radations of Internet Access Service Main Regulatory Goals on Network Neutrality Network Neutrality Business Aspects Role of NRAs in Regulation of Network Neutrality Network Neutrality Approaches 272 8.6.1 Network Neutrality Approach in Europe 272 8.6.2 Network Neutrality Approach in the United States Challenges Regarding QoS and Network Neutrality Network Neutrality Enforcement Discussion 279 References 281 QoS Regulatory Framework Scope of QoS Regulation Fundamentals of QoS Regulation QoS Regulation Guidelines by the ITU SLA and QoS Regulation 9.4.1 QoS Agreement 9.4.2 SLA and QoS Regulation Specifying Parameters, Levels, and Measurement Methods 9.5.1 Defining QoS Parameters 9.5.2 Setting Target Levels and Making Measurements KPIs and Measurement Methods for Fixed and Mobile Services 9.6.1 Audit of QoS and Publishing the Measurements 9.6.2 KPI Measurements in Mobile Networks 295 9.6.3 KPI Measurements in Fixed Broadband Networks QoS and Pricing QoS Enforcement Discussion References Conclusions Index Introduction The telecommunications world has been developing at a rapid pace since the growth of the Internet in the 1990s and 2000s. Nowadays telecommunications is also referred to information and communication technologies (ICT), as stated by the largest telecom- munications agency in the world, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) [1], a specialized agency of the United Nations. Telecommunications has been around for more than 150 years, starting with telegraphy in the nineteenth century. In fact, the telecommunications world and the ITU have been interrelated since 1865 when the ITU was formed as the International Telegraph Union. Nowadays, telegraphy belongs to history (it has become redundant since the appearance of email and other messag- ing services available worldwide today). But speaking about the history of telecommu- nications, after Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876 the following century was marked by the development and deployment of telephony, with fixed tele- phony unt