In other words, what are people from Mongolia called? A person from Mongolia and/or a citizen of Mongolia is called Mongolian.You may also be interested in what people from Mongolia speak? In other words, what language do people in Mongolia speak?he language that people speak in Mongolia is Mongolian. Okay, now that you know what people from Mongolia are called and you know what language they speak, you may want to learn more about the people of Mongolia. Here is more information about the country of Mongolia.