 to have micro payments included in the telecom bill. 5.12 THE SERVICE PLAN VERSUS THE NEW ARCHITECTURE We have elaborated a promising (end user) service plan and want to build the network accordingly, based on a development plan and technology plan for the network. The end user services reside in peer-to-peer terminals, clients or servers. A terminal can also take client and server roles. A client-server scenario can be described according to Figure 5.20. Between the servers and end users are the various service provider roles. It should be noted that services used to be offered without a service network. The advantages with such a network are explained in the Chapter 9. The services have to rely on the underlying network for the 'find and connect functions', security and end-to-end transfer quality. The implementation could at least partly be illustrated by means of a game called ABC. See Figure 5.21. Obviously the game uses WAP and UMTS or GPRS. The clients need colour displays. 5.12.1 THE OVERALL BUSINESS VIEW OF THE HORIZONTAL NETWORK See Figure 5.22 for a business view of the horizontal network. Every architecture needs a competitive service-oriented edge to become implemented and survive. That makes it possible to explain the new network architecture from a business point of view. The various features indicated in the figure will be explained in the following chapters. The various network parts will be described in more depth in other chapters. 5.13 THE CORE NETWORK AND THE SERVICE PLAN The ideal core should satisfy both tele-centric and data-centric operators. For established voice operators, the most debated area when entering the horizontal way of building net- works is IP versus ATM as a bearer in the packet backbone. See for example Figure 5.23. A third possibility is gaining ground: multi protocol label switching (MPLS). MPLS employs both IP and ATM techniques (or IP and other layer 2 technologies). The bearer issue including the MPLS solution will be handled in more detail in Chapters 8 and 12. ROCE