m ud ▁II ▁followed ▁on ▁the ▁example ▁of ▁Peter ▁the ▁Great ▁in ▁Russia ▁in ▁modern izing ▁the ▁Empire ▁and ▁used ▁the ▁dress ▁code ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁which ▁developed ▁the ▁symbols ▁( class ifications ) ▁of ▁fe ud al ism ▁among ▁the ▁public . ▁These ▁re forms ▁like ▁that ▁of ▁Peter ▁I ▁of ▁Russia ▁or ▁Sultan ▁Mah m ud ▁II , ▁was ▁achieved ▁through ▁introduction ▁of ▁the ▁progress ive ▁custom s ▁by ▁decre es , ▁while ▁b anning ▁the ▁traditional ▁custom s . ▁The ▁view ▁of ▁their ▁social ▁change ▁proposed ; ▁if ▁the ▁perman ence ▁of ▁sec ular ism ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁assured ▁by ▁removal ▁of ▁pers istence ▁of ▁traditional ▁cultural ▁values ▁( the ▁religious ▁ins ign ia ), ▁a ▁considerable ▁degree ▁of ▁cultural ▁re cept ivity ▁by ▁the ▁public ▁to ▁the ▁further ▁social ▁change ▁could ▁be ▁achieved . ▁The ▁dress ▁code ▁gave ▁a ▁chance ▁for ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁pers istence ▁of ▁traditional ▁values ▁in ▁the ▁society . ▁ ▁At at ür k ' s ▁Re forms ▁defined ▁a ▁non - c ivil ized ▁( non - s cient ific , ▁non - pos it iv ist ) ▁person ▁as ▁one ▁who ▁function ed ▁within ▁the ▁boundaries ▁of ▁super st ition . ▁The ▁u le ma ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁scientific ▁group , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁acting ▁according ▁to ▁super st itions ▁developed ▁throughout ▁centuries . ▁ ▁Their ▁name ▁was ▁" G er ici ", ▁literally ▁means ▁" back ward ", ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁mean ▁big ot . ▁On ▁February