ing services. Log4J is an open source product with Apache License. 3. Communications security services: The NMS interacts with multiple EMS or network elements in the south bound interface (SBI) and with other NMS or OSS applications in the north bound interface (NBI). The interaction between the NMS and other applications is expected to be secure. Security of data is achieved by encrypting the data before transmission. There are different appli- cations that provide interfaces for NMS to encrypt the data before communi- cating with NBI and SBI. The BouncyCastle package is a popular Java-based encryption package used in most network management solutions. It should be understood that the NMS components discussed in this chapter are a logical grouping of functionality and there will not be specific process of package in an NMS application with these component names. The functionalities in the NMS are grouped under some main headings to explain the essential building blocks. Most open source packages for NMS are implemented in Java. The platform components can also include libraries and not just service packages like the examples discussed. 11.6 Management Function Components The management function components are the heart of any network management solution. They implement the management functions like event handling and Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS performance correlation, using the data collected from the network elements. These management functions can be split into program segments or logical blocks that can developed as individual components. There are multiple open source compo- nents that offer a set or subset of management functions in this component. Some of the sample blocks in management function components are: 1. Discovery component: The discovery component will dynamically discover the network and its elements configuration using the interfaces offered by the data collection components. It would also use the interfaces of a data per- sistence component that is part of a platform component for 