Insulin and it s Effects on Blood Glucose. Insulin has many effects on the blood glucose levels throughout our body. With increased levels of glucose in the blood, insulin is secreted from the pancreas. Insulin is then released from the beta cells that are a type of islet cells. This release of insulin causes an increased uptake of glucose in muscles, red blood cells, and fat cells. 3 The increased uptake manages the glucose levels in the body. If the glucose levels are steadily rising, a state called, hyperglycemia may occur. 2. Exercise plays a crucial role when dealing with glucose levels.