There are several different disorders that can arise when the thyroid produces too much hormone (hyperthyroidism) or not enough (hypothyroidism). Four common thyroid disorders include Hashimoto's disease, Graves' disease, goiter, and thyroid nodules.he body's systems speed up and cause symptoms that are common to hyperthyroidism when there’s a high level of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream. Symptoms include: 1  anxiety. 2  irritability. 3  fatigue. 4  hand tremors. 5  increased or irregular heartbeat. 6  excessive sweating. 7  difficulty sleeping.