▁not ▁been ▁leg ally ▁held ▁by ▁a ▁so ver eign ▁prior ▁to ▁Israel ▁taking ▁control ▁of ▁them . ▁This ▁view ▁has ▁been ▁rejected ▁by ▁the ▁International ▁Court ▁of ▁Justice ▁and ▁the ▁International ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁Cross . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁The ▁area ▁in ▁which ▁E fr at ▁was ▁constructed ▁was ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁settlement ▁during ▁the ▁Bron ze ▁Age . ▁Arch ae ological ▁exc av ations ▁revealed ▁a ▁c emetery ▁consisting ▁of ▁a ▁tum ulus ▁built ▁over ▁a ▁platform ▁structure ▁and ▁more ▁than ▁twenty ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁bur ial ▁c aves ▁of ▁the ▁sh aft ▁tomb ▁type , ▁many ▁of ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁re used ▁over ▁long ▁st ret ches ▁of ▁time . ▁ ▁Class ical ▁anti qu ity ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁ancient ▁aqu ed uct s ▁supp lying ▁Jerusalem , ▁the ▁W adi ▁el - Bi yar ▁aqu ed uct ▁( ), ▁runs ▁beneath ▁E fr at . ▁ ▁Modern ▁E fr at ▁Modern ▁E fr at ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁by ▁Mos he ▁Mos kov its , ▁who ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁mayor ▁of ▁E fr at ▁and ▁Sh l omo ▁R isk in , ▁an ▁Orth odox ▁ra bbi ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁who ▁settled ▁in ▁E fr at ▁and ▁became ▁its ▁Chief ▁ra bbi . ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁he ▁made ▁head lines , ▁when ▁he ▁declared ▁c igare tt es ▁as ▁" tre if " ▁and ▁together ▁with ▁E fr at ' s ▁other