t resources-switches, routers, connections-need to be utilized in setting up the infrastructure. Once the resources are allo- cated, next the resources need to be configured. This includes configuration of service parameters for the various customer instances and the configuration of elements making up the network. Next the service is activated. The ele- ment managers send activation commands to the configured resources. The agents feed the equipment status and other management data to the element managers. Service providers look for flow-through provisioning and activation solutions that require minimal or no manual intervention. These solutions will interact with inventory and monitoring modules, SO that a single mouse click can result in selection, assignment, and provisioning of resources. Order management: The solution for order management will have a Web user interface (UI) or graphical user interface (GUI) that guides the user through the ordering process. The range of services that can be offered has increased, SO has the value-added services offered with the basic service. There are also bundled services offered where a single order would have multiple services like phone, broadband internet, TV subscription, and SO on. The order man- agement is the main input feed for offering a service and there would be multiple inputs required in order management that may not be relevant for all customers. So the order management system needs to provide default values to ensure that order is completed in the minimum time possible and also be robust to avoid any errors in the order. Once the order is taken, the order What Is OSS and BSS? management solution also has to trigger modules like service provisioning to complete the order. Trouble ticket management: Centralized management of defects including ensuring defect closure and providing consolidated reports is required for infrastructure and product planning. The trouble ticket manager interfaces with fault management modules in the network and provides a centraliz