The Netherlands. The name Holland is sometimes used to mean the entire country of the Netherlands. Amsterdam (in North Holland) is the largest city and capital of the country, and The Hague (in South Holland) is the seat of government.he provincy of Holland in the Netherlands was divided into two in 1840 after also being separate departments (Maasland and Amstelland) prior to occupation by France in 1810. … The capital of North Holland (Noord-Holland) is Haarlem.