The Polka is a Central European dance and genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas.It originated in the middle of the 19th century in Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic.he polka also migrated to the Nordic countries where it is known by a variety of names in Denmark (galopp, hopsa), Estonia (polka), Finland (pariisipolkka, polkka), Iceland, Norway (galopp, hamborgar, hopsa/hopsar, parisarpolka, polka, polkett, skotsk) and Sweden (polka).