Antibiotics can be prescribed to treat a urinary tract infection, which can cause frequent urination and burning. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can cause pain while urinating.Catheter use can cause cystitis. Causes of frequent urination and burning can include urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases.ntibiotics can be prescribed to treat a urinary tract infection, which can cause frequent urination and burning. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can cause pain while urinating.