pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Italy <0x0A> </s> ▁Pierre ▁Dub ois ▁( c . ▁ 1 2 5 5 ▁– ▁after . ▁ 1 3 2 1 ), ▁a ▁French ▁public ist ▁in ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Philip ▁the ▁Fair , ▁was ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁political ▁pam ph lets ▁em body ing ▁original ▁and ▁d aring ▁views . ▁ ▁Dub ois ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁Jean ▁du ▁T illet ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th , ▁and ▁to ▁Pierre ▁Dup uy ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century , ▁but ▁remained ▁pract ically ▁forgotten ▁until ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁when ▁his ▁history ▁was ▁re construct ed ▁from ▁his ▁works . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁Norman ▁by ▁birth , ▁probably ▁a ▁native ▁of ▁C out ances , ▁where ▁he ▁exerc ised ▁the ▁functions ▁of ▁royal ▁advoc ate ▁of ▁the ▁ba illi age ▁and ▁pro cur ator ▁of ▁the ▁university . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Dub ois ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Norm andy , ▁France ▁and ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Paris , ▁where ▁he ▁heard ▁St . ▁Thomas ▁Aqu inas ▁and ▁S iger ▁of ▁B rab ant . ▁He ▁was , ▁never theless , ▁no ▁ad her ent ▁of ▁the ▁sch ol astic ▁philosophy , ▁and ▁appears ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁convers ant ▁with ▁the ▁works ▁of ▁Roger ▁Ba con . ▁Although ▁he ▁never ▁held ▁any ▁important ▁political ▁office , ▁he ▁must ▁have ▁been ▁in ▁the ▁confidence ▁of ▁the ▁court ▁when , ▁in ▁ 1 3 0