▁to ▁a ▁fundamental ▁root ". ▁He ▁defined ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁fund ament ally ▁subject ive ▁category : ▁" at onal ▁music ▁is ▁music ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁person ▁who ▁is ▁using ▁the ▁word ▁cannot ▁hear ▁t onal ▁cent ers " ▁. ▁ ▁One ▁difficulty ▁is ▁that ▁even ▁an ▁otherwise ▁" at onal " ▁work , ▁ton ality ▁" by ▁assertion " ▁is ▁normally ▁heard ▁on ▁the ▁them atic ▁or ▁linear ▁level . ▁That ▁is , ▁cent ric ity ▁may ▁be ▁established ▁through ▁the ▁repet ition ▁of ▁a ▁central ▁pitch ▁or ▁from ▁emphas is ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁instrument ation , ▁register , ▁rh yth mic ▁el ong ation , ▁or ▁metric ▁acc ent ▁. ▁ ▁Crit ic ism ▁of ▁at onal ▁music ▁ ▁Swiss ▁conduct or , ▁composer , ▁and ▁musical ▁phil os opher ▁Ernest ▁An ser met , ▁a ▁critic ▁of ▁at onal ▁music , ▁wrote ▁extens ively ▁on ▁this ▁in ▁the ▁book ▁Les ▁fon de ments ▁de ▁la ▁musique ▁dans ▁la ▁conscience ▁hum aine ▁( The ▁Found ations ▁of ▁Music ▁in ▁Human ▁Cons cious ness ) ▁, ▁where ▁he ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁classical ▁musical ▁language ▁was ▁a ▁pre condition ▁for ▁musical ▁expression ▁with ▁its ▁clear , ▁harm on ious ▁structures . ▁An ser met ▁argued ▁that ▁a ▁tone ▁system ▁can ▁only ▁lead ▁to ▁a ▁uniform ▁per ception ▁of ▁music ▁if ▁it ▁is ▁dedu ced ▁from ▁just ▁a ▁single ▁interval . ▁For ▁An ser met ▁this ▁interval ▁is ▁the ▁fifth ▁. ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁E man cip ation ▁of ▁the ▁dis son ance ▁K