▁the ▁son ▁of ▁stad th older ▁William ▁V ▁crown ed ▁himself ▁King ▁William ▁I ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁Between ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁and ▁ 1 8 9 0 , ▁the ▁King ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁was ▁also ▁in ▁a ▁personal ▁union ▁the ▁Grand ▁Duke ▁of ▁the ▁so ver eign ▁Grand ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Luxemb ourg . ▁After ▁Belg ium ▁gained ▁its ▁independence ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 0 , ▁the ▁state ▁became ▁une qu iv oc ally ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" K ing dom ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ", ▁as ▁it ▁remains ▁today . ▁ ▁Econom y ▁▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Golden ▁Age ▁in ▁the ▁late - 1 6 th ▁and ▁ 1 7 th ▁centuries , ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Republic ▁domin ated ▁world ▁trade , ▁conqu ering ▁a ▁vast ▁colonial ▁emp ire ▁and ▁operating ▁the ▁largest ▁fleet ▁of ▁merchant men ▁of ▁any ▁nation . ▁The ▁County ▁of ▁Holland ▁was ▁the ▁wealth iest ▁and ▁most ▁urban ized ▁region ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁In ▁ 1 6 5 0 ▁the ▁urban ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Republic ▁as ▁a ▁percentage ▁of ▁total ▁population ▁was ▁ 3 1 . 7   percent , ▁while ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Netherlands ▁was ▁ 2 0 . 8   percent , ▁of ▁Portugal ▁ 1 6 . 6   percent , ▁and ▁of ▁Italy ▁ 1 4   percent . ▁In ▁ 1 6 7 5 ▁the ▁urban ▁population ▁density ▁of ▁Holland ▁alone ▁was ▁ 6 1   percent , ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Republic ▁ 2