, ▁his ▁assertion ▁of ▁the ▁values ▁of ▁liberal ism ▁made ▁him ▁a ▁leading ▁exponent ▁of ▁the ▁resistance ▁to ▁F asc ism . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁he ▁was ▁among ▁the ▁sign ator ies ▁of ▁the ▁Man if esto ▁of ▁the ▁Anti - F asc ist ▁Intel lect uals , ▁written ▁by ▁Bened etto ▁Cro ce . ▁He ▁was ▁dismiss ed ▁from ▁teaching ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁arrested ▁and ▁released ▁only ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ers ▁of ▁the ▁anti - f asc ist ▁Action ▁Party . ▁Later ▁he ▁was ▁re ctor ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Rome ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁and ▁subsequently ▁held ▁the ▁post ▁of ▁Minister ▁of ▁Public ▁Education ▁in ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁I vano e ▁B onom i ▁( 1 9 4 4 ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁author , ▁among ▁other ▁works , ▁of ▁an ▁impress ive ▁history ▁of ▁philosophy ▁in ▁ 1 3 ▁volumes , ▁published ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁and ▁The ▁History ▁of ▁European ▁Liberal ism ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁both ▁at ▁Later za . ▁One ▁particularly ▁notable ▁volume ▁by ▁De ▁R ugg iero ▁is ▁his ▁book ▁Ex ist ential ism : ▁The ▁Philosoph y ▁of ▁Ex istence ▁as ▁it ▁compreh ens ively ▁dis sect s ▁this ▁philosophy ▁with ▁an ▁even ▁balance ▁of ▁ex position ▁and ▁analysis . ▁It