The EPA also explains that long-term exposure to paint fumes can lead to kidney and liver problems. According to Australian Government Comcare, additional short-term effects of spray paint fume inhalation include chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and flu-type symptoms. Long-term effects of continual inhalation of spray paint fumes can include respiratory sensitivity, emphysema and cancer. Sentry Air Systems explains that spray paints contain volatile organic compounds, also referred to as VOCs. Examples of VOCs include acetone, magnesium silicate, methyl ethyl ketone and xylene.