▁to ▁measure ! ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁ge ological ▁bl ink ." ▁ ▁And , ▁" it ▁is ▁no ▁wonder ▁the ▁eye ▁has ▁evol ved ▁at ▁least ▁forty ▁times ▁independently ▁around ▁the ▁animal ▁kingdom ." ▁ ▁God ' s ▁utility ▁function ▁▁ ▁This ▁chapter ▁is ▁Daw kins ' s ▁take ▁on ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁life ▁or ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁life . ▁ ▁Daw kins ▁quotes ▁how ▁Charles ▁Dar win ▁lost ▁his ▁faith ▁in ▁religion , ▁" I ▁cannot ▁persu ade ▁myself ▁that ▁a ▁benef ic ent ▁and ▁om n ip ot ent ▁God ▁would ▁have ▁designed ly ▁created ▁the ▁Ich neum on idae ▁with ▁the ▁express ▁intention ▁of ▁their ▁feed ing ▁within ▁the ▁living ▁bodies ▁of ▁C ater p ill ars ." ▁ ▁We ▁ask ▁why ▁a ▁c ater p ill ar ▁should ▁suffer ▁such ▁cruel ▁pun ishment . ▁We ▁ask ▁why ▁d igger ▁was ps ▁couldn ' t ▁first ▁kill ▁c ater p ill ars ▁to ▁save ▁them ▁from ▁a ▁prolong ed ▁and ▁ag on ising ▁tort ure . ▁We ▁ask ▁why ▁a ▁child ▁should ▁die ▁an ▁un tim ely ▁death . ▁And ▁we ▁ask ▁why ▁we ▁should ▁all ▁grow ▁old ▁and ▁die . ▁ ▁Daw kins ▁re phr ases ▁the ▁word ▁purpose ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁what ▁econom ists ▁call ▁a ▁utility ▁function , ▁meaning ▁" that ▁which ▁is ▁maxim ised ". ▁Engine ers ▁often ▁investigate ▁the ▁intended ▁purpose ▁( or ▁utility ▁function ) ▁of ▁a ▁piece ▁of ▁equipment ▁using ▁reverse ▁engineering . ▁Daw kins ▁uses ▁this ▁technique ▁to ▁reverse - engine er