Bone type: One of the four basic bone shapes in the human skeleton -- long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Long bones have a tubular shaft and articular surface at each end.The major bones of the arms (humerus, radius, and ulna) and the legs (the femur, tibia, and fibula) are all long bones.he short bones include all of the metacarpals and phalanges in the hands, the metatarsals and phalanges in the feet, and the clavicle (collarbone). Flat bones are thin and have broad surfaces. The flat bones include the scapula (wingbone), the ribs, and the sternum (breastbone).