 International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has approved cdma20001xEV-DO as a 3G standard. This is a current im- plementation of cdma2000 with 1x (1.25 MHz) bandwidth using EVolution Data Only (EV-DO) as a packet carrier. As of this writing, we are aware of these cdma2000 detail standards7: 1x data services up to 144 kbps. 1x EV-DO, called 1X-EV phase one (also known as high-rate packet data air interface), provides a completely separate carrier for data, increasing the data rate to 2.4 Mbps. 1x EV-DV, called 1X-EV phase two, is expected to support data rates ranging from 3 to 5 Mbps. Several proposals have been submitted to the standards committee. 3x is approved by the ITU as a 3G standard. It uses the space of three cdmaOne 1.25-MHz bands plus outside guard bands for 3.75 MHz of bandwidth transmission in a 5-MHz space for each direction or 10 MHz for full-duplex service. It can overlap its carrier on the same frequencies with cdma2000 1x or cdmaOne carriers. cdma2000 is being deployed in North America by both Sprint PCS and Verizon Wire- less in 2002 as this book is being written. Also, Cingular, the eighth largest cellular ser- vice provider in the United States and one of three major U.S. GSM (TDMA) providers, has announced its plans to convert to cdma2000 with rollout beginning in November 2002. cdma2000 networks are also being deployed in Korea. 10.2.1 cdma2000 services cdma2000 claims to be backward-compatible with the current cdmaOne standards. With 100 million cdmaOne subscribers out there and 100 million cdmaOne user termi- nals in circulation, this should be an important criterion. Some existing cdmaOne handsets, however, seem to have problems working with cdma2000. While cdma2000 has its own voice calls, the significant new service offering of cdma2000 is the 3G suite of voice and data services. These services, based on the 1x and 3x standards described earlier, are expected to provide data rates of 144 kbps high-mobility traffic, 384 kbps for pedestrian traffic, and up to 2 Mbps for stationary tra