spectrum. To an extent the very specific public service obligations imposed on the public-safety bands in the upper band UHF US auction are an early indication of similar battles that will be fought internationally over the next three to five years in the ongoing L band and S band allocation and auction process. Such an adversarial approach to spectral allocation is inappropriate in a world where radio communications, particularly integrated radio communications, have an increasingly important role to play in emergency-service provision. 16.18 And Finally - Satellite and Terrestrial Hybrid Networks Here, unashamedly, I returned to a 2007 technology topic on satellite and terrestrial hybrid networks, a sector that I have always been sceptical about. In 2007 this was a gung ho investment opportunity. One of the big players who emerged in the 2007 to 2011 'window of opportunity' is a company called LightSquared who inked an agreement with Inmarsat. I cannot resist including this particular news item by Ian Scales dated 21 June 2011 from Telecom TV.com. Table 16.10 puts the GPS issue into perspective. Satellite Networks Table 16.9 Terrestrial broadcast and satellite coexistence in L Band L Band Terrestrial Broadcast MHz MHz Broadcast 1452.96 audio 1478.64 25 MHz Broadcast video 5 MHz L Band Satellite broadcast S DAB Broadcast 1480.352 audio 1490.624 10 MHz World Space Broadcast 1453.384 audio 1490.644 35 MHz L Band Satellite Two-Way Mobile Inmarsat Thuraya 1626.5 1660.5 34 MHz 34 MHz Mobile Satellite 1625.6 Ventures 1660.6 34 MHz 34 MHz Iridium 1626.25 L Band /S Band Two Way Mobile Globalstar 1615.15 2483.5 1626.15 15MHz L Band GPS Satellite Positioning Galileo Glonass Table 16.10 GPS satellite constellations Orbit Number of satellites L band spectrum MHz Status MEO at 20 200 km 24 operational satellites, 1575.42 Fully operational since six nearly circular orbits Galileo MEO at 23 222 km 30 satellites, in three 1575.42 Planned to be fully Walker orbits operational by 2012 Glonass MEO at 19 100 km 24 satellites 1602-1