Poland syndrome is a rare birth condition characterized by the absence of the chest muscle on one side of the body and by webbing of the fingers. The cause of this condition is unknown and treatment usually consists of muscle and breast reconstruction, as well as separation of the joined fingers.slide 1 of 3.oland Syndrome. Poland syndrome is a rare birth condition that affects between one in 10,000 and one in 100,000 children. Also known as Poland’s anomaly, the features of this defect usually vary from person to person.