 We have also looked at VoNR's high-level system architecture. It is comprised of three elements: the 5G access network, the IMS, and Policy and Charging Control (PCC). With respect to the 5G access network, we have looked at some key elements such as the gNB, UPF, AMF, SMF, and UDM. Regarding IMS, we have seen there are elements such as CSCFs, HSS, SCC, and TAS. We have also analyzed VoNR's initial procedures. Before making and receiving calls, the VoNR subscribers must conduct these initial procedures, which include establishing resources in the 5G network and registering with the IMS. The result of the overall procedure is the establishment of a PDU session. In that PDU session, we have a QoS flow used to carry SIP signaling to the IMS. We have seen that the 5G access network, the IMS, and PCC are required for the VoNR call procedures. We have discussed voice packets being carried within the RTP, and the payload of that RTP being the adaptive multi-rate codec or the enhanced voice services codec. Then we looked at the SIP signaling exchange. We have seen that the INVITE and the 183 Session Progress messages need to be exchanged SO that we can swap the SDP Offer and SDP Answer. We have also analyzed INVITE, Summary PRACK, UPDATE, 180 Ringing, and 200 OK messages. Moreover, removing the QoS flows at each leg of the call has been covered. Finally, we have discovered the fact that interworking needs to occur with the PSTN or 2G-3G voice networks and even for VoLTE. We have analyzed interworking with legacy voice networks, PS handover from 5G to 4G, SRVCC, EPS, RAT fallbacks, and Wi-Fi calling. In the next chapter, we are going to learn about different deployment scenarios of 5G networks. We are going to discuss different architecture options for SA and NSA networks, which are mainly options 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. We are also going to discuss different strategies for how Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) can make the transition from Non-Standalone (NSA) to Standalone (SA) networks. Part 2: 5G Network Design, Deployment M