Ten largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization in 2011: 1. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) - Headquartered in New York City. Market Capitalization (2011, USD Billions) 14,242; Trade Value (2011, USD Billions) 20,161. The largest stock exchange in the world by both market capitalization and trade value. NYSE is the premier listing venue for the world s leading large-and medium-sized companies.