If a person becomes infected with TB , there is a 90 % chance that it will be a latent TB infection , meaning that they will not become sick or infect other people . However , there is a 10 % chance that the latent TB infection will turn into Active Tuberculosis Disease at some time in the person 's life . About 90 % of those infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have asymptomatic , latent TB infection ( sometimes called LTBI ) , with only a 10 % lifetime chance that a latent infection will progress to TB disease .