Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans.It is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito.f the six malarial parasites, P. falciparum causes the most fatal and medically severe form. Malaria is prevalent in tropical countries with an incidence of 300 million per year and a mortality of 1 to 2 million per year. Roughly 50% of all malarial infections are caused by P. falciparum.