ge is just 1,000 to 5,000 feet (300 m to 1.5 km), with performance degrading over longer distances. With its greater bandwidth of 12MHz, the maximum data rates are up to 55Mbps downstream and up to 15Mbps upstream. Actual speeds vary, depending on dis- tance and configuration. The following are some possible scenarios: Distance Downstream Rate Upstream Rate Asymmetrical 3,000 ft. (900 m) 26Mbps 3Mbps Asymmetrical 1,000 ft. (300 m) 52Mbps 6Mbps Symmetrical 3,000 ft. (900 m) 13Mbps 13Mbps Symmetrical 1,000 ft. (300 m) 26Mbps 26Mbps VDSL is a very high-capacity technology, and its performance degrades rapidly over distances, so it is really meant to be almost a sister technology to fiber-to-the- node (FTTN), discussed later in this chapter, going the very short distance from the curb to the home. (Or in the case of fiber-to-the-home/fiber-to-the-premises [FTTH/FTTP] with an MDU, VDSL could be run over twisted-pair from the fiber coming into the building to each apartment.) The main application for VDSL is short-loop environments, such as MDUs or MTUs. VDSL2 VDSL2 standardization efforts started in January 2004. Consent and approval of the ITU-T G.993.2 recommendation were reached in 2005. The key applications for VDSL2 are the next generation of TV-VOD, DTV, HDTV, and forms of interac- tive multimedia Internet access. (Chapter 10 provides more information on TV Cable TV Networks standards.) VDSL2 uses the same DMT modulation as ADSL, with two bandwidth options: LR-VDSL2-12MHz-Specifiedas G.993.2, LR-VDSL2-12MHz is the "long reach" alternative, supporting up to 55Mbps downstream and up to 30Mbps upstream. However, when it is used over longer distances, the data rates drop. For instance, at 2.5 to 3 miles (4 to 5 km), the downstream rate drops to 1Mbps to 4Mbps. SR-VDSL2-30MHz-Specified as G.993.2, SR-VDSL2-30MHz is the "short reach" option, enabling up to 100Mbps in both directions, albeit over very short distances of 0.3 miles (0.5 km) or less. VDSL2 supports a larger variety of services, including integrated QoS fe