state security. Broadband telecommunications has been called the infrastructure of the 21st century, and is considered as important as electricity, water, roads and other national infrastructure. Many of our needs are delivered over this infrastructure such as education, health, information, entertainment, security, social connectivity and SO on. Efficient development, management and operation of broadband telecommunications are high on the agenda of governments of developed and developing countries. Most national governments generally have aimed to ensure access to high quality telecom- munications services are provided to the society on an equitable basis. An infrastructure 'connect people' and facilitate fast and reliable messaging continues to be a multifaceted strategic asset. This book focuses on broadband telecommunications as an ecosystem designed not only to connect people to each other, but also as a means to connect people to content and services such as information, entertainment, work, trade, goods, and SO on. It is more than just an infrastructure: it also contains means of customer service, data collection and content delivery. An end-user connects to a broadband telecommunications infrastructure managed by a business entity that ensures high quality information transfer. The sub- scriber connectivity needs are managed by a service provision retailer who not only connects the users to others, but also delivers content from countless sources worldwide. This industry ecosystem can be drawn as a three-layer diagram as shown in Figure 1.2. We will demonstrate the complexity of the underlying technologies, business structure, and policy requirement of constructing and operating this ecosystem, and describe models which can be used for its analysis. For this ecosystem to operate efficiently several factors need to be considered. Each layer uses a range of different technologies, each of which contributes to system efficiency. Moreover, diverse business models and industry alliances may exist at and acros