1,1981 TUELAFCETULI all-causes dcath rate and the othcr lauty acids in the dict: This ALL CAUSES DEATH RATE IN THE DIET AND THE SEVEN COUNTRIES STUDY" is thc purpose of the prescnt rcport: 0-59, 1512 dicd Among 12 76} men Mcthods Agcd Summary hcatt [en   years, 413 Trom COrOman Tkc Cotorts wcll 2 cohorts dillcred in aU-causes Thc discase. Inathods ofthe Scvcn Counlric Study have Theorganisation Thosc differenccs were not rclatcd dcath rtc Coronar Only 3 (cw notcs are warrantcd here; 13 barn desctikdin dctail ag6, Iclative weight; activity; smoking diferences madc "p olthc respondcnts conon invitations 16 cohorts wctc Isuad percentagc calorics lrom total protcins fats in the habits; Hged 40-59 living in gecuraphically deliccd arcas. AII dict but wcre rclated t0 differences blood-prcssure,srum of the ag8 thc JcJ Wcre invited for _ cobons Olc AIC4 perccntage clorics from saturatcd (atty Zurphcn, Thc Nctherlands,thc numbcr of mcn ofthe JgE excccded cholcsterol, 0.47 for all: Nmurie Qhouf- acids. Thc correlation srafF and (1cilitics stalustial Jampk thc Opaciy 84 for coronary dcath rare: The all-Tlss dath invited, In Inolbcr arcz, Zrenjanin , Scrbia; Ihc men ninths Qvics T with saturates evcn when Othcr dictary thc largc cooperalive ol Ine invired wcre_ll thc mcn of thc a& corrclateo rlc occupalions by controlled in multiple rcgression Inclusion of Mca aged 40-59 long cmployed Sprcuied variables - Jucrc United Statcs and Ihcir Ihe nomhwertem 0in 0f tc nroads clorics s2turfates Fton mono Ane percentagc tha Romc division o thc Italian State Railways polyunsaturares multiple countetoln(S mulriplc   rcgression gave comprised Dadc up agcd 40-59 0n cDNctIS oth conon 7] forall-cuses derhs but nobetter discrimination for R= Ofall mn invited, 90 -490 tk Feculty cfthc Univcrsity of Belgrlc Won-coronary dcli dcatbs: coronuny eraminanions. (cponieulor (Jc cnin the diet; Both mcan blood-pressure significantly related Thc prESCI[ {CPOrt concctns the 12 763 mcn who complercd thc cholestcrol were corrclated with dict saturates but andecrum explained (cjl ycars, 1512 IcT dcad;, eranunailons Htet corrclation of blood-pressurc with sarurates entr and 117 daths bing alributed naIt d5ca5e blcod-pressure and cholcsterol: coran:ny by inter-correlation betwcen crcluded Troni thc main The dcaths from viulcncc wcic Moence thc dict cuse nor provc tha Atuttc] The (indngs analysis on the ground that in regard dict they Jotcrionshintoihc hypothesis consistcnt with the increased moralty but arc could contributc only rndom "noisc inctcastd by dict saturatcs that risk of carly death populationsin which coronary discase isa major drath CausC SupPOrt for thc suggestion that the advantage for Tk Diet Tbere| saturatcd (ats may be The methods uiscd for Stimation ofthc habitua] dicts havc bccn coronary discase of diet restrictcd 15 Thc dicts ofisct by incrcascd non-coronary mortality: thcAmcrican Were dcrribed in dcrail ' Thc atimated (rorn thcir answ"crs[o 3 2+hour rccall queslionnaite Trom 7 day JTJgE dict of the Italian railroad Ikn #as Gaumalc Iotroduction subsamplc af nicn whohad food-consumption diarics rctumicd thc Scven Countric Study THE [O-ycar expcrience bxrn sklcctcd %5 a strztilicd sample oxcupations corrcspondingt0 16 cohetts ofmen amplificd thc S-ycar finding theavcragcageofthccntirccohort; Thc amountsofthevarious (oad Jgcu thatthe 40-59 at entry differcd strikingly in mortality from coronary Iable food itcos #cte uscd pcial Sllmalc nuiricDls deathin 686 This ranged from composition for ccntral Jtaly- coronary beart discase. cast Finland: 78 among 817 mcn on the island of Crete For the sttistiol were sclccted Ior cohorts Mubsamplcs ether the cohorts was No significant part ofthat variability among Kinz of wcights of all [oods tcn, (Eosc suTvcyS 7dauiccondine eplzined by ?gc, rclative body wcighy body fatness (skinfold mpaaled in dilicrcnt scasons cxCcpt Au[TeI Japan pbysical activity; thickness), smoking habituaL corposilion spccilic for thc Icgiong uus habits, octocd alcultcd Ft important whcn Duplicalc smples offoods Olcn Wicrc homogcnised and lyophiliscd variablcs tnfse Wcre though SOmE including Men values for individuals within cohorts Wcre compared mcthods aliquol auu5c0 UCcLC chromarography at tha Unitcrsity of Minnssoli scrum cholesterol and arterial blood-pressure accounted for The fcsults from Jnd Glollanont wcll for iotai Qlories variance ofcoronary mortality. Theavcragc anen chemuc andicc efthz #ro[hds 6t5 prorcins , total fats an] tluraled [ats but Icr poljunsaturaicd of snum cholesterol of thc cohorts was correlated with Icvel Kended loiset _75 acids the 1vcrgd from chciica fattyacidsin Anys thc avcragc pcrcentage ofcalorics from} saturated clculated from tkc Incse 185, much Wnrni LocanCr it is nOt surprising that thc IO-ycar coronary dcath thbe dict Oxaveragc howcvcr, polyunsamuratcd fatty acids provIded onJj-4 Oof tota"Eciotios soche dirtapangarnounty to Ics_Plands highly correlated withthe avcrage pcrcentage of dict rlc WZs fatty acids; 0.84.Butin cvaluating calories from saturated For thc prescnt analysis wc hava usedthe rccults (rom ol Clofics consider thc thc importance of ftsin thedict it is neccasary chcmical analysis except in thE Cisc ofthc railroad men whcre only Glollaleu Iluc Jc  7lab16 "Panticipanis: ANCEL KEYS,Laboratory cfPhyziolorical Hygicnc Schoolol Rcsults ARATACIS Unvrtenl Minnexcl Ms; Rbli Hcalth Hoseital Mcdical Ccn3te, Athens Grcree; tk Lxxe F. $ P,VAN Table [ shows the average percentagcs ol calorics providcd Fnnzelumo) ALACEEURY ubo nicrny thccomponcnt thc dicts by   proteins, fars, RUChFA, Zurpken Kacthenane 1 to[a Hyziena, School c Fublic Hczltb, Univegity ol Mianztor; Fnniolnta aturatcd and polyunsamurated [Jlly xids; mono-encs can be Zaent* Yurollava; Fublk Hcalth C01t42 , UI Ancbc aloulatcd 25 the differcnce betwccn total fats and the sum of Aekrde Mrdal Mlcdcing Univeruy DIORDIEYIC Departmtn fatty acids. Acclcnt Wariation DOSTAS , sturated and  polyunsaturatcd Dcpinnksng LGcnna School; Iecoilvu; FDANZA, Insrirute 0/ Nutrition ind Nnging only Irom 10-6% of calorics in Protcins Hopital R (ikznt Uatcei5 Varsml KARVONEN; 84044 FicpFi Jule M Fcod Sicnce Umuvern Rna Epbyudsatudtcd and the Amcrican Men; in Dalcohon Crctc rmRon: u5ug NEDELJKOVE e aNGEGSO TEM diciye; (54} Inly; = (ity acids nilroad cohors Sucar credSin Roit, Jiauks high supplied only a small fraction ofthe total calorics. Thc Sada Guli FuDDU Cbnie) Uolvcety Belrrade Hicdical SchooL; Rcxurch Drpinmcn , Funith Hcn Auociation; Zrenjanin and for the PUNSAR of polyunsaturaled fats Romc; tly pcrccntage Phaicloxil Huicrz Hekinti TATLOK. Labontary [actory at Finianu cxplaintd by thc sunflowcr sccd Amcricans Prblic Haalb Unarny 0 Wlnncc Lehcoi
TUELAFCETULI 1,1981 all-causes dcath rate and the othcr lauty acids in the dict: This is thc purpose of the prescnt rcport: THE DIET AND ALL CAUSES DEATH RATE IN THE SEVEN COUNTRIES STUDY" Summary Among 12 76} men Agcd 0-59, 1512 dicd [en   years, 413 Trom COrOman hcatt discase. Thc cohorts dillcred in aU-causes wcll 2 Coronar dcath rtc Thosc differenccs were not rclatcd conon diferences ag6, Iclative weight; activity; smoking habits; percentagc calorics lrom total protcins fats in the dict but wcre rclated t0 differences blood-prcssure,srum cholcsterol, perccntage clorics from saturatcd (atty acids. Thc correlation Nmurie 0.47 for all: Qvics T 84 for coronary dcath rare: The all-Tlss dath corrclateo with saturates evcn when Othcr dictary rlc variables - Jucrc controlled in multiple rcgression Inclusion of percentagc clorics Fton s2turfates mono Ane polyunsaturares mulriplc   rcgression gave multiple R= 7] forall-cuses derhs but nobetter discrimination for coronuny dcatbs: Won-coronary dcli significantly related the diet; Both mcan blood-pressure andecrum cholestcrol were corrclated with dict saturates but corrclation of blood-pressurc with sarurates explained by inter-correlation betwcen blcod-pressure and cholcsterol: The (indngs nor provc tha Atuttc] thc dict cuse increased moralty but arc consistcnt with the hypothesis that risk of carly death inctcastd by dict saturatcs populationsin which coronary discase isa major drath CausC Tbere| SupPOrt for thc suggestion that the advantage for coronary discase of diet restrictcd saturatcd (ats may be ofisct by incrcascd non-coronary mortality: Mcthods Tkc Cotorts Theorganisation Inathods ofthe Scvcn Counlric Study have barn desctikdin dctail Only 3 (cw notcs are warrantcd here; 13 16 cohorts wctc madc "p olthc respondcnts invitations Isuad Hged 40-59 living in gecuraphically deliccd arcas. AII of the ag8 thc JcJ Wcre invited for _ cobons Olc AIC4 Zurphcn, Thc Nctherlands,thc numbcr of mcn ofthe JgE excccded srafF and (1cilitics stalustial Jampk Qhouf- thc Opaciy ninths invited, In Inolbcr arcz, Zrenjanin , Scrbia; Ihc men invired wcre_ll thc mcn of thc a& thc largc cooperalive ol Ine Mca aged 40-59 long cmployed Sprcuied occupalions by nroads Ihe nomhwertem 0in 0f tc United Statcs and Ihcir countetoln(S tha Romc division o thc Italian State Railways Dadc up cDNctIS oth conon comprised agcd 40-59 0n tk Feculty cfthc Univcrsity of Belgrlc Ofall mn invited, 90 -490 (cponieulor (Jc cnin eraminanions. Thc prESCI[ {CPOrt concctns the 12 763 mcn who complercd thc entr eranunailons Htet (cjl ycars, 1512 IcT dcad;, daths bing alributed coran:ny naIt d5ca5e and 117 Moence The dcaths from viulcncc wcic crcluded Troni thc main analysis on the ground that in regard Jotcrionshintoihc dict they could contributc only rndom "noisc Tk Diet The methods uiscd for Stimation ofthc habitua] dicts havc bccn dcrribed in dcrail ' 15 Thc dicts thcAmcrican Were atimated (rorn thcir answ"crs[o 3 2+hour rccall queslionnaite Thc JTJgE dict of the Italian railroad Ikn #as Gaumalc Trom 7 day food-consumption diarics rctumicd subsamplc af nicn whohad bxrn sklcctcd %5 a strztilicd sample oxcupations corrcspondingt0 theavcragcageofthccntirccohort; Thc amountsofthevarious (oad itcos #cte uscd Sllmalc nuiricDls pcial Iable  food composition for ccntral Jtaly- For the ether cohorts sttistiol Mubsamplcs were sclccted Ior 7dauiccondine of wcights of all [oods tcn, (Eosc suTvcyS Kinz mpaaled in dilicrcnt scasons cxCcpt Japan Au[TeI alcultcd Ft uus octocd corposilion spccilic for thc Icgiong Duplicalc smples offoods Olcn Wicrc homogcnised and lyophiliscd aliquol UCcLC auu5c0 mcthods including chromarography at tha Unitcrsity of Minnssoli The fcsults from chemuc andicc Jnd Glollanont anen wcll for iotai Qlories prorcins , total fats an] tluraled [ats but Icr poljunsaturaicd 6t5 acids the 1vcrgd from chciica Anys Kended loiset _75 much 185, Wnrni LocanCr Incse clculated from tkc Oxaveragc howcvcr, polyunsamuratcd fatty acids provIded onJj-4 Oof tota"Eciotios soche dirtapangarnounty to Ics_Plands ol Clofics For thc prescnt analysis wc hava usedthe rccults (rom chcmical analysis except in thE Cisc ofthc railroad men whcre only Glollaleu Iluc Jc  7lab16 Iotroduction THE [O-ycar expcrience thc Scven Countric Study amplificd thc S-ycar finding thatthe  16 cohetts ofmen Jgcu 40-59 at entry differcd strikingly in mortality from coronary beart discase. This ranged from coronary deathin 686 on the island of Crete 78 among 817 mcn cast Finland: No significant part ofthat variability among the cohorts was eplzined by ?gc, rclative body wcighy body fatness (skinfold thickness), smoking habits, habituaL pbysical activity; though SOmE tnfse variablcs Wcre important whcn individuals within cohorts Wcre compared Men values for scrum cholesterol and arterial blood-pressure accounted for #ro[hds efthz variance ofcoronary mortality. Theavcragc Icvel of snum cholesterol of thc cohorts was correlated with thc avcragc pcrcentage ofcalorics from} saturated fattyacidsin thbe dict it is nOt surprising that thc IO-ycar coronary dcath rlc WZs highly correlated withthe avcrage pcrcentage of dict calories from saturated fatty acids; 0.84.Butin cvaluating thc importance of ftsin thedict it is neccasary consider thc "Panticipanis: ANCEL KEYS,Laboratory cfPhyziolorical Hygicnc Schoolol Unvrtenl Minnexcl Ms; ARATACIS Rbli Hcalth Fnnzelumo) Hoseital Mcdical Ccn3te, Athens Grcree; tk Lxxe F. $ P,VAN RUChFA, Zurpken Kacthenane ALACEEURY ubo nicrny Fnniolnta Hyziena, School c Fublic Hczltb, Univegity ol Mianztor; UI Ancbc Fublk Hcalth C01t42 , Zaent* Yurollava; Mlcdcing Univeruy Aekrde Mrdal DIORDIEYIC Departmtn DOSTAS , Dcpinnksng LGcnna Acclcnt School; Iecoilvu; Hopital R (ikznt Uatcei5 FDANZA, Insrirute 0/ Nutrition ind Fcod Sicnce Umuvern Rna Jule M KARVONEN; 84044 FicpFi (54} Inly; = rmRon: u5ug NEDELJKOVE e aNGEGSO TEM diciye; Sucar credSin Roit, Jiauks FuDDU Cbnie) Sada Guli Uolvcety Belrrade Hicdical SchooL; Romc; tly PUNSAR Rcxurch Drpinmcn , Funith Hcn Auociation; Hekinti Finianu TATLOK. Labontary Phaicloxil Huicrz  Lehcoi Prblic Haalb Unarny 0 Wlnncc Rcsults Table [ shows the average percentagcs ol calorics providcd thc dicts by   proteins, to[a fars, thccomponcnt aturatcd and polyunsamurated [Jlly xids; mono-encs can be aloulatcd 25 the differcnce betwccn total fats and the sum of sturated and  polyunsaturatcd fatty acids. Wariation Protcins Varsml Nnging only Irom 10-6% of calorics in Crctc and the Amcrican Men; in Dalcohon Epbyudsatudtcd nilroad cohors (ity acids supplied only a small fraction ofthe total calorics. Thc  high pcrccntage of polyunsaturaled fats Zrenjanin and for the Amcricans cxplaintd by thc sunflowcr sccd [actory at 1