 Audible.com, 160 augmented reality (AR), 37 authentication streaming media, 290 three-factor, 242-243 two-factor, 242-243 automation, WA SDNs (Wide Area Software Defined Networks), 261 avalanche photodiodes (APDs), 17 Azure, 52, 53, 163, 257 backbone networks, 14,104,120 backhaul (middle-mile) networks, 152-153, 175,197 199, 340-341 backups cellular, 263 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology, 263 duplicate fiber cabling, 263-264 mesh configuration, 192-193 in-band, on-channel (IBOC), 64 band steering, 376 bandwidth capabilities, 187 www.TechnicalPDF.com Gigabit Ethernet, 188-190 LANs (local area networks), 76 legacy systems, 187 bare metal servers, 47 Barnes & Noble, 159 base stations, 339 batteries backup, 204 life of, 365-366 beamforming, 372 Beats Electronics, 167 "beauty contests"326 Bell Laboratories, 128, 323 Bennett, Geoff, 6 Berklee College of Music, 93-94 Berners-Lee, Tim, 274 Best Buy, 153-154 Bezos, Jeff, 159 billing carrier networks, 28 signaling and, 221 Bitcoin, 303 bits, 39 black day viruses, 244 blade servers, 120 Blink, 160 Block Chain, 302-303 blocks, spectrum, 325-326 Bluetooth, 331-332 Blum, Rod, 199 Boingo, 379 bonding, 213, 248 Borders, 159 Boston 360, 35 Boston Conservatory of Music, 93-94 www.TechnicalPDF.com BPON (Broadband PON), 224 bps (bits per second), 39 Bps (bytes per second), 39 Brightcove, 290 Brin, Sergey, 155 broadband networks, 172-173, 228-229. See also LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks; signaling; VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) access to, 127 actual versus advertised speeds, 231 availability of, 275-277,315-316 backups, 263-265 bandwidth capabilities, 187 Carrier GigE (Gigabit Ethernet), 249-251 Gigabit Ethernet, 188-190 legacy systems, 187 cloud connections, 257-258 co-location facilities, 222-223 comparison of services, 262, 266-267 core networks, 175-176 definition of, 175 NFV (Network Function Virtualization), 177- SDN (Software Defined Networking), 176-177, 182-184 submarine network systems, 185-187 dedicated wavelengths, 251 cloud connections, 257-258 inter-ex