eless Communication System in Healthcare Informatics K = 12 Analytical (N = 128) Simulation (N = 128) Analytical (N = 4) Simulation (N = 4) FIGURE 3.2 Effect of N and K on the OP [16]. K = 12 K = 4 Analytical ( N=128;p=1) Simulation( N=128;p =1) Analytical ( N=128;p =0) Simulation( N=128;p =0) FIGURE 3.3 Impact of p and K on the OP for N = 128 [16]. Beamforming in Massive MIMO Communications Without Optimization After Optimization FIGURE 3.4 Result of beamforming optimization. outage probability for all the threshold values showing improvement in the overall outage probability. 3.6 CONCLUSION This chapter gave an exposition of recent works on the mMIMO downlink systems and presented a technique for achieving a closed-form analytical solution of OP for a statistical CSI based Rayleigh fading channel by employing an IQF approach. KPIs are examined by encompassing the impact of several system parameters. REFERENCES 1. Marzetta, T. L. "Noncooperative cellular wireless with unlimited numbers of base station antennas," IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 3590-3600, Nov. 2010. 2. Rusek, F. et al., "Scaling up MIMO: Opportunities and challenges with very large arrays," IEEE Signal Process. Mag., vol. 30, pp. 40-46, Jan. 2013. Cisco. Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update. [Online]. Available: www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/executive-perspecti ves/annual-internet-report/white-paper-c11-741490.htr 4. Lu, L. Li, G. Y. Swindlehurst, A. L. Ashikhmin, A. and Zhang, R. "An overview of massive MIMO: Benefits and challenges," IEEE J. Sel.Topics Signal Process., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 742-758, Oct. 2014. 5G Wireless Communication System in Healthcare Informatics 5. Li, M. Lin, M. Zhu, W. P. Huang, Y. Nallanathan, A. and Yu, Q. "Performance analysis of MIMO MRC systems with feedback delay and channel estimation error," IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 707-717, Feb. 2016. 6. van Chien, T. Björnson, E. and Larsson. E. G. (Jan. 2016). "Joint power allocation and us