which services they want to use. As usual, with every choice comes the responsibility for having such choice. So, OTT providers also impact broadband and ultra-broadband development. In fact, they have the highest impact on the end-user's needs for broadband and ultra-broadband access. Why? Because without the OTT services, broadband or ultra-broadband Internet access would be useless. Of course, we would have telephony and television (with much higher picture resolution with ultra-broadband access) and other QoS-enabled services provided by telecom operators (e.g. VPN services for business users), typically on a national level. So, one may state that the OTT service providers and the telecom operators are complementary. Overall, considering broad- band and ultra-broadband access, the telecom operators are providing the high-quality "infrastructures," while OTT service providers are producing the Internet "vehicles" to be used on such ultra-broadband "highways." References 1 ANSI T1.413 issue 2 (1998). Network and Customer Installation Interfaces - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Metallic Interface. Ansi. 2 ITU-T Recommendation G.992.1, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) transceivers, 1999. 3 ITU-T Recommendation G.992.2, Splitterless Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) transceivers, June 1999. 4 QoS for Fixed Ultra-Broadband 4 ITU-T Recommendation G.992.3, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Transceivers 2 (ADSL2), 2009. 5 ITU-T Recommendation G.993.5, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 2 Transceivers (ADSL2) - Extended Bandwidth ADSL2 (ADSL2plus), 2009. 6 ITU-T Recommendation G.9700, Fast Access to Subscriber Terminals (G.fast) - Power Spectral Density Specification, 2014. 7 ITU-T Recommendation G.993.2, Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line Transceivers 2 (VDSL2), 2015. 8 ITU-T Recommendation G.9701, Fast Access to Subscriber Terminals (G.fast) - Physical Layer Specification, 2014. 9 CableLabs, The Evolution of DOCSIS, https://www.cablelabs.com/full-duplex-docsis, accessed in March 2018