More info about the name Caleb. Caleb is a biblical name of Hebrew origin. He is one of the people chosen by God to lead the people into the land of Canaan with Moses. The name Caleb is from the Hebrew word 'Kaleb' which literally translates to 'dog'. It means being loyal to God like a dog is loyal to its master. However, the most apt meaning of the name 'Caleb' is 'to be faithful'.