Nathionalites or an ethnic groups in Poland are Silesians , Germans ( most in the former Opole Voivodeship ) , Ukrainians , Lithuanians , Russians , Jews and Belarusians . The largest minority nationalities and ethnic groups in Poland are Silesians ( about 200,000 ) , Germans ( 152,897 according to the census , 92 % in Opole Voivodeship and Silesian Voivodeship ) , Belarusians ( c. 49,000 ) , Ukrainians ( c. 30,000 ) , Lithuanians , Russians , Roma , Jews , Lemkos , Slovaks , Czechs , and Lipka Tatars .