▁largely ▁to ▁an ▁end ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁and ▁ 1 6 th ▁centuries , ▁because ▁of ▁changes ▁in ▁the ▁economy , ▁population , ▁and ▁laws ▁gover ning ▁lord - ten ant ▁relations ▁in ▁Western ▁European ▁nations . ▁The ▁en closure ▁of ▁man or ▁fields ▁for ▁liv est ock ▁gra zing ▁and ▁for ▁larger ▁a rable ▁plots ▁made ▁the ▁economy ▁of ▁ser fs ' ▁small ▁stri ps ▁of ▁land ▁in ▁open ▁fields ▁less ▁attract ive ▁to ▁land own ers . ▁Furthermore , ▁the ▁increasing ▁use ▁of ▁money ▁made ▁ten ant ▁far ming ▁by ▁ser fs ▁less ▁prof itable ; ▁for ▁much ▁less ▁than ▁it ▁cost ▁to ▁support ▁a ▁ser f , ▁a ▁lord ▁could ▁now ▁h ire ▁workers ▁who ▁were ▁more ▁sk illed ▁and ▁pay ▁them ▁in ▁c ash . ▁Pa id ▁labour ▁was ▁also ▁more ▁flexible , ▁since ▁workers ▁could ▁be ▁h ired ▁only ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁needed . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁increasing ▁un rest ▁and ▁u pr is ings ▁by ▁ser fs ▁and ▁pe as ants , ▁like ▁Ty ler ’ s ▁Reb ell ion ▁in ▁England ▁in ▁ 1 3 8 1 , ▁put ▁pressure ▁on ▁the ▁nob ility ▁and ▁the ▁cler gy ▁to ▁reform ▁the ▁system . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁the ▁grad ual ▁establishment ▁of ▁new ▁forms ▁of ▁land ▁le ases ▁and ▁increased ▁personal ▁libert ies ▁accommod ated ▁ser f ▁and ▁pe asant ▁dem ands ▁to ▁some ▁extent . ▁ ▁An ▁important ▁factor ▁in ▁the ▁decl ine ▁of ▁ser f dom ▁was ▁industrial