The Arctic (/ˈɑrktɪk/ f) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of the Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean and parts of Alaska (United States), Canada, Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Norway, Russia, and Sweden.The Arctic region consists of a vast ocean with a seasonally varying ice cover, surrounded by treeless permafrost.he Arctic region is a unique area among Earth's ecosystems. For example, the cultures in the region and the Arctic indigenous peoples have adapted to its cold and extreme conditions.