Austen Chamberlain died on 17 March 1937 , shortly before his half-brother , Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister . Though he never again served in a government , Sir Austen Chamberlain survived in good health until March 1937 , dying just ten weeks before his half-brother Neville Chamberlain finally became the first ( and only ) member of the distinguished Chamberlain dynasty to become Prime Minister .