12-4 4.40-4.66 256-4 4.27-4.53 (D) = (1,6), (2,5), (3,4), (4,3), (5,2) or (6,1) 512-4 6.40-6.66 (D) = (3,7), (4,6), (5,5), (6,4) or 256-4 6.27-6.53 (7,3) 512-4 9.07-9.33 (D) = (7,7) 256-4 8.93-9.19 S. single-frame method as illustrated Figure 4.39a; D, double-frame method as illustrated in Figure 4.39a; (x,y) indicates: X, the number of idle slots in the first frame; y, the number of idle slots in the second frame. 4.3.15 Handover Procedures The essential FDD mode handover types include: intra-mode handover (i.e. soft, softer, and hard handover); inter-mode handover (i.e. handover to TDD); intersystem hand- over (e.g. handover to GSM). Intra-mode handover. This handover depends on CPICH8 power level measurements, which include the Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), Received Signal Strength Indi- cator (RSCP), and the Ec/No resulting from the RSCP/RSSI ratio. The other measure- ment involved is the relative timing information between the cells. Cells within a 10 ms window generally get relative timing from the primary scrambling code phase since code period used is 10 ms. If large inaccuracies occur, the terminal decodes the System Frame Number (SFN) from the primary CCPCH. Compressed mode by spreading factor reduction is not supported when SF = 4 is used in normal mode. 7 Hard handover may also take place as intra- or inter-frequency handover. That is the Ec/No measurement performed at the common pilot channel. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology Inter-mode handover. Multimode or dual FDD-TDD mode terminals will afford inter- mode handover. While in the FDD, a MS will measure the power level in synchronized TDD cells with useful reference midambles to execute the handover process. Inter-system handover. Intersystem handover for UTRA takes an important proportion of all the interoperability and system integration tasks. It plays an important role in the evolution process of 2nd and 3rd generation mobile systems. In particular, UTRA needs to inter-operate seamlessly with the family of IMT2000 networks and 