, 378 bus topology risks, 53 Shannon's Law, 560 media types for, 44 Shared Ethernet, 184-185 POP, 286-287 SHDSL (Symmetric High-Bit-Rate DSL), 50, 501-502 RFID, 681-682 Shim, 448 servers, 297 Short Messaging Service (SMS), 584, 703-704 transmission media for LANs, 178 Short Reach VDSL2, 45 VoWLAN, 648 Signal hierarchy VPN. See VPNs (virtual private networks), security E-carrier system, 122-123 Wi-Fi, 646-648 SDH/SONET, 125-128 WLAN integration with cellular networks, 652 T-carrier system, 120-122 Segment, bus topology, 186 Signal modulation, 156, 560-563 Selective cells, 565 Signal regenerators, 19-20 Semantic Web, xlvii-xlviii, 306-307 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 404 Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), 458 Signal transfer points (STPs), 134 Sensor mesh networks, 658-659 Signaled circuits, ASTN, 478 Sequence number, packets, 256 Signaling layer, IPT, 318 Serial Link Internet Protocol (SLIP), 264 Signaling platform, IPT, 318-319 Servers Signaling protocols defined, 252 for GMPLS, 485-486 HAN, 544 PacketCable, 518 LANs for networks based on, 174 Signaling System 7. See SS7 (Signaling System 7) Service control points (SCPs), 133-134 Signaling systems Service environment, convergence in, 416-418 overview of, 129-132 Service interworking, 437 SS7 and, 132-135 Service-level agreements. See SLAs (service-level Signals agreements) analog VS. digital networks, 18-21 Service nodes, 113 attenuated, 6 Service providers DSL, 495 hierarchy of, 291-293 optical network, 452 in intelligent optical networks, 455, 456 service nodes and, 113 IXPs, 293-294 SIGTRAN Working Group, 140-141 overview of, 291 Silicon photonics, XXX Index SIM (subscriber identity module) cards, 589 cars, xli-xlii Simple PKI (SPKI), 380 garments, xliii-xlv SIMPLE standard, 338 offices, xl Simplex transmission, 159, 442 picture frames, xl Single-carrier modulation schemes, 157-158, refrigerators, xl 561-562 shirts, xliii-xliv Single mode fiber, 74-76 tags, xxxix Singulation (anticollision) protocol, 681-682 transition from portables to wearables, 387 SI