78 3 241 WIGROFHXE & $%/ Dogs Emphysema Produced in by Cigarette Smoking Oscar Auc back, MID,E Cuyler Hammond, ScD, Danid Kivman, Gd Lawrcwcc Gaxfinkel, MA Ten dogs cigarettes daily in two each with specially  designed SmokCg sesslons kept Ostumx QueM day by voluntary through hollow: tube made Teilon. In smoking inhalation thc tubc Tracne Dstomy (LdC. Five dogs died during the course the experiment; and changed Teflon tubc eqjuipped with coupling the remaining five mere killed aiter than 420 days socket tor machinedlesigned Iorc smoking. Hematocrit values increased markedly during liver cigarelte smoke intermitlently. The first one smoking (to Jight the cigarette) were delivered ScycrJ #cCkS declined pufls somewhat bul higher than presmoking Ievels: under forced    draft-_ Thereaiter, the cigarette remainco Was reizht body welght smoked hcart relative deep voluntary ihalation of the dog: Markediy higher in when tensmoking dogs than the ten control In  between each five pulis   (or more often doge flbrosis cmphysema prevent anoxia) the smoking tube was Pulmonany similar nccestry those conditions human boings, wore found in all five clamped ofi, allowing the dog to brcathe fresh air smoking doz dols through its  mouth lunz killed. No such parenchymal nostrils: Wnenever changes showed signs of distrers; longer period of air in- Hound control nEta dogs spiration permitted: dogs Initially, the showed high excitability and Tpie study was initially undertaken simply &5 symptoms child attempting to such as cd preliminary experiment to determine the maxi- smoke his first cigarette (slight to profuse Ga%a cigarettes which dogs mum number of smoke tion_ dilatation pupils, redness   and coughing; without  showing daily cvidence #evere acute somctimcs nausea, tcaring of the eyes Tomnt eflects of nicotine carbon monoxide poisoning: ing; and dizzincss) _ These symptoms subsided sub We werc nul interested in dozgc Icvcls, rclative to day but reappeared irom stantially in subsequent body weight; beyond that taken ucn some time, the dogs being variable in this respect. tme smoke very heavily. When il was found peraons wno cooperative The dogs were and, aiter wcex Or o fairly high cxposurc; the that dog: coula tolerate showcd evidence of liking cigarette smoking pome experiment wa5 continued for more than ycar L0 indicated by tail wagging and jumping into the get some idea of the long-term elfects  When two smoking box voluntarily: Hun; dogs died with such massive infarction that The plan daily cigarette uncrened Con the   tissue could evaluated for structural sumption gradually, cutting back to Jevel OWCI changes, the remaining dogs were killed Cause: appeared that we might have exceeded Ehencver lung parenchyma] changes , hematocrit and death; tolerable limits judged by the reaction of the hemoglobin changes, and heart weights will be dis- dogs (ie, the appearance of acute symptoms more cussed here. microst pic study of the bronchial experienced by beginning tnose severe than nunan dog? - tubes the will be reported later. One female male Cigarette smokers) and nine beagles of pedigreed stock were sclected a9 Method experi- mental anitals. Thcy were divided into two groupz, performed Tracheostomy each d0g, and and B, But) lightest dogz being in group thrce wecks nllowed S The trache Ure Ieldyuty (Table 1) . A and the two heaviest put into group Fiom (hc Scnior Medical Investicutor Laburatory , On Iour succegsive days, each dog was put in the Velerene4d Orunge NJ (Dr. Aucrbach ad Mr. miniration Huqujul in thc smoking apparalus in the morning again and Aurminni ond lhc Sutiaticn Rrsenrch Acctian; Amencai Caocer afternoon,, all procedures being carried out except Bocicly Ncx York (Dr and Mr Gnrinich nmernn lighted Read elort Jolot Inecling Ina #cluns On Ulscns; that the cigarette was On the morning anesihrsiolory Ale Tdiolony AIN prarentivc medicing em tc day; of the next (which will call day 1) each Coilege Chest Physicinps with the An crican Gentnl Sccolifa animal was given one lighted filter-tipped cigarette Auourly 16;6 IL5th annuel conention Anetican Geui Chic 21n65 brand reported Atecn in tar and Dicorine Center St Iunnnt TerueEle Husuital Tfunon AV8 eno content, and the afternoon of that   day Eabt Orange; NJ 07019 (D:. AuerLach) . WaS JAMA 23, 1967 Vol 199, No
78 3 241 WIGROFHXE & $%/ Emphysema Produced in Dogs by Cigarette Smoking Oscar Auc back, MID,E Cuyler Hammond, ScD, Danid Kivman, Gd Lawrcwcc Gaxfinkel, MA Ten dogs SmokCg cigarettes daily in two sesslons each day by voluntary inhalation through Tracne Dstomy (LdC. Five dogs died during the course the experiment; and the remaining five mere killed aiter Iorc than 420 days smoking. Hematocrit values increased markedly during ScycrJ #cCkS smoking declined somewhat bul remainco higher than presmoking Ievels: hcart reizht relative body welght Markediy higher in tensmoking dogs than the ten control doge Pulmonany flbrosis cmphysema similar those conditions human boings, wore found in all five smoking dols killed. No such lunz parenchymal changes nEta Hound control dogs Ostumx kept QueM with specially  designed hollow: tube made Teilon. In smoking thc tubc changed Teflon tubc eqjuipped with socket tor coupling machinedlesigned liver cigarelte smoke intermitlently. The first one pufls (to Jight the cigarette) were delivered under forced    draft-_ Thereaiter, the cigarette Was smoked deep voluntary ihalation of the dog: In  between each five pulis   (or more often when nccestry prevent anoxia) the smoking tube was clamped ofi, allowing the dog to brcathe fresh air through its  mouth nostrils: Wnenever doz showed signs of distrers; longer period of air in- spiration permitted: Initially, the dogs showed high excitability and symptoms such as cd child attempting to smoke his first cigarette (slight to profuse Ga%a tion_ coughing; dilatation pupils, redness   and tcaring of the eyes somctimcs nausea, Tomnt ing; and dizzincss) _ These symptoms subsided sub stantially in subsequent day but reappeared irom tme time, the dogs being variable in this respect. The dogs were cooperative and, aiter wcex Or o pome showcd evidence of liking cigarette smoking indicated by tail wagging and jumping into the smoking box voluntarily: The plan uncrened daily cigarette Con sumption gradually, cutting back to OWCI Jevel Ehencver appeared that we might have exceeded tolerable limits judged by the reaction of the dogs (ie, the appearance of acute symptoms more severe than tnose experienced by beginning nunan Cigarette smokers) One female and nine male beagles of pedigreed stock were sclected a9 experi- mental anitals. Thcy were divided into two groupz, and B, lightest dogz being in group But) A and the two heaviest put into group (Table 1) . S On Iour succegsive days, each dog was put in the smoking apparalus in the morning and again in thc afternoon,, all procedures being carried out except that the cigarette was lighted On the morning of the next day; (which will call day 1) each animal was given one lighted filter-tipped cigarette brand reported in tar and Dicorine content, and the afternoon of that   day WaS Tpie study was initially undertaken simply &5 preliminary experiment to determine the maxi- mum number of cigarettes which dogs smoke daily without  showing cvidence #evere acute eflects of nicotine carbon monoxide poisoning: We werc nul interested in dozgc Icvcls, rclative to body weight; ucn beyond that taken some peraons wno smoke very heavily. When il was found that dog: coula tolerate fairly high cxposurc; the experiment wa5 continued for more than ycar L0 get some idea of the long-term elfects  When two dogs died with such massive Hun; infarction that the   tissue could evaluated for structural changes, the remaining dogs were killed Cause: death; lung parenchyma] changes , hematocrit and hemoglobin changes, and heart weights will be dis- cussed here. microst pic study of the bronchial tubes the dog? - will be reported later. Method Tracheostomy performed each d0g, and thrce wecks Ure nllowed Ieldyuty The trache Fiom (hc Scnior Medical Investicutor Laburatory , Velerene4d miniration Huqujul Orunge NJ (Dr. Aucrbach ad Mr. Aurminni ond lhc Sutiaticn Rrsenrch Acctian; Amencai Caocer Bocicly Ncx York (Dr nmernn and Mr Gnrinich Read elort Jolot Inecling Ina #cluns On Ulscns; Ale anesihrsiolory Tdiolony AIN prarentivc medicing em tc An crican Coilege Chest Physicinps with the Gentnl Sccolifa Auourly 16;6 IL5th annuel conention Anetican Geui Atecn Chic 21n65 Iunnnt TerueEle Husuital Tfunon AV8 eno Center St Eabt Orange; NJ 07019 (D:. AuerLach) . JAMA 23, 1967 Vol 199, No