▁modern ization ▁policies . ▁ ▁Four th ▁Party ▁System : ▁ 1 8 9 6 – 1 9 3 2 ▁ ▁The ▁Four th ▁Party ▁System , ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁interest ▁groups ▁as ▁the ▁Third ▁Party ▁System , ▁but ▁saw ▁major ▁sh ifts ▁in ▁the ▁central ▁issues ▁of ▁debate . ▁This ▁period ▁also ▁correspond ed ▁to ▁the ▁Progress ive ▁Era , ▁and ▁was ▁domin ated ▁by ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party . ▁It ▁began ▁after ▁the ▁Republic ans ▁bl amed ▁the ▁Democr ats ▁for ▁the ▁Pan ic ▁of ▁ 1 8 9 3 , ▁which ▁later ▁resulted ▁in ▁William ▁McK in ley ' s ▁victory ▁over ▁William ▁Jenn ings ▁Bry an ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁president ial ▁election . ▁ ▁The ▁central ▁domestic ▁issues ▁changed ▁to ▁government ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁rail ro ads ▁and ▁large ▁corpor ations ▁(" tr ust s "), ▁the ▁protect ive ▁tar iff , ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁labor ▁un ions , ▁child ▁labor , ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁bank ing ▁system , ▁cor ruption ▁in ▁party ▁politics , ▁primary ▁elections , ▁direct ▁election ▁of ▁sen ators , ▁ra cial ▁seg reg ation , ▁efficiency ▁in ▁government , ▁women ' s ▁suff rage , ▁and ▁control ▁of ▁imm igration . ▁Most ▁voting ▁b loc s ▁continued ▁un changed , ▁but ▁some ▁real ignment ▁took ▁place , ▁giving ▁Republic ans ▁domin ance ▁in ▁the ▁industrial ▁N ortheast ▁and ▁new ▁strength ▁in ▁the ▁border ▁states . ▁Histor