Blood gas analysis, also called arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis, is a test which measures the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the acidity (pH) of the blood.lood gas analysis, transcutaneous the determination of P O 2 and P CO 2 by placement of a heated electrode over the skin to get an inference of Pa O 2 and Pa CO 2. blood group the phenotype of erythrocytes defined by one or more cellular antigenic structural groupings under the control of allelic genes.