Charles Jules Henri Nicolle ( September 21 , 1866 - February 28 , 1936 ) was an French doctor . He won the 1928 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the disease typhus . Charles Jules Henry Nicolle ( 21 September 1866 Rouen - 28 February 1936 Tunis ) was a French bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his identification of lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus .