ong the services (e.g., MPS, emergency, medical, public safety) and among the users of those services. The traffic prioritization may be enforced by adjusting resource utilization or preempting lower priority traffic. The networks are typically capable of providing the required QoS (e.g., reliability, latency, and bandwidth) for a service and are able to pri- oritize resources when necessary in order to meet the service requirements. The existing QoS and policy frameworks manage latency and improve reliability by traffic engineer- ing. In order to support 5G service requirements, it is necessary for the 5G network to offer QoS and policy control for reliable communication with latency required for a ser- vice and enable the resource adaptations as necessary. Also, as 5G network is expected to operate in a heterogeneous environment with multiple access technologies, multiple types of UE, etc., it should support a harmonized QoS and policy framework that can be applied to multiple access networks. Unlike the QoS control in EPS which only COV- ers RAN and core network, the 5G network end-to-end QoS (e.g., RAN, backhaul, core network, network-to-network inter-connect) is required to achieve the 5G user experi- ence (e.g., ultra-low latency, ultra-high bandwidth). V2X Services: Platooning enables the vehicles to dynamically form a group travelling together. All the vehicles in the platoon receive periodic data from the leading vehicle, in order to carry on platoon operations. This information allows the distance between vehicles to become extremely small, that is, the inter-vehicle distance when translated Introduction and Background Ixxiii to time can be very small and in the order of fraction of a second. Platooning applica- tions may allow the participating vehicles to be autonomously driven. Advanced driving enables semi-automated or fully automated driving where longer inter-vehicle distance is assumed. Each vehicle and/or road side unit (RSU)²1 shares data obtained from its local sensors with vehicles in proximi