ontents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 9781118912577 Set in 10/12pt Times by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India Cover image: © RossHelen/istockphoto 1 2016 Contents Preface Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction Harri Holma Introduction LTE Global Deployments and Devices Mobile Data Traffic Growth LTE Technology Evolution LTE Spectrum Small Cell Deployments Network Optimization LTE Evolution Beyond Release 13 Summary References LTE and LTE Advanced in Releases 8-11 Antti Toskala Introduction Releases 8 and 9 LTE 2.2.1 Releases 8 and 9 Physical Layer 2.2.2 LTE Architecture 2.2.3 LTE Radio Protocols LTE Advanced in Releases 10 and 11 2.3.1 Carrier Aggregation 2.3.2 Multiple Input Multiple Output Enhancements 2.3.3 HetNet Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination 2.3.4 Coordinated Multipoint Transmission UE Capability in Releases 8-11 Conclusions References Contents LTE-Advanced Evolution in Releases 12-13 Antti Toskala Introduction Machine-Type Communications Enhanced CoMP FDD-TDD Carrier Aggregation WLAN-Radio Interworking Device-to-Device Communication with LTE Single Cell Point to Multipoint Transmission Release 12 UE Capabilities Conclusions References Small Cell Enhancements in Release 12/13 Antti Toskala, Timo Lunttila, Tero Henttonen and Jari Lindholm Introduction Small Cell and Dual Connectivity Principles Dual Connectivity Architecture Principle Dual Connectivity Protocol Impacts Dual Connectivity Physical Layer Impacts and Radio Link Monitoring Other Small Cell Physical Layer Enhancement 4.6.1 256QAM for LTE Downlink 4.6.2 Smal