 urban environments occurs by the mean value and standard deviation for the two dif- means of reflections and diffractions either along the ferent components are obtained as MVERT = streets (lateral propagation) or over the buildings (vertical 10a2 log(d) + k2, LAT = min(Bid, 20) and VERT B2. propagation) therefore, two independent models can be Parameters a1, A2, B1, B2, k1 and k2 depend on the combined into an overall statistical one. The two compo- geometrical and topological characteristics of the con- nents are treated separately, and each of the submodels can sidered area, e.g. mean building height, mean street be refined independently of each other. The obtained width, BS antenna height, etc. Values of a = 0.108, model leads to the well-known exponential law when BS az = 7.324, B1 = 0.027, B2 = 6.783, k1 = 64.777 and antenna height and path length are large enough, the k2 = -70.000 were obtained from fitting of measure- Okumura-Hata model is being used in its validity domain, ment data from a small cell at 947 MHz. Additional data and is being replaced by the proposed extension for dis- for 1800 MHz can be found in [BCFF02]. tances below 1 km and for BS antennas lower than 30 m. It is known that path loss depends on the carrier fre- The mix between vertical and lateral propagation, as well as quency. Wideband measurements at the same environ- the existence of LoS, is expected to change as a function of ments in two frequency bands, namely 2.45 and 5.25 the distance. A dominant mechanism exists at any distance GHz, and a system bandwidth of 100 MHz, are presented from the BS, which allows the identification of three re- in [LZMJ05]. Rural measurements were performed in gions, each one characterised by one of these mechanisms. a small rural municipality, Tyrnävä, which is located close Once these regions are identified, it is necessary to to Oulu, Finland. The measurement route was about 1 km identify the transition modes between them, and the long and mainly LoS type, thus being representative of flat weigh