-based implemen- tation and the aim of this project is to utilize Java Beans and Ecomponent architecture, to easily assemble desperate software components into a single working program. CORBA interface: Different opensource implementations of common object request broker architecture (CORBA) specifications defined by the object management group (OMG) is available for developing interfaces that enable northbound interface applications written in multiple computer languages and running on multiple computers to work with a particular NMS solu- tion. openCCM is an example of opensource CORBA component model implementation. .NET interface: .Net framework of Microsoft is a popular platform for appli- cation development that is not written for a particular OS. The Net also provides interfaces for communication between desperate components or applications. Similar to Java, .Net also has a good bundle of interfaces that can make interfacing of NMS with NBI applications much easier. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS Some examples of the server that provides the platform for publishing these inter- faces are: Java application servers: Some opensource implementations include JBoss and JOnAS. Both these application servers are production ready and is compliant to Java Enterprise edition specifications. Net Server: Window .Net Server is an example of the application server that fits in the platform category though it is currently not an opensource product. Objects request broker (ORB): This refers to a middleware technology for interaction and data exchange between objects. Opensource implementations of CORBA ORBs are "openORB" and "JacORB." The north bound interface can also be proprietary modules or adapters that convert data from the NMS to the format required by the application that wants to interact with the NMS. For example IBM Netcool Network management product has a set of probes (generic, proprietary, and standards based), gateways and moni- tors that can virtually collect data from any network environment like OSS