▁M ali , ▁the ▁wealth iest ▁individual ▁of ▁the ▁medieval ▁times , ▁and ▁according ▁to ▁various ▁sources ▁as ▁history ' s ▁ever . ▁ ▁Events ▁▁ ▁The ▁transition ▁from ▁the ▁Med ieval ▁W arm ▁Period ▁to ▁the ▁Little ▁Ice ▁Age . ▁ ▁Begin ning ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire , ▁early ▁expansion ▁into ▁the ▁B alk ans . ▁ ▁Early ▁ 1 4 th ▁century : ▁Att ributed ▁to ▁K ao ▁N ing a ▁Mon k ▁S ew ing ▁is ▁made . ▁Kam ak ura ▁period . ▁It ▁is ▁now ▁kept ▁at ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Museum ▁of ▁Art . ▁ ▁An ▁account ▁of ▁Bud d ha ' s ▁life , ▁translated ▁earlier ▁into ▁Greek ▁by ▁Saint ▁John ▁of ▁Dam asc us ▁and ▁widely ▁circul ated ▁to ▁Christians ▁as ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁Bar la am ▁and ▁Jos ap hat , ▁became ▁so ▁popular ▁that ▁the ▁two ▁were ▁v ener ated ▁as ▁sain ts . ▁ ▁Singapore ▁emer ges ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁as ▁a ▁fort ified ▁city ▁and ▁trad ing ▁centre ▁of ▁some ▁importance . ▁ ▁Islam ▁reaches ▁Ter eng gan u , ▁on ▁the ▁Mal ay ▁Pen ins ula . ▁ ▁The ▁Haus a ▁found ▁several ▁city - states ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁modern ▁Niger . ▁ ▁The ▁poet ▁Pet r arch ▁co ins ▁the ▁term ▁Dark ▁A ges ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁preceding ▁ 9 0 0 ▁years ▁in ▁Europe , ▁beginning ▁with ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁in ▁ 4 7 6 ▁through ▁to ▁the ▁renew al ▁emb od ied ▁in