▁speech ▁in ▁the ▁port folio ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁argued ▁that ▁" Austral ia ▁must ... ▁populate ▁or ▁per ish ". ▁ ▁However ▁Hugh es ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁res ign ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁after ▁his ▁book ▁Australia ▁and ▁the ▁War ▁Today ▁exposed ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁prepar ation ▁in ▁Australia ▁for ▁what ▁Hugh es ▁correctly ▁supposed ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁coming ▁war . ▁ ▁So on ▁after , ▁the ▁Ly ons ▁government ▁triple d ▁the ▁defence ▁budget . ▁In ▁the ▁book , ▁Hugh es ▁described ▁san ctions ▁as ▁" e ither ▁an ▁empty ▁gesture , ▁or ▁war ", ▁contradict ing ▁Cab inet ' s ▁decision ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁League ▁of ▁Nations ▁policy ▁of ▁san ctions ▁after ▁Italy ▁had ▁inv aded ▁A by ss in ia . ▁ ▁Def ence ▁issues ▁ ▁became ▁increasing ly ▁dominant ▁in ▁public ▁affairs ▁with ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁fasc ism ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁milit ant ▁Japan ▁in ▁Asia . ▁Sc ar red ▁by ▁the ▁experiences ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁Australia ▁rel uct antly ▁prepared ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁war , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁prim acy ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁would ▁prove ▁ins u fficient ▁to ▁defend ▁Australia ▁from ▁attack ▁from ▁the ▁north . ▁Billy ▁Hugh es ▁was ▁brought ▁back ▁into ▁cabinet ▁by ▁Ly ons ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁and ▁appointed ▁Minister ▁for ▁External ▁Affairs ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁From ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁Ly ons ▁used ▁Hugh es ▁to ▁head ▁a ▁rec ruit ment ▁drive