D IC ▁systems ▁to ▁ac quire ▁accurate ▁de form ations ▁on ▁cur vil ine ar ▁ar ter ial ▁spec im ens ▁subject ed ▁to ▁combined ▁pressure ▁and ▁ax ial ▁loading . ▁Of ▁particular ▁interest ▁was ▁the ▁work ▁performed ▁with ▁Y ing ▁Wang ▁regarding ▁the ▁separation ▁resistance ▁of ▁ar ter ial ▁t issues ▁that ▁in cur red ▁ar ter ial ▁dis section ▁ ▁during ▁mechanical ▁loading . ▁F oc using ▁on ▁fundamental ▁concepts ▁in ▁f ract ure ▁mechan ics ▁to ▁provide ▁a ▁framework ▁for ▁assess ing ▁ad hes ive ▁resistance ▁in ▁bio - material s , ▁the ▁work ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁energy ▁release ▁rate ▁ ▁was ▁an ▁excellent ▁parameter ▁to ▁character ize ▁the ▁separation ▁resistance ▁of ▁dis sections ▁in ▁ar ter ial ▁t issues . ▁The ▁work ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁energy ▁release ▁rate ▁is ▁an ▁effective ▁metric ▁to ▁assess ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁local ▁col lagen ▁content ▁on ▁separation ▁resistance ▁in ▁ar ter ial ▁spec im ens . ▁▁ ▁As ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁D IC ▁methods ▁expanded ▁world wide , ▁the ▁potential ▁of ▁this ▁non - contact ▁method ▁to ▁provide ▁important ▁process ▁information ▁during ▁manufact uring ▁was ▁recognized . ▁Rec ogn izing ▁manufact uring ▁as ▁an ▁area ▁where ▁limited ▁investig ators ▁have ▁been ▁active . ▁S utton ▁worked ▁with ▁colle agues ▁to ▁improve ▁understanding ▁of ▁advanced ▁manufact uring ▁processes ▁in ▁both ▁civil ▁infrastr ucture ▁and ▁selected ▁a eros pace ▁composite ▁applications . ▁▁ ▁The ▁US ▁is ▁rapidly ▁expand ing ▁its ▁use ▁of ▁relatively ▁rig id , ▁prest ress ed ▁concrete ▁rail road ▁t ies ▁as ▁a ▁prec