The oven temperature used to cook a beef roast is usually set somewhere between 300 degrees and 450 degrees Fahrenheit. The recommended cooking temperature for your roast is usually determined by the type of beef cut that you plan to roast.here are even a few beef roasts, especially some of the tougher roasts from the round or chuck, that are best when cooked with high heat at the start (to sear the outside of the meat and seal in the juices) and then cooked at a lower temperature to finish the roast.