▁Era ▁and ▁band it ry ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁Q ing ▁dynast y ▁and ▁early ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁Re ject ing ▁the ▁simpl istic ▁view ▁that ▁bl amed ▁the ▁social ▁dis order ▁of ▁the ▁era ▁on ▁the ▁moral ▁bank rupt cy ▁of ▁the ▁war l ords , ▁they ▁studied ▁how ▁population ▁growth , ▁government ▁break down , ▁military ▁bu il dup ▁and ▁other ▁factors ▁contributed ▁to ▁band it ry . ▁Des er ters ▁from ▁arm ies ▁turned ▁to ▁band it ry ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁living , ▁and ▁band it ry ▁in ▁turn ▁fuel led ▁militar ization ▁as ▁regional ▁el ites ▁created ▁milit ias ▁to ▁protect ▁their ▁local ities . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁death s ▁Category : E du c ators ▁from ▁Su z hou ▁Category : H istor ians ▁from ▁Ji ang su ▁Category : H istor ians ▁of ▁China ▁Category : N an j ing ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : P ek ing ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : P ek ing ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Z hang ji ag ang <0x0A> </s> ▁Cross ▁of ▁Christ ▁Luther an ▁Church ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁church ▁in ▁Wel ch ▁Township , ▁Minnesota , ▁United ▁States , ▁near ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Red ▁Wing , ▁Minnesota . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 8 ▁and ▁was ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁as ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁the ▁characteristic