nse area. All are exclusive type licenses, with no mandate on use of a specific wireless technology or a specific use case of a given technology. As a matter of fact, the same way certain KPIs of various 5G appli- cations, such as peak and average throughput, dictate and drive the need for access to a variety of spectrum ranges from very low to very high, network architecture and certain other KPIs, such as end-to-end latency, require very small license area sizes in addition to the large license area size needed for wide-area eMBB applications. There are no requirements for either license area size or network topology and structure for a technology-neutral license. The well-established technology-neutral framework could equally apply to all license area sizes and network topologies. Local-area, privately operated networks can also be regulated under a technology-neutral regulatory regime. Regulations Facilitating 5G Applications For future distributed communications and computing architectures to help vertical market segments maximize their benefit from 5G technologies a new look at regulations may be in order. It is becoming increasingly important that future regulatory regimes allow not only exclusively licensed (full wide-area QoS) and traditional license-exempt (BE) operation but also consider locally licensed and semi-scheduled license-exempt operations. These two lat- ter subcategories of licensing, which require further attention from regulators, could work in similar manners benefiting vertical markets but are different from the point of view of QoS and reliability, and hence cost and addressable market. Regulators should consider creating favorable regulatory conditions and make spectrum available in a technology-neutral way that could facilitate industrial and enterprise appli- cations (vertical industries) SO they could benefit from upcoming availability of 5G radios and networks. It should be stressed that simple measures could be used to address the sit- uation. As an example, the same metric/condit