▁mechan ically ▁ir rit ating ▁the ▁par iet al ▁ple ura , ▁often ▁with ▁a ▁rough ▁pad . ▁Moreover , ▁surg ical ▁removal ▁of ▁par iet al ▁ple ura ▁is ▁an ▁effective ▁way ▁of ▁ach ieving ▁stable ▁ple uro des is . ▁ ▁Alternatively , ▁tun ne led ▁ple ural ▁c ath eters ▁( TP C s ) ▁may ▁be ▁placed ▁in ▁an ▁out pat ient ▁setting ▁and ▁often ▁result ▁in ▁auto - ple uro des is , ▁where by ▁port able ▁vac u um ▁bott les ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁ev acu ate ▁the ▁ple ural ▁fluid . ▁Rout ine ▁ev acu ation ▁keeps ▁the ▁ple ura ▁together , ▁resulting ▁in ▁physical ▁ag itation ▁by ▁the ▁c ath eter , ▁which ▁slowly ▁causes ▁the ▁ple ura ▁to ▁scar ▁together . ▁This ▁method , ▁though ▁the ▁minim ally ▁invas ive ▁and ▁minimal ▁cost ▁solution , ▁takes ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁about ▁ 3 0 ▁days ▁to ▁achieve ▁ple uro des is ▁and ▁is ▁therefore ▁the ▁slow est ▁means ▁of ▁ach ieving ▁ple uro des is ▁among ▁other ▁modal ities . ▁ ▁Ster ile ▁tal c ▁pow der , ▁admin ister ed ▁int ra ple ur ally ▁via ▁a ▁ch est ▁t ube , ▁is ▁indicated ▁as ▁a ▁s cl eros ing ▁agent ▁to ▁decrease ▁the ▁rec urrence ▁of ▁m align ant ▁ple ural ▁eff us ions ▁in ▁sympt om atic ▁patients . ▁It ▁is ▁usually ▁performed ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁a ▁di agnostic ▁thor ac os copy . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category