ng on the components are responsi- ble for the individual catalogues and store them centrally, while the product/ service level catalogues are maintained centrally for reference and update of products utilizing available components. 36. Product life cycle management: These applications manage the entire life cycle of the product and its components. This means applications that sup- port designing, building, deployment, and maintenance of the product. The applications have the capability to handle new products and updates to exist- ing products. It can be seen that there will be significant use of project and program management activities and tools used as part of product life cycle management. While project management deals with the activities related to satisfying a set of requirements, the program management will encompass all activi- ties in a product program. A program management can involve management of multiple projects. Requirements are also captured as part of product life cycle management. These requirements map to detailed specifications on the product/service that are catalogued. Some life cycle management solutions also support closure of obsolete products. 37. Product performance management: These applications as used to analyze the product performance in the telecom market. Information about the product is gathered and analyzed using tools to compute the performance. The three main factors that contribute to product performance are campaign, revenue, and cost. The product campaign will identify how the product was com- municated to the customer and directly contribute to the performance in the market place. Product cost performance can be significantly improved by an active supply chain management. This starts with ensuring that the cost benefit is achieved with proper sourcing of components and services used in product and optimization of inventory. The performance tools help to identify potential points where the product development is not meeting the estimated capacity. Fundamentals of EMS, NMS 