ad ▁( wh ose ▁name ▁gives ▁rise ▁to ▁' G ib ral tar ' ▁-- ▁J ab al ▁T ari q , ▁or ▁' Mount ain ▁of ▁T ari q ') ▁and ▁Mus a ▁ibn ▁N us ay r ▁from ▁ 7 1 1 - 7 1 6 ▁CE , ▁dec im ating ▁the ▁preceding ▁Vis ig oth ic ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Spain . ▁In ▁the ▁year ▁ 7 1 2 , ▁Muhammad ▁bin ▁Q as im , ▁an ▁Um ay y ad ▁general , ▁sa iled ▁from ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁G ulf ▁into ▁S ind h ▁and ▁conquer ed ▁both ▁S ind h ▁and ▁the ▁lower ▁P un j ab ▁( cor respond ing ▁to ▁Mult an ), ▁both ▁regions ▁in ▁north western ▁India ▁str add ling ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁Ind us ▁River . ▁The ▁con quest ▁of ▁S ind h ▁and ▁P un j ab , ▁in ▁modern - day ▁Pakistan , ▁although ▁cost ly , ▁were ▁major ▁g ains ▁for ▁the ▁Um ay y ad ▁C ali ph ate , ▁yield ing ▁roughly ▁ 6 0   mill ion ▁dir h ams ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Arab ▁historian ▁al - Bal ad h uri ▁( not ▁including ▁the ▁tax es , ▁lev ies ▁and ▁duties ▁im posed ▁on ▁the ▁rich ▁trad ing ▁out posts ▁of ▁S ind h ▁on ▁the ▁Indian ▁Ocean ▁routes ). ▁Finally , ▁the ▁commander ▁Q ut ay ba ▁ibn ▁Muslim ▁conquer ed ▁the ▁wealth y ▁and ▁strateg ic ▁Central ▁Asian ▁cities ▁of ▁B uk h ara ,