network state analysis 53 IPSec 26 network function virtualization (NFV) architecture 38-42 java virtual machine (JVM) benefits 44-45 challenges 7-8,45-46 cloud architecture 39-40 Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) description 148, 153 NF modeling applications 60-61 black box 58-59 Layer 2 VPNs (L2VPN) source-code-based 52-57 Layer 3 VPNs (L3VPN) 27-28 open source projects leased lines 25 orchestration link layer technologies 25-26 characterization 47-49 load balancer code 53-55 improvements 49-50 research problems 155-156 use cases 42-45 Machine-to-Machine (M2M) VNF placement 61-65 communications 2 network hypervisor management and network orchestration network information base (NIB) (MANO) 46, 47 employs distributed system middlebox networks software-defined networking mixed integer programming (MIP) network interface cards (NICs) 19, 34 mobile core network network measurement, SDN 82-84 mobile data traffic 2 network traffic mobile network infrastructure network virtualization 9,22 mobile virtual network operators host-based 31-32 (MVNOs) 33 overlay networks modeling language design 52 switch-based SDN 29-31 multi protocol label switching (MPLS) virtual private networks (VPNs) 24-27 multitenancy 8 virtual sharing networks (VSNs) 27-29 next-generation 5G mobile networks network densification process see also service function chaining network equipment providers (NEPs) (SFC) anchor point network function (NF) architecture 110-112 application model 60-61 macrocell base station 110, 111 black box 58-59 objectives 110 high-level box view smallcell base station 110, 111 Index next-generation memory interconnect Business Board (NGMI) 49 goals of 152 NF see network function (NF) NFV infrastructure 152,153 NFV see network function virtualization project overview (NFV) Technical Steering Committee (TSC) NFV infrastructure (NFVI) 153-154 node vs. link failure 94-95 virtualized infrastructure management 152, 153 Open Services Gateway Imitative (OSGi) O/E/O conversion 129, 130 framework 150 open APIs 71 Open source projects