▁and ▁as ▁such ▁under write ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁financial ▁transactions ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁Additionally , ▁banks ▁seeking ▁more ▁deal ▁flow ▁with ▁smaller - s ized ▁de als ▁with ▁compar able ▁profit ability ▁are ▁known ▁as ▁" Middle ▁Market ▁invest ment ▁banks " ▁( known ▁as ▁bout ique ▁or ▁independent ▁invest ment ▁banks ). ▁ ▁Fin an cial ▁con gl omer ates ▁Lar ge ▁financial - services ▁con gl omer ates ▁combine ▁commercial ▁bank ing , ▁invest ment ▁bank ing , ▁and ▁sometimes ▁ins urance . ▁Such ▁combinations ▁were ▁common ▁in ▁Europe ▁but ▁illegal ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁passage ▁of ▁the ▁Gr amm - Le ach - Bl iley ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁are ▁large ▁invest ment ▁bank ing ▁fir ms ▁( not ▁listed ▁above ) ▁that ▁are ▁affili ated ▁with ▁large ▁financial ▁institutions : ▁ ▁AB N ▁AM RO ▁Ban ca ▁Monte ▁dei ▁Pas chi ▁di ▁S ien a ▁( MP S ▁Capital ▁Services ) ▁Ban co ▁Br ades co ▁Ban co ▁Sant ander ▁Bank ▁of ▁China ▁( BO C ▁International ▁Hold ings ) ▁Bank ▁of ▁Communic ations ▁( BO COM ▁International ▁Hold ings ) ▁BB VA ▁Ber enberg ▁Bank ▁Canadian ▁Imperial ▁Bank ▁of ▁Com merce ▁( CI BC ▁World ▁Mark ets ) ▁China ▁C IT IC ▁Bank ▁China ▁Const ruction ▁Bank ▁( CC B ▁International ▁Hold ings ) ▁C IM B ▁Com mer z bank ▁Cr éd it ▁Agr icole ▁ ▁D ai wa ▁Sec ur ities ▁DB S ▁Bank ▁(