▁rejected ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁a ▁division ▁between ▁magic ▁and ▁religion ▁and ▁began ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁term ▁" mag ico - rel ig ious " ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁early ▁development ▁of ▁both . ▁Mal in owski ▁understood ▁magic ▁in ▁a ▁similar ▁manner ▁to ▁Mare tt , ▁tack ling ▁the ▁issue ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁article . ▁He ▁rejected ▁Fra zer ' s ▁evolution ary ▁hypothesis ▁that ▁magic ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁religion ▁and ▁then ▁science ▁as ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁distinct ▁stages ▁in ▁soci etal ▁development , ▁arg uing ▁that ▁all ▁three ▁were ▁present ▁in ▁each ▁society . ▁In ▁his ▁view , ▁both ▁magic ▁and ▁religion ▁" ar ise ▁and ▁function ▁in ▁situations ▁of ▁emot ional ▁stress " ▁although ▁whereas ▁religion ▁is ▁primarily ▁express ive , ▁mag ical ▁is ▁primarily ▁practical . ▁He ▁therefore ▁defined ▁magic ▁as ▁" a ▁practical ▁art ▁consisting ▁of ▁acts ▁which ▁are ▁only ▁means ▁to ▁a ▁definite ▁end ▁expected ▁to ▁follow ▁later ▁on ". ▁For ▁Mal in owski , ▁mag ical ▁acts ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁carried ▁out ▁for ▁a ▁specific ▁end , ▁whereas ▁religious ▁ones ▁were ▁ends ▁in ▁themselves . ▁He ▁for ▁instance ▁believed ▁that ▁fert ility ▁rit uals ▁were ▁mag ical ▁because ▁they ▁were ▁carried ▁out ▁with ▁the ▁intention ▁of ▁meeting ▁a ▁specific ▁need . ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁functional ist ▁approach , ▁Mal in owski ▁saw ▁magic ▁not ▁as ▁ir r ational ▁but ▁as ▁something ▁that ▁served ▁a ▁useful ▁function , ▁being ▁sensible ▁within ▁the ▁given ▁social ▁and ▁environmental ▁context . ▁ ▁The ▁term ▁" mag ic