. ▁And ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁problem ▁for ▁the ▁people ▁whose ▁libert ies ▁may ▁now ▁be ▁imp a ired ▁not ▁by ▁an ▁independent ▁decision maker ▁seeking ▁to ▁declare ▁the ▁law ' s ▁meaning ▁as ▁fairly ▁as ▁possible ▁— ▁the ▁decision maker ▁promised ▁to ▁them ▁by ▁law ▁— ▁but ▁by ▁an ▁av owed ly ▁polit ic ized ▁administrative ▁agent ▁seeking ▁to ▁purs ue ▁whatever ▁policy ▁wh im ▁may ▁rule ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁Sub sequently , ▁in ▁Water keeper ▁Alliance ▁v . ▁E PA ▁ ▁the ▁court ▁did ▁not ▁de fer ▁to ▁the ▁ag ency ' s ▁interpretation .</ Block quote > ▁ ▁State ▁At ▁the ▁state ▁level , ▁Arizona ▁has ▁stat utor ily ▁over turn ed ▁Che v ron ▁de ference ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁most ▁of ▁its ▁own ▁ag encies . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁state ' s ▁governor ▁Doug ▁Du ce y ▁signed ▁H B ▁ 2 2 3 8 ▁into ▁law , ▁which ▁states ▁in ▁relevant ▁part , ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁proceed ing ▁brought ▁by ▁or ▁against ▁the ▁reg ulated ▁party , ▁the ▁court ▁shall ▁decide ▁all ▁questions ▁of ▁law , ▁including ▁the ▁interpretation ▁of ▁a ▁constitution al ▁or ▁stat ut ory ▁provision ▁or ▁a ▁rule ▁adopted ▁by ▁an ▁ag ency , ▁without ▁de ference ▁to ▁any ▁previous ▁determ ination ▁that ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁made ▁on ▁the ▁question ▁by ▁the ▁ag ency . ▁ ▁The ▁bill ▁explicitly ▁ex empt s ▁health ▁care ▁appe als ▁and ▁actions ▁of ▁ag encies ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁state ' s ▁Corporation ▁Commission