(IEC), 7. 271 addresses, 439-443 International Organization for header fields, 438-439 Standardization (ISO), 271 ILEC migration to, 458 International SoftSwitch routing, 443-444 Consortium, 219 subnet masking, 41 International Telecommunications transport of, 119 Union (see ITU) (See also TCP/IP; VoIP Internet, 33, 430-451 IPv6, 444 management of, 432-433 IP voice, 213 naming conventions, 433-434 Iridium, 347 origin of, 430-432 ISDN (integrated services digital and TCP/IP, 435-451 networks), 15, 284-291 and telephone call length, 291 bandwidth for, 291 timeline for, 36-41 BRI, 285-287, 289 voice calls and faxes over, 215 PBX, 288-289 Internet Activities Board (IAB), 432 PRI, 287-291 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority signal echo with, 150 (IANA), 434 signaling system, 144n.2 Internet Control Message Protocol standard for, 13 (ICMP), 448-449 videoconferencing, 289-290 Internet Corporation for Assigned Isenberg, David, 381-382 Names and Numbers (ICANN), ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical 434, 435 devices), 334 Internet Engineering Planning Group ISOC (Internet Society), 432 (IEPG), 433 isochronous timing, 190 Internet Engineering Steering Group ISPs, 213, 431-432, 465-466 (IESG), 433 ITU (International Telecommunications Internet Engineering Task Force Union), 6-7,10-13 (IETF), 432 ITU-T: Internet Layer (TCP/IP), 437-444 DOCSIS 2.0 standard, 310 Internet Protocol (see IP) service classes assigned by, 388-389 Internet Protocol Device Control TMN from, 221 (IPDC), 219 Transport layer recommendations, Internet Research Task Force (IRTF), 433 93-94 Internet Society (ISOC), 432 (See also Telecommunications Internet telephony, 209, 215, 239 Standardization Sector) InterNetworking Working Group IXCs (interexchange carriers), 462, 479 (INWG), 37 InterNIC (Internet Network Information Center), 434 interoffice connections (telephone), 164-167 J.122 standard, 310 interoperability, 60, 61, 177-178 JDS Uniphase, 470 and H.323,217 Jefferson. Thomas, 96-97 multivendor, 218 Jobs, Steve, 165, 253 Interstate Commerce Commiss