av ours , ▁Louis ▁Kru h , ▁" Machine ▁C rypt ography ▁and ▁Modern ▁C rypt analysis ", ▁Ar tech ▁House , ▁ 1 9 8 5 . ▁. ▁ ▁Karl ▁de ▁Lee uw , ▁" The ▁Dutch ▁in vention ▁of ▁the ▁rot or ▁machine , ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁- ▁ 1 9 2 3 ." ▁C rypt ologia ▁ 2 7 ( 1 ), ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁pp 7 3 – 9 4 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Site ▁with ▁ci pher ▁machine ▁images , ▁many ▁of ▁rot or ▁machines ▁ ▁Rot or ▁machine ▁photograph s ▁ ▁Tim eline ▁of ▁Ci pher ▁Mach ines ▁ ▁* <0x0A> </s> ▁Philip ▁Ernest ▁T ind al - Car ill - W ors ley ▁( n ė ▁Frank ; ▁ 2 1 ▁October ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁– ▁ 1 8 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁lawyer ▁and ▁land owner . ▁ ▁Philip ▁Frank ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁son ▁of ▁Ernest ▁Frank ▁of ▁P end leton , ▁near ▁Manchester . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁E ton ▁and ▁Mag d alen ▁College , ▁Oxford . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁called ▁to ▁the ▁bar ▁at ▁the ▁Inner ▁Temple ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁he ▁married ▁Clement ia ▁T ind al - Car ill - W ors ley , ▁only ▁daughter ▁of ▁Nicolas ▁T ind al - Car ill - W ors ley ▁of ▁Pl att ▁Hall , ▁near