▁Sant ' A pol lin are ▁Nu ovo , ▁R aven na ▁( 6 th ▁century ). ▁ ▁The ▁Patri arch al ▁cross , ▁a ▁Latin ▁cross ▁with ▁an ▁additional ▁horizontal ▁bar , ▁first ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁century . ▁A ▁wide ▁variation ▁of ▁cross ▁symbols ▁is ▁introduced ▁for ▁the ▁purposes ▁of ▁her ald ry ▁beginning ▁in ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁the ▁Cr us ades . ▁▁ ▁Cross - like ▁marks ▁and ▁graph emes ▁▁ ▁The ▁cross ▁mark ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁mark ▁a ▁position , ▁or ▁as ▁a ▁check ▁mark , ▁but ▁also ▁to ▁mark ▁delet ion . ▁Der ived ▁from ▁Greek ▁Chi ▁are ▁the ▁Latin ▁letter ▁X , ▁C yr ill ic ▁K ha ▁and ▁possibly ▁run ic ▁Gy fu . ▁ ▁Egypt ian ▁hier og lyph s ▁involving ▁cross ▁shapes ▁include ▁ ▁an kh ▁" life ", ▁▁ nd j ▁" prote ct " ▁and ▁n fr ▁" good ; ▁pleasant , ▁beautiful ". ▁ ▁S umer ian ▁c une iform ▁had ▁a ▁simple ▁cross - sh aped ▁character , ▁consisting ▁of ▁a ▁horizontal ▁and ▁a ▁vertical ▁w edge ▁( <0xF0> <0x92> <0x88> <0xA6> ), ▁read ▁as ▁ma š ▁" tax , ▁yield , ▁interest "; ▁the ▁super position ▁of ▁two ▁diagonal ▁wed ges ▁results ▁in ▁a ▁dec uss ate ▁cross ▁( <0xF0> <0x92> <0x89> <0xBD> ), ▁read ▁as ▁pap ▁" first , ▁pre - em inent " ▁( the ▁super position ▁of ▁these ▁two ▁types ▁of ▁cross es ▁results ▁in ▁the ▁eight - point ed ▁star ▁used ▁as