ε ο ε ι δ ή ς , ▁att ested ▁in ▁the ▁writ ings ▁of ▁the ▁Greek ▁phys ician ▁Gal en . ▁The ▁Latin ▁word ▁cart il ago , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁An cient ▁Greek ▁word ▁ χ ό ν δ ρ ος , ▁ ▁both ▁mean ▁cart il age , ▁while ▁the ▁ancient ▁Greek ▁word ▁ θ υ ρ ε ο ε ι δ ή ς ▁means ▁shield - like ▁or ▁shield - sh aped . ▁The ▁latter ▁comp ound ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁An cient ▁Greek ▁ θ υ ρ ε ό ς , ▁shield ▁ ▁and ▁ ε <0xE1> <0xBC> <0xB6> δ ος , ▁form / shape . ▁The ▁Gree ks ▁used ▁ ε <0xE1> <0xBC> <0xB6> δ ος ▁in ▁comp ounds ▁to ▁indicate ▁a ▁res embl ance ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁word . ▁ ▁The ▁ancient ▁Greek ▁word ▁ θ υ ρ ε ό ς ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Od ys sey ▁of ▁H omer , ▁and ▁represented ▁a ▁large ▁square ▁stone ▁that ▁was ▁put ▁against ▁the ▁door ▁to ▁keep ▁it ▁shut . ▁Those ▁ θ υ ρ ε ο ί ▁were ▁eventually ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁Greek ▁army ▁as ▁shield s ▁to ▁protect ▁themselves . ▁This ▁shield ▁was ▁adapted ▁by ▁Roman ▁leg ions ▁and ▁referred ▁to ▁by ▁them ▁as ▁a ▁sc ut um . ▁The ▁Roman ▁sc ut um ▁was ▁an ▁ob long ▁shield ▁with ▁an ▁o val ▁shape . ▁N umer ous ▁shield s ▁were ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁Roman ▁soldiers , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁p