gy-based industries, the telecommunications industry is built on a foundation of sand, also known as silicon. Silicon-based devices provide us with the capability to capture, process, filter, amplify, transmit, receive and reproduce complex analogue real- world signals. Silicon-based devices allow us to speak, send (data, audio, image and video), spend and store. Silicon value translates into software value that translates into system value that translates into spectral and network bandwidth value. Decreasing device geometry delivers a bandwidth gain both in terms of volume and value. 'Bandwidth value' at the device level determines bandwidth value at the system and network level that, for cellular and mobile broadband networks, implies a return on spectral investment. By studying silicon value we determine how future software, system and spectral value will be realised. As suggested in previous chapters, we can consider at least five value domains - Radio systems, Audio systems, Positioning systems, Imaging Systems and Data Systems. These are illustrated in Table 21.1. Silicon vendors and silicon design teams who successfully integrate these five domains will be at a competitive advantage. Earlier in this chapter we described the concept of blended bandwidth and balanced band- width as interrelated concepts that could be used to qualify radio access and network transport functionality and radio access and network transport value. Integration is the process of blend- ing and balancing. The same principle applies at the silicon level. First, define the domains and then qualify how these domains add individual and/or overall value. Use this to qualify partitioning and integration decisions and R and D resource decisions. 'Blended bandwidth' (the horizontal axis in Table 21.1) implies a need to integrate each of the five domains and within each of the five domains, to integrate individual subsystem Table 21.1 Value domains Radio Audio Positioning Imaging Wide area Local area Personal area Voice Audio Micro Macro Ima