▁The ▁san ctions ▁were ▁dis cont in ued ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁after ▁the ▁U . S . ▁invasion ▁of ▁Ira q , ▁and ▁the ▁human itar ian ▁functions ▁turned ▁over ▁to ▁the ▁Co al ition ▁Pro vis ional ▁Author ity . ▁ ▁The ▁programme ▁was ▁de ▁j ure ▁terminated ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁and ▁de ▁fact o ▁terminated ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁Although ▁the ▁san ctions ▁were ▁effective , ▁there ▁were ▁revel ations ▁of ▁cor ruption ▁involving ▁the ▁funds . ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁design ▁The ▁O il - for - F ood ▁Program me ▁was ▁instit uted ▁to ▁rel ieve ▁the ▁extended ▁suffering ▁of ▁civ ili ans ▁as ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ' ▁im position ▁of ▁compreh ensive ▁san ctions ▁on ▁Ira q ▁following ▁Ira q ' s ▁invasion ▁of ▁K uw ait ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁Security ▁Council ▁Resol ution ▁ 7 0 6 ▁of ▁ 1 5 ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁was ▁introduced ▁to ▁allow ▁the ▁sale ▁of ▁Ira qi ▁oil ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁food . ▁ ▁Security ▁Council ▁Resol ution ▁ 7 1 2 ▁of ▁ 1 9 ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁confirmed ▁that ▁Ira q ▁could ▁sell ▁up ▁to ▁US $ 1 . 6 ▁billion ▁in ▁oil ▁to ▁fund ▁an ▁O il - For - F ood ▁Program me . ▁After ▁an ▁initial ▁ref us al , ▁Ira q ▁signed ▁a ▁memor and um ▁of ▁understanding ▁(