High blood sugar will cause Insulin levels to rise, but i suspect you are referring to Insulin resistance. This is a phenomena in which your muscle cells have reduced sensitivity to insulin. This results in higher blood levels of Insulin for any given level of blood sugar as compared to those without Insulin resistance. In brief: Insulin resistance. High blood sugar will cause Insulin levels to rise, but i suspect you are referring to Insulin resistance. This is a phenomena in which your muscle cells have reduced sensitivity to insulin. This results in higher blood levels of Insulin for any given level of blood sugar as compared to those without Insulin resistance.