▁this ▁land ▁reform ▁was ▁not ▁ade qu ately ▁understood , ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁controvers ial ▁and ▁often ▁contradict ory ▁interpret ations . ▁ ▁Est ab lish ing ▁model ▁far ms ▁ ▁The ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Food , ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Liv est ock ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 4 . ▁The ▁min istry ▁promoted ▁far ming ▁through ▁establish ing ▁model ▁far ms . ▁One ▁of ▁these ▁far ms ▁later ▁became ▁a ▁public ▁recre ational ▁area ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁capital , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁At at ür k ▁Forest ▁Farm ▁and ▁Z oo . ▁ ▁Indust ry ▁▁ ▁The ▁development ▁of ▁industry ▁was ▁promoted ▁by ▁strateg ies ▁such ▁as ▁import ▁substitution ▁and ▁the ▁found ing ▁of ▁state ▁enter pr ises ▁and ▁state ▁banks . ▁ ▁Econom ic ▁re forms ▁included ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁many ▁state - owned ▁fact ories ▁throughout ▁the ▁country ▁for ▁the ▁agricult ure , ▁machine ▁making ▁and ▁text ile ▁indust ries . ▁ ▁Many ▁of ▁these ▁grew ▁into ▁successful ▁enter pr ises ▁and ▁were ▁priv at ized ▁during ▁the ▁latter ▁part ▁of ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁ ▁National ization ▁ ▁Turkish ▁to b acco ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁industrial ▁c rop , ▁while ▁its ▁cultiv ation ▁and ▁manufact ure ▁were ▁French ▁mon opol ies ▁under ▁capit ulations ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁The ▁to b acco ▁and ▁cig aret te ▁trade ▁was ▁controlled ▁by ▁two ▁French ▁companies , ▁the ▁Regie ▁Company ▁and ▁Nar qu ile h ▁to b acco . ▁The ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁gave