, ▁is ▁still ▁used ▁in ▁modern ▁micro scop es . ▁The ▁world wide ▁electron ▁micro sc opy ▁community ▁advanced ▁with ▁electron ▁micro scop es ▁being ▁manufact ured ▁in ▁Manchester ▁UK , ▁the ▁USA ▁( R CA ), ▁Germany ▁( S iem ens ) ▁and ▁Japan ▁( J E OL ). ▁The ▁first ▁international ▁conference ▁in ▁electron ▁micro sc opy ▁was ▁in ▁Del ft ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁one ▁hundred ▁at ten de es . ▁Later ▁con ferences ▁included ▁the ▁" First " ▁international ▁conference ▁in ▁Paris , ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁London ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁T EM , ▁the ▁associated ▁technique ▁of ▁sc anning ▁transmission ▁electron ▁micro sc opy ▁( ST EM ) ▁was ▁re - inv estig ated ▁and ▁remained ▁und e velop ed ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁with ▁Albert ▁Cre we ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁developing ▁the ▁field ▁emission ▁gun ▁and ▁adding ▁a ▁high ▁quality ▁objective ▁l ens ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁modern ▁S TE M . ▁Using ▁this ▁design , ▁Cre we ▁demonstrated ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁image ▁atoms ▁using ▁ann ular ▁dark - field ▁imag ing . ▁Cre we ▁and ▁cow ork ers ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁developed ▁the ▁cold ▁field ▁electron ▁emission ▁source ▁and ▁built ▁a ▁S TE M ▁able ▁to ▁visual ize ▁single ▁heavy ▁atoms ▁on ▁thin ▁carbon ▁substr ates . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁J ann ick ▁Meyer ▁et