▁Latin : ▁cor tex , ▁b ark ) ▁is ▁a ▁machine ▁for ▁stri pping ▁the ▁skin , ▁b ark , ▁or ▁r ind ▁off ▁n uts , ▁wood , ▁plant ▁stal ks , ▁gra in , ▁etc ., ▁in ▁prepar ation ▁for ▁further ▁processing . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁a ▁far mer ▁named ▁Bern ag oz zi ▁from ▁Bolog na ▁manufact ured ▁a ▁machine ▁called ▁a " s ca ve zz atrice ", ▁a ▁dec ort icator ▁for ▁h emp . ▁A ▁working ▁h emp ▁dec ort icator ▁from ▁ 1 8 9 0 , ▁manufact ured ▁in ▁Germany , ▁is ▁preserved ▁in ▁a ▁museum ▁in ▁Bolog na . ▁▁▁ ▁Mis con ception s ▁about ▁early ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁device ▁include ▁the ▁suggestion ▁that ▁the ▁first ▁working ▁h emp ▁dec ort icator ▁was ▁invent ed ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁there ▁were ▁already ▁five ▁different ▁kinds ▁of ▁" machine ▁bra kes " ▁for ▁h emp ▁in ▁use ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁still ▁others ▁in ▁Europe . ▁ ▁In ▁Italy , ▁the " s ca ve zz atrice " ▁f aded ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁because ▁of ▁mon opol isation ▁from ▁foss il ▁fuel , ▁paper ▁interests , ▁synth etic ▁materials ▁and ▁from ▁other ▁less ▁prof itable ▁cro ps . ▁ ▁Many ▁types ▁of ▁dec ort ic ators ▁have ▁been ▁developed ▁since ▁ 1 8 9 0 . ▁