d Vehicles, IoCV), among others. Current forecasts indicate an increase to approximately 30 billion connected devices by 2025, with an increase to 50 billion devices by 2030 [1-4]. In this context, wireless communication systems play a key role in order to pro- vide adequate coverage/capacity solutions while adequately handling interference levels in scenarios with operating devices exhibiting strong constraints in terms of form factor, cost, energy availability, and limited computational capabilities. Specific wireless communication system solutions have been proposed or are currently under development, such as LPWAN, 802.11ah, or PLMN-based, such as NB-IoT, LTE Cat. M, and the corresponding MTC/D2D connections within 5G NR (mainly within frequency range 1) [5-7]. This pathway, from 4G to 5G, is already enabling the number of connections to increase up to approximately one million I. Picallo . P. Lopez-Iturri . F. Falcone (X) Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain e-mail: imanol.picallo@unavarra.es; peio.lopez@unavarra.es; francisco.falcone@unavarra.es M. Celaya-Echarri L. Azpilicueta School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico e-mail: mikelcelaya@tec.mx; leyre.azpilicueta@tec.mx © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 M. A. Matin (ed.), A Glimpse Beyond 5G in Wireless Networks, Signals and Communication Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13786-0_8 I. Picallo et al. devices/km². Future evolution in B5G systems foresees an even higher increase in device density, with inherently more advanced interference handling and energy optimization and reduction schemes. This will open the path for service provision in different application domains, such as holographic-type communications, extended reality, tactile internet, multisense experience, digital twins, pervasive intelligence, intelligent transport and logistics, and enhanced onboard and ubiquitous 