elow their GBR are considered valid options; see additional details in Reference 11. When UE that previously triggered the proactive ICIC framework leaves the system, the prior actions taken to improve the performance for that user are reverted if, and only if, the value of such a change is positive. The benefit and cost calculations require information to be shared between the small cells over the backhaul. However, the exchange of cost-benefit information is only triggered when a victim user is detected, and signalling delays of several tens of milliseconds are not considered critical, as the scheme does not aim at fast on/off switching of CCs. The performance of the reactive carrier-based ICIC scheme is evaluated for dense small cell indoor environment. The considered scenario is Release 12 small cell scenario 3 as defined in Reference 12, where small cells are deployed inside a so-called dual stripe building structure with apartments of size 10 m X 10 m. Each of the two parallel building blocks contains a total of 2 X = 10 apartments per floor. One small cell is placed randomly within each apartment. The small cells are assumed to operate at 3.5 GHz, each being equipped with 4 CCs, forming a total bandwidth of 20 MHz. UEs are supporting carrier aggregation, such that a single UE can be simultaneously scheduled on multiple CCs from the same small cell. A dynamic traffic model with finite payload per user is assumed, where the minimum data rate target equals 3 Mbps (GBR). Figure 8.19 shows the percentage of users with served bit rate below the GBR (denoted outage probability), as a function of the average number of users per small cell. Considering a target outage probability of maximum 5%; the presented results show that the average offered load can be increased from 2.7 to 4.0 users per small cell if using the proactive carrier-based ICIC scheme. This is equivalent to a capacity gain of 50%. 8.5 Power Saving with Small Cell On/Off The network power consumption is a concern when a large number of small cells a