Cayden /cay-den/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name. Cayden's roots are Scottish and Arabic, and the meaning of the name Cayden is son of Cad n; companion.Cayden is an alternate spelling of Caden (Scottish): from the Scottish last name McCadden. Cayden is also a variation of Kaden (Arabic).Kreatif forms: Cayde, Clyden, Coden.ayden is an unusual first name for males. Cayden is an equally unusual surname for all people. (2000 U.S. Census). Shown below is the birth name popularity of Cayden for boys. Cayden entered the list in 1999 and reached its apex rank of #143 in the U.S. in the year 2009, and is at #197 presently.