y mobile UEs. Some applications require the network to guarantee seamless mobility, transparent to the application layer, in order to avoid ser- vice interruption, and to ensure service continuity. The increasing multimedia broad- band data traffic necessitates offloading of IP traffic from the 5G network to traditional IP routing networks via an IP anchor node close to the network edge. As the UE Introduction and Background Ixv traverses the network, changing the IP anchor node may be needed in order to avoid traffic congestion in highly loaded networks, to reduce end-to-end latency, and to pro- vide better user experience. The flexible nature of the 5G systems support different mobility management options that minimize signaling overhead and optimize network access for different categories of UEs. 3.4 System Performance Requirements The groundbreaking improvements initiated by 5G are achievable with the introduction of new technologies, both in the access and the core networks, which include flexible and scal- able allocation of network resources to various services and applications. In addition to increased flexibility and optimization, a 5G system must support stringent criteria for latency, reliability, throughput, etc. Enhancements in the air-interface contribute to meeting these KPIs as do improvements in the core network, such as network slicing, in-network caching, and hosting services closer to the network edges [21]. 5G systems further support new and emerging business models. Drivers for the 5G KPIs include services such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote control, VR/AR,1 and industrial automation. Increasing network flexibility would allow support of self-contained enterprise networks, which are installed and maintained by network operators while being managed by the enter- prise. Enhanced connection modes and improved security enable support of massive IoT use cases, where those are expected to include numerous UEs of different categories send- ing and receiving data over the 5G network. The es