more on correct ser- vice operations. It emphasizes more on actual business collaboration taking into consideration the operator's guarantee of benefits. To maintain effective coopera- tion and also safeguard benefits from perspective of telecom operators is also a crucial aspect of security which should not be neglected. 6.4.3 Telecom Networks Regarding network security, there are mainly two aspects-network robustness and protection from various attacks. The pith of Cognitive NGSDP is to imple- ment adaption in order to further guarantee network robustness, while attacks detection and network protection should also be attached importance. Reference [67] concerns Denial of Service (DoS) attacks involved in SIP stan- dards, which should also be a consideration of IMS security. In order to protect the IMS network, the nonparametric Cumulative Sums (CUSUM) algorithm is pro- posed in this reference. Reference [68] pays attention on protecting IMS SDP from time independent attacks, including SQL injection and media flow attacks. All in all, both architecture modeling and network attacks should be considered when network security is concerned. Although research on network security has aroused attention, it is still a long way for us to proceed. 6.4.4 Software Engineering Integration of Web technologies is one of the characteristics of NGSDP; mean- while, it also produces new security concerns. As indicated in Ref. [69], Web service is regarded as the best candidate to design system interfaces. However, whether Web services technology can satisfy the telecom security requirements is still a question for telecom operators. WS-Policy, WS-Security, SOAP, and XML secure messages are all involved in Web service securities. Additionally, Ref. [70] introduces a platform to figure out security problems. The Evros platform is built on three components, the Evros card, the Evros gateway, and the Evros management server. The Evros card is a laptop personal computer card with an embedded wireless wide area network modem, processor,