s for the need for 5G technology, key requirements, and the standardization of 5G. Key drivers Mobile technologies such as 3G, 4G, and 5G were initially governed by the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) requirements of the International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication (ITU-R). IMT-2000 was established by ITU-R with detailed specifications for the first 3G deployments that took place around 2000. In early 2012, ITU-R established the specifications of IMT Advanced for 4G wireless cellular technology. Similarly, for the 5G technology, ITU-R defined IMT-2020. Introduction to 5G IMT-2000 IMT Advanced IMT-2020 Figure 1.1 - ITU-R and the IMT technologies IMT-2020 is the benchmarks and guidelines that the ITU-R has set down for what a 5G network should be. Today, organizations such as the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) are working toward fulfilling the requirements of IMT-2020. Within IMT-2020, there are three use cases that are the main focus of 5G. Those use cases include Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC). We will consider each of these in turn. Enhanced mobile broadband From 2G all the way through to 4G we have seen constant increases in the mobile broadband data rates that subscribers can expect to achieve. 5G is no exception with its promise of eMBB. To be able to market 5G, some high data rates need to be provided to subscribers to show how competitive it is against 4G. The headline data rates are roughly in the high hundreds of megabits per second. Certainly, 5G will deliver data rates that satisfy applications such as Augmented Reality (AR), ultra HD videos, or 3D applications. GPRS EDGE HSPA+ LTE Advanced Low Hundreds of 50-60 Kbps 5-10 Kbps 384 Kbps High Hundreds of 20-50 Mbps Figure 1.2 - Evolution to ultra broadband But certainly, with 5G, subscribers will typically experience data rates in the high hundreds of megabits per second. Ultra-reliable and low-latency communicati