. ▁ ▁R ühle ▁later ▁left ▁the ▁K AP D , ▁and ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ers ▁of ▁the ▁AA UD - E . ▁Another ▁leading ▁the or etic ian ▁of ▁Council ▁Commun ism ▁was ▁Paul ▁Matt ick , ▁who ▁later ▁em igr ated ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁A ▁minor ▁figure ▁in ▁the ▁Council ▁Commun ist ▁movement ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁was ▁Mar inus ▁van ▁der ▁Lub be , ▁who ▁burn ed ▁the ▁Reich stag ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁and ▁consequ ently ▁executed ▁by ▁the ▁naz is ▁after ▁a ▁show ▁trial ▁that ▁marked ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁per sec ution ▁of ▁social ist ▁and ▁commun ists ▁in ▁Naz i ▁Germany . ▁ ▁The ▁early ▁council ists ▁are ▁followed ▁later ▁by ▁the ▁Group ▁of ▁International ist ▁Commun ists , ▁Hen k ▁Me ij er , ▁C ajo ▁Br end el ▁and ▁Paul ▁Matt ick . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁res urg ence ▁of ▁council ist ▁groups ▁and ▁ideas ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁through ▁the ▁Situ ation ist ▁International , ▁Root ▁and ▁Branch ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Social isme ▁ou ▁Bar bar ie ▁in ▁France ▁and ▁Sol id ar ity ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Anton ▁Pan ne ko ek ▁Work ers ’ ▁Coun c ils , ▁A K ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Primary ▁sources ▁▁ ▁Anton ▁Pan ne ko ek , ▁Anton ▁Pan ne ko ek ▁Archive ▁ ▁H erman ▁G orter , ▁Syl via