ould facilitate IP connectivity via BGP, which is used for inter-AS routing, or DNS, which is used to "connect" the two name spaces in the Internet, IP addresses and domain names. Such measurements system of the NRA also needs to use different servers to set up and control Internet measurements, as well as to collect, store, process, and present the results (Figure 8.4). 8.6 Network Neutrality Approaches There is no clear global consensus or one best approach to deal with network neutrality. Countries have taken different approaches to the regulation; however, the birthplace of the Internet, the United States, and the home of the 3GPP mobile networks, Europe, in fact define the shape of network neutrality in the massively dominant IP-based telecom world. Therefore this section further covers network neutrality approaches in Europe and the United States. 8.6.1 Network Neutrality Approach in Europe In 2013 the European Commission proposed a Telecoms Single Market (TSM) Regula- tion to the European Parliament, where network neutrality was an important part of the proposed legislation. Later, in November 2015, the European Parliament and the Coun- cil enacted Regulation EU 2015/2120 [10]. This regulation (2015/2120) provides the first European network neutrality rules, which have been applied since April 2016. The key elements include the following: Rights of end-users. End-users have the right to access and distribute information and content, use and provide applications and services, and use terminal equipment of their choice, irrespective of the end-user's or provider's location or the location, ori- gin, or destination of the information, content, application, or service, via their IAS. Traffic management. Providers of IAS are not prevented from implementing reason- able traffic management measures. However, to be reasonable, such measures should be transparent, non-discriminatory, and proportionate. Also, the measures should not be based on commercial considerations, but on objectively different technical QoS re