) approval of AT&T purchase of time Warner, 126 broadband defined by, 229-230 in-home battery backup requirements, 204 incentive auctions, 327-328 media consolidation issues, 144 NECA (National Exchange Carrier Association), 198 network neutrality, 311-314 regulatory issues, 138-140 www.TechnicalPDF.com A-CAM (Alternative Connect America Model), 141-142 e-rate subsidies, 143 ICC (Intercarrier Compensation) fees, 139-141 Lifeline subsidies, 142-143 media consolidation issues, 144 rate of return guarantees, 139 universal service, 139 utility pole attachments, 138-139 FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet), 88 FDM (Frequency-Division Multiplexing), 355 Federal Communications Act, 168 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), 83 Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), 60 Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 145 Feldman, Jeffrey, 138-139 femtocells, 353-354 FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission), 83 fiber to the home (FTTH), 208-209 fiber to the premises (FTTP), 201, 213-214 fiber-optic cabling, 5, 76. See also PONs (Passive Optical Networks) advantages over copper, 9-10 amplifiers, 9-10 backups with, 263-264 coherent fiber optics, 8 in commercial organizations, 14-16 connecting copper cables to, 17 dark fiber, 12 demand for, 5-6 DWDMs (dense wavelength division multiplexers), FTTH (fiber to the home), 208-209 FTTP (fiber to the premises), 201, 213-214 www.TechnicalPDF.com half duplex operation, 9 Infinera, 13 information content provider use of, 6-7 lasers, 8 in last-mile access networks, 201, 202-204 multi-mode, 13-14 regenerators, 9-10 replacing DSL with, 249 single-mode, 13-14 super channels, 8 FiberTower, 133, 135, 329 Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), 88 file compression. See compression file servers, 79, 120 file streaming. See streaming media Fire TV, 159, 283 firewalls, 303 benefits of, 243-244 definition of, 29 FaaS (firewalls as a service), 244 first-mile networks. See last-mile access networks FirstNet, 218-219 FISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act), 60 flash memory, 86-87 Fleetm