▁to ▁tell ▁a ▁story ▁through ▁characters ▁without ▁giving ▁them ▁a ▁voice , ▁and ▁the ▁sole ▁reli ance ▁on ▁tar ot ▁cards ▁and ▁their ▁interpretation ▁enables ▁him ▁to ▁construct ▁a ▁narr ative ▁in ▁which ▁his ▁characters ▁stories ▁change ▁upon ▁each ▁consecutive ▁reading . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁Georges ▁Pere c , ▁French ▁novel ist ▁and ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁O ul ipo , ▁wrote ▁his ▁work ▁La ▁Dis par ition ▁( A ▁Void ). ▁The ▁lip ogram m atic ▁novel ▁is ▁written ▁without ▁the ▁v owel ▁' e ' ▁appearing . ▁ ▁Mathemat ics - based ▁constraints ▁▁ ▁French ▁author ▁Raymond ▁Qu ene au , ▁upon ▁writing ▁his ▁famous ▁Cent ▁m ille ▁mill i ards ▁de ▁po èmes ▁( H undred ▁Th ous and ▁Bill ion ▁Po ems ) ▁en list ed ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁friend , ▁writer ▁and ▁chemical ▁engineer ▁ ▁Franco is ▁Le ▁Lion na is , ▁whose ▁mathematical ▁background ▁assist ed ▁Qu ene au ▁with ▁the ▁structure ▁and ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁of ▁poetry . ▁These ▁two ▁later ▁became ▁the ▁found ing ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁O ul ipo . ▁ ▁Georges ▁Pere c ▁was ▁also ▁keen ly ▁interested ▁in ▁applications ▁of ▁mathematical ▁problems ▁when ▁it ▁concerned ▁his ▁cre ative ▁writing . ▁His ▁novel ▁Life ▁a ▁User ' s ▁Man ual ▁expl ores ▁an ▁a partment ▁building ▁floor ▁plan ▁that ▁doubles ▁as ▁an ▁en larg ed ▁ten - by - ten ▁ch ess ▁board . ▁Each ▁chapter ▁expl ores ▁a ▁new ▁room ▁of ▁the ▁a partment ▁building , ▁but ▁each