Digger bees are sometimes classified in the family Anthophoridae along with the carpenter bees. These hairy bees range from 5 to 25 mm in length and, like other members of this family, the females use scopae (stiff hairs) to carry pollen. Most species nest in the ground or in vertical banks, often in sandy soil. Some species waterproof their brood cells with secreted waxy or oily material.