French Meaning: The name Lucian is a French baby name. In French the meaning of the name Lucian is: Form of Luke. 'Light; illumination. American Meaning: The name Lucian is an American baby name.In American the meaning of the name Lucian is: Form of Luke.'Light; illumination.Latin Meaning: The name Lucian is a Latin baby name.he name Lucian is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Lucian is: Form of Luke. 'Light; illumination. Latin Meaning: The name Lucian is a Latin baby name.