tion Residue, 656 information, see Information Return loss, 563 Index Reversible computation/transformation, see Shumacher's Computation quantum coding theorem, see Theorem Rice codes, see Code quantum compression, 457, 469-74 Riemann integral, 587 Sibling property (rule), 193 Rivest, R., 424, 536 Signal-to-noise ratio, 226, 267, 278 Rolling dice, 4, 16, 21, 22, 34, 44, 53-6 Similarity transformation, 333, 338 Roman numerals, see Numerals Simultaneous secret exchange, 543 Rosen, xiii Singh, S., 61, 69, 424 Rotation operator, see Operator Sit, 45 Roulette game, 170 Solomonoff, R., 96 Round (DES), 531 SONET, 592 Sony, 592 challenges, XV, 411, 415, 523, 537, Sound compression, 185 cryptosystem, 523, 536-40 digital, 161 modulus, 425 Source Security, 537 coding theorem, see Theorem standard, 424, 428 continuous, 84 discrete, see Events S-box, 542 extension, 163, 206 Sample space, 2 information, 53 Satellite communications, 224, 225 language, 57 Schmidt memoryless, 206 coefficients, 438, 439, 662 quantum, 434 decomposition, 438, 662-3 random, 52, 53 Schneier, B., 425, 540 Space Odyssey (2001), 39 Schrödinger's cat, see Cat Spanish language source, 160 SDH (or SONET), 592 Spectral Second law/principle of thermodynamics, see decomposition of operator, see Operator Thermodynamics density, see Information spectral efficiency Secret Speech/voice exchange (simultaneous), see Simultaneous analog-to-digital (A-D), 592 key, see Key compression, 591 Semantic-dependent coding, see Coding Speed of light, 356, 371 Shamir, A., 424, 536 Standard Shank algorithm, see Algorithm audio and video, xix Shannon, C.E., 50, 52, 69, 85, 86, 256, 283, compression, see Compression deviation, 21 Shannon Stark, J. B., 278 code, 144, 145, 148, 149, 152, 155 State Fano code, 144, 152, 154-6, 167, 168, 175, 176, ancilla, 354 Bell or EPR (-), 310, 318, 356, 362-5, 367, 369, first theorem, see Theorem, source-coding 370, 374, 388, 448, 559-61, 637 entropy, see Entropy cat (-), 307 information definition, 37 collapse, 307, 357, 358, 363, 371, 559-62 inf