• GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION (noun). The noun GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION has 1 sense: 1. (mathematics) a progression in which each term is multiplied by a constant in order to obtain the next term. Familiarity information: GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION used as a noun is very rare.Dictionary entry details.eaning: (mathematics) a progression in which each term is multiplied by a constant in order to obtain the next term. Classified under: Nouns denoting groupings of people or objects. Context example: 1-4-16-64-256- is the start of a geometric progression.