What does Kaden mean, popularity, numerology and more. The name Kaden is of American origin. The meaning of Kaden is fighter. It is also of Arabic origin, where its meaning is companion and English origin, where its meaning is little battle.aden is generally used as a boy's name. It consists of 5 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Ka-den. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 171 in baby name popularity for boys with 2440 occurrences.