partial ▁mer it ocracy ▁in ▁government ▁which ▁should ▁be ▁based ▁on ▁talent , ▁not ▁blood ▁relations . ▁Moz i ▁was ▁against ▁Conf u cian ▁rit ual ism , ▁instead ▁emphas izing ▁p rag m atic ▁surv ival ▁through ▁far ming , ▁fort ification , ▁and ▁state craft . ▁Trad ition ▁is ▁incons istent , ▁and ▁human ▁be ings ▁need ▁an ▁extra - trad itional ▁guide ▁to ▁identify ▁which ▁trad itions ▁are ▁acceptable . ▁The ▁moral ▁guide ▁must ▁then ▁promote ▁and ▁encou rage ▁social ▁behav iors ▁that ▁maxim ize ▁general ▁benefit . ▁As ▁motiv ation ▁for ▁his ▁theory , ▁Moz i ▁brought ▁in ▁the ▁Will ▁of ▁Heaven , ▁but ▁rather ▁than ▁being ▁religious ▁his ▁philosophy ▁par alle ls ▁util itar ian ism . ▁ ▁Moh ism ▁was ▁also ▁associated ▁with ▁and ▁influenced ▁by ▁a ▁separate ▁philosoph ical ▁school ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Names ▁( M í ng ji ā ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁' Log icians '), ▁which ▁focused ▁on ▁philosophy ▁of ▁language , ▁definition ▁and ▁logic . ▁ ▁T ao ism ▁ ▁T ao ism ▁( or ▁D ao ism ) ▁is ▁a ▁term ▁for ▁various ▁philosoph ies ▁and ▁religious ▁systems ▁which ▁emphas ize ▁harm ony ▁with ▁the ▁T ao ▁( Ch inese : ▁ 道 ; ▁p iny in : ▁D à o ; ▁literally : ▁" the ▁Way ") ▁which ▁is ▁seen ▁as ▁the ▁principle ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁source , ▁pattern ▁and ▁subst ance ▁of ▁everything ▁that ▁exists . ▁T ao ism ▁tends ▁to ▁emphas ize ▁virt ues ▁such ▁as