▁issues ▁related ▁to ▁pat ent ▁laws ▁for ▁personal ised ▁medicine , ▁such ▁as ▁whether ▁“ conf ir mat ory ” ▁secondary ▁gen etic ▁tests ▁post ▁initial ▁diagn osis , ▁can ▁have ▁full ▁imm unity ▁from ▁pat ent ▁laws . ▁Those ▁who ▁opp ose ▁pat ents ▁argue ▁that ▁pat ents ▁on ▁DNA ▁sequences ▁are ▁an ▁imped iment ▁to ▁on going ▁research ▁while ▁pro ponents ▁point ▁to ▁research ▁exem ption ▁and ▁stress ▁that ▁pat ents ▁are ▁necessary ▁to ▁ent ice ▁and ▁protect ▁the ▁financial ▁invest ments ▁required ▁for ▁commercial ▁research ▁and ▁the ▁development ▁and ▁adv ancement ▁of ▁services ▁offered . ▁ ▁Re imb urs ement ▁policies ▁Re imb urs ement ▁policies ▁will ▁have ▁to ▁be ▁re defined ▁to ▁fit ▁the ▁changes ▁that ▁personal ised ▁medicine ▁will ▁bring ▁to ▁the ▁health care ▁system . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁factors ▁that ▁should ▁be ▁considered ▁are ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁effic acy ▁of ▁various ▁gen etic ▁tests ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁population , ▁cost - effect iveness ▁relative ▁to ▁benefits , ▁how ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁payment ▁systems ▁for ▁extremely ▁rare ▁conditions , ▁and ▁how ▁to ▁re define ▁the ▁ins urance ▁concept ▁of ▁“ shared ▁risk ” ▁to ▁incorpor ate ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁the ▁newer ▁concept ▁of ▁“ ind ividual ▁risk ▁factors ". ▁The ▁study , ▁Bar riers ▁to ▁the ▁Use ▁of ▁Personal ized ▁Medicine ▁in ▁Bre ast ▁Can cer , ▁took ▁two ▁different ▁di agnostic ▁tests ▁which ▁are ▁BR AC Anal ysis ▁and ▁On cot ype ▁D X . ▁These ▁tests ▁have ▁over ▁ten - day ▁turn around ▁times ▁which ▁results