▁In ▁divor ce ▁cases , ▁many ▁juris dict ions ▁permit ▁a ▁cause ▁of ▁action ▁for ▁cruel ▁and ▁in hum ane ▁treatment . ▁ ▁In ▁law , ▁cruel ty ▁is ▁" the ▁inf lic tion ▁of ▁physical ▁or ▁mental ▁dist ress , ▁especially ▁when ▁considered ▁a ▁determin ant ▁in ▁grant ing ▁a ▁divor ce ." ▁ ▁Et ym ology ▁The ▁term ▁comes ▁from ▁Middle ▁English , ▁via ▁the ▁Old ▁French ▁term ▁" c ru al te ", ▁which ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁Latin ▁" cr ud el itas ", ▁from ▁" cr ud el is ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Cru el ty ▁to ▁animals ▁ ▁Theatre ▁of ▁Cru el ty ▁ ▁Sch aden fre ude ▁ ▁Sad ism ▁ ▁The ▁Four ▁St ages ▁of ▁Cru el ty ▁ ▁Ab use ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Simon ▁Baron - C ohen , ▁The ▁Science ▁of ▁Ev il : ▁On ▁Emp ath y ▁and ▁the ▁Orig ins ▁of ▁Cru el ty , ▁Basic ▁Books , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Review ed ▁in ▁The ▁Montreal ▁Review ▁ ▁Susan ▁S ont ag , ▁Regarding ▁the ▁P ain ▁of ▁O thers , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : C ru el ty ▁Category : Ab use ▁Category : S uffer ing ▁Category : Ag gression <0x0A> </s> ▁Oliv ib acter ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁from ▁the ▁family ▁of ▁S ph ing ob acter ia ceae . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : S ph ing ob acter i ia ▁Category