 patterns that are used in OSS development. There are many more design patterns that are used. For example, when the service developer wants to hide the connection details to a server module a remote proxy design pattern can be used and when state transitions are involved a state method or state object pattern can be used. The choice of design pattern is based on the specific problem that is to be addressed. Additional Reading 1. Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John M. Vlisside. Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software. United Kingdom: Addison-Wesley Professional, 1994. 2. Elisabeth Freeman, Eric Freeman, Bert Bates, and Kathy Sierra. Head First Design Patterns. California: O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2004. Chapter 34 Report: NGNM Framework and Adoption Strategy This chapter is a report analyzing Next Generation Network Management Framework and discussing an adoption strategy for using the same. The report takes into consideration the most important concern of the service provider on how they can effectively utilize the functionality rich legacy solution in adopting a framework that is aimed at next generation management standards. 34.1 Report Overview With the evolution in technology, new and improved networks are coming up in the market and the legacy NMS solution is not scalable to manage these next generation networks or its elements without considerable rework. The capital and operational expenditure in managing these NMS solutions keeps on increasing. The problem most service providers face is either a single legacy NMS that is not scalable and takes considerable effort to modify in managing a new network or the use of multiple NMS solutions for different networks. There is a lack of experienced professionals who have knowledge of multiple NMS and it is a considerable overhead on the operators to understand and work with multiple NMS. This leads to an increased need for NMS solutions that can cater to management of diverse networks in a multiservice, multitechnology, and Fundam