The current estimate for 2015 is just over 203.6 million. Brazil has an estimated 2015 population of 203.6 million, up from the 2008 population of 190 million. Most of Brazil is sparsely populated with a population density of 24 people per square kilometer (62/square mile), which ranks 190th in the world.t had an official population of 11.3 million in 2011 and, as well as being Brazil’s largest city, it is the largest city in the Southern Hemisphere and the world’s seventh largest city. Rio de Janeiro, perhaps the most famous city in Brazil, is the country’s second city when it comes to population.