. ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁forty - six th ▁most ▁abund ant ▁element ▁in ▁Earth ' s ▁cr ust . ▁It ▁is ▁significantly ▁more ▁abund ant ▁in ▁the ▁o ce ans , ▁resulting ▁from ▁long - term ▁le aching . ▁There , ▁it ▁makes ▁up ▁ 6 5   parts ▁per ▁million , ▁corresponding ▁to ▁a ▁ratio ▁of ▁about ▁one ▁b rom ine ▁atom ▁for ▁every ▁ 6 6 0 ▁ch lor ine ▁atoms . ▁Salt ▁la kes ▁and ▁br ine ▁well s ▁may ▁have ▁higher ▁b rom ine ▁concentr ations : ▁for ▁example , ▁the ▁Dead ▁Sea ▁contains ▁ 0 . 4 % ▁b rom ide ▁ ions . ▁It ▁is ▁from ▁these ▁sources ▁that ▁b rom ine ▁extra ction ▁is ▁mostly ▁econom ically ▁feas ible . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁sources ▁of ▁b rom ine ▁are ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Israel . ▁The ▁element ▁is ▁liber ated ▁by ▁hal ogen ▁exchange , ▁using ▁ch lor ine ▁gas ▁to ▁ox id ise ▁Br − ▁to ▁Br 2 . ▁This ▁is ▁then ▁removed ▁with ▁a ▁bl ast ▁of ▁steam ▁or ▁air , ▁and ▁is ▁then ▁cond ensed ▁and ▁pur ified . ▁Today , ▁b rom ine ▁is ▁transport ed ▁in ▁large - cap acity ▁metal ▁drums ▁or ▁lead - lined ▁t anks ▁that ▁can ▁hold ▁hundreds ▁of ▁kil og rams ▁or ▁even ▁t onnes ▁of ▁b rom ine . ▁The ▁b rom ine ▁industry ▁is ▁about ▁one - h undred th ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁the ▁ch lor ine ▁industry . ▁Labor atory ▁production ▁is