▁In ▁response ▁to ▁scar - ind uc ing ▁factors , ▁ast ro cy tes ▁up ▁reg ulate ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁ch ond roit in ▁sul f ate ▁prote og ly c ans . ▁Ast ro cy tes ▁are ▁a ▁pre domin ant ▁type ▁of ▁gli al ▁cell ▁in ▁the ▁central ▁nerv ous ▁system ▁that ▁provide ▁many ▁functions ▁including ▁damage ▁mit ig ation , ▁repair , ▁and ▁gli al ▁scar ▁formation . ▁The ▁R ho A ▁path way ▁is ▁involved . ▁Ch ond roit in ▁sul f ate ▁prote og ly c ans ▁( C SP G s ) ▁have ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁be ▁up ▁reg ulated ▁in ▁the ▁central ▁nerv ous ▁system ▁( C NS ) ▁following ▁injury . ▁Re pe ating ▁dis ac char ides ▁of ▁gl uc ur onic ▁acid ▁and ▁gal act os am ine , ▁g ly cos amin og ly c ans ▁( CS - G AG s ), ▁are ▁c oval ently ▁couple d ▁to ▁the ▁protein ▁core ▁C SP G s . ▁C SP G s ▁have ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁in hib it ▁reg ener ation ▁in ▁vit ro ▁and ▁in ▁v ivo , ▁but ▁the ▁role ▁that ▁the ▁C SP G ▁core ▁protein ▁vs . ▁CS - G AG s ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁studied ▁until ▁recently . ▁ ▁Ker atan ▁sul f ate ▁prote og ly c ans ▁Like ▁the ▁ch ond roit in ▁sul f ate ▁prote og ly c ans , ▁ker atan ▁sul f ate ▁prote og ly can ▁( K SP