▁these ▁intelligence ▁studies ▁present ▁eth ical ▁issues . ▁A ▁large ▁concern ▁for ▁the ▁general ▁population ▁is ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁race ▁and ▁intelligence . ▁While ▁little ▁variation ▁has ▁been ▁found ▁between ▁ra cial ▁groups , ▁the ▁public ▁per ception ▁of ▁intelligence ▁studies ▁has ▁been ▁neg atively ▁impact ed ▁by ▁concerns ▁of ▁rac ism . ▁It ▁is ▁important ▁to ▁consider ▁the ▁consequences ▁of ▁studies ▁that ▁investigate ▁intelligence ▁differences ▁in ▁population - groups ▁( ra cial ▁or ▁eth nic ) ▁and ▁if ▁it ▁is ▁eth ical ▁to ▁conduct ▁these ▁studies . ▁A ▁study ▁suggesting ▁that ▁one ▁group ▁is ▁bi olog ically ▁more ▁intellig ent ▁than ▁another ▁may ▁cause ▁t ension . ▁This ▁has ▁made ▁neu ros cient ists ▁rel uct ant ▁to ▁investigate ▁individual ▁or ▁group ▁differences ▁in ▁intelligence , ▁as ▁they ▁may ▁be ▁perce ived ▁as ▁rac ist . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁human ▁intelligence ▁Int elligence ▁Psych omet rics ▁Neu ros cience ▁and ▁intelligence ▁Ne uro im aging ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Int elligence ▁Category : Ne uro im aging <0x0A> </s> ▁An om alous ▁X - ray ▁scatter ing ▁A X RS ▁or ▁X R AS ▁is ▁a ▁non - dest ruct ive ▁determ ination ▁technique ▁within ▁X - ray ▁diff raction ▁that ▁makes ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁anom alous ▁disp ersion ▁that ▁occurs ▁when ▁a ▁w avel ength ▁is ▁selected ▁that ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁an ▁absor ption ▁edge ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁constitu ent ▁elements ▁of ▁the ▁sample . ▁It ▁is ▁used ▁in ▁materials ▁research ▁to