E. Napp Date: ___________________. The Spanish conquest of Latin America brought many important changes to Latin American society. Spain sent royal governors or viceroys to rule the colonies in the king’s name.Gold and silver from the Americas were shipped to Spain, making it the strongest power in Europe in the 16th century.ative American populations had declined rapidly in parts of Latin America due to a lack of immunity to diseases brought by the conquerors like measles and smallpox. The European encounter with the Native American Indians led to an exchange of ideas, customs, and technologies. Global cultural diffusion increased.