ith Eutelsat and SES Astra, Intelsat has the benefit of multiple satellite constellation economies of scale and a large corporate subscriber base over which to amortise future S band engineering investments. 16.36 Implications for Terrestrial Broadcasters As can be seen from the above, a number of these hybrid satellite terrestrial networks represent new competition for traditional terrestrial broadcasters. The ability to deliver TV to mobile users either from terrestrial repeaters or a satellite and/or simultaneously from both provides a measure of additional flexibility not available to terrestrial-only broadcasters. The addition of an uplink to support interactivity provides additional differentiation. 14 http://www.generation-nt.com/alliance-alcatel-archos-pour-la-tv-mobile-dvb-h-en-bande-s-actualite-4022 .html. 15 http://www.eutelsat.com/home/index.html. 16 http://www.ses-astra.com/business/ 17 http://www.intelsat.com/. Satellite Networks Conversely, most of the hybrid satellite terrestrial operators require access to terrestrial sites and terrestrial subscribers, many of which are largely under the control or influence of the incumbent traditional broadcast community. This suggests that collaborative rather than competitive ventures would be likely to yield better shareholder returns for all parties. 16.37 Implications for Terrestrial Cellular Service Providers A number of these hybrid satellite terrestrial networks represent new competition for traditional cellular service providers. The ability to deliver full duplex voice, video and broadband data services to mobile users either from terrestrial repeaters or a satellite and/or simultaneously from both provides a measure of additional flexibility not available to terrestrial cellular operators. 16.38 The Impact of Satellite Terrestrial ATC Hybrids on Cellular Spectral and Corporate Value Mobile satellite spectrum was largely allocated in 1997 and was either gifted or acquired on advantageous terms particularly when compared with the sums subsequently spen