rom the United States, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Japan, and Korea, it is also called harmonized PSK. The 1xEV-DO reverse link is CDMA with quick connection and teardown to facilitate sleep modes to save battery power and fast reconnect SO that the subscriber sees little delay in packet service. 10.2.6 cdma2000 power control Power control in cdma2000 reflects a concern for the need for greater accuracy in user data transmission than in user voice transmission. If a cdmaOne subscriber walks or drives into a fade area and the system does not respond for 20 ms, then the gap in voice performance is small and not likely to be noticed. The same 20 ms in a high-speed download could lose hundreds of bytes of user data. As a result, cdma2000 supports high-speed power control in both forward and reverse directions, 800 times per second. The reverse pilot contains the 800-bit-per-second power-control stream. The power-control architecture is the same as cdmaOne. The open-loop method is used to set initial reverse power based on received forward pilot power. Once a call is in progress, the closed-loop power control takes over. The inner loop is constantly mea- suring E/No 800 times per second and sending power-control messages. The outer loop is adjusting the target Eb/No for each call by measuring FER. All the channels in cdma2000 use a fixed chip rate that depends on the carrier band- width: 1.2288 Mchips per second for 1x and 3.68 Mchips per second for 3x. However, they differ greatly in their BER requirements. A fundamental channel using RS1 at one-eighth rate is sending 1200 bits per second over the same carrier as a supplemen- tal channel carrying a live video signal or downloading a large database. The low-bit- rate channel has far more spreading gain built into it and can transmit at far lower power than high-bit-rate services, creating far less interference. And even among high- rate services, there are dramatically different requirements because lost bits in a video signal are far less 