▁reduce ▁urban ▁pover ty ? ", ▁state , ▁" There ▁is ▁evidence ▁that ▁living ▁w age ▁ordin ances ▁mod est ly ▁reduce ▁the ▁pover ty ▁rates ▁in ▁locations ▁in ▁which ▁these ▁ordin ances ▁are ▁en act ed . ▁However , ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁evidence ▁that ▁state ▁minimum ▁w age ▁laws ▁do ▁so ." ▁ ▁A ▁study ▁carried ▁out ▁in ▁Hamilton , ▁Canada ▁by ▁Z eng ▁and ▁Hon ig ▁indicated ▁that ▁living ▁w age ▁workers ▁have ▁higher ▁affect ive ▁commit ment ▁and ▁lower ▁turn over ▁intention . ▁▁ ▁Work ers ▁paid ▁a ▁living ▁w age ▁were ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁organization ▁they ▁work ▁for ▁in ▁various ▁ways ▁including : ▁" prote ct ing ▁the ▁organizations ▁public ▁image , ▁helping ▁colle agues ▁solve ▁problems , ▁impro ving ▁their ▁skills ▁and ▁techniques , ▁providing ▁suggestions ▁or ▁advice ▁to ▁a ▁management ▁team , ▁and ▁car ing ▁about ▁the ▁organization ." ▁The ▁authors ▁interpret ▁these ▁finding ▁through ▁social ▁exchange ▁theory , ▁which ▁points ▁out ▁the ▁mut ual ▁oblig ation ▁employ ers ▁and ▁employees ▁feel ▁towards ▁each ▁other ▁when ▁employees ▁perce ive ▁they ▁are ▁provided ▁favor able ▁treatment . ▁ ▁Living ▁w age ▁estimates ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁there ▁are ▁ 1 2 2 ▁living ▁w age ▁ordin ances ▁in ▁American ▁cities ▁and ▁an ▁additional ▁ 7 5 ▁under ▁discussion . ▁Article ▁ 2 3 ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Universal ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁Human ▁Rights ▁states ▁that ▁" Every one ▁who ▁works ▁has ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁just ▁and ▁fav ou rable ▁rem un er