Chronic abscess: Introduction. Chronic abscess: hronic abscess occurs in women who are not breastfeeding. See detailed information below for a list of 12 causes of Chronic abscess, Symptom Checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes.» Review Causes of Chronic abscess: Causes | Symptom Checker ».esearch the causes of these symptoms that are similar to, or related to, the symptom Chronic abscess: 1  Diabetes (212 causes). 2  Chronic illness. 3  AIDS.