(virtual reality) virtualization, 43-44 cloud computing and, 43-44 containers, 45-47 www.TechnicalPDF.com energy savings, 43 hardware failure, impact of, 89 management of, 44-45 network functions virtualization, 92 NFV (Network Function Virtualization), 177 CORD (Central Office Re-architected as a Data Center), 181-184 implementation of, 182-184 Open Source MANO (Management and Organization), 179-181 OTNs (Optical Transport Networks), 192 VNFs (virtual network functions), 178-179 scalability, 43 VDI (Virtual Desktop Integration), 90-91 virtual machines, 42-43, 44-45 Virtual Private Cloud, 44 VLANs (virtual LANs), 75, 103, 121 VPNs (Virtual Private Networks), 53-54 viruses, black day, 244 Visible World, 134 Visio, 165 Vizio, 307 VLANs (virtual LANs) definition of, 75, 121 prioritizing voice and video on, 103 VMware, Inc.43 VNFs (virtual network functions), 178-179 V-NOVA PERSEUS, 33 VOD (video-on-demand). See streaming media Voice over LTE (VoLTE), 345-347 Voice Response Units. See VRUs (Voice Response Units) VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), 28-29, 231. See also IP PBX (Private Branch Exchange) advantages of, 100-101 www.TechnicalPDF.com DID (Direct Inward Dialing), 106 ICC (Intercarrier Compensation) fees, 140 impact on traditional carriers, 234 IP PBX (Private Branch Exchange), 99 advantages of, 100 DID (Direct Inward Dialing), 106 hosted systems, 110-111 manufacturers, 100-101 media gateways, 104-105 power sources, 105 protocols, 118-120 residential versus enterprise services, 231-234 security, 101-102 SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), 105-106 voice QoS (quality of service), 101-102 VoLTE (Voice over LTE), 345-347 Vonage, 233 VPNs (Virtual Private Networks), 53-54 IP VPNs (Internet Protocol Virtual Private Networks), 238-239 advantages and disadvantages, 239-240 security, 240-243 MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching), 235 VR (virtual reality), 34-35 HMDs (head-mounted displays), 35-36 technical and content availability challenges, 37 VRUs (Voice Response Units), 114-115 digital assistant software, 117-118 