Agriculture in Mesoamerica dates to the Archaic period of Mesoamerican chronology (8000-2000 BCE).During this period, many of the hunter gatherer micro-bands in the region began to cultivate wild plants.he second most important crop in Mesoamerican agriculture is the squash. Cultivated and domesticated before maize, dated to 10,000 years ago in Oaxaca, the people of Mesoamerica utilize several different types of squash. The most important may be the pumpkin, and its relatives.