Like DNA, the backbone of RNA consists of a sugar molecule and a phosphate group; the difference is that in RNA the sugar is ribose, whereas in DNA it's deoxyribose.he molecules that make up RNA form long chains. Each individual unit consists 3 parts: * a nitrogenous base (cytosine, guanine, adenine, or uracil) - … this is important for making the RNA code for an amino acid, essentially this is where the information is transmitted by the RNA.