T10. The tenth thoracic vertebra (T10) is one of twelve vertebrae that make up the central section of the vertebral column. The spine consists of three vertebral columns, including the cervical vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, and thoracic vertebrae.The cervical vertebrae are located in the neck.t (in conjunction with the other vertebrae) surrounds the spinal cord and protects it from damage. T10 innervates the muscles of the lower abdomen. It is part of the section of the spinal cord that is most vulnerable to injury due to the area's high level of flexibility.