, ▁policy ▁anal ys es , ▁and ▁program ▁evalu ations ▁on ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁topics . ▁M IP AR ▁also ▁admin ister s ▁the ▁Center ▁for ▁A ging ▁Studies ▁at ▁U M BC . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁University ▁of ▁Maryland , ▁Baltimore ▁County ▁Sch ol ars ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Research ▁and ▁Sch olar ship ▁Home page ▁ ▁Directory ▁ ▁Center ▁Baltimore ▁County ▁Cent ers ▁and ▁Instit utes <0x0A> </s> ▁Michael ▁Crow der ▁( J une ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁– ▁August ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁historian ▁and ▁author ▁notable ▁for ▁his ▁books ▁on ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁Africa ▁and ▁particularly ▁on ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁West ▁Africa . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Michael ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁London ▁and ▁educated ▁at ▁Mill ▁Hill ▁School . ▁After ▁ear ning ▁a ▁first ▁class ▁hon ours ▁degree ▁in ▁Polit ics , ▁Philosoph y ▁and ▁Econom ics ▁( P PE ) ▁at ▁H ert ford ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Lag os ▁( he ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁cons cript ed ▁to ▁the ▁Niger ia ▁Regiment ▁in ▁Lag os ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 3 - 1 9 5 4 ▁for ▁his ▁British ▁national ▁service ) ▁to ▁become ▁first ▁Editor ▁of ▁Niger ia ▁Magazine ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁ ▁Academ ic ▁career ▁Michael ▁comm enced ▁his ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁secretary ▁at ▁the ▁Institute ▁of ▁African ▁Studies ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁I