ing the Network of the Future Business Applications OSS/BSS Service Orchestration ONAP: Functionality Open Network Automation Platform Orchestration Infrastructure Control & Element SDN Controller - ONOS SDN Controller - ODL Management Control & Management Services/Apps Services/Apps Network Element Access Network Access Network Element (OLT) Element (G.Fast DPU) FIGURE 11.3 Block diagram of new architecture for wireline. GPON technologies are continuing to evolve. NGPON2 is a new technology that operates at 10 Gb/s and can run over several different wavelengths using tunable wavelength components. This will permit much higher capacities by running multiple NGPON2 instances on a single fiber. However, at the current time, the costs of tunable components remain very high, making this technology uneconomical for many applications. Another next-generation PON technology that was recently standardized in the Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T) is called XGS-PON. It is a 10 Gb/s symmetrical technology using fixed wavelengths, with four times the downstream speed and eight times the upstream speed of GPON. For most network operations, the overall approach for GPON evolution is multiphased Wiring Closet Distribution Optical Point Unit Network (DPU) Terminal (ONT) Fiber Outside Plant Existing MDU Wiring FIGURE 11.4 G.fast architecture for MDUs. Network Access and will take multiple years to realize. A key part of this approach uses the new architecture to shift the economic value-added focus from hardware to software, allowing the software to be reused across multiple access technologies over time. In the evolution from broadband passive optical network (BPON) to GPON, operators were able to reuse the OSP optical distribution network (ODN), which consists of the fiber optic cables, optical splitters, and other passive devices that make up the physical layer of the access network. Beyond this passive OSP, all of the active network elements, software, and managemen