Several types of tests can be used to diagnose a chlamydia infection. Test results are usually done in 2 to 3 days, except for the chlamydia culture. It can take 5 to 7 days.Other infections can occur along with a chlamydia infection. Your doctor may recommend testing for: 1  Gonorrhea. 2  Syphilis. 3  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) , which causes AIDS.everal types of tests can be used to diagnose a chlamydia infection. Test results are usually done in 2 to 3 days, except for the chlamydia culture. It can take 5 to 7 days.