1 1 2 9 , ▁this ▁time ▁by ▁the ▁Ch ich ime cas . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 3 2 5 , ▁the ▁Pur é pe cha ▁had ▁become ▁dominant ▁in ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 5 1 0 , ▁the ▁ind igen ous ▁settlement s ▁of ▁Z ap ot lán , ▁Say ula ▁and ▁Z aco al co ▁pushed ▁back ▁the ▁Pur é pe cha ▁during ▁the ▁Sal it re ▁War . ▁ ▁One ▁reason ▁for ▁ancient ▁civil izations ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁was ▁the ▁large ▁depos its ▁of ▁obs id ian ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁Te uch it lán ▁nation . ▁Ev idence ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁advanced ▁pre ▁His pan ic ▁cult ures ▁are ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁center ▁and ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁state . ▁The ▁most ▁important ▁site ▁is ▁I x te p ete ▁in ▁Z ap op an ▁which ▁dates ▁from ▁between ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁and ▁ 1 0 th ▁centuries ▁and ▁shows ▁Te ot ih u ac an ▁influence . ▁Other ▁sites ▁include ▁At it lán , ▁El ▁Mir ador , ▁El ▁Rel iz ▁and ▁Las ▁C ue vas ▁in ▁San ▁Juan ito ▁de ▁Esc ob edo , ▁Por te z uel o ▁in ▁Am eca , ▁Santa ▁Cruz ▁de ▁B á rc enas ▁in ▁Ah ual ul co ▁de ▁Mer c ado , ▁Santa ▁Qu iter ía , ▁H ua xt la ▁and ▁Las ▁Pil as ▁in ▁El ▁Ar en al , ▁La ▁Prov iden cia , ▁Lag una ▁Color ada