▁ ▁En light en ment ▁criticism ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁En light en ment ▁period ▁( 1 7 0 0 s ▁to ▁ 1 8 0 0 s ), ▁literary ▁criticism ▁became ▁more ▁popular . ▁During ▁this ▁time ▁period ▁liter acy ▁rates ▁started ▁to ▁rise ▁in ▁the ▁public ; ▁no ▁longer ▁was ▁reading ▁exclusive ▁for ▁the ▁wealth y ▁or ▁scholar ly . ▁With ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁the ▁liter ate ▁public ▁and ▁swift ness ▁of ▁printing , ▁criticism ▁arose ▁too . ▁Reading ▁was ▁no ▁longer ▁viewed ▁sole ly ▁as ▁educational ▁or ▁as ▁a ▁sacred ▁source ▁of ▁religion ; ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁entertain ment . ▁Liter ary ▁criticism ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁the ▁values ▁and ▁sty list ic ▁writing , ▁including ▁clear , ▁bold , ▁precise ▁writing ▁and ▁the ▁more ▁controvers ial ▁criteria ▁of ▁the ▁author ' s ▁religious ▁belief s . ▁These ▁critical ▁reviews ▁were ▁published ▁in ▁many ▁mag az ines , ▁newsp apers , ▁and ▁journ als . ▁Many ▁works ▁of ▁Jonathan ▁Swift ▁were ▁critic ized ▁including ▁his ▁book ▁Gul liver ' s ▁Tra vel s , ▁which ▁one ▁critic ▁described ▁as ▁" the ▁det est able ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁Y aho os ". ▁▁ 1 9 th - century ▁Rom antic ▁criticism ▁ ▁The ▁British ▁Rom antic ▁movement ▁of ▁the ▁early ▁nin ete enth ▁century ▁introduced ▁new ▁a est h etic ▁ideas ▁to ▁literary ▁studies , ▁including ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁the ▁object ▁of ▁literature ▁need ▁not ▁always ▁be ▁beautiful , ▁noble , ▁or ▁perfect , ▁but ▁that ▁literature ▁itself ▁could ▁elev ate