3 . ▁It ▁declared ▁that ▁no ▁ex eg ete ▁was ▁allowed ▁to ▁interpret ▁a ▁text ▁to ▁contradict ▁church ▁doctrine . ▁Later , ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁on ▁the ▁f ift i eth ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁Prov ident iss im us ▁De us , ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁XII ▁issued ▁the ▁pap al ▁en cyc lic al ▁Div ino ▁aff l ante ▁spir itu ▁(' In sp ired ▁by ▁the ▁Holy ▁Spirit ') ▁san ction ing ▁historical ▁criticism , ▁opening ▁a ▁new ▁epo ch ▁in ▁Catholic ▁critical ▁scholar ship . ▁The ▁Jes uit ▁August in ▁Be a ▁( 1 8 8 1 – 1 9 6 8 ) ▁had ▁played ▁a ▁vital ▁part ▁in ▁its ▁publication . ▁This ▁tradition ▁is ▁continued ▁by ▁Catholic ▁sch ol ars ▁such ▁as ▁John ▁P . ▁Me ier , ▁Bernard ▁Or ch ard , ▁and ▁Regin ald ▁C . ▁Full er . ▁ ▁Heb rew ▁Bible ▁scholar ▁Mar vin ▁A . ▁S ween ey ▁arg ues ▁that ▁some ▁Christian ▁the ological ▁assumptions ▁within ▁bib lic al ▁criticism ▁have ▁reached ▁anti - sem it ic ▁conclus ions . ▁This ▁has ▁disc ou rag ed ▁Jews ▁from ▁eng aging ▁in ▁bib lic al ▁criticism . ▁Heb rew ▁Bible ▁scholar ▁Jon ▁D . ▁Le vens on ▁described ▁how ▁some ▁Jewish ▁sch ol ars , ▁such ▁as ▁rabb in ic ist ▁Sol omon ▁Sch ech ter ▁, ▁saw ▁bib lic al ▁criticism ▁of ▁the ▁Pent ate uch ▁as ▁a ▁threat ▁to ▁Jewish ▁identity . ▁The ▁growing ▁anti - sem it ism