e common solution: shift to a horizontal architecture, using Common provisioning service network building blocks Common management Common resources Figure 9.9 Common utilization of resources Telecom business Billing Charging info Business management Service management Service layer Network management Element management Control Business management Service management Traffic resources Network management Element management M = Management system Figure 9.10 The basic management 'pyramid' is complemented with a new one for the service layer, including the service network, and service and business process management start migrat- ing upwards Service Network 9.9 SERVICE NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION 9.9.1 GENERAL Summing up the network structure the application servers and other service network com- ponents are interconnected over an IP network, which allows for a distributed deployment of the service capability servers and the application servers. The interconnection may be in an Intranet or between Intranets (e.g. tunnelled over the Internet). Based on the definitions of a 3G service network, a service network solution must be able to efficiently handle four interfaces. First, there is one interface to the mobile networks. The enablers called resource managers/service capability servers are directly connected to the core network and offer that interface. Secondly, there is one interface to the end users, where they can administrate their services. This is done through the portal solution, which is one of the building blocks in personal service environment management (PSEM). Thirdly, there is one interface to the applications, which is also the interface for the application developers. This is taken care of by the applications/services interface, which is also hosting a operator specific developer zone solution. And the fourth interface is to operation and management (the operators' interface). This is done through the service network operation system. The service network embraces network internal transport via an IP network.