omponents of an application can be independently deployed and managed XML facilitates data exchange between application components and between applications JAXP provides a standard API to process XML documents using DOM, SAX and XSLT. This makes it easier for applications to choose an XML parser implementation based on application needs, for example, high-performance VS low-memory footprint parsers Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) is a unified interface for multiple naming and directory services, facilitating location transparency. UNDI allows applications to locate and use at runtime the services on which they are built. Without JNDI, an application would be forced to assume the availability of services in predetermined locations 1.1 and 2.0 JDBC provides database technology-independent, RDBMS and ODBMS, and platform neutral APIs to access data Java RMI Remote Method Invocation (RMI) aids distributed computing which assists in scalability and performance CORBA CORBA provides a programming language-independent distributed object-computing environment for building scalable applications 1.0 and 1.1 HTTP facilitates a standard communication mechanism between Web Browser Client and the Web Server. HTTP is also used as communication mechanism between other clients and servers JDK 1.2 and JFC is a collection of widgets which facilitate building GUIs that are consistent across platforms JDK 1.3 Facilitates dynamic content in web pages by allowing Java code to be embedded in HTML pages. Presentation and dynamic content can be separated with Java beans and JSP tags Servlets Servlets enable the running of classes in the server based on client inputs Transaction Language 1 is an ASCII-based management protocol widely used in telecommunications for managing the telecom infrastructure. TL1 is ASCII based and SO it can be used as a human-to-machine and a machine-to-machine language v1, v2c, v3 SNMP is the most widely used management protocol, defining the communication mechanism between the managed entities and the m