wa ▁and ▁other ▁regional ▁tribes , ▁and ▁surv ived ▁the ▁first ▁encounter ▁of ▁the ▁Z ulu ▁Civil ▁War ▁with ▁Z wide ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁G q ok li ▁Hill ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 8 . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 1 9 , ▁Z wide ▁made ▁another ▁expedition ▁against ▁the ▁Z ulus , ▁but ▁Sh aka ▁again ▁changed ▁his ▁tact ics , ▁letting ▁the ▁N d wand we ▁army ▁pen et rate ▁his ▁territory ▁and ▁respond ing ▁with ▁gu err illa ▁war fare . ▁Short age ▁of ▁supplies ▁caused ▁the ▁N d and we ▁to ▁return ▁home , ▁but ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁crossing ▁the ▁river ▁M hl atu ze ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 8 2 0 , ▁their ▁forces ▁were ▁split ▁and ▁defeated ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁M hl atu ze ▁River . ▁ ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁dis integration ▁of ▁the ▁N d wand we ▁nation ▁as ▁Z wide ' s ▁gener als ▁and ▁sons ▁led ▁sections ▁of ▁the ▁N d wand we ▁north wards . ▁One ▁such ▁group , ▁under ▁S osh ang ane , ▁formed ▁the ▁Gaz a ▁Empire ▁in ▁present - day ▁central ▁Moz amb ique ▁while ▁another , ▁under ▁Zw ang end aba , ▁established ▁rule ▁as ▁the ▁wa N g oni ▁in ▁present - day ▁Mal aw i . ▁O thers ▁established ▁themselves ▁as ▁chief s ▁of ▁note ▁in ▁Sw az il and ▁and ▁Z amb ia ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁N d wand we ▁legacy ▁of ▁end uring ▁power ▁that ▁is ▁scattered ▁across ▁Southern ▁Africa