The lungworm infection in dogs affects the respiratory system and may be fatal. The infection is parasitic and may be caused by a number of worms such as Paragonimus kellicotti, Capillaria aerophilis, Osleri osleri or the Filaroides.The infection can be contracted from hosts that carry the parasites.he lungworm infection in dogs affects the respiratory system and may be fatal. The infection is parasitic and may be caused by a number of worms such as Paragonimus kellicotti, Capillaria aerophilis, Osleri osleri or the Filaroides.