▁poor ▁quality ▁of ▁school ing ▁can ▁be ▁attributed ▁to ▁low ▁teacher ▁qual ification ▁levels , ▁poor ▁physical ▁conditions , ▁and ▁lack ▁of ▁access ▁to ▁materials . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁high ▁rate ▁of ▁grade ▁repet ition ▁and ▁drop out , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁effective ▁monitoring . ▁ ▁Primary ▁school ▁is ▁considered ▁mand atory ▁and ▁is ▁free ▁of ▁charge . ▁Primary ▁school ▁en roll ment ▁has ▁fallen ▁over ▁the ▁past ▁ 3 0 ▁years , ▁with ▁a ▁peak ▁of ▁ 1 7 7 . 5 8 2 ▁percent ▁gross ▁en roll ment ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁to ▁the ▁current ▁gross ▁en roll ment ▁rate ▁of ▁ 6 1 . 7 7 5 ▁percent . ▁Near ly ▁ 4 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁students ▁drop ▁out ▁of ▁primary ▁school . ▁At ▁the ▁primary ▁school ▁level , ▁en roll ment ▁is ▁relatively ▁equal ▁across ▁different ▁income ▁qu int iles . ▁Upon ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁primary ▁level , ▁students ▁take ▁a ▁test ▁to ▁receive ▁the ▁Cert ification ▁of ▁Primary ▁Studies , ▁which ▁determ ines ▁whether ▁a ▁student ▁should ▁continue ▁to ▁the ▁secondary ▁level ▁or ▁opt ▁for ▁professional ▁training . ▁ ▁Second ary ▁education ▁is ▁volunt ary , ▁covering ▁six ▁years . ▁The ▁majority ▁of ▁Equ at og u ine ans ▁do ▁not ▁receive ▁secondary ▁education . ▁Access ▁is ▁much ▁lower , ▁and ▁in equal ities ▁are ▁evident , ▁as ▁the ▁rich est ▁qu int ile ▁is ▁en rolled ▁at ▁four ▁times ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁the ▁poor est . ▁Currently , ▁the ▁Program ▁for