uency errors in UEs and base stations. If higher UE speeds are required, then multiple DRMSs per slot should be utilized. Figure 10.72 shows the link throughput with different number of DMRS and different UE speeds. 16-QAM modulation is used here. Two DMRSs are fine for 120 and 240 km/h, while four DMRSs are required for 500 km/h. The results also show that more DRMSs degrade throughput for 120 km/h because the DMRS takes resources away from data transmission. Therefore, the number of DMRS should be low for low-to-medium UE speeds, and more DMRS should only be used for very-high-speed UEs. 10 5G Performance Figure 10.73 Summary of 5G radio target Latency capabilities. 10 Gbps Peak rate 100 Mbps Anywhere, anytime 1000x efficiency Energy efficiency 10 000x more capacity Compared to 2010 100 000 connected devices Per km2 1 000 000 IoT device density Per km2 10.14 Summary 5G mobile networks will have huge capabilities in terms of data rate, capacity, latency, and reliability. The target 5G capabilities are summarized in Figure 10.73. Designing net- works with such high targets will be different compared to LTE networks. This chapter illustrated 5G performance characteristics and the main factors affecting the perfor- mance and its optimization. References 1 NGMN white paper about 5G requirements, 2015. https://www.ngmn.org/fileadmin/ ingmn/content/downloads/Technical/2015/NGMN_5G_White_Paper_V1_0.pdf 2 ITU-R 5G requirements, 2015. http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M 12083-0-201509-I!!PDF-E.pdf "Performance characteristics of 5G mm Wave wireless-to-the-home", Frederick W Vook; Eugene Visotsky; Timothy A. Thomas; Amitava Ghosh, 2016 50th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Year: 2016 4 Shannon, C.E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal 27, pp. 379-423, 623-656. 5 3GPP Technical Specifications 38.214 "Physical layer procedures for data", 2019. 6 Khlass, A., Laselva. D. and Järvelä. R. "On the Flexible and Performance-Enhancing Radio Resource C