ill, of course, also follow or drive new tech- 5 years ago. Even though Moore's law is not a law of nologies to stay ahead of competition. Thus, there is physics, it gives an indication of the rapid technology a key driving force in staying competitive or becoming evolution for integrated circuits. This evolution enables competitive. faster processing/computing in smaller devices at lower From the technical perspective, the development in cost. Similarly, the rapid development of color screens, areas like digital cameras and color displays enables new small digital cameras, etc. makes it possible to envisage fancier services than the existing mobile-communication services in a device that were seen as utopia 10 years ago. services. To be able to provide those services, the mobile- For an example of the terminal development in the past communication systems need to be upgraded or even 20 years, see Figure 4.2-1. 1 Moore's law is an empirical observation, and states that with the present rate of technological development, the complexity of an integrated circuit, with respect to minimum component cost, will double in about 18 months. Communications Engineering Desk Reference; ISBN: 9780123746481 Copyright © 2007, Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Skold and Per Beming. Published by Elsevier Ltd 2001. All rights reserved CHAPTER 4.2 The motives behind the 3G evolution Figure 4.2-1 The terminal development has been rapid in the past 20 years. The size and weight of the mobile terminals have been difficult to predict what service(s) will be popular in a reduced dramatically during the past 20 years. The 5- to 10-year perspective. In fact, the engineers have to standby and talk times have also been extended design a system that can adapt to any service that might dramatically and the end users do not need to re-charge become popular and used in the future. Unfortunately, their devices every day. Simple black-and-white (or there are also technical limitations that need to be un- brown-and-gray) numerical screens have e