-called Roof-to-Street (RtS) part, the TX is therefore not only replicated due to the is a complex phenomenon also involving multiple re- multipath but also distorted due to the above-mentioned flections and scattering on the buildings surrounding the characteristics. The effect of multiple bounces inside the MT. Several authors proposed 2D RT in the vertical plane dielectric slab on a UWB pulse transmitted through with multiple reflection/diffractions to model RtS a wall is also shown in the paper. Since the antenna propagation. Reflections and diffractions alone, however, patterns must be considered frequency dependent, are quite inefficient for RtS propagation in dense urban a time-domain antenna diagram must be input to the RT environment since the former requires a large number of simulator. An example of the effect on a transmitted bounces and the latter involves deep-shadow diffraction, pulse of the overall indoor propagation process is shown which is very weak. According to preliminary studies in Figure 4.7-18. Location number 27 Measured Profile Simulated Profile S=0.6 Simulated Profile S=0.4 2D-RT Simulated Profile (7 events) 2D-RT Simulated Profile (4 events) Delay (us) Time (ms) Figure 4.7-17 Measured and simulated PDP with and without Figure 4.7-18 Received UWB impulse with TX and RX in NLoS scattering. on the same floor in a simple office environment. Propagation modelling and channel characterisation CHAPTER 4.7 4.7.3.6 Applications of ray models It is important to note that the velocity of the mobile is used here as a parameter whose actual magnitude is not Since ray models can potentially reproduce the multipath relevant, SO that it can be considered as a differential propagation process, the range of possible applications is velocity. The spatial distribution of fades depends only on virtually unlimited. Power coverage predictions can of how the power density is distributed along the Doppler course be achieved with ray models. However, simpler frequencies, but not on what the maximum Doppler emp