hiv_protein_product
stringclasses
23 values
hiv_protein_name
stringclasses
23 values
interaction_type
stringlengths
5
34
human_protein_product
stringlengths
11
14
human_protein_name
stringlengths
4
132
reference_list
stringlengths
7
8.16k
description
stringlengths
19
256
hiv_protein_sequence
stringclasses
23 values
human_protein_sequence
stringlengths
54
5.89k
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19214216,19461879,19474106,20201792,20434978,20444900,20485522,20688520,20708210,21176220,21687426,21994744,22553496,23919512,24109238
Human-monkey tetherin chimeras reveal that the transmembrane domains (amino acids I33V, I36L, P40L, and T45I) of tetherin are determinants of sensitivity/resistance to Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19244337,19478868,19515779,19837671,20012522,20201792,20386718,20434978,20485522,20571604,20798829,20858517,20980512,21176220,21741003,21775465,21813615,21900423,21902775,21922073,21994665,21994744,21994772,22180752,22479182,22509177,22524176,22524177,22524179,22524180,22553496,22811908,23043100,23831603,24782851,24822052,25807049
HIV-1 Vpu interacts with BST-2 in the trans-Golgi network or in early endosomes, leading to lysosomal degradation of BST-2. Vpu-mediated downregulation of BST-2 depends on cellular ubiquitination machinery via betaTrCP
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19461879,20012522,20201792,20434978,20485522,21176220,21994744,22264038,22524177,23633949
Mutation of a single amino acid (T45I) in the transmembrane region of BST-2 results in insensitivity to HIV-1 Vpu while maintaining antiviral activity
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19474106,19515779,20012522,20147395,20201792,20434978,20485522,21176220,21994744,22180752,22524177,22553496,22811908,23633949
HIV-1 Vpu co-immunoprecipitates with BST-2 in HEK293T cells and in HeLa Tet-Off cells. Deletion of two leucine residues at positions 22 and 23 in tetherin diminishes its association with Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19474106,20012522,20147395,20201792,20434978,20485522,22180752,22524177,22553496,22811908
Deletion of amino acids leucine's 22/23 in BST-2 significantly diminishes its association with Vpu, leading to its resistance to antagonism by Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19478868,19730691,19837671,20012522,20078884,20201792,20386718,20434978,20485522,21176220,21237475,21310048,21610122,21674066,21741003,21902775,21994665,21994744,22524176,22524179,22524180,22811908,23514615,24574397,25759385,26656785
The betaTrCP binding motif DSGxxS of Vpu is required for optimal downregulation of BST-2 and enhancement of virion-release. Vpu serine (S52/S56) mutants are severely impaired for their ability to counteract tetherin antiviral activity
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19478868,20012522,20201792,20485522,22524177,24782851
The plasma membrane clathrin adaptor protein complex AP-2 (mu2) is required for optimal downregulation of cell surface BST-2 by Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
degrades
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19730691,20419159,20434978,20485522,22180752,22524179,22524180,23831603,24822052
Vpu requires a functional polyubiquitin/proteasome system for efficient tetherin degradation. K48R ubiquitin mutant partially blocks Vpu-mediated tetherin downregulation
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19730691,20485522,20858517,20980512,22479182,22524179
HIV-1 Vpu and beta-TrCP co-immunoprecipitate with tetherin
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
degrades
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19730691,21176220,22524180,23831603
A functional ER-associated degradation pathway is required for Vpu-induced tetherin degradation. P97 ATPase (VCP) knockdown partially impairs Vpu-mediated tetherin degradation
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19737401,20012522,20201792,20434978,20485522
Monomeric tetherin and non-glycosylated tetherin are expressed at the cell surface and are sensitive to Vpu-induced downregulation
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
19917491,19917496,20012522,20201792,20434978,20638642,20926557,21176220,21775465,21900423,21955466,21994744,22171785,22180752,22509177,22524175,22811908,22855686,24822052
HIV-1 Vpu proteins from nonpandemic HIV-1 O and P strains are poor mediators of human tetherin downregulation. Vpus from nonpandemic HIV-1 N strains are as good tetherin antagonists as those from pandemic HIV-1 M strains
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20019814
HIV-1 Vpu antagonizes the effects of BCA2 on HIV-1 particle production in ""tetherin-positive"" cells
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
relocalizes
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20147389,20529266,21176220,21610122,23633949
In HIV-1-producing cells, CD317 relocalizes predominantly to TfR-positive recycling endosomes, to EEA1-postive early endosomes, and to gin97-positive trans-Golgi network compartments, with some present on late endocytic structures
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
degrades
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20147395,20434978,20485522,20980512,21176220,21994744,22180752,22524177,22524178,22553496,22811908
Lysine residues (K18/K21) in tetherin are determinants for Vpu-mediated depletion of tetherin. This depletion, however, is dispenable for potent antagonism of the tetherin-mediated restriction of HIV-1 particle release
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20179761,20434978,20485522,21994744,22180752,22524177,22811908,23514615,23633949,24109238
HIV-1 Vpu interacts with CD317 via its transmembrane region (amino acids 4-27) in living cells
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
relocalizes
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20386718,20434978,20485522,21191020,21610122,21994665,21994744,22398279,22479182,22524180,24822052
Vpu interferes with tetherin trafficking to the cell-surface and causes a relocalization of the cellular tetherin with a TGN marker TGN46 in the TGN, suggesting Vpu-mediated antagonism of tetherin involves binding and sequestration of tetherin in the TGN
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
induces ubiquitination of
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20419159,20434978,20485522,20980512,21994744,22383521,22811908
Tetherin cytoplasmic tail lysine residues (K18 and K21) are ubiquitinated in the presence of HIV-1 Vpu and KSHV K5
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20861258,23831603
HIV-1 Vpu rescues the decreased production of infectious HIV-1 virions and restores the diminished reverse transcriptase activities of the culture supernatants as a result of BST-2 inhibition
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20920359,23223624
HIV-1 BF recombinant Vpu is associated with increased viral particle production when compared to WT B variant virus in tetherin-expressing cell lines
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20926557,21775465,22072710,22180752,22264038,22524177,22811908,23284757,23582304
Alanine-scanning mutagenesis and Ala-to-Leu replacement through the HIV-1 Vpu transmembrane domain (residues 5-28) reveals A14 and W22 are required for tetherin antagonism
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
induces ubiquitination of
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20980512,21994744,22180752,22383521,22524178
All potential acceptor sites (Ser3, Thr4, Ser5, Cys9, Lys18, Cys20, and Lys21) in the cytoplasmic domain of BST2 contribute to Vpu-induced ubiquitination
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
20980512,22524178
The STS sequence in the cytoplasmic domain of BST2 is required for optimal Vpu-mediated downregulation of BST2 from the cell surface and the counteraction of virion release by Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21068238,21994744,22180752,22264038,22524178,23919512,24822052
The residues including 22 to 24 and 34 to 42 of tetherin play a crucial role in the Vpu interaction. I34, L37, and L41 of tetherin are involved in the determination of Vpu susceptibility
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21191020,21902775
HIV-1 Vpu accelerates the turnover of mature endogenous BST-2 in both HeLa and CEMx174 cells. The interference of Vpu with the newly synthesized BST-2 results in the gradual depletion of cell surface BST-2
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21209114,21994744
Tetherin inhibits influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) virus-like particle (VLP) release, which is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21237475,21775465,23919512
HIV-1 Vpu-A18H downregulates the expression of BST-2 at the cell surface and enhances virion release inefficiently through a reduced interaction with BST-2
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21304933,22479182,22524179,22524180,22811908
HRS, an ESCRT-0 complex component, is required for the Vpu-induced downregulation of BST-2, indicating that Vpu-induced BST-2 degradation involves the ESCRT/MVB pathway
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21304933,22479182,22524180
HRS interacts with both HIV-1 Vpu and tetherin by co-precipitation analysis
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21304933,22524180
The v-ATPase VPS4 is required for Vpu-induced cell surface downregulation of BST-2
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21310048,22811908
Co-depletion of beta-TrCP1 and beta-TrCP2 support Vpu's activity to enhance virus release and to downregulate endogenous tetherin in TZM-bl cells
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21601230,21775465,21994744,22180752,22524177,23582304,24822052
HIV-1 Vpu transmembrane mutants A14N and A18N do not support virus release in the presence of CD317, suggesting that Ala residues at position 14 and 18 are required to antagonize CD317
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
binds
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21601230,22180752
HIV-1 Vpu ion channel mutant S23A binds and antagonizes CD317, indicating that its ion channel function is not correlated with its ability to downregulate cell surface CD317
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21607084,21994744,22180752,22524177
HIV-1 Vpu transmembrane domain mutants V9D and I19D fail to promote HIV-1 virion release and to downregulate cell surface tetherin
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21607084,22180752,22524178
HIV-1 Vpu cytoplasmic domain mutants S56G and E59K fail to enhance HIV-1 virion release but can reduce cell surface tetherin, suggesting that downregulation of cell surface tetherin and enhancement of virion release by Vpu are not always correlated
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
disrupts
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21610122
CD317 exhibits a fast recycling kinetic that is sensitive to treatment with primaquine, a strong recycling inhibitor. HIV-1 Vpu interferes with the recycling of CD317
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21687426,22509177,24227834
Rhesus BST2 inhibits the release of HIV-1 from cells and is resistant to HIV-1 Vpu. Transfer of residues 30-45 of human BST2 into rhesus BST2 is sufficient to confer sensitivity to Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
modulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21757214
Endogenous tetherin cell surface expression in T-cell lines H9, CEM-CCRF and CEM-SS are different and that affects HIV-1 Vpu-mediated tetherin modulation on virus release
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21775449
SHIV Vpu proteins can counteract human and rhesus BST-2
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21775465,24075872
The retention of HIV-1 Vpu from group O in ER-associated compartments confers a defect to antagonism even when interaction with tetherin is mediated through a chimeric TM domain
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21813615
Dominant negative dynamin 2 (K44A) acts as an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and that it inhibits the downregulation of BST-2 from the cell surface by HIV-1 Vpu and HIV-2 Env
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21813615,22479182
The C-terminal fragment of the clathrin assembly protein AP180 inhibits the downregulation of BST-2 from the cell surface by HIV-1 Vpu and HIV-2 Env
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21902775,24075872
HIV-1 Vpu downregulates cell-surface BST-2 levels without qualitatively affecting the distribution of the restriction factor at the plasma membrane in HIV-1-infected Jurkat cells
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
21955466,22180752,23919512,24075872
Analysis of the chimera HIV-1 Vpu proteins from group M and O shows that alanine-18 is important for group M Vpu localization and tetherin-Vpu interaction
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22072710,22264038
An N-terminal deletion and T45I substitution in the TMD of human tetherin render the protein unresponsive to antagonism by HIV-1 Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
binds
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22072710,22524177
NMR studies reveal that the 10AXXXAXXXAXXXW22 face of the Vpu transmembrane domain (TMD) directly binds to the large hydrophobic residues (aa 22-47) of the tetherin TMD in an anti-parallel manner
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22072966,22524180
Reduced HIV-1 release in Rab7A-depleted cells is related to expression of the restriction factor tetherin, suggesting that Rab7A contributes to the mechanism by which Vpu counteracts tetherin and rescues HIV-1 release
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22110710
BIT225, HIV-1 Vpu viroporin inhibitor, does not affect Vpu-tetherin interactions
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22222210
The putative cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus (CRAC) motif (residues 25-31) of HIV-1 Vpu mediates lipid raft association of Vpu, but is dispensable for the downregulation of cell surface BST-2
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22264038,22524177
A computer modeling method predicts that the interface is composed of Vpu residues I6, A10, A14, A18, V25 and W22, and BST-2 residues L23, I26, V30, I34, V35, L41, I42, and T45
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22315404
IFNalpha/ribavirin treatment in vivo induces APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and BST-2 expression and results in hyper-mutations in viral genome and A11G/S61A mutations in HIV-1 Vpu. These two mutations in Vpu enhances the interaction between BST-2 and Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22357275
Downregulation of CD4 and BST2 by HIV-1 Vpu is observed in HIV-1 infected humanized mice
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
degrades
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22405001,22524180,22811908
The ubiquitin associated protein 1 (UBAP1)-containing ESCRT-I is essential for degradation of antiviral cell-surface protein such as tetherin (BST-2/CD317) by HIV-1 Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22479182
HIV-1 Vpu E/L/V mutants interact with tetherin in infected cells and are incorporated into nascent virions in a tetherin-dependent manner
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
modulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22479182
Mutation of the 59EXXXLV64 motif in HIV-1 Vpu leads to endosomal and surface localization of Vpu and modulates the trafficking of tetherin
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22479182
Overexpression of clathrin coat-associated protein AP180 inhibits Vpu-mediated tetherin antagonism but adaptor protein-1, adaptor protein-2, and adaptor protein-3 are dispensable
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22479182,22524180,22811908,24843023
The 59EXXXLV64 motif in HIV-1 Vpu is required for Vpu-mediated tetherin downregulation. Vpu E/L/V mutant fails to downregulate tetherin but still interact with beta-TrCP2 and HRS (ESCRT-0)
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22520941
HIV-1 Vpu partially antagonizes the restriction of BST2 on HCV production and release from BST2 expressing Huh7.5 cells
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22530020
P40L/T45I mutations in human tetherin leads to drastically decreased susceptibility of the mutant to HIV-1 Vpu, while susceptibility to SIVden Vpu increases to 50%, suggesting that these two residues participate in the species-specific activity of Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22980332
Tetherin expression is upregulated following HIV-1 infection of monocytes-derived macrophages and is not fully downregulated by HIV-1 Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
22980333
HIV-1 Vpu from chimpanzee-adapted HIV-1 JC16 downregulates both human and chimpanzee tetherin proteins as efficiently as that of HIV-1 NL4-3 Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibited by
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23028328,24623426
Alternative translation initiation produces two isoforms of tetherin, l-isoform and s-isoform, which restrict HIV-1 (Vpu-) particle release, but only l-isoform is sentitive to counteraction by Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23047923
SCYL2 inhibits Vpu-induced BST2 and CD4 reduction at the cell surface by suppressing the phosphorylation of Vpu at positions Ser-52 and Ser-56
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23188559
Overexpression of BST2 and downregulation of HIV-1 Vpu in HIV-1 infected TZM-bl cells inhibit HIV-1 replication
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23201263
Tetherin delGPI mutant directly interacts with HIV-1 Vpu and inhibits Vpu-induced degradation of tetherin and CD4. Transient expression of tetherin delGPI mutant also inhibits infectious HIV-1 release in tetherin-positive cells
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23221546
HIV-1 Vpu inhibits endogenous expression BST2-induced NF-kappaB activity in cells, and the inhibition requires the beta-TrCP binding motif (residues 51-56; DSGxxS) in Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23284757
The cytoplasmic tail of HIV-1 Vpu, specifically within the cytoplasmic tail hinge region (amino acids 47-60), are required for downregulation of both human tetherin and gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope (GaLV Env)
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23308067
HIV-1 Vpu proteins from Cameroonian group N viruses are largely unable to downregulate tetherin. Four amino acid substitutions (E15A, V19A and IV25/26LL) in the transmembrane domain of N-Vpu allow efficient interaction with human tetherin
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23514615
Chimeras between the TMD of HIV-1 M Vpu and the cytoplasmic domains of SIVcpzPtt, SIVcpzPts, and SIVgor Vpu proteins are capable of counteracting human tetherin to enhance virion release
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23555649,23582304
HIV-1 Vpu variants from the group C show moderate virus release activity in comparison to group B Vpu variants. The TM domain from the inactive Vpu C is responsible for a significant decrease in egress activity and BST-2 downregulation
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23633949
The C-terminal alpha-helix (H2) of HIV-1 Vpu cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD) is sufficient to remove tetherin from sites of viral assembly and is necessary for full tetherin antagonist activity
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23633949
The residues Q2, P3, I4, A7, V20, V21, V25, I26, and I27 of the TM domain in HIV-1 Vpu form crosslinks with the residues LLL22-4, G27, I28, L29, P40, L41, I43, F44, T45, and I46 of the TM domain in tetherin
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
relocalizes
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23633949,24086611
Tetherin is in lipid rafts at the cell surface. Expression of HIV-1 Vpu relocalizes tetherin from the lipid rafts to intracellular endosome and lysosome compartments
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
23937976
Amino acid substitution variants of tetherin (Y8H, R19H, N49S, D103N, E117A, D129E and V146L) in human populations maintain its ability to restrict virion release but do not confer resistance to HIV-1 Vpu or SIVtan Env
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24036078
A combination of molecular dynamics simulations and docking approaches shows the lowest energy structure of Vpu-BST2, indicating that Leu-11/14/19/23 and Ile-10/15/18 in BST2 interact with the alanine rim (Ala-8/11/15/19) of Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24086611,25360760
Expression of HIV-1 Vpu induces co-localization of tetherin with early endosome protein EEA-1 or late endosome protein LAMP-1
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
interacts with
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24109238
BiFC assay demonstrates that the cytoplasmic domain (CD) of HIV-1 Vpu physically interacts with both human and rhesus tetherins. The (G/D)DIWK motif in the CD of rhesus tetherin is responsible for the interaction and the functional antagonism by Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24195843
HIV-1 Vpu-mediated BST-2 downregulation is critical for HIV-1 replication and propagation in vivo in a beta-TrCP dependent manner, especially at early times post-infection
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
relocalizes
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24257748
Biotinylation technique in living cells demonstrates that HIV-1 Vpu-induced ER-to-cytosol retro-translocation of tetherin is first exposed to the cytosol as a dimeric oxidized complex and then becomes deglycosylated and reduces to monomers
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24465210,24574397
Individual Vpu proteins isolated from chronically or acutely infected patients differ substantially in their CD4 and tetherin downregulation function at the cell surface
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24465210,25759385
HIV-1 Vpu mutations (A19E, E29K, II43,46SL, R49G/T, SN53,55RH, S53N, E58K) derived from HIV-1 infected patients have defects for both CD4 and tetherin downregulation
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24498878,24623433,24733916,25396265
RNAi-knockdown of tetherin, but not CD4 or NTB-A, increases the resistance of HIV-infected cells to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), suggesting Vpu protects infected cells from ADCC as a function of its ability to counteract tetherin
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24623426
HIV-1 group N Vpu from Togo downregulates both tetherin isoforms. HIV-2 Env, SIVmac Nef, and KSHV K5 target tetherin isoforms with equal efficiency
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24623433,25396265
The ability of HIV-1 Vpu to antagonize tetherin is important for the antibody opsonization of HIV-infected cells, which in turn increases FCGRIII (CD16) signaling
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
binds
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
24676648
The peptide BST2-TM-P1 competes with BST-2 binding to HIV-1 Vpu, resulting in restoration of the BST-2 level at HeLa-Vpu cell surface
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibited by
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
25347789
N-terminally deleted BST-2 inhibits HIV-1 Vpu-defective and wild-type HIV-1 particle release, and the BST-2 mutant impairs its activity to activate NF-kappaB activation
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
stabilizes
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
25360760
HIV-1 Vpu stabilizes human tetherin in African green monkey kidney COS cells and still counteracts the ability of tetherin to suppress virus release
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
disrupts
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
25759385
HIV-1 Vpu disrupts the co-localization between HIV-1 Gag and tetherin in a Trp-76-dependent manner in HeLa P4-R5 cells
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
relocalizes
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26172439
Vpu relocalizes/redistributes BST2 outside assembly sites in primary CD4+ T cells and in SupT1 cells expressing the short BST2 isoform
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
requires
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26172439
Vpu-mediated modulation of IFN-1 production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells requires the presence of BST2 on infected donor cells
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
requires
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26172439
Vpu-mediated suppresion of IFN-1 production requires engagement and activation of the LILRA4 (ILT7) plasmacytoid dendritic cell receptor by BST2
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26184634
HIV-1 Vpus from transmission/founder virus clones downregulates BST2 (Tetherin) but do not efficiently downregulate CD4
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26184634
Vpu from most transmission/founder HIV-1 downregulates BST2 and significantly correlates with level of virus release but did not efficiently downregulate CD4
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26215564
HIV-1 (NL4-3) Vpu downregulates BST2 via a cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex-independent mechanism
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26215564,26439863
HIV-1 Vpu downregulates cell (CEMT4, Primary CD4+ T cells) surface expression of BST2 (tetherin)
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
counteracts
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26317613
Vpu counteracts BST2 (tetherin) antiviral activity in HIV-1 transduced cells (293T vs 293T stably expressing BST2(tetherin))
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
antagonizes
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26385832
HIV-1 Vpu antagonizes BST2 restiction of HIV-1 replication as demonstrated via mathematical modeling
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
downregulates
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
26656785
HIV-1 (NL4-3) Vpu downregulates BST2 (CD317/Tetherin); downregulation is dependent on the presence of serines at positions 52 and 56 in Vpu
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
increases
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
27103333
HIV-1 Vpu (membrane proximal basic residues required) increases the levels of a 23-kDa form of unglycosylated tetherin (transmembrane domain required) in the presence of overexpressed SGTA whereby the C-terminus of SGTA is required for this to occur
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ
NP_057855.1
Vpu
inhibits
NP_004326.1
bone marrow stromal antigen 2 precursor
27654287
HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, D, and G Vpus inhibit tetherin and allow for HIV-1 release
MQPIPIVAIVALVVAIIIAIVVWSIVIIEYRKILRQRKIDRLIDRLIERAEDSGNESEGEISALVEMGVEMGHHAPWDVDDL
MASTSYDYCRVPMEDGDKRCKLLLGIGILVLLIIVILGVPLIIFTIKANSEACRDGLRAVMECRNVTHLLQQELTEAQKGFQDVEAQAATCNHTVMALMASLDAEKAQGQKKVEELEGEITTLNHKLQDASAEVERLRRENQVLSVRIADKKYYPSSQDSSSAAAPQLLIVLLGLSALLQ