o , ▁who ▁pay ▁tax es ▁and ▁which ▁juris diction ▁depends . ▁There ▁is ▁documentation ▁which ▁provides ▁proof ▁of ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁traditional ▁private ▁property ▁of ▁citizens ▁from ▁To led o ▁around ▁Gu ad am ur ▁and ▁this ▁can ▁be ▁trac ed ▁to ▁the ▁reign ▁ta ifa ▁by ▁the ▁Arab ic ▁names ▁of ▁the ▁far ms . ▁Since ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 2 th ▁century ▁these ▁properties ▁were ▁passed ▁into ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁cler gy , ▁especially ▁the ▁regular . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 3 th , ▁ 1 4 th ▁and ▁ 1 5 th ▁centuries , ▁this ▁land ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁pro gression ▁towards ▁the ▁noble ▁scheme , ▁and ▁it ▁begins ▁to ▁feel ▁the ▁shame ▁of ▁serv itude ▁in ▁a ▁monarch ical ▁decomposition , ▁strength ened ▁nob ility , ▁pe asant ▁resistance , ▁religious ▁conflict , ▁pl ague ▁and ▁liv elihood ▁crisis . ▁Gu ad am ur ▁entered ▁medieval ▁history ▁under ▁the ▁hand ▁of ▁Pedro ▁López ▁Ay ala , ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁royal ▁ch an cell or ▁and ▁mayor ▁of ▁To led o , ▁whose ▁family ▁disput es ▁control ▁to ▁the ▁Silva . ▁He ▁interven ed ▁in ▁the ▁war ▁that ▁p itted ▁Juan ▁II ▁and ▁favorite ▁Ál var o ▁with ▁inf ants ▁of ▁Arag on , ▁Don ▁En rique ▁and ▁Don ▁Juan , ▁and ▁ended ▁up ▁giving ▁To led o ▁in ▁ 1 4 4 0 . ▁Lost ▁ground , ▁Juan ▁II ▁forg ave ▁Pedro ▁in ▁ 1 4 4 4 ; ▁in ▁ 1 4 4 6 ▁won