▁dynamics ▁provides ▁the ▁unique ▁ability ▁to ▁directly ▁investigate ▁the ▁mechanism ▁of ▁wild - type ▁HE W L ▁and ▁native ▁substr ate . ▁The ▁calculations ▁revealed ▁that ▁the ▁c oval ent ▁intermediate ▁from ▁the ▁K osh land ▁mechanism ▁is ▁~ 3 0 ▁k cal / m ol ▁more ▁stable ▁than ▁the ▁ion ic ▁intermediate ▁from ▁the ▁Phill ips ▁mechanism . ▁These ▁calculation ▁demonstrate ▁that ▁the ▁ion ic ▁intermediate ▁is ▁extremely ▁ener get ically ▁unf avor able ▁and ▁the ▁c oval ent ▁inter medi ates ▁observed ▁from ▁experiments ▁using ▁less ▁active ▁mut ant ▁or ▁non - native ▁substr ates ▁provide ▁useful ▁insight ▁into ▁the ▁mechanism ▁of ▁wild - type ▁HE W L . ▁ ▁In hib ition ▁ ▁Im id az ole ▁derivatives ▁can ▁form ▁a ▁charge - trans fer ▁complex ▁with ▁some ▁resid ues ▁( in ▁or ▁outside ▁active ▁center ) ▁ ▁to ▁achieve ▁a ▁compet itive ▁in hib ition ▁of ▁ly so zym e . ▁In ▁Gram - negative ▁b acter ia , ▁the ▁li pop ol ys ac char ide ▁acts ▁as ▁a ▁non - comp et itive ▁in hib it ior ▁by ▁highly - f av ored ▁binding ▁with ▁ly so zym e . ▁ ▁Non - enz ym atic ▁action ▁ ▁Despite ▁that ▁the ▁mur am id ase ▁activity ▁of ▁ly so zym e ▁has ▁been ▁supposed ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁key ▁role ▁for ▁its ▁ant ib acter ial ▁properties , ▁evidence ▁of ▁its ▁non - enz ym atic ▁action ▁was ▁also ▁reported . ▁For ▁example , ▁blocking ▁the ▁catal yt