suing a deallocation request, getting proper authorization, performing the deallocation and reallocating the same for some other order is performed as part of recovery of element. In addition to understanding the functions performed by the network provi- sioning module, it is also important to have an understanding of the modules that Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS interact with network provisioning. The main modules that interact with the net- work provisioning module are: Service configuration: This module is intended for configuration of ser- vice that can only be done once the underlying network to support the ser- vice is provisioned. So the service configuration module sends a "preservice request" and the provisioning module runs the preservice network level con- figuration and responds back with the results of the operation. Next the service configuration module issues a "network provisioning request" and the provisioning module does the network level provisioning and responds to service configuration module with the results and reports collected dur- ing provisioning of network. Next the service configuration module issues a "test request" for which the network provisioning module performs the predefined tests on the network and responds to the service configuration module with the results of the test showing the available capacity of the net- work to handle the service. Network planning and development: Provisioning plays a key role in net- work planning and development. During provisioning, key information is obtained on the functions that fail often and the elements that cannot handle a specific capacity. This capacity related information is used for net- work planning and developing existing configuration of the network. Based on precalculated results of a previous provisioning operation, the network planning and development module supplies the configuration requirements to the provisioning module. The provisioning module applies the supplied configuration. Network maintenance and restoration: T