ning non-delay-sensitive data. These devices are required to be low cost and consume very low power. WRC, http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/conferences/wrc Introduction and Background xxxiii A large number of deployment scenarios in each category of eMBB, mMTC, and URLLC are foreseen to emerge in the next few years, which require more flexibility, programmabil- ity and configurability in the design, development and deployment of 5G access and core networks. These design features help curtail increasing operators' CAPEX and OPEX for future network upgrades. In the following sections we study various use cases and the deployment scenarios supported by 5G systems. 2.1 Use Cases In an information society, users will be provided with wide range of applications and ser- vices, ranging from infotainment services, safe and efficient transportation, as well as new industrial and professional applications. These services and applications include very high data rates and very dense distribution of devices, with stringent requirements on the end-to- end performance and user experience. The new type of challenges that arise from the emerging application areas include very low latency, very low power, very low cost, and massive number of devices. In many cases, one of the key challenges is related to support of seamless mobility (i.e., transparent to application layer) over a wide range of speeds. Mobile broadband is the most prominent use case today, and it is expected to continue to be one of the key use cases driving the requirements for the 5G systems. The challenge goes far beyond providing the users with basic mobile Internet access and covers support of rich interactive work, media, and entertainment applications in the cloud or reality augmenta- tions (both centralized and distributed frameworks). 5G has strived to enable new usage models for mobile networks in various vertical markets, ranging from wearable electronic devices to autonomous driving. However, the approach for spectrum usage for vertical markets seems to be st