, ▁including ▁the ▁Char ity ▁Organ ization ▁Society ▁( est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 9 ) ▁t ended ▁to ▁disc rim inate ▁between ▁the ▁" des erving ▁poor " ▁who ▁would ▁be ▁provided ▁with ▁suitable ▁relief ▁and ▁the ▁" und ers erving " ▁or ▁" im prov ident ▁poor " ▁who ▁were ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁cause ▁of ▁their ▁own ▁wo es ▁through ▁their ▁id len ess . ▁Char ities ▁t ended ▁to ▁opp ose ▁the ▁provision ▁of ▁w elf are ▁by ▁the ▁state , ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁perce ived ▁dem oral izing ▁effect . ▁Although ▁minimal ▁state ▁invol vement ▁was ▁the ▁dominant ▁philosophy ▁of ▁the ▁period , ▁there ▁was ▁still ▁significant ▁government ▁invol vement ▁in ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁stat ut ory ▁reg ulation ▁and ▁even ▁limited ▁fund ing . ▁ ▁Phil anth ropy ▁became ▁a ▁very ▁fashion able ▁activity ▁among ▁the ▁expand ing ▁middle ▁classes ▁in ▁Britain ▁and ▁America . ▁Oct avia ▁Hill ▁( 1 8 3 8 - 1 9 1 2 ) ▁and ▁John ▁Rus kin ▁( 1 8 1 9 - 1 9 0 0 ) ▁were ▁an ▁important ▁force ▁behind ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁social ▁housing , ▁and ▁Andrew ▁Car neg ie ▁( 1 8 3 5 - 1 9 1 9 ) ▁exempl ified ▁the ▁large - scale ▁phil anth ropy ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁rich ▁in ▁industrial ized ▁America . ▁In ▁G ospel ▁of ▁We alth ▁( 1 8 8 9 ), ▁Car neg ie ▁wrote ▁about ▁the ▁respons ib ilities ▁of ▁great ▁wealth ▁and ▁the