Causes of Chills without Fever. If your chills do not coincide with a fever, it may mean you have one of the following conditions: Prescription drugs: Chills can be a side effect of prescription drugs, if the prescription is incorrect or an individual is using them in an abusive manner.hese include chills, which are rarely accompanied by a fever, muscle spasms, vomiting and nausea, headache, abdominal pain, a rash, and joint stiffness. However, they do differ in accordance with the appearance of the spider bite.