▁leadership ▁and ▁policy ▁research . ▁We ▁take ▁a ▁hol istic ▁approach ▁integr ating ▁public ▁and ▁private ▁management ▁principles ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁different ▁research ▁trad itions ; ▁- ▁to ▁contribute ▁to ▁strength en ▁the ▁quality ▁of ▁European ▁management ▁practices ▁by ▁providing ▁best ▁practices ▁and ▁raising ▁aw aren ess ; ▁- ▁to ▁contribute ▁to ▁the ▁debate ▁on ▁the ▁future ▁of ▁public ▁policies ▁from ▁a ▁manager ial ▁point ▁of ▁view ▁ ▁Man agers ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁Though ▁leg ally ▁considered ▁as ▁employees , ▁man agers ▁are ▁expected ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁management ’ s ▁responsibility ▁for ▁the ▁workers ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁company . ▁Man agers ▁assume ▁essential ▁duties ▁which ▁involve ▁respons ib ilities , ▁compet ences ▁and ▁professional ism ▁in ▁the ▁management ▁and ▁implementation ▁of ▁corpor ate ▁and ▁institution al ▁object ives . ▁Le aders ▁of ▁this ▁type ▁share ▁common ▁soci ological ▁characteristics ▁and ▁interests . ▁This ▁is ▁why ▁the ▁European ▁Parliament ▁express ly ▁supported ▁man agers ’ ▁ent it lement ▁to ▁a ▁separate ▁and ▁independent ▁representation ▁not ▁only ▁on ▁national ▁but ▁also ▁on ▁European ▁level . ▁This ▁group ▁of ▁employees ▁is ▁stead ily ▁increasing ▁with ▁the ▁continu ing ▁development ▁of ▁information ▁and ▁communic ations ▁techn ologies ▁and ▁of ▁new ▁forms ▁of ▁labour ▁organisation . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁ ▁Team ▁man aging ▁▁▁ ▁President : ▁- ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁: ▁Lud ger ▁Ram me ▁( G erm any ) ▁ ▁- ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1