▁face ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁in fil tr ation . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁oper atives ' ▁in fil tr ating ▁an ▁organization , ▁the ▁surve illing ▁party ▁may ▁ex ert ▁pressure ▁on ▁certain ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁target ▁organization ▁to ▁act ▁as ▁inform ants ▁( i . e ., ▁to ▁disc lose ▁the ▁information ▁they ▁hold ▁on ▁the ▁organization ▁and ▁its ▁members ). ▁ ▁Field ing ▁oper atives ▁is ▁very ▁expensive , ▁and ▁for ▁govern ments ▁with ▁wide - re aching ▁electronic ▁surve ill ance ▁tools ▁at ▁their ▁dispos al ▁the ▁information ▁recovered ▁from ▁oper atives ▁can ▁often ▁be ▁obtained ▁from ▁less ▁problem atic ▁forms ▁of ▁surve ill ance ▁such ▁as ▁those ▁mentioned ▁above . ▁Nevertheless , ▁human ▁in fil tr ators ▁are ▁still ▁common ▁today . ▁For ▁instance , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁documents ▁sur fac ed ▁showing ▁that ▁the ▁F BI ▁was ▁planning ▁to ▁field ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁under cover ▁agents ▁and ▁inform ants ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁an ▁anti - ter ror ism ▁directive ▁sent ▁out ▁by ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁that ▁ordered ▁intelligence ▁and ▁law ▁enfor cement ▁ag encies ▁to ▁increase ▁their ▁H UM INT ▁capabilities . ▁ ▁Sat ellite ▁imag ery ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Director ▁of ▁National ▁Int elligence ▁Michael ▁Mc Con nell ▁author ized ▁the ▁National ▁App lications ▁Office ▁( NA O ) ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Hom eland ▁Security