The name Caleb is a Biblical baby name. In Biblical the meaning of the name Caleb is: A dog, a crow, a basket'. American Meaning: The name Caleb is an American baby name.In American the meaning of the name Caleb is: A dog, a crow, a basket'.Hebrew Meaning: The name Caleb is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Caleb is: Meaning dog, or bold.Famous bearer: Caleb was one of twelve Islaelite leaders sent by Moses to explore the Promised Land.n American the meaning of the name Caleb is: A dog, a crow, a basket'. Hebrew Meaning: The name Caleb is a Hebrew baby name. In Hebrew the meaning of the name Caleb is: Meaning dog, or bold.