hallenges are forcing the mobile industry to think outside the box. The result came in the form of a concept in the mid 2000s called "Connecting the Next Billion." The concept is to cost effectively provide connectivity to the villages and remote areas of countries such as Bangladesh, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Tanzania, Vietnam, and SO on, where traditional means of Recap and Future Outlook providing cellular service was not viable. The targeted segment is the one that earns less than two dollars a day (<$2/day) and has very minimal disposable income. The concept not only aims to connect the remote areas, but also offers an opportunity for the rural people to turn up as entrepreneurs and thereby get paid for the service. The three key vendors that provide village connectivity solutions are Nokia Siemens Networks, Huawei and VNL (Vihaan Networks Limited). NSN solution is called Village Connection [8] which is currently under testing in India and Pakistan. NSN and ITU signed an agreement in October 2009 promising to set up mobile connectivity in such areas starting with remote areas of the Pacific region. Huawei called it EasyGSM [9] and currently under Vodafone's evaluation. A Swedish-Indian startup, VNL called their solar-powered solution, WorldGSM [10] and is currently under evaluation in India. 13.6 Green Power for Mobile Cellular networks rely on radio towers or base stations that convert electricity into radio waves and need a constant supply of energy to operate. In developed areas, base stations are easily connected to a main power grid for a reliable energy supply. In developing areas however, 1.6 billion people lack access to grid electricity and an additional one billion people have unreliable electricity. Though providers have relied largely on diesel powered generators to power off-grid and unreliable grid base stations, it is becoming increasingly apparent that this is not the optimal solution for off-grid power [11]. Mobile Communications is one of the great means of information sharing and knowledge 