auses of leakage and the percentage loss from a cause, varies from telecom company to company. The usual process employed by a revenue assurance solution is to check for the most common revenue leakage scenarios, identify the actual cause that are affecting the company, make a measure of the scale of leakage due to each cause, correct the leakage cause, minimize the leakage, and reevaluate the causes. This leads to continuous improvement. 24. Transaction document management: This is used for applications that require invoices generated for customer billing. These applications convert text and image content to print streams. When the report document is a Web format, the content is converted to Web-ready stream. These streams can then be displayed on a variety of media including paper bills. The document production has three main steps. They are selection, conver- sion, and generation. In selection the format template, the data input source, and the rules for associating the data input with the format template are identified. In conversion the billing files are formatted based on the template. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS These formatted documents are then stored for future reference. Using these documents in the final generation stage the desired file streams (print, web, xml) are generated. 25. SLA management: The service level agreement the service provider has with the customer needs to be constantly monitored for compliance. This is achieved by measuring attributes that can be monitored for business contracts made with the customer. The SLA management system identifies potential breach conditions and fixes issues before an actual SLA breach occurs. In cases were an actual breach occurs, the operator is notified SO that the issue can be com- municated to the customer and suitable compensations are provided as per breach terms defined in SLA. The QoS guaranteed to the customer is a form of the SLA. Degradation of QoS is a direct indication on the possibility of breaching SLA. Any service quality degradat