n coefficient below what value? 13. What is the gain of a standard dipole over a reference isotropic antenna? Differentiate ERP and EIRP. Cellular designers use a field strength contour of dBu, which is equivalent to 15. What would the maximum transmission loss to the 39-dBu contour be if the cell site EIRP is +52 dBm? 16. A cell site antenna has a gain of +14 dBd. What is the equivalent gain in dBi? 17. What are the three generic access techniques that might be considered for digital cellular operation? If we have 10 cellular users on a TDMA frame and the frame duration is 20 msec, what is the maximum burst duration without guard time considerations? 19. What are the two basic elements in digital cellular transmission with which we may improve users per unit bandwidth? 20. What power amplifier advantage do we have in a TDMA system we do not have in an FDMA system assuming a common power amplifier for all RF channels? 21. Cellular radio, particularly in urban areas, is gated by heavy interference conditions, especially cochannel from frequency reuse. In light of this, describe how we achieve an interference advantage when using CDMA. CELLULAR AND PCS RADIO SYSTEMS A CDMA system has an information bit stream of 4800 bps which is spread 10 MHz. What is the processing gain? For effective frequency reuse, the value of D/R must be kept large enough. Define D and R. What value of D/R is large enough? In congested urban areas where cell diameters are small, what measure can we take to reduce C/I? 25. What is the effect of the Fresnel ellipse? 26. What range of transmitter output power can we expect from cordless telephone PCS? 27. Why would it be attractive to use CDMA with a RAKE receiver for PCS systems? 28. Speech coding is less stringent with PCS scenarios, typically 32 kbps. Why? 29. What are the two different transmission media used with WLANs? Give two decided advantages of LEO satellite systems over their GEO counterparts. REFERENCES 1. Telecommunications Transmission Engineering, 3rd ed., Bellcore, Piscataway, 