▁by ▁self - fer til isation . ▁This ▁assumption ▁is ▁often ▁viol ated ▁in ▁wild ▁plant ▁populations , ▁where ▁in bre eding ▁may ▁be ▁due ▁to ▁out cross ing ▁between ▁closely ▁related ▁plants . ▁For ▁example , ▁in ▁dense ▁stands , ▁m ating ▁often ▁occurs ▁between ▁plants ▁in ▁close ▁proxim ity ; ▁and ▁in ▁plants ▁with ▁short ▁seed ▁dispers al ▁distances , ▁plants ▁are ▁often ▁closely ▁related ▁to ▁their ▁nearest ▁neighb ours . ▁When ▁both ▁these ▁criteria ▁are ▁met , ▁plants ▁will ▁tend ▁to ▁be ▁closely ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁near ▁neighb ours ▁with ▁which ▁they ▁mate , ▁resulting ▁in ▁significant ▁in bre eding . ▁In ▁such ▁a ▁scenario , ▁the ▁mixed ▁m ating ▁model ▁will ▁attribute ▁all ▁in bre eding ▁to ▁self - fer til isation , ▁and ▁therefore ▁over est imate ▁the ▁extent ▁of ▁self - fer til isation ▁occurr ing . ▁The ▁effective ▁self ing ▁model ▁takes ▁into ▁account ▁the ▁potential ▁for ▁in bre eding ▁to ▁occur ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁out cross ing ▁between ▁closely ▁related ▁plants , ▁by ▁considering ▁the ▁extent ▁of ▁kin ship ▁between ▁m ates . ▁ ▁Ult imately , ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁possible ▁to ▁te ase ▁apart ▁the ▁two ▁potential ▁causes ▁of ▁in bre eding , ▁and ▁attributed ▁the ▁observed ▁in bre eding ▁to ▁one ▁cause ▁or ▁the ▁other . ▁Therefore , ▁just ▁as ▁with ▁the ▁mixed ▁m ating ▁model , ▁in ▁the ▁effective ▁self ing ▁model ▁there ▁is ▁only ▁one ▁parameter ▁to ▁be ▁estimated . ▁However ▁this ▁parameter , ▁term ed ▁the ▁effective ▁self ing