▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 , ▁the ▁Jewish ▁Labour ▁Bund ▁at ▁its ▁August ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁Conference ▁( when ▁the ▁motion ▁" On ▁National ▁Cultural ▁Aut onomy " ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Bund ' s ▁program ), ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁social ▁dem ocr ats , ▁the ▁Russian ▁Constitution al ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁( K ad ets ) ▁at ▁its ▁June ▁ 1 9 1 7 ' s ▁N inth ▁Congress , ▁the ▁first ▁Ott oman ▁then ▁Greek ▁Social ist ▁Work ers ' ▁Federation ▁of ▁Th ess al on iki , ▁the ▁left - wing ▁Z ion ists ▁( Hash omer ▁Hat za ir ) ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁a ▁bin ational ▁solution ▁in ▁Palest ine , ▁the ▁Jewish ▁Fol ks par tei ▁( in sp ired ▁by ▁Simon ▁Dub nov , ▁who ▁had ▁developed ▁a ▁concept ▁of ▁Jewish ▁aut onomy ▁close ▁to ▁B auer ' s ), ▁and ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Union ▁of ▁Hung ari ans ▁in ▁Roman ia ▁( DA HR ) ▁after ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁O pp on ents ▁The ▁whole ▁concept ▁was ▁strongly ▁opposed ▁by ▁the ▁B ols he vik s . ▁St alin ' s ▁pam ph let ▁Marx ism ▁and ▁the ▁National ▁Question ▁( 1 9 1 3 ) ▁was ▁their ▁ide ological ▁reference ▁on ▁the ▁matter , ▁along ▁with ▁Len in ' s ▁Crit ical ▁Rem arks ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Question ▁( Dec ember ▁ 1 9 1 3 ), ▁in ▁particular ▁in ▁the ▁chapter ▁" C ult ural - National ▁Aut onomy