▁To ▁resolve ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁in compat ib ilities ▁resulting ▁from ▁' s ▁properties , ▁C ++ 1 1 ▁added ▁two ▁new ▁classes : ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁( made ▁up ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁types ▁ ▁and ▁), ▁which ▁are ▁the ▁given ▁number ▁of ▁bits ▁per ▁code ▁unit ▁on ▁all ▁platforms . ▁C ++ 1 1 ▁also ▁added ▁new ▁string ▁liter als ▁of ▁ 1 6 - bit ▁and ▁ 3 2 - bit ▁" char acters " ▁and ▁syntax ▁for ▁putting ▁Unicode ▁code ▁points ▁into ▁null - termin ated ▁( C - style ) ▁strings . ▁ ▁A ▁ ▁is ▁guaranteed ▁to ▁be ▁special izable ▁for ▁any ▁type ▁with ▁a ▁ ▁struct ▁to ▁accomp any ▁it . ▁As ▁of ▁C ++ 1 1 , ▁only ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁special izations ▁are ▁required ▁to ▁be ▁implemented ▁in ▁the ▁standard ▁library ; ▁any ▁other ▁types ▁are ▁implementation - defined . ▁Each ▁special ization ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁Standard ▁Library ▁container , ▁and ▁thus ▁the ▁Standard ▁Library ▁algorithms ▁can ▁be ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁code ▁units ▁in ▁strings . ▁ ▁Crit iques ▁The ▁design ▁of ▁ ▁has ▁been ▁held ▁up ▁as ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁mon ol ith ic ▁design ▁by ▁Her b ▁S utter , ▁who ▁reck ons ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 3 ▁member ▁functions ▁on ▁the ▁class ▁in ▁C ++ 9 8 , ▁ 7 1 ▁could ▁have ▁been ▁dec ou ple d ▁without ▁loss ▁of ▁implementation ▁efficiency . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : C ++ ▁Category : C ++ ▁Standard ▁Library ▁C