Santiago, the capital, is the largest city. The city/urban population is 308,000, but the Santiago Metropolitan Region has more than 6 million inhabitants, representing the most populated and most densely populated region in Chile.he official 2012 estimate placed Chile's population at 17.4 million. Chile's population is estimated to have grown in 2013 to 17,643,916, and in 2015 to 17.9 million, which makes it the 61st most populous country on earth.