e 8.3 Image Processing Software - Processor and Memory Requirements Each of the algorithms and filter functions discussed occupy processor clock cycles. Most of them also occupy memory space. For JPEG, the DCT transform, quantisation, variable length coding and AC/DC prediction all have an impact on processor loading. For MPEG, motion estimation, shape coding and texture coding add to the encoder/decoder overhead. Quite often there are just not enough clock cycles to go round. 8.3.1 Image Processing Hardware This is why most image processing chains in mobile phones use hardware coprocessors/ hardware accelerators to meet power-budget and latency constraints. The power-budget/ latency-budget issue has also prompted device vendors to suggest and sometimes implement a range of new memory and DSP and microcontroller architectures optimised for media processing/image processing applications. This creates a number of complex decision issues when designers are trying to decide on which algorithms to use on which hardware platform. 8.3.2 Image Processing, Voice Processing and Audio Processing An additional complication is that it is not just the image processing chain that we need to deal with but also voice and audio. The inclusion of wideband high-quality solid-state microphones in high-end cameras today is a sign that enhanced audio-capture capabilities will be an inherent part of future camera phone products - the addition of hear what i hear (HWIH) to see what i see (SWIS) as part of the user experience. From a mobile broadband revenue perspective the challenge is to make 'this is what I am looking at now' have more value than 'this is what I was looking at then'. This means that camera-phone connectivity to a mobile broadband network has to be easy and low cost and image quality has to be as good as you get with an SLR for fixed image capture or a high-end video camera for video capture. In practice there is a growing overlap between camera phones, SLR cameras and video cameras. Can a camera phone be as good as the