What are the redundancy and failure requirements? What is the maximum tolerable limit for a data outage in case of a network component failure? For any network, one of the key aspects of it being usable is that it must be reliable. Most networks guarantee five 9's in terms of availability, which means a network targets to attain 99.999% availability. In addition to this, it is important to understand what the maximum duration of an outage is tolerable in case of failure; in that case, a redundancy design can be made. Geo-redundancies are slower but sometimes more cost-effective compared to building local redundancy at each data center, which has many times faster convergence time. How is the network going to be monitored? Once a network has been deployed, the major task is to monitor the network for failures. larger the network, the more complex it can be as there would be thousands of alarms every second, ranging from minor to critical ones that can cause revenue loss. Hence, it is a good 5G SA network design fundamentals idea to build intelligence to correlate alarms and flag only the ones that can cause a loss in revenue; the others can be addressed in time. Many operators have built-in software that can automatically check the contents of the alarm and automatically raise tickets with the concerned vendor. Such systems enhance the manageability of the network greatly. How is the network going to be maintained and upgraded? Once a large network has been deployed, the next concern is its maintainability. Upgrades on one component can adversely affect the functioning of another and can cause service loss. Hence, it is important to create a dependency chart and automate the feasibility analysis of an upgrade. How are faults going to be reported? Reporting faults is critical to the performance of the network. If faults are reported promptly and acted upon in time, it can save outages. A lot of third-party software is available that processes logs and alarm data to prune out the potential issues that can cause an o