▁people . ▁ ▁Ne vi rap ine ▁may ▁also ▁form ▁a ▁useful ▁component ▁of ▁salv age ▁reg im ens ▁after ▁v iro log ical ▁failure , ▁usually ▁in ▁combination ▁with ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁P Is ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁nucle ot ide ▁reverse ▁trans cript ase ▁in hib itor ▁( N RT Is ), ▁especially ▁in ▁those ▁who ▁have ▁not ▁previously ▁taken ▁an ▁N N RT I . ▁ ▁D osing ▁in ▁children ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁body ▁surface ▁area ▁( B SA ), ▁however , ▁weight - based ▁dos ing ▁algorithms ▁have ▁been ▁released . ▁These ▁gu idel ines ▁include ▁dos ing ▁algorithms ▁for ▁as ▁young ▁as ▁new born ▁b ab ies . ▁ ▁Pre vent ing ▁mother - to - child ▁transmission ▁ ▁A ▁single ▁do se ▁of ▁ne vi rap ine ▁given ▁to ▁both ▁mother ▁and ▁child ▁reduced ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁H IV ▁transmission ▁by ▁almost ▁ 5 0 % ▁compared ▁with ▁a ▁very ▁short ▁course ▁of ▁z id ov ud ine ▁( A Z T ) ▁pro phy la xis , ▁in ▁a ▁clin ical ▁trial ▁in ▁U g anda . ▁A ▁subsequent ▁study ▁in ▁Th ailand ▁showed ▁that ▁pro phy la xis ▁with ▁single - d ose ▁ne vi rap ine ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁z id ov ud ine ▁is ▁more ▁effective ▁than ▁z id ov ud ine ▁alone . ▁These ▁and ▁other ▁tri als ▁have ▁led ▁the ▁World ▁Health ▁Organ ization ▁to ▁end or se ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁single - d ose ▁ne vi rap ine ▁pro phy la