Parmesan cheese has one of the highest amounts of protein with 10.9 grams per 1-ounce serving. Mozzarella cheese contains 7.36 grams per 1-ounce serving and an ounce of provolone cheese has 7.25 grams. Cheddar and Gouda cheese each contain about 7 grams of protein per serving. Colby cheese supplies 6.74 grams per ounce, and the same amount of brie cheese provides 5.88 grams. An ounce of feta cheese has 4 grams and an ounce of cottage cheese supplies 3.5 grams.