capacity that can serve all contracted users, considering the projected growth in offered bitrates for IAS, the data cap for IAS, number of customers per IAS and specialized service, and number of specialized services offered in parallel with IAS over the same broadband fixed or mobile networks). The need for intervention from the NRA will depend on the quality of the IAS and therefore monitoring of IAS and assessment of the measurement results are necessary to detect eventual degradation, which may include the following cases [4]: ISPs prioritize specialized services at the expense of the IAS as a whole. Internet traffic load grows faster than the increase in available capacity in the given access and core (i.e. regional) networks, or at the interconnection points. IAS of sufficient quality is accessible to only a limited number of users, or in limited regions (e.g. in mobile access networks). When there is degradation of the IAS as a whole (Figure 8.2), the IAS-providing ISP (that is ISP-A in Figure 8.2) will not be able to directly control the performance beyond its own interconnection points through which they interconnect to neighboring net- works (ISP-B and ISP-C). However, ISPs first perform traffic dimensioning and network design and then also complete interconnection agreements, after investigating network performance needs and negotiating with peering and transit partners. ISP-Y ISP-X ISP-C (transit provider) (transit provider) Outside direct control of ISP-A for IAS degradation ISP-A Peering ISP-B ISP - Internet service provider Figure 8.2 Degradation of internet access service (IAS) as a whole. 8 Network Neutrality Examples of degradations of individual OTT applications and services and applica- tions include (but are not limited to) the following: blocking of OTT VoIP (e.g. Viber, WhatsApp, etc.) on mobile IASs; blocking or throttling of the OTT peer-to-peer file sharing (e.g. BitTorrent) applica- tions on mobile or fixed IASs; differentiation of OTT traffic that is generated from different content a