FCC ruled that the former white spaces could be used as unlicensed spectrum. It ruled that it could be used for "super" Wi-Fi, a Wi-Fi standard whose signals can travel over longer distances than traditional Wi-Fi signals. "Super" Wi-Fi is the informal name for the 802.22 IEEE standard. The FCC hoped that this spectrum would be used to bring high-speed Internet access to rural areas. Making the spectrum unlicensed further supported the goal of lowering the total cost to bring Internet access to rural areas. Because this spectrum is in the 700MHz range, which is a low frequency, the signals can travel the distances required in rural areas. Using wireless obviates the need to lay fiber-optic cabling and install costly www.TechnicalPDF.com electronic equipment near customers or directly to premises. Power-Level Specification for Unlicensed Spectrum Because of the potential for wireless spectrum to cause interference, governments establish rules regarding issues such as signal spreading and power limitation to protect adjacent licensed spectrum bands against egregious interference emanating from unlicensed spectrum transmissions. All equipment used in licensed and unlicensed wireless networks must meet government specifications to receive certifications. That is why even a Bluetooth mouse is certified and assigned an FCC ID number. Roaming-Using Mobile Devices in Other Networks Roaming is the ability to use the same mobile devices when traveling in other carriers' networks. These other networks may be within the United States or in international locations where a subscriber's mobile provider does not offer service. Roaming is important because no single carrier has coverage everywhere. Roaming is a profitable source of revenue in many parts of the world. Exceptions to this include within European Union countries, most cellular providers for traffic within India, and depending on each customer's plan, traffic within the United States. In June of 2017, the European Union eliminated roaming surcharges for residents of t