ation Network Management (NGNM) Networks are evolving rapidly to meet current demands of unification and conver- gence. This new holistic view of the network also requires significant change in the management of the network. Many standardizing bodies are working in this regard for coming up with the requirements for Next Generation Network Management (NGNM). This chapter is intended to give the reader an overview of NGNM. Some of the most popular documents on NGNM, M.3060 from ITU-T, and TR133 from TMF are discussed to provide information on the direction in which standards are being defined for managing next generation networks (NGN). 17.1 Introduction Current network management solutions are targeted at a variety of independent networks. The wide spread popularity of IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) was a clear indication that all of the independent networks will be integrated into a single IP-based infrastructure referred to as next generation networks (NGN). The ser- vices, network architectures, and traffic patterns in NGN will dramatically differ from the current networks. The heterogeneity and complexity in NGN, includ- ing concepts like fixed mobile convergence, will bring a number of challenges to network management. Various standardizing bodies are coming up with specifi- cations for NGNM to address these challenges. This chapter is intended to shift the focus from simple network management concepts to next generation network management. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS The high degree of complexity accompanying the network technology neces- sitates network management systems (NMS) that can utilize this technology to pro- vide more service interfaces while hiding the inherent complexity. As operators begin to add new networks and expand existing networks to support new technologies and products, the necessity of scalable, flexible, self-manageable, and functionally rich NMS systems arises. Another important factor influencing network management is mergers and acquisitions among the key vendors. Ease of