▁José ▁María ▁de ▁Ind ias ▁who ▁continued ▁the ▁family ▁business . ▁ ▁European ▁studies ▁Bel gr ano ▁completed ▁his ▁first ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁San ▁Carlos ▁school , ▁where ▁he ▁learned ▁Latin , ▁philosophy , ▁logic , ▁physics , ▁met aph ys ics , ▁and ▁literature ; ▁he ▁graduated ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 6 . ▁Dom ingo ▁had ▁sufficient ▁success ▁as ▁merchant ▁to ▁send ▁his ▁two ▁sons ▁Francisco ▁and ▁Manuel ▁to ▁study ▁in ▁Europe . ▁He ▁expected ▁them ▁to ▁study ▁commerce , ▁but ▁Manuel ▁decided ▁to ▁study ▁law . ▁Bel gr ano ▁was ▁so ▁successful ▁and ▁att ained ▁such ▁prest ige ▁that ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁VI ▁allowed ▁him ▁to ▁study ▁forb idden ▁literature , ▁even ▁books ▁de emed ▁as ▁her et ical , ▁except ing ▁only ▁the ▁ast ro log ical ▁and ▁obsc ene ▁books . ▁In ▁this ▁way ▁he ▁came ▁into ▁contact ▁with ▁authors ▁like ▁Mont es qu ieu , ▁R ous seau , ▁and ▁Fil ang ieri , ▁who ▁were ▁forb idden ▁in ▁Spain . ▁ ▁Bel gr ano ▁studied ▁near ▁the ▁intellectual ▁el ite ▁of ▁Spain , ▁and ▁by ▁that ▁time ▁there ▁were ▁he ated ▁discuss ions ▁about ▁the ▁on going ▁French ▁Revolution . ▁The ▁principles ▁of ▁equality ▁and ▁freedom , ▁the ▁universal ▁scope ▁of ▁the ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁the ▁Rights ▁of ▁Man ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁Cit izen , ▁and ▁criticism ▁of ▁the ▁divine ▁right ▁of ▁k ings ▁were ▁constant ▁topics ▁of ▁debate . ▁Among ▁the ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁these ▁ideas ▁it ▁was ▁thought ▁that ▁Spain ▁should ▁be ▁re