Anesthesiologist vs Nurse Anesthetist. Doctors and nurses usually have distinct responsibilities. Doctors treat the patient by giving orders and directions. Nurses treat the patient by carrying out the orders of the doctors.Some difficult procedures should not be done by nurses because there will be a breach in responsibilities and tasks. There is a major difference between anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists.To make things at ease, the former is a doctor who specializes in anesthesiology while the latter is a nurse who studied and trained for a few more years before becoming an anesthetist.n the other side of nursing, for a nurse to become a nurse anesthetist, he or she completes a Bachelor’s degree. Then the individual must pass the nursing exam or NCLEX in the US. After passing the exam, a hospital experience is required for a minimum of one year.