as given at the website. Source: CDMA CAPACITY AND QUALITY OPTIMIZATION Chapter ANSI-41 Signaling Capacity This chapter provides the approach to estimating the capacity needed to support ac- tivity defined by the ANSI-41 standard for communications between mobile switching centers (MSCs) and between MSCs and other devices. We discuss capacity for inter- MSC handoffs and support for roaming, call processing, the short message service (SMS), and other switching activities. In some cases, we include activities that are out- side the ANSI-41 specification. We note these occurrences. This chapter builds the ba- sis in principles for the practical techniques we will offer in Parts 6 and 7. 25.1 Inter-MSC Handoffs We will call sectors that can have handoffs to another MSC border sectors. The base stations serving these sectors can initiate inter-MSC handoff activity. Handoffs from nonborder cells may involve signaling and communication, but all of this is among base stations and their common MSC. Each handoff will require some of these elements: handoff measurement, handoff forward, handoff back, path minimization, and call release. Let us take a look at how many signaling messages are involved in each case Handoff measurement requests are messages sent from the serving MSC to candi- date MSCs. Each candidate MSC measures the signal from the user terminal. While every candidate MSC is sent a handoff measurement request, only those which detect adequate signal from the user terminal to accept a handoff respond with a measure- ment message. Once the serving MSC has selected a target MSC for a handoff, it may decide to do a handoff forward, a handoff back, or a path minimization. A handoff forward is three messages. The serving MSC sends a message to the tar- get MSC, and the target acknowledges the message. Once the MSC-to-MSC channel is established and the handoff is complete, the target MSC sends a third message. A handoff back is four messages. The serving MSC sends a message to the target MSC, and the message is ackno