t achieve their cost reduction through a scaled-down component architecture, innovative design, and automation. There are already amplifiers that cost about $3,000 targeted at the metro market, and it Chapter 5 is possible that in the future amplifier costs will approach the sub- $1,000 price range. Direct router access to optics Capabilities related to Optical Domain Service Interconnect (ODSI) are emerging. The means by which electrically based network devices such as IP routers, Layer 2 switches, and metro transport devices interoperate with an optical core deserves attention. Proponents advance the idea that the optical layer must effectively internetwork with the devices listed, bridging the electro-optical boundary in today's global telecommunications networks. These technologies, however, are perhaps better suited for long-haul applications and possibly for some metro core applications. The possibility of cost-effective use in metro access remains to be demonstrated. The ODSI specification is the industry's first electrical-optical interface protocol to support IP routing over optical layers of the public network. The coalition has created and written code for a specification that brings cooperation among access, edge, and core devices, and also supports signaling for legacy third-party devices. The goal of the ODSI coalition is to hand off its work to the industry's established standard- setting bodies such as the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF), the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the ITU, and T1/X1. In late 2000, the ODSI coalition announced the successful completion of the first multivendor interoperability testing of the ODSI specification. Alcatel, Equipe Communications, Redback Networks, Sycamore Networks, and Tenor Networks demonstrated a successful multivendor implementation of ODSI's standards-based protocol specification between various IP and optical devices. Optical User-Network Interface (O-UNI) and Optical Network-Node Interface (O-NNI) were introduced in Chapter 2 and are covere