d 10000 times wider than the range of radio frequencies between 0 and 30 GHz. The use of the visible light spectrum for data communication is enabled by inexpensive and off the-shelf available light emitting diodes which also form the basis for next generation energy efficient lighting. Individual LEDs can be modulated at very high speeds of 3.5 Gbps at approximately 2 m distance have been demonstrated using micro-LEDs with a total optical output power of 5 mW [36]. xciv Introduction and Background In the early stage of network slicing deployment there will be only a few network slice instances (NSIs)³1 and the deployment may occur in a semi-automatic mode. As the number of NSIs increases and scenarios, such as, dynamic instantiation of NSIs or run-time adapta- tion of the deployed NSI emerge, more advanced technologies will be needed to support network slicing and its further evolution [31]. Management functions will become real-time, implying that the difference between management and control will gradually disappear. Some management functions will be tightly integrated with the NSIs as well as the network infrastructure. In current networks, technical domains are normally coordinated via central- ized network management system. In 5G, performing real-time cross-domain coordination through distributed lower layer such as control plane would be possible, with potentially unified control logic of different domains. Advanced automation and AI algorithms can be applied in a unified, holistic network manner, which would be scalable and flexible, which might then result in run-time deployment and adaptation of NSIs. The 5G networks are not only envisioned as a support for IoT, but also as means to give rise to an unprecedented scale of emerging industries. IoT requires support for a diverse range of service types, such as e-health, Internet of Vehicles, smart households, industrial control, and environment monitoring. These services will drive the rapid growth of IoT and facilitate numerous devices to connect to the 