▁the ▁rights ▁retained ▁by ▁the ▁people ▁... ▁being ▁in ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁uncertainty , ▁they ▁will ▁assume ▁rather ▁than ▁give ▁up ▁powers ▁by ▁imp lication ." ▁Other ▁anti - F eder al ists ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁earlier ▁political ▁documents , ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁Mag na ▁Cart a , ▁had ▁protected ▁specific ▁rights . ▁In ▁response , ▁Hamilton ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁Constitution ▁was ▁inher ently ▁different : ▁ ▁Massachusetts ▁comprom ise ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 7 8 7 ▁and ▁January ▁ 1 7 8 8 , ▁five ▁states — Del aware , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁Georgia , ▁and ▁Connecticut — rat ified ▁the ▁Constitution ▁with ▁relative ▁ease , ▁though ▁the ▁bitter ▁minor ity ▁report ▁of ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁opposition ▁was ▁widely ▁circul ated . ▁In ▁contrast ▁to ▁its ▁prede cess ors , ▁the ▁Massachusetts ▁convention ▁was ▁angry ▁and ▁content ious , ▁at ▁one ▁point ▁er upt ing ▁into ▁a ▁f ist f ight ▁between ▁Federal ist ▁delegate ▁Francis ▁D ana ▁and ▁Anti - F eder al ist ▁El bridge ▁Ger ry ▁when ▁the ▁latter ▁was ▁not ▁allowed ▁to ▁speak . ▁The ▁imp asse ▁was ▁resolved ▁only ▁when ▁revolution ary ▁hero es ▁and ▁leading ▁Anti - F eder al ists ▁Samuel ▁Adams ▁and ▁John ▁Han cock ▁agreed ▁to ▁rat ification ▁on ▁the ▁condition ▁that ▁the ▁convention ▁also ▁propose ▁am end ments . ▁The ▁convention ' s ▁proposed ▁am end ments ▁included ▁a ▁requirement ▁for ▁grand ▁j ury ▁ind ict ment ▁in ▁capital ▁cases , ▁which ▁would ▁form ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Fif th ▁Am