It takes 4 years of undergraduate education, 4 years of medical school, and 3 years of pediatric residency to become a general pediatrician, totaling at least 11 years.Further, most fellowship subspecialties last 3 years, increasing the time spent in training to about 14 years overall.icensing. Pediatricians must be licensed in all states. Licensing requires much the same criteria as certification, including completion of an accredited medical program, 1 to 3 years of postgraduate residency training, and a licensure exam.