nitiates an inter- LATA call, is billed to the IXC; as such, originating access is essentially billed as a collect call to the IXC. AT&T Corp. et al. V. Iowa Utilities Board, Sup. Ct. 97-826 (1999). Competitive Access Providers, the Costly Way to Local Competition "Winstar Files for Bankruptcy, Blames Lucent," ISP Planet, April 19, 2001, http://www.isp-planet.com/cplanet/news/000104/april19winstar.html.[ IDT/Winstar press release, Dec. 20, 2001. http://www.iat.net/corporate/press/release/ 24b_asp. In 1980, Xerox Corp. successfully petitioned the FCC to make a band of frequencies at 10.5 GHz available for a competitive common carrier digital radio service that it intended to market as XTEN. The frequencies were allocated but Xerox had second thoughts. Eventually the frequencies were reassigned. [11] Presentation given by Charles Christ of Local Digital Distribution Corp. at the National Conference on Local Networks, Washington D.C., 1982. [12] A number of articles about this have been published by Bruce Kushnick and his nonprofit organization Teletruth (http://www.teletruth.org) has detailed alleged overcharges result- ing from broken promises to install broadband. For example, Teletruth's home page in mid-2004 asked, "Broadband Fraud in PA? Are Customers Owed $1,135.00 from Veri- zon for a Fiber Optic Network They Never Received?" [13] The FCC agreed with the MSOs that cable networks were not common carriers and were thus not obligated to provide "open access." A few smaller cable operators did, however, choose to work with established local ISPs, and after the @Home exclusivity contracts ended, major operators such as Comcast did allow a few large ISPs to share their networks. "High Speed Services for Internet Access: Status as of December 31, 2003," FCC Wireline Competition Bureau, Industry Analysis and Technology Division, June 2004. This alludes to a dog food commercial that began by asking the viewer, "Is your dog get- ting enough cheese?" [16] Cable transactions are tracked by the FCC and reported by the Me