r memory- or time-based resource required to subsequently activate the flow. ActiveQoSParamSet: a set of QoS parameters (associated with the service flow) defining the service that is actually provided. The packet associated with an active service flow can only be forwarded. Authorization Module: a logical function within the BS that approves or denies every change to QoS parameters and classifiers associated with a service flow. As such, it limits the possible values of the AdmittedQoSParamSet and ActiveQoSParamSet parameters. 5.2.2 Service Flow Types There are three basic types of service flows defined in the standard [1]; however, other types may be supported. The basic service flow types are as follows [1,13]: Provisioned service flows: a service flow may be provisioned but not immediately activated. In other words, the description of any such service flow contains an attribute that provisions but defers activation and admission. The network reserves an SFID for such a service flow. The BS may also require an exchange with a policy module prior to admission. As a result, the MS may choose to activate a provisioned service flow by passing the SFID and the associated QoS parameter sets to the BS in the dynamic service change request message. If the MS is authorized and resources are available, the BS responds by mapping the service flow to a CID (or alternatively a STID+FID combination for an IEEE 802.16m MS). The BS may choose to activate a service flow by passing the SFID as well as the CID and the associated QoS parameter sets to the MS in the dynamic service change request message. Such a provisioned 5.2 Service flow classification and identification service flow may be activated and deactivated many times through exchange of MAC management messages. In all cases, the original SFID is used when reactivating the service flow. Admitted service flows: the standard supports a two-phase activation model that is often utilized in cellular telephony applications. In the two-phase activation model, the resources fo