as yl um ▁patients . ▁The ▁English ▁translation ▁" outs ider ▁art " ▁was ▁first ▁used ▁by ▁art ▁critic ▁Roger ▁Card inal ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁ ▁Both ▁terms ▁have ▁been ▁critic ized ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁social ▁and ▁personal ▁impact ▁on ▁both ▁patients ▁and ▁artists . ▁Art ▁ther apy ▁profession als ▁have ▁been ▁accused ▁of ▁not ▁putting ▁enough ▁emphas is ▁on ▁the ▁art istic ▁value ▁and ▁meaning ▁of ▁the ▁artist ' s ▁works , ▁considering ▁them ▁only ▁from ▁a ▁medical ▁perspective . ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁mis con ception ▁of ▁the ▁whole ▁out s ider ▁art ▁practice , ▁while ▁address ing ▁th era pe ut ical ▁issues ▁within ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁a est het ical ▁discussion . ▁Out s ider ▁Art , ▁on ▁the ▁contrary , ▁has ▁been ▁neg atively ▁jud ged ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁label ing ▁of ▁the ▁artists ' ▁work , ▁i . e . ▁the ▁equation ▁artist ▁= ▁genius ▁= ▁ins ane . ▁Moreover , ▁the ▁business - related ▁issues ▁on ▁the ▁term ▁out s ider ▁art ▁carry ▁some ▁misunder stand ings . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁out s ider ▁artist ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁specific ▁art ▁system , ▁which ▁can ▁add ▁a ▁positive ▁value ▁to ▁both ▁the ▁artist ' s ▁work ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁his ▁personal ▁development , ▁it ▁can ▁also ▁imprison ▁him ▁within ▁the ▁boundaries ▁of ▁the ▁system ▁itself . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Bibli other apy ▁ ▁Com ic ▁book ▁ther apy ▁ ▁Express ive ▁ther apy ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁psych other ap ies ▁