While it is common to start off with a primary care provider (a medical doctor, chiropractor, or doctor of osteopathic medicine), if the patient's back pain is resistant to initial treatment then the services of a spine specialist may be necessary.In This Article: 1  Specialists Who Treat Back Pain.hile it is common to start off with a primary care provider (a medical doctor, chiropractor, or doctor of osteopathic medicine), if the patient's back pain is resistant to initial treatment then the services of a spine specialist may be necessary. In This Article: 1  Specialists Who Treat Back Pain.