▁in ▁machine ▁sh ops ▁today . ▁Bar th ▁became ▁an ▁early ▁consult ant ▁on ▁scientific ▁management ▁and ▁later ▁taught ▁at ▁Harvard . ▁H . ▁L . ▁G ant t ▁developed ▁the ▁G ant t ▁chart , ▁a ▁visual ▁aid ▁for ▁sched uling ▁tasks ▁and ▁displaying ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁work . ▁Harr ington ▁Em erson ▁introduced ▁scientific ▁management ▁to ▁the ▁rail road ▁industry , ▁and ▁proposed ▁the ▁dich ot omy ▁of ▁staff ▁versus ▁line ▁employees , ▁with ▁the ▁former ▁advis ing ▁the ▁latter . ▁Morris ▁Co oke ▁adapted ▁scientific ▁management ▁to ▁educational ▁and ▁municipal ▁organizations . ▁Hugo ▁Mün ster berg ▁created ▁industrial ▁psych ology . ▁L ill ian ▁Gil bre th ▁introduced ▁psych ology ▁to ▁management ▁studies . ▁Frank ▁Gil bre th ▁( hus band ▁of ▁L ill ian ) ▁discovered ▁scientific ▁management ▁while ▁working ▁in ▁the ▁construction ▁industry , ▁eventually ▁developing ▁motion ▁studies ▁independently ▁of ▁Taylor . ▁These ▁log ically ▁complement ed ▁Taylor ' s ▁time ▁studies , ▁as ▁time ▁and ▁motion ▁are ▁two ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁efficiency ▁improvement ▁coin . ▁The ▁two ▁fields ▁eventually ▁became ▁time ▁and ▁motion ▁study . ▁Harvard ▁University , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁American ▁univers ities ▁to ▁offer ▁a ▁gradu ate ▁degree ▁in ▁business ▁management ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁based ▁its ▁first - year ▁curr icul um ▁on ▁Taylor ' s ▁scientific ▁management . ▁Har low ▁S . ▁Person , ▁as ▁de an ▁of ▁D art mouth ' s ▁Am os ▁T uck ▁School ▁of ▁Administration ▁and ▁Fin ance , ▁promoted ▁the ▁teaching ▁of ▁scientific