Bài 28. Xi măng
<h3 id="liecircn-he-thuc-te-vagrave-tra-loi">Liên hệ thực tế và trả lời</h3> <p><em>- Xi măng thường được dùng để làm gì?</em></p> <p><em>- Kể tên một số nhà máy xi măng ở nước ta mà bạn biết.</em></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/tinymce/281-1665248912.png.webp" alt="hinh-anh-bai-28-xi-mang-1430-0" title="hinh-anh-bai-28-xi-mang-1430-0" loading="lazy"></p><div> <div class="ads-horizontal-wrapped" style="height: auto !important; min-height: 0px !important;">
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</div><p></p> <h3 style="text-align: justify;" id="thuc-hagravenh">Thực hành</h3> <h4 style="text-align: justify;">Đọc các thông tin dưới đây và trả lời các câu hỏi:</h4> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em>- Xi măng có tính chất gì? Tại sao phải bảo quản các bao xi măng cẩn thận, để nơi khô, thoáng khí?</em></p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em>- Nêu tính chất của vữa xi măng. Tại sao vữa xi măng trộn xong phải dùng ngay, không được để lâu?</em></p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;"><div id="aswift_4_host" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;"><iframe id="aswift_4" name="aswift_4" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=280&amp;adk=2020488560&amp;adf=4280474192&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.17~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690918962&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x280&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-28-xi-mang-1430G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690918962117&amp;bpp=2&amp;bdt=1177&amp;idt=-M&amp;shv=r20230727&amp;mjsv=m202307270401&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690918740%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690918740%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280&amp;nras=3&amp;correlator=6361199201422&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=466417338.1690918962&amp;ga_sid=1690918962&amp;ga_hid=459345846&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=2034&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759876%2C44759927%2C44759842%2C31076087%2C31076481%2C31076484%2C31076578%2C42531705%2C44788442&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=2360848882928407&amp;tmod=133538902&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=5&amp;uci=a!5&amp;btvi=2&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=gR32ugdfPK&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=8" data-google-container-id="a!5" data-google-query-id="CMX23oCcvIADFdpLwgUde2QN5A" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p style="text-align: justify;"><em>- Kể tên các vật liệu tạo thành bê tông và bê tông cốt thép. Nêu tính chất, công dụng của bê tông và bê tông cốt thép.</em></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Xi măng được làm từ đất sét, đá vôi và một số chất khác. Xi măng có màu xám xanh (hoặc nâu đất, trắng). Khi trộn với một ít nước, xi măng không tan mà trở nên dẻo và rất chóng bị khô, kết thành tảng, cứng như đá.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Xi măng trộn với cát và nước tạo thành vữa xi măng, khi khô trở nên cứng, không bị rạn, không thấm nước. Vữa xi măng thường được dùng để trát tường, trát các bể chứa, xây nhà.</p><div class="google-auto-placed ap_container" style="width: 100%; height: auto; clear: both; text-align: center;"><ins data-ad-format="auto" class="adsbygoogle adsbygoogle-noablate" data-ad-client="ca-pub-8123786206223951" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: block; margin: auto; background-color: transparent; height: 0px;"><div id="aswift_5_host" tabindex="0" title="Advertisement" aria-label="Advertisement" style="border: none; height: 0px; width: 741px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; visibility: visible; background-color: transparent; display: inline-block; overflow: visible; opacity: 1;"><iframe id="aswift_5" name="aswift_5" style="left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; border: 0px; width: 741px; height: 0px;" sandbox="allow-forms allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation" width="741" height="0" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" vspace="0" hspace="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" src="https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/ads?client=ca-pub-8123786206223951&amp;output=html&amp;h=90&amp;adk=1973418407&amp;adf=39315810&amp;pi=t.aa~a.1694800419~i.23~rp.4&amp;w=741&amp;fwrn=4&amp;fwrnh=100&amp;lmt=1690918962&amp;num_ads=1&amp;rafmt=1&amp;armr=3&amp;sem=mc&amp;pwprc=7302649500&amp;ad_type=text_image&amp;format=741x90&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsachgiaokhoa.online%2Fbai-28-xi-mang-1430G2942.html&amp;fwr=0&amp;pra=3&amp;rh=186&amp;rw=741&amp;rpe=1&amp;resp_fmts=3&amp;wgl=1&amp;fa=27&amp;uach=WyJtYWNPUyIsIjEzLjAuMCIsIng4NiIsIiIsIjExNS4wLjU3OTAuMTE0IixbXSwwLG51bGwsIjY0IixbWyJOb3QvQSlCcmFuZCIsIjk5LjAuMC4wIl0sWyJHb29nbGUgQ2hyb21lIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXSxbIkNocm9taXVtIiwiMTE1LjAuNTc5MC4xMTQiXV0sMF0.&amp;dt=1690918962117&amp;bpp=1&amp;bdt=1178&amp;idt=1&amp;shv=r20230727&amp;mjsv=m202307270401&amp;ptt=9&amp;saldr=aa&amp;abxe=1&amp;cookie=ID%3D94547395a8fa18af-22e89ad22ae300c0%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690918740%3AS%3DALNI_MYNbCG599XmevrUPCYJ3Zv-Np5EvA&amp;gpic=UID%3D00000d3b2ce8a729%3AT%3D1690912062%3ART%3D1690918740%3AS%3DALNI_MaVlHrwAJeI0KGbMoTcFZDk5BwO2Q&amp;prev_fmts=0x0%2C741x280%2C1122x280%2C741x280&amp;nras=4&amp;correlator=6361199201422&amp;frm=20&amp;pv=1&amp;ga_vid=466417338.1690918962&amp;ga_sid=1690918962&amp;ga_hid=459345846&amp;ga_fc=0&amp;u_tz=420&amp;u_his=50&amp;u_h=1080&amp;u_w=1920&amp;u_ah=1055&amp;u_aw=1920&amp;u_cd=24&amp;u_sd=1&amp;dmc=8&amp;adx=394&amp;ady=2554&amp;biw=1910&amp;bih=970&amp;scr_x=0&amp;scr_y=0&amp;eid=44759876%2C44759927%2C44759842%2C31076087%2C31076481%2C31076484%2C31076578%2C42531705%2C44788442&amp;oid=2&amp;pvsid=2360848882928407&amp;tmod=133538902&amp;uas=0&amp;nvt=1&amp;fc=1408&amp;brdim=0%2C25%2C0%2C25%2C1920%2C25%2C1920%2C1055%2C1920%2C970&amp;vis=1&amp;rsz=%7C%7Cs%7C&amp;abl=NS&amp;fu=128&amp;bc=31&amp;ifi=6&amp;uci=a!6&amp;btvi=3&amp;fsb=1&amp;xpc=GEVQNylIfR&amp;p=https%3A//sachgiaokhoa.online&amp;dtd=18" data-google-container-id="a!6" data-google-query-id="CJy54ICcvIADFV9FwgUdalYF9Q" data-load-complete="true"></iframe></div></ins></div> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Dùng xi măng, cát, sỏi (hoặc đá) trộn đều với nước, ta được bê tông. Bê tông chịu nén, được dùng để lát đường.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">- Dùng xi măng, cát, sỏi (hoặc đá) trộn đều với nước rồi đổ vào các khuôn có cốt thép, ta được bê tông cốt thép dùng để xây dựng nhà cao tầng, cầu, đập nước,...</p> <p><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="/uploads/tinymce/282-1665249186.png.webp" width="696" height="440" alt="hinh-anh-bai-28-xi-mang-1430-1" title="hinh-anh-bai-28-xi-mang-1430-1" loading="lazy"></p>