Chloe /chloe/ [2 sylls.] as a girls' name is pronounced KHLOH-ee. It is of Greek origin, and the meaning of Chloe is  green shoot. From Khloe, originally used in the classical period to symbolize the fertility goddess Demeter in blooming and verdant glory.May be connected with Chloris.hloe is a very popular first name for women (#1137 out of 4276, Top 27%) but a rare surname for all people. (2000 U.S. Census). Shown below is the baby name popularity of Chloe for girls.