uires the use of an energy dependent damage function. However, in many cases, the biggest challenge to the satellite designer is to identify a laboratory radiation test that provides an accurate indication of the on-orbit performance to be expected for a given device or subsystem. In the case studies to follow, we will find that the radiation response of a device is very application specific, and that it is sometimes nontrivial to design a relevant laboratory radiation test. 3.0 PROTON DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE CASE STUDIES 3.1 Introduction The following case studies provide examples of the analysis tools presented in Section 2.0, and illustrate the range of issues that can arise in the attempt to assess on- orbit performance based on laboratory radiation test programs and displacement damage analysis. The device types represented are those of current interest for which displacement damage issues can be significant. Of course, the complete assessment of a device or technology for use in a space environment demands that all radiation induced degradation be considered including total ionizing dose (TID) and single-event effect (SEE) issues from protons and heavy ions, as appropriate. In some cases, devices that are sensitive to displacement damage also have a noticeable TID response. In general, a good engineering radiation assessment of on-orbit displacement damage effects can be made based on the results of laboratory tests at a proton accelerator. As discussed in section 2.3.3 and 2.4, proton test energies should be wisely chosen based on the shielded proton environment at the device of interest. In this case, the effects of both displacement damage and TID are simulated reasonably well. 3.2 Laboratory Radiation Test Issues For any application where displacement damage is expected to produce significant degradation, it is important to perform a proton radiation test in addition to the routine Co-60 TID evaluation. In some cases (e.g., CCDs), the combination of limited device availability and time-consuming measurement