LS evolution, 379-380 Aerial fibers, 192 command, 302-306 ATH. See Absolute Threshold of A-law companding, 5, 17-18 types, 277-278 Hearing Algebraic CELP (ACELP) codecs, Anti-aliasing filters, 12 Atmosphere APDs. See Avalanche absorption, 244-246, 262 Aliasing distortion, 11-13 Photodiodes ionosphere. See Ionosphere Alignment, frame, 21-23 Aperture antennas, 277 noise, 262-263 Index Attenuation, 40-41 BCD. See Binary Coded Decimal Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), buildings and trees, 242-243 representation 399-400 CPA, 246-247 B-channels, 373-374 Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem diffraction, 239-242 BCH. See Bose-Chaudhuri- (BCH) codes, 95-96, 205 free-space, 260 Hocquenghem codes Boundary conditions in ionospheric, 248 Beam antennas, 277-278, 302-303 electromagnetism, 221-223 polarized ground wave Beam-forming process for arrays, Bridge Protocol Data Units transmissions, 263 (BPDUs), 416 single-mode fiber, 128 Beam steering, 289-291 Brillouin scattering, 138-139 Sommerfeld-Norton theory, Beam waveguide feed systems, Broadside arrays, 285 252-254 Buildings, attenuation from, Auditory perception, 8-9 Beamwidth 242-243 Autocorrelation, 3-4 arrays, 286-287 Bunched framing strategy, 21 Automatic Protection Switching radiation from apertures, 282 Burst error correcting codes, 97 Protocol (APS), 418 Bearer channels (B-channels), Burst loss, 79 Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs), 373-374 167, 175 BEBs. See Backbone Edge Bridges Axial mode in multimode fibers, Belief propagation algorithm, 101 C-VLANs. See Customer VLANs 120-122 Bend-insensitive fibers, 133 CAC. See Connection Admission Axial ratio in elliptical BER. See Bit Error Rate Control polarization, 234 Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, 96 Carrier-Grade Ethernet, 404-405 Axisymmetric Cassegrain Bessel functions, 282 Carrier-Suppressed Return to antennas, 301-302 BGP. See Border Gateway Zero (CSRZ), 203 Axisymmetric parabolic Protocol Cartesian frame for Maxwell's reflectors, 292-293 BGP-4 protocol, 387 equations, 220 Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Cassegrain reflector antennas, represen