ring at the receiving side (due to the jitter in IP networks). The service availability is in the range of 99% due to variable conditions in the mobile access networks as well as mobility of the users (the exact network capacity cannot be predicted with the same accuracy as in fixed networks). 7.4.2 KPIs for IPTV and Video Services IPTV as another real-time service provided over managed IP networks (with guaranteed QoS end-to-end), has also requirements to provide satisfactory QoE. While VoIP is less sensitive to packet loss rate and more sensitive to delay and jitter, IPTV is less sensitive to delay and jitter (because it is unidirectional stream, SO playout buffering solves all 7.5 KPIs for Data Services and VPNs issues regarding these two QoS parameters) and more sensitive to packet loss rate (due to source coding of the video, where data loss in a given video frame influences other frames in the same MPEG Group of Pictures). The main KPI targets for IPTV service with SD and HD [10] are given in Table 6.3 (in Chapter 6). The same KPIs and targets refer also to VoD services that are typically provided through the same system that is used for IPTV delivery. 7.5 KPIs for Data Services and VPNs Most of the broadband and ultra-broadband IP traffic is coming from data (i.e. OTT) services provided over the public Internet network. With the spread of mobile broad- band networks, the same data services used in fixed access networks are transiting to the mobile data service segment, which is constantly increasing with deployments 4G and 5G technologies. However, in all cases the data traffic is carried through core and transport IP networks by using packet tunneling approaches such as VPNs tunnels. Due to their interrelation, this section covers KPIs for data services including mobile ones, as well as KPIs for VPN services. 7.5.1 KPIs for Data Services The data services are provided by using the network neutrality principle through the public IAS (the reader may refer to Section 6.6 in Chapter 6). So, data services refe