all the standards activities on its behalf. CEPT cations Services and Equipment, on 30 June 1987 stated that, for a still maintained the Technical Recommendations Application Com- community-wide open competitive terminal equipment and service- mittee (TRAC), formed in 1986, to approve standards for connec- S market, 'a substantial reinforcement of resources applied to stand- tion of equipment to public networks. ardisation is a necessary requirement.' The Green Paper went on to indicate the importance of forming a European Telecommunications Standards Institute, which was 22.4.2.2 CEPT organisation jointly financed and which, 'based on a small core team of perma- nent staff and independently managed according to best business CEPT was set up when the PTTs and other public network operators practice, should draw flexibly on experts from both the Telecom- worked in a monopolistic environment. This is rapidly changing, munications Administrations and industry, in order substantially to with the introduction of service providers in many areas, such as accelerate the elaboration of standards and technical specifications.' electronic mail and satellite based services. In a bid to improve its At the meeting of CEPT Director Generals, held in London standing CEPT reorganised, in February 1990, to form several new between 14 - 15 January 1988, the proposals of the Green Paper groups. These are: were accepted, and the meeting decided to set up the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The starting date The European Telecommunications Network Operators group for ETSI was set at 31 March 1988, which was subsequently met. (ETNO). The prime aim of this group is to obtain the most The first meeting of the Technical Assembly was held in June 1988. favourable commercial, regulatory and technical terms for its members. The Commercial Action Committee (CAC) within CEPT has the responsibility for making the organisation more 22.4.3.2 ETSI aims open in its outlook, and in April 1990 it organised its first meeting in