▁caus ality , ▁as ▁he ▁states ▁in ▁the ▁for ew ord ▁to ▁Richard ▁Wilhelm ' s ▁translation ▁of ▁the ▁I ▁Ch ing . ▁He ▁explains ▁that ▁this ▁Chinese ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁is ▁based ▁not ▁on ▁science ▁as ▁the ▁West ▁knows ▁it , ▁but ▁on ▁chance . ▁ ▁Crit ic ism ▁Some ▁Western ▁think ers ▁claim ▁that ▁philosophy ▁as ▁such ▁is ▁only ▁characteristic ▁of ▁Western ▁cult ures . ▁The ▁German ▁phil os opher ▁Martin ▁He ide g ger ▁is ▁even ▁reported ▁to ▁have ▁said ▁that ▁only ▁Greek ▁and ▁German ▁languages ▁are ▁suitable ▁for ▁philosoph izing . ▁It ▁is ▁still ▁common place ▁in ▁Western ▁univers ities ▁to ▁teach ▁only ▁Western ▁philosophy ▁and ▁to ▁ignore ▁Asian ▁philosophy ▁altogether , ▁or ▁consider ▁only ▁newer ▁Western - infl uen ced ▁Asian ▁thought ▁proper ▁" ph il osoph y ". ▁Car ine ▁De fo ort , ▁herself ▁a ▁special ist ▁in ▁Chinese ▁thought , ▁has ▁offered ▁support ▁for ▁such ▁a ▁" family " ▁view ▁of ▁philosophy , ▁while ▁Rein ▁Ra ud ▁has ▁presented ▁an ▁argument ▁against ▁it ▁and ▁offered ▁a ▁more ▁flexible ▁definition ▁of ▁philosophy ▁that ▁would ▁include ▁both ▁Western ▁and ▁Asian ▁thought ▁on ▁equal ▁terms . ▁In ▁response , ▁O uy ang ▁Min ▁arg ues ▁that ▁philosophy ▁proper ▁is ▁a ▁Western ▁cultural ▁practice ▁and ▁essentially ▁different ▁from ▁z hex ue , ▁which ▁is ▁what ▁the ▁Chinese ▁have , ▁even ▁though ▁z hex ue ▁( origin ally ▁t ets ug aku ) ▁is ▁actually ▁a ▁ne olog ism ▁co ined ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 3 ▁by ▁N