Bogota. Colombia's capital of Bogota is in the central part of the country. The city is situated in the Andes mountain chain and is surrounded by five rivers, including the Bogota River.Bogota is considered the educational and cultural center of Colombia.olombia's capital of Bogota is in the central part of the country. The city is situated in the Andes mountain chain and is surrounded by five rivers, including the Bogota River.