The medical term for an enlarged heart is  Cardiomegaly. Cardiomegaly can in practice take  the form of Hypertrophy (thickening) of the heart muscles in some  patients wh … ile in others cardiomegaly takes the form of dilation  (increase in volume) of one or more of the heart chambers.nother term from the Latin root is Coronary, which also means heart. For example, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, AKA CABG (called also cabbage), is the medical term for a heart bypass. Cardiac means pertaining to the heart.