 across countries, operators, and mobile terminals. OMA is not directly linked with network or element management, but it does have standards on mobile device management and some levels of service management. OMA works with other standardizing bodies like 3GPP and 3GPP2 to improve interoperability and decrease operational costs for all involved. Web site: www.openmobilealliance.org 7.11 SNIA (Storage Networking Industry Association) Storage network management is also an important area in converged space along with enterprise and telecom network management. SNIA develops and promotes standards on storage networking and information management. It was incorporated in 1997 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California with regional affiliates around the globe. In addition to standards, SNIA also works on conducting events for developing and promoting technologies and educational services. The activities of SNIA are performed by its Technical Work Groups (TWGs). Standardizing Bodies One of the key specifications of SNIA in storage management is storage man- agement initiative specification (SMI-S). It offers methods that would facilitate interoperability and management of heterogeneous storage area network (SAN). The interoperable interface and messaging is achieved using XML on an object- oriented paradigm. Web site: www.snia.org 7.12 Conclusion This chapter provides an overview on some of the standardizing bodies in telecom management. Their structure and activities are touched upon to give basic famil- iarity about the organizations. There are many more organizations and alliance forums that work on developing standards in network management. DSL Forum, Optical Interworking Forum (OIF), and MultiService Switching Forum (MSF) are just a few names of the bodies that were not covered in this chapter. This chapter is intended to give the reader information on what forum to research when looking for a specific standard, to participate in developing standards on a specific domain, and to join a forum as a corporate o