Oxford, KS. Sponsored Topics. Oxford is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,049. Oxford is located at 37°16′29″N 97°10′11″W / 37.274841°N 97.169825°W / 37.274841; -97.169825 (37.274841, -97.169825).