1 , ▁ 1 8 7 4 , ▁at ▁Is ling ton , ▁London ) ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁the ological ▁and ▁political ▁writer , ▁journalist , ▁and ▁editor . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Car p enter ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁a ▁London ▁tr ades man . ▁ ▁He ▁received ▁no ▁formal ▁school ing , ▁but ▁by ▁self - stud y ▁he ▁learned ▁to ▁read ▁and ▁write , ▁and ▁taught ▁himself ▁several ▁ancient ▁and ▁modern ▁languages . ▁ ▁At ▁an ▁early ▁age ▁he ▁began ▁working ▁for ▁a ▁books eller ▁in ▁F ins bury , ▁first ▁as ▁an ▁err and ▁boy , ▁and ▁then ▁as ▁an ▁app rent ice . ▁ ▁Career ▁While ▁at ▁F ins bury , ▁Car p enter ▁became ▁acquaint ed ▁with ▁the ▁phil ologist ▁William ▁Green field , ▁editor ▁of ▁Samuel ▁Bag ster ▁the ▁E lder ' s ▁poly gl ot ▁B ibles , ▁and ▁began ▁co - edit ing ▁Script ure ▁Magazine , ▁which ▁they ▁eventually ▁expanded ▁into ▁the ▁four - volume ▁work ▁Crit ica ▁Bib lica ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 4 – 1 8 2 7 . ▁ ▁This ▁employ ment ▁allowed ▁him ▁to ▁dev ote ▁time ▁to ▁literary ▁purs uits , ▁and ▁he ▁began ▁writing ▁the ological ▁and ▁general ▁works , ▁establish ing ▁himself ▁as ▁contrib utor ▁to ▁and ▁editor ▁of ▁numerous ▁period ical s . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁he ▁issued ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁Political ▁Let ters ▁with ▁which ▁he ▁attempted ▁to ▁def y ▁the ▁stamp ▁duty ▁on ▁newsp