. ▁He ▁had ▁led ▁a ▁re bell ion ▁against ▁Portuguese ▁influence ▁and ▁was ▁defeated . ▁After ▁establish ing ▁their ▁rule ▁through ▁k ings ▁who ▁were ▁nomin ally ▁Catholic , ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁encourag ed ▁and ▁co er ced ▁conversion ▁of ▁the ▁loc als ▁to ▁the ▁Catholic ▁faith . ▁After ▁the ▁defeat ▁and ▁death ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁king ▁C ank ili ▁II ▁in ▁ 1 6 1 9 , ▁most ▁prominent ▁H indu ▁tem ples ▁were ▁raz ed ▁to ▁the ▁ground ▁and ▁restrictions ▁on ▁observ ance ▁of ▁native ▁religious ▁rit uals ▁were ▁instit uted . ▁ ▁The ▁Portuguese ▁were ▁ou sted ▁by ▁the ▁Dutch ▁East ▁India ▁Company ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 8 . ▁During ▁the ▁D uct ▁colonial ▁period ▁the ▁popular ▁N all ur ▁K andas w amy ▁temple ▁was ▁re built ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 7 5 0 s . ▁This ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁rev ival ▁of ▁local ▁literary ▁activity . ▁Local ▁laws ▁such ▁as ▁Th es aval am ai ▁were ▁cod ified ▁during ▁this ▁period , ▁and ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁J aff na ▁Kingdom ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Y al p ana ▁Va ip ava ▁Mal ai ▁was ▁put ▁to ▁print . ▁The ▁Dutch ▁were ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 6 . ▁Although ▁the ▁British ▁did ▁not ▁officially ▁esp ouse ▁any ▁policy ▁regarding ▁religious ▁convers ions , ▁they ▁encourag ed ▁mission ary ▁activities ▁in ▁the ▁Mar itime ▁Provin ces ▁except ▁in ▁the ▁interior ▁erst while ▁K and yan ▁kingdom , ▁where ▁they ▁had ▁agreed