tage. The vices over both packet-switched and circuit-switched UTRA (and GSM/EDGE) specifications are developed, bearers. The first major addition of radio access features maintained and approved in 3GPP. After approval, the to WCDMA is Release 5 with High Speed Downlink organizational partners transpose them into appropriate Packet Access (HSDPA) and Release 6 with Enhanced deliverables as standards in each region. Uplink. These two are together referred to as HSPA. In parallel with the initial 3GPP work, a 3G system With HSPA, UTRA goes beyond the definition of a 3G based on TD-SCDMA was developed in China. mobile system and also encompasses broadband mobile TD-SCDMA was eventually merged into Release 4 of the data. 3GPP specifications as an additional TDD mode. With the studies of an Evolved UTRAN (LTE) and the The work in 3GPP is carried out with relevant ITU related System Architecture Evolution (SAE), further recommendations in mind and the result of the work is steps are taken in terms of broadband capabilities. also submitted to ITU. The organizational partners are obliged to identify regional requirements that may lead to options in the standard. Examples are regional fre- 4.1.2.3 IMT-2000 activities in ITU quency bands and special protection requirements local to a region. The specifications are developed with global The present ITU work on 3G takes place in ITU-R roaming and circulation of terminals in mind. This im- Working Party 8F (WP8F), where 3G systems are re- plies that many regional requirements in essence will be ferred to as IMT-2000. WP8F does not write technical global requirements for all terminals, since a roaming specifications for IMT-2000, but has kept the role of terminal has to meet the strictest of all regional re- defining IMT-2000, cooperating with the regional stan- quirements. Regional options in the specifications are dardization bodies and to maintain a set of recommen- thus more common for base stations than for terminals. dations for IMT-2000. The specifications of all relea