or the internet browsing session: End-to-End Architecture Components, Concepts, Security, and Transport NG-RAN Node gNB, ng-eNB QoS Rules SDF Templates QFI 2 DRB 7, 5Q1 1 QFI = 2, 5QI 1 LCID 7 LCID 7 IMS Voice Client DL TEID UL TEID DRB 6, 5QI 5 LCID 6 LCID 6 QFI 1 QFI = 1,5QI5 QFI 1 DRB 5 QFI 2 Web Browser 5QI 8 QFI 2 QFI = 2, 5QI 8 QFI 2 Internet LCID 5 LCID 5 DL TEID >QFI 1 UL TEID 5QI 9 QFI < QFI = 1, 5QI QFI 1 Internet 5QI 9 IP filter Internet 5QI 9 IP filter Internet 5QI 8 IP filter PDU Session Internet 5QI 8 IP filter SIP Signaling IP filter GTP-U Tunnel SIP Signaling IP filter Voice IP filter Voice IP filter Figure 2.19 - Voice and data PDU sessions in 5G It must be noted that each traffic flow is associated with a filter, as shown here. This is used by the UE to separate the traffic for each flow. Also, note that the same QFI number does not indicate the same packet filter. Every flow in the UE will be associated with its own filter, which is distinct regardless of the similarity of the QFI number in different PDU sessions. Multiple PCC rules (SDFs) can be bound to the same QoS flow as long as the 5QI and the ARP value are the same. There can be a maximum of 64 QoS flows in a PDU session. The number of DRBs on the RAN side that the UE needs to support is 16. In the 5G core, not all PDU sessions may be active at the same time, SO this does not limit the number of PDU sessions that UE can support, although 16 PDU sessions are quite a lot anyway. The 5G 5QI-to-QoS mapping is shown here: 5G network concepts Default Default Packet Packet Default Resource Maximum Priority Delay Error Value Averaging Example Services Data Burst Level Budget Window Volume 100 ms 2,000 ms Conversational voice 150 ms 2,000 ms Conversational video (live streaming) Real-time gaming, V2X messages (see TS 23.287 [121]) 50 ms 2,000 ms Electricity distribution - medium voltage, process automation monitoring Non-conversational video 300 ms 2,000 ms (buffered streaming) Mission-Critical Push To Talk 75 ms 2,000 ms (MCPTT) on the user plan