▁In ▁Islam ic ▁cult ures , ▁especially ▁between ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁and ▁ 1 7 th ▁centuries , ▁similar ▁arrang ements ▁operated ▁for ▁mini atur ists ▁and ▁artists ▁in ▁other ▁media . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁mini ature , ▁the ▁sh ah ▁and ▁other ▁r ul ers ▁typically ▁maintained ▁a ▁" court ▁work shop " ▁or ▁" atel ier ", ▁of ▁call ig raph ers , ▁mini atur ists , ▁bind ers ▁and ▁other ▁craft s , ▁usually ▁managed ▁by ▁the ▁royal ▁li br arian . ▁More ▁than ▁in ▁the ▁West , ▁the ▁courts ▁were ▁the ▁essential ▁pat rons ▁of ▁large - scale ▁comm issions , ▁and ▁political ▁changes , ▁or ▁changes ▁in ▁personal ▁t ast es , ▁could ▁have ▁a ▁significant ▁effect ▁on ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁a ▁style . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁by ▁which ▁R iza ▁Abb asi ▁is ▁usually ▁known ▁includes ▁the ▁honor ific ▁title ▁" A bb asi ", ▁which ▁he ▁and ▁others ▁were ▁given ▁by ▁Shah ▁Abb as ▁I ▁of ▁Pers ia ▁to ▁associate ▁them ▁with ▁their ▁patron . ▁ ▁Abd ▁as - Sam ad , ▁a ▁Pers ian ▁painter ▁who ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁M ug hal ▁Empire , ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁significant ▁administrative ▁jobs , ▁as ▁indeed ▁was ▁his ▁artist ▁son . ▁ ▁The ▁court ▁remained ▁the ▁focus ▁of ▁patron age ▁of ▁painting ▁in ▁the ▁" sub - M ug hal " ▁pr inc ely ▁courts ▁of ▁India , ▁whether ▁Muslim ▁or ▁H indu ; ▁the ▁ 1 8 th - century ▁painter