tworks - Establish right-sized, net-income producing metropolitan networks optimized for broadband data applications LH = Long Haul ULH = Ultra Long Haul Chapter 1 The emerging optical-networking systems and services have the potential to enable metro carriers to scale up their infrastructure to meet the expan- sive demand at the metro-access-to-metro-core confluence point. This is apro- pos because there is currently a severe bottleneck in the metropolitan access networks that serve as the bridges between the long-distance core networks (where reportedly there is a bandwidth glut) and the end-user building and campus networks. Any hope of truly delivering broadband services to paying customers resides in addressing this issue, not just on pure technology con- siderations or an abstract view of networks without a proper end-to-end view. The foremost, absolutely necessary, and mandatory considerations in delivering reliable, ubiquitous, and sustainable broadband services are the following: 1. The problem has to be conceived as an end-to-end challenge-just solving a portion of the problem is to no avail. Broadband connectivity must include the building riser fiber, the building access fiber, the metro access subnetwork, and the metro core backbone. For example, just distributing food staples to the Bronx Wholesale Market (or other major markets associated with other cities) and not finding a way to get the food to every store, restaurant, and home where it is needed is not achieving the intended goal. Just bringing hydroelectric power to Westchester, New York, and not finding a way to get the electrical power to every building, home, and factory in New York City where it is needed is not achieving the intended goal. Just bringing water to a city reservoir without bringing the water to every neighborhood, home, school, restaurant, factory, and hospital where it is needed is not achieving the intended goal. Therefore, just having broadband DWDM- based networks in the long haul, metro core, or point-of-presence-to- po