A chemical reaction that absorbs energy is called an endothermic  reaction. 4 people found this useful. Edit. Share to: 1  The Definition and Comparison of Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions When describing chemical reactions, the terms endothermic and exothermic are often used.hemical reactions that absorb energy are called endothermic.    Chemical reactions that absorb free energy are called endothermic  reactions. Chemical reactions that re … lease free energy are called  exothermic reactions. + 9 others found this useful. Cynthia Gonzalez.