s provides little evidence of a win- ning strategy among any of them. Of the major publicly traded CLECs that entered in 1996-2002 (excluding the long-distance carriers), few have survived, and of the survivors, many have been forced into bankruptcy (table 4-2). Twenty-five of these survivors, excluding WorldCom and AT&T, realized revenues of $9.3 billion in 2002, but these sums include a variety of nontelephone revenues. At the end of 2002, cable television com- panies had 3 million telephone subscribers, or 0.8 million more than at the end of 2001 52 Assuming that these cable companies realized $500 per line in telephone revenues, they accounted for about $1.3 billion in CLEC rev- enues in 2002. Given that the competitive local carriers realized $18.5 bil- lion in total revenues in 2002, as reported by the FCC, the CLECs not listed in table 4-2, namely, the long-distance carriers and various privately traded companies, accounted for about $7.9 billion in revenues in 2002. In addition to the publicly traded companies, about forty small, private firms were offering telecommunications service at the end of 2002. These companies accounted for about one-eighth of entrants' telephone revenues Table 4-2. CLECs: Entrants and Survivors, 2004 Network Revenue (millions Company strategy Survivor? of dollars, 2002) Adelphia Business Solutions Resale/on-net Yes (operating in bankruptcy) Allegiance Telecom Allied Riser On-net No (acquired by Cogent) Advanced Radio US LEC Corp Choice One Cogent On-net Concentric Network On-net/UNE UNE-P Local revenues unknown ATX (formerly CoreComm Ltd) Resale Convergent Communications Resale Covad Communications Group Yes (reorganized in bankruptcy) CTC Communications Corp. Resale No (acquired by Columbia Ventures) CapRock Resale No (acquired by Mcleod) Cypress Communications UNE plus on-net No (acquired by US RealTel) DSLNet Elec Communications UNE-P Electric Lightwave UNE/on-net No (acquired by Citizens) e.spire Communications No (acquired by Xspedius in bankruptcy) Ixnet Focal Communicatio