The name Coleen is a Gaelic baby name. In Gaelic the meaning of the name Coleen is: Girl. American Meaning: The name Coleen is an American baby name.In American the meaning of the name Coleen is: Girl. SoulUrge Number: 7. Expression Number: 9. People with this name have a deep inner need for quiet, and a desire to understand and analyze the world they live in, and to learn the deeper truths.he name Coleen is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Coleen is: Girl. SoulUrge Number: 7. Expression Number: 9. People with this name have a deep inner need for quiet, and a desire to understand and analyze the world they live in, and to learn the deeper truths.