s, 269-70 (CEN/CENELEC), 12 asymmetrical (ADSL), 273-75 European organizations, 11-12 benefits, 270 European PDH, 164-65 consumer, 271-72 illustrated, 165 defined, 269 principle, 164 high-bit-rate, 272 See also Plesiochronous digital hierarchy ISDN, 271-72 (PDH) in local loop, 270 European radio messaging system rate-adaptive (RADSL), 276 (ERMES), 203 symmetric (SDSL), 275-77 European Telecommunications Standards techniques, 271 Institute (ETSI), 12 technology summary, 276-77 Exchanges, 33-34 very-high-bit-rate (VDSL), 276 CAS between, 35 See also Access methods CCS between, 36 Dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) defined, 33 signaling, 27 signaling between, 22 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol signaling between telephone and, 24-30 (DHCP), 330 signaling principles, 34 Earphone, 23 SPC, 34 Echo canceller (EC), 29, 216 trunk, 46 Electromagnetic spectrum, 138-41 Extended binary coded decimal interchange Electronic Industries Association (EIA), 13 code (EBCDIC), 258 Encoding, 151 Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), 317 Encryption, GSM, 227 Extra high frequency (EHF), 140 Enhanced data rate in GSM evolution Facsimile transmission, 267 (EDGE), 228 Fast Ethernet, 296-97 Equipment identity register (EIR), 215 coding schemes, 297 Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), defined, 296 network topology, 296 Erlang, 67 specifications, 297 Ethernet See also Ethernet autonegotiation, 297-98 Federal Communications Commission coaxial network, 285 (FCC), 13 collision detection, 289 Fiber cable access, 280 defined, 283 Fiber distributed digital interface fast, 296-97 (FDDI), 283 frame structure, 285-88 File transfer protocol (FTP), 327-28 Gigabit, 298-99 Fixed delay tolerance, 79-80 illustrated, 282 Frame alignment word (FAW), 161 multiple-access scheme, 284 Frame relay, 342 network, upgrade path of, 299-300 Free-space loss, 141-43 switched, switches and bridges, 294-95 illustrated, 142 twisted-pair, 292-94 results, 142 See also Local area networks (LANs) Introduction to Telecommunications Network Engineering Frequencies, 82-83 PCUs, 230,