9 8 % ▁are ▁claimed ▁▁ ▁increased ▁ref ining ▁intensity ▁– ▁this ▁reduces ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁electro ly t ic ▁cells ▁needed ▁in ▁a ▁ref in ery ▁and ▁its ▁capital ▁cost ▁because ▁the ▁gap ▁between ▁the ▁an odes ▁and ▁the ▁c ath odes ▁can ▁be ▁nar ro wer ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁lower ▁risk ▁of ▁short ▁circ uits ▁and ▁because ▁the ▁current ▁density ▁can ▁be ▁increased , ▁making ▁the ▁ref ining ▁process ▁faster . ▁Re fin eries ▁operating ▁with ▁the ▁Isa K idd ▁technology ▁can ▁achieve ▁current ▁dens ities ▁of ▁ 3 3 0 ▁am per es ▁per ▁square ▁meter ▁( “ A / m 2 ” ) ▁of ▁c ath ode ▁area , ▁whereas ▁a ▁ref in ery ▁using ▁st arter ▁sheets ▁can ▁only ▁operate ▁at ▁around ▁ 2 4 0 ▁A / m 2 ▁▁ ▁shorter ▁c ath ode ▁cycles ▁– ▁shorter ▁c ath ode ▁cycles ▁are ▁possible ▁using ▁the ▁Isa K idd ▁technology , ▁which ▁reduces ▁the ▁metal ▁invent ory ▁and ▁means ▁that ▁the ▁ref in ery ▁or ▁S X – E W ▁operator ▁is ▁paid ▁more ▁quickly ▁ ▁shorter ▁an ode ▁cycles ▁– ▁the ▁higher ▁intensity ▁of ▁the ▁ref ining ▁also ▁results ▁in ▁about ▁a ▁ 1 2 % ▁reduction ▁in ▁an ode ▁cycle ▁time , ▁also ▁reducing ▁the ▁metal ▁invent ory ▁▁▁▁ ▁uniform ▁c ath ode ▁co pper ▁sheets ▁for ▁ease ▁of ▁transport ▁– ▁the ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁dimensions ▁of ▁the ▁co pper ▁sheets ▁made ▁possible ▁by ▁the ▁Isa K idd ▁technology , ▁provides ▁uniform ▁c ath ode ▁bund