ance , ▁involving ▁the ▁recording ▁by ▁private ▁individuals , ▁rather ▁than ▁government ▁or ▁corpor ate ▁entities . ▁ ▁Popular ▁culture ▁ ▁In ▁literature ▁ ▁George ▁Or well ' s ▁novel ▁Nin ete en ▁E ight y - F our ▁port ray s ▁a ▁fict ional ▁total itar ian ▁surve ill ance ▁society ▁with ▁a ▁very ▁simple ▁( by ▁today ' s ▁standards ) ▁mass ▁surve ill ance ▁system ▁consisting ▁of ▁human ▁oper atives , ▁inform ants , ▁and ▁two - way ▁" t eles creens " ▁in ▁people ' s ▁homes . ▁Because ▁of ▁the ▁impact ▁of ▁this ▁book , ▁mass - sur ve ill ance ▁techn ologies ▁are ▁commonly ▁called ▁" Or w elli an " ▁when ▁they ▁are ▁considered ▁problem atic . ▁ ▁The ▁novel ▁m istr ust ▁highlight s ▁the ▁negative ▁effects ▁from ▁the ▁over use ▁of ▁surve ill ance ▁at ▁Ref lection ▁House . ▁The ▁central ▁character ▁Ker ry n ▁install s ▁secret ▁cam eras ▁to ▁monitor ▁her ▁hous em ates ▁– ▁see ▁also ▁Par ano ia . ▁ ▁The ▁book ▁The ▁Hand ma id ' s ▁T ale , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁film ▁and ▁TV ▁series ▁based ▁on ▁it , ▁port ray ▁a ▁total itar ian ▁Christian ▁the ocracy ▁where ▁all ▁citizens ▁are ▁kept ▁under ▁constant ▁surve ill ance . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁book ▁The ▁Girl ▁with ▁the ▁Dragon ▁T atto o , ▁Lis b eth ▁Sal ander ▁uses ▁computers ▁to ▁get ▁information ▁on ▁people , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁common ▁surve ill ance ▁methods , ▁as