A pile of minerals. This image shows some of the most common minerals you'll find in rocks. This pile contains plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar, quartz, muscovite mica, biotite mica, amphibole, olivine, and calcite.uartz. Quartz is one of the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. It is made up of silicon dioxide (SiO 2), otherwise known as silica. White sand is primarily made from quartz.