definition of operations, dominated by 'FAB', is presented in Figure 16.3. The first reference concerns Chapter 3 where the split into a management system and a traffic system was presented. See Figures 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.26 and 3.27 as an introduction to the following section. 16.2 THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The modern management structure is shown in Figure 16.4. 16.2.1 THE TASK OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM There is a close relationship between management and the control performed in the traffic system. Management acts on a general basis (fixing policies or general directives), while control acts case by case and in real time. With increased personalization we will also see more of individual management. A Brief on History Two technically different management approaches have developed during the last decade. They address mainly the basic structure and data interchange within the emerging man- agement network. Users Operations Operations Fulfilment Assurance FAB remains the core of Billing support & the operations area readiness Customer relationship management Service management & operations Operations support & readiness is separated from FAB. It contains for example operation process management, campaigns, Resource management & operations (Applications, computing and network) operations resource management, and supplier/partner contract updates Supplier/Partner relationship management Network Figure 16.3 The TM operations area Understanding Changing Telecommunications - Building a Successful Telecom Business The modern centralized "spider" structure of the management IN implemented in Service layer Server Content Business plan Service network Server SERVICE Infrastructure servers NETWORK DESIGN/CONFIG Policy, DNS, AÃA, CSCF, IN Control MANAGEMENT Server Server Server Server network servers MANAGEMENT NETWORK CONTROL NETWORK IP links H.248 Possibly IPsec CONNECTIVITY Trunk NETWORK Trunk Terminal Trunk Terminal Terminal Terminal Terminal Figure 16.4 The management network applied to the network element based view presente