Gunung Padang Megalithic Site is probably the oldest civilization on Earth. It is located in Java Island, Indonesia. The site was dated 6,500 years BP by carbon radiometric dating in 3 to 4 meters below the surface (12,500 years in 8 to 10 meters below the surface) and the artifacts at the surface about 4,800 years BP.e can still say, as of now, that Jericho provides us with the oldest settlement, and Mesopotamia provides us with the oldest evidence of a large scale civilization. Food for thought: This was found near Turkey: This carved pillar was found in Gobekli Tepe near Sanliurfa (called Edessa during Roman times).