Causes of Vomiting. 1  H. pylori (Helicobacter Pylori ) Infection Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria that causes chronic inflammation (gastritis) of the inner lining of the stomach,...learn more 2  ». Abdominal Adhesions (Scar Tissue) Abdominal adhesions (scar tissue) bands of scar tissue that form between abdominal organs and tissues.