throughput results are shown in Figures 11.26 and 11.27. Figure 11.26 shows the channel path loss variation over C 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Early Real-Time Experiments and Field Trial Measurements Table 11.2 Transmission Parameters for the Measurement Results Parameter Value Transmit power 2.5 W, 34 dBm Beam width Down tilt Bandwidth 20-MHz DL, 5-MHz UL Antenna gain 11 dBi time. The measured channel is normalized over time and frequency SO that the average channel power is unity for all channel coefficients. This averaging is per- formed over all the frequency subcarriers and over both the receiver antennas. The channel path loss variation is the same for cross-polarized and copolarized anten- nas. Figure 11.27 shows the condition number distribution for XPD and copolar- ized antennas. Studies of throughput versus average received SNR are performed in Figures 11.28-11.31 for the following schemes: fixed dual-stream transmission with and without SVD precoding; adaptive transmission scheme with SVD precoding over a water-filling power allocation policy, which will automatically include single-stream adaptation; and unitary codebook-based precoding with dual-stream or single-stream adaptation. Time (s) Figure 11.26 Channel variation in the measurement. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio and Cellular Technology Cross-Polarized Co-Polarized Channel Condition Number Figure 11.27 Comparison of channel condition numbers. These analyses are done in order to characterize the single-user achievable throughput based on the measured channel. The average SNR is varied in simula- tions after normalizing the channel as previously described. 11.4.3.2 Channel Condition Number A 2 X 2 copolarized MIMO channel is generally represented in a matrix form of H2x2 as used in Equation (11.1). A key measure related to the throughput perfor- mance of the MIMO channel is the condition number of the channel matrix. This Dual Stream Transmission Schemes XPD-SVD precoding: Equal power allocation