You unfortunately can’t take a tax deduction for gas taxes on your federal income tax return, however it is a component of the auto mileage rates that you can deduct on your taxes for use of your vehicle for business, moving, medical, or charitable purposes. The deductible standard mileage rates are:ut even if you never think of gas tax, it is likely that you benefit from its collection: state excise tax on gasoline funds highway and mass transit projects in most states.