 Transmission Rate Constraints Nyquist Relationship Optical Media Transmission Rate Constraints Attenuation Scattering Chromatic Dispersion Operating Rates Chapter 3 Understanding Optical Fiber Evolution Fabrication Traversing Burning Basic Composition Cladding Jacket Strengthening Fibers Light Flow in a Fiber Index of Refraction The Critical Angle Wavelength Determination Numerical Aperture Light Flow Optical Fiber Metrics and Terms Cable Size Cable Category Optical Attenuation Fiber Composition Glass Fiber Plastic Fiber Plastic-Clad Silica Types of Cable Cable Architecture Contents Connectors Coupling Method and Connectors Insertion Loss The EIA/TIA 568 Standard Chapter 4 Light Sources and Detectors Components of an Optical Transmission System Transmitter and Receiver Medium Coupler Component Relationships Light Sources Light-Emitting Diodes Operation Modulation Methods Comparison between an LED and a Laser Diode Lasers Photodetectors Basic Operation within an Optical System Radiation Absorption Types of Photodetectors Couplers and Connectors Function The Collimating Process Mode Field Diameter and Numerical Aperture Considerations Coupling Considerations Alignment Considerations Types of Couplers and Connectors Chapter 5 Fiber in the LAN Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) Position in the OSI Reference Model 4B/5B Coding Fiber Specifications Media Interface and ST Connectors Ring Structure Station Types Port Types and Rules FDDI Frame Format Summary Contents Ethernet and Fast Ethernet Network Diameter Constraints LAN Extenders Other Extenders Gigabit Ethernet Overview Versions Duplex Support Network Utilization Limitations Chapter 6 Fiber in the WAN Evolution and Rationale Rationale for Use The AT&T FT3C System Advances in Technology SONET and SDH Overview The SONET Transmission Structure The SONET Transmission Hierarchy The SDH Hierarchy Networking Topologies Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and Dense WDM (DWDM) WDM and DWDM Developments Alternative Protocol Stacks Chapter 7 Fiber in the Neighborhoo