dB + 10 d BB + (290K X 1.38 X 10-23 J/K) + 54 dB = 8 dB + 10 dB - 174 dBm + 54 dB = -102 dBm (2.3) BTS sensitivity can also be calculated using this equation with the noise value specified for the BTS. Radio Network Dimensioning Table 2.3 Approximate values for cable losses Cable type Loss/100 m, 900 MHz Loss/100 m, 1800 MHz 10 dB 1 4 inch 4.5 dB MS and BTS powers are important along with the sensitivities. The MS TX (transmission) power is defined by the MS class in ETSI specifications. For MS class 4 (GSM 900) the maximum TX power is 2 W and for class 1 (GSM 1800) 1 W. BTS TX power depends on the BTS type and vendor. The TX power is adjustable, which enables the link budget to be balanced. Antenna gains can be found for both BTS and MS antennas. The BTS antenna gain is dependent on the antenna type and whether the antenna is omnidirectional or directional. The first mentioned BTS antenna type has a gain of approximately 10 dBi. The gain of a directional BTS antenna is dependent on the horizontal and vertical half power beam widths. It is also dependent on the physical size of the antenna which in turn has an impact on the frequency range. Also frequency range is inversely proportional to the size of the antenna, which is then connected to the radiating aperture of the antenna. The antenna gain is around 16-20 dBi when there is a widely used antenna with 60-65° horizontal half power beam width and 5-10 vertical half power beam width. In the link budget calculations for the MS antenna the gain is generally 0 dBi. The actual MS antenna gain is complicated to estimate, because the gain is highly dependent on the mobile user's relative location towards the base station when the amount of body loss varies. Diversity gain can be used for correcting unbalance between the uplink and downlink. The typical way to arrange diversity is to have it in the BTS reception. One basic method is to separate receiver antennas vertically or horizontally; the method is called space diversity. The diversity decreased fading effect and 