. ▁The ▁Mo U ▁came ▁into ▁effect ▁on ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁provides ▁protection ▁for ▁the ▁populations ▁of ▁high ▁And e an ▁fl aming os , ▁which ▁have ▁been ▁subject ▁to ▁dr astic ▁reduction ▁and ▁fragment ation ▁of ▁their ▁habit ats ▁and ▁have ▁a ▁del icate ▁state ▁of ▁conservation . ▁The ▁Mo U ▁covers ▁four ▁range ▁states ▁( Ar gent ina , ▁Boliv ia , ▁Chile ▁and ▁Peru ). ▁As ▁of ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁three ▁range ▁states ▁have ▁signed ▁the ▁Mo U . ▁ ▁Development ▁of ▁Mo U ▁▁ ▁To ▁implement ▁the ▁decision ▁of ▁the ▁Fif th ▁Conference ▁of ▁the ▁Part ies ▁of ▁C MS ▁to ▁list ▁the ▁high ▁And e an ▁fl aming o ▁( P ho en ic opter us ▁and inus ▁and ▁P . ▁j ames i ) ▁on ▁Append ix ▁I ▁of ▁the ▁Convention ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁poor ▁state ▁of ▁conservation ▁caused ▁by ▁a ▁dr astic ▁reduction ▁and ▁fragment ation ▁of ▁their ▁habit ats , ▁an ▁Article ▁IV ▁agreement ▁was ▁concluded ▁and ▁entered ▁into ▁effect ▁on ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁following ▁the ▁signature ▁by ▁the ▁third ▁range ▁state . ▁ ▁Sign ator ies ▁to ▁the ▁High ▁And e an ▁Fl aming os ▁Mo U : ▁ ▁Boliv ia ▁( 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Chile ▁( 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Peru ▁( 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁C