ing ▁and ▁could ▁de value ▁efforts ▁of ▁the ▁affected ▁population ▁to ▁solve ▁their ▁own ▁problems ▁▁ ▁Some ▁critics ▁fe ared ▁that ▁the ▁standards ▁could ▁create ▁un real istic ▁expect ations ▁while ▁ign oring ▁constraints . ▁Fail ing ▁to ▁meet ▁core ▁S phere ▁standards ▁could ▁lead ▁to ▁ad verse ▁public ity , ▁li ability ▁and ▁repr is als . ▁▁ ▁A ▁final ▁criticism ▁often ▁raised ▁by ▁non - West ern ▁parties ▁is ▁that ▁the ▁S phere ▁standards ▁imp ose ▁standard ization ▁based ▁on ▁“ West ern ” ▁benchmark s . ▁While ▁S phere ▁does ▁promote ▁close ▁consult ation ▁with ▁the ▁affected ▁populations , ▁it ▁impos es ▁very ▁detailed ▁standards ▁that ▁may ▁differ ▁from ▁the ▁wishes ▁of ▁benef ici aries . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Dis aster ▁management ▁Category : Organ izations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁Category : E mer gency ▁organizations ▁Category : Intern ational ▁responses ▁to ▁natural ▁dis aster s <0x0A> </s> ▁Nash ▁N icks ▁W inst ead ▁( J une ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁- ▁October ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁academic . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Dur ham ▁County , ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁and ▁ ▁Career ▁W inst ead ▁joined ▁the ▁N . C . ▁State ▁fac ulty ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁professor ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Institute