▁occurrence ▁of ▁an ▁event , ▁act , ▁or ▁type ▁of ▁conduct , ▁The ▁identity ▁of ▁the ▁individual ( s ) ▁responsible ▁The ▁intent ▁or ▁psych ological ▁responsibility ▁ ▁Statist ical ▁proof ▁was ▁not ▁regularly ▁applied ▁in ▁dec isions ▁concerning ▁United ▁States ▁legal ▁proceed ings ▁until ▁the ▁mid ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁following ▁a ▁land mark ▁j ury ▁disc rim ination ▁case ▁in ▁Cast an eda ▁v . ▁Part ida . ▁The ▁US ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁ruled ▁that ▁gross ▁statistical ▁dispar ities ▁constit utes ▁" pr ima ▁fac ie ▁proof " ▁of ▁disc rim ination , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁shift ▁of ▁the ▁bur den ▁of ▁proof ▁from ▁pla int iff ▁to ▁def endant . ▁Since ▁that ▁r uling , ▁statistical ▁proof ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁in ▁many ▁other ▁cases ▁on ▁inequality , ▁disc rim ination , ▁and ▁DNA ▁evidence . ▁However , ▁there ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁one - to - one ▁correspond ence ▁between ▁statistical ▁proof ▁and ▁the ▁legal ▁bur den ▁of ▁proof . ▁" The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁has ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁degrees ▁of ▁rig or ▁required ▁in ▁the ▁fact ▁finding ▁processes ▁of ▁law ▁and ▁science ▁do ▁not ▁necessarily ▁correspond ." ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁a ▁death ▁row ▁sentence ▁( Mc C les key ▁v . ▁ ▁K emp ) ▁concerning ▁ra cial ▁disc rim ination , ▁the ▁pet ition er , ▁a ▁black ▁man ▁named ▁McC les key ▁was ▁charged ▁with ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁a ▁white ▁police ▁officer ▁during ▁a ▁rob ber y . ▁Ex pert ▁testim ony ▁for ▁McC les ky