Figure 5.7 Handset components. Reproduced with permission of UBM TechInsights. 19 19 http://www.ubmtechinsights.com. Wireless User Hardware Some of the components support functionalities that help sell the phone. In the iPhone the accelerometer would be one example, the GPS receiver another. These components also realise value to companies selling applications from an APP store, for example a gaming application or navigation-based or presence-based application. The memory functions are either user facing, supporting user applications or device facing, supporting protocol stack or physical layer processing in the phone (covered in more detail in Chapter 7). The application processor, display interface, touch-screen controller, audio codec, battery charger and USB controller and power-management chip and digital baseband processor all perform functions that are necessary for and/or enhance the user experience and in some cases help sell the phone in the first place, for instance the display and audio functions. The network operator is, however, predominantly interested in how at least some of this added value can be translated into network value. This brings us to connectivity that is the domain of the transceiver and power-amplifier modules with some help from the baseband processor and all the other components that are not identified but in practice determine the RF connectivity efficiency of the phone. As with displays and other user-facing functions, RF efficiency and enhanced functionality is achieved through a combination of materials innovation, manufacturing innovation and algorithmic innovation. Manufacturing innovation includes silicon scaling but also provides opportunities to exploit changes in material behaviour when implemented at the nanoscale level. We have noted the increasing use of MEMS in for example 3-axis gyroscopes. Gyroscopes, accelerometers and ink-jet printer heads all constitute a significant part of the established $45 billion market for MEMS devices. MEMS (microelectromechanical systems