al databases, modern JavaScript frameworks-all tools and languages that most developers already understand. Extensive support is provided to enable development of web-based applications with a consistent digital experience. The portal, along with its software development toolkit (Figure 7.7), takes care of many functions needed by any web-based ONAP application, relieving the application developers of the burden of creating these. Among these functions are the following: single sign-on authentication; role-based authorization; security functions; required logging and auditing; and dashboard capabilities. For applications that are being newly built, the toolkit provides many potentially useful features that developers may wish to use in building their applications, such as the following: analytical and reporting engines, visualization and mapping tools (graphical information systems [GIS]), work- flow and rules engines, network simulation, chat/video chat/screen sharing, etc. Not every applica- tion will need every component in the toolkit, of course, but these software components will be useful in many applications. These components have been hardened in production web applications, but they have been modernized and integrated into the ONAP portal toolkit for use by developers. One of our goals in creating the ONAP portal is to make the application onboarding process- where applications are made accessible via the portal-as smooth and painless as possible. Existing mature applications-even required third-party applications-can be integrated quickly as plug-ins to the control panel. Over time, the level of integration of the applications with the portal can be increased, as business needs dictate. While the ONAP portal serves as the control panel, the ONAP applications themselves that plug into the portal are not hosted by the portal. This allows application developers the freedom to work independently, eliminating development bottlenecks, while at the same time providing a seamless experience to users of the port