▁also ▁the ▁moving ▁force ▁behind ▁the ▁re vised ▁gain ful ▁employ ment ▁rule ▁implemented ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁that ▁was ▁later ▁over turn ed ▁via ▁jud icial ▁review . ▁ ▁The ▁gain ful ▁employ ment ▁ruled ▁champion ed ▁by ▁Sh ire man , ▁was ▁over turn ed ▁by ▁jud icial ▁review ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁arbitrary ▁nature . ▁ ▁T IC AS ▁Before ▁his ▁time ▁at ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Education , ▁Sh ire man ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁The ▁Institute ▁for ▁College ▁Access ▁and ▁Success ▁( T IC AS ). ▁Sh ire man ▁founded ▁this ▁organization ▁with ▁La uren ▁Ash er ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Sh ire man ▁was ▁serving ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁T IC AS ▁when ▁he ▁left ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁Ob ama ▁administration ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Sh ire man ▁was ▁immediately ▁h ired ▁as ▁an ▁outside ▁consult ant ▁by ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Education ▁after ▁he ▁left ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Sh ire man ▁head ed ▁another ▁education ▁related - group , ▁California ▁Comp etes . ▁ ▁Eth ics ▁investigation ▁Cit iz ens ▁for ▁Res p ons ibility ▁and ▁Eth ics ▁in ▁Washington ▁( CRE W ) ▁found ▁emails ▁that ▁show ▁Sh ire man ▁and ▁other ▁officials ▁at ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Education ▁were ▁in ▁touch ▁with ▁Steve ▁E is man ▁and ▁other ▁short - s ellers ▁regarding ▁proposed ▁reg ulations ▁relevant ▁to ▁for - pro fit