, ▁l ifest yle ▁and ▁gen etic ▁factors ); ▁alter ations ▁in ▁cell ular ▁or ▁ext rac ell ular ▁mole cules ▁( d ise ase ▁mole cular ▁sign atures ); ▁and ▁disease ▁evolution ▁and ▁pro gression . ▁Investig ators ▁can ▁analyze ▁gen ome , ▁m eth yl ome , ▁ep igen ome , ▁met abol ome , ▁trans cript ome , ▁prote ome , ▁micro bi ome , ▁imm unity ▁and ▁interact ome . ▁A ▁put ative ▁risk ▁factor ▁can ▁be ▁linked ▁to ▁specific ▁mole cular ▁sign atures . ▁ ▁M PE ▁research ▁enables ▁identification ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁bi om ark er ▁for ▁potential ▁clin ical ▁utility , ▁using ▁large - scale ▁population - based ▁data ▁( e . g ., ▁P IK 3 CA ▁mut ation ▁in ▁col ore ct al ▁cancer ▁to ▁select ▁patients ▁for ▁asp ir in ▁ther apy ). ▁The ▁M PE ▁approach ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁following ▁a ▁gen ome - wide ▁association ▁study ▁( G W AS ), ▁term ed ▁" G W AS - MP E ▁approach ". ▁D etailed ▁disease ▁endpoint ▁phen ot yp ing ▁can ▁be ▁conducted ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁mole cular ▁path ology ▁or ▁sur rog ate ▁hist op ath ology ▁or ▁imm un oh ist och em istry ▁analysis ▁of ▁dise ased ▁t issues ▁and ▁cells ▁within ▁G W AS . ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁alternative ▁approach , ▁potential ▁risk ▁variants ▁identified ▁by ▁G W AS ▁can ▁be ▁exam ined ▁in ▁combination ▁with ▁mole cular ▁path ology ▁analysis ▁on ▁dise ased ▁t issues .