Bài 25: Quang Trung đại phá quân Thanh (Năm 1789)
<p style="text-align: justify;">Cuối năm 1788, mượn cớ giúp nhà Lê, quân Thanh sang chiếm nước ta. Nguyễn Huệ liền lên ngôi Hoàng đế, hiệu là Quang Trung, kéo quân ra Bắc đánh quân Thanh</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="/uploads/tinymce/bai-25-hinh-1-1663348524.png.webp" width="500" height="733" alt="hinh-anh-bai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668-0" title="hinh-anh-bai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668-0" loading="lazy"></p><div> <div class="ads-horizontal-wrapped" style="height: auto !important; min-height: 0px !important;">
<span class="ads-title">Advertisement</span>
<script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951" crossorigin="anonymous" type="text/javascript" data-checked-head="true"></script>

<ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block; height: 0px;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-ad-slot="2203391893" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" data-ad-status="unfilled"><div id="aswift_1_host" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement"><iframe id="aswift_1" name="aswift_1" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;slotname=2203391893&amp;adk=3553368404&amp;adf=2501886532&amp;pi=t.ma~as.2203391893&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690920751&amp;rafmt=1&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;fwrattr=true&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690920750907&amp;bpp=2&amp;bdt=451&amp;idt=217&amp;shv=r20230731&amp;mjsv=m202307240101&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690920562%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690920562%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0&amp;nras=1&amp;correlator=185855006646&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=1712642233.1690920751&amp;ga_sid=1690920751&amp;ga_hid=979348384&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=1593&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759927%2C44759842%2C44759876%2C31076445%2C44788442%2C44795910%2C44798157%2C44797786&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=2033481494526941&amp;tmod=1582210283&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1920&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7CoeEbr%7C&amp;abl=CS&amp;pfx=0&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=2&amp;uci=a!2&amp;btvi=1&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=MjlmtSISeI&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=227" data-google-container-id="a!2" data-google-query-id="CKiq6NWivIADFbyT6QUde1EEHw" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins>
<script type="text/javascript">
            (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
        </script>
</div>
</div><strong>Hình 1.&nbsp;</strong>Lược đồ Quang Trung đại phá quân Thanh<p></p> <p>Ngày 20 tháng chạp năm Mậu Thân (tháng 1 năm 1789), Quang Trung chỉ huy quân ra đến Tam Điệp (Ninh Bình). Quân sĩ được lệnh ăn Tết trước, rồi chia thành 5 đạo quân tiến ra Thăng Long.</p> <p>Chủ tướng nhà Thanh là Tôn Sĩ Nghị biết được tin đó nhưng có ý khinh thường.</p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;"><div id="aswift_4_host" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;"><iframe id="aswift_4" name="aswift_4" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;adk=2020488560&amp;adf=4280474192&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.11~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690920753&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690920753005&amp;bpp=2&amp;bdt=2549&amp;idt=-M&amp;shv=r20230731&amp;mjsv=m202307240101&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690920562%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690920562%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280&amp;nras=3&amp;correlator=185855006646&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=1712642233.1690920751&amp;ga_sid=1690920751&amp;ga_hid=979348384&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=1752&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759927%2C44759842%2C44759876%2C31076445%2C44788442%2C44795910%2C44798157%2C44797786&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=2033481494526941&amp;tmod=1582210283&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=5&amp;uci=a!5&amp;btvi=2&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=aPVBYJvcTS&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=14" data-google-container-id="a!5" data-google-query-id="CLL92taivIADFY_KfAodcWMJUw" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p>Đêm mồng 3 Tết năm Kỉ Dậu (1789), quân ta kéo tới sát đồn Hà Hồi (cách Thăng Long 20km về phía Nam) mà giặc vẫn không hề biết. Vào lúc nửa đêm, quân ta vây kín đồn Hà Hồi, Quang Trung bắc loa gọi. Tướng sĩ dạ rầm trời. Quân Thanh trong đồn hoảng sợ xin hàng.</p> <p>Mờ sáng mồng 5 Tết, quân ta tấn công đồn Ngọc Hồi. Quân Thanh bắn đại bác ra dữ dội, khói lửa mù mịt. Quân ta ghép các mảnh ván thành tấm lá chắn, lấy rơm dấp nước quấn ngoài, rồi cứ 20 người một tấm tiến lên. Vua Quang Trung cưỡi voi chỉ huy. Tới sát cửa đồn, quân ta bỏ lá chắn xông vào như vũ bão. Cuộc chiến diễn ra rất ác liệt. Quân giặc chết nhiều vô kể. Đồn Ngọc Hồi bị mất, tàn quân Thanh bỏ chạy về phía Thăng Long, bị quân ta phục kích tiêu diệt.</p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;"><div id="aswift_5_host" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;"><iframe id="aswift_5" name="aswift_5" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;adk=2020488560&amp;adf=39315810&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.15~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690920753&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690920753005&amp;bpp=2&amp;bdt=2549&amp;idt=2&amp;shv=r20230731&amp;mjsv=m202307240101&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690920562%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690920562%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280%2C741x280&amp;nras=4&amp;correlator=185855006646&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=1712642233.1690920751&amp;ga_sid=1690920751&amp;ga_hid=979348384&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=2276&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759927%2C44759842%2C44759876%2C31076445%2C44788442%2C44795910%2C44798157%2C44797786&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=2033481494526941&amp;tmod=1582210283&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=6&amp;uci=a!6&amp;btvi=3&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=ZQdeAAreQH&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=20" data-google-container-id="a!6" data-google-query-id="COHV29aivIADFY_KfAodcWMJUw" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p>Cũng vào mờ sáng mồng 5 Tết, quân ta đánh mạnh vào đồn Đống Đa (Hà Nội). Tướng giặc là Sầm Nghi Đống phải thắt cổ tự tử. Xác giặc chất thành gò đống. Tôn Sĩ Nghị nhận được tin báo, hoảng sợ cùng dấm tàn quân vượt qua sông Hồng chạy về phương Bắc.</p> <p>Quân ta toàn thắng.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="/uploads/tinymce/bai-25-hinh-2-1663349040.png.webp" width="440" height="583" alt="hinh-anh-bai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668-1" title="hinh-anh-bai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668-1" loading="lazy"><strong>Hình 2.&nbsp;</strong>Gò Đống Đa (Hà Nội)</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="/uploads/tinymce/bai-25-hinh-3-1663349095.png.webp" width="440" height="549" alt="hinh-anh-bai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668-2" title="hinh-anh-bai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668-2" loading="lazy"><strong>Hình 3.&nbsp;</strong>Tượng Quang Trung (Hà Nội)</p> <p>Hằng năm cứ đến mồng 5 Tết, ở Gò Đống Đa (Hà Nội), nhân dân ta lại tổ chức giỗ trận để tưởng nhớ ngày Quang Trung đại thắng quân Thanh.</p> <p><strong>Quân Thanh xâm lược nước ta. Chúng chiếm Thăng Long.</strong></p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;"><div id="aswift_6_host" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement"><iframe id="aswift_6" name="aswift_6" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;adk=2020488560&amp;adf=317011298&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.27~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690920753&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-25-quang-trung-dai-pha-quan-thanh-nam-1789-668G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690920753013&amp;bpp=1&amp;bdt=2557&amp;idt=0&amp;shv=r20230731&amp;mjsv=m202307240101&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690920562%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690920562%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280%2C741x280%2C741x280&amp;nras=5&amp;correlator=185855006646&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=1712642233.1690920751&amp;ga_sid=1690920751&amp;ga_hid=979348384&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=3761&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759927%2C44759842%2C44759876%2C31076445%2C44788442%2C44795910%2C44798157%2C44797786&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=2033481494526941&amp;tmod=1582210283&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=7&amp;uci=a!7&amp;btvi=4&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=Hq7qaTvnSJ&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=550" data-google-container-id="a!7" data-google-query-id="CJK2-9aivIADFYWO6QUd2I0DYg" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p><strong>Nguyễn Huệ lên ngôi Hoàng đế, kéo quân ra Bắc đánh đuổi quân Thanh. Ở Hà Hồi, Ngọc Hồi, Đống Đa, ta thắng lớn. Quân Thanh ở Thăng Long hoảng loạn, bỏ chạy về nước.</strong></p> <h3 id="cacircu-hoi">Câu hỏi</h3> <h4>1. Dựa vào lược đồ hình 1, em hãy kể lại trận Ngọc Hồi, Đống Đa.</h4> <h4>2. Em biết thêm gì về công lao của Nguyễn Huệ - Quang Trung trong việc đại phá quân Thanh ?</h4>