t Effective offload of OPEX of tens of identification traffic to the small thousand more small CAPEX - surgical cells and mobility cells BTS placement support from the Manage multivendor (zoning and site macro layer cells acquisition) Coordinate traffic OPEX of backhaul between multivendor nodes Accurate customer 3GPP Release 10 SON development geolocation and beyond Automation of Streamlining Interference operational tasks equipment coordination Framework for installation between macro and multivendor support Utilize wireless small cells backhaul (LOS and Range extension of NLOS) the small cells Figure 9.2 Challenges and solutions of large-scale small cell deployments the small is located very close to the users, it can collect a lot of traffic and offload users from the macro cell. If the small cell is located in areas with weak macro signal, the coverage is larger compared to placing the small cell in an area with strong macro signal. The coverage-driven small cells tend to have larger coverage areas than capacity-driven small cells. The small cell installation should avoid direct line of sight to the macro cell because the small cell dominance area would be very small. One option is to use higher gain antenna in the small cell to improve the dominance area. 2. The measurements show that the radio quality in the small cells is generally good: small cells improve signal levels and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which make the overall network quality and application performance better. 3. The UE data rates improve with the small cells driven by higher signal quality and less simultaneous users. 4. The co-channel deployment between small cell and macro cell works fine in practise. Even multivendor co-channel case has been tested and shown good performance. UEs did not support enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) during these tests. 5. Small cells can offload macro cell traffic. The total data volume carried by the small cells and macro cells typically increases compared to the macro-only case while 