has as much to do with operator marketing as it does with engineering. In this section it is assumed that the service level is based on minimum required UE throughput in uplink and downlink. Realistic cell edge throughput values in a 20 MHz 2x2 MIMO FDD system would be in the range of 4-10 Mbps for downlink and 0.5- 3 Mbps uplink. As will be seen in the sequel, more often than not, it is the uplink that limits the service area. As an intermediate remark, in field testing the throughput results have to be normalized per scheduled bandwidth (to remove impact of other serving cell users). Although popular in practice, speed test applications or FTP should not be used to assess radio interface throughput performance due to well-known limitations of the TCP protocol. The recommended way is to use user datagram protocol (UDP9), since it is less sensitive to transport network and protocol limitations. In what follows mapping of throughput to SINR and RSRQ is discussed. Prediction of downlink throughput based on RSRP is also shown by means of a measurement example. Later these results are used to demonstrate the planning of mobility entry and exit points in the inter-layer scenario shown in Figure 15.6. Mapping Throughput to SINR Assuming that the minimum required throughput in an LTE layer is defined, the throughput target could be translated to minimum required SINR. This can be done by using link level performance curves such as the one shown in Figure 15.7. The figure shows uplink and downlink UDP throughput in log-scale for fading channel in low mobility (Doppler frequency 5 Hz). The device under measurement is a commercially available LTE Cat3 modem connected to a commercially available base station via a channel fading simulator. The average SNR is determined by injecting artificially generated Gaussian noise to the receiver input. 10 downlink transmission scheme is 2x2 3GPP TM3 with rank adaptation, which is sometimes also called dynamic open-loop MIMO. Uplink receiver is a MMSE equalizer with two-branch maximum 