 308 cloud computing, 44, 49-50, 53 data centers, 80 expansion and diversification, 159 expenses, 126 Fire TV, 283 machine learning in, 22 network neutrality issues, 313-314 services and offerings, 159 subscriber numbers, 216 subsidiaries and purchases, 159-160 video conferencing services, 109 American Movil, 327-328 American Tower, 349 amplifiers, 9-10 analog signaling, 63 antennas DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems), 354 MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output), 356-357, 359, 370-371 any-to-any networks, 237. See also MPLS (Multi- Protocol Label Switching) AOL, 135 APDs (avalanche photodiodes), 17 APIs (application programming interfaces), 47, 260 Apollo Global Management, 47 APON (ATM PON), 224 Apple AAC (Advanced Audio Coding), 31 acquisitions by, 166-167 www.TechnicalPDF.com Apple Music, 5, 31 AppleTV, 283 devices and offerings, 165-166 appliances, 242 application programming interfaces (APIs), 47, 260 applications, cloud computing and, 58-60 aQuantive, 165 AR (augmented reality), 37 ARM Holdings, Plc.21 ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency), 23 asymmetric channels, transitioning to symmetric coaxial cable capacity, 214 DOCSIS standards, 213-215, 225 QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 214-215 Asymmetric DSL (ADSL), 267 asynchronous protocols, 191 breakup of, 128, 168 cable TV services, 129-130 co-location facilities, 223 expenses, 126 FTTH (fiber to the home), 208-209 ISP services, 276 large enterprise reliance on, 130 lobbying by, 148 mergers and acquisitions, 126, 129-130, 132-133, 151-152,329 rate of return guarantees, 139 resellers, 155 rural availability of, 315 spectrum blocks, 327 subscription services, 216 Wi-Fi hotspots, 379-380 zero rating, 313 Atlantic Broadband, 153 www.TechnicalPDF.com ATM PON (APON), 224 attacks, 296-298 distributed Denial of Service (DoS), 52 DoS (Denial of Service), 52,119 insider breaches, 299-300 ransomware, 304 recognition of, 301 redress against hackers, 304-305 resistance to, 298-299 response to, 301 security software, 299 auctions, allocating spectrum with, 326-328