Kyoto ( ä é 1\/2 ) is a city in Japan . In Japanese , the city has been called KyÅ ( ä ) , Miyako ( é 1\/2 ) or KyÅ no Miyako ( ä ã é 1\/2 ) . In the 11th century , the city was renamed Kyoto ( `` capital city '' ) , after the Chinese word for capital city , jingdu ( ä é 1\/2 ) .