tain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my great sons, Dario and Antonio, and to the most precious woman in my life, Jasmina. Contents Introduction 1 The Telecommunications/ICT Sector in the Twenty-First Century Convergence of the Telecom and Internet Worlds and QoS Introduction to QoS, QoE, and Network Performance 9 1.3.1 Quality of Service (QoS) Definition 1.3.2 Quality of Experience (QoE) 1.3.3 Network Performance (NP) 1.3.4 QoS, QoE, and NP Relations ITU's QoS Framework 1.4.1 Universal Model 1.4.2 Performance Model 1.4.3 Four-Market Model QoE Concepts and Standards 1.5.1 QoE and QoS Comparison 1.5.2 QoS and QoE Standards General QoS Terminology Discussion 21 References 23 Internet QoS 25 Overview of Internet Technology Protocols 25 2.1.1 Internet Network Layer Protocols: IPv4 and IPv6 2.1.2 Main Internet Transport Layer Protocols: TCP and UDP 2.1.3 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - DHCP 2.1.4 Domain Name System - DNS 32 2.1.5 Internet Fundamental Applications 2.1.5.1 Web Technology 34 2.1.5.2 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 2.1.5.3 Email Protocols 35 Fundamental Internet Network Architectures 2.2.1 Client-Server Internet Networking 2.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Internet Networking 2.2.3 Basic Internet Network Architectures 2.2.4 Autonomous Systems on the Internet Contents Internet Traffic Characterization 2.3.1 Audio Traffic Characterization 2.3.2 Video Traffic Characterization 2.3.3 Non-Real-Time Traffic Characterization QoS on Different Protocols Layers Traffic Management Techniques 2.5.1 Classification of IP Packets 2.5.2 Packet Classification From the Technical Side 2.5.3 Packet Scheduling 2.5.4 Admission Control 2.5.5 Traffic Management Versus Network Capacity Internet QoS Frameworks: the IETF and the ITU 50 Integrated Services (IntServ) and Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS with Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) Basic Inter-Provider QoS Model 2.10.1 Basic DiffServ Model for a Single Provider 2.10.2 Basic DiffServ Inter-Provider Model 58 IP Netw