ore and edge, 270 telephones, 377 firewalls in, 277 Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) satellite Layer 3 routers, 24 services, 412 switching routers. See Layer 3 switches satellite television, 140 routing efficiencies of packet networks, 8 Savill, Paul, 189 RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol), 101 SBC (Southwestern Bell Communications), 111 rural and sparsely populated areas purchases transforming SBC into AT&T, Inc., high cost of Internet connectivity, 188-191 SBCs (session border controllers), 182, 185 high-speed Internet access, 166 conversion of VoIP protocols for PSTN, 220 MPLS, lack of availability, 226 Scartel, 420 Index SCCP (Skinny Client Control Protocol), 101 transmissions sent via Internet, 230-235 SC (Subscriber Connector), 43 Virtual Private Cloud, 36 SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy), 171 Seldow, Adam, 37 SONET/SDH traffic, 175 servers, 4, 104 SDRs (software-defined radios), 347 communications servers as application on for handsets, USB modems, and tablet com- LANs, 78 puters, 348 with converged network adapters (CNAs), 61 innovations in SDRs for mobile devices, 349 Fibre Channel and Ethernet ports in, 59 SeaMeWe-4 cabling system, 170, 171 root servers, 272 search engines, 265 security software, 277 Baidu, 396 storage capacity on commodity servers, 57 competition for advertising revenue, 279 virtual switches on physical servers, 60 competition from social networks, 265 VoIP, 181 generators of e-commerce revenue, 286 server sprawl, 66 second generation (2G) cellular networks, 306, server virtualization, 4, 35-38, 52, 58 316, 380 service level agreements (SLAs), 33, 227 2.5 generation services (2.5G), 381 serving gateway (SGW), 343 architecture 2G GSM networks, 330 session border controllers (SBCs), 182, 185 digital service, 321 Session Layer (OSI), 49 GSM service, 322 set-top devices, 280, 281, 283 infrastructure, 328-331 cable TV, set-top boxes, 193 migrating from 2G to WCDMA 3G service, Shared Spectrum Company, 314, 315 SHDSL, 259 refarming of spectrum for 4G service, 321 short, high-frequency w