"28078, Incnkon{ 5x8; ltn-t,"74 Tiuu A.w: Guz Inorder t0 illustrate thc compositionalelfectof carbohydrate additives on lobacco smoke; tha data bacco ol Gager (121 and Gager ( 13ihave been recakculated ustrg Iha assumption that I0 ml ol smoke Using was generated per cigaretle'n these repctts m butt under the radioacuve convorsions reported. [he dala be expressed as the equivalEnt weight 6r volure of each reponed component per liter of Rer of smoke: May scaled_to 100% by weight usng Ihe [gures reported 0n the cigarette ded by Ine smcke Ilne dala were then Jdiochemical weight and added carbohydrates Thus; tobacco smoke compasiioncanbe compared to"gucose (escribed tre acrose smoken composition. Table shows the data ccmpanson [0 the smoke 0l Ihe University of Kentucky reference cigarette IRI. With the assumplons made in these calculaticns wedescnbed dilferences oi less than a factor of two are not considered may be gniticant Itis concluded Ihat the addition the simpla carbchydrates could  influence the smoke corT ponerit composiion with respect Iuran: propionaldetiyde acetdre 2-methyl turan  dimethylfuran acetonitrile  crolonaldehyde; phenols &nd pyrchysis thc respective carbohydrates However, when one carbohydrate addition of 5 %, the process considers etfeci is insignil cant onithe compostion ol smoke wh respect to tne listed compounds Aithough he mpact not descr bed in Ihe C " distribution sludies it may be reasonablY concluded that part of tha activity mpositicn Ihal Iound in Ihe gross particulate Iractons was due t0 Iormalion ol pyrazines: The conversion celulose sugar-aneno acid compinations Pyrazines has been sludied Koenier et (23. 241 in mocel "ed tobacco system ai relaively low temperatures. The addition sugars t0 tobacco relatve Y high amino composition wth respect acids uncoubledly influences the smoke pyrazines In theirstance of major carbohydrate add tions suchas the use of cellulose derivatives as bonding agents some the repoted Icbacco sheet-makng prOCCssCs as base malerials in some of tre recenily publicized syninatc smcking materals the effect on gross smake compostionis more Ites proncurced In add tion tO an increase in some ol the volatile aldenydcs decrease inthe tobacco compcnents such a5 and isoprene occurs (41 - sccikc ncoline Humectants represent another class of additive: typified by glycerina and propylene glycol Laurere et 1261 havo studied tho tansler both Trese gycols (0 mainsteam smoke For _ 70 mmnonfilter cigarette: the amount ol proovlene gycol transierred is 19.2%.and glycenne 8,9%. Nthough extensive decomposition stud es o these compouncs am unaware may be reasonably inferred Ihat some decomposition occrs since Ihe transfer rates are lw when mmnor menthol dotnacontane (19 which contribute comnaned concentrations dccomposition producis to mainstrcam smoke h would gererally be expected that decomposition the glycols wculd be smlar t0 scme ol the simple carbotydrate decomposiion products contributing linle: detectable gross Heration in smoke compostion Using 1% additicn amy; propylene glycoland 2%3 olglycerine: smoke vo umes for ZOmm Fi9 egtes previously estimated and the above transter rates smoke woukd contain approximately prcpylene glycol and mg/lof 8,6 mg/l of glycerine. Another addive which may have some use on tobacco that of the inorganic type: For this presentation will conline this (0 twO materals: nitrale: and phosphate. Both 0l the materials may leaf components but Irom _ of tne literature have received ailertion be considereo a5 natura (evib a5 addiives: Nitrates have been thie= subjecl ol consi erable experimental research (501 and cne of the major compositionis through the productionofnitrogen oxides Ncurathand Ermke (341 eltects cn smoke aid Broaddus et al (6 reported thc rclaton benween oxides nitrogen anantare 0l tobacco. Most relationship: From these publications recenlly: Sloan and Kiefer (401 have conlried such would estimate that an 85 mm nonfitter cigarelle conlainingabout 1% nilrate woud yiek 1.25 mg/l of NO ad 40 ug/l of NO; adaition , the mainstream smoke the direct contributon of ritrate oxides ol nirogen various authcrs have reported etects on smoke constituents Kalliaros et (22)have reported an irverse re alionship between Ihe y ekd ol mainstrcam catachol and the percent nitale cn tobacco Hoffmann and Wynder { 1 71 have repored reduciicns lar;nicoline: phenol and benz (al pyrene when comparing tobacco one ccnta ining 8.3% sodium nitrate: Similar ronms reponed by Burdick ot al (71 Sloan and Sublcit have also suggested tnat methylnitrite renuclons 3iC fored from the reaclon between metnanol_and nitrogen oxides in the mairstream smoko Similarly: aldetiydes isoprene a1d nydrogen sulfde have been reported (0 react with oxides 0i mainsiream smoke (351 as well as mcthyl mercaplan (401 nitrogen Terrel and Schmelliz (421 Bell (3) arid Hollmann (1 Z}have campiled data comparing the smoke ccmpositicn cigarelles Ihose with 8.3% added sccium nitrate {Table 21 For the hignly conlio 01575507 Guly 29) A tl Q,# G.h Htuauc Ik Sa % (u5) aauL 6+ 12) dLutl_ eEAun Stlu4ZA-8zl 9 &D 84k . TshAhnach, 1270] &23.
A.w: Tiuu Guz "28078, Incnkon{ 5x8; ltn-t,"74 bacco Inorder t0 illustrate thc compositionalelfectof carbohydrate additives on lobacco smoke; tha data ol Gager (121 and Gager ( 13ihave been recakculated ustrg Iha assumption that I0 ml ol smoke m butt under was generated per cigaretle'n these repctts Using the radioacuve convorsions reported. [he dala Rer of smoke: May be expressed as the equivalEnt weight 6r volure of each reponed component per liter of ded by Ine smcke Ilne dala were then scaled_to 100% by weight usng Ihe [gures reported 0n the cigarette Jdiochemical weight and added carbohydrates Thus; tobacco smoke compasiioncanbe compared to"gucose (escribed tre acrose smoken composition. Table shows the data ccmpanson [0 the smoke 0l Ihe wedescnbed University of Kentucky reference cigarette IRI. With the assumplons made in these calculaticns may be dilferences oi less than a factor of two are not considered gniticant Itis concluded Ihat the addition corT ponerit the simpla carbchydrates could  influence the smoke composiion with respect Iuran: pyrchysis propionaldetiyde acetdre 2-methyl turan  dimethylfuran acetonitrile  crolonaldehyde; phenols &nd process thc respective carbohydrates However, when one considers carbohydrate addition of 5 %, the he mpact etfeci is insignil cant onithe compostion ol smoke wh respect to tne listed compounds Aithough mpositicn not descr bed in Ihe C " distribution sludies it may be reasonablY concluded that part of tha activity Ihal Iound in Ihe gross particulate Iractons was due t0 Iormalion ol pyrazines: The conversion celulose sugar-aneno acid compinations Pyrazines has been sludied Koenier et (23. 241 in mocel "ed tobacco system ai relaively low temperatures. The addition sugars t0 tobacco relatve Y high amino acids uncoubledly influences the smoke composition wth respect pyrazines In theirstance of major carbohydrate add tions suchas the use of cellulose derivatives as bonding agents some the repoted Icbacco sheet-makng prOCCssCs as base malerials in some of Ites tre recenily publicized syninatc smcking materals the effect on gross smake compostionis more proncurced In add tion tO an increase in some ol the volatile aldenydcs decrease inthe tobacco sccikc compcnents such a5 ncoline and isoprene occurs (41 - Humectants represent another class of additive: typified by glycerina and propylene glycol Laurere et 1261 havo studied tho tansler both Trese gycols (0 mainsteam smoke For _ 70 mmnonfilter cigarette: the amount ol proovlene gycol transierred is 19.2%.and glycenne 8,9%. Nthough am unaware extensive decomposition stud es o these compouncs may be reasonably inferred Ihat some decomposition occrs since Ihe transfer rates are lw when comnaned menthol dotnacontane (19 which contribute mmnor concentrations dccomposition producis to mainstrcam smoke h would gererally be expected that decomposition the glycols wculd be smlar t0 scme ol the simple carbotydrate decomposiion products contributing linle: amy; detectable gross Heration in smoke compostion Using 1% additicn propylene glycoland 2%3 olglycerine: smoke vo umes for ZOmm Fi9 egtes previously estimated and the above transter rates smoke woukd contain approximately  mg/lof prcpylene glycol and 8,6 mg/l of glycerine. Another addive which may have some use on tobacco that of the inorganic type: For this presentation will conline this (0 twO materals: nitrale: and phosphate. Both 0l the materials may be considereo a5 natura leaf components but Irom _ (evib  of tne literature have received ailertion a5 addiives: Nitrates have been thie= subjecl ol consi erable experimental research (501 and cne of the major eltects cn smoke compositionis through the productionofnitrogen oxides Ncurathand Ermke (341 aid Broaddus et al (6 reported thc rclaton benween oxides nitrogen anantare 0l tobacco. Most recenlly: Sloan and Kiefer (401 have conlried such relationship: From these publications would estimate that an 85 mm nonfitter cigarelle conlainingabout 1% nilrate woud yiek 1.25 mg/l of NO ad 40 ug/l of NO; the mainstream smoke adaition , the direct contributon of ritrate oxides ol nirogen various authcrs have reported etects on smoke constituents Kalliaros et (22)have reported an irverse re alionship between Ihe y ekd ol mainstrcam catachol and the percent nitale cn tobacco Hoffmann and Wynder { 1 71 have repored reduciicns lar;nicoline: phenol and benz (al pyrene when comparing ronms tobacco one ccnta ining 8.3% sodium nitrate: Similar renuclons 3iC reponed by Burdick ot al (71 Sloan and Sublcit have also suggested tnat methylnitrite fored from the reaclon between metnanol_and nitrogen oxides in the mairstream smoko Similarly: aldetiydes isoprene a1d nydrogen sulfde have been reported (0 react with oxides 0i nitrogen mainsiream smoke (351 as well as mcthyl mercaplan (401 Terrel and Schmelliz (421 Bell (3) arid Hollmann (1 Z}have campiled data comparing the smoke ccmpositicn  conlio cigarelles Ihose with 8.3% added sccium nitrate {Table 21 For the hignly 01575507 29) A tl aauL Q,# Guly G.h Htuauc Ik Sa % (u5) 12) 6+ dLutl_ eEAun &D Stlu4ZA-8zl 9 84k . TshAhnach, 1270] &23.