Models Telecom business Deregulation Intensified Consolidation of operators National Business environment non-regional legacy operators Diversification of small operators changing competition Processes Company specific New services Process OSS/BSS and processes standardization processes Software vendors Operators' Software service Horizontal software companies IT department Providers and integrators Open source companies Hardware Specialized software spin-off Specialized telecom vendors companies software companies OSS/BSS software Operator Tailored software BSS / OSS Integration Bundled standard internal by IT service software services Telecom software software providers products Service delivery frameworks and platforms Network management software products by Middleware products hardware vendors Open source IP network management software software products Technology interfaces Mobile communication Standard communication Vendor Dominating technology standard technology hardware Specific fixed Line systems interface New technology introduction ITU Standards Adoption of New Technologies Fig. 1 The base-line scenario for OSS/BSS software market. The current situation is indicated with an ellipse-shaped shadow installed base (high volume of capital expenditure embedded in equipment to be demortalized, costs in upgrading and harmonizing heterogeneous technologies and systems etc.) and due to immaturity of replacing technologies and business models. This is visible on the CSP business side as the large legacy operators use in-house resources and external software services with wide competency portfolio to main- tain their legacy systems. Large IT service houses try to support this with TM Forum standardizing OSS/BSS systems. New operators are, in general, more willing and capable to adopt software products based on all-IP approach, but have to rely on their limited resources in building their own infrastructure or on regulation providing space for NVOs. Over half of new software system imple- mentations are based on s