Operations Manual
Several operators in DuckDB exhibit non-deterministic behavior.
Most notably, SQL uses set semantics, which allows results to be returned in a different order.
DuckDB exploits this to improve performance, particularly when performing multi-threaded query execution.
Other factors, such as using different compilers, operating systems, and hardware architectures, can also cause changes in ordering.
This page documents the cases where non-determinism is an _expected behavior_.
If you would like to make your queries determinisic, see the [“Working Around Non-Determinism” section](#::working-around-non-determinism).