▁ 1 2 1 6 ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁counter weight ▁tre buch et . ▁After ▁his ▁death , ▁power ▁strugg les ▁broke ▁out ▁between ▁the ▁other ▁A yy ub id ▁princes ▁and ▁although ▁Dam asc us ▁switched ▁hands ▁several ▁times , ▁the ▁cit adel ▁was ▁taken ▁by ▁force ▁only ▁once , ▁in ▁ 1 2 3 9 . ▁The ▁cit adel ▁remained ▁in ▁A yy ub id ▁hands ▁until ▁the ▁Mong ols ▁under ▁their ▁general ▁Kit bu qa ▁captured ▁Dam asc us ▁in ▁ 1 2 6 0 , ▁thereby ▁ending ▁A yy ub id ▁rule ▁in ▁Sy ria . ▁After ▁an ▁un success ful ▁revol t ▁broke ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁cit adel , ▁the ▁Mong ols ▁had ▁most ▁of ▁it ▁dis m ant led . ▁After ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁Mong ols ▁in ▁ 1 2 6 0 ▁by ▁the ▁Mam lu ks , ▁who ▁had ▁succeeded ▁the ▁A yy ub ids ▁as ▁r ul ers ▁of ▁Egypt , ▁Dam asc us ▁came ▁under ▁M aml uk ▁rule . ▁Ex cept ▁for ▁brief ▁periods ▁in ▁ 1 3 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 4 0 1 , ▁when ▁the ▁Mong ols ▁conquer ed ▁Dam asc us , ▁the ▁Mam lu ks ▁controlled ▁the ▁cit adel ▁until ▁ 1 5 1 6 . ▁In ▁that ▁year , ▁Sy ria ▁fell ▁into ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁Dam asc us ▁surrender ed ▁without ▁a ▁fight ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁on ward ▁the ▁cit