▁substantial ▁means ▁closer ▁to ▁the ▁figure ▁of ▁a ▁' bar o que ▁gentleman ' ▁” ). ▁ ▁The ▁early ▁and ▁ind igen ous ▁bi ography ▁of ▁Juan ▁de ▁Esp in osa ▁Med rano ▁by ▁Cl or inda ▁Mat to ▁▁ ▁Cl or inda ▁Mat to ▁de ▁Turner ▁published ▁her ▁famous ▁bi ographical ▁study ▁" Don ▁Juan ▁de ▁Esp in osa ▁Med rano ▁— that ▁is — ▁the ▁Sp ot ty - F ac ed ▁Doctor " ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁in ▁Lima , ▁the ▁capital ▁of ▁Peru . ▁Three ▁years ▁later , ▁after ▁small ▁corre ctions , ▁she ▁published ▁the ▁bi ographical ▁study ▁again ▁in ▁P enc il ▁Sk etch es ▁of ▁Acc laimed ▁Americans ▁( 1 8 9 0 ), ▁book ▁that ▁includes ▁a ▁chapter ▁on ▁Juan ▁de ▁Esp in osa ▁Med rano ▁that ▁Cl or inda ▁Mat to ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁elaborate ▁after ▁obtain ing ▁data ▁from ▁the ▁or al ▁tradition ▁in ▁rural ▁Peru . ▁ ▁Cl or inda ▁Mat to ' s ▁bi ographical ▁study ▁is , ▁in ▁substantial ▁sections , ▁bare ly ▁rig orous ▁for ▁it ▁is ▁trouble d ▁by ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁document ary ▁evidence ▁— a ▁void ▁that ▁she ▁see ks ▁to ▁fill ▁through ▁an ▁exercise ▁of ▁fict ional ization ▁of ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁Esp in osa ▁Med rano . ▁Such ▁purpose ▁( though ▁still ▁la ud able ▁for ▁its ▁ex alt ation ▁of ▁the ▁author ) ▁has ▁led ▁the ▁present ▁academic ▁community ▁to ▁question ▁the ▁legit im acy ▁of ▁her ▁bi ography ▁up ▁to