itan area networks (MANs) within cities. 3. Middle-mile or backhaul, located between small cities and long- haul networks, connect rural areas to long-haul (core) networks. 4. Regional networks connect cities that range from 200 to 400 miles apart. This includes Boston to New York City, and New York City to Washington DC. These links carry traffic in large cities to cable TV and telephone company switches or routers where traffic is aggregated and connected to backbone or middle-mile networks. 5. Core networks connect cities and continents. Core networks are also referred to as the backbone section of networks. Workers in the telecommunications and data- network industry often use different nomenclature for the same equipment or type of network. For example, core networks are also referred to as long-haul and backbone networks. Access or edge broadband network are commonly referred to as last-mile and first-mile, and edge networks. In addition, the terms "providers," "carriers," and "Internet Service Providers" (ISPs) are also used synonymously. They all provide voice, data, mobile service, video, or Internet access. Sections of Carriers' Broadband Networks Access networks, also referred to as first-mile or last-mile networks enable customers to access the network and www.TechnicalPDF.com telephone companies to reach customers. For the most part, local telephone companies and cable TV companies own access network cabling and electronics. For wireless companies, their antennas provide links to customers' mobile devices. Access networks also link long-haul providers to customers via last- mile networks. Some access networks use fixed wireless, as well as landlines and cellular antennas to link people's mobile devices and home telephones to the network. Because there are SO many cable runs to individual residences and local businesses, these are costly to upgrade, and are often the last part of networks to be upgraded from older copper cabling to higher capacity fiber cabling. Access networks include connections fro