s that a media gateway should be able to support. 11. A media gateway interfaces a PSTN PCM bit stream. Name three types of traffic that may be transported in that bit stream, each requiring some sort of special handling. 12. Given an IP packet used for voice transport. Assume G.711 or G.726 coders. How many bytes (octets) can we expect in the payload? 13. Give some data you have learned about one-way delay. What is the one-way delay (in ms) that should not be exceeded as a design goal? 14. What one-way delay (in milliseconds) should never be exceeded? 15. What would you say is the biggest contributor to one-way delay? 16. What is "look-ahead" used for? 17. There is buffer delay. What is its cause and it varies with the number of XXXXX in tandem? 18. What is one very obvious way to reduce delay? On G.711 circuits, the lost packet rate objective is? 20. Name at least two ways to handle the presence of a lost packet. REFERENCES 21. What is the basic function of a media gateway controller? 22. Name at least three of the four signaling protocol options between an MGC and a media gateway. Give a primary function of an MGC regarding delay using the H.323 protocol on a VoIP circuit. 24. Differentiate RTP and RTCP. In the SIP protocol, what are end-users called. 26. What are the two modes with which a caller can set up a call with SIP. 27. In MGCP gateways are expected to execute commands sent by Megaco (H.248) is a call-control protocol that communicates between a 29. What are the two basic abstractions relating to the Megaco model? 30. A point-to-point connectivity must have at least terminations. 31. How are terminations referenced in Megaco? REFERENCES 1. Pulse Code Modulation of Voice Frequencies, ITU-T Rec. G.711, ITU Geneva, 1988. 2. G. Malkin, Routing Information Protocol, RIP Version 2, RFC 2543. 3. Packet-Based Multimedia Communication System, ITU-T Rec. H.323, ITU Geneva, 2000. 4. Speech Coders, Dual Rate for Speech, 5.3 and 6.3 kbps, ITU-G.723.1, Multipulse Maximum Likelihood Quantization (MPMLQ), ITU Geneva,