sses the different spectrum options for 5G, their characteristics, and the expected spectrum for the early phase of 5G deployments. 5G is the first ever mobile radio system that is designed to utilize any spectrum between approximately 400 MHz and 90 GHz. 5G is also designed to be deployed in licensed, shared, and unli- censed spectrum bands. 5G can utilize Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) technology for paired spectrum and Time Division Duplex (TDD) technology for unpaired spec- trum. When the same 5G technology is deployed on different bands, it will be efficient to fully exploit the capacity and coverage properties of the bands optimally together. The motivations for 5G deployments on different spectrum bands are summarized in Figure 4.1. The high bands at millimeter wave have lot of spectrum and enable high capacity and data rates. The low bands have great propagation and provide wide area coverage. Millimeter wave generally refer to the frequencies where the wavelength is in millimeters, that is, frequencies between 30 and 300 GHz. In practice, 5G frequencies at 24-30 GHz also come under millimeter wave. The amount of spectrum per operator 5G Technology: 3GPP New Radio, First Edition. Edited by Harri Holma, Antti Toskala, and Takehiro Nakamura. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2020 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 4 Spectrum Spectrum per 5G use case and motivation operator Very high data rate >10 Gbps Above 52 GHz >1000 MHz Licensed and unlicensed frequencies High data rate >5 Gbps 24-39 GHz 800 MHz Hot spot capacity and fixed wireless 5 GHz Local solution Up to 500 MHz unlicensed No spectrum license needed shared 3.3-5.0 GHz 2 Gbps with 100 MHz and 4x4MIMO 100 MHz and 2.6 GHz Urban capacity with massive MIMO 5G brings massive MIMO capability Combined 1.5-2.6 GHz Gradual refarming from LTE to 5G 2 X 50 MHz Wide area and deep indoor coverage Combined Sub 1 GHz Low latency with FDD 2 X 25 MHz Figure 4.1 Motivation for 5G deployment on different spectrum bands. at 24-39 GHz is typically up to 800 MHz, which enab