▁degree ▁from ▁Cal cut ta ▁University , ▁and ▁has ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁Imperial ▁College ▁London ▁( o fficial ly ▁Imperial ▁College ▁of ▁Science , ▁Technology ▁and ▁Medicine ). ▁He ▁also ▁holds ▁a ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁Public ▁Administration ▁from ▁Harvard ▁University . ▁ ▁Career ▁Sub ram an ian ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁Administr ative ▁Service , ▁where ▁he ▁held ▁various ▁positions ▁including ▁that ▁of ▁Cab inet ▁Secretary ▁( 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁ 3 1 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 8 ), ▁the ▁highest ▁post ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁administration ▁and ▁the ▁post ▁of ▁Secretary ▁in ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Text iles . ▁He ▁was ▁Non - Exec utive ▁Director ▁of ▁H CL ▁Techn ologies ▁from ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁to ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁founder ▁member ▁and ▁former ▁Chan cell or ▁of ▁the ▁Sh iv ▁Nad ar ▁University . ▁He ▁held ▁director ships ▁for ▁a ▁few ▁companies ▁like ▁H CL ▁and ▁S AB M iller . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁Found er ▁Chair person , ▁Vid ya G yan ▁Le ad ership ▁Academy ▁& ▁Trust ee , ▁Sh iv ▁Nad ar ▁Foundation . ▁ ▁Rem arks ▁On ▁ 3 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁said ▁dr ast ically ▁reduced ▁political ▁pressure ▁on ▁top ▁b ureau cr ats ▁by ▁r uling ▁that ▁they ▁must ▁get ▁an ▁assured ▁minimum ▁ten ure ▁in ▁posting . ▁" Fixed ▁ten ure ▁of ▁b ureau cr ats ▁will ▁promote ▁professional ism ,