Shu. The State of Shu was an ancient state in what is now Sichuan, China. It was conquered by Qin in 316 BC. Shu was based on the Chengdu Plain, in the western Sichuan basin with some extension northeast to the upper Han River valley.To the east was the Ba tribal confederation.he State of Shu was an ancient state in what is now Sichuan, China. It was conquered by Qin in 316 BC.