networking, 34-40 working groups, 2f functional splits, 20-28 xRAN, 7-8 members, 4, 5f Open Telecom IT Infrastructure (OTII), 149 network-level synchronization, 292-296 Open vRAN, 7-8 Open vRAN, 7-8 OpenFlow, 48 OpenRAN, 7-8 OpenRAN, 7-8 spectrum, 8-14 Operating band unwanted emissions (OBUE), 335 supported functional splits, 30-34 Operating System (OS), 117, 140, 183-197 synchronization, 273-290, 292 bare metal/RTOS vs. embedded Linux, 183 equipment requirements, 296-298 BBDEV and inter process communication, solution implementation, 298-302 194-196 system components, requirements, and boot process and application load, 183-185 interfaces, 43 buffer and memory management, 191-193 802. 1CM, 91-94 hardware acceleration model, 193-194 ASN. 1, 96-97 Linux and processor performance tuning, cell site router/gateway, 95 196-197 central unit, 48-59 long term support, 185-186 DiffServ, 97-101 realtime and timing, 186-191 distributed unit, 59-76 roll your own vs. commercial grade, 186 distributed unit/radio unit interface, Operation and Maintenance (OAM), 156, 172 Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface Operator acceptance testing, 345-346 protocol overview, 86 Opportunistic scheduler, 243-245 FHGW, 94 Oprofile, 319 form factor, environmental and power Optimization techniques requirements, 96 architectural framework for base station initial access, 87-91 wireless scheduler algorithm, 249-254 Multiprotocol Label Switching support for base station scheduler algorithms, 242-248 DiffServ, 101 OFDM(A), 237-242 next-generation radio access network, 43-48, subcarrier allocation, 240-241 software optimization techniques, 257-260 radio unit, 76-86 system-level optimization, 254-257 telecommunications infrastructure project, 7-8 Optimized hardware, 150-154 traditional base station architectures, 14-17 deeply integrated/embedded approach, 154f understanding frequency, time, syntonization, disaggregated approach, 155f and synchronization, 265-269 software defined approach, 156f frequency, 265-267 Orbiting satellites, 270 global naviga