▁in fe ctions ▁( AR Is ), ▁chron ic ▁ob struct ive ▁pul mon ary ▁disease ▁( CO PD ), ▁pul mon ary ▁t uber cul osis ▁( TB ), ▁cat ar act s , ▁low ▁birth ▁weight ▁( L B W ), ▁increased ▁per in atal ▁and ▁infant ▁mort ality , ▁nas oph ary n ge al ▁and ▁l ary n ge al ▁cancer , ▁and ▁lung ▁cancer . ▁It ▁is ▁estimated ▁that ▁ 4 % ▁to ▁ 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁global ▁mort ality ▁and ▁dis ability ▁adjust ed ▁life - year s ▁( D AL Y s ) ▁are ▁from ▁AR Is , ▁C OP D , ▁T B , ▁ast h ma , ▁lung ▁cancer , ▁is chem ic ▁heart ▁disease , ▁and ▁blind ness ▁attributed ▁to ▁solid ▁fuel ▁comb ust ion ▁when ▁cook ing ▁in ▁developing ▁countries . ▁ ▁Be havior al ▁change ▁inter vent ions , ▁in ▁reducing ▁child hood ▁household ▁expos ures , ▁have ▁the ▁potential ▁to ▁reduce ▁household ▁air ▁poll ution ▁expos ure ▁by ▁ 2 0 ▁to ▁ 9 8 %. ▁Ind oor ▁Air ▁Pol l ution ▁( I AP ) ex pos ure ▁can ▁be ▁greatly ▁reduced ▁by ▁cook ing ▁out do ors , ▁reducing ▁time ▁spent ▁in ▁the ▁cook ing ▁area , ▁keeping ▁the ▁kitchen ▁door ▁open ▁while ▁cook ing , ▁avoid ▁lean ing ▁over ▁the ▁fire ▁while ▁att ending ▁to ▁the   ▁me al ▁prepar ation , ▁stay ing ▁away ▁while   ▁carrying ▁children ▁when   ▁cook ing ▁and ▁keeping ▁the