fir ▁According ▁to ▁scholar ▁M oo jan ▁M omen , ▁Be h bah ani ▁played ▁a ▁very ▁important ▁role ▁in ▁Sh ii ▁Islam ▁by ▁bringing ▁in ▁" the ▁threat ▁of ▁tak fir " ▁— ▁i . e . ▁declaring ▁the ▁oppon ent ▁an ▁apost ate , ▁apost asy ▁being ▁a ▁capital ▁crime ▁— ▁▁▁ ▁into ▁the ▁central ▁field ▁of ▁the ology ▁and ▁juris pr ud ence ▁where ▁previously ▁only ▁ik ht il af ▁( ag re ement ▁to ▁hold ▁differ ing ▁opinions ) ▁had ▁existed . ▁Bi h bah ani ▁was ▁now ▁to ▁exclude ▁by ▁tak fir ▁all ▁who ▁disag re ed ▁with ▁the ▁principles ▁of ▁reasoning ▁(' A ql ) ▁and ▁i j ti had ▁as ▁sources ▁of ▁law . ▁This ▁p aved ▁the ▁way ▁for ▁a ▁great ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁power ▁and ▁influence ▁of ▁the ▁mu jt ah ids ▁in ▁Q aj ar ▁times ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁evolution ▁of ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁the ▁mar ja ▁at - ta ql id . ▁ ▁Par alle ls ▁in ▁other ▁relig ions ▁ ▁In ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁moral ▁the ology , ▁a ▁distinction ▁is ▁recogn ised ▁between ▁" direct ▁principles " ▁and ▁" ref lex ▁principles ". ▁ ▁Ref lex ▁principles ▁are ▁pres um ptions ▁to ▁be ▁applied ▁in ▁cases ▁of ▁doubt , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁rule ▁that ▁where ▁the ▁moral ▁right ▁to ▁something ▁is ▁unclear ▁the ▁law ▁fav ours ▁the ▁person ▁in ▁possession . ▁ ▁( See ▁Catholic ▁Pro b abil ism .) ▁Such ▁principles ▁are ▁widely ▁found ▁in ▁Western ▁legal ▁systems . ▁