ES 1. Broadband Testing Technologies, Hewlett-Packard Co., Burlington, MA, Oct. 1993. 2. Broadband Aspects of ISDN, CCITT Rec. I.121, CCITT Geneva, 1991. 3. ATM User-Network Interface Specification, Version 3.0, The ATM Forum, PTR Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1993. 4. B-ISDN User-Network interface-Physical - Layer Specification, ITU-T Rec. I.432, ITU Ge- neva, 1993. 5. Broadband ISDN User-Network Interfaces-Rates and Formats Specifications, ANSI T1.624- 1993, ANSI, New York, 1993. 6. B-ISDN User-Network Interface, CCITT Rec. I.413, ITU Geneva, 1991. 7. Broadband ISDN-ATM Layer Functionality and Specification, ANSI T1.627-1993, ANSI, New York, 1993. 8. D. E. McDysan and D. L. Spohn, ATM Theory and Application, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995. 9. B-ISDN ATM Layer Specification, ITU-T Rec. I.361, ITU Geneva, 1993. 10. B-ISDN ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) Functional Description, ITU-T Rec. 363, ITU Geneva, 1993. 11. Support of Broadband Connectionless Data Service on B-ISDN, ITU-T Rec. I.364, ITU Geneva, 1993. 12. B-ISDN General Network Aspects, ITU-T Rec. I.311, ITU Geneva, 1993. 13. Traffic Control and Congestion Control in B-ISDN, ITU-T Rec. I.371, ITU Geneva, 1993. 14. Bellcore Notes on the Network, SR-2275, Issue 3, Bellcore, Piscataway, NJ, Dec. 1997. NETWORK MANAGEMENT 21.1 WHAT IS NETWORK MANAGEMENT? Effective network management optimizes a telecommunication network's operational capabilities. The key word here is optimizes. These are some of the connotations that can be derived: It keeps the network operating at peak performance. It informs the operator of impending deterioration. It provides easy alternative routing and work-arounds when deterioration and/or failure take place. It provides the tools for pinpointing cause/causes of performance deterioration or failure. It serves as the front-line command post for network survivability. There are numerous secondary functions of network management. They are important but, in our opinion, still secondary. Among these items are: It informs in quasi-real time re