▁similar ▁to ▁Naz i ▁plans ▁in ▁other ▁cities ▁( e . g . ▁Hamburg ), ▁they ▁aim ed ▁at ▁creating ▁a ▁” Gre ater ▁Ludwig sh afen ” ▁by ▁ag gl omer ating ▁smaller ▁towns ▁and ▁villages ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity . ▁Thus ▁O gg ers heim , ▁O pp au , ▁Ed ig heim , ▁R he ing ön heim , ▁and ▁Ma ud ach ▁became ▁sub ur bs ▁of ▁Ludwig sh afen , ▁raising ▁its ▁population ▁to ▁ 1 3 5 , 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁Ludwig sh afen ▁syn agog ue ▁was ▁destroyed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁and ▁its ▁Jewish ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 , 4 0 0 ▁ ▁was ▁deport ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁O il ▁Camp aign ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁the ▁Al lies ▁conducted ▁bomb ing ▁of ▁Ludwig sh afen ▁and ▁O pp au . ▁Th ir teen ▁thousand ▁Al lied ▁bom bers ▁hit ▁the ▁city ▁in ▁ 1 2 1 ▁separate ▁ra ids ▁during ▁the ▁war , ▁of ▁which ▁ 5 6 ▁succeeded ▁in ▁hitting ▁the ▁I G ▁Far ben ▁plant . ▁Those ▁ 5 6 ▁ra ids ▁dropped ▁ 5 3 , 0 0 0 ▁bomb s ▁each ▁containing ▁ 2 5 0 ▁to ▁ 4 , 0 0 0 ▁pounds ▁of ▁high ▁explos ives , ▁plus ▁ 2 . 5 ▁million ▁ 4 - p ound ▁mag nes ium ▁inc endi ary ▁bomb s ▁( the ▁bom bers ▁also ▁dropped ▁millions ▁of ▁leaf