▁heavily ▁on ▁g ly col ysis ▁and ▁PK M 2 ▁is ▁the ▁last ▁rate - lim iting ▁en zym e ▁in ▁g ly col ysis , ▁sh ikon in , ▁a ▁naturally ▁occurred ▁PK M 2 ▁in hib itor , ▁might ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁suppress ▁cancer ▁cell ▁growth ▁by ▁in hib iting ▁the ▁main ▁source ▁of ▁ATP ▁production . ▁In ▁addition , ▁sh ikon in ’ s ▁effect ▁on ▁cell ular ▁met abol ism ▁may ▁also ▁render ▁its ▁activity ▁to ▁sens it ize ▁resist ant ▁cells ▁to ▁chem other apy . ▁sh ikon in ▁c yt ot ox ic ▁actions ▁on ▁cancer ▁cells ▁are ▁largely ▁through ▁en han cing ▁re active ▁o xygen ▁species ▁( RO S ) ▁generation ▁to ▁trigger ▁cas p ase - dependent ▁apo pt osis ▁and ▁to ▁down reg ulate ▁nuclear ▁factor ▁k appa ▁B - ▁( NF k B -) ▁medi ated ▁matrix ▁metal lo prote in ase ▁( M MP ) ▁expressions ▁to ▁reduce ▁tum or ▁surv ival ▁and ▁invasion . ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁suggested ▁as ▁an ▁adj uv ant ▁to ▁treat ▁lung ▁cancer ▁cells . ▁sh ikon ine ▁indu ces ▁apo pt osis , ▁ne c ros is ▁and ▁Sen esc ence ▁of ▁cancer ▁cells ▁through ▁increased ▁expression ▁of ▁P 5 3 ▁tum or ▁suppress or ▁gene . ▁Exper iments ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁shown ▁that ▁the ▁levels ▁of ▁p 5 3 , ▁p 1 6 , ▁and ▁cle aved ▁cas p ase - 3 ▁significantly ▁increased ▁at ▁ 2 4 ▁hours ▁after ▁the ▁induction ▁of