zation Trends in Data Transmission Resources 3 Digital Video Transmission John Charles Woods Digital Representation of Video Raw Digital Video: Motivation for Compression Compression Overview Spatial, Temporal, and Statistical Redundancy Structure of the Coded Information Video Transport over the Internet Countering Loss Effects Conclusions References 4 Coding M. D. Macleod The Need for Error Control Coding Principles of ECC Block Coding Interleaved and Concatenated Codes Contents Cyclic Codes Convolutional Codes Turbo and LDPC Codes Lattice and Trellis Codes Space-Time Codes Encryption Spread-Spectrum Systems References Part 2 Transmission Media 5 Optical Fibers Takis Hadjifotiou Introduction The Structure and Physics of an Optical Fiber Material Characteristics of Fibers-Losses Material Characteristics of Fibers-Dispersion Multimode Fibers Single-Mode Fibers Special Single-Mode Fibers Special Fibers Nonlinear Optical Effects in Fibers Future Evolution of Optical Fiber Communications References 6 Optical Fiber Transmission Paul Urquhart Introduction Single-Channel Transmission Wavelength Division Multiplexing Amplification in Optical Systems Amplifier Noise in Optical Systems Bit Error Rate Chromatic Dispersion: System Implications Chromatic Dispersion: Mitigation Polarization Mode Dispersion Nonlinear Optical Transmission Modulation Formats Forward Error Correction System Design and Implementation Conclusion Resources 7 Electromagnetic Waves J. H. Causebrook and R. V. Goodman Fundamental Laws of Electromagnetism Generation of the Electromagnetic Waves Reception of the Electromagnetic Waves The Space Wave The Sky Wave Ground Waves and Surface Waves References Contents 8 Radio Wave Propagation Mark Holker Introduction The Radio Frequency Spectrum Free-Space Propagation The Propagation Medium Low- and Medium-Frequency Ground Waves High-Frequency Sky Wave Propagation Terrestrial Line-of-Site Propagation Over-the-Horizon Transmissions Propagation for Satellite Communications Conclusion References Resources 9 Antenna