The anesthesiologist is a medical doctor who, after medical school and internship, has chosen to specialize in anesthesiology. All anesthesiologists have at least three years of training after medical school; most have four years, and a few have more.It is the anesthesiologist’s job to keep you safe and comfortable during surgery and recovery from anesthesia.Once you enter the operating room, the anesthesiologist never leaves your side until you are safe and stable in the postanesthesia care unit.f the patient encounters a problem during surgery (low blood pressure, asthma, substantial blood loss, inadequate blood flow to the heart, heart arrhythmia and many others), the anesthesiologist works to correct the problem.