the uplink direction is very important. To receive the signal transmitted from the BTS antenna even in remote areas, the sensitivity of the MS comes into play. The transmitting and the receiving antenna gains and the cable loss parameters are to be considered on the BTS side. Important Components of Link Budget Calculations MS sensitivity: This factor is dependent upon the receiver noise figure and minimum level of Eb/No (i.e. output signal to noise ratio) needed. This is calculated by using the GSM specifications (ETSI GSM recommendation 05.05). The value of MS sensitivity given in these specifications is according to the class of mobile being used. The recommended values of MS sensitivity in GSM 900 and 1800 are -102 dBm and -100 dBm respectively. However, when doing power budget calculations, values given by the manufacturer (or measured values) should be used. RADIO NETWORK DETAILED PLANNING BTS sensitivity: The sensitivity of the base station is again specified by the ETSI's GSM recommendations 05.05 and is calculated in the same manner as the MS sensitivity. The recommended value of BTS sensitivity is -106 dBm. However, when doing power budget calculations, the value given by the manufacturer (or measured value) should be used. Fade margin: This is the difference between the received signal and receiver threshold. Usually a fast fade margin is of importance in power budget calculations. Different values are used for different types of regions, such as 2 dB for dense urban or 1 dB for urban. Connector and cable losses: As cables and connectors are used in power transmission, the losses incurred therein should be taken into account. Cable attenuation figures are usually quoted in loss (dB) per 100 m. In such cases, the actual length of the cable should be multiplied by this value to get the theoretical loss taking place in the cable. Sometimes, the theoretical loss may exceed the desired value, so preamplifiers (also known as mast- head amplifiers) may be used to counter the cable loss. Connector losses are u