david -  PhRMA companies also calculate how much $$ they will spend on promotional expenses for new drugs, including direct-to-consumer advertising, sales & marketing expenses, rebate $$ to PBMs, stock share buy-backs, CEO stock options, congressional lobbying, and creative patent-extending activities.For the record, many big PhRMA companies now buy newly developed drugs/biologicals from investor-funded start-up companies that cannot afford the clinical trials and FDA approval process. So, the R&D is generally not always fully paid by the big PhRMA company.

david -  PhRMA companies also calculate how much $$ they will spend on promotional expenses for new drugs, including direct-to-consumer advertising, sales & marketing expenses, rebate $$ to PBMs, stock share buy-backs, CEO stock options, congressional lobbying, and creative patent-extending activities.For the record, many big PhRMA companies now buy newly developed drugs/biologicals from investor-funded start-up companies that cannot afford the clinical trials and FDA approval process. So, the R&D is generally not always fully paid by the big PhRMA company.

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