, ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁– ▁Chile ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : N em esi idae ▁Category : My g alom or pha e ▁gener a ▁Category : Sp iders ▁of ▁South ▁America <0x0A> </s> ▁Por ous ▁sil icon ▁( ab bre vi ated ▁as ▁" PS " ▁or ▁" p Si ") ▁is ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁chemical ▁element ▁sil icon ▁that ▁has ▁introduced ▁nan op ores ▁in ▁its ▁micro structure , ▁rendering ▁a ▁large ▁surface ▁to ▁volume ▁ratio ▁in ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁ 5 0 0 ▁m 2 / cm 3 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Por ous ▁sil icon ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁accident ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁by ▁Arthur ▁U hl ir ▁Jr . ▁and ▁In geb org ▁U hl ir ▁at ▁the ▁Bell ▁L abs ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁the ▁Ul h irs ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁developing ▁a ▁technique ▁for ▁pol ishing ▁and ▁sh aping ▁the ▁surfaces ▁of ▁sil icon ▁and ▁g erman ium . ▁However , ▁it ▁was ▁found ▁that ▁under ▁several ▁conditions ▁a ▁cru de ▁product ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁thick ▁black , ▁red ▁or ▁brown ▁film ▁were ▁formed ▁on ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁the ▁material . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁the ▁find ings ▁were ▁not ▁taken ▁further ▁and ▁were ▁only ▁mentioned ▁in ▁Bell ▁Lab ' s ▁technical ▁notes . ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁por ous ▁sil icon ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁the ▁scientific ▁community ▁was ▁not ▁interested ▁in ▁por ous ▁sil