tinuously improving and many handsets and present designs assume SAW filters rather than FBAR in all bands up to 2.1 GHz though not presently for the 2.6-GHz extension band. Some RF PA vendors are integrating filters with the PA. This allows for optimised (lower than 50 ohm) power matching, though does imply an RF PA and filter module for each band. There are similar arguments for integrating the LNA and filter module as a way of improving noise matching and reducing component count and cost. A present example is the integration of a GPS LNA with FBAR GPS filters into a GPS front-end module. RF PA vendors often ship more than just the power amplifier and it is always an objective to try and win additional value from adjacent or related functions, for example supplying GaAs-based power amplifiers with switches and SAW and BAW filter/duplexers. In comparison to SAW, BAW and FBAR filters, RF MEMS realistically still have to be characterised as a new technology in terms of real-life applications in cellular phones and Wireless User Hardware mobile broadband user equipment. RF MEMS hold out the promise of higher-Q filters with good temperature stability and low insertion loss and could potentially meet aggressive cost expectations and quality and reliability requirements. However, the NRE costs and risks associated with RF MEMS are substantial and need to be amortised over significant market volumes. Recent commercial announcements suggest that there is a growing recognition in the RF component industry that RF MEMS are both a necessary next step and a potential profit opportunity. The issue is the rate at which it technically and commercially viable to introduce these innovations. 5.5.2 Tuneable Capacitors and Adaptive TX and RX Matching Techniques The rationale for adaptive matching is that it can deliver TX efficiency improvements by cancelling out the mismatch caused by physical changes in the way the phone is being used. A hand around a phone or the proximity of a head or the way a user holds a tablet or slate wi