▁contradict ory ▁characteristics , ▁causing ▁det ract ors ▁to ▁reject ▁his ▁categories ▁as ▁non - ex istent . ▁John ▁Br ough ▁sur m ises ▁that ▁soci etal ▁divisions ▁are ▁common ▁outside ▁of ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁soci eties ▁as ▁well , ▁and ▁consequ ently ▁the ▁hypothesis ▁has ▁only ▁limited ▁utility ▁in ▁ill umin ating ▁pre histor ic ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁society . ▁Crist iano ▁Gro tt anel li ▁states ▁that ▁while ▁Dum é zil ian ▁trif unction al ism ▁may ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁modern ▁and ▁medieval ▁context s , ▁its ▁projection ▁onto ▁earlier ▁cult ures ▁is ▁mistaken . ▁Bel ier ▁is ▁strongly ▁critical . ▁ ▁The ▁hypothesis ▁has ▁been ▁critic ised ▁by ▁histor ians ▁Carlo ▁G in zburg , ▁Arn al do ▁M om igli ano ▁and ▁Bruce ▁Lincoln ▁as ▁being ▁based ▁on ▁Dum é zil ' s ▁sympath ies ▁with ▁the ▁political ▁right . ▁Guy ▁Str ou ms a ▁sees ▁these ▁critic isms ▁as ▁unf ounded . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Ar th ash ast ra ▁C aste ▁Compar ative ▁myth ology ▁Est ates ▁of ▁the ▁real m ▁M yth ography ▁Mand ala ▁( polit ical ▁model ) ▁Pro to - Ind o - Europe an ▁religion ▁Pro to - Ind o - Europe an ▁society ▁Social ▁class ▁Tr inity ▁Tri ple ▁de ity ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : An th rop ology ▁Category : Ind o - Europe an ▁culture ▁Category : M yth ological ▁arch et ypes ▁Category : Com par ative ▁myth