nologies for IMT-2020 to be available in early 2021. The NGMN Alliance is an industry organization of leading worldwide telecom opera- tors, vendors, and research institutes. Founded in 2006 by international telecom opera- tors, its objective is to ensure that the functionality and performance of NGMN infras- tructure, service platforms, and devices will meet the requirements of operators and, ultimately, will satisfy end user demand and expectations. Driven by the profound interest of operators to make 5G truly global, free of fragmen- tation, and open for innovations, NGMN established the 5G Initiative in 2014 to put together their vision for 5G. Led by a core team of operators, the NGMN 5G Initiative, despite accommodating considerations for different market contexts and business pri- orities, successfully put together use cases, requirements, and architecture design prin- ciples for 5G in an "NGMN 5G White Paper" [6]. Endorsed by 21 operators, i.e., AT&T, Bell, British Telecom, China Mobile, Deutsche Telekom, KPN, Korea Telecom, NTT DOCOMO, Orange, Singtel, SK Telecom, TELE2, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, Telekom Austria Group, TeliaSonera, Telstra, Telus, Turkcell, VompelCom, and Vodafone, the white paper was published on March 2015. 2 5G Targets and Standardization According to NGMN: 5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation towards customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases, delivered with consistent experience, and enabled by sustain- able business models. As such, the envelope of network capabilities in terms of throughput, lower latency, and higher connection density needs to be greatly expanded. To cope with a wide range of use cases and business models, a high degree of flexibility and scalability needs to be embedded by design. Business orientation and economic incentives with a foundational shift in cost, energy, and operational efficiency should make 5G feasible and sustainable. 2.3.1 NGMN 5G Use Cases In addition to 