d to that of Table 4.7-6. A common result is that the attenuation increases for higher frequencies, with a difference ranging from about 3 dB for concrete to about 15 dB for Pb-shielded walls. Another interesting result is that the wall attenuation is Corridor: 68+16.4log(d) (of =2.53) generally lower for horizontal polarisation. A possible reason for this behaviour could be the vertical structure of the walls: all the slots in the metallic shielding and all Distance (m) the steel beams of the basic wall structure are vertically Figure 4.7-34 Path loss at 60 GHz [Geng05]. aligned. CHAPTER 4.7 Propagation modelling and channel characterisation floors, up to four floors (included) being considered Low, Table 4.7-7 Attenuation in hospital II at 2.45 and 5.25 GHz, vertical else being classified as High. A description of the measured and horizontal polarisation. buildings' characteristics can be found in [XaVC03]. 2.45 GHz 5.25 GHz By processing the collected data, it was noticed that all attenuation histograms had a common shape for each Vert. Vert. building, thus motivating the creation of a new model, the 'Double Sided Gaussian Model'. Histograms had the Concrete (10 cm) shape of a kind of 'unbalanced' Gaussian function, with distinct standard deviations for the mean value of 'right' Operating and 'left' sides. The Double Sided Gaussian Model X-ray wall output parameters are the mean value and the standard deviation for both semi-Gaussians, Table 4.7-8. X-ray door For the same buildings, the comparison between 1.8 MRTo wall GHz measurements and 900 MHz measurements was made, a difference of about 6 dB being found, hence ver- MRTo door 102.9 ifying the attenuation dependence of 20 log(f). Following the same law, it is expected that the presented results can be extrapolated for the UMTS frequency bands. There are mainly two different approaches for indoor In [MaHe03], measurement results taken in office coverage planning: buildings situated in The Hague are presented. Measure- 1. picocells deployment, where the BS is