The bladder is an organ of the urinary system, situated anteriorly in the pelvic cavity. It is hollow, highly distensible, and rounded in shape. The main function of the bladder is the collection, temporary storage, and expulsion of urine. It has a unique muscular structure, and a complex neurological control, which shall be considered in detail. Embryologically, the bladder is derived from the hindgut. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy and physiological functions of the bladder.