llect data from and provide data to network elements. It is thus responsible for network planning, network engineering, installation, provisioning, and SO on. Security Management is responsible for password authentication and device access related authorization. Accounting Management enables the measurement of the use of network services that is, billing via service providers to its customers. It also manages customer accounts, informing customers of balances and payment dates and receiving payments. 8.3.3.4 TMN Planning and Implementation A TMN should be designed such that it has the capability to interface with several types of com- munications paths in a most effective way. It should have the ability to operate for all the different telecommunications technologies and should be flexible enough to evolve with the evolution of respec- tive technologies. It should take steps to ensure effective communications during the implementation phases between the following: Between one NE and other elements within the TMN. Between a WS and other elements within the TMN. Between elements within the TMN. Between TMNs. Core Networks and Operations Support Systems 8.3.4 TM Forum NGOSS NGOSS (New Generation Operations Systems and Software) is TM Forum's answer to service providers and their suppliers OSS and BSS (Business Support System) challenges. It is an integrated framework for developing, procuring and deploying operational and business support systems and software [28,29]. The Transformation Framework (commonly known as NGOSS) is a component based framework consisting of the following elements. A business process framework called eTOM (enhanced Telecom Operations Map). A information/data model known as SID (Shared Information Data). An architecture called Technology Neutral Architecture (TNA) and contract interface for handling technology changes and integration. TAM (Telecoms Application Map) for mapping business and operational areas to commercial software applications. A suite of compliance tests and implementation gu