using fibre, copper, cable and wireless and would be responsible for developing new broadband and narrowband delivery technologies that could be applied into emerging and survival economies. The logo could stay the same as well. It would have a social remit - 'entertain, inform and educate' would do nicely, a term apparently coined not by the BBCs Lord Reith but by the American broadcasting pioneer David Sarnoff in 1922. The National Connectivity Corporation would provide all other forms of connectivity with a similar remit to develop connectivity technologies, particularly water and electricity, that could be applied cost efficiently and energy efficiently into emerging and survival economies. Both corporations would be publicly owned but profit making with dividends only payable to pensioners. The two organisations would be mandated to develop mutually supporting collaborative delivery models. This of course will not happen but does suggest that there may be merit in considering new more closely integrated ways of delivering water, electricity and telecommunications to remote communities in bottom-end economies. 12.11 The Newly Connected Economy As in the Victorian age, connectivity efficiency is very much determined by how the energy needed is created and how efficiently that energy is used. In the nineteenth century water and sewage systems were powered by coal and steam. In the twentieth century telecommunications were powered and are still predominantly powered today from the electricity grid. In the twentyfirst century, connectivity is much more likely to be powered from locally generated energy including wind and solar-powered base stations, and wind and solar-powered water pump and recycling systems all of which could potentially be community owned and managed. But let's consider the particular contribution that cellular phones can make to connectivity. 12.11.1 Connecting the Unconnected By the time you read this the number of cellular phones in the world will equal the number of people (not counting the