▁of ▁D har map ala ▁Zh ams ran ▁was ▁made ▁of ▁pap ier - m â ché ; ▁ 6 0 0 0 ▁pieces ▁of ▁natural ▁red ▁cor al ▁of ▁different ▁sizes ▁were ▁in la id ▁along ▁the ▁o val ▁face ▁emphas izing ▁the ▁dynamics ▁of ▁the ▁fa cial ▁mus cles . ▁D har map al as ▁or ▁the ▁Ten ▁K hang al ▁bod his att vas ▁were ▁the ▁main ▁person ages ▁of ▁Cham . ▁Their ▁wr ath ful ▁images ▁express ▁the ▁extent ▁and ▁depth ▁of ▁the ▁efforts ▁that ▁are ▁required ▁in ▁sub du ing ▁the ▁n is van is — the ▁v icious ▁mind , ▁the ▁powerful ▁inner ▁enemy ▁of ▁each ▁sent ient ▁being . ▁ ▁The ▁mask s ▁are ▁treated ▁as ▁sacred ▁objects , ▁just ▁as ▁Buddh ist ▁stat ues . ▁When ▁they ▁are ▁not ▁in ▁use , ▁they ▁were ▁stored ▁in ▁monaster ies ▁and ▁paid ▁hom age ▁to ▁in ▁daily ▁rit uals . ▁ ▁“ So cial ist ▁real ism ” ▁ ▁The ▁years ▁following ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁when ▁Mong olia ▁adopted ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁principles ▁were ▁character ized ▁by ▁political ▁p urg es ▁and ▁supp ression ▁of ▁Buddh ism . ▁Many ▁Mong ol ian ▁artists ▁were ▁rec ru ited ▁to ▁produce ▁post ers ▁and ▁other ▁material ▁that ▁promoted ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁ide ology . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁Buddh ist ▁a est het ics ▁were ▁gradually ▁replaced ▁with ▁Western ▁techniques ▁of ▁fine ▁arts . ▁Through out ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9