Bài 12. THỰC HÀNH: TẬP SƠ CỨU VÀ BĂNG BÓ CHO NGƯỜI GÃY XƯƠNG
<h3 style="text-align: justify;" id="i-muc-tiecircu">I - Mục tiêu</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Học sinh biết cách sơ cứu khi gặp người bị gãy xương.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Biết băng cố định xương bị gãy, cụ thể là xương cẳng tay.</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;" id="ii-phuong-tien-day-hoc">II - Phương tiện dạy học</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;">Mỗi nhóm học sinh (4 đến 5 em) có:</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Hai thanh nẹp dài 30cm - 40cm, rộng 4 - 5cm. Nẹp bằng gỗ bào nhẵn, dày chừng 0,6 - 1cm, hoặc bằng tre vót nhẵn có kích thước tương đương.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Bốn cuộn băng y tế, mỗi cuộn dài 2m, nếu không thì thay bằng cuộn vải sạch (xé vải thành các dải rộng 4 - 5cm, khâu lại thành bằng dài 2m).</p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;" data-ad-status="unfilled"><div id="aswift_4_host" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;"><iframe id="aswift_4" name="aswift_4" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;adk=2020488560&amp;adf=2496579566&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.13~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690917468&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690917468874&amp;bpp=3&amp;bdt=1059&amp;idt=-M&amp;shv=r20230727&amp;mjsv=m202307270401&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280&amp;nras=3&amp;correlator=7730864598980&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=1603317864.1690917468&amp;ga_sid=1690917468&amp;ga_hid=174463305&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=1211&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759876%2C44759927%2C44759842%2C31076447%2C31076481%2C31076578%2C44788441&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=1446725248706378&amp;tmod=133538902&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=5&amp;uci=a!5&amp;btvi=2&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=KDfUeCm8Sy&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=15" data-google-container-id="a!5" data-google-query-id="COPm27iWvIADFQ8IKgodMMQHsQ" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Bốn miếng vải sạch, kích thước 20 x 40 cm, hoặc thay bằng gạc y tế.</p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;" id="iii-noi-dung-vagrave-caacutech-tien-hagravenh">III - Nội dung và cách tiến hành</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em>- Hãy nêu những nguyên nhân dẫn tới gãy xương.</em></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em>- Vì sao nói khả năng gãy xương có liên quan đến lứa tuổi?</em></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em>- Để bảo vệ xương, khi tham gia giao thông em cần lưu ý những điểm gì?</em></p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;"><div id="aswift_5_host" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;"><iframe id="aswift_5" name="aswift_5" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;adk=2020488560&amp;adf=4280474192&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.23~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690917468&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690917468874&amp;bpp=9&amp;bdt=1060&amp;idt=-M&amp;shv=r20230727&amp;mjsv=m202307270401&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280%2C741x280&amp;nras=4&amp;correlator=7730864598980&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=1603317864.1690917468&amp;ga_sid=1690917468&amp;ga_hid=174463305&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=1720&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759876%2C44759927%2C44759842%2C31076447%2C31076481%2C31076578%2C44788441&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=1446725248706378&amp;tmod=133538902&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=6&amp;uci=a!6&amp;btvi=3&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=F90SO74bax&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=30" data-google-container-id="a!6" data-google-query-id="CNvP3LiWvIADFQUUewcdD1kLbA" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em>- Gặp người bị tai nạn gãy xương, chúng ta có nên nắn lại chỗ xương gãy không? Vì sao?</em></p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;"><div id="aswift_6_host" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;"><iframe id="aswift_6" name="aswift_6" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;adk=2020488560&amp;adf=39315810&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.25~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690917468&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690917468874&amp;bpp=2&amp;bdt=1059&amp;idt=2&amp;shv=r20230727&amp;mjsv=m202307270401&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280%2C741x280%2C741x280&amp;nras=5&amp;correlator=7730864598980&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=1603317864.1690917468&amp;ga_sid=1690917468&amp;ga_hid=174463305&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=2046&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759876%2C44759927%2C44759842%2C31076447%2C31076481%2C31076578%2C44788441&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=1446725248706378&amp;tmod=133538902&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=7&amp;uci=a!7&amp;btvi=4&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=jBGLfVzwi3&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=45" data-google-container-id="a!7" data-google-query-id="CMD73biWvIADFYYIKgodpG0Isw" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Gặp người bị tai nạn gãy xương, cần thực hiện ngay các thao tác sau:</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">+ Đặt nạn nhân nằm yên.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">+ Dùng gạc hay khăn sạch nhẹ nhàng lau sạch vết thương.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">+ Tiến hành sơ cứu.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img style="text-align: center;" src="/uploads/tinymce/b12-1671141639.PNG.webp" alt="hinh-anh-bai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503-0" title="hinh-anh-bai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503-0" loading="lazy"></p><div> <div class="ads-horizontal-wrapped" style="height: auto !important; min-height: 0px !important;">
<span class="ads-title">Advertisement</span>
<script async="" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951" crossorigin="anonymous" type="text/javascript" data-checked-head="true"></script>

<ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display: block; height: 0px;" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-ad-slot="2203391893" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" data-ad-status="unfilled"><div id="aswift_1_host" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement"><iframe id="aswift_1" name="aswift_1" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;slotname=2203391893&amp;adk=3553368404&amp;adf=2501886532&amp;pi=t.ma~as.2203391893&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690917468&amp;rafmt=1&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;fwrattr=true&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690917468160&amp;bpp=1&amp;bdt=345&amp;idt=201&amp;shv=r20230727&amp;mjsv=m202307270401&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690917234%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0&amp;nras=1&amp;correlator=7730864598980&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=1603317864.1690917468&amp;ga_sid=1690917468&amp;ga_hid=174463305&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=2019&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759876%2C44759927%2C44759842%2C31076447%2C31076481%2C31076578%2C44788441&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=1446725248706378&amp;tmod=133538902&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1920&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7CoeEbr%7C&amp;abl=CS&amp;pfx=0&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=2&amp;uci=a!2&amp;btvi=1&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=ybjAuYocFZ&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=207" data-google-container-id="a!2" data-google-query-id="CJDnvLiWvIADFZzXTAId8NYFmw" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins>
<script type="text/javascript">
            (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
        </script>
</div>
</div><p></p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;">1. Phương pháp sơ cứu</h4> <p style="text-align: justify;">Đặt hai nẹp gỗ hay tre vào hai bên chỗ xương gãy, đồng thời lót trong nẹp bằng gạc hay vải sạch gấp dày ở các chỗ đầu xương. Buộc định vị ở 2 chỗ đầu nẹp và 2 bên chỗ xương gãy.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Trường hợp chỗ gãy là xương cẳng tay thì chỉ dùng một nẹp đỡ lấy cẳng tay (hình 12-1).</p> <h4 style="text-align: justify;">2. Băng bó cố định</h4> <p style="text-align: justify;">Sau khi đã buộc định vị, dùng băng y tế hoặc băng vải băng cho người bị thương. Băng cần quấn chặt. Với xương cẳng tay băng từ trong ra cổ tay (hình 12-2), sau đó làm dây đeo cẳng tay vào cổ như hình 12-3.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/tinymce/b12b-1671141699.PNG.webp" width="835" height="464" alt="hinh-anh-bai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503-1" title="hinh-anh-bai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503-1" loading="lazy"></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Với xương chân thì băng từ cổ chân vào. Chú ý nếu chỗ gãy là xương đùi thì phải dùng nẹp dài bằng chiều dài từ sườn đến gót chân và buộc cố định ở phần thân để đảm bảo cho chân bị gãy cố định không cử động (hình 12-4).</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Mỗi em tập băng bó cho một bạn giả định gãy xương cẳng tay (sơ cứu rói băng bó).</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/tinymce/b12c-1671141713.PNG.webp" width="526" height="286" alt="hinh-anh-bai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503-2" title="hinh-anh-bai-12-thuc-hanh-tap-so-cuu-va-bang-bo-cho-nguoi-gay-xuong-2503-2" loading="lazy"></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;" id="iv-thu-hoach">IV - Thu hoạch</h3> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Viết báo cáo tường trình cách sơ cứu và băng bó khi gặp người bị gãy xương cẳng tay.</p>