1.1 Grating Filters 4.4.1.2 Fiber Bragg Gratings 4.4.1.3 Thin-Film Interference Filters 4.4.2 Tunable Optical Filters 4.4.2.1 Etalon 4.4.2.2 Mach Zehnder Interferometer 4.4.2.3 Microrings Filters 4.4.3 WDM Multiplexers and Demultiplexers References 5 Technology for Telecommunications: Integrated Optics and Microelectronics 5.1 Introduction Semiconductor Lasers 5.2.1 Fixed-Wavelength Edge-Emitting Semiconductor Lasers 5.2.1.1 Semiconductor Laser Principle 5.2.1.2 Semiconductor Laser Modeling and Dynamic Behavior 5.2.1.3 Quantum Well Lasers 5.2.1.4 Source Fabry-Perot Lasers 5.2.1.5 Source DFB Lasers 5.2.2 High-Power Pump Lasers 5.2.3 Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers 5.2.4 Tunable Lasers 5.2.4.1 Multisection Widely Tunable Lasers 5.2.4.2 External Cavity Lasers 5.2.4.3 Laser Arrays Semiconductor Amplifiers PIN and APD Photodiodes Optical Modulation Devices 5.5.1 Mach-Zehnder Modulators 5.5.2 Electro-Absorption Modulators 5.5.3 Integrated Optical Components 5.5.3.1 Electrons and Photons in Planar Integrated Circuits 5.5.3.2 Digital and Analog Planar Integrated Circuits 5.5.3.3 Role of Packaging Contents 5.5.3.4 Integrated Optics Cost Scaling with Volumes 5.5.3.5 Integrated Planar III-V Components Optical Switches 5.6.1 Micromachining Electromechanical Switches (MEMS) 5.6.2 Liquid Crystals Optical Switches 5.6.3 Wavelength-Selective Switches Electronic Components 5.7.1 Development of CMOS Silicon Technology 5.7.1.1 CMOS Speed Evolution up and beyond the 32 nm Node 5.7.1.2 CMOS Single-Switch Power Consumption 5.7.1.3 CMOS Circuit Cost Trends 5.7.2 Application-Specific Integrated Circuits 5.7.3 Field Programmable Gate Array 5.7.3.1 Programmable Connection Network 5.7.3.2 Logic Block 5.7.3.3 FPGA Performances 5.7.4 Digital Signal Processor 5.7.4.1 DSP Hardware Architecture 5.7.4.2 DSP-Embedded Instruction Set 5.7.4.3 DSP Performances Electronics for Transmission and Routing 5.8.1 Low-Noise Receiver Front End 5.8.2 Distortion Compensation Filters 5.8.3 Electronic Dispersion Post-Compensation 5.8.3.1 Feed-Forward/Dec