urement report and the ability of the power control and handover algorithms to interpret and act on the observed information - this is algorithmic value. Release 99 WCDMA introduced more aggressive power control (an outer loop power control every 10 milliseconds and an inner power control loop running at 1500 Hz), a substantially greater dynamic range of power control (80 dB) and the ability to change data rate and channel coding at ten-millisecond intervals. HSDPA simplifies power control but allows data rates and coding and modulation to be changed initially at 2-millisecond intervals and in the longer term at half-millisecond Future Trends, Forecasting, the Age of Adaptation and More Transformative Transforms intervals. LTE takes this process a step further and can opportunistically map symbols to OFDM subcarriers enjoying favourable propagation conditions. The context in which the data rate and channel coding and symbol mapping decisions are taken is based on a set of channel quality indicators (CQIs). This is a composite value (one of 30 possible values) which indicates the maximum amount of data the handset thinks it should be able to receive and send, taking into consideration current channel conditions and it's designed capabilities (how many uplink and downlink multicodes and/or OFDM subcarriers and modulation schemes it supports). There are, however, many additional contextual conditions that determine admission policy. These include fairly obviously the level of service to which the user has subscribed but also the local loading on the network. Admission policy may also be determined by whether sufficient storage, buffer or server bandwidth is available to support the application. So, we have a 30-year example of evolution in cellular network design in which step-function changes have been made that deliver more adaptability over a wide dynamic range (scale) based on increasingly complex contextual information. It is this process of increasingly aggressive adaptation that has realised a progressive inc