requirements for antenna connectors are used similar to those of LTE. On the con- trary, the FR2 implementations use integrated transceivers and antennas and the measurements cannot be conducted at the connectors, which was the case in the base sta- tions. Therefore, the OTA requirements were introduced to allow UE RF performance mea- surements. The requirements are defined for EIRP and maximum transmit power in FR2 using the cumulative distribution function of the EIRP values obtained/measured, when per- forming beamforming, over a full sphere with the UE at the center of the sphere (see Fig. 5.11). These requirements were introduced to ensure (in statistical sense) that the beam can be aimed at the intended direction and toward the serving BS while fulfilling the uplink link budget requirement [29]. New Radio Access RF and Transceiver Design Considerations Statistically ensure that the beam can be pointed to the desired direction (direction toward serving BS) with the range Measurement point EIRP (0,0) EIRP (dBm) Spherical Minimum Maximum Figure 5.11 OTA EIRP evaluation using cumulative distribution function [29]. Table 5.13: UE power classes in FR2 [3,29]. FR2 Power Class UE Type EIRP (dBm) TRP (dBm) Maximum Minimum Peak Spherical Maximum Fixed wireless terminal 32 (85%) Vehicle-mounted terminal 18 (60%) Mobile terminal 11.5 (50%) Fixed wireless terminal 25 (20%) In Fig. 5.11, the minimum peak value is defined as the value that at least one of the mea- sured EIRP values would be exceeded. The spherical coverage is defined as X% CDF, where the value must be maintained over (100-X)% - of the surface area of the sphere. The maximum value is defined as the value that the maximum measured EIRP must not exceed. The maximum EIRP is set based on regional regulatory requirements. The NR Rel-15 fur- ther considers methods to increase the effective range as well as increasing data rates for fixed wireless terminals. The NR UEs are categorized based on the power class in the stan- dards specifications. There are four powe