, ▁he ▁entered ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁States ▁Army ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁its ▁most ▁senior ▁general ▁officers . ▁ ▁John ston ▁was ▁trained ▁as ▁a ▁civil ▁engineer ▁at ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁at ▁West ▁Point , ▁New ▁York , ▁ ▁gradu ating ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁class ▁as ▁Robert ▁E . ▁Lee . ▁He ▁served ▁in ▁Florida , ▁Texas , ▁and ▁Kansas . ▁By ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁he ▁achieved ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁brig ad ier ▁general ▁as ▁Qu arter master ▁General ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army . ▁ ▁John ston ' s ▁effect iveness ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War ▁was ▁under cut ▁by ▁t ensions ▁with ▁Confeder ate ▁president ▁Jefferson ▁Davis . ▁Vict ory ▁el ud ed ▁him ▁in ▁most ▁campaign s ▁he ▁personally ▁commanded . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁senior ▁Confeder ate ▁commander ▁at ▁the ▁First ▁Battle ▁of ▁Bull ▁Run ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁but ▁the ▁victory ▁is ▁usually ▁cred ited ▁to ▁his ▁sub ordinate , ▁P . G . T . ▁Be a ure g ard . ▁John ston ▁def ended ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁capital ▁of ▁Richmond , ▁Virginia , ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁Pen ins ula ▁Camp aign , ▁withdraw ing ▁under ▁the ▁pressure ▁of ▁Union ▁Maj . ▁Gen . ▁George ▁B . ▁McC le ll an ' s ▁superior ▁force . ▁He ▁suffered ▁a ▁severe ▁w ound ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Seven ▁P ines , ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Robert ▁E . ▁Lee . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 6