rings, 444-445 OLAs, 276 technical parameters, 445-446 optical networks, capacity goals, 156 DFB/MQW lasers (Distributed-feedback optimized edge equipment, 299-301, 310-313 multiquantum well), 322 OXCs (optical crossconnects), 277 Index Raman amplification, 131 EtherCarrier, 299-300 RxM (receiver modules), 37 Ethernet-Connectivity Anywhere, 300 self-healing rings, 263 evolution SONET, 217 DWDM, 282 systems positioning, 35-37 IONs, 349 transceivers, 38, 327 TDM, 273 transponders, 284 transponders, 274 transport capacities, 287 EWB fiber, CWDM, 330 TxM (Transmitter modules), 37 explicit label control, GMPLS, 389 upgrade options, 268 extending routing calculation, GMPLS, 391 wavelength eye hazards, FSO, 433 spacing, 324 standardization, 288-289 fabrication drawbacks, fiberoptics, 266 faults, GMPLS, 399, 413 early deployments of fiberoptics, 273 FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating), 125 EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing), depreciation, and amortization), 43 35, 260 EDFAs FERF (Far-End Receive Failure), DWDM, 277-279, 284 SONET, 172 SONET, 128 FHD (flame hydrolysis deposition), 266 edge products, next-gen SONET, 245 fiberoptics, 72, 148-149 EFM (Ethernet in the First Mile), 17 1G networks, 149-150 egress label control, GMPLS, 390 2G networks, 151-152 ELECs (Ethernet LECs), 3 3G networks, 152-153 company valuation calculation, 51-53 attenuation, 97 Internet only services bandwidth capacity goals, 154-155 ISP industry idiosyncrasies, 63 cable structures, 77 maximizing return on sale of chromatic dispersion, 85-90 business, 62 cladding, 74-75 physical assets, 64 coherent transmission, 106 transactional data, 60 design parameters, 107-108 valuation, 59-60, 65 dispersion phenomena, 82-83 EPADs (Edge Packet Aggregation DWDM, 156 Devices), 301 early deployments, 273 Index EWB, 330 four-wave mixing, 287 fabrication drawbacks, 266 frame format, SONET, 159 graded index, 76 FSO (Free Space Optics), 424 infrastructure, 80 architecture, 425 intermodal delay distortion, 84 beam wander, 432 LEDs, 113