Columbia University Professor Salary. Columbia University Professor average salary is $171,085, median salary is $165,000 with a salary range from $50,000 to $300,000. Columbia University Professor salaries are collected from government agencies and companies.Each salary is associated with a real job position.Columbia University Professor salary statistics is not exclusive and is for reference only. They are presented as is and updated regularly.olumbia University Professor salary is full-time annual starting salary.