Who is eligible for Medicaid? You may qualify for free or low-cost care through Medicaid based on income and family size. In all states, Medicaid provides health coverage for some low-income people, families and children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with disabilities. In some states the program covers all low-income adults below a certain income level. 1  First, find out if your state is expanding Medicaid and learn what that means for you. 2  If your state is expanding Medicaid, use this chart to see what you may qualify for based on your income and family size. Even if you were told you didn't qualify for Medicaid in the past, you may qualify under the new rules. You can see if you qualify for Medicaid 2 ways: Visit your state's Medicaid website. Use the drop-down menu at the top of this page to pick your state. You can apply right now and find out if you qualify. If you qualify, coverage can begin immediately. Fill out an application in the Health Insurance Marketplace.