▁collect ively ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Bill ▁of ▁Rights , ▁and ▁Am end ments ▁ 1 3 – 1 5 ▁are ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Re const ruction ▁Am end ments . ▁Ex cluding ▁the ▁Tw enty - se vent h ▁Am end ment , ▁which ▁was ▁pending ▁before ▁the ▁states ▁for ▁, ▁the ▁longest ▁pending ▁am end ment ▁that ▁was ▁successfully ▁rat ified ▁was ▁the ▁Tw enty - second ▁Am end ment , ▁which ▁took ▁. ▁The ▁Tw enty - six th ▁Am end ment ▁was ▁rat ified ▁in ▁the ▁short est ▁time , ▁ ▁days . ▁The ▁average ▁rat ification ▁time ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁twenty - six ▁am end ments ▁was ▁ 1 ▁year , ▁ 2 5 2 ▁days ; ▁for ▁all ▁twenty - se ven , ▁ 9 ▁years , ▁ 4 8 ▁days . ▁ ▁Saf egu ards ▁of ▁liberty ▁( Am end ments ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 , ▁and ▁ 3 ) ▁The ▁First ▁Am end ment ▁( 1 7 9 1 ) ▁prohib its ▁Congress ▁from ▁ob struct ing ▁the ▁exercise ▁of ▁certain ▁individual ▁fre ed oms : ▁freedom ▁of ▁religion , ▁freedom ▁of ▁speech , ▁freedom ▁of ▁the ▁press , ▁freedom ▁of ▁assembly , ▁and ▁right ▁to ▁pet ition . ▁Its ▁Free ▁Ex erc ise ▁Cla use ▁guarante es ▁a ▁person ' s ▁right ▁to ▁hold ▁whatever ▁religious ▁belief s ▁he ▁or ▁she ▁wants , ▁and ▁to ▁freely ▁exercise ▁that ▁belief , ▁and ▁its ▁Est ab lish ment ▁Cla use ▁prevents ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁from ▁creating