The chromosome is the genetic material that creates almost every part of the cell. Almost every cell in your body is diploid containing two sets of chromosomes. So instead of 23 you have 46 chromosomes, one from each parent.These chromosomes are made up of tightly wound DNA which according to the central dogma of biology it goes DNA-RNA-Protein.This means that your DNA is the blueprint for the proteins, enzymes, and cellular structures that make each cell unique. In order to reproduce i…. 2  A Lesson in Genetics: The X Chromosome and Its Function In your cells, the material that makes up your genetic material is known as a chromosome. 3  Chromosomes are organized DNA structures found in the cell nucleus.