Al-Bayed, Mohran H.
2016
Today’s everyone normal life can include a normal rate of playing computer games or video games; but what about an excessive or compulsive use of video games that impact on our life? Our kids, who usually spend a lot of time in playing video games will likely have a trouble in paying attention to their school lessons. In this paper, we introduce an expert system to help users in getting the correct diagnosis of the health problem of video game addictions that range from (Musculoskeletal issues, Vision problems and Obesity). Moreover, this expert system provides information about the problem and tell us how we can solve it. SL5 Object expert system language was used to design and implement the expert system.
oai:philarchive.org/rec/ABUDHP
en
Philosophy
Detecting Health Problems Related to Addiction of Video Game Playing Using an Expert System
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
~ 7 ~ WWJMRD 2015; 2(9): 7-12  Impact Factor MJIF: 4.25 e-ISSN: 2454-6615 Samy S. Abu Naser Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, AlAzhar University, Gaza, Palestine Mohran H. Al-Bayed Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, AlAzhar University, Gaza, Palestine Correspondence: Samy S. Abu Naser Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, AlAzhar University, Gaza, Palestine Detecting Health Problems Related to Addiction of Video Game Playing Using an Expert System Samy S. Abu Naser, Mohran H. Al-Bayed Abstract Today's everyone normal life can include a normal rate of playing computer games or video games; but what about an excessive or compulsive use of video games that impact on our life? Our kids, who usually spend a lot of time in playing video games will likely have a trouble in paying attention to their school lessons. In this paper, we introduce an expert system to help users in getting the correct diagnosis of the health problem of video game addictions that range from (Musculoskeletal issues, Vision problems and Obesity). Moreover, this expert system provides information about the problem and tell us how we can solve it. SL5 Object expert system language was used to design and implement the expert system. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Expert Systems; SL5 Object; Video Games; Health; Video Game Addiction Introduction There are Different point of view in video game that include societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games can lead to a negative behavior and attitudes in a player normal life, and whether this is reflected to the overall video game industry. Fig 1: Video game addiction Even though from the 1980s, the starter of games development industry has confirmed their industry as a very meaningful space for any person that will play, and event it can be used as an educational tool in the schools. On the other hand, another opinion was rising because of the negative effects that link between addiction of video games, violence, aggression and other issues that appeared specially for specific video game genres [3]. The Entertainment Software Association (ESA) made a survey [4] in 2016 about the Computer And Video Game Industry and gathered data from more than 4,000 households and surveyed about their game play habits and attitudes, and found that every house contain at least one person who play games for at least 3 hours/week with average of 13 years from his life. About half of this is female (48%), with high percent of 21% of the total ages of 18 or younger, and the majority of parents (91%) say it must be present on purchasing video games and want to check Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) [30] before letting their children play the game. One of the extensive games playing is Musculoskeletal issues that are physical complaints that happen during video game playing and range from pain in (hands and wrists, back and neck) or lower back pain to tendon injuries (tendinosis) of the hands and wrists that happen World Wide Journal of Multidiscip linary Research and Development ~ 8 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development from game controller, which contain numbness and a blister caused by friction between the thumb and the controller because of the rapid game play [31]. The other one is the Vision problems that are happened because of mass viewing sessions of electronic games devices and can cause eye strain, on cornea, pupil, and iris [32] and that can lead to headaches, dizziness, and evens chances of vomiting from focusing on a screen. Over that, the Obesity are linked to increase Body Mass Index (BMI) when the child spends more time in playing game over his day [33]. Expert System Language Expert Systems language is a set of programs which allow the building of an expert system through the creation of knowledge and rules, [6,10,11,13,21] see figure 2 for details. Expert systems have three essential components: 1. User interface: presents questions to the user and accepts inputs from them. 2. Knowledge base: contains data, facts, rules and objects in a specific knowledge domain. The knowledge base obtained from the human expert is prepared by a knowledge engineer as most human experts are not skilled in computer programming. 3. Inference engine: this is software that matches the users input with data contained in the knowledge base to reach appropriate answers. This is done using inference rules e.g. IF conditions THEN statements ELSE statements rules. Fig 2: Component of the expert systems The Expert System for detecting gamers health problems was implemented using SL5 Object language which stands for Simpler Level 5 Object expert system language [2]. It is a forward chaining expert system that can make inferences about facts of the world using rules, objects and take appropriate actions as a result. The SL5 Object language is implemented in Delphi Embarcadero RAD Studio XE6[2]. SL5 Object language is easy for the knowledge engineer to build the expert system and for the end users when they use it. Literature Review There are many expert systems that were designed to diagnose diseases in human[1,5,9,14-20,26-29,34-37] and plants [7]. But there is no specialized expert system for detecting gamers health problems. Although it's linked to several human diseases such as: Diabetes, bacterial, Ear, Eye, foot, Mouth Problems. Talayeh developed an expert system for diabetes diagnosis [12]. MYCIN is a famous expert system for diagnosing bacterial infections [24]. Some of these Expert Systems are specialized in one specific disease and other in a few diseases. However, the current proposed expert system is specialized in the diagnosis of video games playing health problem. Materials and Methods The proposed expert system performs diagnosis of video games playing health problem by asking questions that requires Yes/No answers. The proposed expert system will ask the user to choose the correct answer in each question window. At the end of the diagnosis session, the proposed expert system provides the proper diagnosis of the problem and offer a recommendation of the symptoms to the users. Figure 3 shows the first screen of the expert system session. Figure 4 shows an example of STRING question. Figure 5 shows an example of NUMERIC question and Figure 6 shows how the expert system displays the info for the patient, the health problem -if patient have oneand the recommendation for treating the health problem. ~ 9 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Fig 3: Shows start screen of the expert system session Fig 4: Shows an example of STRING question type Fig 5: Shows an example of NUMERIC question type ~ 10 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Fig 6: The expert system displays the diagnosis of the problem and the recommendation for treating the health problem. Knowledge Representation The main sources of the knowledge for this expert system are physician and specialized websites for the impact of the long period video game playing. The collected knowledge has been transformed into SL5 Object Knowledge base syntax: Facts, Rules and Objects. Currently the expert system has 31 rules which cover 3 major health problem. The core cause of this problems are the long period of playing video games. In numerous cases, physician may not discover a cause for the ache. When a cause is recognized, general explanations take account of [3, 31-33]:  Child will have pain in hands and wrists.  Child will have pain in the back and this can be in the lower back.  Child will have pain in the neck.  Child could be having tendon injuries on the hands or wrists.  Child may have an overweight problem.  Child could be having cause eye strain, on cornea, pupil, and iris.  Child may have headaches, dizziness, and evens chances of vomiting from focusing on a screen. Causes of Gamers Health Problems  Long time playing without any breaks.  Eat while playing.  Less healthy seats on the playing location.  Fatigue.  Migraines due to intense concentration or eye strain.  Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by the overuse of a controller or computer mouse.  Poor personal hygiene. Kids Video Games Health Problems As much as it hurt to observe your child health go down while he/she is playing video games, but you need to watch your kids gaming time and check what are the types of games that he is playing. Here are the top causes that need your handle as fast as you see them: If your kid plays for more than 1.5 hour, then you need to move him away to take a break from time to time. Typically accompanied by letting him busy with something different for about 10-minute rest. Hands and wrists pain, in this case happen from un-fitting controller to your kid hands size or from long time playing, and this solved by buying the correct size controller for your kid. Back and neck pain, are happened from un-healthy seats that are our kids seat on the playing time. Tendon injuries on the hands or wrists are situation happen with the escalating use of computers both in the home for recreational purposes and in schools for teaching, the possible incidence of hand and wrist problems may need to be highlighted. Perhaps "hand care" instruction should be implemented to solve this problem. Overweigh happens because playing games make the player hungry and encourage them to eat more fast food rather than the healthy food. Typically, this happens because of spending more time on playing games without stopping and this is not because they don't exercise, and this can solve by making exercise on the gym. Play games for hours, all of that staring can put a real strain on your eyes. Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is not one specific eye problem. Instead, the term encompasses a whole range of eye strain and pain experienced by computer users. Here are some home advices to deal with your kids before the problem got bigger:  Do not give the child the freedom to play games without check it is appropriated or not from its ESRB.  Avoid to let your kids play for more than 1.5 hours without any breaks.  Make a health seat and location for your kids playing.  Play with your kids selected video game while you can, so you can observe him in a real gaming situation.  Give your kids a nice massage from time to time. Conclusion In this paper, an expert system was developed for aiding ~ 11 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Physicians in diagnosing patients with possible Games Health Problems. This diagnosis is faster and more accurate than the traditional diagnosis which is done by physicians. This expert system does not require rigorous training to be used; it has a straightforward and user friendly interface. It was developed using SL5 Object expert system language. The results of the preliminary testing of the expert system was a success. Future Work This expert system is considered to be a base of future ones; more Gamers Health Problem are planned to be added to the expert system and to make it more accessible to users from anywhere at any time. References 1. Naser S.S.A., and N.A. Alaa, 2008. A Proposed Expert System for Skin Diseases Diagnosis. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 4 (12), 1682-1693 2. Naser, S.S.A., SL5 OBJECT: SIMPLER LEVEL 5 OBJECT EXPERT SYSTEM LANGUAGE. International Journal of Soft Computing, Mathematics and Control (IJSCMC), 2015, 4(4) , pp.25-37. 3. Freedman J., Media violence and its effect on aggression: assessing the scientific evidence. 2002; ISBN 0802084257. 4.  Accessed 20 July 2016. 5. Naser, S.S.A. and Ola, A.Z.A., 2008. AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSING EYE DISEASES USING CLIPS. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 4(10). Available:  Vol4No10/5Vol4No10.pdf 6. Abu Naser S.S, Baraka M., and Baraka A. A Proposed Expert System For Guiding Freshman Students In Selecting A Major In Al-Azhar University, Gaza, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. 2008;4(9):889-893. Available:  7. Abu Naser S.S, Kashkash K., and Fayyad M. Developing an Expert System for Plant Disease Diagnosis, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. 2008; 1(2):78-85. Available:  8. Wikipedia,  Accessed 20 July 2016. 9. Naser, S S.A. and ALmursheidi, S.H.., 2016. A Knowledge Based System for Neck Pain Diagnosis. World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development (WWJMRD), 2(4), pp.1218. 10. Durkin, J., 1994. Expert Systems: Design and Development, ISBN 0-02-330970-9, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 11. Giarratano, J. and G. Riley, 2004. Expert Systems: Principles and Programming, Fourth Edition. Boston, MA, Thomson/PWS Publishing Company. ISBN: 0534937446. 12. Talayeh Tabibi. 2012. An Expert System for Diabetes Diagnosis, American Academic & Scholarly Research Journal. 13. Russell, S. and P. Norvig, 2002. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Second Edition. ISBN 0-13-103805-2. 14. Abu-Naser, S.S., El-Hissi, H., Abu-Rass, M. and ElKhozondar, N., 2010. An expert system for endocrine diagnosis and treatments using JESS. Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 3(4), pp.239-251. 15. Naser, S.A., Al-Dahdooh, R., Mushtaha, A. and ElNaffar, M., 2010. Knowledge Management in ESMDA: Expert System for Medical Diagnostic Assistance. AIML Journal. 10(1). pp.31-40. 16. Naser, S.S.A. and Alhabbash, M.I., MALE INFERTILITY EXPERT SYSTEM DIAGNOSES AND TREATMENT. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences. 2016; 2(4). 17. Naser S.S.A. and Mahdi, A.O., A PROPOSED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR FOOT DISEASES DIAGNOSIS. American Journal of Innovative Research and Applied Sciences. 2016; 2(4):155-168. 18. Naser, S.S.A. and AlDahdooh, R.M., 2016. Lower Back Pain Expert System Diagnosis And Treatment. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science Studies (JMESS), 2(4). pp. 441-446 19. Naser, S.S.A. and Hamed, M.A., An Expert System for Mouth Problems in Infants and Children. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science Studies (JMESS). 2(4). Pp.468-476. 20. Abu Naser S.S, and Abu Hasanein H. Ear Diseases Diagnosis Expert System Using SL5 Object. World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development (WWJMRD). 2016; 2(4):41-47.  /vol%202/ issue %204/ pdf/18.1.pdf 21. Azaab, S., Abu Naser, S. and Sulisel, O., 2000. A proposed expert system for selecting exploratory factor analysis procedures. Journal of the college of education, 4(2), pp.9-26. 22. Randolph A. Miller, et al., "INTERNIST-1: An Experimental Computer-Based Diagnostic Consultant for General Internal Medicine," New England Journal of Medicine 307 (August 19, 1982): 468-76. 23. Buchanan, B.G.; Shortliffe, E.H. (1984). Rule Based Expert Systems: The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-10172-0. 24. Yoon, Y., R., P. Brobst, Bergstresser and L. Peterson, 1990. Computer-Based Medical Systems, Proceedings of Third Annual IEEE Symposium on Volume, 3-6: 306-312. 25. Wollina, U., 2005 Common skin diseases: uncommon presentations. Clinics in Dermatology, 23(5):443-445.  j.clindermatol. 2005. 01. 001. 26. Abu Naser S.S, and El Haddad I. An Expert System for Genital Problems in Infants, World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development(WWJMRD). 2016; 2(5). 27. Abu Naser S.S, and Bastami B. A Proposed Rule Based System for Breasts Cancer Diagnosis. World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development(WWJMRD). 2016; 2(5). pp. 27-33. 28. Abu Naser S.S, and Mohammed Zakaria Shaath. 2016. Expert system urination problems diagnosis, World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2(5). pp.9-19. 29. Naser S.S.A., Hilles M.M.,2016. An expert system for shoulder problems using CLIPS, World Wide Journal ~ 12 ~ World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development of Multidisciplinary Research and Development 2 (5), 1-8. 30.  Accessed 20 July 2016. 31. Safura Abdool Karim. Playstation thumb - a new epidemic in children. 2005; S. Afr. Med. J. 95(6). 32. Gillespie RM. The physical impact of computers and electronic game use on children and adolescents, a review of current literature. 2002; 18(3). 33. Rehbein F, Kleimann M, Mössle T. Prevalence and risk factors of video game dependency in adolescence: results of a German nationwide survey. 2010; 12(3). 34. Naser S.A. and Aead A.M.,2013. Variable Floor for Swimming Pool Using an Expert System Preparation of Papers for International Journal of. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER). 3(6). pp-3751-3755 35. Naser, S.S.A. and Al-Nakhal, M.A., A Ruled Based System for Ear Problem Diagnosis and Treatment. World Wide Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development,2(4). pp.25-31. 36. Naser S.S.A. and Al-Hanjori M. M., 2016. An expert system for men genital problems diagnosis and treatment. International Journal of Medicine Research,1(2).pp.83-86. 37. Abu Naser S.S. and Alawar M.W., 2016. An expert system for feeding problems in infants and children. International Journal of Medicine Research. 1(2).pp.79-82. 38. Abu Naser S.S. and El-Najjar A. A., 2016. An expert system for nausea and vomiting problems in infants and children, International Journal of Medicine Research. 1(2).pp.114-117.