▁compreh ens ible ▁to ▁others ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁mer it ▁First ▁Am end ment ▁protection ”. ▁ ▁S cal ia ' s ▁conc urrence ▁in ▁part ▁Justice ▁S cal ia ▁joined ▁by ▁Chief ▁Justice ▁Re hn qu ist , ▁def ended ▁the ▁Smith ▁decision ▁and ▁attacked ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁legisl ative ▁intent , ▁op ining ▁that ▁there ▁would ▁be ▁no ▁constitution al ▁viol ation ▁if ▁“ the ▁H iale ah ▁City ▁Council ▁set ▁out ▁resol utely ▁to ▁suppress ▁the ▁practices ▁of ▁San ter ia , ▁but ▁in e pt ly ▁adopted ▁ordin ances ▁that ▁failed ▁to ▁do ▁so ”. ▁ ▁S outer ' s ▁conc urrence ▁in ▁part ▁Justice ▁S outer , ▁writing ▁alone ▁for ▁eigh teen ▁pages , ▁noted ▁that ▁“ The ▁Smith ▁rule , ▁in ▁my ▁view , ▁may ▁be ▁re ex am ined ▁consist ently ▁with ▁principles ▁of ▁st are ▁dec isis .” ▁ ▁Black mun ' s ▁conc urrence ▁in ▁the ▁judgment ▁Justice ▁Harry ▁Black mun , ▁joined ▁by ▁Justice ▁Sand ra ▁Day ▁O ' Con nor , ▁con cur red ▁in ▁the ▁judgment ▁only . ▁ ▁Ref using ▁to ▁end or se ▁the ▁approach ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁majority ▁opinion , ▁Black mun ▁wrote , ▁“ I ▁continue ▁to ▁believe ▁that ▁Smith ▁was ▁wrong ly ▁decided ”. ▁ ▁Black mun ▁goes ▁on , ▁cit ing ▁an ▁am icus ▁cur iae ▁brief ▁by ▁People ▁for ▁the ▁Eth ical ▁Tre at ment ▁of ▁Anim als , ▁to ▁observe ▁that ▁had ▁this ▁case ▁presented ▁“ a ▁law ▁that ▁sin cer ely ▁purs