▁Engine er ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 , ▁and ▁met ▁twice ▁a ▁year . ▁Professional ▁codes ▁of ▁eth ics ▁were ▁also ▁established ▁for ▁this ▁profession . ▁ ▁However , ▁the ▁growing ▁profession ▁of ▁engineering ▁had ▁still ▁difficulty ▁in ▁organ izing ▁itself . ▁ ▁M aking ▁a ▁professional ▁image ▁of ▁engine ers ▁was ▁difficult ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁prominent ▁association ▁with ▁manual ▁labor . ▁It ▁strugg les ▁to ▁this ▁day ▁to ▁gain ▁similar ▁status ▁as ▁members ▁of ▁autonom ous , ▁self - reg ulating ▁prof essions ▁such ▁as ▁law y ers ▁and ▁phys icians . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Gra de ▁infl ation ▁ ▁Occ up ational ▁lic ens ing ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Andrew ▁Del ano ▁Abb ott , ▁The ▁System ▁of ▁Prof essions : ▁Ess ay ▁on ▁the ▁Division ▁of ▁Ex pert ▁Labour , ▁Chicago : ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Trace y ▁Adams , ▁Reg ulating ▁Prof essions ▁in ▁Canada : ▁Inter pro vin cial ▁D iffer ences ▁across ▁Five ▁Provin ces , ▁Journal ▁of ▁Canadian ▁Studies ▁ 4 3 , ▁no . 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ ▁Jeff rey ▁L . ▁Ber lant , ▁Prof ession ▁and ▁Mon opol y : ▁A ▁Study ▁of ▁Medicine ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Great ▁Britain , ▁Ber keley , ▁CA : ▁University ▁of ▁California ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁() ▁ ▁Charlotte ▁G . ▁Bor st , ▁C atch ing ▁Bab ies : ▁Professional ization ▁of ▁Child