Aerobic metabolism converts fat and carbohydrate into units of cellular energy called ATP. Aerobic metabolism is very efficient, producing 34 molecules of ATP from every molecule of glucose, compared to the two ATP molecules anaerobic metabolism generates.ignificance. Your body performs aerobic metabolism all day long to provide energy for activities of daily living. Because aerobic metabolism requires water and oxygen, it is the reason that humans breathe constantly and part of the reason why you need to drink water.