o Technologies, 289 Intercarrier Compensation (ICC) fees, 139-141 interconnection points, 199 www.TechnicalPDF.com inter-exchange mileage, 254 interference, mitigation of, 331 interlaced displays, 30 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Telecommunications Union. See ITU (International Telecommunications Union) Internet, 272-274. See also broadband networks community forums, 309-310 definition of, 273-274 digital divide, 315-316 e-commerce, 308-309 extranets, 319 history of, 273-274 Internet2, 280 intranets, 317-318 ISPs (Internet service providers), 276-277 network neutrality issues, 311-314 pricing and competition, 316 protocols, 274-275 search engines, 277-280 security, 296-298 cyber terrorism, 305 firewalls, 303 insider breaches, 299-300, 303-304 IoT (Internet of Things), 364 privacy issues, 306-307 ransomware, 304 recognition of attacks, 301 redress against hackers, 304-305 resistance to attacks, 298-299 response to attacks, 301 security software, 299 sustainability, 219-220 streaming media www.TechnicalPDF.com accessing, 282 ad revenue on, 286 competition in, 286 content available on, 284-285 definition of, 280-281 ease of use, 281-282, 287-289 growth in, 281 Pay-TV, 289 set-top boxes for, 283 technical challenges, 289-290 worldwide availability, 287 structure of address structures, 294-297 aggregation routers, 292 CDNs (Content Delivery Networks), 293 edge routers, 291-292 peering points, 293-294 reliability, 292-293 root servers, 294-295 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 296-297 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), 295-296 Internet exchanges. See peering points Internet Movie Database (IMDB), 160 Internet of Things. See IoT (Internet of Things) Internet Protocol. See IP (Internet Protocol) Internet service providers. See carriers Internet small computer system interface (iSCSI), 88 Internet2, 280 interoffice connections, MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching), 235 CoS (Class of Service), 238 implementation, 236-237 multinational locations, 237