ons), 35 Internet Number Resource Organization, 250 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Internet Society, 249 Multiplexing) Internet Traffic Report, 707 combining with MIMO, 559 Internet World Stats, 245 DMT using, 504 interplanetary networking protocols, 10 Flash-OFDM, 632-634 IP over birds, 266 HSOPA using, 605 LIDO Organization, Inc., xxi IEEE 802.11 standards using, 644-645 Mobitex, 585 overview of, 158-159 Moonv6 project, 279 powerline HANs using, 539-540 PKI standards, 380 spread spectrum technology, 572-574 protocols, 166 OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple regulatory bodies, 35 Access), 574 Semantic Web, 306-307 Off-premises extensions (OPXs), 109-110 SIP, 338 Office of Communications (OFCOM), 35 TD-SCDMA, 606 Office of Telecommunications (OFTEL), 35 Telecom Essentials Learning Center, xxiv Office of the Telecommunications Authority teleimmersion for military training, 1 (OFTA), 35 UMTS Forum, 601 Index Online resources, continued Optical networking, end-to-end, 456-471 UMTS TDD, 605 integrated photonic circuits, 469-470 wireless broadband companies, 613 management of, 470-471 World Radiocommunications Conferences, 599 OADMs, 463-464 ONUs (optical network units), 527 optical line amplifiers, 457-458 Open Mobile Alliance (OMA), 700-701, 702 overview of, 456-457 Open PLC European Research Alliance (OPERA), switches, 464-468 WDM equipment, 458-463 Open Shortest Path First. See OSPF (Open Shortest Optical switches Path First) defined, 92 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference deployment challenges, 466 model in emerging WDM applications, 463 layers of, 166-168 first- and next-generation, 465 VS. TCP/IP, 170-171 optical switching fabrics, 466-468 OpenCable, 519-520 overview of, 464-465 OpenCable Applications Platform (OCAP), 520 Optical transmission section, OTN, 476 OPERA (Open PLC European Research Alliance), Optical transport module (OTM), 476 Optical Transport Network (OTN), 475. See also Operating system, 175 Overlay networking model Operation support system (OSS), 697 OPXs (off-premises e