▁employee ▁training ▁and ▁developing ▁systems ▁of ▁higher ▁education . ▁ ▁C rimin ology ▁Emp ir ical ▁studies ▁in ▁cr imin ology ▁support ▁behaviour al ▁change ▁theories . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁the ▁general ▁theories ▁of ▁behaviour al ▁change ▁suggest ▁possible ▁explan ations ▁to ▁criminal ▁behaviour ▁and ▁methods ▁of ▁correct ing ▁devi ant ▁behaviour . ▁Since ▁devi ant ▁behaviour ▁correction ▁ent ails ▁behaviour al ▁change , ▁understanding ▁of ▁behaviour al ▁change ▁can ▁facil itate ▁the ▁ad option ▁of ▁effective ▁correction al ▁methods ▁in ▁policy - making . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁understanding ▁that ▁devi ant ▁behaviour ▁like ▁ste aling ▁may ▁be ▁learned ▁behaviour ▁resulting ▁from ▁rein for cers ▁like ▁hung er ▁satisfaction ▁that ▁are ▁un related ▁to ▁criminal ▁behaviour ▁can ▁aid ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁social ▁controls ▁that ▁address ▁this ▁underlying ▁issue ▁rather ▁than ▁merely ▁the ▁result ant ▁behaviour . ▁ ▁Specific ▁theories ▁that ▁have ▁been ▁applied ▁to ▁cr imin ology ▁include ▁the ▁social ▁learning ▁and ▁differential ▁association ▁theories . ▁Social ▁learning ▁theory ' s ▁element ▁of ▁interaction ▁between ▁an ▁individual ▁and ▁their ▁environment ▁explains ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁devi ant ▁behaviour ▁as ▁a ▁function ▁of ▁an ▁individual ' s ▁expos ure ▁to ▁a ▁certain ▁behaviour ▁and ▁their ▁acquaint ances , ▁who ▁can ▁rein force ▁either ▁soci ally ▁acceptable ▁or ▁soci ally ▁un accept able ▁behaviour . ▁D iffer ential ▁association ▁theory , ▁originally ▁form ulated ▁by ▁Ed win ▁S uther land , ▁is ▁a ▁popular , ▁related ▁theoretical ▁explanation ▁of ▁criminal ▁behaviour ▁that ▁applies ▁learning ▁theory ▁concepts ▁and ▁as ser ts ▁that ▁devi ant