▁chrom os ome , ▁or ▁even ▁an ▁entire ▁arm ▁of ▁a ▁chrom os ome ; ▁trans loc ations , ▁delet ions , ▁and ▁dup lications ▁of ▁entire ▁chrom os om es ; ▁and ▁increases ▁and ▁decre ases ▁in ▁the ▁expression ▁of ▁int act ▁gen es ▁due ▁to , ▁e . g . ▁the ▁m eth yl ation ▁of ▁gene ▁prom ot ors ▁and ▁various ▁less ▁direct ▁effects . ▁These ▁gen etic ▁ab normal ities ▁effect ▁the ▁W nt ▁signal ing ▁path way , ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁the ▁cell ▁cycle , ▁R NA ▁met abol ism , ▁protein ▁fol ding , ▁and ▁cad her in - related ▁cell ▁ad her ence ▁to ▁ext rac ell ular ▁matrix . ▁These ▁effects ▁in ▁turn ▁control ▁pl asma ▁cell ▁pro l ifer ation , ▁surv ival , ▁apo pt osis , ▁ad hes ion ▁to ▁b one ▁mar row , ▁gen ome ▁stability , ▁and ▁secret ion ▁of ▁mon oc l onal ▁imm un og lob ul ins . ▁▁▁▁ ▁Second ary ▁pl asma ▁cell ▁le uk emia ▁( s P CL ) ▁results ▁from ▁the ▁compar atively ▁slow ▁development ▁of ▁pl asma ▁cell / pl asma ▁cell ▁prec ursor ▁gen etic ▁ab normal ities ▁which ▁initially ▁create ▁a ▁clone ▁of ▁cells ▁that ▁cause ▁the ▁prem align ant ▁condition ▁of ▁mon oc l onal ▁g amm op ath y ▁of ▁und et erm ined ▁significance . ▁In ▁a ▁very ▁small ▁percentage ▁of ▁these ▁cases , ▁the ▁progress ive ▁development ▁of ▁further ▁gen etic ▁ab normal ities ▁serial