es ▁that ▁ran ▁against ▁custom . ▁The ▁libert ies ▁under ▁attack ▁were ▁fe ud al , ▁not ▁of ▁individuals , ▁but ▁of ▁char tered ▁towns , ▁where ▁they ▁def ended ▁the ▁pr er og atives ▁accord ed ▁to ▁offices ▁in ▁the ▁legal ▁patch work ▁of ▁local ▁interests ▁and ▁provincial ▁ident ities ▁that ▁was ▁France . ▁The ▁F ron de ▁in ▁the ▁end ▁provided ▁an ▁in cent ive ▁for ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁royal ist ▁absol ut ism , ▁since ▁the ▁dis orders ▁eventually ▁dis cred ited ▁the ▁fe ud al ▁concept ▁of ▁liberty . ▁ ▁The ▁pressure ▁that ▁saw ▁the ▁traditional ▁libert ies ▁under ▁threat ▁came ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁extended ▁and ▁increased ▁tax es ▁as ▁the ▁Crown ▁needed ▁to ▁recover ▁from ▁its ▁exp end it ures ▁in ▁the ▁recent ▁wars . ▁The ▁costs ▁of ▁the ▁Th irty ▁Years ' ▁War ▁( 1 6 1 8 – 1 6 4 8 ) ▁const rained ▁Maz arin ' s ▁government ▁to ▁raise ▁funds ▁by ▁traditional ▁means , ▁the ▁imp ô ts , ▁the ▁t aille , ▁and ▁the ▁occas ional ▁a ides . ▁The ▁nob ility ▁refused ▁to ▁be ▁so ▁tax ed , ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁old ▁libert ies , ▁or ▁privileges , ▁and ▁the ▁br unt ▁fell ▁upon ▁the ▁b our ge ois ie . ▁ ▁The ▁movement ▁soon ▁deg ener ated ▁into ▁fa ctions , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁attempted ▁to ▁over throw ▁Maz arin ▁and ▁to ▁reverse ▁the ▁policies ▁of ▁his ▁prede cess or ▁Card inal ▁Rich el ieu ▁( in ▁office ▁