function Figure Simplified logical layered architecture. (Based ITU-T documentation.) Management capability that can offer end-user service improvements and ability to implement customer self-care strategies. Management solution to support eBusiness value networks based in concept to roles like customer, service provider, supplier, and SO on. Management layer should form an abstraction layer in hiding the complex- ity of technologies and domains in the resource layer made up of network, computing resources, and application. Have support for different forms of billing process, where the account- ing layer in the management solution can do both offline and online charging. The management solution should be an autonomic computing environment where bug fixing can be handled with minimal manual intervention. The management solution should be able to do dynamic end-to-end provi- sioning. This means that when the operators request for activation of service, the management solution should provision the service, provision the network, and configure the individual network elements to offer the specific service to be activated and start billing for the activated service. A standard-based management platform that is not tied to a specific organiza- tion, technology, or domain. An event-based management platform that does trend monitoring to take actions in the event of an error and maintains the quality of service. Next Generation Network Management (NGNM) Well-defined interface and information points between the transport and network stratum, the management and control plane, and finally between administrative boundaries. Provide an integrated view of management across various planes from ele- ment to business management. NGN management should have an architecture and supporting business pro- cess that will go along with seamless introduction of new services. M.3060 was one of the first and most comprehensive documents from a stan- dardizing body. Many other standardizing bodies followed the lead of ITU-T and came up with s