nt MBMS in Rel-7 and enable IMS to use MBMS transport. GERAN Enhancements: Rel-7 adds a new frequency band to GSM (806-821 MHz in uplink and 851-866 MHz in downlink). Support for mobile receive diversity has been added. error-free packet as efficiently as possible. Even if the retransmitted packets are corrupted, their combination can yield an error-free packet. 4 Linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimator describes the approach which minimizes the mean square error (MSE), which is a common measure of estimator quality. In simple terms Ior/Ioc = total transmit power spectral density at base station connector/Power spectral density of a band-limited white noise source at mobile terminal antenna connector Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem Uplink performance is enhanced by means of 16-ary and 32-ary modulation schemes and turbo coding. To overcome the 200 kHz carrier bandwidth limitation of GSM; dual carrier in the downlink is recommended. Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) based protocols M3UA (MTP (Message Transfer Part) Level 3 Adaptation Layer) and SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) have been added to allow faster signaling. 3GPP LTE The evolution of UMTS/HSPA radio networks has been named as 3G-LTE (Long Term Evolution) or E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network). 3G-LTE specifications has been formalized primarily in 3GPP Release-8. Further additions to EPS, primarily to EPC have been targeted in 3GPP Rel-9. In this section first we will list key aspects of Rel-8 and Rel-9 and then provide the targets and requirements set forth by 3GPP for LTE. 3.3.1 Key Aspects of Release 8 The Evolved Packet System (EPS) commonly known as 3G-LTE (Long Term Evolution) and SAE (System Architecture Evolution) was introduced in Rel-8. The details of Rel-8 can be found in [7]. 3G-LTE (E-UTRAN) was introduced in Rel-8 to provide a robust RAN (radio access network) for high fidelity mobile broadband systems. Beside the usual RAN items the concepts of SON (self organizing networks) and H