mproving the accuracy of CSI at the receiver with limited pilot 3 FBMC: A Waveform Candidate for Beyond 5G overhead, a semi-blind (SB) MIMO-FBMC CSI estimation scheme was developed. The SB technique exploited both the pilot symbols and the second-order statistical information of data symbols. The NMSE gain of the SB scheme over the LS increases with the number of receive antennas. It was also demonstrated that the SB scheme achieves its CRLB. This chapter also analysed the uplink performance of FBMC waveform in multi-user massive MIMO systems in the existence of both perfect and imperfect knowledge of channel. The uplink sum rates and their corresponding lower bounds were derived for massive MIMO-FBMC systems relying on the MRC and ZF receiver processing at the base station with/without perfect CSI. For both the receivers, the derived lower bounds on the achievable uplink sum rate were seen to closely agree with their respective simulated rates. Furthermore, the uplink power scaling laws, similar to OFDM waveform, were seen to exist for FBMC-based massive MIMO systems. It was also shown that OFDM- and FBMC-based massive MIMO systems achieve the same uplink performance in the existence of perfect synchronization. However, in the existence of practical impairments such as CFO, FBMC-based massive MIMO systems were seen to vastly outperform their OFDM counterparts. The future works may investigate semi-blind scheme for highly frequency- selective and/or time-selective channels. Future research may present an analysis for characterising the performance of FBMC-based massive MIMO systems in time-selective channels. Future research may also analyse performance of FBMC waveform in the downlink of massive MIMO by considering the effect of multi- user precoding, which poses additional challenges. Future lines of this work can also investigate performance of FBMC signalling in other state-of-the-art technologies like millimetre wave, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) and Internet of Things (IoT). References 1. T. Starr,