 of autonomy and respond to external road, traffic, and weather conditions, similar to what a human driver would do when driving a car. Figure 14.5 shows the different levels of automation for an AV: LEVEL 0: No driving automation and the human driver is fully responsible for driving LEVEL 1: Driving assistance is provided to the human driver - e.g., ACC LEVEL 2: Partial automation to help the human driver - e.g., highway driving assistance LEVEL 3: Conditional automation in which the system can drive in some situations but may occasionally need the human driver to step in when the system cannot handle it - e.g., moving off-ramp LEVEL 4: A high level of automation in which the system can do all the driving under certain conditions without any human attention LEVEL 5: Full automation, where the system can drive the car in all situations that a human can Level No Automation Human driver does the driving Driver Assistance Human driver is helped but still driving Partial Automation Human driver is helped more but still driving Conditional Automation System can drive in few situations, but the human driver may have to step in High Automation System can do all driving under certain conditions Full Automation System can drive in all situations Figure 14.5 - Levels of automation in vehicles Audi A8 planned Level 3 (L3) automation, but it was later canceled due to the lack of industry regulations around it. However, Mercedes-Benz Drive Pilot is considered the world's first L3 autonomous driving system and was first made available in Germany in May 2022. It is available as an option for Mercedes-Benz S-Class and EQS models. The Drive Pilot feature adds about 5-10K to the cost of 5G and Autonomous Vehicles the car tps://www.motortrend.com/news/mercedes-benz-drive-pilot-eqs- autonomous-driverless-first-drive-review/).Ituses a combination of technologies such as radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), and stereo cameras to enable the sensing required for safe L3 automation in driving. Tesla Full Self-Driving (FSD) Beta Ve