10 most extreme places on Earth. The term “bioarchaeology” is used in several different ways in an academic context. In most of the world, it refers to the study of any biological remains found at archaeological sites, from the bones of animals cooked for dinner to the plant fibers used to make clothing.ioarchaeology studies can be used to look for diseases which might have been present in the population, and to study the general health of the population. Large groups of human remains can also provide information about how long people lived, as a general rule, and to study the environment in which they lived.