in 5G/NR 3GPP defines multiple deployment scenarios to guide requirements and protocol specifica- tions in TS22.261, as summarized in (Table 11-1). We identify the following key performance indicators (KPI) (3GPP 38.913): Latency. Defined as the (one-way) latency for delivery of an application layer packet/ message from the radio protocol layer 2/3 service data unit (SDU) ingress point to the radio protocol layer 2/3 SDU egress point via the radio interface in both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) directions, where neither device nor base station reception is restricted by Discontinuous Reception or other energy-savin techniques. For URLLC, the target for user plane latency should be 0.5 ms for UL, and 0.5 ms for DL. Reliability. Reliability can be evaluated by the success probability of transmitting X bytes within a certain delay, which is the time it takes to deliver a small data packet from the radio protocol layer 2/3 SDU ingress point to the radio protocol layer 2/3 SDU egress point of the radio interface, at a certain channel quality (e.g., coverage-edge). A general URLLC reliability requirement for one transmission of a packet is 10-5 for 32 bytes with a user plane latency of 1 ms. Table 11-1 Ultra-reliable low-latency communication use cases and requirements. Scenario End-to-end latency (ms) Reliability (%) Discrete automation (motion control) 99.9999 Electricity distribution-high voltage 99.9999 Remote control 99.999 Discrete automation 99.99 Intelligent transport systems-infrastructure backhaul 99.9999 Process automation-remote control 99.9999 Process automation-monitoring Electricity distribution-medium voltage Chapter 11 Differentiation by use case Availability/coverage. Max Coupling Loss (maxCL) in UL and DL between device and base station site [antenna connector(s)] for a data rate of 160 bps, where the data rate is observed at the egress/ingress point of the radio protocol stack in UL and DL. The target for coverage should be 164 dB. Link budget and/or link level analysis are used as the evaluation me