Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the blood vessels – the arteries and veins of the circulatory system of the body.It is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease. Disorders in this vast network of blood vessels, can cause a range of health problems which can be severe or prove fatal. Buerger's disease – is due to small blood vessels that inflame and swell, vessels then narrow or are blocked by blood clots. 2  Raynaud's disease – a rare disorder of constriction of the peripheral blood vessels, in the fingers and toes when the person is cold.