▁can ▁be ▁heard ▁by ▁a ▁single ▁judge ▁or ▁by ▁a ▁ben ch ▁of ▁three ▁jud ges , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁complexity ▁or ▁serious ness ▁of ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁Netherlands ▁Com mer cial ▁Court ▁ ▁The ▁Netherlands ▁Com mer cial ▁Court ▁( N CC ) ▁was ▁created ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁of ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁The ▁N CC ▁District ▁Court ▁is ▁a ▁chamber ▁in ▁the ▁Amsterdam ▁District ▁Court . ▁A ▁matter ▁may ▁generally ▁be ▁submitted ▁to ▁the ▁N CC ▁where ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁requirements ▁are ▁met : ▁( i ) ▁the ▁action ▁is ▁a ▁civil ▁- ▁or ▁commercial ▁matter ▁within ▁the ▁aut onomy ▁of ▁the ▁parties ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁subject ▁to ▁the ▁juris diction ▁of ▁the ▁Sub d istrict ▁Court ▁or ▁the ▁exclusive ▁juris diction ▁of ▁any ▁other ▁Dutch ▁chamber ▁or ▁court ; ▁( ii ) ▁the ▁matter ▁concerns ▁an ▁international ▁dispute ; ▁( iii ) ▁the ▁parties ▁to ▁the ▁proceed ings ▁have ▁designated ▁the ▁Amsterdam ▁District ▁Court ▁as ▁the ▁forum ▁to ▁hear ▁their ▁case ▁or ▁the ▁Amsterdam ▁District ▁Court ▁has ▁juris diction ▁to ▁hear ▁the ▁action ▁on ▁other ▁grounds ; ▁and ▁( iv ) ▁the ▁parties ▁to ▁the ▁proceed ings ▁have ▁express ly ▁agreed ▁in ▁writing ▁that ▁court ▁proceed ings ▁will ▁be ▁before ▁the ▁N CC ▁in ▁English . ▁ ▁Cour ts ▁of ▁App e al ▁There ▁are ▁four ▁Cour ts ▁of ▁App e al : ▁The ▁H ague , ▁Amsterdam , ▁Arn hem - Le eu ward en ▁and ▁' s - H ert ogen