▁M ales ▁have ▁a ▁slightly ▁more ▁pron ounced ▁clo aca ▁than ▁females . ▁ ▁Sub species ▁S . ▁a . ▁at ra ▁is ▁a ▁fully ▁mel an istic ▁( black ) ▁sub species ▁from ▁central , ▁eastern ▁and ▁Din ar ic ▁Al ps . ▁S . ▁a . ▁aur ora e , ▁the ▁golden ▁al pine ▁sal am ander , ▁has ▁golden ▁or ▁yellow ▁sp ots ▁on ▁its ▁back ▁and ▁lives ▁in ▁a ▁small ▁area ▁in ▁the ▁Ven et ian ▁Pre al ps ▁near ▁A si ago . ▁S . ▁a . ▁pas ub i ensis , ▁with ▁less ▁yellow ▁sp ots ▁than ▁S . ▁a . ▁aur ora e , ▁lives ▁in ▁a ▁different ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ven et ian ▁Pre al ps . ▁S . ▁a . ▁pr en j ensis ▁lives ▁on ▁P ren j ▁Mountain , ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Din ar ic ▁Al ps ▁in ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina . ▁The ▁valid ity ▁of ▁this ▁sub species ▁is ▁yet ▁to ▁be ▁confirmed . ▁ ▁Gen etic ▁analysis ▁suggests ▁that ▁the ▁C ors ican ▁fire ▁sal am ander ▁( Sal am andra ▁cors ica ) ▁is ▁the ▁closest ▁related ▁species , ▁and ▁the ▁black - yellow ▁color ation ▁is ▁an ▁ancest ral ▁feature ▁of ▁al pine ▁sal am and ers . ▁Pro posed ▁colon ization ▁from ▁south ▁( P real ps ) ▁to ▁Al ps ▁was ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁fully ▁mel an istic ▁( der ived ▁feature ) ▁S . ▁a . ▁at ra ▁after ▁the ▁last