▁from ▁the ▁nation ▁and ▁not ▁from ▁the ▁Sultan , ▁the ▁absolute ▁monarch ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁The ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁Constitution ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁legal ▁basis ▁for ▁the ▁Turkish ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁during ▁ 1 9 1 9 – 1 9 2 3 , ▁since ▁it ▁would ▁ref ute ▁the ▁principles ▁of ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁S è v res ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁signed ▁by ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire , ▁by ▁which ▁a ▁great ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁Empire ' s ▁territory ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁be ▁c eded ▁to ▁the ▁Ent ente ▁powers ▁that ▁had ▁won ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁the ▁constitution ▁was ▁am ended ▁to ▁declare ▁Turkey ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁republic . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁the ▁constitution ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁an ▁entirely ▁new ▁document , ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Constitution ▁of ▁ 1 9 2 4 . ▁ ▁Ab ol ition ▁of ▁Sultan ate ▁( 1 9 2 2 ) ▁▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Sultan ate ▁was ▁abol ished ▁by ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Grand ▁National ▁Assembly ▁and ▁Sultan ▁Me h med ▁VI ▁depart ed ▁the ▁country . ▁ ▁This ▁allowed ▁the ▁Turkish ▁national ist ▁government ▁in ▁An k ara ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁sole ▁gover ning ▁entity ▁in ▁the ▁nation . ▁ ▁Me h med ▁VI ▁sought ▁refuge ▁ab o ard ▁the ▁British ▁war ship ▁Mal aya ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 7 .