change mileage, 254 local channels, 254 MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks), 253- network topology on, 252-253 T1 services, 251-252, 267 T3 services, 251-252, 267 www.TechnicalPDF.com WANs (Wide Area Networks), 253-254 definition of, 229-230 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology backups, 263 bonding, 248 DSLAMs (DSL Access Multiplexers), 201-202 history of, 247 how it works, 247 limitations of, 247-248 replacing with fiber and wireless, 249 standards for, 267-268 emergency call reporting, 264-265 entertainment content, transmission of headends, 195-196 - hub sites, 196 MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks), 196-197 expansion into new territories, 209 international availability, 230 IP VPNs (Internet Protocol Virtual Private Networks), 238-239 advantages and disadvantages, 239-240 security, 240-243 last-mile access networks access networks in cable operators' networks, 209-216 capacity, adding, 200 definition of, 174, 199 DSLAMs (DSL Access Multiplexers), 201-202 fiber-optic cabling, transitioning to, 201, 202- legacy circuit-switching service, 200-201 PONs (Passive Optical Networks), 204-209, power issues, 203 managed services www.TechnicalPDF.com advantages of, 245 definition of, 245 typical offerings, 246-247 MANs (Metropolitan Area Networks), 196-197 dedicated services in, 253-254 definition of, 174 mesh configuration backups, 192-193 middle-mile networks, 152-153, 175, 197-199,34 MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching), 235 CoS (Class of Service), 238 implementation, 236-237 multinational locations, 237 routes and security, 236 service components, 238 VPNs (Virtual Private Networks), 235 WA SDNs (Wide Area Software Defined Networks), 262 national emergencies, services in, 217 Internet security, 219-220 reliability and sustainability, 218-220 NFV (Network Function Virtualization), 172,178 OTNs (Optical Transport Networks), 191-192, 193- private data networks, 176 public networks, 173-175 SDN (Software Defined Networking), 172 security authentication, 242-243 cloud computing, 55-56 containers, 47 firewalls, 243-245 