G mobile networks) for use of various OTT services (WWW, email, video, social networks, etc.). This scenario is also the initial driver for 5G. 5 QoS for Mobile Ultra-Broadband The mobile operator can take one or more of the three main roles for 5G industry digitalization: network developer, service enabler, and service creator. However, one may expect the largest increase in 5G revenues to come from digitalization of manufacturing and energy utilities. 5.10.2 Regulation Aspects The development of 5G mobile networks raises certain regulatory challenges. They may be grouped into several groups, which tackle different aspects of the new business mod- els in 5G mobile networks. The following aspects are some of the most important: Planning regulation for small cells sites, which should remove the barriers (where they exist) for mobile masts, which should be placed on different commercial buildings. The mobile network must take into account the location of the deployed "things" to provide enough coverage and capacity, as well as appropriate QoS. That is particularly important in the case of higher frequency bands (e.g. 24 GHz, 60 GHz, or generally frequency bands above 6 GHz) because different physical factors (trees, buildings, etc.) influence the propagation of radio waves at high frequencies. Spectrum regulation for 5G mobile systems should provide enough capacity and coverage as well as flexibility regarding previous mobile generations with which 5G will coexist during the 2020s (e.g. 4G mobile networks). Also, the harmonization of the 5G spectrum on a large scale, which is done at ITU's WRCs, is important for mobile ultra-broadband broadband (individual bitrates in the mobile network above 100 Mbit/s). Safety regulations for 5G mobile services are needed for critical services, which will digitalize different sectors such as previously non-ICT industry or the public trans- portation sector, as emerging examples. In general, customers need to have confi- dence to use existing and new services over 5G mobile networ