Peripheral neuropathy is damage of the peripheral nerves. Your peripheral nerves — the nerves in your toes and fingertips — are the ones on the periphery of your body. When the nerves are damaged, they don't function properly.he most common symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include burning, numbness, tingling, or shooting or stabbing pain in the toes and/or fingertips. Any change in sensation in the fingers or toes may be a symptom of peripheral neuropathy. Be sure to report any abnormal sensations to your doctor.