oustic echo return loss enhancement four-wire switched 56 INC USDC, 200 (AERLE) ratings, 255 HO service, 207 ActiveX, 299 Aetna Life and Casualty H11 service, 207 early adopter of videoconferencing, 8 introduction of switched 56, 199 Air Products and Chemicals, 24 MFJ, 418, 453 Al Gore Picturephone, 462 Atlantic Richfield distance learning, 32 Alec Reeves early adopter of videoconferencing, 8 PCM, 93 ATM, 181, 209 alternate local exchange carrier (ALEC), 193 support of isochronous service, 211 ATSC, 339 alternating current generator Ernst F. W. Alexanderson, 67 audio algorithms, 252 Audio Video Control ambient noise minimizing in a videoconferencing room Conference Services (T.133), 150 environment, 272 Infrastructure Management (T.132), 149 American Disabilities Act, 58 AudioFX, 355 American National Standards Institute audiographics (ANSI), 337 ratification of standards, 12 amplitude modulation (AM), 67 Audion tube Amtrak Lee De Forrest, 68 video survellance, 29 audio-only meeting participants, 276 Annex D of the H.261 standard, 258 audio-video synchronization, 307 Apple Audio-Video Transport Working Group QuickTime, 465 (IETF), 173 Application Layer (TCP/IP), 170 auditions Video Communication: the Whole Picture over video, 23 boardroom videoconferencing systems, 242 AUSSAT 3 satellite, 45 Boeing, 26 auto focus, 394 early adopter of videoconferencing, 8 automatic gain control (AGC), 375 BONDING automatic mixing techniques standard, 208 for managing multiple microphones, 274 brainstorming, 290, 291 automobile manufacturer Branly, Edouard, 66 virtuall co-location of engineering groups, British Broadcasting Corporation, 397 British Telecom auxiliary cameras, 257, 276 initiation of EVE trial, 112 videoconferencing pioneer, 6 Conference Service Management (T.133), British-Open University, 32 broadband local loop, 294 AVC: Infrastructure Management (T.132), brokering excess videoconferencing room capacity, 285 BancTec, 26 BT North America, 245 Bandwidth On Demand Interoperability Group (BONDING), 208 business case ba