 commercial 5G net- works to meet the demands for the extremely high peak data rates in the frequency ranges of 26 and 42 GHz. In Europe, the spectrum around 26 GHz has been identified as 5G pio- neer band and work is well underway in order to harmonize the frequency bands in Europe for 5G before WRC-19 through adoption of a harmonized band and to promote this band for worldwide use. The use of higher frequency bands for early and commercial deploy- ments of 5G can be summarized as follows [30,40,46]: Table 5: Candidate spectrum for 5G new radio [48]. Region Sub-6 GHz Spectrum mmWave Spectrum New Band Existing Band Bandwidth Total Bandwidth FHigh Bandwidth Total Bandwidth FHigh FHigh (MHz) (MHz) (GHz) (GHz) (GHz) (GHz) (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (MHz) Korea 26.50 29.50 European 24.25 27.35 Union 42 + 43 31.80 33.40 40.50 43.50 Japan 27.50 29.50 United 27.50 28.35 10.85 States 37.00 38.60 38.60 40.00 64.00 71.00 China lxxxviii Introduction and Background United States: 27.5-28.35 and 37-40 GHz pre-commercial deployments in 2018 Korea: 26.5-29.5 GHz trials in 2018 and commercial deployments in 2019 Japan: 27.5-28.28 GHz trials planned from 2017 and potentially commercial deploy- ments in 2020 China: 24.25-27.5 and 37-43.5 GHz for deployments in 2020 and beyond Sweden: 26.5-27.5 GHz awarding trial licenses for use in 2018 and onward European Union: 24.25-27.5 GHz for commercial deployments from 2020 Note that the range 24.25-27.5 GHz (26 GHz) is overlapping with the band 26.5-29.5 GHz (28 GHz), which suggests that countries supporting 26 GHz may also bene- fit from early ecosystem development for the 28 GHz band in other regions. As shown in Table 5, in addition to the bands above 6 GHz, the spectrum in 600, 700, 800, 900, 1500, 2100, 2300, and 2600 MHz may be of particular interest for both legacy and new applica- tions and are key to deliver necessary 5G broadband coverage for IoT, industry automation, and mission-critical usage scenarios. Extensive research is currently being conducted on the use of much higher frequency 