versal Mobile TDD (Time Division Duplex) Telecommunications System) 99-101, 103, 116, 126, 248, 259, 128, 139-141, 176-190, UP (User Plane), 241, 243, 247, 286, 287, TDM (Time Division Multiplexed) 110, 111, 291, 332 162, 236, 239, 249, 349, 366-368 UPF (User-Plane Function) 40-42, 44-49, TE (Traffic Engineering) 363, 365, 369, 370, 52, 53, 59, 62, 63, 69, 70, 72, 73, 81, 82, 373, 377 88, 124, 158, 164, 182, 185, 189, 240, TEID (Tunnel Endpoint Identifier) 62, 185, 241, 243, 286-288, 304, 310-312, 341, 342, 364, 366, 372 Index URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency vRAN (Virtual RAN) 293, Communication) 8, 20, 21, 50, 99, VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) 110, 179, 192, 218, 262, 304, 338, 346, 348, 357, 380, 382, 384, 385, 387 URSP (UE Route Selection Policy) 43, 49 W-AGF (Wireline Access Gateway Function) UTRAN (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access 45, 46 Network) 40, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, 69, WAN (Wide Area Network) 373 76, 79, 130, 131, 142, 168, 175, 184, WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) 185, 232, 255, 275, 300, 339 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) 347, 376 WG7 (Working Group 7) 30 V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) 8, 24, 32, 33, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for 98, 304, 305, 308, 313-315, 321, 324 Microwave Access) 26, 32, 128 vDU (Virtualized gNB-DU) 287, 373 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) VID (VLAN Identifier) 370 44-46, 59, 64, 78, 79, 156 VIM (Virtualized Infrastructure Manager) WRC (World Radiocommunication 283, 307, 316 Conference) 13, 32 Virtualization 3, 5, 61, 78, 141, 181, 183, 191-193, 215, 218-220, 277-293, 298, 304, 306, 307, 339, 372, 373, 381, 387, xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line Technologies) 388, 393, 395 216, 217 VM (Virtual Machine) 183, 184, 281, 282, Xn-AP (Xn Application Protocol) 70, 73-77, 290, 313 95, 96, 144, 169, 174, 338 VNF (Virtual Network Function) 289, 291, Xn-C (Xn Control Plane) 307, 374 178, 180, 342 VNI (Virtual Network Index) Xn-U (Xn User Plane) 74-76, 96, 164, 165, VR (Virtual Reality) 13, 39, 305, 178-180 VR/AR (Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality) 39 ZTP (Zero Touch Pr