An adult dog needs at least 10% of its daily calories from protein and a minimum of 5.5% from fats.An adult dog’s diet can contain up to 50% carbohydrates, including 2.5% to 4.5% percent fiber.1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5.n adult dog needs at least 10% of its daily calories from protein and a minimum of 5.5% from fats.