- to - date ▁on ▁the ▁latest ▁find ings ▁of ▁science ▁and ▁in ▁t une ▁with ▁the ▁developing ▁zeit ge ist , ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁early ▁tw enti eth ▁century , ▁perhaps ▁influenced ▁by ▁W . E . B . ▁Du ▁Bo is ▁and ▁German - born ▁Franz ▁Bo as ▁he ▁began ▁to ▁focus ▁more ▁on ▁the ▁question ▁of ▁race . ▁ ▁During ▁this ▁period ▁his ▁views ▁on ▁race ▁were ▁arg u ably ▁more ▁progress ive ▁and ▁in ▁t une ▁with ▁modern ▁standards ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁white ▁academic ▁of ▁the ▁time . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 0 s , ▁as ▁editor ▁of ▁the ▁Icon oc last , ▁he ▁published ▁the ▁articles ▁by ▁Frederick ▁Douglas ▁ ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁found ing ▁of ▁Howard ▁University . ▁Later , ▁while ▁Charlotte ▁Per kins ▁Gil man ▁and ▁many ▁soci olog ists ▁supported ▁the ▁e ugen ics ▁movement , ▁he ▁vig or ously ▁opposed ▁it . ▁Later ▁Franz ▁Bo az ▁perhaps ▁even ▁more ▁strongly ▁comb ated ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁white ▁supre m acy . ▁ ▁L amar ck ian ism ▁Ward ▁is ▁often ▁categor ized ▁as ▁being ▁a ▁follow er ▁of ▁Jean - B apt iste ▁L amar ck . ▁Ward ' s ▁article ▁" Ne o - D ar win ism ▁and ▁Ne o - L amar ck ism " ▁shows ▁Ward ▁had ▁a ▁s oph istic ated ▁understanding ▁of ▁this ▁subject . ▁While ▁he ▁clearly ▁described ▁himself ▁as ▁being ▁a ▁Ne o - L amar ck ian , ▁he ▁completely ▁and