1 st ▁United ▁States ▁Congress , ▁which ▁met ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ' s ▁Federal ▁Hall , ▁was ▁a ▁triumph ▁for ▁the ▁Federal ists . ▁The ▁Senate ▁of ▁eleven ▁states ▁contained ▁ 2 0 ▁Federal ists ▁with ▁only ▁two ▁Anti - F eder al ists , ▁both ▁from ▁Virginia . ▁The ▁House ▁included ▁ 4 8 ▁Federal ists ▁to ▁ 1 1 ▁Anti - F eder al ists , ▁the ▁latter ▁of ▁whom ▁were ▁from ▁only ▁four ▁states : ▁Massachusetts , ▁New ▁York , ▁Virginia ▁and ▁South ▁Carolina . ▁Among ▁the ▁Virginia ▁deleg ation ▁to ▁the ▁House ▁was ▁James ▁Mad ison , ▁Patrick ▁Henry ' s ▁chief ▁oppon ent ▁in ▁the ▁Virginia ▁rat ification ▁battle . ▁In ▁ret ali ation ▁for ▁Mad ison ' s ▁victory ▁in ▁that ▁battle ▁at ▁Virginia ' s ▁rat ification ▁convention , ▁Henry ▁and ▁other ▁Anti - F eder al ists , ▁who ▁controlled ▁the ▁Virginia ▁House ▁of ▁De leg ates , ▁had ▁ger ry m ander ed ▁a ▁host ile ▁district ▁for ▁Mad ison ' s ▁planned ▁con gression al ▁run ▁and ▁rec ru ited ▁Mad ison ' s ▁future ▁president ial ▁successor , ▁James ▁Mon roe , ▁to ▁opp ose ▁him . ▁Mad ison ▁defeated ▁Mon roe ▁after ▁offering ▁a ▁campaign ▁p ledge ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁introduce ▁constitution al ▁am end ments ▁forming ▁a ▁bill ▁of ▁rights ▁at ▁the ▁First ▁Congress . ▁ ▁Origin ally ▁opposed ▁to ▁the ▁inclusion ▁of ▁a ▁bill ▁of ▁rights ▁in ▁the ▁Constitution , ▁Mad ison ▁had ▁gradually ▁come ▁to ▁understand ▁the