ication Radio Access Network Group, BMC Protocol Specification (3G TS 25.324 version 3.1.0, 2000-03). [16] 3GPP, Technical Specification Radio Access Network Group, RRC Protocol Specification (3G TS 25.331 version 3.2.0, 2000-03). [17] 3GPP, Technical Specification Radio Access Network Group, Physical Layer Procedures (TDD) (3G TS 25.224 version 3.4.0, 2000-03). 3G TS 24.007: Mobile Radio Interface Signalling Layer 3; General Aspects. [19] 3G TS 25.324: BMC Protocol Specification. [20] 3G TS 25.303: Interlayer Procedures in Connected Mode. [21] 3G TS 25.304: UE Procedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for Cell Reselection in Con- nected Mode. [22] 3G TS 25.331: RRC Protocol Specification. The UMTS Network and Radio Access Technology APPENDIX A: UMTS FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS Figure 3.16 illustrates the four (application, home, serving, and transport) strata. It also shows the integrated UMTS functional flow, i.e. the interactions between the USIM, MT/ME, access network, serving network and home network domains, including inter- actions between TE, MT, access network, serving network, transit network domains and the remote party. The direct flows between non-contiguous domains (i.e. non-directly interconnected do- mains) are transparently transported across all the domains and interfaces located on the communication path between these end domains. The protocols may or may not be UMTS specific, as long as they can inter-work seamlessly to facilitate roaming. When looking at the lower part of Figure 3.16, the home network domain becomes the transit network domain in the upper part. Thus, the integrated UMTS functional flow illustrated Figure 3.16, includes the representation or notation of the remote party indi- cating the remote-end entity (e.g. user or machine). It shows the end-to-end character of the communication. However, the specification of the remote party is outside the scope of the UMTS specification [1]. Mobile Transit Equipment Network Remote Domain Infrastructure Domain Domain Party Application Stratum Home Str