▁Hay es ▁which ▁helped ▁define ▁the ▁new ▁area ▁of ▁cogn itive ▁r het or ic , ▁studying ▁the ▁problem - sol ving ▁processes ▁of ▁expert ▁and ▁nov ice ▁writers . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Const ruction ▁of ▁Neg oti ated ▁Mean ing : ▁A ▁Social ▁and ▁C ogn itive ▁Theory ▁of ▁Writing ▁I ▁track ed ▁the ▁strateg ic ▁process ▁of ▁effective ▁student ▁writers ▁and ▁their ▁willing ness ▁to ▁eng age ▁with ▁cogn itive ▁conflict . ▁ ▁I ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁Co - Direct or ▁the ▁National ▁Center ▁for ▁the ▁Study ▁of ▁Writing ▁and ▁Liter acy ▁at ▁Ber keley ▁and ▁Car neg ie ▁M ell on ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁C M U ▁Center ▁for ▁University ▁Out re ach ." ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁Ph . D ., ▁R ut gers ▁University ▁B A , ▁Sim pson ▁College ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁Independent ▁works ▁" C ogn ition , ▁Context , ▁and ▁Theory ▁Building " ▁College ▁Com position ▁and ▁Communic ation , ▁Vol . ▁ 4 0 , ▁No . ▁ 3 . ▁( Oct ober ▁ 1 9 8 9 ), ▁pp .   2 8 2 – 3 1 1 . ▁" Writer - B ased ▁Pro se : ▁A ▁C ogn itive ▁Bas is ▁for ▁Problem s ▁in ▁Writing " ▁College ▁English , ▁Vol . ▁ 4 1 , ▁No . ▁ 1 . ▁( Se ptember ▁ 1 9 7 9 ), ▁pp .   1 9 – 3 7 . ▁ ▁" The ▁Const ruction ▁of ▁Pur pose ▁in ▁Writing