ived signal Rx losses ( cable (Noise + Interference) + combiner) Received data LTE Link Design with various Losses and Gains Figure 1-3. Process of gains and losses in transmission path Transmission Power Transmission power is the key to any link budget calculation. The higher the transmission power, the higher the permissible path loss and the greater the cell radius. Depending on the cell size, the transmission powers are of different levels, for example, a macro cell transmits at 10 to 20 watts per port, whereas for a pico cell, the power would be in the range of 2 watts. CHAPTER 1 NETWORK PLANNING Radio link budgeting is performed separately for the UL and DL as the transmission power of the signal will be of different power levels (i.e., the maximum UE transmit power is around 23 db, which is used for radio link budget calculation or acceptable path loss calculation for the UL). Features like MIMO increase the transmission power of the antenna and therefore increase the coverage and capacity of the cell. Antenna Gains Antenna gains, especially on the transmitter side (eNodeB antenna gain), are the most significant gain contributors for a link budget calculation. The reason for the gain is because of the directional behavior of the antenna (i.e., the power emitted or received by the antennas is focused in one particular direction). For a macro site, typically the antenna gain is in the order of around 18 dbm and the receiver gain on the UE side is in the order of 0 or 1 dbm. If there is no external antenna for the UE, then the gain is 0. Diversity Gain Diversity on the receiver side is useful when decoding the original signal, especially at the cell edge where the path loss is higher. The diversity capability at the receiver end helps in reducing the required energy per information to noise power spectral density (Eb/No) ratio at the receiver side. Typically, the diversity gain amounts up to 3 db both on the UE side as well as the eNodeB receiver side. Cable and Connector Losses Typically, the cable and conne