Pro by SPi Global, Chennai, India Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CRO 4YY 10 9 8 7 3 2 1 Contents List of Contributors Foreword xix Preface xxi Acknowledgment xxiii Introduction 1 Harri Holma, Antti Toskala, Takehiro Nakamura, and Tommi Uitto Introduction 1 5G Targets 3 5G Technology Components 3 5G Spectrum 5G Capabilities 5G Capacity Boost 5G Standardization and Schedule 5G Use Cases Evolution Path from LTE to 5G Mobile Data Traffic Growth Summary Reference 11 5G Targets and Standardization Hiroyuki Atarashi, Mikio Iwamura, Satoshi Nagata, Takehiro Nakamura, and Antti Toskala Introduction 13 ITU 13 2.2.1 IMT Vision for 2020 and Beyond 14 2.2.2 Standardization of IMT-2020 Radio Interface Technologies NGMN 17 2.3.1 NGMN 5G Use Cases 2.3.2 NGMN 5G Requirements 2.3.3 NGMN 5G Architecture Design Principles 20 2.3.4 Spectrum, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), and Further Recommendations by NGMN 21 3GPP Schedule and Phasing References 25 Contents Technology Components Harri Holma Introduction 27 Spectrum Utilization 3.2.1 Frequency Bands 3.2.2 Bandwidth Options 3.2.3 Spectrum Occupancy 3.2.4 Control Channel Flexibility 3.2.5 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Beamforming 31 Flexible Physical Layer and Protocols 3.4.1 Flexible Numerology 3.4.2 Short Transmission Time and Mini-slot 3.4.3 Self-Contained Subframe 3.4.4 Asynchronous HARQ 3.4.5 Lean Carrier 3.4.6 Adaptive Reference Signals 3.4.7 Adaptive UE Specific Bandwidth 3.4.8 Distributed MIMO 3.4.9 Waveforms 39 3.4.10 Channel Coding 3.4.11 Pipeline Processing and Front-Loaded Reference Signals 3.4.12 Connected Inactive State 3.4.13 Grant-Free Access 3.4.14 Cell Radius of 300 Network Slicing Dual Connectivity with LTE Radio Cloud and Edge Computing Summary Reference 47 Spectrum 49 Harri Holma and Takehiro Nakamura Introduction 49 Millimeter Wave Spectrum Above 20 GHz Mid-Band Spectrum at 3.3-5.0 GHz and at 2.6 GHz Low-Band Spectrum Below 3 GHz Unlicensed Band Shared Band 3GPP Frequency Variants Summary References 64 5G Architecture Antti Toskala and Miikka Po