▁to ▁make ▁substantial ▁large ▁scale ▁articles ▁in ▁a ▁reasonable ▁time ▁scale . ▁For ▁this ▁reason ▁medical ▁applications ▁requiring ▁relatively ▁small ▁amounts ▁of ▁fi ber ▁are ▁a ▁popular ▁area ▁of ▁application ▁for ▁electro sp un ▁fi ber ▁rein for ced ▁materials . ▁ ▁Elect ro sp in ning ▁is ▁being ▁investig ated ▁as ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁cost - effect ive , ▁easy ▁to ▁manufact ure ▁w ound ▁dress ings , ▁medical ▁impl ants , ▁and ▁sc aff olds ▁for ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁artificial ▁human ▁t issues . ▁These ▁sc aff olds ▁ful fill ▁a ▁similar ▁purpose ▁as ▁the ▁ext rac ell ular ▁matrix ▁in ▁natural ▁t issue . ▁Bi ode grad able ▁polym ers , ▁such ▁as ▁poly cap rola ct one , ▁are ▁typically ▁used ▁for ▁this ▁purpose . ▁These ▁fib ers ▁may ▁then ▁be ▁co ated ▁with ▁col lagen ▁to ▁promote ▁cell ▁attachment , ▁although ▁col lagen ▁has ▁successfully ▁been ▁sp un ▁directly ▁into ▁memb ran es . ▁ ▁Catal yst s ▁ ▁Elect ro sp un ▁fib ers ▁may ▁have ▁potential ▁as ▁a ▁surface ▁for ▁en zym es ▁to ▁be ▁imm obil ized ▁on . ▁These ▁en zym es ▁could ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁break ▁down ▁to xic ▁chemical s ▁in ▁the ▁environment , ▁among ▁other ▁things . ▁ ▁Mass ▁production ▁ ▁Thus ▁far , ▁at ▁least ▁eight ▁countries ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁have ▁companies ▁which ▁provide ▁industrial - level ▁and ▁labor atory - scale ▁electro sp in ning ▁machines : ▁three ▁companies ▁each ▁in ▁Italy ▁and ▁Czech ▁Republic , ▁two ▁each ▁in