population distribution. Table 5.1. Regional availability of water resources North and Australia % World's South America Europe Africa Central America and Oceania Water Population Ratio (%) Some 2 million tonnes of waste is discharged daily, polluting some 12 000 km3 of receiving waters. Climate change is expected to increase precipitation from latitudes 30° N and 30° S, with lower and more variable rainfall in tropical and subtropical regions. Extremes of weather will be more common, with more frequent disasters worldwide (UN, 2003). Levels of water supply and sanitation provision are given in Table 5.2 (WHO/UNICEF, 2005) and global water use in Table 5.7. INFRASTRUCTURE TO 2030: TELECOM, LAND TRANSPORT, WATER AND ELECTRICITY - ISBN 92-64-02398-4 © OECD 2006 THE IMPACTS OF CHANGE ON THE LONG-TERM FUTURE DEMAND FOR WATER SECTOR INFRASTRUCTURE Table 5.2. Percentage of population served by water supply and sanitation services (2002) Infrastructure World Developed countries Eurasia Developing regions Water supply Urban Rural Total Sanitation Urban Rural Total Table 5.2 illustrates those regions with less than 100% coverage of safe (or improved) systems of water supply and sanitation. It does not differentiate where service provision is local or provided via major and/or centralised infrastructure. The significance of this is illustrated in Table 5.3, which shows the proportions of urban dwellers with in-house facilities (Tipping, Adbm and Tibaijuka, 2005), and in Table 5.4, which shows the proportion of households connected to mains water and sewers (UN, 2003). Although having a flush toilet is not necessarily an appropriate measure in developing countries, Table 5.3 is indicative of the more local access to water and sanitation - information not explicit in Table 5.2. Table 5.3. Percentage of households with in-house access to safe drinking water and reliable sanitation South, central, Facility North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa Southeast Asia Latin America west Asia Wealth Non-poor Poor Non-poor Poor Non-poor Non-poo