▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁Indust rial ▁revolution ▁created ▁a ▁demand ▁for ▁them . ▁Their ▁main ▁competition ▁was ▁Germany . ▁Indust ries ▁encourag ed ▁engineering ▁to ▁change ▁from ▁a ▁craft ▁to ▁a ▁profession . ▁The ▁standard ization ▁of ▁practices ▁during ▁this ▁time ▁helped ▁established ▁their ▁professional ▁image ▁as ▁expert ise . ▁That ▁being ▁said , ▁many ▁factory ▁and ▁business ▁and ▁factory ▁own ers ▁did ▁not ▁particularly ▁like ▁this ▁standard ization ▁because ▁they ▁felt ▁threaten ▁that ▁engine ers ▁would ▁increase ▁their ▁authority ▁and ▁territory . ▁This ▁was ▁also ▁desired ▁by ▁engine ers ▁themselves ▁to ▁end ▁labor ▁troubles . ▁It ▁was ▁believed ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁increase ▁production ▁and ▁predict ability . ▁ ▁Civil ▁engine ers ▁were ▁over t aken ▁by ▁mechanical ▁engine ers . ▁In ▁fact , ▁the ▁numbers ▁of ▁professional ▁mechanical ▁engine ers ▁increased ▁by ▁ 6 0 0 ▁percent ▁and ▁college ▁en roll ment ▁in ▁this ▁special ization ▁out number ed ▁civil ▁engineering . ▁Now , ▁they ▁were ▁more ▁needed . ▁Engine ers ▁were ▁okay ▁being ▁class ified ▁" prof ession als ▁of ▁a ▁corpor ation ", ▁because ▁they ▁were ▁still ▁mostly ▁industry ▁workers ▁anyway ▁and ▁val ued ▁the ▁ide ology ▁of ▁no ▁government ▁inter vention ▁in ▁the ▁economy . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁before , ▁and ▁during ▁the ▁Progress ive ▁Era , ▁better ▁organization ▁of ▁various ▁fields ▁of ▁work ▁including ▁engineering ▁took ▁place ▁because ▁it ▁encourag ed ▁professional ism , ▁equality , ▁and ▁progress . ▁System at ization ▁was ▁a ▁big ▁part ▁of ▁it . ▁For ▁example , ▁The ▁American ▁Society ▁of ▁Mechan ical