ary ▁bi ology , ▁the ▁sub field ▁of ▁bi ology ▁concerned ▁with ▁studying ▁evolution ary ▁processes ▁that ▁produced ▁the ▁divers ity ▁of ▁life ▁on ▁Earth . ▁ ▁Fund ament als ▁about ▁evolution ▁ ▁Introduction ▁ ▁Basic ▁principles ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Natural ▁spe ci ation ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Art ific ial ▁spe ci ation ▁ ▁Sub fields ▁ ▁History ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁By ▁period ▁or ▁event ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ ▁By ▁field ▁ ▁E volution ary ▁theory ▁and ▁mod elling ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Basic ▁principles ▁( above ) ▁ ▁Population ▁gen et ics ▁▁▁▁ ▁Process ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Vari ation ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Key ▁concepts ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Effect s ▁of ▁selection ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Rel ated ▁topics ▁ ▁E volution ary ▁phen omena ▁ ▁Mod elling ▁ ▁Tax onomy , ▁system at ics , ▁and ▁ph y log eny ▁ ▁Fund ament als ▁ ▁Basic ▁concepts ▁of ▁ph y log en et ics ▁ ▁In ference ▁methods ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Pro b abil istic ▁methods ▁ ▁Current ▁topics ▁ ▁Group ▁Tra its ▁ ▁Group ▁Types ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁b iod iversity ▁ ▁Origin ▁and ▁evolution ary ▁history ▁of ▁life ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁organ isms ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁t et rap ods ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁other ▁animals ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁plants ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁other ▁tax a ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁cells , ▁org ans , ▁and ▁systems ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁mole cules ▁and ▁gen es ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁behaviour ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁other ▁processes ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ ▁s ▁ ▁App lications ▁in ▁other ▁discipl ines ▁ ▁E volution ary ▁issues ▁