agger ation ▁or ▁enh ancement ▁of ▁meaning ▁by ▁transl ators . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁terms ▁which ▁are ▁context ually ▁specific ▁may ▁not ▁translate ▁into ▁another ▁language ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁weight ▁or ▁meaning . ▁ ▁In ▁particular , ▁data ▁collection ▁instruments ▁need ▁to ▁take ▁meaning ▁into ▁account ▁as ▁the ▁subject ▁matter ▁may ▁not ▁be ▁considered ▁sensitive ▁in ▁a ▁particular ▁context ▁might ▁prove ▁to ▁be ▁sensitive ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁evaluation ▁is ▁taking ▁place . ▁ ▁Thus , ▁evalu ators ▁need ▁to ▁take ▁into ▁account ▁two ▁important ▁concepts ▁when ▁admin ister ing ▁data ▁collection ▁tools : ▁lex ical ▁equivalence ▁and ▁concept ual ▁equivalence . ▁ ▁Lex ical ▁equivalence ▁asks ▁the ▁question : ▁how ▁does ▁one ▁phrase ▁a ▁question ▁in ▁two ▁languages ▁using ▁the ▁same ▁words ? ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁difficult ▁task ▁to ▁accomplish , ▁and ▁uses ▁of ▁techniques ▁such ▁as ▁back - trans lation ▁may ▁aid ▁the ▁evalu ator ▁but ▁may ▁not ▁result ▁in ▁perfect ▁trans ference ▁of ▁meaning . ▁ ▁This ▁leads ▁to ▁the ▁next ▁point , ▁concept ual ▁equivalence . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁common ▁occurrence ▁for ▁concepts ▁to ▁transfer ▁un ambigu ously ▁from ▁one ▁culture ▁to ▁another . ▁ ▁Data ▁collection ▁instruments ▁which ▁have ▁not ▁under g one ▁ade qu ate ▁testing ▁and ▁pil oting ▁may ▁therefore ▁render ▁results ▁which ▁are ▁not ▁useful ▁as ▁the ▁concepts ▁which ▁are ▁measured ▁by ▁the ▁instrument ▁may ▁have ▁taken ▁on ▁a ▁different ▁meaning ▁and ▁thus ▁rendered ▁the ▁instrument ▁un re li able ▁and ▁invalid . ▁ ▁Thus , ▁it ▁can ▁be