▁instead ▁of ▁three ▁and ▁half ▁mor as ▁commonly ▁found ▁in ▁ancient ▁Indian ▁literature . ▁ ▁The ▁y og in ▁cont em plates ▁on ▁O mk ara , ▁as ser ts ▁the ▁text , ▁as ▁H ams a , ▁in ▁twelve ▁Kal as ▁or ▁variations ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁mat ras ▁( inton ations ). ▁The ▁variation ▁is ▁produced ▁by ▁the ▁three ▁s var a ▁( note ▁on ▁the ▁musical ▁scale ), ▁namely ▁U dat ta , ▁An ud atta ▁and ▁S var ita . ▁The ▁twelve ▁Kal as , ▁according ▁to ▁Nad ab indu ▁text , ▁are ▁Gh os ini , ▁Vid y un m ali , ▁Pat ang ini , ▁V ay uve g ini , ▁Nam ad he ya , ▁A ind ri , ▁Va ish nav i , ▁Sank ari , ▁Mah ati , ▁D h rit i , ▁N ari ▁and ▁Bra h mi . ▁The ▁manuscript s ▁of ▁Nad ab indu ▁discovered ▁in ▁different ▁parts ▁of ▁India , ▁partially ▁vary ▁in ▁this ▁list . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁Cal cut ta ▁version ▁diff ers ▁from ▁Po ona ▁edition ▁by ▁replacing ▁D h rit i ▁with ▁D h ru va , ▁and ▁Ma uni ▁for ▁N ari . ▁The ▁text ▁suggests ▁that ▁a ▁y og in ▁should ▁cont em plate ▁and ▁be ▁absor bed ▁in ▁the ▁Om ▁with ▁these ▁Kal as , ▁as ▁it ▁leads ▁one ▁to ▁knowledge ▁of ▁At man ▁or ▁Self , ▁helps ▁him ▁overcome ▁three ▁types ▁of ▁Kar ma . ▁The ▁text ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁V ed