▁A ged ▁by ▁the ▁Cad ol ing ians ▁and ▁the ▁della ▁G her ard es ca ▁families , ▁then ▁by ▁the ▁b ish ops ▁of ▁Vol terra , ▁the ▁commune ▁of ▁San ▁M ini ato , ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Florence ▁and ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁P isa . ▁Cast elf af i , ▁alleg edly ▁founded ▁by ▁the ▁Lomb ards ▁in ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁century . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁possession ▁of ▁the ▁della ▁G her ard es ca ▁and ▁then ▁of ▁the ▁b ish ops ▁of ▁Vol terra . ▁Later ▁it ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁the ▁Ca et ani . ▁In ▁ 1 5 5 4 ▁it ▁was ▁s ack ed ▁by ▁the ▁troops ▁of ▁Pier o ▁St roz zi . ▁T onda ▁S ugh era ▁Sc op eto ▁Santo ▁Stef ano ▁ ▁Nature ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁Italian ▁Hor se ▁Prote ction ▁Association ▁( I HP ) ▁has ▁its ▁main ▁base ▁in ▁Mont a ione ' s ▁fra zione ▁of ▁Fil ica ja . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁www . mont a ione . net ▁ ▁Category : C ities ▁and ▁towns ▁in ▁T usc any ▁Category : Cast les ▁in ▁Italy <0x0A> </s> ▁S mer inth ulus ▁per vers a , ▁the ▁l ichen ous ▁ha w km oth , ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁S ph ing idae . ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁from ▁Taiwan , ▁Nep al , ▁north - e astern ▁India , ▁northern ▁My an mar , ▁south - western ▁and ▁southern