al Efficiency (All the following figures are in units of bits/sec/Hz/TRxP) Indoor hotspot: DL: 9/UL: 6.75 Dense urban: DL: 7.8/UL: 5.4 Rural: DL: 3.3/UL: 1.6 Energy Efficiency Efficient data transmission (loaded case): To be demonstrated by "average spectral efficiency" Low energy consumption (no data case): This test case should support a high sleep ratio/long sleep duration Reliability 1 X 10-5 probability of URLLC transmitting layer-2 PDU of 32 bytes in size within 1 ms (in channel quality of coverage edge for urban Macro-URLLC test environment) Mobility Dense urban: Up to 30 km/h Rural: Up to 500 km/h Mobility Interruption Time eMBB, URLLC Bandwidth (Maximum At least 100 MHz IMT-2020 Aggregated System) Up to 1 GHz for operation in high-frequency bands (i.e., above 6 GHz) The preceding KPIs must be met at all times by the mobile operator to be able to cater to the quality of experience demands of a 5G network. Reduces training time and niche skillset dependency: Automation comes to the rescue, especially in times when there is a new technology or software every year or SO. A CSP deploys numerous types of software and hardware equipment. Having a workforce that has the expertise to operate all these various types of equipment would not only be hard to find but also very expensive. Hence, automation comes to the rescue. This helps the MNO to save on intensive training costs for their operations personnel. Basic training would suffice as most of the heavy lifting would be done by automated scripts; in many cases, even a service ticket is raised by the automation environment for a particular software with their respective vendor. The automation engine also provides all the logs and details for the issue to the service ticket. Hence, it reduces Automation, Orchestration, and Testing a lot of boring manual work that an engineer would do to open a service ticket. As every issue is monitored and logged by an automation framework, it is hard to miss scenarios that are tough to reproduce. Hence, in a nutshell, the level