From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Fundamental rights are a generally regarded set of legal protections in the context of a legal system, where in such system is itself based upon this same set of basic, fundamental, or inalienable rights.Such rights thus belong without presumption or cost of privilege to all human beings under such jurisdiction.he concept of human rights has been promoted as a legal concept in large part owing to the idea that human beings have such fundamental rights, such that transcend all jurisdiction, but are typically reinforced in different ways and with different emphasis within different legal systems.