▁to ▁feelings ▁of ▁inequality . ▁ ▁Cam ara ▁Ph yll is ▁Jones ▁defines ▁institution al ized ▁rac ism ▁as ▁the ▁structures , ▁policies , ▁practices , ▁and ▁norm s ▁resulting ▁in ▁differential ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁goods , ▁services , ▁and ▁opportun ities ▁of ▁society ▁by ▁race . ▁Institution al ized ▁rac ism ▁is ▁norm ative , ▁sometimes ▁legal ized ▁and ▁often ▁manifest s ▁as ▁inherited ▁dis adv antage . ▁It ▁is ▁struct ural , ▁having ▁been ▁absor bed ▁into ▁our ▁institutions ▁of ▁custom , ▁practice ▁and ▁law , ▁so ▁there ▁need ▁not ▁be ▁an ▁ident ifiable ▁off ender . ▁Indeed , ▁institution al ized ▁rac ism ▁is ▁often ▁evident ▁as ▁in action ▁in ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁need . ▁ ▁Institution al ized ▁rac ism ▁manifest s ▁itself ▁both ▁in ▁material ▁conditions ▁and ▁in ▁access ▁to ▁power . ▁With ▁regard ▁to ▁material ▁conditions , ▁examples ▁include ▁differential ▁access ▁to ▁quality ▁education , ▁sound ▁housing , ▁gain ful ▁employ ment , ▁appropriate ▁medical ▁facilities ▁and ▁a ▁clean ▁environment . ▁ ▁Sol id ▁Gr ound , ▁an ▁organization ▁that ▁works ▁to ▁combat ▁pover ty , ▁describes ▁institution al ized ▁rac ism ▁as ▁the ▁system atic ▁dis sem ination ▁of ▁opportun ities , ▁power , ▁and ▁resources . ▁Institution al ▁rac ism ▁dates ▁back ▁to ▁sla very , ▁seg reg ation , ▁intern ment ▁cam ps , ▁and ▁Indian ▁res erv ations . ▁Institution al ▁rac ism ▁can ▁be ▁present ▁in ▁institutions ▁mainly ▁designed ▁to ▁benefit ▁and ▁c ater ▁to ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁white ▁people . ▁Bank