▁Up an ish ad ▁is : ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁the ▁concept ▁▁ ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁m ok sha , ▁according ▁to ▁Daniel ▁Ing alls , ▁represented ▁one ▁of ▁many ▁exp ans ions ▁in ▁H indu ▁V edic ▁ideas ▁of ▁life ▁and ▁after life . ▁In ▁the ▁V ed as , ▁there ▁were ▁three ▁stages ▁of ▁life : ▁student ship , ▁household ship ▁and ▁ret irement . ▁During ▁the ▁Up an ish adic ▁era , ▁H indu ism ▁expanded ▁this ▁to ▁include ▁a ▁fourth ▁stage ▁of ▁life : ▁complete ▁abandon ment . ▁In ▁V edic ▁literature , ▁there ▁are ▁three ▁modes ▁of ▁experience : ▁w aking , ▁dream ▁and ▁deep ▁sleep . ▁The ▁Up an ish adic ▁era ▁expanded ▁it ▁to ▁include ▁t uri y am ▁- ▁the ▁stage ▁beyond ▁deep ▁sleep . ▁The ▁V ed as ▁suggest ▁three ▁goals ▁of ▁man : ▁k ama , ▁ar tha ▁and ▁d har ma . ▁To ▁these , ▁the ▁Up an ish adic ▁era ▁added ▁m ok sha . ▁ ▁The ▁accept ance ▁of ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁m ok sha ▁in ▁some ▁schools ▁of ▁H indu ▁philosophy ▁was ▁slow . ▁These ▁refused ▁to ▁recognize ▁m ok sha ▁for ▁centuries , ▁considering ▁it ▁irrelevant . ▁The ▁M im ams a ▁school , ▁for ▁example , ▁denied ▁the ▁goal ▁and ▁relev ance ▁of ▁m ok sha ▁well ▁into ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁century ▁AD , ▁until ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁a ▁M im ams a ▁scholar ▁named ▁K umar ila . ▁Instead ▁of ▁m ok sha , ▁M