service plan 7 Implement service 5 Identify Crucial for user solutions 6 Implement perception infrastructure Network Figure 5.1 Position of the chapter Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business, by A. Olsson © 2003 Ericsson och Student litteratur. ISBN: 0-470-86851-1 Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business Income enabler: services Consumer Enterprise list Servers OPEX/ CAPEX Capital employed = Telecom network platform investments Figure 5.2 The importance of services as revenue generators in the ROCE equation income from servers to other actors. At the end of the chapter we will also connect the service plan to the network, since services may be prohibitively expensive when the network does not easily match the service requirements. Service-related cost effi- ciency is included, various ways of reducing the bandwidth requirement are explored. This type of feature, such as coding standards, can be regarded as 'economy of service' (EoS). (The overall EoS includes for example aggregation and concentrating devices as well.) EoS functions can often be regarded as a kind of middleware. However, whereas EoS functions have a clear cost-saving goal, middleware in general has a taste of pre- fabrication and re-use to shorten development time. Finally the chapter discusses a number of charging methods. The service plan with its lists of services should be marketed in the user's language, whereas the implementation of the service plan could use another more technical internal language. If the technical language is used towards the market the merchandise becomes termed 3G services, WAP services, ISDN services, GPRS services etc. This terminology may make it easier to define which investments are suitable, but may be confusing for many ordinary potential customers. If the customer language is used there is a need for a kind of translation from this language down to the detailed implementation and service provisioning. Such a translation is illu