▁as ▁ 2 0 ▁million ▁m 2 ▁per ▁an num ▁ ▁Between ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁Sir ▁Geoff rey ▁In gram ▁Taylor ▁produced ▁the ▁theoretical ▁under pin ning ▁of ▁electro sp in ning . ▁Taylor ’ s ▁work ▁contributed ▁to ▁electro sp in ning ▁by ▁mathemat ically ▁model ing ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁the ▁cone ▁formed ▁by ▁the ▁fluid ▁dro ple t ▁under ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁an ▁electric ▁field ; ▁this ▁characteristic ▁dro ple t ▁shape ▁is ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Taylor ▁cone . ▁He ▁further ▁worked ▁with ▁J . ▁R . ▁Mel cher ▁to ▁develop ▁the ▁" le ak y ▁die lect ric ▁model " ▁for ▁conduct ing ▁flu ids . ▁ ▁Simon , ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁N I H ▁S B IR ▁grant ▁report , ▁showed ▁that ▁solution ▁electro sp in ning ▁could ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁produced ▁n ano - ▁and ▁subm ic ron - scale ▁pol yst y rene ▁and ▁poly car bon ate ▁f ibr ous ▁m ats ▁specifically ▁intended ▁for ▁use ▁as ▁in ▁vit ro ▁cell ▁substr ates . ▁This ▁early ▁application ▁of ▁electro sp un ▁f ibr ous ▁l att ices ▁for ▁cell ▁culture ▁and ▁t issue ▁engineering ▁showed ▁that ▁various ▁cell ▁types ▁would ▁ad here ▁to ▁and ▁pro l ifer ate ▁upon ▁the ▁fib ers ▁in ▁vit ro . ▁Small ▁changes ▁in ▁the ▁surface ▁chem istry ▁of ▁the ▁fib ers ▁were ▁also ▁observed ▁depending ▁upon ▁the ▁polar ity ▁of ▁the ▁electric ▁field ▁during ▁spin ning .