▁signed ▁by ▁Alf ons ín ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁and ▁p ard ons ▁signed ▁by ▁Men em ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁Many , ▁however , ▁were ▁conv icted ▁in ▁the ▁de cade ▁after ▁the ▁repe al ▁of ▁am n esty ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁to ▁prison ▁terms ▁r anging ▁from ▁ 6 ▁to ▁ 2 5 ▁years ▁for ▁criminal ▁consp i racy . ▁ ▁L ack ▁of ▁trans par ency ▁Another ▁lin ch pin ▁of ▁official ▁cor ruption ▁in ▁Argentina ▁is ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁public ▁access ▁to ▁government ▁information . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁dec ree ▁that ▁provides ▁for ▁such ▁access , ▁but ▁it ▁applies ▁only ▁to ▁executive ▁entities ▁and ▁companies ▁that ▁receive ▁state ▁funds . ▁Trans par ency ▁International ▁has ▁called ▁for ▁a ▁federal ▁law ▁that ▁would ▁increase ▁trans par ency ▁and ▁account ability . ▁ ▁Bank ing ▁and ▁money ▁la und ering ▁ ▁N umer ous ▁large ▁bank ▁fra ud ▁and ▁asset ▁stri pping ▁cases ▁have ▁taken ▁place ▁in ▁Argentina ▁since ▁bank ing ▁der eg ulation ▁was ▁en act ed ▁by ▁the ▁last ▁dict ator ship ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁most ▁of ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁ins ol ven cy ▁of ▁the ▁banks ▁involved ; ▁some ▁were ▁resolved ▁by ▁the ▁Central ▁Bank , ▁but ▁at ▁considerable ▁cost ▁to ▁public ▁coff ers . ▁The ▁most ▁notable ▁early ▁case ▁was ▁probably ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁B IR , ▁whose ▁US $ 3 ▁billion ▁Pon zi ▁scheme ▁collapse ▁in ▁March