main Routing), 260, CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data 272-274 Systems), 304 Cingular, 707 ccTLDs (country code TLDs), 282-283 Ciphers, 375-376 CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) Ciphertext, 376 MediaFLO with, 711 CIR (committed information rate), 226-227, 483 spread spectrum technology, 568-569 Circuit-Switched Data (CSD), 592 TD-SCDMA, 606 Circuit switching, 87-92 TDD/TD-CDMA, 605 advantages/disadvantages of, 87-89 UMTS/W-CDMA, 601-602 connection-oriented, 84-85 W-CDMA. See W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA) ISDN-based, 212-215 CDMA-MC (CDMA Multi-Carrier), 607-608 leased-line based, 203-212 CDMA Multi-Carrier (CDMA-MC), 607-608 overview of, 87 CDMA2000, 606-608, 612 packet switching VS., 99-100 CDMA450, 609 types of, 203 cdmaOne, 590-591, 607 Circuits CDPD (Cellular Digit Packet Data), 583-584 ASTN, 478 CEBus (Consumer Electronic Bus) standard, overview of, 4 540-541, 543 two-wire VS. four-wire, 4-7 Cells, 93-95, 563 virtual, 9-10 Index Clarke, Arthur C., 61-62 Committed information rate (CIR), 226-227, 483 Class 4 office, 8 Common-channel signaling (CCS), 131-132 Class 5 office, 8 Common Open Policy Service. See COPS (Com- Class-Based Queuing (CBQ), 357, 444 mon Open Policy Service) Class of service (CoS), 290-291 Communications channels, 83-102 Class Selectors, DiffServ, 301 networking modes, 84-85 Classification, QoS, 295-296 overview of, 83-84 Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR), 260, PSTN VS. Internet, 100-102 272-274 switching modes. See Switching modes CLECs (competitive local exchange carriers), 105 Competitive local exchange carriers (CLECs), 105 Client, 252 Compressed Real-Time Transport Protocol Closed user groups, Frame Relay, 222 (CRTP), 330 Cluster trees, ZigBee, 673 Compression CMTSs (cable modem termination systems) in spectrum reuse, 576-577 defined, 510 video formats, 344, 393-396 DOCSIS architecture with, 514 Concentrators. See Intelligent multiplexing overview of, 512-513 Conditioning, QoS, 295-296 Co-channel interference, 555 Conductors, circuits, 4-5 Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexi