▁Japanese ▁and ▁C au cas ian , ▁including ▁Indian , ▁health y ▁volunte ers . ▁The ▁pl asma ▁concentr ations ▁of ▁ser at rod ast ▁increase ▁with ▁increasing ▁dos es . ▁The ▁absor ption ▁of ▁ser at rod ast ▁is ▁relatively ▁rapid ▁with ▁maximum ▁pl asma ▁concentr ations ▁of ▁ 4 . 6 – 6   μ g / ml ▁obtained ▁in ▁ 3 ▁to ▁ 4 ▁hours . ▁Ste ady ▁state ▁pl asma ▁concentr ations ▁of ▁ser at rod ast ▁are ▁reached ▁within ▁ 4 – 5 ▁days . ▁Ser at rod ast ▁is ▁slowly ▁cleared , ▁mainly ▁by ▁he p atic ▁bi otr ans formation . ▁The ▁drug ▁shows ▁b ie x pon ential ▁decay ▁in ▁pl asma ▁profiles ▁with ▁a ▁mean ▁elim ination ▁half - life ▁of ▁ 2 2 ▁hours . ▁Appro xim ately ▁ 2 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁admin ister ed ▁do se ▁is ▁recovered ▁in ▁the ▁ur ine , ▁with ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁ur inary ▁recovery ▁being ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁conjug ates ▁ ▁Chem istry ▁▁ ▁Ser at rod ast ▁can ▁be ▁prepared ▁in ▁five ▁steps ▁starting ▁from ▁p im el ic ▁acid ▁mon o ester . ▁ ▁History ▁Ser at rod ast ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁th rom box ane ▁re ceptor ▁ant agon ist ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁market ▁as ▁a ▁treatment ▁for ▁ast h ma ; ▁it ▁was ▁approved ▁in ▁Japan ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁ ▁Society ▁and ▁culture ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ser at