 computing. In essence, IoT is about connecting billions of inexpensive small computing and commu- nicating devices into the Internet - we refer to these individual objects as smart objects. The typical examples include smart light bulbs, automated fridges, temperature sensors, and such like that are not part of the traditional set of computers such as desktop, laptops, or smart phones. In this section we will refer to this domain generally as the Internet of Things. Despite the slow start to introduce Internet connectivity to everyday objects, the IoT is now an area of strong growth. A recent Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report says that according to some estimates, as many as 50 billion mobile wireless smart objects may be connected to the Internet by 2020, and the total number of devices could even reach 500 billion [56]. Even if such figures were to end up being overly optimistic, it would be safe to say that there will be a lot of smart objects connecting to the Internet during the next decade. 6.5.1 Typical Use Cases While use cases for IoT are limited only by human imagination, a set of typical use cases exists that are helpful for understanding the problems, designing the architectures and protocols, and just to grasp what this area is about. More information about some use cases are available, for example, from European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) TS 102 689 [57, 58], IETF RFC 6568 [59], and IPSO Alliance 'IP for Smart Objects' white paper [60]. Below we list a set of typical use cases for 'Smart Something' with short descriptions and a few examples: Electricity metering: One area where smart objects are already being deployed is electricity meters. Both consumers and electricity companies benefit from real time information regarding electricity consumption. It helps people to control the electricity usage and allows, for example, much more fine-grained electricity pricing. In the cases where households even contribute electricity into the grid, from sol