▁of ▁form ▁criticism , ▁B ult mann ▁" set ▁the ▁ag enda ▁for ▁a ▁generation ▁of ▁leading ▁New ▁Testament ▁sch ol ars ". ▁ ▁Red action ▁criticism ▁was ▁another ▁common ▁approach ▁to ▁bib lic al ▁criticism ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁to ▁mid - tw enti eth ▁century . ▁While ▁form ▁criticism ▁divided ▁the ▁text ▁into ▁small ▁units , ▁re da ction ▁emphas ized ▁the ▁literary ▁integrity ▁of ▁the ▁larger ▁literary ▁units . ▁ ▁The ▁discovery ▁of ▁the ▁Dead ▁Sea ▁scroll s ▁at ▁Q um ran ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁renew ed ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁contributions ▁arch ae ology ▁could ▁make ▁to ▁bib lic al ▁studies ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁challeng es ▁it ▁presented ▁to ▁various ▁aspects ▁of ▁bib lic al ▁criticism . ▁ ▁New ▁Testament ▁scholar ▁Jo achim ▁Jer em ias ▁( 1 9 0 0 - 1 9 7 9 ) ▁used ▁lingu istics ▁and ▁history ▁to ▁describe ▁Jesus ' ▁Jewish ▁environment . ▁The ▁bib lic al ▁the ology ▁movement ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁produced ▁a ▁massive ▁debate ▁between ▁Old ▁Testament ▁and ▁New ▁Testament ▁sch ol ars ▁over ▁the ▁unity ▁of ▁the ▁Bible . ▁The ▁rise ▁of ▁re da ction ▁criticism ▁closed ▁it ▁by ▁bringing ▁about ▁a ▁greater ▁emphas is ▁on ▁divers ity . ▁ ▁After ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁bib lic al ▁criticism ▁began ▁to ▁change ▁rad ically ▁and ▁per vas ively . ▁New ▁criticism ▁( liter ary ▁criticism ) ▁developed . ▁New ▁historic ism , ▁a ▁literary ▁theory ▁that ▁views ▁history ▁through