3 Federal Preemption >Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution – establishes that the U.S. Constitution and federal law generally has precedence over state law. >Courts recognize three types: > Express Preemption – when the language of the federal statute reveals an express congressional intent to preempt state laws. > Field Preemption – when the federal scheme of regulation is so pervasive that Congress must have intended to leave no room for the state to supplement. > Conflict Preemption – when compliance with both federal and state law is impossible or when the state law acts as an obstacle to what Congress intended.