aries , ▁including ▁the ▁armed ▁p em uda , ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁fight ▁the ▁Dutch ▁return ▁with ▁a ▁common ▁un ifying ▁goal ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁but ▁there ▁were ▁ins u fficient ▁resources ▁to ▁last ▁through ▁a ▁longer ▁period ▁than ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁The ▁Dutch ▁return ▁during ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁had ▁to ▁rely ▁on ▁the ▁support ▁from ▁Mal ay ▁arist ocr ats , ▁especially ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁facing ▁t ough er ▁gu err illa ▁opposition ▁after ▁the ▁ce ase fire . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁Mal ay ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁re inst at ement ▁of ▁Dutch ▁rule , ▁represent atives ▁of ▁other ▁groups ▁expressed ▁similar ▁concerns ▁( some ▁T oba ▁leaders ▁and ▁the ▁Chinese ▁community , ▁in ▁particular ; ▁these ▁groups ▁had ▁benef ited ▁econom ically ▁from ▁Dutch ▁rule ). ▁The ▁Chinese ▁community , ▁who ▁were ▁econom ically ▁adv ant aged , ▁were ▁also ▁target ed ▁by ▁the ▁p em uda ▁and ▁their ▁property ▁was ▁seized . ▁In ▁this ▁uncertain ▁milieu , ▁the ▁Chinese ▁community ▁saw ▁the ▁British ▁and ▁Dutch ▁colonial ▁forces ▁as ▁protect ors . ▁ ▁The ▁East ▁Sum atra ▁Union ▁( Pers atu an ▁Sum ater a ▁Tim ur ) ▁had ▁been ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁by ▁the ▁western ized ▁Mal ay ▁el ites ▁to ▁re assert ▁Mal ay ▁and ▁S imal ung un ▁eth nic ▁interests ▁through ▁support ▁from ▁the ▁Dutch . ▁With ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁these ▁Malays , ▁the ▁Dutch ▁attempted ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁federal