▁a ▁scholar ▁in ▁Chinese ▁femin ism , ▁has ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁New ▁Culture ▁Mov ement ▁truly ▁shift ed ▁women ' s ▁att itudes ▁to ▁more ▁liberal ▁t ones . ▁Fem ale ▁ch ast ity ▁was ▁enfor ced ▁through ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁foot binding ▁and ▁the ▁woman ' s ▁way ▁of ▁pay ing ▁respect ▁to ▁her ▁husband ▁and ▁the ▁men ▁in ▁power ▁above ▁her . ▁Having ▁bound ▁feet ▁meant ▁being ▁phys ically ▁held ▁back ▁and ▁controlled ▁by ▁a ▁male - domin ated ▁society , ▁and ▁women ▁during ▁this ▁time ▁wanted ▁to ▁feel ▁more ▁free ▁and ▁independent . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁Party ▁of ▁China ▁officially ▁b anned ▁the ▁practice ▁of ▁foot ▁binding , ▁and ▁strictly ▁enfor ced ▁the ▁ban . ▁In ▁spite ▁of ▁the ▁ban , ▁some ▁people ▁in ▁China ▁continued ▁the ▁practice ▁in ▁secret , ▁even ▁though ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁Party ▁enfor ced ▁the ▁ban ▁by ▁threat ▁of ▁execution . ▁ ▁Th ought s ▁on ▁gender ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁Culture ▁Mov ement ▁During ▁the ▁early ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Culture ▁Mov ement , ▁intellect uals ▁and ▁sch ol ars ▁such ▁as ▁Chen ▁D ux iu , ▁C ai ▁Y uan pe i , ▁Li ▁D az ha o , ▁Lu ▁X un , ▁Z hou ▁Zu oren , ▁He ▁D ong , ▁and ▁Hu ▁Sh ih ▁called ▁for ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁Chinese ▁culture ▁based ▁on ▁global ▁and ▁western ▁standards , ▁especially ▁dem ocracy ▁and ▁science . ▁ ▁G ender ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁central ▁issue