▁States ▁period ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁after ▁the ▁Civil ▁War ▁began , ▁a ▁force ▁of ▁Tex an ▁caval ry ▁and ▁Ari zon an ▁milit ia ▁under ▁L t . ▁Colonel ▁John ▁Bay lor ▁conquer ed ▁the ▁southern ▁New ▁Mexico ▁territory , ▁including ▁Mes illa ▁and ▁T uc son ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁and ▁the ▁vict orious ▁Bay lor ▁proc laimed ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁a ▁Confeder ate ▁Arizona ▁Territ ory , ▁which ▁compr ised ▁the ▁area ▁defined ▁in ▁the ▁T uc son ▁convention ▁the ▁previous ▁year , ▁with ▁T uc son ▁as ▁its ▁capital . ▁He ▁appointed ▁himself ▁permanent ▁governor . ▁ ▁The ▁proposal ▁to ▁organ ize ▁the ▁territory ▁was ▁passed ▁by ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁Congress ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁and ▁proc laimed ▁by ▁President ▁Jefferson ▁Davis ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 . ▁E ff ort s ▁by ▁the ▁Confeder acy ▁to ▁secure ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁region ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁Mexico ▁Camp aign . ▁Later ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁Bay lor ▁was ▁ou sted ▁as ▁governor ▁of ▁the ▁territory ▁by ▁Davis , ▁and ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁loss ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Gl ori eta ▁Pass ▁forced ▁their ▁retre at . ▁The ▁following ▁month , ▁a ▁small ▁Confeder ate ▁pick et ▁force ▁defeated ▁a ▁Union ▁caval ry ▁pat rol ▁north ▁of ▁T uc son ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Pic ach o ▁Pass . ▁Despite ▁the ▁Union ▁retre at , ▁T