▁and ▁direct ▁future ▁action ▁to ▁resolve ▁conflicts . ▁The ▁Constitution ▁out lines ▁the ▁U . S . ▁jud icial ▁system . ▁In ▁the ▁Jud ici ary ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 7 8 9 , ▁Congress ▁began ▁to ▁fill ▁in ▁details . ▁Currently , ▁Title ▁ 2 8 ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Code ▁describes ▁jud icial ▁powers ▁and ▁administration . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Congress , ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁just ices ▁rode ▁circuit ▁to ▁sit ▁as ▁pan els ▁to ▁hear ▁appe als ▁from ▁the ▁district ▁courts . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 1 , ▁Congress ▁en act ed ▁a ▁new ▁system . ▁District ▁courts ▁would ▁have ▁original ▁juris diction . ▁Inter mediate ▁app ell ate ▁courts ▁( circ uit ▁courts ) ▁with ▁exclusive ▁juris diction ▁heard ▁regional ▁appe als ▁before ▁consideration ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court . ▁The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁holds ▁dis cret ion ary ▁juris diction , ▁meaning ▁that ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁to ▁hear ▁every ▁case ▁that ▁is ▁brought ▁to ▁it . ▁ ▁To ▁en force ▁jud icial ▁dec isions , ▁the ▁Constitution ▁gr ants ▁federal ▁courts ▁both ▁criminal ▁cont empt ▁and ▁civil ▁cont empt ▁powers . ▁The ▁court ' s ▁summary ▁pun ishment ▁for ▁cont empt ▁immediately ▁over rides ▁all ▁other ▁pun ish ments ▁applicable ▁to ▁the ▁subject ▁party . ▁Other ▁imp lied ▁powers ▁include ▁inj unct ive ▁relief ▁and ▁the ▁habe as ▁cor pus ▁rem edy . ▁The ▁Court ▁may ▁imprison ▁for ▁cont um acy , ▁bad - fa ith ▁lit ig ation , ▁and ▁failure ▁to ▁obey