 have begun to provide mobile data services as well, offering everything from short message services, to e-mail and mobile Internet access. Most importantly, these are the companies that control the mobile network infrastructure which enable access to mobile Internet and voice services. The Ultimate Guide to Building and Delivering OSS/BSS mCommerce providers can be mobile operators, but more specifically they are the companies that provide specialized mobile data and Internet applications, such as mobile-specific Web portals and wireless e-mail. These companies will take on many forms, most of which remain to be seen since this market is just beginning to emerge. The key here is that these companies will define the ways in which the Internet and eBusiness in general are extended to and enabled for various mobile devices and mobile users. Some of the factors that still limit mCommerce's growth are a lack of highly functional mobile Internet devices in use. Though many are commercially available, only a small, albeit growing, percentage subscribers use such devices. Other issues are limited data bandwidth on mobile networks and inconsistent network technologies from provider to provider. This latter issue is mainly a problem in the United States; In Europe this technology is more standardized. Dependent on OSS and One Another These IIC business models, though diverse, are bound together by several key elements. First, each needs at least some of the others as suppliers, customers or partners in order to support and fill out their service offerings. For example, many ISPs need DSL wholesalers to provide DSL infrastructure and relationships with ILECs. They also need NSPs to provide direct, robust access to the Internet and other transport services for their customers' traffic. Similarly, cable companies rely on NSPs for Internet services and entertainment content providers for television offerings. With equal access rules in effect, cable companies also supply Internet service providers with customer-reaching infra