Postmodernism in sociology is an analysis of the social and cultural features of late capitalism (post-modernity), a critique of sociological theory as a modernist project, and an extension of sociological inquiry into new domains.he key concepts of sociological postmodernism are subject, identity, text, and symbol. On these grounds, postmodernity is characterized as a form of social order in which the electronic media play a prominent role, symbolic codes are pervasive, and social identities are fragmented.