▁phys i ological ▁collapse , ▁and ▁labor atory ▁ab uses ▁... ▁the ▁stim ulus ▁or ▁signal ▁generated ▁by ▁most ▁modern ▁devices ▁is ▁highly ▁controlled ▁and ▁presented ▁to ▁produce ▁a ▁specific ▁set ▁of ▁behavior al ▁and ▁motiv ational ▁responses ▁to ▁it ." ▁▁ ▁In ▁an ▁article ▁for ▁the ▁trade ▁magazine ▁" Office ▁for ▁veter inary ▁service ▁and ▁food ▁control ", ▁Dr . ▁Di eter ▁Klein ▁compared ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁shock ▁coll ars ▁with ▁other ▁elect rical ▁stim ulation ▁products ; ▁" Mod ern ▁devices ▁... ▁are ▁in ▁a ▁range ▁in ▁which ▁normally ▁no ▁organ ic ▁damage ▁is ▁being ▁inf lic ted . ▁The ▁electric ▁properties ▁and ▁performances ▁of ▁the ▁modern ▁low ▁current ▁remote ▁stim ulation ▁devices ▁... ▁are ▁compar able ▁to ▁the ▁electric ▁stim ulation ▁devices ▁used ▁in ▁human ▁medicine . ▁Organ ic ▁damage , ▁as ▁a ▁direct ▁impact ▁of ▁the ▁applied ▁current , ▁can ▁be ▁ex cluded .” ▁▁ ▁" At ▁ 0 . 9 1 4 ▁jou les ▁the ▁electric ▁mus cle ▁stim ulation ▁and ▁contra ctions ▁a ▁human ▁receives ▁from ▁an ▁' ab dom inal ▁energ izer ' ▁fit ness ▁product ▁is ▁expon entially ▁stronger ▁— ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 , 7 2 4 ▁times ▁stronger — ▁than ▁the ▁imp ulse ▁a ▁dog ▁receives ▁from ▁a ▁pet ▁contain ment ▁col lar ▁set ▁at ▁its ▁highest ▁level ." ▁ ▁Techn ical ▁consider ations ▁Electric ▁shock ▁can ▁be ▁character ised ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁voltage , ▁current , ▁wave form , ▁frequency ▁( of ▁wave form ), ▁pul se ▁rate ▁and ▁duration . ▁Although