guarantee pre-determined levels of QoS and quality to public UMTS ops Private and residential The radio access scheme should be suitable for low cost applica- operators tions where range, mobility and user speed may be limited Multiple unsynchronized systems should be able to successfully co-exist in the same environment It should be possible to install base stations without co-ordination Frequency planning should not be needed Efficient spectrum usage Spectrum efficiency High spectrum efficiency for typical mixtures of different bearer services Spectrum efficiency at least as good as GSM for low bit rate speech Variable asymmetry of Variable division of radio resource between up-link and down- total band usage link resources from a common pool (NB: this division could be in either frequency, time, or code domains) Spectrum utilization Allow multiple operators to use the band allocated to UMTS without co-ordination It should be possible to operate the UTRA in any suitable fre- quency band that becomes available such as first and second gen- eration system's bands Coverage/capacity The system should be flexible to support a variety of initial coverage/capacity configurations and facilitate coverage/capacity evolution Flexible use of various cell types and relations between cells (e.g. indoor cells, hierarchical cells) within a geographical area without undue waste of radio resources Ability to support cost effective coverage in rural areas Mobile terminal viability Hand-portable and PCM-CIA card sized UMTS terminals should be viable in terms of size, weight, operating time, range, effective radiated power and cost Network complexity and The development and equipment cost should be kept at a reason- able level, taking into account cell site cost, cross-connect, signal- ling load and traffic overhead (e.g. due to handovers) The feasibility of spectrum sharing requires further study. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology Mobile station types It should be possible to provide a variety of mobile station types of