 (LLC) LAN Access Protocols 11.6.1 Introduction 11.6.2 CSMA and CSMA/CD Access Techniques 11.6.3 Token Ring and FDDI LAN Interworking via Spanning Devices 11.7.1 Repeaters 11.7.2 LAN Bridges 11.7.3 Routers 11.7.4 Hubs and Switching Hubs Review Exercises References Chapter 12 Enterprise Networks II: Wide Area Networks Wide Area Network Deployment 12.1.1 Introductory Comments The Concept of Packet Data Communications TCP/IP and Related Protocols 12.3.1 Background and Scope 12.3.2 TCP/IP and Data-Link Layers 12.3.3 IP Routing Algorithm 12.3.4 The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) 12.4.1 Background and Objectives 12.4.2 The Future of ISDN Speeding Up the Network: Frame Relay 12.5.1 Rationale and Background 12.5.2 The Genesis of Frame Relay CONTENTS 12.5.3 Introduction to Frame Relay Operation 12.5.4 Frame Structure 12.5.5 Traffic and Billing on a Frame Relay Network 12.5.6 Congestion Control: A Discussion 12.5.7 Quality of Service Parameters Review Exercises References Chapter 13 Metropolitan Area Networks Definition of a Metropolitan Area Network 13.2 Design Approaches Fiber-Optic Ring Network 13.4 IEEE 802.11 System IEEE 802.15 Standard 13.5.1 Differences Between 802.11 and 802.15 IEEE 802.16 Standard 13.6.1 IEEE 802.16 MAC Requirements Review Exercises References Chapter 14 CCITT Signaling System No. 7 Introduction Overview of SS No. 7 Architecture SS No. 7 Relationship to OSI Signaling System Structure 14.4.1 Signaling Network Management The Signaling Data Link Layer (Layer 1) 14.6 The Signaling Link Layer (Layer 2) 14.6.1 Signal Unit Delimitation and Alignment 14.6.2 Error Detection 14.6.3 Error Correction 14.6.4 Flow Control 14.6.5 Basic Signal Unit Format Signaling Network Functions and Messages (Layer 3) 14.7.1 Introduction 14.7.2 Signaling Message-Handling Functions Signaling Network Structure 14.8.1 Introduction 14.8.2 International and National Signaling Networks 14.9 Signaling Performance-Message Transfer Part 14.9.1 Basic Performance Parameters 14.9.2 Traffic