▁▁ ▁Ext reme ▁project ▁management ▁( X PM ) ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁method ▁of ▁man aging ▁very ▁complex ▁and ▁very ▁uncertain ▁projects . ▁ ▁F ▁▁ ▁Float ▁in ▁a ▁project ▁network ▁is ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁that ▁a ▁task ▁in ▁a ▁project ▁network ▁can ▁be ▁delayed ▁without ▁causing ▁a ▁delay ▁to ▁subsequent ▁tasks ▁and ▁or ▁the ▁project ▁completion ▁date . ▁ ▁F oc used ▁improvement ▁in ▁Theory ▁of ▁Con stra ints ▁is ▁the ▁ensemble ▁of ▁activities ▁aim ed ▁at ▁elev ating ▁the ▁performance ▁of ▁any ▁system , ▁especially ▁a ▁business ▁system , ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁its ▁goal ▁by ▁elimin ating ▁its ▁constraints ▁one ▁by ▁one ▁and ▁by ▁not ▁working ▁on ▁non - constraint s . ▁ ▁Ford ism , ▁named ▁after ▁Henry ▁Ford , ▁refers ▁to ▁various ▁social ▁theories . ▁It ▁has ▁varying ▁but ▁related ▁mean ings ▁in ▁different ▁fields , ▁and ▁for ▁Marx ist ▁and ▁non - Mar x ist ▁sch ol ars . ▁ ▁G ▁▁▁▁ ▁Henry ▁G ant t ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁mechanical ▁engineer ▁and ▁management ▁consult ant , ▁who ▁developed ▁the ▁G ant t ▁chart ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 0 s . ▁ ▁G ant t ▁chart ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁bar ▁chart ▁that ▁illustr ates ▁a ▁project ▁schedule . ▁It ▁illustr ates ▁the ▁start ▁and ▁finish ▁dates ▁of ▁the ▁terminal ▁elements ▁and ▁summary ▁elements ▁of ▁a ▁project . ▁Terminal ▁elements ▁and ▁summary ▁elements ▁compr ise ▁the ▁work ▁break down ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁project . ▁ ▁Go al ▁or ▁objective ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁project ed ▁state ▁of