theorem, see Theorem Bean machine, 34 Books arranging on a shelve, 8-10 distribution, 29-30 Boolean state, see State gate, see Gate System Technical Journal (BSTJ), 85, 87 function, 378 Bennet, C.H., 556, 558 logic, 76, 283 BER, see Bit error rate operators/operations, 76, 291, Berger, Vincent, xxi Bernoulli distribution, see Probability variable, 11 Beta probability distribution, see Probability Binary Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes, see digit, see Bit number, 128 Einstein distribution, see Probabilty pseudo (-), 132, 133 Bra, 334 system, 128 Brassard, G., 556 Binomial Brillouin, L., 285 coefficient, 10, 25, 171 Brownian motion, 286 distribution, see Probability Bruen, A. A., 246, 258 Birefringence, 548 Brute-force attack, see Cryptosystem Birthday (sharing), 14 Byte, 129 Bit, xvii, 43, 44, 128, 304 ancilla (-), 301 Caillet, X., xxi classical, 306, 357, 366 Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) error correction control (-), 209 code, see Quantum error correction error, 32 Capacity error rate, see Bit error rate classical channel (-), see Channel capacity errored (-), 209 quantum channel (-), see Quantum channel flip channel, see Quantum channel Cards (pulling), 16-17 parity (-), 210 Carry, 295 payload (-), 210 CARRY gate, 299, 300, 325 phase-flip channel, see Quantum channel rate, 210 Schrödinger's (-), 307 redundancy (-), 209 state, see State single (-) error, 215 Cauchy probability distribution, see Probability soft (-), 225 Cbit, 367, 369, 449 undetected (-) error, 216 CCNOT gate, 299, 320, 323-5 Index CD, 592-3 Closure relation, see Completeness CD-ROM, 593, 597 CLT, see Theorem Cdma2000, 225 Compact (UNIX), 199 Cellular telephony (GSM), 594 CNOT gate, 293, 299, 316-18, 362, 365, 368, 372, Central 374, 375, 387, 389, 497, 504, 519, 637 limit theorem, see Theorem CNRS, xxi office, 563 Co-prime, see Number Chain rule, 73, 78, 79, 81 Code (see also Coding) Chaitin, G., 96, 122 algorithm V, 192, 200 Channel attack, see Cryptosystem asymmetric (-) with non-overlapping outputs, breaking, 524, 525 236, 251 cracking, 525,