The most common type of viral disease is the common cold, which is caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat). Other common viral diseases include: Chickenpox.Flu (influenza). Herpes. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS).Human papillomavirus (HPV).Infectious mononucleosis.he most common type of viral disease is the common cold, which is caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat). Other common viral diseases include: Chickenpox.