▁by ▁cold - working ▁processes ▁carried ▁out ▁near ▁room ▁temperature , ▁such ▁as ▁rolling , ▁pressing , ▁ ▁stamp ing , ▁b ending , ▁etc . ▁ ▁Stock ▁bars ▁and ▁sheets ▁of ▁cold - rolled ▁steel ▁( CR S ) ▁are ▁commonly ▁used ▁in ▁all ▁areas ▁of ▁manufact uring . ▁ ▁The ▁terms ▁are ▁opposed ▁to ▁hot - formed ▁steel ▁and ▁hot - rolled ▁steel . ▁▁ ▁Cold - formed ▁steel , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁thin ▁gauge ▁sheets , ▁is ▁commonly ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁construction ▁industry ▁for ▁struct ural ▁or ▁non - struct ural ▁items ▁such ▁as ▁columns , ▁be ams , ▁jo ists , ▁stud s , ▁floor ▁deck ing , ▁built - up ▁sections ▁and ▁other ▁components . ▁ ▁Such ▁uses ▁have ▁become ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁popular ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁since ▁their ▁standard ization ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁▁ ▁Cold - formed ▁steel ▁members ▁have ▁been ▁used ▁also ▁in ▁brid ges , ▁storage ▁ra cks , ▁gra in ▁b ins , ▁car ▁bodies , ▁railway ▁coach es , ▁highway ▁products , ▁transmission ▁to wers , ▁transmission ▁pol es , ▁d rain age ▁facilities , ▁fire ar ms , ▁various ▁types ▁of ▁equipment ▁and ▁others . ▁These ▁types ▁of ▁sections ▁are ▁cold - formed ▁from ▁steel ▁sheet , ▁strip , ▁plate , ▁or ▁flat ▁bar ▁in ▁roll ▁forming ▁machines , ▁by ▁press ▁bra ke ▁( machine ▁press ) ▁or ▁b ending ▁operations . ▁The ▁material ▁thick ness es ▁for ▁such ▁thin - w alled ▁steel ▁members ▁usually