To research the causes of Syringomyelia, consider researching the causes of these these diseases that may be similar, or associated with Syringomyelia: 1  Myelopathy. 2  Hydromyelia. 3  Syringohydromelia. 4  Scoliosis. 5  Spina bifida. 6  Spinal arachnoiditis. 7  Chiari malformation.