▁developed ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁legisl ative ▁frameworks ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁on wards . ▁These ▁legisl ative ▁and ▁policy ▁frameworks ▁include : ▁the ▁National ▁Youth ▁Commission ▁Act , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ; ▁White ▁P aper ▁for ▁Social ▁W elf are , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ; ▁National ▁Youth ▁Development ▁Policy ▁Framework , ▁ 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 7 ; ▁and ▁the ▁D raft ▁National ▁Youth ▁Policy , ▁ 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Education ▁▁ ▁Youth ▁in ▁the ▁twenty - first ▁century ▁are ▁more ▁highly ▁educated ▁than ▁in ▁previous ▁dec ades ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁youth ▁educational ▁opportun ities ▁since ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁apart heid . ▁Old er ▁gener ations ▁have ▁ ▁lower ▁levels ▁of ▁average ▁education ▁achiev ement ▁than ▁younger ▁ones , ▁which ▁is ▁att rib utable ▁to ▁the ▁apart heid ▁government ▁policies ▁regarding ▁education . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁National ▁Census ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 4 0 . 6 % ▁of ▁those ▁aged ▁ 2 0 – 2 4 ▁years ▁completed ▁grade ▁ 1 2 ; ▁only ▁ 9 . 9 % ▁of ▁those ▁aged ▁ 8 0 ▁years ▁or ▁more ▁completed ▁grade ▁ 1 2 . ▁Second ary ▁school ▁en roll ment ▁has ▁increased ▁for ▁dis adv ant aged ▁groups . ▁Despite ▁this , ▁few ▁g ains ▁have ▁been ▁made ▁in ▁decre asing ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁young ▁people ▁with ▁little ▁or ▁no ▁education . ▁Race ▁and ▁gender