▁Brazil , ▁who ▁in ▁ 1 5 6 5 ▁occupied ▁the ▁plain ▁between ▁Dog ▁Face ▁Hill ▁( Mor ro ▁Car a ▁de ▁C ão ) ▁and ▁the ▁Sug ar ▁Lo af ▁and ▁Ur ca ▁mount s , ▁thus ▁lay ing ▁the ▁found ations ▁of ▁the ▁future ▁town ▁of ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro . ▁After ▁two ▁years ▁( 1 5 6 5 – 6 7 ) ▁of ▁blo ody ▁batt les , ▁in ▁which ▁Est á cio ▁de ▁S á ▁was ▁killed ▁and ▁the ▁French ▁exp elled , ▁Mem ▁de ▁S á ▁chose ▁a ▁new ▁site ▁for ▁the ▁town , ▁farther ▁in land ▁on ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁bay , ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁Hill ▁of ▁Rest ▁( Mor ro ▁do ▁Des c ans o ), ▁or ▁St . ▁Janu arius ▁Hill ▁( S ão ▁Janu ário ), ▁later ▁called ▁the ▁Castle ▁Hill ▁( Mor ro ▁do ▁Cast elo ). ▁In ▁ 1 5 6 8 ▁the ▁settlement ▁was ▁laid ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁a ▁medieval ▁cit adel , ▁protected ▁by ▁a ▁bul w ark ▁and ▁can n ons . ▁ ▁The ▁surrounding ▁fert ile ▁land , ▁all otted ▁to ▁Portuguese ▁sett lers ▁by ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁king ▁in ▁enorm ous ▁plots ▁called ▁ses m arias , ▁was ▁plant ed ▁with ▁sugar c ane , ▁which ▁was ▁to ▁provide ▁the ▁col ony ▁with ▁its ▁main ▁source ▁of ▁income . ▁In ▁ 1 6 6 0 ▁the ▁community ▁became ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁southern ▁captain cies ▁( Port ug uese ▁administrative ▁units