nly for business calls; they were expensive, and predominantly used for one-to-one voice communication. Then text came along, then data, originally a 1200-bps or 2400-bps FFSK data channel in first-generation cellular phones, then audio, imaging and positioning and most recently a range of sensing capabilities. Smart phones were originally intended to help make us more 5 http://www.samsung.com/us/mobile/cell-phones/SPH-A310ZRADYN 6 http://www.zone-v.com. 7 http://www.chetansharma.com/usmarketupdateq12011.htr Making Telecoms Work efficient, predominantly in terms of business efficiency. Mobile phones have become tools that we use to improve our social efficiency and access to information and entertainment. Both in business and socially, modern mobile phones allow people to be egocentric. Text has become twitter and cameras and audio inputs enable us to produce rich media user-generated content. Positioning and sensing are facilitating another shift and producing a new generation of devices that allow us to interact with the physical world around us. Who would have thought, for example, that a whole new generation of users would master SMS texting through a phone keypad, achieving communication speeds that are comparable with QWERTY key stroke entry albeit with bizarre abbreviations. The question to answer is how fast are these behavioural transforms happening and the answer to that can be found by looking at how quickly or slowly things have changed in the past. A time line for cellular phone innovations can be found at the referenced web site8 but this is summary. Cellular phones did not arrive out of the blue twenty five years ago. The principle of cellular phones and the associated concepts of frequency reuse were first described by DH Ring at the Bell Laboratories in 1947, a year before William Shockley invented the transistor. In 1969 Bell introduced the first commercial system using cellular principles (handover and frequency reuse) on trains between Washington and New York. In 1971 Intel introduced the firs