Bài 19. THỰC HÀNH: SƠ CỨU CẦM MÁU
<h3 style="text-align: justify;" id="i-muc-tiecircu">I - Mục tiêu</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Phân biệt vết thương làm tổn thương tĩnh mạch hay động mạch hay chỉ là mao mạch?</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Rèn kĩ năng băng bó hoặc làm garô và biết những quy định khi đặt garô.</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;" id="ii-phuong-tien-day-hoc">II - Phương tiện dạy học</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Băng: 1 cuộn</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Gạc: 2 miếng</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Bông: 1 cuộn nhở</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Dây cao su hoặc dây vải</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Một miếng vải mềm (10 x 30 cm)</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;" id="iii-noi-dung-vagrave-caacutech-tien-hagravenh">III - Nội dung và cách tiến hành</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;">Tập sơ cứu cầm máu trong các trường hợp giả định sau:</p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;">1. Chảy máu mao mạch và tĩnh mạch</h4> <p style="text-align: justify;">Tập băng vết thương ở lòng bàn tay.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Các bước tiến hành:</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;+ Dùng ngón tay cái bịt chặt miệng vết thương trong vài phút (cho tới khi thấy máu không chảy ra nữa).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;+ Sát trùng vết thương bằng cồn iôt.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;+ Khi vết thương nhỏ, có thể dùng băng dán (có bán phổ biến ở các cửa hàng thuốc).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;+ Khi vết thương lớn, cho ít bông vào giữa 2 miếng gạc rồi đặt nó vào miệng vết thương và dùng băng buộc chặt lại.</p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;"><div id="aswift_4_host" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;"><iframe id="aswift_4" name="aswift_4" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;adk=2020488560&amp;adf=2496579566&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.35~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690917448&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-19-thuc-hanh-so-cuu-cam-mau-2512G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690917448341&amp;bpp=3&amp;bdt=1346&amp;idt=-M&amp;shv=r20230727&amp;mjsv=m202307270401&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280&amp;nras=3&amp;correlator=4586675398646&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=749620955.1690917448&amp;ga_sid=1690917448&amp;ga_hid=1826592532&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=1648&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759876%2C44759927%2C44759842%2C31076446%2C31076578%2C44788441%2C44792013&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=3415351114445574&amp;tmod=133538902&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=5&amp;uci=a!5&amp;btvi=2&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=aIIzWDVQX1&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=17" data-google-container-id="a!5" data-google-query-id="CLzM9q6WvIADFXPLFgUddqQDug" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Lưu ý: sau khi băng, nếu vết thương vần cháy máu, cân đưa ngay đến bệnh viện cấp cứu.</p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;">2. 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Vì sao chỉ những vết thương chảy máu động mạch ở tay hoặc chân mới dùng được biện pháp buộc dây garô?</p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;"><div id="aswift_7_host" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement"><iframe id="aswift_7" name="aswift_7" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=250&amp;adk=2621172509&amp;adf=4211759854&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.73~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690917448&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x250&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-19-thuc-hanh-so-cuu-cam-mau-2512G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690917448348&amp;bpp=1&amp;bdt=1353&amp;idt=1&amp;shv=r20230727&amp;mjsv=m202307270401&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280%2C741x280%2C741x280%2C741x280&amp;nras=6&amp;correlator=4586675398646&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=749620955.1690917448&amp;ga_sid=1690917448&amp;ga_hid=1826592532&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=3804&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759876%2C44759927%2C44759842%2C31076446%2C31076578%2C44788441%2C44792013&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=3415351114445574&amp;tmod=133538902&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=8&amp;uci=a!8&amp;btvi=5&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=ava99EytCr&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=178" data-google-container-id="a!8" data-google-query-id="CJH9gK-WvIADFXvWFgUd3ioJLg" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Những vết thương chảy máu động mạch không phải ở tay (chân) cần được xử lí thế nào?</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em>* Kĩ năng:</em> Điền vào các ô trống trong bảng 19 bằng những nội dung thích hợp.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Bảng 19. Các kĩ năng sơ cứu vết thương chảy máu</strong></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 99.9147%; height: 67.1592px;" border="1"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 22.3864px;"> <td style="width: 62.2097%; text-align: center; height: 22.3864px;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;">Các kĩ năng được học</span></strong></td> <td style="width: 20.1485%; text-align: center; height: 22.3864px;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;">Các thao tác</span></strong></td> <td style="width: 17.5487%; text-align: center; height: 22.3864px;"><strong><span style="text-align: justify;">Ghi chú</span></strong></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22.3864px;"> <td style="width: 62.2097%; height: 22.3864px;"><span style="text-align: justify;">1. Sơ cứu vết thương chảy máu mao mạch và tinh mạch</span></td> <td style="width: 20.1485%; height: 22.3864px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="width: 17.5487%; height: 22.3864px;">&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr style="height: 22.3864px;"> <td style="width: 62.2097%; height: 22.3864px;"><span style="text-align: justify;">2. Sơ cứu vết thương chảy máu động mạch</span></td> <td style="width: 20.1485%; height: 22.3864px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="width: 17.5487%; height: 22.3864px;">&nbsp;</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>