1 converting VoIP signals on IP PBXs to PSTN, migrating from 2G to WCDMA 3G service, exemption from access fees, 122 releases, 383 fund supporting packetized voice, 123 transition to, from GPRS, 325 hosted systems, 93 widely implemented 3G standard, 325 Microsoft offering, Lync, 73 WebEx, 89 regulations, 118 web hosting sites, 301 transitioning broadband customers to, 179 white space spectrum, 314, 319, 320 transition to, from POTS, 180 Wholesale Applications Community (WAC), 361 Voice over LTE (VoLTE), 341 wholesale carrier services, 138 Vonage, 220 Wi-Bro (formerly HPi), 386 VPLS (virtual private LAN service) versus wide area networks. See WANs MPLS, 228 Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access. VPLS (virtual private line service), 268 See WCDMA VPNs (virtual private networks), 34 Wi-Fi, 72 aggregation of, 234 access points on airplanes, 377 complexities of using with IPsec, 232 hotzones, 376 frame relay, 256 mobile carriers' use of, 307 Index Wi-Fi (Contd.) finite spectrum for, 309-320 standards, architecture, and use in cellular characteristics of short and long wave- networks, 365-376 lengths, 310 802.11 standards, 366-369, 384-386 division of airwaves into frequencies, 309 WLAN architecture in enterprises, enhancing spectral efficiency to increase 368-373 capacity, 316 unlicensed spectrum for, 319 mitigating interference in spectrum, 319 using to offload traffic from congested mobile power level specification for unlicensed networks, 375, 413 spectrum, 320 Wi-Fi Direct standard, 386 reallocating spectrum, political issues Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA2), 374 with, 312 Wii, 283 regulating spectrum per carrier with spec- Wikipedia, 292 trum screens, 318 wikis, 290, 292, 299 shared access to spectrum to increase ef- Williams, William Clarke, 116 ficient utilization, 314-316 WiMAX 2 (Worldwide Interoperability for Mi- spectrum blocks, 311 crowave Access 2), 306, 332, 334 synchronizing spectrum internationally, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Micro- wave Access), 209, 218 unlicensed spectrum for super Wi-Fi, 3