Overview. Guatemala is a Republic whose current leader is Chief Executive Alvaro Colom Caballeros. The chief executive in Guatemala typically has a term length of 4 years.Guatemala's Legislature has 158 seats, and the last legislative elections were in 2011.Type of Government.verview. Guatemala is a Republic whose current leader is Chief Executive Alvaro Colom Caballeros. The chief executive in Guatemala typically has a term length of 4 years.