eties ▁that ▁bro aden ed ▁their ▁focus ▁from ▁traditional ▁religious ▁concerns ▁to ▁larger ▁soci etal ▁ones . ▁These ▁organizations ▁were ▁primarily ▁spons ored ▁by ▁aff lu ent ▁women . ▁They ▁did ▁not ▁stem ▁entirely ▁from ▁the ▁Second ▁Great ▁Aw ak ening , ▁but ▁the ▁rev ival ist ▁doctrine ▁and ▁the ▁expectation ▁that ▁one ' s ▁conversion ▁would ▁lead ▁to ▁personal ▁action ▁acceler ated ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁women ' s ▁social ▁bene vol ence ▁work . ▁Social ▁activ ism ▁influenced ▁abol ition ▁groups ▁and ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁the ▁Tem per ance ▁movement . ▁They ▁began ▁efforts ▁to ▁reform ▁pr isons ▁and ▁care ▁for ▁the ▁hand ic apped ▁and ▁ment ally ▁ill . ▁They ▁believed ▁in ▁the ▁perfect ibility ▁of ▁people ▁and ▁were ▁highly ▁moral istic ▁in ▁their ▁endeav ors . ▁ ▁S la ves ▁and ▁free ▁African ▁Americans ▁ ▁Bapt ists ▁and ▁Method ists ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁pre ached ▁to ▁slave hold ers ▁and ▁slaves ▁al ike . ▁Con versions ▁and ▁con greg ations ▁started ▁with ▁the ▁First ▁Great ▁Aw ak ening , ▁resulting ▁in ▁Bapt ist ▁and ▁Method ist ▁pre ach ers ▁being ▁author ized ▁among ▁slaves ▁and ▁free ▁African ▁Americans ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁de cade ▁before ▁ 1 8 0 0 . ▁" Black ▁Harry " ▁H os ier , ▁an ▁ill iter ate ▁fre ed man ▁who ▁drove ▁Francis ▁As bury ▁on ▁his ▁circ uits , ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁memor ize ▁large ▁pass ages ▁of ▁the ▁Bible ▁verb at im ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁cross - over ▁success ,