par in ▁for ▁clin ical ▁use . ▁This ▁direction ▁of ▁development ▁benef itted ▁from ▁Con n aught ' s ▁experience ▁with ▁ins ul in ▁production ▁and ▁on going ▁arrang ements ▁with ▁Canadian ▁meat ▁process ors ▁to ▁obtain ▁research ▁material . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁Arthur ▁Charles ▁and ▁David ▁Scott ▁published ▁the ▁first ▁papers ▁on ▁increasing ▁the ▁yield ▁of ▁he par in ▁by ▁ro tt ing ▁source ▁t issues . ▁By ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁Charles ▁and ▁Scott ▁managed ▁to ▁cry st all ise ▁the ▁he par in ▁extract ▁into ▁a ▁dry ▁form ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁admin ister ed ▁in ▁a ▁salt ▁solution . ▁This ▁became ▁Con n aught ' ▁second ▁product , ▁after ▁ins ul in , ▁to ▁be ▁recogn ised ▁as ▁an ▁international ▁standard . ▁Gordon ▁Murray , ▁a ▁prominent ▁sur geon ▁based ▁at ▁Toronto ▁General ▁Hospital , ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁he par in ▁effectively ▁cleared ▁up ▁internal ▁blood ▁cl ots ▁and ▁that ▁it ▁showed ▁promise ▁in ▁dangerous ▁operations ▁in ▁which ▁blood ▁would ▁otherwise ▁thick en ▁too ▁quickly . ▁ ▁Initial ▁clin ical ▁tri als , ▁begun ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁or ▁slightly ▁earlier ▁with ▁cr uder ▁forms , ▁involved ▁hundreds ▁of ▁complex ▁surg ical ▁cases ▁" in ▁which ▁he par in ▁played ▁an ▁essential ▁and ▁often ▁dram atic ▁life - s aving ▁role ". ▁The ▁adv ances ▁that ▁made ▁he par in ▁a ▁safe , ▁easily ▁available ▁and ▁effective ▁ant ico ag ul ant ▁were ▁wel com ed ▁intern ation ally , ▁and