Images from top, left to right: Railroad in Yulee, Robert M. Foster Justice Center, Yulee High School, Tributary of the Nassau River. Yulee is a census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, Florida, United States. The population is currently 12,702 as of July 2016. Yulee is part of the Jacksonville metropolitan area, which was home to 1,449,481 people in 2015.