. 242 Y. Zou. Physical-layer security for spectrum sharing systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 16(2):1319-1329, 2017. Index ambient backscatter 117, 131, 133, 148 decomposition 21, 59, 124 artificial intelligence (AI) 2, device-to-device (D2D) 1, 5, 11-12, 19-21, augmented reality (AR) 31, 42,49, 81 auxiliary variable 59, 85-87, 95-97 distributed learning 122, 141 duty cycle 117, 120, 129 beamforming 3, 5-6, 12-13, 15-17, 42, 51-54, 62, 67, 73, 132, 155 eavesdropper 91-92,94,137 bit error rate (BER) 5, 24, 101, 132 energy efficiency 4, 7, 52, 60, 63, 72, 74, 83, broadband 5, 116, 126 91, 117, 124 energy harvest 43,46-49, 51, 54-55, 60, 64, 66, 76-77, 79, 124, 132-133, carrier aggregation 127-129 cellular network 2,12,19 cellular user 11-12, 20 channel estimation 3, 5, 21-22, 31, 37, 56, fading 18, 21-23, 31, 37, 42, 56, 82, 88, 63, 69, 74-78, 105, 132 92, 101-103, 114, 126, 133, 142, channel state information (CSI) 21-22,31, 51-53, 55-57, 60-64, 67, 69, 72-75, 79, federated learning 3, 101, 151 82, 123, 132 3, 5-6, 8-9, 11-12, 21, 31, 41, 51, 81, 101, cloud computing 6, 123, 152 115-117, 155-156 code division multiple access (CDMA) 21, cognitive radio 5, 12, 31, 51, 69, 116 genetic algorithm 12, 140, complexity analysis 61, 73, 87 gradient compression 101-102, computational efficiency 7, confidentiality 118, 137, 153 cooperative communication 31-32 cooperative scheme 31-36, 38-39, heterogeneous network (HetNet) 1,12 cooperative transmission 32-33 horn antenna 41, 47 5G and Beyond Wireless Communication Networks, First Edition. Haijian Sun, Rose Qingyang Hu, and Yi Qian. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2024 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Index Internet of things (IoT) 3, 7, 9, 31, 41-42, 49, offloading 6-7, 9, 81-83, 87-94, 98-100 51, 82,117,15 opportunistic 6, 11-12, 53, 116-118, 124, 134 iterative algorithm 30, 90-91, 95-98, 100 optimal solution 25, 59, 84, 86 optimization problem 15, 17-19,21-22, 25, 30, 57, 60-61, 67, 69, 70, 72-73, 84, 86, jamming attack 118, 135-137, 140, 144-149 90-91,