' s ▁Work ers ▁Group ▁and ▁other ▁Left ▁Commun ist ▁fa ctions . ▁▁ ▁On ▁release ▁and ▁returning ▁to ▁activity ▁in ▁the ▁International ▁Left ▁O pp osition , ▁C il iga ▁" was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first , ▁after ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁to ▁raise ▁the ▁theory ▁[ of ▁state ▁capital ism ] ▁in ▁T rot sky ist ▁circles ". ▁George ▁Or well , ▁who ▁was ▁an ▁anti - St alin ist ▁left ist ▁like ▁C il iga , ▁used ▁the ▁term ▁in ▁his ▁Hom age ▁to ▁Catal onia ▁( 1 9 3 8 ). ▁ ▁After ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁diss ident ▁T rot sky ists ▁developed ▁more ▁theoret ically ▁s oph istic ated ▁accounts ▁of ▁state ▁capital ism . ▁One ▁influ ential ▁form ulation ▁has ▁been ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁Johnson – For est ▁T endency ▁of ▁C . ▁L . ▁R . ▁James ▁and ▁R aya ▁Dun ay ev sk aya ▁who ▁form ulated ▁her ▁theory ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁a ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁three ▁Five ▁Year ▁Pl ans ▁alongside ▁read ings ▁of ▁Marx ' s ▁early ▁human ist ▁writ ings . ▁Their ▁political ▁evolution ▁would ▁lead ▁them ▁away ▁from ▁T rot sky ism . ▁▁ ▁Another ▁is ▁that ▁of ▁Tony ▁Cl iff , ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁International ▁Social ist ▁T endency ▁and ▁the ▁British ▁Social ist ▁Work ers ▁Party ▁( SW P ), ▁d ating ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 0 s .