 Permanent Secretary Head of Resource Department Ministry of Transport and Energy Denmark Toon VAN DER HOORN Director, Strategic Models and Forecasts AVV Transport Research Centre Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management Netherlands Jean VERSEILLE Chef du Département Développement et Optimisation du Patrimoine Réseau de Transport d'Électricité France Frederik VON DEWALL General Manager and Chief Economist ING Group The Netherlands INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 - © OECD 2006 MEMBERS OF THE STEERING GROUP Hans WERDER Secrétaire général Département fédéral de l'environnement, des transports, de l'énergie et de la communication Switzerland Matthew WHITE Head of Science Evidence and Expertise Branch Evidence and Research Strategy Department for Transport United Kingdom Miles YARRINGTON Project Leader, Intelligent Infrastructure Systems Foresight Directorate, Office of Science and Technology Department of Trade and Industry United Kingdom INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 - © OECD 2006 OECD PUBLICATIONS, 2, rue André-Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16 PRINTED IN FRANCE (03 2006 01 1 P) ISBN 92-64-02398-4 - No. 55123 2006 Infrastructure to 2030 TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY Infrastructures are the very foundation of modern economies and societies. Energy, transport, water, telecommunications, all will continue to be essential to future development and growth. However, infrastructure investment requirements over the coming decades will be massive, running into trillions of dollars. Part of this investment will be in the developing world, especially in the major economies such as China, India and Brazil. But OECD countries, too, will account for a huge share, much of it in infrastructures that have been seriously neglected in many countries, e.g. water and waste water treatment. How will the investments be financed, given that OECD populations are ageing fast and public finance