onality, joint detection, multipath, and Doppler distortion due to motion. Some of these are within the control of CDMA wireless system engineers. The CDMA carrier capacity also depends on interference from other cells and inter- ference from other sectors in the same cell. These two factors are linked directly to base station placement and planning for coverage and managed interference, the topics of this chapter. The other factor in Sec. 30.7, soft and softer handoff, is also directly linked to cell placement and planning of managed interference. Thus we will concentrate on these contributors to CDMA capacity estimation. In Chap. 33 we will address methods of creating sectors within each cell. Any air interface, frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), or CDMA, works at its best when cells are isolated from each other. The management of intercell interference is the challenge of cellular radio engineering. In CDMA, the primary interference comes from other users on the same carrier from the same cell sector. The next most important interference comes from adjacent sectors and nearby cells. We want to place cells to manage the regions that have multiple potential serving cell sectors. The CDMA equations in Sec. 28.1 tell us that the carrier loses capacity in proportion to the number of nearly equal servers. A user terminal midway between two cells is go- ing to create interference on both cells, so it effectively taxes the system capacity as much as two calls near the base station. Soft handoff aggravates this inefficiency in the Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. Planning Locations for Base Stations Planning for CDMA Capacity forward direction by having two cells transmitting CDMA channels for one call. Under ideal conditions, the combination of the soft-handoff signals in the user termi