent subcarrier structure across the entire carrier. 5G breaks from that approach, and enables a single carrier to simultaneously support different types of separate self-contained subcarriers, as shown in Figure 11.20. As an example, eMBB traffic can use a subcarrier optimized for the highly efficient transfer of large amounts of data, using tight synchronization, automatic ranging, and cod- ing optimized for maximum spectral efficiency. At the same time, Massive IOT traffic can use a FIGURE 11.19 5G self backhaul. Building the Network of the Future Subcarrier Subcarrier Subcarrier Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 FIGURE 11.20 5G example subcarrier structure. subcarrier structure with narrow bandwidth carriers to enable efficient short information transfers and low peak power while maintaining high coverage, with asynchronous access techniques for low protocol complexity and signaling overhead to allow low-cost device implementations and long battery life. The amount of resources devoted to each type of subcarrier could be dynamically cus- tomized for each time and place to align with the traffic demands. Because the subcarriers are self- contained, 5G also has the potential to evolve to add new subcarrier types in the future optimized for new kinds of traffic and applications. The new architecture with the extended AIC provides an ideal approach to realize the flex- ibility of the 5G carrier structure. The resources of a flexible specialized DSP processing pool can be allocated to follow dynamic adjustments to the different types of subcarriers. Network routing protocols and paths can be allocated and optimized for each type of traffic. Software updates to existing service and subcarriers can be isolated from changes to other services and subcarriers. New subcarrier types and new servi