opping mall in Finland. A large number of Wi-Fi access points are visible in the band 5150-5350 MHz and quite a few also in the band Mean throughput Wi-Fi Own technology Interfering system Wi-Fi Interfering system 5G-U Figure 4.19 Mean throughput with 5G unlicensed and with Wi-Fi sharing the spectrum [3]. 4 Spectrum Several networks on air in 5 GHz band Avoin Sello oin Sello ou BF46 <none> visitor tokwlan knone> Private Wan (none> Private Wan 1918-1 <none> Utilzation at: -85 dBm Network utilization very low Figure 4.20 5 GHz band scanner measurements in a large shopping mall. 5470-5725 MHz. The access points in the frequency domain are shown in the upper part of Figure 4.20. It appears as if the spectrum is heavily occupied by the Wi-Fi signal. But it is not enough to check only the number of access points; we also need to analyze the utilization of the networks, which is shown in the lower part of Figure 4.20. The utilization threshold in these measurements was -85 dBm. The results show that the utilization is very low. There are many access points in that shopping mall, but there is still a lot of room for additional traffic because of the low utilization. The conclusion is that the unlicensed band 5G network could be used in this specific area to boost the capacity of licensed band networks. Shared Band Shared licensing is used today, for example, at the 3.5 GHz CBRS band in the United States. The shared access is commonly known as Licensed Shared Access (LSA). It allows a limited number of licensees to use the frequency band with one or more incumbent users already present. CBRS is controlled by a three-level spectrum autho- rization framework to combine a number of commercial uses on a shared basis with incumbent federal and non-federal users of the band. Access and operations will be managed by a dynamic spectrum access system. The three tiers are Incumbent Access, Priority Access, and General Authorized Access. Incumbent Access users include authorized federal and Fixed Satellite Service users currently op