flection points around 5G technology are illustrated in Figure 1.1. 3G and 4G brought about enhanced capability for data connectivity. Some attractive technology improvements occurred at the same time, including touch screen devices, tablet form factors, and new business models with application stores. These inflection points boosted success of 4G technology globally. IoT capability was added later on top of 4G, whereas IoT optimization has been built into 5G from the beginning, providing better performance and economics. URLLC will cross the chain for robust low latency communication, enabling, for example, wireless robots. Further massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) makes it more economical to connect a very large number of objects wirelessly to the network than with previous generations. 5G system design and deployment need to be different from the earlier mobile net- work generations because of the new requirements. 4G solutions are not good enough to deliver the true 5G promises. This book describes 5G specifications, technologies, network architectures, and 5G deployment and optimization aspects as well as some practical aspects related to the implementation of 5G devices. The overall future net- work vision beyond radio has been described in [1], including multiple technology areas that will enable the new digital era. 1.3 5G Technology Components Unlimited experience 100 Mbps whenever needed > 10 Gbps peak data rates Extreme 10 000 mobile X more traffic broaband 10-100 X more devices <1 ms Ultra-low radio latency Ultra reliable low latency 10 years on battery Ultra-reliability "Instant Figure 1.2 Main 5G targets. 5G Targets 5G targets are illustrated in Figure 1.2. The three main cornerstones are extreme mobile broadband, massive IoT communications, and URLLC. Extreme mobile broadband focuses on data rates beyond 10 Gbps, more consistent data rates with minimum capability of 100 Mbps everywhere, and 10.000x more traffic capacity. Massive IoT aims at optimizing networks and devices for connectivity w