 layer 3 radio the equipment is fulfilling the standard. interface specifications. Normally, it takes one to two years from the time 3. RAN WG3 dealing with the fixed RAN interfaces, when the standard is completed until commercial prod- for example interfaces between nodes in the RAN, ucts are out on the market. However, if the standard is but also the interface between the RAN and the core built from scratch, it may take longer time since there are network. no stable components to build from. 4. RAN WG4 dealing with the radio frequency (RF) and radio resource management (RRM) performance 4.1.2.2 3GPP requirements. The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is the 5. RAN WG5 dealing with the terminal conformance standards-developing body that specifies the 3G UTRA testing. and GSM systems. 3GPP is a partnership project formed The scope of 3GPP when it was formed in 1998 was to by the standards bodies ETSI, ARIB, TTC, TTA, CCSA produce global specifications for a 3G mobile system and ATIS. 3GPP consists of several Technical Specifica- based on an evolved GSM core network, including the tions Groups (TSGs) (see Figure 4.1-2). WCDMA-based radio access of the UTRA FDD and the (Project Coordination Group) TSG GERAN TSG SA TSG CT TSG RAN (GSM EDGE (Services & (Core Network & (Radio Access Network) Radio Access Network) System Aspects) Terminals) Radio Aspects Radio Layer 1 Services MM/CC/SM (lu) Radio Layer 2 & Interworking with Protocol Aspects Architecture Layer 3 RR External Networks lub, luc, lur & Terminal Testing Security MAP/GTP/BCH/SS UTRAN GSM Req. Radio Performance Codec & Protocol Aspects Open Services Access Mobile Terminal Telecom Smart Card Conformance Test Management Application Aspects Figure 4.1-2 3GPP organization. Background of 3G evolution CHAPTER 4.1 TD-CDMA-based radio access of the UTRATDD mode. IMT-2000 requirements as defined by ITU. There are The task to maintain and develop the GSM/EDGE circuit-switched voice and video services, and data ser- specifications was added to 3GPP at a later s