Architecture Architecture Information Architecture Performance Legecy Preferences Figure 8.25 Architectural relationship. Reproduced with permission from C 2008 3GPP [34] Core Networks and Operations Support Systems functions that have to be achieved. The information architecture defines what information has to be pro- vided SO the functions defined in the functional architecture can be achieved. The physical architecture has to meet the needs of both the functional architecture and the information architectures. The functional architecture looks into performance management aspects described in [34]. The phys- ical architecture specifications look into how to address the ever changing management requirements of mobile networks. 8.3.6.2 PLMN Physical Architecture and IRP The key concepts and strategic contexts in physical architecture are standardized in TS 32.102 [35]. The requirements identified in [35] are applicable to the further development of 3GPP Telecom Management specifications as well as the development of PLMN Management Products. The management of 3G systems has put a lot of new requirements to the management systems compared to the second generation of mobile systems. The 2G systems can be characterized as the era of vendor-dependent NE managers (from an operations management point of view). The different OSs had very low interoperability with other systems and functional blocks could rarely be re-used. The 2G systems were far away from the TMN vision where one vendor's os should be able to manage other vendor's network elements. Thus, many of the newer requirements from the management of 3G systems can largely be solved by establishing a suitable physical architecture. The requirements from 3G management systems imply a focus change from network element man- agement towards "information management." Different components of 3G networks - access, core, transmission have been the targets for TM standardization and many of these standards will be reused. Some of the complex interfaces will be standardiz