▁H ous ing ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Cal ▁D ining ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Unit ▁ 2 ▁Website ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pr inc eton ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁California , ▁Ber keley ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁California , ▁Ber keley ▁al umn i ▁Category : American ▁micro bi olog ists ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Musical ▁national ism ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁musical ▁ideas ▁or ▁mot ifs ▁that ▁are ▁identified ▁with ▁a ▁specific ▁country , ▁region , ▁or ▁eth nic ity , ▁such ▁as ▁folk ▁t unes ▁and ▁mel od ies , ▁rh yth ms , ▁and ▁harm on ies ▁inspired ▁by ▁them . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁musical ▁movement , ▁national ism ▁emer ged ▁early ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁political ▁independence ▁movements , ▁and ▁was ▁character ized ▁by ▁an ▁emphas is ▁on ▁national ▁musical ▁elements ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁folk ▁songs , ▁folk ▁d ances ▁or ▁rh yth ms , ▁or ▁on ▁the ▁ad option ▁of ▁national ist ▁subjects ▁for ▁oper as , ▁sym ph onic ▁po ems , ▁or ▁other ▁forms ▁of ▁music ▁. ▁As ▁new ▁nations ▁were ▁formed ▁in ▁Europe , ▁national ism ▁in ▁music ▁was ▁a ▁reaction ▁against ▁the ▁domin ance ▁of ▁the ▁main stream ▁European ▁classical ▁tradition ▁as ▁compos ers ▁started ▁to ▁separate ▁themselves ▁from ▁the ▁standards ▁set ▁by ▁Italian , ▁French , ▁and ▁especially ▁German ▁traditional ists