for a Chernoff bound is that the random variable must be a sum of independent indicator random variables [39]. 12.5 IMT-Advanced test environments Channel Coding Model Modulation Model Quality Mapping Information Collection/ SINR2 Mutual Correction Information 64QAM Rate= MI Metric (m) Rate=r1 MI Metric (m) Multi-state Channel Quality of one coding block Mapping Function Mapping Table FIGURE 12-4 The procedure for an MI ESM link-to-system mapping method [8] system-level simulation, denoted as SINR1, SINR2, SINR3, SINRN a mutual-information metric is calculated. Based on the computed MI metric, an equivalent SINR is obtained and used to lookup the BLER value [8]. 12.5 IMT-ADVANCED TEST ENVIRONMENTS For the evaluation of IMT-Advanced candidates, the ITU-R WP 5D defined several test environments where each test environment is characterized with certain user mobility, path loss and channel models, and system configuration parameters. The evaluation of candidate radio access technologies was performed in selected scenarios in the following test environments [6]: Indoor test environment models isolated cells at offices and/or in hotspots comprising stationary and pedestrian users. In this model, the emphasis is on very small cells, very high user throughputs, and high user density inside buildings. Urban micro-cellular test environment with higher user density was defined to model pedestrian and slow vehicular users. The micro-cellular test environment's focus is on small cells and high user densities which demonstrates typical traffic load in city centers and dense urban areas. The key characteristic of this test environment is high traffic loads, as well as outdoor and outdoor-to- indoor coverage. This scenario is interference-limited. A continuous cellular layout and the associated interference are assumed, and radio access points are located below rooftop level. Urban macro-cellular environment (base coverage urban) was defined to model coverage for pedestrian users up to fast-moving vehicular users. The base cover