inition of QoS parameters has a certain goal: assessment of QoS via measure- ments and audit of the obtained results by using the target levels for those parameters. The targets for QoS parameters are typically set by the NRA; however, they have to go through consultation with the operators, SO certain adaptations of the measurement procedures may be required in some cases (e.g. for some new broadband technologies such as 5G in the 2020s). Regardless of the targets set by the NRA, the telecom operators may set their own targets, which may be stricter than those imposed by the regulator. The formulation of QoS parameters' target levels may involve different approaches. For example, if one states the percentage of new IAS delivered in more than X days (as the service supply time), then X indicates a target level. If one specifies the number of days within which 90% of IAS requests were delivered to customers, then no target level is indicated for the IAS supply time. 9 QoS Regulatory Framework The measurement methods should be objective in all cases. In certain cases it may not be possible to specify concrete parameters that can be assessed objectively, such as satisfaction from the customer care center. Then parameters are assessed subjectively by asking the customer to grade the satisfaction from the response obtained from the cus- tomer care center of the given telecom operator. However, such subjective assessment is not likely to be used as a basis for enforcement (e.g. by the NRA). Subjective assess- ment can be realized by third parties as well as by telecom operators themselves. Such measurements are best built into business and operation support systems and should be provided automatically, via SMS (to the mobile user who called the customer care center), Web form (to the Internet user of an OTT service, such as a booking site), via phone call (which is less convenient), via email (when an email address is available), or a combination of these. The measurements can be either active or passive (as discussed 