oller overview. Figure 4.6 Example of SDN NIB. Figure 4.7 OpenFlow overview. Figure 4.8 Adaptive SDN anomaly detection framework. Figure 4.9 Conditional SDN measurement overview. Figure 4.10 SDN checkpoint system. Figure 4.11 Example of controller and switch connection. Figure 4.12 Example of Internet2 network protection. Figure 4.13 Example of Fat-tree network protection. Figure 4.14 Protection against link and node failures. Figure 4.15 SENSS architecture. Figure 4.16 SdnTE network architecture. Figure 5.1 5G architecture. Figure 5.2 SFC in telecom network. Figure 5.3 SFC framework. Figure 5.4 Static and dynamic SFC examples. Figure 5.5 OpenFlow-based SFC solution. Figure 5.6 Illustration of port direction. Figure 5.7 Multiple tables and metadata. Figure 5.8 Data path lookup diagram. Figure 5.9 Example to show service chain reachability. Figure 5.10 Example to show monitor points for multiple service chains. Figure 5.11 Optical service function chaining framework. Figure 5.12 Optical service function chaining placement problem. (a) NF placement 1 (better) and (b) NF placement 2. Figure 5.13 Model used for SFC verification. Figure 5.14 Stateful forwarding graph for SFC verification. List of Figures Figure 5.15 Virtualized PC and SDN routing. Figure 5.16 Virtualized CPE. Figure 6.1 OpenStack architecture. Figure 6.2 OpenDayLight. Figure 6.3 OPNFV project overview. Figure 6.4 CORD architecture. List of Tables Table 2.1 Cloud computing: benefits and risks. Table 2.2 Layer 2 VPNs: advantages and disadvantages. Table 2.3 Layer 3 VPNs: advantages and disadvantages. Table 2.4 Router versus switch. Table 3.1 Types of VNFs and examples. Table 4.1 SENSS messages from the customer to the provider and replies/actions by the provider. Table 5.1 Cellular technology evolution. Preface Because of the emergence of user-friendly smartphones and the advances in cellular data network technologies, the volume of data traffic carried by cellular networks has been experiencing a phe- nomenal rise. One large cellular operator has repor