SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy), signal splitters, 305, 306 119, 177, 192-196 signal transfer points (STPs), 146-147 criticism of, 188 signaling: naming conventions, 193-194 amplitude modulation, 22-23 SONET vs., 195-196 analog VS. digital, 21-22 Second Avenue fire, 126-129 combining techniques, 28-33 data vs 28 secondary memory (computers), 244, 247-250 denned, 21 Index signaling (Continued): Sprint, 137-139, 323, 326, 333, 336, digital, 26-28 347, 431, 456, 462, 463, 465, 474 frequency modulation, 23-24 Sprint PCS, 326, 335, 456 in-band, 163-164 square waves, 26, 200 phase modulation, 24-26 SS7 (Signaling System 7), 146-147, SS7, 163, 164 163-164, 475 telephone network, 146 standards, 3-13 trunk, 165 Bluetooth, 334 signaling link transport, 234 data communication, 3-5 Signaling System 7 (see SS7) DOCSIS, 309-310 signaling transfer points, 234 DOCSIS™ 2.0, 310 Simple Gateway Control Protocol first groups for, 37 (SGCP), 218 for high-speed token ring, 266 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol interoperability, 177-178 (SMTP), 66 ITU, 6-7, 10 Simple Network Management Protocol ITU-T (TSS), 7-8, 11-13 (SNMP), 66 loop carrier, 161 sine wave, 21-23 MPEG, 82-87 single mode fibers, 399, 415-417 origin of, 5-7 single-stage multiplexing, 185 telephone transmission, 139 SK Telcom, 474 television, 276 Skype, 210-212, 239 transmission, 119-120 SkypeOut, 212, 313 Transport Layer, 93-94 SLC-96, 161 TSB, 8-9 Sneakernet, 256 video, 277-278 SNET, 140 Wi-Fi, 350-351, 355-356 SoftPhone (Vonage), 211 Stanford Research Institute (SRI), Softswitch technology, 471-478 37, 430 Sonera, 327 star-wired LANs, 258, 259, 264 SONET (Synchronous Optical Network), static routing protocols, 106 119, 174, 177-184, 187-193 statistical multiplexing, 208 advantages of, 178-179 steganography, 86-87 bandwidth, 184 Step-by-Step switch, 104 evolution of, 179-182 step-index fibers, 414-415 frame, 182-183 still-image applications, 270-271 naming conventions, 193 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering new services, 179 (SBS), 407 next-generation, 191-192 Stimulated R