 gigabit equipment vendors only used the most simple modulation technique that is, BPSK (binary phase shift keying). In the future the vendors will provide systems with higher order modulation, such that 1.0 Gbps can be delivered in a narrower band or higher bit rates within the existing utilized band. The details on radio capacity with respect to modulation types and channel size is listed in [4]. For example: to achieve 1.2 Gbps with BPSK the system will need 2 GHz of channel bandwidth. The ITU-R Recommendation P.530-12 [5] only states that the current propagation loss method for radio links is said to be accurate at least up to 40 GHz, but with no indication at which upper frequency it may not be valid. The precipitation model has not been validated for real link design at a frequency above 40 GHz. However, Telenor has demonstrated [6] that the ITU-R recommended method for precipitation attenua- tion actually is quite close to the observed data for 70/80 radio links, although somewhat optimistic. The paper suggested that a method should be investigated that can combine gaseous (water vapor, oxygen) at- tenuation distribution and precipitation (rain, snow) attenuation distributions to get more accurate results. 7.3.2.3 Applications In addition to catering 3G and broadband demands, these radios can also be used for carrying 2G STM- 1/STM-4 BSC to MSC traffic with IP/TDM traffic converters. Some key applications of high capacity gigabit radio links are as follows: Alternative to optical Fiber (short term): The deployment of optical fiber takes months since it requires acquisition of land and digging ground. MMW radios can be deployed till fiber is laid in the ground. It will expedite the delivery of services to customers and will speed up time to market. For Redundancy: MMW radios can provide a redundant path for carrying traffic along with fiber. The redundancy factor will be relevant for some high capacity cell sites and transmission hubs. Gigabit radios will come in handy in case there is a dual fiber cut. Fre