▁May ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁Ch ah ar ▁People ' s ▁Anti - J apan ese ▁Army ▁ ▁The ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁Tang gu ▁Tru ce ▁en rag ed ▁public ▁opinion , ▁particularly ▁in ▁urban ▁China . ▁Gr oups ▁of ▁Chinese ▁patri ots ▁opposed ▁to ▁Chi ang ▁K ai - she k ' s ▁policies , ▁both ▁within ▁the ▁Ku om int ang ▁and ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Commun ist ▁Party , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁over se as ▁Chinese ▁co oper ated ▁in ▁organ izing ▁and ▁supporting ▁an ▁irregular ▁force , ▁or ▁Anti - J apan ese ▁Al lied ▁Army ▁to ▁resist ▁further ▁Japanese ▁enc ro achment . ▁ ▁General ▁F eng ▁Y ux i ang ▁and ▁his ▁former ▁sub ordinate ▁Ji ▁Hong ch ang , ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁rec ruit ▁many ▁units ▁of ▁former ▁Gu omin j un ▁soldiers . ▁ ▁F ang ▁Z hen w u ▁raised ▁volunte ers ▁from ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁China . ▁ ▁Added ▁to ▁this ▁were ▁the ▁local ▁milit ias ▁driven ▁out ▁of ▁Je hol ▁by ▁the ▁Japanese ▁and ▁Man ch ur ian ▁Anti - J apan ese ▁gu err illa ▁forces ▁under ▁F eng ▁Z han hai , ▁the ▁local ▁Ch ah ar ▁milit ia , ▁and ▁a ▁Mong ol ▁army ▁under ▁Dem ch ug d ong r ub . ▁ ▁Even ▁the ▁Japanese ▁collabor ator ▁Li u ▁Gu it ang ▁switched ▁sides , ▁joining ▁the ▁Anti - J apan ese ▁Al lied ▁Army ▁as ▁did ▁the ▁S ui y