 (Multimedia Domain). Section 9.6 defines the roles of other SDOs in the development of IMS. Section 9.7 defines the concept of Common IMS. Section 9.8-9.10 defines protocols, services that can be offered via IMS and challenges for IMS respectively. Section 9.11 lists the reasons for absence of IMS in 3G networks. Section 9.12 discuss applications like M-Commerce, Mobile TV, Location based Services and Con- nected Objects. Section 9.13-9.16 defines mobile content development, role of key SDOs, industry outlook and summary insights respectively. What is IMS? IMS was originally designed by 3GPP, as part of the vision for evolving mobile networks beyond GSM. Its original formulation (3GPP) R5) represented an approach to delivering "Internet services" over GPRS. Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem: Technology Management for Mobile Communications Saad Z. Asif © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-74746-9 Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem APPLICATIONS - VolP, Messaging, LBS, Push-to-X IP Multimedia Subsystem (service and control functions, application servers) Core Network (PDSN/GGSN) IP Transport (IP/MPLS-DWDM) Cable EPS (LTE) WiMAX Figure 9.1 IMS concept This vision was later augmented by 3GPP and later included by 3GPP2 and TISPAN in order to include networks other than GPRS, such as Wireless LAN, CDMA2000 and fixed line. IMS (Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem) defines a standard framework for the deployment of next generation IP-based applications and services. It is designed to be access independent SO that services can be provided over IP connectivity across wireline and wireless networks. Since IMS is access independent it is expected to support Cable, DSL, 3G, WiMAX, and future 4G, systems (Figure 9.1). It is developed for both fixed and mobile and next generation devices communicating over IP with embedded SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) clients. The fixed Internet multimedia call control "Session Initiated Protocol" (SIP) defined by IETF (Internet Engineering Task For