▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁several ▁research ▁groups ▁ ▁( not ably ▁that ▁of ▁Ren ek er ▁and ▁R ut ledge ▁who ▁popular ised ▁the ▁name ▁electro sp in ning ▁for ▁the ▁process ) ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁many ▁organ ic ▁polym ers ▁could ▁be ▁electro sp un ▁into ▁nan of ib ers . ▁Since ▁then , ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁publications ▁about ▁electro sp in ning ▁has ▁been ▁increasing ▁expon entially ▁every ▁year . ▁ ▁Since ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁there ▁have ▁been ▁further ▁theoretical ▁develop ments ▁of ▁the ▁driving ▁mechan isms ▁of ▁the ▁electro sp in ning ▁process . ▁Re znik ▁et ▁al . ▁described ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁the ▁Taylor ▁cone ▁and ▁the ▁subsequent ▁e jection ▁of ▁a ▁fluid ▁jet . ▁H oh man ▁et ▁al . ▁investig ated ▁the ▁relative ▁growth ▁rates ▁of ▁the ▁numerous ▁proposed ▁inst abilities ▁in ▁an ▁elect r ically ▁forced ▁jet ▁once ▁in ▁flight ▁and ▁endeav ors ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁inst ability ▁to ▁the ▁electro sp in ning ▁process , ▁the ▁b ending ▁( wh ipping ) ▁inst ability . ▁ ▁Us es ▁ ▁The ▁size ▁of ▁an ▁electro sp un ▁fi ber ▁can ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁n ano ▁scale ▁and ▁the ▁fib ers ▁may ▁possess ▁n ano ▁scale ▁surface ▁texture , ▁leading ▁to ▁different ▁modes ▁of ▁interaction ▁with ▁other ▁materials ▁compared ▁with ▁macro scale ▁materials . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁this , ▁the ▁ult ra - f ine ▁fib ers ▁produced ▁by ▁electro sp in ning ▁are ▁expected ▁to ▁have ▁two