. 10. The SMF then initiates an N4 Session Establishment/Modification Request to the UPF. This is the message that provides details about the packet detection, enforcement, and reporting rules that the UPF will install for this particular PDU Session. The UPF acknowledges the message sent by SMF and provides the installation status of each rule that was sent by SMF to be installed on the UPF. 11. The SMF then sends a Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer message to AMF. This message carries information for the consumption of the AMF and also some information that will be sent further to the RAN(N2) and UE(N1). Some of the information that SMF sends across to the AMF and GNB is as follows: PDU Session ID QFI(s) QoS Profile(s) CN Tunnel Info S-NSSAI from the Allowed NSSAI Session-AMBR PDU Session Type User Plane Security Enforcement information UE Integrity Protection Maximum Data Rate The following is some of the information to be carried to the UE: PDU Session Establishment Accept QoS Rule(s) QoS flow level Selected SSC mode S-NSSAI(s) 5G Standalone Networks Allocated IPv4 address Interface identifier Session-AMBR Selected PDU Session Type Reflective QoS Timer (if available) P-CSCF addresses 12. The AMF sends the N2 PDU Session Request to RAN. This contains the information it received from the SMF. 13. The gNB then sends the UE the important information the SMF has sent, such as its IP address in the PDU Session Establishment Accept message and the other details mentioned in Step 11. 14. The gNB then sends an N2 PDU Session Response to the AMF. This message will also contain the N3 tunnel information that will be used by the UPF to send data traffic. 15. The AMF sends a PDU Session Update SM Context Request to SMF. It sends the information it received from the RAN previously. 16. The SMF will initiate an N4 Session Modification Procedure to the UPF, where the N3 tunnel information is conveyed to the UPF. The UPF sends an N4 Session Modification Response to the SMF as a response. At this time, the downlink path f