Mathematics and Science in Ancient Greece. The Greeks produced great advancements in mathematics which are still used today. Euclid was known for the basic rules and terms of geometry. Pythagoras was famous for his theorem A2 +B2 = C2 for a right triangle.Pythagoras also came up with the value of pie to calculate the circumference of a circle.he Greeks produced great advancements in mathematics which are still used today. Euclid was known for the basic rules and terms of geometry.