y communication equipment installed in cars is used for remote car diagnostics, providing in-car entertainment or fleet tracking. Networking vehicles in a more integrated fashion will allow the transformation of the automotive environment in a more fundamental fashion. The target is to introduce public safety systems as, for example, specified in ETSI ITS, to provide the environment for self-driving cars, perform real-time management of traffic in cities, and last but not least to provide car and traffic related services to users. LTE-Advanced Pro is in a uniquely suitable position to support vehicular communi- cations, as it provides network coverage for vehicle-to-infrastructure or -to-pedestrian communication, enables D2D communications, and will support low latencies as speci- fied in ITS. The main application for V2V communication is enabling safety applications such as collision avoidance. V2I (infrastructure), V2N (network), and V2P (pedestrian) are other facets of this topic. These use cases are illustrated in Figure 16.22. A network-aiding vehicular com- munication may be accomplished by routing V2V communication via a base station, or 16 LTE-Advanced Evolution Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Figure 16.22 LTE for vehicular communications. by base stations broadcasting or group-casting traffic information to cars. The availabil- ity of LTE MEC solutions is very well suited to vehicular communications applications, for example, dynamic map retrieval or localized car traffic management. 16.3.8 Public Safety Current public safety networks such as TETRA or Project 25 (P25) support mission-critical voice communication, but are limited to narrowband data. Mobile broadband data can significantly help emergency services, for example, with live mobile video, situation-aware dispatching, and remote diagnostics. LTE, and later 5G, will be the solution for public safety data transfer initially, and also for voice later. The LTE standard includes solutions for public safety starting from Relea