 U.S. Communications Act. The FCC's restoring Internet freedom order took effect in June 2018 [15], and it is targeted at providing a framework for protecting an open Internet while paving the way for better, faster, and cheaper Internet access for con- sumers. This framework for protecting Internet freedom has focused also on consumer protection (against ISPs for anticompetitive acts or unfair and deceptive practices), and transparency about ISPs' business practices (to publicly disclose information regarding their network management practices, performance, and commercial terms of service). The main obstacle with this order was to remove unnecessary regulations to promote broadband investment (including fixed and mobile). Generally, in the U.S. the main issue which changes from one open Internet order to another is the following: does IAS qualify as an information service or a telecommuni- cations service? While the open Internet order of 2015 classified IAS as telecommuni- cation service, the order of 2018 reclassified it as an information service. Fundamentally, all Internet orders in the U.S. are targeted toward an open Internet; the difference is in the legislation rules which refer to it. 8 Network Neutrality Someone outside the U.S. may note that telecommunications in the twenty-first cen- tury have become ICT, which inseparably include both telecommunication and infor- mation services. 8.7 Challenges Regarding QoS and Network Neutrality From a regulatory perspective, QoS management creates numerous challenges. Dif- ferentiated management of QoS potentially offers benefits not only to network oper- ators but also to content and application providers, and also to consumers and other end-users. However, OTT service providers (Google and its YouTube, Netflix, Ama- zon, etc.) are not entitled to QoS provision for their services due to network neutrality rules (when and where they are in force). However, OTT services also tend to pro- vide higher user experience because that gives certain guarantees that users 