satellite services and use customised applications. The choice of a nationally owned satellite infrastructure, for example the Australian government-owned NBN, vis-à-vis a Technology privately owned international infrastructure such as O3b or Inmarsat depends on many factors. The technology-business- policy (TBP) framework can be used to make a decision as different satellite configurations and technologies lead to different cost and performance figures. The range of services required by a government, from nationwide broadband telecommunications to security and military applications, are important in the final decision. Positioning Satellites One's coordinates on the ground in combination with accurate maps have long been of great importance to commerce and governance. Accuracy of positioning measurement grew in importance from the 15th century as shipping for trade and conquest gathered pace. Ships at sea did not have any reference point to accurately measure their position and this in many instances led to shipwrecks when coming to shore. Any point on Earth can be uniquely North pole specified by its latitude (its north-south position) and longitude (its east-west position) with respect to a reference point [18]. Latitude can be accurately measured Equator with reference to the sun, however longi- tude measurement had to rely on the posi- tions of the moon, planets and stars and its accuracy was insufficient. In fact the South Pole Prime Meridian British parliament enacted a prize in 1714 to the value of £20 000 (£2.5 million in 2014 money) to anyone who could determine the posi- tion of a ship to within 56 km accuracy. This was the latest in similar prizes that had been offered by Spain and the Netherlands in 1567 and 1598, respectively, for the same purpose. Satellite Communications The Longitude Prize was finally won by John Harrison, a clockmaker who managed to build a very accurate chronometer. The premise of his solution was that if one can measure the time accurately, then the time difference at noon wit