 of a 5G NR modem, the following three scenarios are benchmarked by system-level evaluation: 4G LTE with constant 20 MHz bandwidth 5G NR with constant 100 MHz bandwidth 5G NR with bandwidth adaptation between 20 MHz and 100 MHz Table 13.7 shows the evaluation assumptions for the evaluation, and Figure 13.15 shows the evaluation results for File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and video traffic types. In Figure 13.15, the average modem power consumption (i.e. the average energy unit per time unit) is equal to the total consumed energy over a period of time divided by the period of time. From Figure 13.15, the following three observations can be drawn: 13.5 Wider Bandwidth Operation and Modem Power Consumption Average User Throughput Average Modem Power Consumption 4G LTE (20 MHz) 5G NR (100 MHz) 5G NR (20 - 100 MHz) 4G LTE (20 MHz) 5G NR (100 MHz) 5G NR (20 100 MHz) FTP Traffic Video Traffic FTP Traffic Video Traffic Figure 13.15 System-level evaluation results for FTP and video traffic. Higher user throughput is beneficial to modem power consumption reduction for data services requiring large data transfers and hence fast mobile broadband. This enables a shorter time for data transmission and reception and longer sleep time between data bursts. Bandwidth adaptation is an efficient means of reducing the power consumption of the mode, at the cost of a slight degradation in user throughput. Even with DRX operation, over 50% modem power consumption reduction in con- nected mode is observed for both FTP and video traffic types with 5G NR. Based on the above observations, bandwidth adaptation in 5G NR can provide higher energy efficiency and lower power consumption than 4G LTE for data services requiring fast mobile broadband (services with large packet size) and may provide comparable modem power consumption to 4G LTE for data services with smaller packet size (e.g. tens of kilobytes) and voice service. For services that are not sensitive to latency, the technique of PDCCH monitoring periodicity adaptation can be applied at t