inancial returns from securing networks to eliminate marketplace resistance and facilitate increased sales. Adds Smith, "Standard interoperability is critical to the success of the encryption applications market. Until this is achieved, market growth will be prevented from reaching its full potential." In the VPN market, the Internet Protocol (IP) security standard is being helped by major projects such as the automotive network exchange extranet project. However, it remains unclear to what extent this standard has suc- ceeded in ensuring interoperability. "Standardizing on IP security will enable multivendor interoperability that will allow the market to explode," says Smith. Support of the secure multipurpose Internet mail extensions standard by major e-mail client and browser companies is helping to establish an approved standard in the e-mail encryption market. In the PKI market, emerging standards such as on-line certificate status pro- tocols, likely to gain recognition in two years, can help address multiple issues regarding certificate revocation and management of revocation on a large scale. Spurring market growth further will be advanced forms of protection such as intrusion detection systems, tools that protect specific applications on cor- porate networks, and vulnerability-assessment software and services. Compa- nies are expected to increasingly add intrusion detection systems to their security infrastructure to monitor inbound and outbound network activity. 7.7.1 A Double-Shot of Security Software Network security software developed by researchers at Lucent Technologies' Bell Labs aims to make logging into network-based services and applications easier and more secure without sacrificing user privacy. The security software consists of two complementary programs, called Factotum and Secure Store, which work together to prove a user's identity whenever he or she attempts to access a secure service or application, such as THE UNBLINKING EYE-SECURITY AND SURVEILLANCE online banking or shopping. In cont