▁a ▁Put nam ▁Fellow ▁in ▁the ▁William ▁Low ell ▁Put nam ▁Mathemat ical ▁Compet ition . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁( at ▁age ▁ 2 0 ), ▁he ▁received ▁his ▁doctor ate ▁from ▁Pr inc eton ▁University . ▁ ▁Career ▁Brow der ▁had ▁an ▁academic ▁career , ▁encounter ing ▁difficulty ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁in ▁getting ▁work ▁during ▁the ▁Mc Car thy ▁era ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁father ' s ▁commun ist ▁activities . ▁▁ ▁Brow der ▁head ed ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ' s ▁mathematics ▁department ▁for ▁ 1 2 ▁years . ▁He ▁also ▁held ▁posts ▁at ▁M IT , ▁Boston ▁University , ▁Bran de is ▁and ▁Y ale . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁vice ▁president ▁for ▁research ▁at ▁R ut gers ▁University . ▁ ▁Brow der ▁received ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁National ▁Medal ▁of ▁Science . ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Mathemat ical ▁Society ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁out going ▁president ial ▁address ▁at ▁the ▁American ▁Mathemat ical ▁Society , ▁Brow der ▁noted , ▁" ide as ▁and ▁techniques ▁from ▁one ▁set ▁of ▁mathematical ▁sources ▁imp ing [ ing ] ▁fruit fully ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁thing ▁from ▁another ▁set ▁of ▁mathematical ▁sources " ▁as ▁illustr ation ▁of ▁bis oci ation ▁( a ▁term ▁from ▁Arthur ▁Ko est ler ). ▁He ▁also ▁rec ount ed ▁the ▁moves ▁against ▁mathematics ▁in ▁France ▁by ▁Claude ▁All