▁movement ▁and ▁All ama ▁I q bal , ▁driven ▁by ▁a ▁fear ▁of ▁" false ▁sec ular ism " ▁that ▁would ▁assim il ate ▁their ▁belief s , ▁culture ▁and ▁her itage ▁and ▁Islam ic ▁ide ology ▁into ▁a ▁common ▁system ▁that ▁def ied ▁Islam ic ▁civ ic ▁ten ets ▁and ▁ide als ▁while ▁hoping ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁state ▁where ▁their ▁higher ▁education , ▁reform ist ▁Islam ist ▁ide ology ▁and ▁wealth ▁would ▁keep ▁them ▁in ▁power ▁over ▁the ▁other ▁Muslim s ▁of ▁India . ▁▁ 2 ) ▁Real ists , ▁driven ▁by ▁political ▁inf lex ibility ▁demonstrated ▁by ▁the ▁Indian ▁National ▁Congress , ▁fe ared ▁a ▁system atic ▁dis enf ranch is ement ▁of ▁Muslim s . ▁This ▁also ▁included ▁many ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Par si , ▁and ▁N iz ari ▁Is mail i ▁communities . ▁▁ 3 ) ▁Trad itional ists , ▁primarily ▁lower ▁Orth odox y ▁( B arel vi ), ▁that ▁fe ared ▁the ▁domin ative ▁power ▁of ▁the ▁upper ▁Orth odox y ▁( De ob and i ) ▁and ▁saw ▁Pakistan ▁as ▁a ▁safe ▁haven ▁to ▁prevent ▁their ▁dom ination ▁by ▁State - control led ▁propag anda . ▁However ▁leaders ▁of ▁upper ▁Orth odox y ▁such ▁as ▁Sh abb ir ▁A hm ad ▁Us man i ▁and ▁Ash raf ▁Ali ▁Th an wi ▁also ▁supported ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Pakistan ▁in ▁the ▁interest ▁of ▁an ▁Islam ic ▁Republic . ▁ ▁N uc lear ▁power ▁ ▁The ▁inten se ▁gu err illa ▁war ▁in ▁far ▁Eastern ▁Pakistan , ▁followed ▁by