rive gn ée , ▁ 3 0 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 3 – ▁Vor st , ▁August ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Belg ian ▁politician , ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁resistance ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁and ▁commun ist . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁G ri ppa ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁Italian ▁imm igr ant ▁Jean ▁G ri ppa ▁( 1 8 8 6 - 1 9 4 5 ) ▁and ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁woman ▁St é ph anie ▁Be cco ▁( 1 8 8 8 - 1 9 3 5 ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁he ▁studied ▁for ▁engineer ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Li ège ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁Commun ist ▁Party . ▁ ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁G ri ppa ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁resistance . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁he ▁was ▁imprison ed ▁as ▁a ▁political ▁prisoner ▁at ▁Fort ▁Bre end onk . ▁He ▁was ▁tort ured , ▁but ▁refused ▁to ▁bet ray ▁anybody ▁and ▁was ▁therefore ▁sent ▁to ▁Buch en wald . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁war ▁he ▁became ▁head ▁of ▁cabinet ▁at ▁the ▁min istry ▁of ▁War ▁Vict ims , ▁where ▁he ▁o vers aw ▁the ▁treatment ▁of ▁political ▁prisoners . ▁He ▁was ▁als ▁chief ▁of ▁cabinet ▁for ▁Jean ▁Bor rem ans , ▁who ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁Minister ▁of ▁Civil ▁Works . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁he ▁was ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁Commun ist ▁Party ▁because ▁he