Endocrinologists treat people who suffer from hormonal imbalances, typically from glands in the endocrine system. The overall goal of treatment is to restore the normal balance of hormones found in a patient's body.ome of the more common conditions treated by endocrinologists include: 1  Menopause. 2  Diabetes. 3  Metabolic disorders. 4  Lack of growth. 5  Osteoporosis. 6  Thyroid diseases. 7  Cancers of the endocrine glands. 8  Over-or under-production of hormones.