In order from closest to earth to farthest what are the names of each layer of our atmosphere. The atmosphere is divided into 5 layers (from Earth's surface): Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere.report this answer.Updated on Thursday, February 02 2012 at 05:57AM EST.he atmosphere is divided into 5 layers (from Earth's surface): Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere.