▁dis orders . ▁Electron ic ▁coll ars ▁can ▁also ▁mal function , ▁either ▁admin ister ing ▁non stop ▁shock s ▁or ▁deliver ing ▁no ▁shock s ▁at ▁all ". ▁ ▁C AB TS G ▁( The ▁Comp an ion ▁Animal ▁Be hav iour ▁Ther apy ▁Study ▁Group ), ▁an ▁affili ate ▁group ▁of ▁the ▁B S AVA ▁( B rit ish ▁Small ▁Animal ▁V eter inary ▁Association ), ▁produced ▁a ▁policy ▁statement ▁on ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁shock ▁coll ars , ▁stating ▁" The ir ▁effect iveness ▁depends ▁upon ▁the ▁pain ▁and ▁fear ▁experienced ▁by ▁the ▁animal , ▁but ▁to ▁use ▁them ▁correctly ▁requires ▁detailed ▁understanding ▁of ▁behaviour ▁and ▁its ▁motiv ation , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁very ▁precise ▁timing . ▁F ew ▁operators ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁achieve ▁any ▁reliable ▁success ▁with ▁these ▁devices ▁and ▁the ▁consequences ▁of ▁failure ▁can ▁be ▁a ▁w ors ening ▁of ▁the ▁problem ▁behaviour . ▁The ▁ind isc rim inate ▁use ▁of ▁shock ▁coll ars ▁therefore ▁pos es ▁a ▁threat ▁to ▁the ▁safety ▁of ▁the ▁general ▁public , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁w elf are ▁of ▁the ▁animal . ▁We ▁believe ▁that ▁sufficient ▁alternative ▁methods ▁of ▁treatment ▁exist ▁that ▁such ▁electronic ▁training ▁devices ▁are ▁redundant . ▁Therefore , ▁as ▁an ▁association ▁affili ated ▁to ▁B S AVA , ▁it ▁is ▁our ▁duty ▁to ▁recommend ▁that ▁shock ▁coll ars ▁and ▁all ▁other ▁related ▁training ▁and ▁control ▁a ids ▁should ▁be ▁b anned ▁from ▁sale ▁or ▁use ". ▁C AB TS G ▁has ▁been ▁renamed ▁the ▁British ▁V eter inary ▁Be