, ▁Lu ▁D ing yi ▁was ▁deput y ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Culture ▁and ▁Education ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁People ' s ▁Government ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁and ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Stand ing ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁People ' s ▁Congress ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁At ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁Party ▁Congress ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁he ▁was ▁re - elect ed ▁a ▁C PC ▁Central ▁Committee ▁member ▁and ▁promoted ▁to ▁Polit b uro ▁alternate ▁member , ▁concurrent ly ▁serving ▁as ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁C PC ▁Secret ariat ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁he ▁accompanied ▁major ▁Party ▁leaders ▁Ma o ▁Z ed ong , ▁Li u ▁Sh ao qi ▁and ▁D eng ▁X ia op ing ▁to ▁international ▁meet ings ▁of ▁commun ist ▁parties ▁held ▁in ▁Moscow . ▁His ▁main ▁political ▁activity ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁cultural ▁front , ▁as ▁he ▁directed ▁cultural ▁criticism ▁campaign s . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁a ▁Vice ▁Premier ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁Council , ▁and ▁Minister ▁of ▁Culture ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁Short ly ▁after , ▁the ▁Cultural ▁Revolution ▁broke ▁out ▁and ▁Lu ▁D ing yi ▁was ▁accused ▁of ▁being ▁a ▁prom oter ▁of ▁the ▁reaction ary ▁line ▁in ▁culture , ▁since ▁he ▁didn ' t ▁ad here ▁to ▁Ma o ▁Z ed ong ' s ▁idea ▁that ▁culture ▁should ▁extens ively ▁serve ▁pro let arian ▁politics .