creasingly, mobile devices) to receive live material as compressed digital broadcasts. One example is retransmission of television news programs. In-house examples might include special announcements by the CEO, quarterly results, and product announcements. Some video feed products allow viewers to send messages to which presenters can respond during the session. Others are simply receive-only systems that display motion video in a window on their viewer's device. Audio relies on the soundboard in the user's machine; headsets are helpful. Of the applications listed above, the one with the most collaborative value is application sharing. Almost anything one can do with a whiteboard or a screen- sharing product, one can do with applications sharing. Not only can distributed participants view a slideshow, but they can also mark-up the slides via electronic whiteboarding. Participants can also conduct shared and private conversations via chat, and those chat threads can be saved as text documents. The 80/20 rule applies to personal conferencing. Application sharing accounts for 80% of the communication and others participants' talking-heads account for the remainder. Conversely, the video component of the application demands about 80% of network bandwidth while the data components require the smaller remainder. Nevertheless, if a camera, microphone, and speakers are part of the environment, a user can easily add the software necessary for desktop video communication. Because of the premium on desktop (or handheld) real estate, systems generally display a small image of the remote meeting participant's head and shoulders and leave the majority of the screen for applications sharing, text messaging, or other collaborative applications. While there is overlap, face-to-face interactive videoconferencing Personal Conferencing applications are either desktop-to-desktop or desktop-to-room-system. Desktop-to-Desktop Video Communication Systems Desktop-to-desktop video communication products offer features such as picture-in-