Ovarian cancer: Many different types of ovarian cancer exist that all have varying degrees of malignancy. Depending on the cancer type, it can be a possible cause of an enlarged ovary Ovarian torsion: A medical emergency characterized by the twisting of the ovary and fallopian tube. Women affected tend to have significantly lower abdominal pain caused by compromised blood supply. Ovarian torsion is considered life-threatening and can result in stromal edema, internal hemorrhage, hyperstimulation, or a mass. Symptoms that accompany an enlarged ovary Symptoms of an enlarged ovary may differ depending on the underlying cause, as some cases present with attritional symptoms not found in other causes of enlarged ovary.