▁Non linear ▁Program ming ▁▁▁ ▁Sm art DO ▁uses ▁the ▁General ized ▁Red u ced ▁Grad ient ▁Method ▁and ▁the ▁Method ▁of ▁Fe as ible ▁Dire ctions ▁as ▁its ▁foundation ▁to ▁solve ▁the ▁const rained ▁non linear ▁programming ▁problem . ▁To ▁achieve ▁global ▁search ▁cap ability , ▁Sm art DO ▁also ▁uses ▁ ▁T unn eling ▁and ▁Hill ▁clim bing ▁to ▁escape ▁from ▁the ▁local ▁minimum . ▁This ▁also ▁enables ▁Sm art DO ▁to ▁eliminate ▁the ▁numerical ▁noise ▁caused ▁by ▁mes hing , ▁dis cret ization , ▁and ▁other ▁phen omena ▁during ▁numerical ▁analysis . ▁Other ▁unique ▁techn ologies ▁include ▁▁ ▁Autom atic ▁recognition ▁of ▁active ▁constraints . ▁▁ ▁Sm art ▁Dynamic ▁Search ▁to ▁automatically ▁adjust ▁search ▁direction ▁and ▁step ▁size . ▁ ▁Gen etic ▁Algorithm ▁▁ ▁The ▁Gen etic ▁Algorithm ▁in ▁Sm art DO ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁founder ' s ▁Ph . D . ▁dis sert ation , ▁which ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁Rob ust ▁Gen etic ▁Alg orithms . ▁It ▁includes ▁some ▁special ▁approaches ▁to ▁achieve ▁stability ▁and ▁efficiency , ▁for ▁example , ▁▁ ▁Ada pt ive ▁Pen alty ▁Function . ▁ ▁Autom atic ▁Sch ema ▁Represent ation . ▁ ▁Autom atic ▁Population ▁and ▁Generation ▁Number ▁Calcul ation . ▁ ▁Ada pt ive ▁and ▁Autom atic ▁Cross - Over ▁Pro b ability ▁Calcul ation . ▁ ▁Ab solute ▁Des cent . ▁ ▁Because ▁there ▁are ▁various ▁types ▁of ▁design ▁variables ▁available ▁in ▁the ▁Rob ust ▁Gen etic ▁Alg orithms , ▁the ▁users ▁can ▁perform ▁Con current ▁S izing , ▁Sh aping