▁Oxford ▁Research ▁Encyclopedia ▁of ▁Religion . ▁Access ed ▁ 5 ▁Oct . ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁American ▁fundamental ist ▁movement ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁began , ▁at ▁least ▁partly , ▁as ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁nin ete enth ▁century ▁liberal ism . ▁ ▁Some ▁fundamental ists ▁believed ▁liberal ▁critics ▁had ▁invent ed ▁an ▁entirely ▁new ▁religion ▁" comple t ely ▁at ▁odd s ▁with ▁the ▁Christian ▁faith ". ▁However , ▁there ▁were ▁also ▁conserv ative ▁Protest ants ▁who ▁accepted ▁it . ▁William ▁Robert son ▁Smith ▁( 1 8 4 6 – 1 8 9 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁a ▁nin ete enth ▁century ▁evangel ical ▁who ▁believed ▁historical ▁criticism ▁was ▁a ▁legit imate ▁out g row th ▁of ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁Re formation ' s ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁bib lic al ▁text . ▁He ▁saw ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁" necess ary ▁tool ▁to ▁enable ▁intellig ent ▁church go ers " ▁to ▁understand ▁the ▁Bible , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁pione er ▁in ▁establish ing ▁the ▁final ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁supp lement ary ▁hypothesis ▁of ▁the ▁document ary ▁hypothesis . ▁A ▁similar ▁view ▁was ▁later ▁advoc ated ▁by ▁the ▁Prim itive ▁Method ist ▁bib lic al ▁scholar ▁A . ▁S . ▁Pe ake ▁( 1 8 6 5 – 1 9 2 9 ). ▁Other ▁evangel ical ▁Protest ant ▁sch ol ars ▁such ▁as ▁Ed win ▁M . ▁Yam au chi , ▁Paul ▁R . ▁House , ▁and ▁Daniel