7. Rappaport, T.S., and Liberti, J. (1999) Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: IS-95 and Third Generation Cdma Applications, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 8. Motorola (2007) Practical Guide to WiMAX Antennas: MIMO and Beamforming Technical Overview. 9. Nokia Siemens Networks (2007) Advanced Antenna Systems for WiMAX. 10. WMF - T32-002-R010v04 (2009) WiMAX Forum Network Architecture Stage 2 Part 1, WiMAX Forum, February. 11. Kim, H., et al. (2008) WiMAX Femtocells: a perspective on network architecture, capacity, and coverage. IEEE Communications Magazine, 46 (10), 58-65. 12. Aircent (2009) WiMAX Femtocells. 13. Sequans Communications (2008) An Analysis of the Benefits of Uplink MIMO in Mobile WiMAX Systems, June. 14. Ghosh, A., et al. (2008) Mobile WiMAX systems: performance and evolution. IEEE Communications Magazine, 46(10), 41-49. 15. WiMAX Forum (2007) WiMAX Forum Mobile System Profile Release 1.0 rev. 1.5.0, November. 16. IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access WG (2007) IEEE 802.16m Evaluation Methodology, December. 17. WiMAX Forum (2008) The WiMAX Forum Certified Program, September. 18. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page. 19. Asif, S. (2009) WiMAX developments in the Middle East and Africa. IEEE Global Communications Letter, February. 20. WiMAX Forum (2008) WiMAX Forum WiMAX Technology Forecast (2007-2012). 21. IEEE 802.16 Task Group m (TGm). http://www.ieee802.org/16/tgm/index.html 3GPP2 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 5.1 Introduction Chapter 5 will briefly look into the evolution of cdma2000 based systems that is, 1xEV-DO (Evolution Data Optimized). The 3GPP2¹ cdma2000 family of standards defines a spread spectrum radio interface that uses the CDMA technology to meet the requirements for 3G wireless communication systems [1]. The world's first cdma2000 1X2 system was launched by SK (Sun Kyung) Telecom in October 2000 in South Korea. These systems nearly doubled the voice capacity as compared to 2G (cdmaOne), increased the data rates to 153 kbps in both directions, and 