rmance, being written in python, it is not much faster, though light to implement but not highly scalable. Being written in python is actually not a disadvantage when seen through a single perspective. But as soon as comparison is made between the various parameters of a controller. RYU falls back because of the less scalability and swiftness. In similarity to other SDN controllers, the RYU controller also can form and forward packets memos, can hear over any conversations made through asynchronous events like flow_removed, handle incoming and outgoing packets over the web and parse them simultaneously. Figure 4 clearly indicates the simple architecture of RYU. Working of RYU In this module, a Ryu application is written, that makes OpenFlow switches work as a data link layer. Ryu application being a module of Python has the property of defining a sub-class Pryu.base.app_manager.RyuApp' (Sridhar Rao, 1994). The app manager chooses the first module by name if there are more than two such classes defined in a module. There is a concept of singleton classes which says that a class can only have a single object. Hence assistance is provided to only one object of this controller. Downloaded 4/15/2022 9:44:49 AM Nova Southeastern University IP Address: 137.52.76.29 The Heart and Brain of SDN Figure 4. Architecture of RYU OpenStack-Neutron agent and OF-REST RYU APPLICATIONS Built-In Applications App-Manager Core Processes: Event Ryu-Manager Management, State Management etc. Openflow-Controller Libraries Openflow Protocol OVSDB OFCONFIG NETCONF XFLOW 3rd Party It inherits from the base class app_manager.RyuApp. The name of switch which we will refer further is HeySwitch. from ryu.base import app manager from ryu.controller import ofp_event from ryu.controller.handler import MAINDISPATCHER from ryu.controller. Handler import set_ev_cls class HeySwitch (appmanager.RyuApp) : def init (self, *args, **kwargs) : super (HeySwitch, self) . init (*args, **kwargs) Like a ticket is raised in a service station for getting our work do