▁highly ▁complex ▁non - linear ▁initi atives , ▁such ▁as ▁those ▁using ▁the ▁collect ive ▁impact ▁( CI ) ▁model , ▁require ▁a ▁dynamic ▁approach ▁to ▁evaluation . ▁ ▁Collect ive ▁impact ▁is ▁" the ▁commit ment ▁of ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁important ▁actors ▁from ▁different ▁se ctors ▁to ▁a ▁common ▁ag enda ▁for ▁solving ▁a ▁specific ▁social ▁problem " ▁and ▁typically ▁involves ▁three ▁stages , ▁each ▁with ▁a ▁different ▁recommended ▁evaluation ▁approach : ▁▁ ▁Early ▁phase : ▁CI ▁participants ▁are ▁expl oring ▁possible ▁strateg ies ▁and ▁developing ▁plans ▁for ▁action . ▁ ▁Character ized ▁by ▁uncertainty . ▁Re comm ended ▁evaluation ▁approach : ▁Development al ▁evaluation ▁to ▁help ▁CI ▁partners ▁understand ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁the ▁initi ative ▁and ▁its ▁development : ▁" Develop ment al ▁evaluation ▁involves ▁real ▁time ▁feedback ▁about ▁what ▁is ▁emer ging ▁in ▁complex ▁dynamic ▁systems ▁as ▁innov ators ▁seek ▁to ▁bring ▁about ▁systems ▁change ." ▁▁ ▁Middle ▁phase : ▁CI ▁partners ▁implement ▁agreed ▁upon ▁strateg ies . ▁ ▁Some ▁out comes ▁become ▁easier ▁to ▁anticip ate . ▁Re comm ended ▁evaluation ▁approach : ▁Form ative ▁evaluation ▁to ▁ref ine ▁and ▁improve ▁upon ▁the ▁progress , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁continued ▁development al ▁evaluation ▁to ▁explore ▁new ▁elements ▁as ▁they ▁emer ge . ▁ ▁Form ative ▁evaluation ▁involves ▁" care ful ▁monitoring ▁of ▁processes ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁respond ▁to ▁emer gent ▁properties ▁and ▁any ▁unexpected ▁out comes ." ▁▁ ▁Later ▁phase : ▁ ▁Activ ities ▁achieve ▁stability ▁and ▁are ▁no ▁longer ▁in ▁formation . ▁Exper ience ▁inform s ▁knowledge ▁about ▁which