M architecture, 162 SDTV sample rate selection, 484 Voice trunking, 172 video systems, 498 VoIP technology, 189 Virtual carrier sense mechanism, 417 frame relay, 198 Virtual circuit (VC), 169-70 IP network protocols, to support voice, 193 Virtual machine (VM), 109 class-based queuing (CBQ), 196-7 Virtual private network (VPN), 8, 197-8, 200, 401 Class of Service (CoS) VS. Quality of Service (QoS), 194 Viterbi algorithm, 212 differential services, 194 Viterbi trellis decoder, 395 IEEE 802.1 p/Q, 194 VLANs, 185, 194 prioritized queuing, 196 priority queuing, 196 Voice Activity Detection (VAD), 191-92 Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), 195-6 Voice Frame Relay access devices (VFRADs), 175, 176, 177 UDP ports, 194 Voice networking, 165-6 VLANs, 194 Voice over ATM (VoATM), 167 weighted fair queuing (WFQ), 196 addressing, 169 IP network, voice traffic needs in, 189 ATM trunking, using AAL2, 174-5 codec selection, 192 benefit, 170 duplex, 192 circuit emulation services (CES), 173-5 echo, 191 and delay, 170 jitter, 190 routing, 169-70 packet delay, 190 signaling, 169 packet loss, 190-92 standards and specifications, 172-3 packet mis-order, 191 technical challenges, 170 silence suppression software, 191-92 compression algorithms, 171 transcoding, 191 echo, 170 IP softphone, PC considerations using, 192-3 end-to-end delay, 170-71 Network Address Translation (NAT), 198 signaling, 171 network design recommendations, 198-200 silence suppression, 171 VPN (Virtual Private Network), 197-8 synchronization, 171-72 WAN considerations, 197 Voice over Frame Relay (VoFR), 168, 175 Voltage reflection coefficient, in transmission lines, 55-6 network equipping, 175 Voltage standing wave radio (VSWR), 57-8, 92 controlling variable delay, 177-8 and reflection coefficient, 58 data network and implications, 176 Voronoi region, 210 data network, voice-enabling, 176-7 echo cancellation, 178 fragmentation, 177 Wave impedance, 22 prioritization, 177 Waveform development, in SDR, 110-11 silence suppression, 178 Waveform distortion and frequency