Tension or Stress. Tension and stress can cause a tightening of the trapezius muscle, causing soreness and pain. Women perceive life to be more stressful and suffer more from neck pain than men, according to a 2010 study at the University of Gothenburg.hiplash. Traumatic injury such as whiplash can cause a sore trapezius muscle. During an accident or injury the head is snapped backwards and then forwards, straining the trapezius muscles and causing neck pain, according to the MayoClinic.com. Whiplash can be caused by auto accidents, physical abuse or contact sports.