 prefix and guard time to occupy one slot, requiring 3840 slots in total. For every six slots with data symbols, one slot of DMRS is added. As a result, 640 DMRS slots are added. Overall, it requires 4480 slots, that is, 2240 sub- frames [23]. Chapter 6 24 subframes Channel coding and 24-Bit CRC Subframe Subframe rate matching modulation 2304 Coded 1152 QPSK Information Information bits CRC symbols One subframe carries 48 symbols if 4 subcarriers are NPUSCH processing for 144 dB MCL (NPUSCH format 1) 192 subframes Channel coding and 24-Bit CRC modulation 3x repetition Subframe Subframe rate matching 3072 Coded 1536 QPSK 4608 QPSK Information Information symbols symbols One subframe bits + CRC carries 24 symbols if 2 subcarriers are NPUSCH processing for 154 dB MCL (NPUSCH format 1) Each symbol is mapped to one Channel Coding and 2-BPSK 24-Bit CRC slot using special symbol rate matching modulation repetition pattern 3840 Coded Information 3840 BPSK 26880 data Information bits + CRC symbols symbols + 4480 DMRS 2240 subframes Subframe Subframe One subcarrier per subframe NPUSCH processing for 164 dB MCL (NPUSCH format 2) Figure 6.27 Example NB-loT uplink processing to achieve various MCL values 23] References 3GPP Specifications [1] 3GPP TS 36.104, Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), Base station (BS) radio transmis- sion and reception (Release 15), June 2018. [2] 3GPP TS 36.211, Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), Physical channels and modulation (Release 15), June 2018. 3GPP TS 36.212, Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), Multiplexing and channel coding (Release 15), June 2018. 3GPP TS 36.213, Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), Physical layer procedures (Release 15), June 2018. [5] 3GPP TS 36.214, Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), Physical layer measurements (Release 15), June 2018. [6] 3GPP TS 36.300, Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) and evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN). Overall de