 antennas with 360° a majority (if not) all sites can bear at least three sectors (e.g. 120°), and allow thereby the sectorized antenna to reject inter- ference from users outside its antenna pattern. Such an event will decrease the loading effect and introduce a sectorization gain a, which can be expressed as: (7.6) where AG(0) is the peak antenna gain occurring generally at the bore sight (i.e. 0=0), AG(0) is the horizontal antenna pattern of the sector antenna; I(0) represents the received interference power from users of other cells as a function of 0. In practice a = 2.5 for a three sector configuration and about 5 for a six sector one. Then, incorporating the sec- torization gain in the loading effect, we get: (7.7) Initially for the single cell case, we have assumed continuous transmission. However, this does not occur for voice and some multimedia services; although it does for data. Thus, we will now introduce an activity factor 1/v to reflect this event in the UL loading effect. Then, we get (7.8) where V may range from 40 to 50% for voice and 1% for data. Therefore, the value of V reduces the overall interference of the UL loading effect equation. For the downlink (DL) we need an additional parameter E to reflect the orthogonality of the transmission. Thus empirically, we can express it as: Deploying 3G Networks 7.6.6 Link Budgets A link budget aims to provide the steps to calculate the ratio of the received bit energy to thermal noise (i.e. Eb/No) and the interference density I. It considers transmit power, transmit and receive antenna gains, channel capacity factors, propagation environment, and receiver noise figure. Based on the channel models introduced in Chapter 2 we present the background for link budgets. Following the guidelines from Ref. [3] the formulation assumes that path loss formulas help to determine the maximum range and the coverage area. We also assume that in the case of hexagonal deployment of sectored cells, the area covered by one sector is: s=3v5(A)*12, (7.9) where R is the ran