y ola ▁University ▁Chicago ▁al umn i ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁av i ators ▁Category : American ▁female ▁commercial ▁av i ators ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁female ▁av i ators ▁Category : W omen ▁in ▁the ▁Civil ian ▁Pil ot ▁Training ▁Program <0x0A> </s> ▁Th ick - film ▁technology ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁produce ▁electronic ▁devices ▁such ▁as ▁surface ▁mount ▁devices , ▁hy brid ▁integrated ▁circ uits , ▁he ating ▁elements ▁and ▁sens ors . ▁▁ ▁Th ick - film ▁circ uits ▁are ▁widely ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁autom ot ive ▁industry , ▁both ▁in ▁sens ors , ▁e . g . ▁mixture ▁of ▁fuel / air , ▁pressure ▁sens ors , ▁engine ▁and ▁g ear box ▁controls , ▁sensor ▁for ▁re le asing ▁air b ags , ▁ign itors ▁to ▁air b ags ; ▁common ▁is ▁that ▁high ▁reli ability ▁is ▁required , ▁often ▁extended ▁temperature ▁range ▁also ▁along ▁massive ▁therm ocy cling ▁of ▁circ uits ▁without ▁failure . ▁ ▁The ▁manufact ure ▁of ▁such ▁devices ▁is ▁an ▁add itive ▁process ▁involving ▁de position ▁of ▁several ▁success ive ▁layers ▁of ▁conduct or , ▁resist ors ▁and ▁die lect ric ▁layers ▁onto ▁an ▁elect r ically ▁ins ulating ▁substr ate ▁using ▁a ▁screen - print ing ▁process . ▁A ▁typical ▁thick - film ▁process ▁would ▁consist ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁stages : ▁ ▁Ste ps ▁ ▁Las ering ▁of ▁substr ates ▁Most ▁used ▁substr ates ▁are ▁made ▁of ▁ 9 6 % ▁al um ina ▁Al 2 O 3 .