▁for ▁PM 2 . 5 ▁increases ▁the ▁all - ca uses ▁daily ▁mort ality ▁rate ▁by ▁ 0 . 2 - 0 . 6 % ▁and ▁the ▁card iop ul mon ary ▁mort ality ▁rate ▁by ▁ 6 - 1 3 %. ▁ ▁World wide , ▁PM 1 0 ▁concentr ations ▁of ▁ 7 0 μ g / m 3 ▁and ▁PM 2 . 5 ▁concentr ations ▁of ▁ 3 5 μ g / m 3 ▁have ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁increase ▁long - term ▁mort ality ▁by ▁ 1 5 %. ▁More ▁so , ▁approximately ▁ 4 . 2 ▁million ▁of ▁all ▁prem ature ▁death s ▁observed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁occurred ▁due ▁to ▁air bor ne ▁partic ulate ▁poll ution , ▁ 9 1 % ▁of ▁which ▁occurred ▁in ▁countries ▁with ▁low ▁to ▁middle ▁so cio e conom ic ▁status . ▁Of ▁these ▁prem ature ▁death s , ▁ 5 8 % ▁were ▁attributed ▁to ▁stro kes ▁and ▁is cha em ic ▁heart ▁dise ases , ▁ 8 % ▁attributed ▁to ▁C OP D ▁( Chr onic ▁Ob struct ive ▁Pul mon ary ▁D ise ase ), ▁and ▁ 6 % ▁to ▁lung ▁cancer . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁E PA ▁conducted ▁air ▁quality ▁design ations ▁in ▁all ▁ 5 0 ▁states , ▁den oting ▁areas ▁of ▁high ▁poll ution ▁based ▁on ▁criteria ▁such ▁as ▁air ▁quality ▁monitoring ▁data , ▁recommend ations ▁submitted ▁by ▁the ▁states , ▁and ▁other ▁technical ▁information ; ▁and ▁reduced ▁the