▁of ▁symbols ▁developed ▁by ▁the ▁Ak an , ▁used ▁to ▁represent ▁concepts ▁and ▁a ph or isms . ▁Or al ▁tradition ▁attributes ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁ad ink ra ▁to ▁Gy aman ▁in ▁modern - day ▁Gh ana ▁and ▁C ô te ▁d ' I vo ire . ▁According ▁to ▁K w ame ▁Anthony ▁App iah , ▁they ▁were ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁means ▁for ▁" support ing ▁the ▁transmission ▁of ▁a ▁complex ▁and ▁nu anced ▁body ▁of ▁practice ▁and ▁belief ". ▁ ▁L us ona ▁ ▁L us ona ▁is ▁an ▁ide ogram ▁that ▁function ed ▁as ▁m nem onic ▁devices ▁to ▁record ▁pro ver bs , ▁f ables , ▁games , ▁r idd les ▁and ▁animals , ▁and ▁to ▁transmit ▁knowledge .. ▁They ▁origin ate ▁in ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁eastern ▁Ang ola , ▁north western ▁Z amb ia ▁and ▁adjacent ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Republic ▁of ▁the ▁Congo . ▁ ▁Modern ▁orth ograph ies ▁ ▁East ▁Africa ▁The ▁Lu o ▁script ▁was ▁developed ▁to ▁write ▁D hol uo ▁in ▁Ken ya ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Som alia : ▁Writing ▁systems ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁tw enti eth ▁century ▁for ▁trans cri bing ▁Som ali ▁include ▁the ▁Os man ya , ▁Bor ama ▁and ▁K add are ▁al ph ab ets , ▁which ▁were ▁invent ed ▁by ▁Os man ▁Y us uf ▁Ken ad id , ▁She ikh ▁Abd ur ah man ▁She ikh ▁Nu ur ▁and ▁Hus sein ▁She ikh ▁Ah med ▁K add are , ▁respectively . ▁The ▁Os