ent on the deployment scenario. The cell edge data rate is limited by the inter-cell interference. Therefore, it is possible to improve the cell edge performance by inter-cell interference cancelation. Figure 16.25 illustrates the cell edge data rate with 10 and 2 simultaneous users per cell with TD-LTE including the interference cancelation case. Providing a cell edge data rate of 100 Mbps with two simultaneous users and interference cancelation would require 300 MHz of spectrum. The cell edge data rate could be improved further by assuming beamforming. 16.4.3 Spectral Efficiency The 5G target is to improve spectral efficiency by a factor of 3.0. The main solutions for increasing the efficiency are a higher number of antennas and interference cancelation. We consider the following three solutions in increasing the spectral efficiency: Beamforming in the network Interference cancelation in the UE Four-antenna reception in the UE The interference cancelation is assumed to increase the efficiency by 20%. 3D beam- forming with 64 transmitters is assumed to provide 100% gain and four-antenna UE an additional 50% gain. When all these gains are combined, the theoretical spectral effi- ciency of LTE-Advanced Pro can be three times more than LTE-Advanced. 16.4.4 Mobility 3GPP Release 12 includes performance requirements for high-speed mobility up to 350 km/h at the 2 GHz band. The requirement is defined for a Doppler shift of 1340 Hz in the uplink and 750 Hz on the downlink. The uplink direction is more critical than the downlink due to the lower reference signal density in time and multiuser interference with any frequency error. The uplink Doppler shift takes account both uplink and downlink Doppler spreads. 16.4 5G and LTE Benchmarking If the carrier frequency is lower, the supported speed in terms of km/h is higher with the same Doppler. Therefore, even 800 km/h is supported with Release 12 at frequencies below 1 GHz. On the other hand, at high frequency of 3.6 GHz, the maximum mobile speed is reduced to 200 km/h. 16