 the same reception quality, in absence of errors, as the more widely used DVB-T standard, but it is more suscepti- ble to errors. One recognized limitation with ATSC is that unlike DVB-T and ISDB-T, which are able to dynamically change the error correction modes, code rates, inter- leaver mode, and randomizer, ATSC cannot be adapted to changes in propagation conditions. However, despite ATSC's fixed transmission mode, under normal con- ditions, it is still a very robust waveform. DVB Standards DVB is a suite of internationally accepted, open standards for DTV maintained by the DVB Project (www.dvb.org). Services using the DVB stan- dards are available on every continent, with more than 110 million DVB receivers deployed. Formed in 1993, the DVB Project is responsible for designing global standards for the global delivery of DTV and data services. The DVB Project's 270+ membership includes broadcasters, manufacturers, regulatory bodies, software developers, network operators, and others from more than 35 countries. DVB stan- dards are published by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI; www.etsi.org), and there is considerable day-to-day cooperation between the two organizations. ETSI, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Stan- dardization (CENELEC; www.cenelec.org), and the European Broadcasting Union Multimedia Networking Requirements (EBU; www.ebu.ch) have formed a joint technical committee to handle the DVB family of standards. DVB standards are very similar to ATSC standards-including MPEG-2 video compression, packetized transport, and guidelines for a 1,080-line-by-1,920-pixel HDTV format-but they provide for different audio compression and transmission schemes. DVB embraces four main standards that define the physical and data link layers of a distribution system: DVB-S and DVB-S2 (satellite TV) )-DVB-S is an open standard for digital video broadcast over satellites, defined by ETSI and ratified in 1994. DVB-S supports only MPEG-2 encoded video streams. DVB-S2 is an open standard 