 and multiple PDCCH monitoring occasions per slot can be considered together. First, the power consumption will be increased. In LTE, the arrival patterns of PDCCH and PDSCH can be anticipated: the PDCCH occurs at the first three OFDM symbols of a subframe, followed by the associated PDSCH until the end of the subframe. Thus, the activities of a modem can be carefully designed to save the consumed power. For instance, when no PDCCH is detected at the beginning of a subframe, the modem can turn off some modules until the next subframe. In NR, when there are multiple PDCCH monitoring occasions in a slot, the OFF time becomes shorter. Considering the required transition time for ON/OFF, some components may not be turned off. The strategy for deciding ON/OFF states of a module becomes more complicated when the mini-slot transmission is used. In this case, the time gap between the end of a PDSCH and the start of the coming PDCCH monitoring occasion is flexible. Second, multiple PDCCH monitoring occasions per slot and potentially more associated PDSCH instances incur more jobs for control and data channel process- ing, leading to a more complicated design for baseband pipeline processing. More 13 5G Modem Design Challenges communication overheads are needed for the interaction among memory, hardware, software, and firmware. 13.3.1.4 Shorter PDSCH/PUSCH Processing Time The requirements of a UE in the processing capability for the PDSCH and PUSCH are much tighter in NR compared to LTE. For example, in LTE, the time between the recep- tion of a PDSCH and the transmission of the associated HARQ-ACK is typically 4 ms. In NR, this duration can be as short as 0.2 ms (i.e. 20 OFDM symbols with 120 kHz sub- carrier spacing). Similarly, the time from the reception of an uplink grant to the PUSCH is in a similar range. A short processing time comes at a higher modem cost. This implies that the pro- cessing time cannot be made arbitrarily short. Accordingly in NR, a UE can report its capability regarding the minimum PDSCH/PUSCH pr