tion of control and forwarding elements. In SDWSN, forwarding elements are managed and controlled by the SDN controllers which provide flexible programmability to the infrastructure nodes. In (Oliveira, 2014), the authors have proposed TinySDN which used multiple controllers for efficient and flexible management and control of a SDN based network. Efficient and Scalable Localization and Routing: Due to the features of multiple distributed controllers at the control plane, SDWSN provides a flexible paradigm for designing an efficient and scalable localization and Downloaded: 4/15/2022 9:44:49 AM Nova Southeastern University IP Address: 137.52.76.29 Software-Defined Networking Paradigm in Wireless Sensor Networks routing algorithms for the large scale WSN. Localization is a fundamental requirement for any WSN application. This is due to fact that sensor reading without location context is useless for many applications. In SDWSN, localization algorithm could be executed at the control plane or application layer which provides an efficient and scalable solution in terms of energy efficiency and localization error. Similarly, routing operations in the SDWSN can be decides at control plane which provides a fault tolerant and energy efficient routing operations. Efficient Security Features: It is supported and proved in the literature that centralized security management can simplify the realization and configuration of different security measures. This perspective could be easily implemented in the SDWSN and can provide a proactive monitoring and quick response to counter different kind of attacks. SDN PARADIGM BASED PROTOCOL DESIGN FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS In this section, state-of-art solutions are discussed that are designed for SDN paradigm based WSNs. SDN Paradigm Based Sleep Scheduling Algorithm In WSN, Sleep scheduling mechanism is one of the popular mechanisms for saving and management of the scarce energy recourse of the sensor node. There are different types of sleep scheduling algorithms are proposed in 