▁have ▁started ▁from ▁very ▁fin ely ▁tun ed , ▁or ▁" special " ▁initial ▁conditions ▁at ▁the ▁Big ▁Bang . ▁In fl ation ▁theory ▁largely ▁resol ves ▁these ▁problems ▁as ▁well , ▁thus ▁making ▁a ▁universe ▁like ▁our s ▁much ▁more ▁likely ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁Big ▁Bang ▁theory . ▁According ▁to ▁Roger ▁Pen rose , ▁infl ation ▁does ▁not ▁solve ▁the ▁main ▁problem ▁it ▁was ▁supposed ▁to ▁solve , ▁namely ▁the ▁incred ibly ▁low ▁entropy ▁( with ▁un lik el iness ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁on ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁ 1 / 1 0 1 0 1 2 8   ⁠ ) ▁of ▁the ▁early ▁Un iverse ▁contained ▁in ▁the ▁gravit ational ▁conform al ▁degrees ▁of ▁freedom ▁( in ▁contrast ▁to ▁fields ▁degrees ▁of ▁freedom , ▁such ▁like ▁the ▁cos mic ▁mic row ave ▁background ▁which ▁smooth ness ▁can ▁be ▁explained ▁by ▁infl ation ). ▁Thus , ▁he ▁puts ▁forward ▁his ▁scenario ▁of ▁the ▁evolution ▁of ▁the ▁Un iverse : ▁conform al ▁cy clic ▁cosm ology . ▁ ▁No ▁field ▁responsible ▁for ▁cos mic ▁infl ation ▁has ▁been ▁discovered . ▁However ▁such ▁a ▁field , ▁if ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁future , ▁would ▁be ▁scalar . ▁The ▁first ▁similar ▁scalar ▁field ▁proven ▁to ▁exist ▁was ▁only ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁- ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁is ▁still ▁being ▁research ed . ▁So ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁seen ▁as ▁problem atic ▁that ▁a ▁field ▁responsible ▁for ▁cos mic ▁infl ation ▁and ▁the ▁metric ▁expansion ▁of ▁space ▁has ▁not ▁yet ▁been ▁discovered