▁individuals ▁have ▁little ▁to ▁do ; ▁im position ▁of ▁eth ical ▁laws ▁through ▁technology ▁i . e . ▁the ▁" eth ics phere " ▁which ▁has ▁made ▁it ▁impossible ▁to ▁harm ▁individuals ▁phys ically ; ▁and ▁the ▁ide ological ▁opposition ▁of ▁two ▁dominant ▁systems , ▁which ▁is ▁basically ▁a ▁par ody ▁of ▁Western ▁World - S ov iet ▁Union ▁split ▁taken ▁to ▁the ▁abs urd . ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁novel ▁was ▁first ▁printed ▁by ▁Wy dawn ictwo ▁Liter ack ie ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁It ▁was ▁translated ▁into ▁German ▁by ▁Hub ert ▁Sch umann ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁Lok alter min ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁( ). ▁ ▁L ack ing ▁English ▁translation , ▁the ▁novel ▁title ▁was ▁also ▁translated ▁in ▁literary ▁criticism ▁works ▁as ▁" E y ew it ness ▁Account " ▁and ▁" The ▁Sc ene ▁of ▁the ▁Crime ". ▁ ▁Science ▁F iction ▁Studies ▁published ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁ex cer pts ▁from ▁Lem ' s ▁letters ▁which ▁show ▁the ▁chron ology ▁of ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁novel ▁( d uring ▁ 1 9 7 9 - 1 9 8 1 ). ▁In ▁the ▁first ▁one ▁Lem ▁conf esses ▁that ▁he ▁tried ▁to ▁approach ▁the ▁subject ▁several ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁past ▁few ▁years . ▁Also , ▁in ▁his ▁ess ay ▁The ▁Philosoph y ▁of ▁Ch ance ▁Lem ▁conf esses ▁that ▁he ▁strugg led ▁with ▁the ▁novel ▁for ▁many ▁years . ▁ ▁Plot ▁summary ▁T ich y ▁arriv es ▁on ▁Ent ia ▁to ▁discover ▁a ▁unique ▁anth rop