▁and ▁de mean ing ▁but ▁illegal ▁and ▁un just ". ▁A ▁major ▁reform ▁movement ▁or ▁her es y ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁was ▁L oll ard y , ▁led ▁by ▁John ▁Wy cl iffe , ▁who ▁translated ▁the ▁Bible ▁into ▁English . ▁Post hum ously ▁condem ned , ▁his ▁body ▁was ▁ex hum ed ▁and ▁bur nt ▁and ▁its ▁as hes ▁thrown ▁into ▁the ▁River ▁Swift . ▁ ▁Even ▁before ▁the ▁Con quest , ▁Edward ▁the ▁Conf essor ▁had ▁returned ▁from ▁Norm andy ▁with ▁mas ons ▁who ▁constructed ▁West min ster ▁Ab bey ▁( 1 0 4 2 ) ▁in ▁the ▁Roman es que ▁style . ▁The ▁cru c iform ▁churches ▁of ▁Norman ▁architecture ▁often ▁had ▁deep ▁ch anc els ▁and ▁a ▁square ▁crossing ▁tower , ▁which ▁has ▁remained ▁a ▁feature ▁of ▁English ▁ecc les iast ical ▁architecture . ▁England ▁has ▁many ▁early ▁c athed r als , ▁most ▁not ably ▁York ▁Min ster ▁( 1 0 8 0 ), ▁Dur ham ▁C athedral ▁( 1 0 9 3 ), ▁and ▁( New ) ▁Sal is bury ▁C athedral ▁( 1 2 2 0 ). ▁After ▁a ▁fire ▁dam aged ▁Can ter bury ▁C athedral ▁in ▁ 1 1 7 4 , ▁Norman ▁mas ons ▁introduced ▁the ▁Goth ic ▁style , ▁which ▁developed ▁into ▁the ▁English ▁Goth ic ▁at ▁Well s ▁and ▁Lincoln ▁C athed r als ▁around ▁ 1 1 9 1 . ▁Oxford ▁and ▁Cambridge ▁began ▁as ▁religious ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁and ▁ 1