 on video, which means telcos face many challenges ahead. The move to becoming a video provider means spending billions on network upgrades, rolling out services with unproven IPTV platforms, and navigating the difficult content acquisition process. Telcos are in transition, and the basic building blocks are there for the packet networks and transport needed to move video around. However, telcos will need to develop con- tent relations and appropriate bandwidth to support high-definition channels and interactivity with in-home wiring. According to the Consumer Electronics Associa- tion (www.ce.org), HDTV is the compelling device at retailers and the roadmap to the future, with IP driving it. Without it, telcos won't be able to compete. But key issues need attention, including the integration of billing and operational support systems. In addition, set-top manufacturers and other vendors must support the service, and new compression technologies and a new generation of set-top boxes will make a big difference. The transformation is under way, but telcos must have the right software, content streams, and security provisions, and that will take while. More and more small telcos, cities, and electric companies are deploying fiber delivery systems that will serve smaller communities, so we're likely to see many variations with telco TV. Mobile TV constitutes another new and fascinating approach to distributing television programming and entertainment content. Mobile is the fourth screen, after movies, TV, and the PC. Production costs for a big-budget film run about US$1 million per minute, while production costs for the mobile world range from US$2,000 to US$8,000 per minute. Set-top boxes are not only becoming more intelligent but will also interact with other devices, such as PDAs, mobile phones, and the Internet, to provide a truly flexible solution that allows local information (weather, traffic, news, and SO on) to be tailored to specific regions. Industry ana- lysts predict that broadcast mobile TV has undoubted