▁included ▁Pres idents ▁Jimmy ▁Carter ▁( D ) ▁and ▁Ger ald ▁Ford ▁( R ), ▁plus ▁Republican ▁U . S . ▁Senator ▁Barry ▁Gold water ▁and ▁Democratic ▁U . S . ▁Sen ators ▁George ▁McG overn ▁and ▁William ▁Pro x m ire ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁nation ally ▁known ▁figures . ▁ ▁Origin ally ▁based ▁at ▁Oregon ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁Cor v all is , ▁Oregon , ▁P VS ▁established ▁its ▁headquarters ▁and ▁research ▁center ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁at ▁the ▁Great ▁Div ide ▁R anch ▁near ▁Phili ps burg , ▁Mont ana . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁V ote ▁Sm art ▁added ▁a ▁branch ▁at ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Arizona ▁in ▁T uc son , ▁Arizona . ▁Co inc ident ▁with ▁this ▁move , ▁V ote ▁Sm art ▁gave ▁its ▁president ▁Richard ▁Kim ball ▁a ▁pay ▁increase ▁that ▁was ▁critic ized ▁by ▁some ▁al umn i ▁and ▁contributed ▁to ▁a ▁reduction ▁in ▁its ▁Char ity ▁N avigator ▁score . ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁T uc son ▁office ▁was ▁closed ▁in ▁prepar ation ▁for ▁two ▁new ▁satellite ▁research ▁offices . ▁The ▁reason ▁for ▁the ▁closure ▁of ▁the ▁T uc son ▁branch ▁was ▁also ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁university ' s ▁budget ▁cut s , ▁which ▁elimin ated ▁V ote ▁Sm art ' s ▁" rent - free ▁space ▁at ▁a ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 - ▁square - foot ▁house ▁off ▁the ▁main ▁campus ." ▁▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 ,