▁international ▁Sol id ar ity ▁found ▁expression ▁in ▁storm y ▁em bra ces ▁and ▁kiss es . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁Commun ism ▁after ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁was ▁no ▁longer ▁isolated ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁Commun ist ▁country . ▁ ▁The ▁frat ernal ▁social ist ▁kiss ▁became ▁a ▁rit ual ised ▁gre eting ▁among ▁the ▁leaders ▁of ▁Commun ist ▁countries . ▁ ▁The ▁gre eting ▁was ▁also ▁adopted ▁by ▁social ist ▁leaders ▁in ▁the ▁Third ▁World , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁leaders ▁of ▁social ist - aligned ▁liber ation ▁movements ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Palest in ian ▁Liber ation ▁Organ ization ▁and ▁the ▁African ▁National ▁Congress . ▁ ▁Kre ml in ology ▁ ▁Kre ml in olog ists ▁paid ▁attention ▁to ▁whether ▁the ▁frat ernal ▁em brace ▁was ▁ex changed ▁between ▁Commun ist ▁leaders . ▁The ▁om ission ▁of ▁the ▁custom ary ▁em brace ▁indicated ▁a ▁lower ▁level ▁of ▁relations ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁countries . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁S ino - S ov iet ▁split , ▁the ▁Chinese ▁refused ▁to ▁em brace ▁their ▁Soviet ▁counter parts ▁or ▁to ▁address ▁them ▁as ▁" com rade ". ▁When ▁Soviet ▁premier ▁Nik ita ▁K hr ush chev ▁tried ▁to ▁em brace ▁Chinese ▁chairman ▁Ma o ▁Z ed ong ▁on ▁a ▁visit ▁to ▁Be ij ing ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁Ma o ▁stepped ▁back ▁to ▁avoid ▁the ▁em brace ▁and ▁offered ▁a ▁hand sh ake ▁instead . ▁Even ▁with ▁the ▁normal ization ▁of ▁relations ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ,