tivity network Packet backbone Corporate ISP etc WLAN hot spot GSM)GPRS/EDGE PSTN/ISDN Cable GERAN UTRAN Roles fixed wireless access Figure 5.20 Integrating the corners at service network revenue level Services (CPE, Other network Terminal if any) Content content Colour display Game ABC Messaging and presence services, WAP/WAP gateway, interactivity Servers such as MSC server, HSS Bandwidth GPRS/EDGE Packet (TDM) backbone GPRS/EDGE UMTS terminal RBS RNC Figure 5.21 A network designed for a game called ABC, made for mobile terminals Service enablers add value The challenge: to make terminals, to network resources and services and network work together. terminals Need for middleware API interfaces for fast application creation Application Terminal support if any Content Content Applications Service enablers Service enablers Network control and intelligence Access Core connectivity Clever clients, Call and session control is of Peers Broader accesses Mobility permit new services Uniform backbone outmost importance for the with QoS for all continuity of operators Mobile and fixed targeted services business models both today and tomorrow Figure 5.22 The business view of the horizontal network 0.005 ms/km propagation delay to the overall delay. For packetized voice other delays (coding, packetization, dejitterization) are together normally larger. The main issue from a business point of view becomes the delay variations for real- time services. IP was not designed for real-time services, but is improving. ATM AAL1 and/or ATM AAL2 are initial candidates in layer 2 in order to guarantee multi-service capabilities. ATM can carry multi-services with different QoS requirements. The ATM core functions like a single large group switch, enhancing engineering and dimensioning. Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business Classical Real-time MM telephony H323,SIP Controller/Server Call control bearer bearer bearer Figure 5.23 The main voice bearer alternatives Granular services and guarantee