▁considered ▁the ▁first ▁an atom ically ▁modern ▁humans ▁in ▁Europe . ▁They ▁entered ▁E uras ia ▁by ▁the ▁Zag ros ▁Mountains ▁( near ▁present - day ▁Iran ▁and ▁eastern ▁Turkey ) ▁around ▁ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁years ▁ago , ▁with ▁one ▁group ▁rapidly ▁sett ling ▁coast al ▁areas ▁around ▁the ▁Indian ▁Ocean ▁and ▁another ▁migr ating ▁north ▁to ▁the ▁ste pp es ▁of ▁Central ▁Asia . ▁Modern ▁human ▁remains ▁d ating ▁to ▁ 4 3 – 4 5 , 0 0 0 ▁years ▁ago ▁have ▁been ▁discovered ▁in ▁Italy ▁and ▁Britain , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁European ▁Russian ▁Ar ctic ▁from ▁ 4 0 , 0 0 0 ▁years ▁ago . ▁ ▁Hum ans ▁colon ised ▁the ▁environment ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁Ur als , ▁hunting ▁rein de er ▁especially , ▁but ▁were ▁faced ▁with ▁adapt ive ▁challeng es ; ▁winter ▁temper atures ▁aver aged ▁from ▁ ▁with ▁fuel ▁and ▁shelter ▁scar ce . ▁They ▁travel led ▁on ▁foot ▁and ▁re lied ▁on ▁hunting ▁highly ▁mobile ▁her ds ▁for ▁food . ▁These ▁challeng es ▁were ▁overcome ▁through ▁techn ological ▁innov ations : ▁tail ored ▁cl othing ▁from ▁the ▁pel ts ▁of ▁fur - b ear ing ▁animals ; ▁construction ▁of ▁sh el ters ▁with ▁hear th s ▁using ▁b ones ▁as ▁fuel ; ▁and ▁dig ging ▁" ice ▁cell ars " ▁into ▁the ▁per ma f rost ▁to ▁store ▁meat ▁and ▁b ones . ▁ ▁A ▁mit och ond rial ▁DNA ▁sequence ▁of ▁two ▁Cro - M agn ons ▁from