▁m atur ity ▁and ▁are ▁mechan ically ▁har v ested ▁using ▁conventional ▁small ▁gra in ▁comb ines . ▁ ▁Process ing ▁ ▁The ▁plants ▁are ▁allowed ▁to ▁stand ▁until ▁the ▁stal ks ▁and ▁se eds ▁have ▁d ried ▁out ▁and ▁the ▁gra in ▁has ▁reached ▁a ▁mo ist ure ▁content ▁below ▁ 1 0 %. ▁Hand ling ▁involves ▁th res hing ▁the ▁seed head s ▁from ▁the ▁ch aff ▁and ▁w inn ow ing ▁the ▁seed ▁to ▁remove ▁the ▁hus k . ▁Before ▁storage , ▁the ▁se eds ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁d ried ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁avoid ▁germ ination . ▁D ry ▁se eds ▁can ▁be ▁stored ▁raw ▁until ▁being ▁was hed ▁or ▁mechan ically ▁processed ▁to ▁remove ▁the ▁per ic arp ▁to ▁eliminate ▁the ▁bitter ▁layer ▁containing ▁sap on ins . ▁The ▁se eds ▁must ▁be ▁d ried ▁again ▁before ▁being ▁stored ▁and ▁sold ▁in ▁stores . ▁ ▁Production ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁world ▁production ▁of ▁qu ino a ▁was ▁ 1 5 8 , 9 2 0 ▁t onnes , ▁led ▁by ▁Peru ▁and ▁Boliv ia ▁with ▁ 9 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁total ▁combined ▁( table ). ▁ ▁Price ▁Since ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 1 st ▁century ▁when ▁qu ino a ▁became ▁more ▁commonly ▁consum ed ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁Europe , ▁and ▁Austral asia ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁typically ▁grown , ▁the ▁c rop ▁value ▁increased . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁qu ino a ▁c rop ▁prices