▁pass ive , ▁non - vi ol ent ▁tact ics ▁while ▁the ▁Black ▁Power ▁movement ▁felt ▁that , ▁in ▁the ▁words ▁of ▁Sto k ely ▁Car m ich ael ▁and ▁Charles ▁V . ▁Hamilton , ▁" a ▁' non - vi ol ent ' ▁approach ▁to ▁civil ▁rights ▁is ▁an ▁approach ▁black ▁people ▁cannot ▁afford ▁and ▁a ▁lux ury ▁white ▁people ▁do ▁not ▁des erve ." ▁ ▁" However , ▁many ▁groups ▁and ▁individuals — including ▁Rosa ▁Park s , ▁Robert ▁F . ▁Williams , ▁May a ▁Angel ou , ▁Gl oria ▁Richard son , ▁and ▁F ay ▁Bell amy ▁Pow ell — part icip ated ▁in ▁both ▁civil ▁rights ▁and ▁black ▁power ▁activ ism . ▁A ▁growing ▁number ▁of ▁sch ol ars ▁conce ive ▁of ▁the ▁civil ▁rights ▁and ▁black ▁power ▁movements ▁as ▁one ▁inter connected ▁Black ▁Fre edom ▁Mov ement . ▁ ▁N umer ous ▁Black ▁Power ▁advoc ates ▁were ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁black ▁self ▁determ ination ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁belief ▁that ▁black ▁people ▁must ▁lead ▁and ▁run ▁their ▁own ▁organizations . ▁Sto k ely ▁Car m ich ael ▁is ▁such ▁an ▁advoc ate ▁and ▁states ▁that , ▁" only ▁black ▁people ▁can ▁convey ▁the ▁revolution ary ▁idea — and ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁revolution ary ▁idea — that ▁black ▁people ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁do ▁things ▁themselves ." ▁ ▁However , ▁this ▁is ▁not ▁to ▁say ▁that ▁Black ▁Power ▁advoc ates ▁promoted ▁ra cial ▁seg reg ation . ▁Sto k ely ▁Car m ich ael ▁and ▁Charles ▁V . ▁Hamilton ▁write ▁that