imulation Parameters Traffic channel TX power. We assume 25 dBm for DL traffic channel power control- range, and for the maximum power for each DL traffic channel (i.e. both speech and data) we assume 30 and 20 dBm in the macro-cellular and micro-cellular environment, respectively. The downlink Eb/No target following directives in [7] assumes 7.9 and 2.5 dB for speech and data, respectively, with DL TX or RX diversity4 in the macro-cellular envi- ronment. The micro-cellular environment the DL Eb/No target assumes 6.1 dB and 1.9 dB for speech and data, respectively, with DL TX or RX diversity. 4 4.5 dB without diversity. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology 5.5.4.3.2 The Downlink SIR Calculation The DL signal-to-interference-ratio (SIR) can be expressed as: (5.15) where S is the received signal, Gp is processing gain, Town is the interference generated by those users linked to the same BS that the observed user (it includes also interference caused by perch channel and common channels), /other is interference from other cells, a is the orthogonality factor and No is thermal noise, which is calculated for the 4.096 MHz band by assuming 9 dB system noise figure. Thermal noise power is then equal to -99 dBm. Transmission powers for them are in total 30 and 20 dBm for macro cells and micro cells, respectively. As noted in earlier chapters, the orthogonality factor takes into account the fact that the DL is not perfectly orthogonal due to multi-path propagation. An orthogonality factor of 0 implies perfectly orthogonal intra-cell users, while the value of 1 implies that the in- tra-cell interference has the same effect as inter-cell interference. Here the orthogonality factor a assumes 0.4 and 0.06 for macro cells and micro cells, respectively. 5.5.4.3.3 The Downlink Maximum TX Power For the maximum BS TX power, i.e. when the sum of all DL traffic channels in a cell exceeds the maximum base station TX power, here we assume 43 and 33 dBm in the macro cell and micro cell environments, respectively. Thus, during s