ad hi ' ▁() ▁and ▁in ▁some ▁texts ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁L eng q ie ▁sh izi ▁ji ▁is ▁achieved ▁by ▁med it ating ▁on ▁a ▁single ▁Bud d ha . ▁The ▁third ▁technique ▁was ▁the ▁practice ▁of ▁concentr ating ▁the ▁mind ▁on ▁one ▁thing ▁( gu an ▁y i ▁w u ) ▁until ▁the ▁mind ▁becomes ▁fixed ▁in ▁sam ad hi . ▁The ▁goal ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁these ▁practices ▁was ▁to ▁suppress ▁the ▁stream ▁of ▁thoughts ▁which ▁clouds ▁the ▁mind ▁and ▁allow ▁the ▁pract ition er ▁to ▁gain ▁insight ▁into ▁the ▁pure , ▁radi ant ▁conscious ness ▁in ▁everyone . ▁ ▁M aint aining ▁the ▁One ▁According ▁to ▁John ▁R . ▁Mc R ae ▁the ▁" first ▁explicit ▁statement ▁of ▁the ▁sudden ▁and ▁direct ▁approach ▁that ▁was ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁hall mark ▁of ▁Ch ' an ▁religious ▁practice " ▁first ▁appears ▁in ▁a ▁Chinese ▁text ▁named ▁the ▁Ju - ta o ▁an - h sin ▁y ao - fang - p ien ▁fa - men ▁( J TF M , ▁Inst ru ctions ▁on ▁essential ▁exped ients ▁for ▁cal ming ▁the ▁mind ▁and ▁accessing ▁the ▁path ), ▁itself ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁L eng ▁Ch ' ie h ▁Sh ih ▁T Z u ▁Chi ▁( Rec ords ▁of ▁the ▁Masters ▁of ▁the ▁L ank av at ara ). ▁The ▁Records ▁of ▁the ▁Masters ▁of ▁the ▁L ank av at ara ▁is ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁early ▁Chan ▁tradition ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" E ast ▁Mountain ▁School " ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁dated ▁to ▁around