ies (Home Location Register/Visitor Location Register), accounting and billing services, SMS gateways, call servers, and SO on-are already in place. However, these are not easy to utilize in new applications because they are not exposed using standardized frameworks and component models. Toward this, Telecom operators are steadily adopting SOA that would let developers access these services without knowledge of the underlying platform implementation. Web services, as an instantiation of SOA, have received much interest in the com- munity due to their potential in facilitating seamless business-to-business or enter- prise application integration. The Parlay consortium has defined a standard, called Parlay-X[4], that exposes Web service interface for core Telecom functionalities. On similar lines, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) [6] provides a reference framework to expose these functionalities as services to Web-engineered systems using SIP [7]. Although efforts like Parlay-X and IMS are a step in the right direction, the rapid development of applications that utilize Telecom functionality still faces a number of challenges in a realistic setting. First, one needs to provide interfaces that Service Composition and Control shield the converged service developer from different Telecom protocols (Parlay-X, SIP, etc.), including the legacy ones. Second, one needs to package the Telecom functionalities SO that they can be readily used in different programming styles (Java, HTML/JavaScript, etc.) other than pure Web service-based composition (e.g., BPEL). Finally, one also needs to encapsulate the invocation of Telecom functional- ity with various coordination rules, for example, those that correspond to managing the usage of a service, including monitoring, metering, and access control. In this section, we focus on the above challenges and present SewNet-a frame- work that addresses these to enable rapid composition of Telecom services. In addition, we also provide a survey of related art in this space. SewNet is a servi