The most prominent of these is the `` Super Mushroom '' , which allows Mario to grow to twice his size , becoming the eponymous `` Super Mario '' , and can sustain damage before shrinking back down to `` regular '' Mario . Additionally , collecting a `` Fire Flower '' transforms Mario into `` Fire Mario '' and allows him to throw fireballs at enemies , and a `` Starman '' renders Mario temporarily impervious to harm . Super Mario Bros. introduced the basic three power-ups that have become staples for the series , especially the 2D games â '' - the Super Mushroom , which causes Mario to grow larger ; the Fire Flower , which allows Mario to throw fireballs ; and the Starman , which gives Mario temporary invincibility .