y recognized entity chartered to produce an official definition of the next generation of wireless technologies. Its Radio Communications Bureau (ITU-R) is working to establish a globally accepted standard of 4G wireless systems. The ITU-R started the work on defining IMT-Advanced or 4G in 2003. To cut it short, ITU-R issued a circular in March 2008 [1] requesting submission of RITs (radio interface technologiess) or SRITs (set of RITs) on 4G from member states. The cut off date for the submission of proposals was October 7, 2009 as shown in Figure 13.1 [2]. The ITU-R along with other evaluation groups is currently conducting detailed evaluation of RITs and SRITs (Step 4). The following steps include review and coordination of outside evaluation activities (Step 5), review to assess compliance with minimum requirements (Step 6) and final consultation on the evaluation results and the consensus building and rendering a decision (Step 7) during the period from October 2009 through to October 2010. At the end of Step 7 the WP 5D will decide the framework and key characteristics of IMT-Advanced RITs and SRITs. During Step 8 the radio interface Recommendation(s) will be developed. The ITU-R WP 5D (working party) is expected to complete the radio interface specification Recommendation(s) by February 2011 [2]. Primarily 3GPP and IEEE provided its candidate radio technologies which are currently under evalu- ation. Japan submitted two proposals, one based on 3GPP and the other on IEEE. China submitted their 3GPP-based candidate technology while South Korea submitted their candidate technology based on IEEE. A number of evaluation groups have already registered to assess the candidate technologies. The details of the IMT-Advanced submission and evaluation process can be found at [3]. 13.3.1 3GPP and IEEE Technology 4G Candidates Table 13.2 briefly highlights the characteristics of 3GPP LTE-Advanced and IEEE 802.16m technologies which were submitted by the respective organizations as IMT-Advanced candidates to ITU-R. The L