Essential Information. Degrees in political science are offered at the associate's, bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels. In these programs, students learn how government works and how to develop policy, conduct research and analyze data.ome political science degree holders could also choose to advocate or work on behalf of a cause or a community. A thorough knowledge of government policies is necessary for most of these professions, though specific knowledge and particular skills might influence what kind of job one can pursue.