m specified in the alarm additionalInformation: Information like the time the alarm was acknowledged The depth of defining the standard goes even further to the set of values that can be taken by some of these parameters, like perceivedSeverity, which can have values critical, major, minor, warning, indeterminate, and cleared. Another example of 3GPP specifications on FCAPS for a specific technology is "3GPP TS 32.409 version 7.1.0 Release 7," which gives information on the per- formance parameters for specific network elements in an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). 3GPP is one of the leading organizations on standardization in telecom domain. The use of the term "3GPP" in this section can refer to both "3GPP" and "3GPP2." It can be seen that the OAM&P specifications of 3GPP can be very useful in implementing a network management system because of the depth of defining standards. Though some of the specifications of 3GPP are generic, in most of the scenarios its specifications are for a specific technology unlike standards like TMF that are mostly generic and intended for a set of network technologies. Location services management and charging managing are some other areas in network management for which there are standards defined by 3GPP. Web site: www.3gpp.org and www.3gpp2.org 7.6 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) The ETSI is a standardizing body based in France and officially recognized by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. It is respon- sible for developing standards in information and communication technologies including fixed, mobile, radio, converged, broadcast, and Internet technologies. Though the organization is based in Europe, it has members around the globe and the standards developed by ETSI have worldwide acceptance. Most standards of ETSI in network management will be tagged ETSI/TISPAN. TISPAN (Telecoms & Internet Converged Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks) is a body of ETSI that works mostly on developing standards for fixed networks a