s Martin Smith Types of Antenna Basic Properties Generic Antenna Types Adaptive Arrays Reflective Antenna Types Satellite Antennas for Telemetry, Tracking, and Command References Part 3 Network Technologies 10 Synchronous Optical Networks and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Mark Matthews and Goff Hill Introduction SONET and SDH: Similarities and Differences The Basis of SONET and SDH SDH Standards Control and Management SDH-Based Networks Conclusion 11 Next Generation Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Ken Guild Introduction Concatenation Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme Generic Framing Procedure Conclusion Resources 12 Legacy Packet-Switched Data Overlay Networks Matthew R. Thomas, Paul A. Veitch, and David K. Hunter Introduction to WAN Services Overlay Network Concepts Frame Relay Services X.25 Services Contents Asynchronous Transfer Mode Commercial ATM/Frame Relay Services Example ISDN Basic Rate and Primary Rate Future Trends References 13 Multiprotocol Label Switching Martin Reed Introduction The MPLS Architecture Signaling Traffic Engineering MPLS Virtual Private Networks Conclusion References 14 Next Generation Ethernet Alan McGuire Introduction What Is Carrier-Grade Ethernet? Ethernet Service Framework Operations, Administration, and Maintenance The Evolution of Ethernet Protection Mechanisms Synchronous Ethernet Next Generation Ethernet Transmission Conclusion References List of Acronyms Index Preface The past decade has seen massive change in the telecomunications industry. Industry struc- ture, regulation, technology, and services have all seen or caused substantial development. New technologies and services are displacing long established ones, and the convergence of different networks, technologies, and services compound the change. The predecessor to this reference was called the Telecommunication Engineer's Reference Book. Recent trends toward convergence of voice, data, and video technologies and services have suggested that the title, scope, and content of the book should reflect these changes. For this 