Bacteria causes many diseases such as whooping cough, diarrhoea, typhoid fever, bacterial pneumonia and many more! :). When bacteria in the body and cause disease, hence this phenomenon is called infection.Diseases caused depending on the type and place of occurrence of bacterial infections.An example is typhoid, caused by the bacterium Salmonella thypi. Other bacteria is tuberculosis bacterium, which attacks the lungs causing TB disease, and if spread to the brain, can cause meningitis.n general bacteria that cause disease are called pathogenic bacteria. The ones that do not cause disease are often referred to as healthy bacteria or good bacteria See Re … lated Links for a good discussion on types of bacteria.