arma ▁was ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁ac quisition ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁A spre va ▁Ph arma ce ut ical s . ▁Under ▁this ▁um bre lla , ▁the ▁former ▁ph arma ce ut ical ▁companies ▁of ▁Gal en ica ▁– ▁V if or ▁( Intern ational ), ▁V if or ▁and ▁Pot ters ▁– ▁were ▁merged ▁into ▁a ▁fully ▁integrated ▁ph arma ce ut ical ▁company . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Gal en ica ▁acquired ▁O M ▁Ph arma , ▁a ▁ph arma ce ut ical ▁company ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁imm un ology . ▁The ▁US ▁company ▁R ely ps a ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁Gal en ica ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁integrated ▁into ▁V if or ▁Ph arma . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Gal en ica ▁was ▁split ▁organisation ally ▁into ▁the ▁V if or ▁Ph arma ▁and ▁Gal en ica ▁Sant é ▁business ▁divisions . ▁The ▁aim ▁was ▁to ▁create ▁two ▁independent ▁companies ▁by ▁an ▁IP O ▁of ▁Gal en ica ▁Sant é . ▁ ▁The ▁IP O ▁was ▁carried ▁out ▁on ▁ 7 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁the ▁remaining ▁divisions ▁were ▁renamed ▁V if or ▁Ph arma ▁Group ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁The ▁reven ues ▁of ▁the ▁IP O ▁were ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁rep ay ▁the ▁loan ▁of ▁US D ▁ 1 . 5 ▁billion ▁taken ▁out ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1