 oriented, 84-85 digital voice technologies and, 325 connectionless, 84-85 selecting transmission media for LANs, 178 defined, 84 in wireless communications, 555 Newsgroup servers, 297 Non-line of sight (NLOS), 559 Next-Generation Internet. See NGi (Next- Nonstop Forwarding, 261 Generation Internet) Nonswitched services, PSTN, 109-110 Next-generation network, 383-450 Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), 582 broadband evolution and, lv-lvii, 384-389 Not-so-stubby-area (NSSA), 260 broadband infrastructure in, 409-411 NRO (Number Resource Organization), 250 Index NSIS (Next Steps in Signaling), 300, 301-302 OFTA (Office of the Telecommunications Author- NSPs (network service providers), 285, 289, 293 ity), 35 NSSA (not-so-stubby-area), 260 OFTEL (Office of Telecommunications), 35 NTIA (National Telecommunications and Informa- OLT (optical line terminal), 526 tion Administration), 35 OMA (Open Mobile Alliance), 700-701, 702 NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) Omnidirectional antennas, 556 analog TV using, 397 On-demand computing grids, 1 ATSC DTV standard for, 404-405 Ones density rule, 206 requirements for digitized streams, 391 Online resources signal degradation in, 390 3G Partnership Project, 599 NTT DoCoMo Super 3G, 612-613, 615 CableLabs OpenCable program, 519 Number of bits per pixel, 392 CERN grid computing project, 1 Number Resource Organization (NRO), 250 Electronic Privacy Information Center, 682 ENUM, 342 error detection in radio transmissions, 575 OADMs (optical add/drop multiplexers), 452, ETSI, 599-600 463-464 ETSI BRAN, 629 OC (optical carrier) levels fiber all around the world, 77 OC-12, 473 global DTV deployments, 403 OC-192, 32, 290, 473 government agencies controlling bandwidth, 12 OC-48, 32, 290, 473 GSM Association, 595 OC-768, 32, 290 history of Internet, 247 in SDH/SONET signal hierarchy, 126-127 ICANN domain name registrars, 283 OCAP (OpenCable Applications Platform), 520 integrating WLANs and cellular, 651 Oersted, Hans Christian, 550 Internet governance, 37 OFCOM (Office of Communicati