Teutopolis, IL. Teutopolis is a village in Effingham County, Illinois. Teutopolis is located at 39°7′56″N 88°28′42″W / 39.13222°N 88.47833°W / 39.13222; -88.47833 (39.132125, -88.478435). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km²), all of it land.