s can be flexibly defined and carried out by them. All in all, as discussed above, cognitive domain management combined with active networks and mobile agents can help implement and construct the actual network architecture for Cognitive NGSDP, which directly provides a way to turn the conceptual model to reality. As a result, the cognitive process can be executed to exert cognitive functions on NGSDP. 6.4 Security 6.4.1 Overview When a system is considered as a whole, security is one of the most essential issues which should be taken into account. Regarding NGSDP, there are also several aspects involved, including business processes, telecom networks, software engi- neering, and SO on. In this section, business processes, telecom networks, and soft- ware engineering are discussed on the basis of introductions of published papers. 6.4.2 Business Processes When it comes to business processes, a secured system should guarantee all services to be correctly deployed, managed, executed, and exceptions reported. What is still worth noticing is that, value-added applications provided by the third party should also be efficiently managed and protected to enable healthy telecom operations. Reference [66] present an idea of charging validation in the service delivery platform to ensure correct execution and charging of complex third-party value- added applications by checking service charging records. Two methods, based on charging templates or service process model, are proposed to model application process and also automatically validate service charging records. SDP plays important role in this process. It takes charge of service deployment, delivery, and management, as well as communications and negotiations between service providers Service Delivery Platforms and telecom operators. Also, in order to guarantee correct business processes, ser- vice execution, authentication and authorization, subscription management, and SLA control should also be managed by SDP. This differs from common business security which focuses 