▁of ▁Scotland ▁from ▁ 1 6 4 9 ▁until ▁his ▁de position ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 1 , ▁and ▁king ▁of ▁England , ▁Scotland ▁and ▁Ireland ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 6 6 0 ▁Rest oration ▁of ▁the ▁mon archy ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 5 . ▁ ▁Charles ▁II ▁was ▁the ▁el dest ▁surv iving ▁child ▁of ▁Charles ▁I ▁of ▁England , ▁Scotland ▁and ▁Ireland ▁and ▁Henri etta ▁Maria ▁of ▁France . ▁After ▁Charles ▁I ' s ▁execution ▁at ▁White hall ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁January ▁ 1 6 4 9 , ▁at ▁the ▁clim ax ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁Civil ▁War , ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Scotland ▁proc laimed ▁Charles ▁II ▁king ▁on ▁ 5 ▁February ▁ 1 6 4 9 . ▁However , ▁England ▁entered ▁the ▁period ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁English ▁Inter reg num ▁or ▁the ▁English ▁Commonwealth , ▁and ▁the ▁country ▁was ▁a ▁de ▁fact o ▁republic ▁led ▁by ▁Oliver ▁C rom well . ▁C rom well ▁defeated ▁Charles ▁II ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Wor c ester ▁on ▁ 3 ▁September ▁ 1 6 5 1 , ▁and ▁Charles ▁fled ▁to ▁main land ▁Europe . ▁C rom well ▁became ▁virtual ▁dict ator ▁of ▁England , ▁Scotland ▁and ▁Ireland . ▁Charles ▁spent ▁the ▁next ▁nine ▁years ▁in ▁ex ile ▁in ▁France , ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Republic ▁and ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Netherlands . ▁A ▁political ▁crisis ▁that ▁followed ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁C rom well ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 8 ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁rest oration ▁of ▁the ▁mon archy , ▁and ▁Charles