hnology primer." -THOM RAMSEY, PARTNER, SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY (BRUSSELS & WASHINGTON, D.C) AND FORMER DEPUTY UNITED STATES COORDINATOR FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION POLICY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE "As a journalist who writes about the Defense Department's most complicated space programs, I need to have a very clear and current handle on the technology and the operational aspects of the equipment and platforms. I am always on the prowl for materials that provide me that kind of back- ground, concisely and accurately. The best single source for such an understanding was Telecommu- nications Essentials. That was, until author Lillian Goleniewski put together Telecommunications Essentials, Second Edition. Since the publication of the first Telecommunications Essentials, technol- ogy has grown enormously and an understanding of those changes is an absolute must for a reporter who writes stories about the U.S. Air Force's latest satellite success or folly. In her second edition, Lillian Goleniewski does just that. And, in the same manner of the first, she explains the technology without talking down to or over the head of less-than-savvy readers. Yet, even those knowledgeable in these technology areas will find plenty of gold to mine in the text. With updates on technology and operations, the book is not only a must-have, but will remain a sought-after ref- erence and companion for those who need to understand the industry for years to come." -MIKE FABEY, AIR AND SPACE WARFARE REPORTER, DEFENSE NEWS This page intentionally left blank Telecommunications Essentials Second Edition This page intentionally left blank Telecommunications Essentials The Complete Global Source Second Edition Lillian Goleniewski Edited by Kitty Wilson Jarrett Addison-Wesley Upper Saddle River, NJ Boston Indianapolis San Francisco New York Toronto Montreal London Munich Paris Madrid Capetown Sydney Tokyo Singapore Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claim