cost with more reuse of components developed on a common standard. Volume economies of scale to suppliers with high volume of similar applications. Reduction in operational costs with more automation. It is easier to adapt to change when an application is developed on a stan- dard application model. The change can be organization changes or changes brought in by acquisition or mergers. This means that the defined frame- works are independent of the organizational structure. Standard interfaces for development and well-defined business to business interfaces will reduce development costs. Flexibility is the key, where applications act as building blocks that can be easily added, replaced, or modified without impact on other blocks. When workflows become repeatable and easy to modify there is increased efficiency in operations. The different layers used for grouping applications in TAM are similar to those used in the eTOM model. This ensures close mapping between business process (eTOM), information model (SID), and applications (TAM). 21.9 Conclusion A layered approach is required to ensure focus on various aspects of the telecom domain. This is achieved in NGOSS, where eTOM, SID, and TAM have defined telecom under a set of domains and functional areas to ensure sufficient depth of focus. In a converged environment multiple services have to interoperate in a mul- titechnology, multivendor environment. NGOSS offers a common framework of methodologies and models to support a converged service environment. An impor- tant requirement on next generation OSS is the presence of customer self-care strat- legies and integrated customer-centric management. Customer experience will be a key differentiating factor between service providers and will determine profitability. This is one of the key focus items in NGOSS and TMF has dedicated teams work- ing on this area to improve customer experience with NGOSS. Fast creation and deployment of services would include service activation on demand and rapid personalization of servi