size of the resource allocation, is limited to products of the integers 2, 3, and 5 such that the DFT can be implemented as a combination of relatively less complex radix-2, radix-3, and radix- 5 FFT processing. The block of vectors Nsymb corresponding to layers precoded as follows: where = ap antenna port. For non- codebook-based transmission, the precoding matrix W is an identity matrix. However, for codebook-based transmission, the precoding matrix W is a scaler equal to one for single- layer transmission on a single-antenna port; otherwise, depending on value of the transmit- ted precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) index obtained from the DCI scheduling the uplink transmission, it will be chosen from a set of predefined matrices [6]. As an example, Table 4.32 provides the entries of the precoding vectors for single-layer transmission using two antenna ports. Table 4.32: Precoding matrix W for single-layer transmission using two antenna ports [6]. Index 0 Index 1 Index 2 Index 3 Index 4 Index 636 Chapter 4 For each antenna port used for transmission of PUSCH, the block of complex-valued sym- bols () (0), (p) (Maymb 1) are scaled by a factor of BPUSCH to adjust the transmit power and sequentially mapped, starting with () (0), to virtual resource elements (k', 1) in the vir- tual resource blocks assigned for PUSCH transmission. The physical resource blocks corre- sponding to the latter virtual resources must not be used for transmission of DM-RS, PT- RS, or DM-RS intended for other co-scheduled UEs. The mapping to virtual resource ele- ments (k',1) is in increasing order of frequency index k' over the assigned virtual resource blocks, where k'= 0 is the first subcarrier in the lowest numbered virtual resource block fol- lowed by time index 1. The virtual resource blocks are then mapped to physical resource blocks in a non-interleaved manner. For non-interleaved VRB-to-PRB mapping, virtual resource block n is mapped to physical resource block n. While dynamic scheduling is the basic mode of operation in NR, the res