▁sense ▁of ▁Sud an ese ▁national ism ▁expressed ▁in ▁earth y ▁colors ▁and ▁Arab ic ▁call ig raph y . ▁ ▁The ▁Cry stal ists ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁I sh aa q ▁and ▁two ▁of ▁her ▁students , ▁Muhammad ▁Ham id ▁Sh add ad ▁and ▁N ai y la ▁al ▁T ay ib , ▁rejected ▁the ▁Sud an ese - cent r ism ▁of ▁the ▁Kh art ou m ▁School ▁by ▁creating ▁the ▁cry stal ist ▁movement . ▁The ▁formation ▁of ▁this ▁new ▁approach ▁was ▁marked ▁by ▁a ▁public ▁declaration ▁in ▁the ▁gu ise ▁of ▁the ▁so - called ▁cry stal ist ▁manif esto . ▁First ▁published ▁in ▁Arab ic , ▁the ▁document ▁presented ▁an ▁art istic ▁vision ▁that ▁attempted ▁to ▁work ▁beyond ▁the ▁Sud an ese - I sl am ic ▁frameworks ▁of ▁the ▁Kh art ou m ▁School . ▁Moreover , ▁the ▁cry stal ists ▁sought ▁to ▁international ize ▁their ▁art ▁by ▁emb rac ing ▁an ▁exist ential ist ▁avant - gar de ▁more ▁a kin ▁to ▁European ▁a est het ics . ▁ ▁If ▁the ▁Kh art ou m ▁School ▁can ▁be ▁described ▁as ▁modern ist , ▁then ▁the ▁cry stal ists ▁should ▁be ▁class ified ▁as ▁ul tr am od ern ▁within ▁Sud an ese ▁art istic ▁expression . ▁A est het ically , ▁the ▁cry stal ists ▁presented ▁the ▁cos mos ▁as ▁a ▁" project ▁of ▁a ▁transparent ▁cry stal ▁with ▁no ▁ve ils ▁but ▁an ▁et ernal ▁depth " ▁( from ▁the ▁cry