▁safety ▁features ▁of ▁shock ▁coll ars ▁are ▁pat ented ▁by ▁specific ▁manufact ur ers , ▁means ▁that ▁the ▁safety ▁and ▁oper ational ▁characteristics ▁of ▁individual ▁products ▁cannot ▁be ▁verified . ▁ ▁Training ▁effect iveness ▁ ▁The ▁effect iveness ▁of ▁e - coll ars ▁is ▁highly ▁deb ated , ▁however ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁one ▁s ided . ▁Each ▁side ▁has ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁back ers ▁and ▁activ ists ▁from ▁profess ors , ▁to ▁activ ists , ▁and ▁train ers . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Pat ▁N olan , ▁who ▁has ▁trained ▁dogs ▁for ▁over ▁thirty ▁years , ▁e - col lar ▁training ▁is ▁a ▁key ▁and ▁effective ▁use ▁to ▁train ▁dogs ▁( N olan , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ). ▁According ▁the ▁methods ▁he ▁describes ▁in ▁his ▁book , ▁regular ▁and ▁fair ▁use ▁is ▁key ▁in ▁e - col lar ▁training . ▁He ▁details ▁what ▁fair ▁use ▁is , ▁stating ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁key ▁to ▁keep ▁a ▁regular ▁training ▁schedule ▁and ▁set ▁boundaries ▁your ▁pet ▁understand s .( N olan , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁D eter ring ▁pred ation ▁in ▁the ▁wild ▁The ▁Wild life ▁Society ▁article ▁addresses ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁shock ▁coll ars ▁as ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁prevent ▁sheep ▁from ▁being ▁pre yed ▁upon ▁by ▁wild ▁co y otes . ▁According ▁to ▁( Ph ill ips , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ) ▁they ▁tested ▁these ▁coll ars ▁on ▁co y otes ▁for ▁a ▁four - month ▁period ▁and ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁coll ars ▁stopped ▁th ir teen