▁the ▁relevant ▁systems ▁treated ▁in ▁social ▁and ▁behavior al ▁science ▁were ▁" open :" ▁they ▁were ▁embedded ▁in ▁an ▁environment ▁with ▁other ▁systems . ▁For ▁social ▁and ▁behavior al ▁science , ▁the ▁largest ▁system ▁is ▁" the ▁action ▁system ," ▁the ▁inter related ▁behav iors ▁of ▁human ▁be ings , ▁embedded ▁in ▁a ▁physical - organ ic ▁environment . ▁ ▁As ▁Par s ons ▁developed ▁his ▁theory , ▁it ▁became ▁increasing ly ▁bound ▁to ▁the ▁fields ▁of ▁cy ber net ics ▁and ▁system ▁theory ▁but ▁also ▁to ▁Em erson ' s ▁concept ▁of ▁home ost asis ▁and ▁Ernst ▁May r ' s ▁concept ▁of ▁" tele onom ic ▁processes ". ▁On ▁the ▁met at he oret ical ▁level , ▁Par son ▁attempted ▁to ▁balance ▁psych ologist ▁phenomen ology ▁and ▁ideal ism ▁on ▁the ▁one ▁hand ▁and ▁pure ▁types ▁of ▁what ▁Par s ons ▁called ▁the ▁util itar ian - pos it iv istic ▁complex , ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁hand . ▁ ▁The ▁theory ▁includes ▁a ▁general ▁theory ▁of ▁social ▁evolution ▁and ▁a ▁concrete ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁drives ▁of ▁world ▁history . ▁In ▁Par s ons ' ▁theory ▁of ▁history ▁and ▁evolution , ▁the ▁constit utive - c ogn itive ▁symbol ization ▁of ▁the ▁cy ber net ic ▁hierarchy ▁of ▁action - system ic ▁levels ▁has , ▁in ▁principle , ▁the ▁same ▁function ▁as ▁gen etic ▁information ▁in ▁DNA ' s ▁control ▁of ▁bi ological ▁evolution , ▁but ▁that ▁factor ▁of ▁met as ystem ic ▁control ▁does ▁not ▁" det erm ine "