he need for 'broadband'. The reason is the fast Internet WWW and video services or other bandwidth-consuming services that can be downloaded from the servers, or from peers, such as the above-mentioned Napster. We are now experiencing a dynamic time: the perception of the end users changes over time, new standards are produced continuously and implemented into the networks, new network solutions are designed by vendors. New network solutions are introduced in existing (or sometimes new) networks by the operators/service providers. New services are produced, maybe by third-party developers. New roles in the value chain are created or disappear. New services are marketed towards the end users. The end users show their power by choosing services and operators. There are other dynamics as well, if regulators and society are taken into consideration. Some of the new standards can be seen in Figure 3.14. There are two drivers: broadband for IP-traffic (or indeed only wideband (up to 2 Mbit/s) in some cases) and voice conver- gence (VoIP, VoATM, VoFR). This is where we are today. The next step is likely to be MM/IP (multimedia over IP), combined with a full-fledged mobile Internet, in addition to the fixed Internet. See Figure 3.15. Summing up the convergence SO far IP has a key role in connecting everything together, by means of its capability to surf over other networks, and some killer applications like WWW and e-mail. Figure 3.16 shows an important feature of IP networks, which is to utilize and achieve internetworking across other networks. By the way IP is no longer just global; it is used for interplanetary communication between the earth and Mars. Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business Servers Portals Adaptation to information society: Packetized voice for Service Extended use of the Cu-pair multi-service and multimedia provider PLMN 2G 2.5G 3G (VolP GPRS packet data channel UMTS WCDMA path VoATM Cable TV Hybrid fibre coax Figure 3.14 New enablers for convergence Two I