▁European ▁en light en ment ▁thought . ▁Me iro k ush a ▁philosoph ers ▁like ▁Mor i ▁Ar in ori , ▁N ishi ▁A man e , ▁and ▁Fu ku za wa ▁Y uk ichi ▁sought ▁ways ▁to ▁combine ▁Western ▁ideas ▁with ▁Japanese ▁culture ▁and ▁values . ▁The ▁Sh ō wa ▁period ▁( 1 9 2 6 – 1 9 8 9 ) ▁saw ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁State ▁Sh into ▁and ▁Japanese ▁national ism . ▁ ▁Japanese ▁Buddh ist ▁philosophy ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁the ▁Ky oto ▁School ▁which ▁drew ▁from ▁western ▁philosoph ers ▁( es pecially ▁German ▁philosophy ) ▁and ▁Buddh ist ▁thought ▁and ▁included ▁K itar o ▁N ish ida , ▁Ke iji ▁N ish it ani , ▁H aj ime ▁Tan abe ▁and ▁Mas ao ▁A be . ▁The ▁most ▁important ▁tr end ▁in ▁Japanese ▁Buddh ist ▁thought ▁after ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁Ky oto ▁school ▁is ▁Crit ical ▁Buddh ism , ▁which ▁arg ues ▁against ▁several ▁Mah ay ana ▁concepts ▁such ▁as ▁Bud d ha ▁nature ▁and ▁original ▁en light en ment . ▁ ▁Korean ▁ ▁J uche , ▁usually ▁translated ▁as ▁" self - re liance ", ▁is ▁the ▁official ▁political ▁ide ology ▁of ▁North ▁Korea , ▁described ▁by ▁the ▁regime ▁as ▁Kim ▁Il - S ung ' s ▁" original , ▁brilliant ▁and ▁revolution ary ▁contribution ▁to ▁national ▁and ▁international ▁thought ". ▁The ▁idea ▁states ▁that ▁an ▁individual ▁is ▁" the ▁master ▁of ▁his ▁dest iny " ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁North ▁Korean ▁masses ▁are ▁to