ensuring that the new standard enhanced their business interests. Packetised Data Communications Two approaches emerged for the system architecture of the new packet-switched systems. Both methods broke down the processes involved in communicating messages. The former methods resulted in the development of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) and the latter Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Both of these approaches support a number of 'protocols' and provide for a comprehensive control of communications to ensure that packets of data are correctly received. The OSI model was based on 'virtual circuits' and was favoured by 'monopoly' service operators and computer equipment manufacturers. In this approach data transmission followed a packet-switched system, however an 'end-to-end' virtual connection was made over which packets travelled. The TCP/IP approach was 'connectionless' and was favoured by a number of computer scientists and researchers. The latter formed the International Networking Working Group (INWG) in 1972 and developed a standard based on a connectionless datagram, 'with no relationship established between sender and receiver. Things just go separately, one by one [9]. A final agreement on specifi- cation was presented to the CCITT, a precursor of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), an agency of the United Nations in 1975. The proposal was defeated by the CCITT whose members at the time were mostly telecommunications engineers. A committee comprising telecommunications engineers and computer companies set about to standardise packet-switched communications under the auspices of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO). The new committee set out to define an open working approach to gather input from all stakeholders, in the process formulating a seven-layer architecture into which different computer communication tasked were divided. Their approach connected computers with computers as peers allowing communications between devices made by diffe