er frame Effective symbol 252 microseconds 504 microseconds 1.008 duration milliseconds Guard interval 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 Inner code Convolutional 1/2 2/3 3/4 5/6 7/8 Outer code RS (204,188) Information bit rate One segment 280.85 kbps to 1.7873 Mbps Three segment 0.842 to 5.361 Mbps sale of Channel 55 to AT and T in 2011 has not provided much motivation to move forward at all quickly on the mobile TV front. Similarly, it would have been feasible in 2005 (though not necessarily economically attrac- tive) to use EDGE as a broadcast radio bearer. A function known as dual transfer mode would have supported some 'ring-fenced' broadcast bandwidth within the existing slot structure. There are already broadcast packet channels for signalling bandwidth, SO it would not have been a great leap to deploy broadcast packet channels for broadcast content and there were number of receiver optimisation techniques such as joint detection (single antenna interference cancellation) that could be used to improve receiver performance. 15.7 HSPA as a Broadcast Receiver HSPA was a more persuasive candidate. Release 7 included specific work items on receiver optimisation using advanced diversity and equalisation techniques. The pilot symbols on the channel can be used in a similar way to present OFDM-based broadcasting to provide active channel characterisation). The HSPA MAC (2-millisecond-based admission control) is also more IP friendly than the Rel 99 MAC and arguably more power efficient for broadcast reception). The less than enthusiastic market response to mobile TV by this time, however, meant that little was done in practice to commercialise this as a product offer. There were also a number of deployment issues that arise from the inescapable fact that legacy cellular networks were not and are not optimised to support broadcasting applications (other than for signalling functions). Making Telecoms Work Traditionally (in the 1980s and 1990s), cellular networks were radio engineered to provide a balanced link budget. Given that ha