Vitamin B-12, or cobalamin, is an important component for several metabolic reactions in the body.Although Vitamin B-12 deficiency is rare, it can result in anemia and serious cases of neuropathy and dementia. Daily recommendations for adults are 2.4 micrograms a day. B-12 is typically found in animal sources.itamin B-12, or cobalamin, is an important component for several metabolic reactions in the body.