ver processing at the BS in the existence of perfect channel knowledge can be derived as special case of their imperfect CSI counterparts as follows. 3.5.4.1 MRC Receiver The SINR at the output of the MRC receiver for the uth user is (3.65) 3 FBMC: A Waveform Candidate for Beyond 5G The lower bound on the uplink rate is It is easy to verify that for 2Pd = Eu/L and L 8, the lower-bound Rm,P ~u,mrc u,mrc 3.5.4.2 ZF Receiver The ZF receiver SINR at the mth subcarrier of the uth user is derived as The above rate is lower bound as (3.66) If 2Pd Eu/L grows large, = and L one It is observed that similar to the OFDM-based massive MIMO systems, the uplink power scaling laws also hold for massive MIMO-FBMC systems in the existing of perfect channel knowledge at the base station. Figure 3.5a,b demonstrate the performance of FBMC and OFDM waveforms in the uplink of massive MIMO technology. FBMC waveform with N = 128 subcarriers is considered. Pilot and data symbols are drawn from the in-phase and quadrature components of 4-QAM constellation. Each of the subcarriers in FBMC is shaped using the IOTA filter [15] of length 4T. The matrix D comprises large-scale fading coefficients Bu (for 1 <u<U), which depend on geographical position of users in the cell as well as radio frequency of EM waves. These coefficients remain constant for multiple coherence intervals [60]. The coefficients Bu, for 1 < < are typically modelled as Bu = z"/(r"/rh)" [60], where zu is a log-normal random variable for the uth user with a standard deviation Oz, ru is the distance between the uth user and the BS and V is the path loss exponent. The large-scale fading matrix D = diag[0.749, 0.045, 0.246, 0.121, 0.125, 0.142, 0.635, 0.256] [61] is a snapshot of the above model with O = 8 dB, V = 3.8, rh = 100 metres and ru = 1000 metres. The small-scale fading channel from each user to the base station is considered to be complex Gaussian of length Lh = 6 with uniform power delay profile. Each user transmits M = U number of OQAM pilot symbols on each subcarrier