These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory , and humanist and reformist socialist orientations which could be seen as divisions in the European Communist Parties , as well as the problem of the ` cult of personality ' and of ideology itself . These included both the influence of empiricism on Marxist theory , and humanist and reformist socialist orientations which manifested as divisions in the European communist parties , as well as the problem of the `` cult of personality '' and of ideology itself .