of their ability to provide end-to-end security, multimedia and digital rights management. Intel were promoting their 2005 offering 'Bulverde' on the basis of its built-in hardware- based security capabilities (DES, triple DES and AES encryption) and conformance with IT industry (EAL4+/EAL5+evaluation assurance levels) rather than telco industry security standards. The SD card and MMC cards available at the time also promoted enhanced security and au- thentication features as part of their future network operator focused value-added proposition. Smart card/SIM/storage card combinations such as MOPASS (a Hitachi-led consortium work- ing on SIM card/memory card functional integration) strengthened this story. These products were sometimes described as 'bridge media' products. Thus, it was possible that some of the functionality proposed for the USIM/ISIM would migrate onto competitive device platforms particularly in markets with no prior SIM/USIM experience. The 1-gigabyte capacity of the SIM also could have been assumed to be insufficient for many of the evolving imaging applications, particularly video storage and movie image management and/or any associated gaming applications. And that's how it has turned out SO far. SIM cards have not made significant inroads into new markets and still predominantly perform the functions that they have always performed. 9.5.2.2 Compact Flash In 1994, SanDisk introduced Compact Flash, a 4-MB flash card with a depth of 3.3 mm (type 1 PC card) by 36.4 by 42.8 mm and a weight of 11 g. Compact Flash was compatible with the Integrated Device Electronics standard, which meant that the flash looks like a (small) hard disk to the operating system. Capacities ranged from 16 MB to 12 GB and the products were widely used in digital cameras. The devices could withstand a shock of 2000 Gs equivalent to a 10-foot drop and were claimed to be able to retain data for up to 100 years. Specification revisions included an increase in data transfer rate from 16 MB/s to 66 MB/s. 9.5.2.3 Smart Media