▁that ▁some ▁poor ▁prison ▁conditions ▁const itute ▁cruel ▁and ▁unusual ▁pun ishment , ▁as ▁in ▁Est elle ▁v . ▁Gam ble ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁and ▁Brown ▁v . ▁Pl ata ▁( 2 0 1 1 ). ▁ ▁N inth ▁Am end ment ▁ ▁The ▁N inth ▁Am end ment ▁decl ares ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁additional ▁fundamental ▁rights ▁that ▁exist ▁outside ▁the ▁Constitution . ▁The ▁rights ▁enumer ated ▁in ▁the ▁Constitution ▁are ▁not ▁an ▁explicit ▁and ▁exhaust ive ▁list ▁of ▁individual ▁rights . ▁It ▁was ▁rarely ▁mentioned ▁in ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁dec isions ▁before ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁c ited ▁by ▁several ▁of ▁the ▁just ices ▁in ▁Gr is w old ▁v . ▁Connecticut ▁( 1 9 6 5 ). ▁The ▁Court ▁in ▁that ▁case ▁void ed ▁a ▁stat ute ▁prohib iting ▁use ▁of ▁contra cept ives ▁as ▁an ▁in fr ing ement ▁of ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁mar ital ▁priv acy . ▁This ▁right ▁was , ▁in ▁turn , ▁the ▁foundation ▁upon ▁which ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁built ▁dec isions ▁in ▁several ▁land mark ▁cases , ▁including , ▁Ro e ▁v . ▁W ade ▁( 1 9 7 3 ), ▁which ▁over turn ed ▁a ▁Texas ▁law ▁making ▁it ▁a ▁crime ▁to ▁assist ▁a ▁woman ▁to ▁get ▁an ▁abort ion , ▁and ▁Pl anned ▁Parent hood ▁v . ▁Case y ▁( 1 9 9 2 ), ▁which ▁invalid ated ▁a ▁Pennsylvania ▁law ▁that ▁required ▁sp ous al ▁aw aren ess ▁prior ▁to ▁obtain