▁helped ▁literary ▁criticism ▁move ▁bib lic al ▁studies ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁direction ▁by ▁foc using ▁on ▁the ▁text ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁author . ▁It ▁uses ▁the ▁text ▁itself , ▁the ▁needs ▁of ▁the ▁communities ▁addressed ▁by ▁those ▁texts , ▁and ▁the ▁interpretation ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁formed ▁originally ▁to ▁meet ▁those ▁needs . ▁The ▁canonical ▁critic ▁then ▁rel ates ▁this ▁to ▁the ▁overall ▁canon . ▁Can on ical ▁criticism ▁is ▁associated ▁with ▁Bre vard ▁S . ▁Child s ▁( 1 9 2 3 – 2 0 0 7 ), ▁though ▁he ▁decl ined ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁term . ▁ ▁James ▁Mu ilen burg ▁( 1 8 9 6 – 1 9 7 4 ) ▁is ▁often ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁" the ▁proph et ▁of ▁r het or ical ▁criticism ". < ref ▁name =" H . ▁G . ▁M . ▁W ILL I AM SON "> {{ cite ▁journal ▁| last 1 = Will iam son ▁| first 1 = H . ▁G . ▁M . ▁| title = Re view ▁of ▁H ear ing ▁and ▁Spe aking ▁the ▁Word : ▁Se lections ▁from ▁the ▁Works ▁of ▁James ▁Mu ilen berg ▁| j ournal = J ournal ▁of ▁Sem it ic ▁Studies ▁| volume = 3 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 1 4 5 – 1 4 6 | do i = 1 0 . 1 0 9 3 / j ss / XXX V . 1 . 1 4 5 ▁| year = 1 9 9 0 ▁}} </