rvices are streamed at a lower quality than paid streaming music services. For example, Pandora free services stream music at 64 Kbps, and Spotify's streams at 160 Kbps. Pandora's paid subscription streams at 192 Kbps and Spotify's streams at up to 320 Kbps. Apple Music has no free subscriptions, only paid ones where listeners stream music from Apple's library of 300,000 songs at 256 Kbps using AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) compression. Because many young people have too many songs to store on their smartphones, they store their music in the cloud. In addition to gaining storage capacity, they can stream their songs wherever they are as long as they have access to the Internet. Moreover, if they lose or change devices, they can access their music from other devices. Streaming and downloading music has caused the music industry and artists' royalties to shrink considerably. Customers now buy their music primarily from online sources such as iTunes and listen to songs on their smartphones. This has caused sales of CDs to shrink because people want to buy just a favorite song from particular artists. They often choose not to buy a www.TechnicalPDF.com CD because they may like only one or two of the songs. Illegal free music downloads are still occurring from sites such as LiveWire.com. According to Hannah Karp's March 30, 2017, article "In a First, Streaming Generated the Bulk of Annual Music Sales" in the Wall Street Journal, in 2016 streaming music made up 51 percent of the total music revenue in the United States. This was the first time that streaming sales accounted for the majority of music revenue compared to CDs and music downloads. The combination of free downloads and the drastic decreases in CD sales have resulted in lower royalties to musicians. Popular singers now depend on concert sales for the majority of their income because for the most part, young people simply buy individual songs online. Or they stream music and don't own copies of all the songs to which they listen. Compression: The Engine behind 