Where did the archaeological department of india carry out excavations in the indus valley?
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In 1921, did the archaeological department of india carry out the excavations of Harappa in the indus valley?
Sahiwal District, Punjab, Pakistan 30°37′44″N 72°51′50″E Punjab, Pakistan
The Harappan Civilization has its earliest roots in cultures such as that of Mehrgarh, approximately 6000 BC. The two greatest cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh. The civilization, with a possible writing system, urban centers, and diversified social and economic system, was rediscovered in the 1920s also after excavations at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh near Larkana, and Harappa, in west Punjab south of Lahore. A number of other sites stretching from the Himalayan foothills in east Punjab, India in the north, to Gujarat in the south and east, and to Pakistani Balochistan in the west have also been discovered and studied. Although the archaeological site at Harappa was damaged in 1857 when engineers constructing the Lahore-Multan railroad used brick from the Harappa ruins for track ballast, an abundance of artifacts have nevertheless been found. The bricks discovered were made of red sand, clay, stones and were baked at very high temperature. As early as 1826 Harappa, located in west Punjab, attracted the attention of Daya Ram Sahni, who gets credit for preliminary excavations of harappa.
In 1921, did the archaeological department of india carry out the excavation of Mohenjodaro in the indus valley?
Larkana 27°19′45″N 68°08′20″E Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan
Harappa
Madho Sarup Vats and Amalananda Ghosh succeeded Chakravarti. Ghosh's tenure which lasted until 1968 is noted for the excavations of Indus Valley sites at Kalibangan, Lothal and Dholavira. The "Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act" was passed in 1958 bringing the archaeological survey under the aegis of the Ministry of Culture. Ghosh was succeeded by B.B. Lal who conducted archaeological excavations at Ayodhya to investigate whether a Ram Temple preceded the Babri Masjid. During Lal's tenure, the "Antiquities and Art Treasures Act" (1972) was passed recommending central protection for monuments considered to be "of national importance". Lal was succeeded by M. N. Deshpande who served from 1972 to 1978 and B. K. Thapar who served from 1978 to 1981. On Thapar's retirement in 1981, archaeologist Debala Mitra was appointed to succeed him - she was the first woman Director General of the ASI. Mitra was succeeded by M. S. Nagaraja Rao, who had been transferred from the Karnataka State Department of Archaeology. Archaeologists J. P. Joshi and M. C. Joshi succeeded Rao. M. C. Joshi was the Director General when the Babri Masjid was demolished in 1992 triggering Hindu-Muslim violence all over India. As a fallout of the demolition, Joshi was dismissed in 1993 and controversially replaced as Director General by Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer Achala Moulik, a move which inaugurated a tradition of appointing bureaucrats of the IAS instead of archaeologists to head the survey. The tradition was finally brought to an end in 2010 when Gautam Sengupta an archaeologist, replaced K.M Srivastava an IAS officer as Director General.He was again succeeded by Pravin Srivastava, another IAS officer. Srivastava's successor and the present incumbent, Rakesh Tiwari is also a professional archaeologist.
Where in Tehsil Pilibangān did Ghosh from the archaeological department of india carry out excavations in the indus valley?
Kalibangan
Archaeological Survey of India
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Where did Ghosh from the archaeological department of india carry out the excavation of Lothal in the indus valley?
22°31′17″N 72°14′58″E Saragwala, Gujarat, India
Dholavira () is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat in western India, which has taken its name from a modern-day village south of it. This village is from Radhanpur. Also known locally as "Kotada timba", the site contains ruins of an ancient Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan city. Dholavira’s location is on the Tropic of Cancer. It is one of the five largest Harappan sites and most prominent archaeological sites in India belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. It is also considered as having been the grandest of cities of its time. It is located on "Khadir bet" island in the Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary in the Great Rann of Kutch. The quadrangular city lay between two seasonal streams, the Mansar in the north and Manhar in the south. The site was occupied from c.2650 BCE, declining slowly after about 2100 BCE. It was briefly abandoned then reoccupied until c.1450 BCE.
Where did Ghosh from the archaeological department of india carry out the excavation of Dholavira in the indus valley?
Khadirbet 23°53′18.98″N 70°12′49.09″E Khadirbet, Kutch District, India
Dholavira
Dholavira
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dholavira
Harappa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harappa
Archaeological Survey of India
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological%20Survey%20of%20India
Lothal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothal
Mohenjo-daro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohenjo-daro
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an Indian government agency attached to the Ministry of Culture that is responsible for archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural monuments in the country. It was founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham who also became its first Director-General.
Archaeological Survey of India
The most significant event of his tenure was, however, the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization at Harappa and Mohenjodaro in 1921. The success and scale of the discoveries made ensured that the progress made in Marshall's tenure would remain unmatched. Marshall was succeeded by Harold Hargreaves in 1928. Hargreaves was succeeded by Daya Ram Sahni
Archaeological Survey of India
The Archaeological Survey of India is an Indian government agency that is responsible for archaeological research and has carried out multiple excavations in the Indus Valley. The first grand breakthrough came in 1921 with the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization during the excavations of Harappa and Mohenjodaro in Sahiwal District and Larkana respectively, both sites located in Punjab, Pakistan. Madho Sarup Vats and Amalananda Ghosh later excavated new sites at Kalibangan, Dholavira and Lothal in 1968. Kalibangan is located in Tehsil Pilibangān, while Dholavira and Lothal are located in Khadirbet, Kutch District and Saragwala, Gujarat, India respectively.