▁b anned ▁after ▁the ▁She ikh ▁Sa id ▁re bell ion . ▁The ▁Liberal ▁Republican ▁Party ▁( Ser best ▁C um h uri y et ▁F ı r k as ı ) ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁under ▁the ▁parliament , ▁and ▁was ▁later ▁dissol ved ▁by ▁its ▁founder . ▁ ▁The ▁effective ▁multi - party ▁period ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 ; ▁the ▁next ▁year , ▁the ▁Republican ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁won ▁the ▁first ▁multi - party ▁elections . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁elections , ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁won , ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁opposition ▁party ▁to ▁win ▁elections . ▁ ▁C iv ic ▁independence ▁( pop ular ▁so vere ig nt y ) ▁▁ ▁The ▁establishment ▁of ▁popular ▁so vere ig nt y ▁involved ▁confront ing ▁centuries - old ▁trad itions . ▁The ▁reform ▁process ▁was ▁character ized ▁by ▁a ▁struggle ▁between ▁progress ives ▁and ▁conserv atives . ▁The ▁changes ▁were ▁both ▁concept ually ▁radical ▁and ▁cult ur ally ▁significant . ▁In ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire , ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁each ▁mil let ▁had ▁tradition ally ▁enjoyed ▁a ▁degree ▁of ▁aut onomy , ▁with ▁their ▁own ▁leadership , ▁collect ing ▁their ▁own ▁tax es ▁and ▁living ▁according ▁to ▁their ▁own ▁system ▁of ▁religious / c ult ural ▁law . ▁The ▁Ott oman ▁Muslim s ▁had ▁a ▁strict ▁hierarchy ▁of ▁ul ama , ▁with ▁the ▁She ikh ▁ul - I sl am ▁holding ▁the ▁highest ▁rank . ▁A ▁She ikh ▁ul - I sl am