▁in ▁profit ▁and ▁re venue ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁directly ▁attributed ▁to ▁the ▁wider ▁accept ance ▁of ▁citiz en ▁produced ▁media ▁as ▁an ▁official ▁source ▁of ▁information . ▁ ▁Definition ▁ ▁Many ▁people ▁prefer ▁the ▁term ▁' part icip atory ▁media ' ▁to ▁' cit izen ▁media ' ▁as ▁citiz en ▁has ▁a ▁necessary ▁relation ▁to ▁a ▁concept ▁of ▁the ▁nation - state . ▁The ▁fact ▁that ▁many ▁millions ▁of ▁people ▁are ▁considered ▁stat eless ▁and ▁often ▁without ▁citizens hip ▁limits ▁the ▁concept ▁to ▁those ▁recogn ised ▁only ▁by ▁govern ments . ▁Additionally ▁the ▁very ▁global ▁nature ▁of ▁many ▁particip atory ▁media ▁initi atives , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Independent ▁Media ▁Center , ▁makes ▁talking ▁of ▁journal ism ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁a ▁particular ▁nation - state ▁largely ▁redundant ▁as ▁its ▁production ▁and ▁dis sem ination ▁do ▁not ▁recogn ise ▁national ▁boundaries . ▁ ▁A ▁different ▁way ▁of ▁understanding ▁Cit izen ▁Media ▁emer ged ▁from ▁cultural ▁studies ▁and ▁the ▁observations ▁made ▁from ▁within ▁this ▁theoretical ▁frame ▁work ▁about ▁how ▁the ▁circuit ▁of ▁mass ▁communication ▁was ▁never ▁complete ▁and ▁always ▁cont ested , ▁since ▁the ▁personal , ▁political , ▁and ▁emot ional ▁mean ings ▁and ▁invest ments ▁that ▁the ▁audience ▁made ▁in ▁the ▁mass - dist ributed ▁products ▁of ▁popular ▁culture ▁were ▁frequently ▁at ▁odd s ▁with ▁the ▁intended ▁mean ings ▁of ▁their ▁produ cers . ▁ ▁Crit ic ism ▁ ▁Media ▁produced ▁by ▁private ▁citizens ▁may ▁be ▁as ▁fact ual , ▁sat ir ical , ▁neutral ▁or ▁bi ased ▁as ▁any ▁other ▁form ▁of ▁media ▁but