▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁Bh ag w ati ▁J ▁giving ▁the ▁leading ▁judgment , ▁held ▁that ▁employees ▁had ▁a ▁right ▁to ▁be ▁heard ▁in ▁a ▁w inding ▁up ▁pet ition ▁of ▁a ▁company ▁because ▁their ▁interests ▁were ▁directly ▁affected ▁and ▁their ▁standing ▁was ▁not ▁ex cluded ▁by ▁the ▁word ing ▁of ▁the ▁Comp an ies ▁Act ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁section ▁ 3 9 8 . ▁ ▁Excel ▁W ear v . ▁Union ▁of ▁India ▁A . I . R . ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁S . C . ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 3 6 ▁ ▁Collect ive ▁action ▁ ▁The ▁Indust rial ▁Dis put es ▁Act ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁regul ates ▁how ▁employ ers ▁may ▁address ▁industrial ▁disput es ▁such ▁as ▁lock outs , ▁lay offs , ▁retr en ch ment ▁etc . ▁It ▁controls ▁the ▁law ful ▁processes ▁for ▁recon c ili ation , ▁adj ud ic ation ▁of ▁labour ▁disput es . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁fundamental ▁rules ▁( FR ▁ 1 7 A ) ▁of ▁the ▁civil ▁service ▁of ▁India , ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁una ut hor ised ▁absence - ▁( i ) ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁employees ▁working ▁in ▁industrial ▁establish ments , ▁during ▁a ▁strike ▁which ▁has ▁been ▁declared ▁illegal ▁under ▁the ▁prov isions ▁of ▁the ▁Indust rial ▁Dis put es ▁Act , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁or ▁any ▁other ▁law ▁for ▁the ▁time ▁being ▁in ▁force ; ▁( ii ) ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁other ▁employees ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁action