mmunications) technology, 154 office productivity applications, 158 NICs (network interface cards), 40 moving online, 33 Nigeria, 409-412 Oi mobile operator (Brazil), 405 mobile providers in, 411 On2 Technologies, Inc., 17 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Ooyala, 285 (NTT), 271 Open Internet Regulations, 296 Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT), 199 operating systems Nividia Corporation, 349 applications coded to, 34 NOCs (network operations centers), 184, 186, 208 IP servers, 78 Index operating systems (Contd.) pay-TV services, 109, 283 LAN NOS (Netowork Operating System), 61 PBXs (private branch exchanges) server virtualization and, 35 circuit-switched proprietary PBXs, 86 optical carrier (OC), 171 CSU/DSU cards, 249 optical transport network. See OTN PCCW Ltd (Hong Kong), 376 Optus, 393 PCS (personal communication service), 380 Oracle PDSN (packet data service node), 331 CRM software, 95 peering locations, 122 Salesforce.com, 54 peering points, 271 Orange SA., 417 routing of traffic at, 272 Orkut (India), 287 peering sites, 271 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing security at, 206 See OFDM Perceptual Audio Coder (PAC), 47 OSI layers, 48-50 performance of broadband services, 219 OSI (Open System Interconnection) architecture, 24 personal communication service (PCS), 380 OTN (optical transport network), 171, 175 Peru, 396 backup technology for MANs, 187 petabytes, 19 outage reports required by FCC, 205 PGW (packet data network gateway), 343 overbuilders, 144 phantom traffic, 122 over-the-top (OTT) companies, 140 Philippines, 392 versus cable operators, 282-285 use of mobile services, 218 connections to cable TV and telco broadband Physical Layer (OSI), 48 customers, 130-132 picocells, 350 VoIP providers, 220 with centralized management and multi-site distribution, 351 PingTone, 93 PINs (positive intrinsic negatives), 44 PaaS (Platform as a Service), 29, 31 plain old telephone service (POTS) Pacific Telesis, 111 decline of revenues from, 180 packet data network gateway (PGW), 343 DLC support of, 2