The aging process is associated with changes in the composition and function of the immune system and these changes may occur at an accelerated rate in men as compared to women. Moreover, after the age of menopause, the incidence of chronic inflammatory disease in women approaches or exceeds that observed in males.he mechanisms responsible for sex-specific differences in the immune response are complex and likely involve effects of the sex hormones on the immune system, genetic factors, and gender-specific behaviors and exposures.