▁a ▁political ▁t ug - of - war ▁between ▁Cleveland ▁and ▁New ▁York ▁Senator ▁David ▁Hill , ▁and ▁Whe eler ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁nom ine e ▁of ▁Cleveland ' s ▁that ▁Hill ▁managed ▁to ▁block ; ▁Senator ▁Edward ▁Doug lass ▁White ▁was ▁instead ▁confirmed ▁to ▁the ▁Court . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁another ▁seat ▁on ▁the ▁Court ▁was ▁vac ant ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁How ell ▁Edmund s ▁Jackson ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 5 , ▁Hill ▁was ▁weak ened ▁polit ically ▁and ▁Cleveland ▁turned ▁to ▁R uf us ▁Pe ck ham , ▁who ▁was ▁confirmed ▁within ▁six ▁days ▁on ▁December ▁of ▁that ▁year ▁( by ▁a ▁Republican - control led ▁Senate ) ▁and ▁took ▁his ▁o ath ▁of ▁office ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 8 9 6 . ▁ ▁Pe ck ham ▁remains ▁the ▁last ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁Justice ▁nominated ▁by ▁a ▁Democratic ▁President ▁when ▁the ▁Senate ▁had ▁a ▁Republican ▁majority . ▁ ▁Pe ck ham ' s ▁st int ▁on ▁the ▁Court ▁has ▁been ▁called ▁by ▁many ▁sch ol ars ▁the ▁height ▁of ▁" la isse z - f aire " ▁constitution al ism , ▁during ▁which ▁the ▁Court ▁regularly ▁struck ▁down ▁efforts ▁to ▁reg ulate ▁labor ▁standards ▁and ▁relations . ▁ ▁Pe ck ham ' s ▁most ▁famous ▁opinion ▁was ▁in ▁L och ner ▁v . ▁New ▁York ▁( 1 9 0 5 ), ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Court ▁invalid ated ▁a ▁limitation ▁on ▁b akers ' ▁working ▁hours ▁to ▁si xty ▁per ▁week ▁as ▁being ▁contrary ▁to ▁the ▁individual ▁right ▁to ▁freely