 resource control toward the UE. For example, the estab- lishment of radio bearers with certain quality of service (QoS) characteristics, the control of UE measurements, or the control of handovers is supported by RRC. Other short time-scale radio resource controls toward the UE are implemented via the MAC layer or the physical layer control signaling (e.g., the signaling of assigned resources and transport formats via physical layer control channels). The services are provided to the UE in terms of evolved packet system (EPS) bearers. The packets belonging to the same EPS bearer get the same end-to-end C 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Architecture and Protocol Support for RRM treatment in the network. A finite set of possible QoS profiles-in other words, packet treatment characteristics-is defined and are identified by so-called labels. A label identifies a certain set of packet treatment characteristics (i.e., scheduling weights, radio protocol configurations such as RLC acknowledge or unacknowledge mode, hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ] parameters, etc.). Each EPS bearer is associated with a particular QoS class (i.e., with a particular QoS label). There are primarily two main bearer types: guaranteed bit rate (GBR) and non-GBR bearers. For GBR bearers, the network guarantees a certain bit rate to be available for the bearer at any time. The bearers, both GBR and non-GBR, are further characterized by a maximum bit rate (MBR), which limits the maximum rate that the network will provide for the given bearer. The end-to-end EPS bearer can be further broken down into a radio bearer and an access bearer. The radio bearer is between the UE and the eNode B, and the access bearer is between the eNode B and the GW. The access bearer determines the QoS that the packets get on the transport network; the radio bearer determines the QoS treatment on the radio interface. From an RRM point of view, the radio bearer QoS is in our focus because the RRM functions should ensure that the treat- ment that the packets ge