Major plant communities in this biome include: 1  Forest: Mediterranean forests are generally composed of broadleaf trees, such as the oak and mixed sclerophyll forests of California and the Mediterranean region, the Eucalyptus forests of Southwest Australia, and the Nothofagus forests of central Chile. Woodland: Oak woodlands are characteristic of the Mediterranean Basin and in California. 2  Pine woodlands are also present in the Mediterranean Basin. 3  California additionally has walnut woodlands.