tion, 127-128 bit error rate (BER), 31, 44-45, 142, 143, 198-199. See also BER performance, cable ATM, 531 loaded, 97-98 in long-distance PCM transmission, 127-128 twisted pair, 32-33, 34 bit error rate test (BERT), 543 cable conductors, properties of, 99 bit packing, 37, 208, 209-210 cable television (CATV), 2. See also CATV entries; bit-rate allocation signal (BAS), 427, 428f community antenna television (CATV) bit rate/bandwidth requirements, line-of-sight configurations, 196 microwave, 210 cable television plant, coaxial cable in, 244-245 bit rate reduction, 420 call agents, 397-398 digital voice channel, 468 call attempts, 57 video transmission, 418-420 call-control procedures, 183 bit rates, 31 call distribution, 71f synchronous digital hierarchy, 501-502 call-gapping control, 552 "bit robbing,", 119 calling habits, cultural factors and, 173 bits (binary digits), 31, 107, 251 calling rate, 56 period of, 263-264 call-progress signaling, 5, 149, 150 bit sequences, 252, 255 call-progress tones, 158 integrity of, 193 in North America, 158 bit synchronization, 137 call routing. See leading register concept; routing blacker than black region, 408 entries blanking level (pulse), 408 call setup, 4 blockage, 8, 11, 58 register occupancy time for, 160 INDEX call store SPC function, 73, 74 RF bandwidth for, 37 cancel controls, 552 cellular radio network access techniques, 468-476 capacitance, 33-34, 587-593 code division multiple access, 472-476 defined, 589 frequency division multiple access, 469 capacitive circuit, 33f time division multiple access, 469-472 capacitive reactance, 598-599 cellular radio systems, 457-478 capacitors, 33, 589-591 background of, 457-458 in RC circuits, 592-593 central office, 6 "capacity" formula, 272 codes, 6 capacity utilization, PSTN, 7-8 central office termination (COT), 128 CAPs (competitive access providers), 17 central processor, in SPC, 73 carbon transmitter, frequency response, 93 CEPT/CT1 standard, 481-482. See also carried traffic, 56 Conference European Post & Telegraph carrie