panies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. Transport Technologies Transport Technologies ber 2000, the first new top-level domains, seven in all, were approved by ICANN. They are .aero, for the aviation industry; .biz, for businesses; .coop, for business cooperatives; .info, for general use; .museum, for (you guessed it); .name, for individuals; and .pro, for professionals. The TCP/IP Protocol: What It Is and How It Works TCP/IP has been around for a long time, and while we often tend to think of it as a single protocol that governs the Internet, it is in reality a fairly exhaustive collection of protocols that cover the functions of numerous layers of the protocol stack. And while OSI, discussed in an earlier chap- ter, has seven layers of protocol functionality, TCP/IP has only four, as shown in Figure 7-35. We will explore each layer in moderate detail in the sections that follow. For purposes of comparison, however, OSI and TCP/IP compare functionally as shown in Table 7-1. The Network Interface Layer TCP/IP was created for the Internet with the concept in mind that the Internet would not be a particularly well-behaved network. In other words, designers of the protocol made the assumption that the Internet would become precisely what it has become- a network of networks, using a plethora of unrelated and often conflicting protocols, transport- ing traffic with widely varying QoS requirements. The fundamental Table 7-1 TCP/IP Protocol Stack OSI Reference Model TCP/IP compared to Network Interface Layer Physical and Data Link Layers (L1-2) Internet Layer Network Layer (L3) Transport Layer Transport Layer (L4) Application Services Layer Session, Presentation, and Applica- tion Layers (L5-7) Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. Transport Technologies Chapter 7 Figure 7-35 Simplifie