ntain diverse service functionality, as well as quality of service provision. Have an inherent easy to use man-machine interface to minimize personnel train- ing requirements. Support a multiple set of protocols and open interfaces to interact with multi- vendor equipment. In the context of GSM as a 2G system, a basic set of capabilities will include network management applications in combination with technology specific features to appropri- ately deploy and operate all components of a complex GSM/GPRS/UMTS network. 8.3.3 A Generic Functional View of a 3G NMS System Figure 8.4 illustrates a reference architecture of an integrated NMS system capable of managing a combined 2G/3G network. A layered approach allows us to address the complex hybrid system to monitor, i.e. GSM and UMTS NEs and performance. 5 For example, IP, ATM; WCDMA, etc. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology At the network management level the essential functions would include: Fault control - control and monitor the function and performance of allocated net- work resources Ticketing and reporting - trouble reporting and service assignment to the opera- tions team Set up and configuration - assist in complex system parameter configuration Resource management - data and inventory tracking to provide visibility of avail- able physical resources in the network. SERVICE MANAGEMENT LAYER Integration Links NETWORK MANAGEMENT LAYER: Fault control, Ticketing and reporting set-up and configuration resource management Integration Plane SUB-NETWORK MANAGEMENT LAYER GMS/GPRS Transport System: Multi-Vendor Env. Integrated UMTS: Control Centre - Backbone (SDH), mngt, - LAN/IP NEs: - Radio Access - MW link mngt. - VAS elements - Packet Switch - ATM/IP layer mngt. - Fault report NEs - Circuit Switch - Monitoring NEs Interface Plane NETWORK ELEMENT LAYER Figure 8.4 A layered NMS architecture reference. At the sub-network management layer, the integrated architecture will aim to gather different sub-domains into one domain. This blending of different control