▁issue ▁to ▁O ul ipo ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁and ▁Belg ian ▁radio ▁broadcast ▁one ▁O ul ipo ▁meeting . ▁Its ▁members ▁were ▁individually ▁active ▁during ▁these ▁years ▁and ▁published ▁works ▁which ▁were ▁created ▁within ▁their ▁constraints . ▁ ▁The ▁group ▁as ▁a ▁whole ▁began ▁to ▁emer ge ▁from ▁obsc urity ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁with ▁the ▁publication ▁of ▁, ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁representative ▁pieces . ▁Martin ▁Gard ner ▁helped ▁to ▁popular ize ▁the ▁group ▁in ▁America ▁when ▁he ▁featured ▁O ul ipo ▁in ▁his ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Mathemat ical ▁Games ▁column ▁in ▁Scient ific ▁American . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Harvard ▁University ▁Press ▁published ▁a ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁movement , ▁Many ▁Sub t le ▁Ch annels : ▁In ▁Pra ise ▁of ▁Pot ential ▁Liter ature , ▁by ▁O ul ipo ▁member ▁Daniel ▁Le vin ▁Be cker . ▁ ▁O ul ip ian ▁works ▁▁ ▁Some ▁examples ▁of ▁O ul ip ian ▁writing : ▁ ▁Qu ene au ' s ▁Ex erc ices ▁de ▁Style ▁is ▁the ▁rec ount ing ▁nin ety - n ine ▁times ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁incon sequ ential ▁episode , ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁man ▁witness es ▁a ▁minor ▁alter cation ▁on ▁a ▁bus ▁trip ; ▁each ▁account ▁is ▁unique ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁tone ▁and ▁style . ▁ ▁Qu ene au ' s ▁Cent ▁M ille ▁Mill i ards ▁de ▁Po èmes ▁is ▁inspired ▁by ▁children ' s ▁picture ▁books ▁in ▁which ▁each ▁page ▁is ▁cut ▁into ▁horizontal ▁stri ps