6 1 ) ▁were ▁Brazil ian ▁activ ists ▁regarding ▁ind igen ous ▁pe op les . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁they ▁succeeded ▁in ▁getting ▁the ▁entire ▁upper ▁X ingu ▁leg ally ▁protected ▁– ▁the ▁first ▁huge ▁ind igen ous ▁area ▁in ▁all ▁South ▁America , ▁and ▁the ▁prototype ▁for ▁do z ens ▁of ▁similar ▁res erves ▁all ▁over ▁the ▁continent . ▁ ▁P ione ers ▁The ▁expl orer ▁John ▁Hem ming , ▁wrote ▁that ▁the ▁Vill as - B ô as ▁were ▁pione ers ▁in ▁many ▁ways . ▁They ▁were ▁almost ▁the ▁first ▁non - mission aries ▁to ▁live ▁perman ently ▁with ▁the ▁n atives ; ▁and ▁they ▁treated ▁them ▁as ▁their ▁equals ▁and ▁friends . ▁They ▁persu aded ▁tribes ▁to ▁end ▁inter ne c ine ▁fe ud s ▁and ▁un ite ▁to ▁confront ▁the ▁enc ro aching ▁settlement ▁front ier . ▁The ▁Vill as - B ô as ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁appreciate ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁politics ▁and ▁the ▁media ▁in ▁further ing ▁the ▁ind igen ous ▁cause . ▁They ▁also ▁de vised ▁a ▁policy ▁of ▁" change , ▁but ▁only ▁at ▁the ▁speed ▁the ▁Indians ▁want ". ▁ ▁Robin ▁Han bury - T en ison , ▁from ▁Sur v ival ▁International , ▁wrote ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁that ▁" The ▁X ingu ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁closed ▁park ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁which ▁means ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁area ▁in ▁which ▁Indians ▁are ▁safe ▁from ▁deliber ate ▁or ▁accident al ▁contact ▁with ▁und es irable ▁represent atives ▁of