of data that identify the server, the folder location, and other information indicating the location of information on the Internet. USF (Universal Service Fund) www.TechnicalPDF.com Used to fulfill the commitment made by the United States government to affordable universal telephone service to all residential consumers. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 expanded universal service to rural healthcare organizations, libraries, and educational institutions for Internet access, inside wiring, and computers. The library and educational subsidies are a part of universal service known as the e- rate. Every interstate carrier, cell phone, and paging company must pay a percentage of its interstate and international revenues to the fund. A separate fund, The Connect America Fund, has been established for residential broadband. UTP (Unshielded Twisted-Pair) Most inside telephones and computers are connected to one another via unshielded twisted-pair copper cabling. The twists in the copper cables cut down on the electrical interference of signals carried on pairs of wire near one another and near electrical equipment. UWB (Ultra-Wideband) A wireless service that supports higher data rates than RFID and can be used for some of the same applications. However, widespread adoption is held up by a lack of an agreed-upon standard. It is also used by the military and by governments for tracking and for finding people trapped under rubble. VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) Groups of devices programmed in Layer 2 switches for special treatment in enterprise networks. They are not grouped together in physical networks; rather, they are grouped together in software for common treatment and programming purposes. They are "virtual" networks that act as if they were separate LANs. VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) www.TechnicalPDF.com The process of sending voice traffic in packets on IP- based data networks. VoIP digitizes analog voice, compresses it, and puts it into packets at the sending end. The receiving end does the reverse.