ital ▁m util ation ▁can ▁refer ▁to ▁permanent ▁or ▁temporary ▁changes ▁to ▁human ▁sex ▁org ans . ▁Some ▁forms ▁of ▁gen ital ▁alter ation ▁are ▁performed ▁on ▁adult s ▁with ▁their ▁informed ▁consent ▁at ▁their ▁own ▁beh est , ▁usually ▁for ▁a est h etic ▁reasons ▁or ▁to ▁enh ance ▁stim ulation . ▁However , ▁other ▁forms ▁are ▁performed ▁on ▁people ▁who ▁do ▁not ▁give ▁informed ▁consent , ▁including ▁inf ants ▁or ▁children . ▁Any ▁of ▁these ▁procedures ▁may ▁be ▁considered ▁modifications ▁or ▁m util ations ▁in ▁different ▁cultural ▁context s ▁and ▁by ▁different ▁groups ▁of ▁people . ▁ ▁Re asons ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁ ▁The ▁vast ▁majority ▁of ▁gen ital ▁cutting ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁is ▁done ▁for ▁religious ▁mot ives ▁( though ▁not ▁all ▁members ▁of ▁gen ital ▁cutting ▁relig ions ▁ad here ▁to ▁the ▁practice ). ▁In ▁both ▁cases , ▁gen ital ▁cutting ▁is ▁done ▁as ▁a : ▁▁ ▁R ite ▁of ▁passage . ▁In ▁Islam , ▁typically ▁from ▁child hood ▁to ▁pub ert y , ▁and ▁in ▁J uda ism . ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁rit ual ▁in ▁which ▁boys ' ▁names ▁are ▁made ▁public ▁to ▁the ▁extended ▁family ▁and ▁the ▁community . ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁identity . ▁Both ▁in ▁J uda ism ▁and ▁Islam , ▁gen ital ▁cutting ▁is ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁bad ge ▁of ▁membership ▁to ▁the ▁community . ▁ ▁Re press ▁sexual ▁pleasure ▁and ▁desire . ▁This ▁is ▁explicitly ▁recognized ▁within ▁both ▁J uda ism ▁and ▁Islam . ▁ ▁Body ▁modification ▁▁ ▁Many ▁types ▁of ▁gen ital ▁modification