 side to maximize capacity and spectrum usage. Thus, why do we not invest more generously technology, development/research, and the creation of applications than in spectrum license fees? It seems that this capital circulation would also create revenues for needy governments. In conclusion, there exist expanding possibilities for service innovation, technology applications and research and development to solve challenging telecommunication demands. References 3GPP, Technical Specification Group, QoS Concept (3G TR 23.907 version 1.3.0, 1999). Technical Specification Group, Codec for Circuit Switched Multimedia Telephony Service, General Description, 3GPP, TS 26.110, 1999. ITU-T H.324, Terminal For Low Bit-rate Multimedia Communication, 1998. 3GPP, Mandatory Speech Codec Speech Processing Functions, AMR Speech Codec; Gen- eral Description (3G TS 26.071, 1999). ITU-TH.323, Packet Based Multimedia Communications Systems, 1998. 3GPP, Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects, Services and System Aspects, Location Services (LCS), Service description, Stage 1, 3G TS 22.071, 1999. Handley, M. et al., SIP: Session Initiation Protocol, RFC2543, IETF, 1999. 3GPP, Technical Specification Group (TSG) RAN, Working Group 2 (WG2), Stage 2 Functional Specification of Location Services in URAN, 3G TR 25.923, 1999. The increase in operators during the 3G licensing process in many countries will create higher competition The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology: Air Interface Techniques for Future Mobile Systems Jonathan P. Castro Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Print ISBN 0-471-81375-3 Online ISBN 0-470-84172-9 DEPLOYING 3G NETWORKS BACKGROUND Logically deploying 3G networks implies dimensioning and implementing corresponding elements within a geographical area, where an operator would desire to offer advanced mobile communications services, e.g. voice, mobile Internet, video-telephony, etc. In the preceding chapters we have outlined the service requirements and technical speci- fications of the UMTS sol