. A number of content distribution networks exist which facilitate content access through mirroring them at a storage site near an end subscriber. The content may be streaming video or audio, or software downloads. This is illustrated in Figure 14.17. At times this storage place is centralised, for example an aggregator server (e.g. YouTube). At other times the content is distributed across many devices and access is controlled through a platform (e.g. BitTorrent). The former paradigm is known as host-centric, where one accesses a 'host' at a particular internet address where the desired content is stored. The latter is known as information-centric where one looks for a particular content (e.g. a movie) on a peer-to- peer platform which then delivers it from multiple storage devices. The information-centric networking paradigm differs from host-centric networking in that the 'internet' address applies Content Delivery and Net Neutrality Figure 14.17 Content distribution networking Trusted server Connect to server X and get movie Server X Secured connection Figure 14.18 Host-centric paradigm to the content itself and not the address where it is stored. Such content then may be shared by and accessed from the nearest storage place with minimal transportation costs (Figure 14.18 and Figure 14.19). In essence the host-centric paradigm is about who to communicate with whereas the information-centric paradigm is about what to communicate [18, 19]. Connectivity retail players have a significant role to play in the new information-centric paradigm. Decentralised content delivery may be carried out by these operators where they maintain server and storage facilities which may mirror content from content providers, and compete with content distribution network (CDN) companies such as Akamai Technologies Inc. These retail layer companies are well placed as their mirror services can be co-located with their edge routers and thereby reduce latency as well as cost of trans- portation. The addressing can be to the content itsel