th extended data rate (EDR) 2 Mbps and 3 Mbps rates can be achieved. Bonding: The process of link creation, pairing and authentication that occurs between Bluetooth devices. Bridge: A bridge is a link between two networks, for example a point-to- point wireless link connecting two wired networks. Broadcast: A broadcast message is transmitted to all receivers or stations connected to the network, in contrast to multicast or unicast messages (q.v.). Beacon messages used in many types of wireless networks are an example of broadcast messages. Carrier Sensing Media Access/Collision Avoidance: CSMA/CA is a method for multiple users to share access to the wireless medium while avoiding interfering with each other. A transmitter waiting to send data senses the medium to see if another station is transmitting, and uses a vari- ety of strategies, such as random back-off or RTS/CTS messages, to avoid collisions with other transmitters when the medium becomes free. Chipping Code: A code, such as a Barker or complementary code, used to spread a single bit into a longer sequence of chips to enable detection in a noisy communication channel. Coding Rate: The coding rate is an indication of the error-correction code overhead that is added to a data block to enable error recovery on reception. It is equal to m/(m+n) where n is the number of error correction bits applied to a data block of length m bits. Efficient error correction codes keep the coding rate close to unity. Complementary Code Keying (CCK): Complementary Code Keying is a type of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum in which complementary codes (typically a set of 64 specific bit patterns) are used to encode the data stream and provide processing gain to enable detection of weak signals in a noisy environment. Connection Oriented/Connectionless Communication: Connection oriented communication takes place over a connection established between the Logical Link Control layers in the sending and receiving devices. Chapter Sixteen Link flow and error control mechanism are ava