or l al ▁Gh ans hy aml al ▁M ash ru w ala ▁( 5 ▁October ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁– ▁ 9 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 2 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Indian ▁independence ▁activ ist ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁bi ograph er , ▁ess ay ist ▁and ▁transl ator . ▁Edu c ated ▁in ▁Bomb ay ▁and ▁A gra , ▁he ▁completed ▁B A ▁and ▁LL B . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁associate ▁of ▁Mah at ma ▁Gand hi ▁and ▁was ▁deeply ▁influenced ▁by ▁him . ▁He ▁extens ively ▁wrote ▁on ▁education , ▁religion ▁and ▁philosophy ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁translated ▁some ▁works ▁in ▁Gu jar ati . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁M ash ru w ala ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 5 ▁October ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁in ▁Bomb ay ▁( now ▁M umb ai ) ▁in ▁M ash ru w ala ▁family . ▁His ▁family ▁belonged ▁to ▁Sur at . ▁He ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁Sw amin ar ay an ▁Sam pr ad ay ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁started ▁his ▁primary ▁education ▁in ▁Mar ath i ▁language ▁in ▁Ak ola . ▁His ▁mother ▁died ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁eight ▁so ▁he ▁was ▁raised ▁by ▁her ▁a unt ▁in ▁Bomb ay ▁where ▁he ▁studied ▁in ▁Gu jar ati . ▁Following ▁pl ague ▁in ▁Bomb ay , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁A gra ▁for ▁school ▁education ▁where ▁he ▁also ▁studied ▁H indi ▁and ▁Ur du . ▁ ▁He ▁received ▁B A ▁with ▁elect ive ▁subjects ▁of ▁Material ▁Science ▁and ▁Chem istry ▁in ▁