Officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia, the country is located in the southern portion of Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. Cambodia is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.Print. History of Cambodia. One of the prominent early cultures of Cambodia were the Khmer people, with the Funan Kingdom around the first century.ambodia is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. Print. History of Cambodia. One of the prominent early cultures of Cambodia were the Khmer people, with the Funan Kingdom around the first century.