▁the ▁surface ▁pr one ▁to ▁ox id ation ▁by ▁atmos pher ic ▁o xygen . ▁The ▁ox id ation ▁prom otes ▁inst ability ▁in ▁the ▁surface ▁and ▁is ▁und es irable ▁for ▁many ▁applications . ▁Thus , ▁several ▁methods ▁were ▁developed ▁to ▁promote ▁the ▁surface ▁stability ▁of ▁por ous ▁sil icon . ▁ ▁An ▁approach ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁taken ▁is ▁through ▁thermal ▁ox id ation . ▁The ▁process ▁involves ▁he ating ▁the ▁sil icon ▁to ▁a ▁temperature ▁above ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁C ▁to ▁promote ▁full ▁ox id ation ▁of ▁sil icon . ▁The ▁method ▁reported ly ▁produced ▁samples ▁with ▁good ▁stability ▁to ▁ag ing ▁and ▁electronic ▁surface ▁pass iv ation . ▁ ▁Por ous ▁sil icon ▁exhib its ▁a ▁high ▁degree ▁of ▁bio compat ibility . ▁The ▁large ▁surface ▁area ▁enables ▁organ ic ▁mole cules ▁to ▁ad here ▁well . ▁It ▁de gr ades ▁to ▁Orth os ill ic ic ▁acid ▁( H 4 Si O 4 ), ▁which ▁causes ▁no ▁harm ▁to ▁the ▁body . ▁This ▁has ▁opened ▁potential ▁applications ▁in ▁medicine ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁framework ▁of ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁b one . ▁ ▁Sur face ▁modification ▁impro ving ▁cell ▁ad hes ion ▁ ▁Sur face ▁modification ▁can ▁also ▁affect ▁properties ▁that ▁promote ▁cell ▁ad hes ion . ▁One ▁particular ▁research ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁studied ▁the ▁m amm al ian ▁cell ▁ad hes ion ▁on ▁the ▁modified ▁surfaces ▁of ▁por ous ▁sil icon . ▁The ▁research ▁used ▁rat ▁PC 1 2 ▁cells ▁and ▁Human ▁L ens ▁Ep