Although the benefits of using vaccines in preventing suffering and death from infectious diseases greatly outweigh the risks of rare adverse effects following administration of vaccines , disputes have arisen over the morality , ethics , effectiveness , safety of using vaccines and their effectiveness or that vaccine safety studies are inadequate . Although the benefits of preventing suffering and death from serious infectious diseases greatly outweigh the risks of rare adverse effects following immunization , disputes have arisen over the morality , ethics , effectiveness , and safety of vaccination . Some vaccination critics say that vaccines are ineffective against disease or that vaccine safety studies are inadequate .