▁of ▁the ▁Kur ds , ▁as ▁well , ▁suffered ▁similar ▁attitude ▁as ▁some ▁of ▁their ▁trib al ▁conf eder ations ▁co oper ated ▁with ▁Ott om ans , ▁while ▁others ▁were ▁oppos ing ▁it ▁and ▁revol ted ▁in ▁several ▁areas </ ref > ▁ ▁In ▁Ira q , ▁the ▁Kur d ish ▁st rive ▁for ▁aut onomy ▁and ▁independence ▁lo omed ▁into ▁armed ▁conflicts ▁since ▁▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁Mah m ud ▁Bar zan ji ▁revol t . ▁The ▁disp lacement ▁however ▁became ▁most ▁significant ▁during ▁the ▁Ira qi - K urd ish ▁conflict ▁and ▁parallel ▁active ▁Arab izations ▁programs ▁of ▁the ▁Ba ' ath ist ▁regime , ▁which ▁looked ▁to ▁clean se ▁northern ▁Ira q ▁of ▁its ▁Kur d ish ▁majority . ▁T ens ▁of ▁thousands ▁of ▁Kur ds ▁turned ▁disp la ced ▁and ▁fled ▁the ▁war ▁zones ▁following ▁First ▁and ▁Second ▁Kur d ish ▁Ira qi ▁Wars ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁The ▁Iran – I ra q ▁War , ▁which ▁sp anned ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁the ▁first ▁G ulf ▁War ▁and ▁subsequent ▁re bell ions ▁all ▁together ▁generated ▁several ▁millions ▁of ▁primarily ▁Kur d ish ▁refuge es , ▁who ▁mostly ▁found ▁refuge ▁in ▁Iran , ▁while ▁others ▁dispers ed ▁into ▁Kur d ish ▁di as por a ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁the ▁Amer icas . ▁Iran ▁alone ▁provided ▁as yl um ▁for ▁ 1 , 4 0 0 , 0