Languages: Khalkha Mongolian, Turkic languages, Russian, Chinese. The official language of Mongolia is Khalkha Mongolian, and is spoken by 90% of the population. A variety of different dialects are spoken across the country.These dialects are included in the Mongolic languages.halkha Mongolian, the official language, is spoken by about 85% of the population. It is one of a large dialect group in the Mongolic branch of the Altaic language family. Source(s): http://www.omniglot.com/writing/mongolia... Leo · 5 years ago.