▁is ▁not ▁applied ▁to ▁the ▁em ul ators . ▁ ▁No ise ▁is ▁a ▁constant , ▁fl uct u ating ▁variable ▁affect ing ▁mus cul os ke let al ▁sens ory ▁output . ▁Thus , ▁output ▁differences ▁are ▁almost ▁always ▁greater ▁than ▁they ▁actually ▁should ▁be . ▁Con sequently , ▁an ▁internal ▁calculation ▁is ▁made ; ▁taking ▁into ▁account ▁the ▁relative ▁reli ability ▁of ▁the ▁emulator ’ s ▁output ▁and ▁if ▁the ▁situ ational ▁conditions ▁tend ▁to ▁result ▁in ▁very ▁variable ▁or ▁stable ▁sens ory ▁outputs , ▁the ▁correction ▁is ▁weight ed ▁and ▁applied . ▁ ▁The ▁location ▁of ▁these ▁em ul ators ▁have ▁been ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁largely ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁motor ▁system ▁they ▁provide ▁processing ▁and ▁information ▁for . ▁ ▁C ogn itive ▁function ▁ ▁Em ul ators ▁are ▁helpful ▁tools ▁to ▁the ▁body . ▁S ens ory ▁feedback ▁naturally ▁takes ▁longer ▁than ▁a ▁pred et erm ined ▁forward ▁model ▁that ▁the ▁brain ▁can ▁compute ▁or ▁access ▁directly . ▁This ▁timing ▁gap ▁can ▁be ▁delayed ▁further ▁by ▁other ▁environmental ▁or ▁physical ▁factors ▁that ▁often ▁occur ▁throughout ▁life . ▁Em ul ators ▁allow ▁a ▁mock ▁output ▁signal ▁that ▁is ▁often ▁close ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁real ▁thing . ▁It ▁is ▁further ▁post ulated ▁that ▁the ▁emulator ▁can ▁be ▁run ▁independently ▁thus ▁allowing ▁the ▁brain ▁see ▁the ▁likely ▁outcome ▁of ▁a ▁command ▁without ▁running ▁it ▁on ▁the ▁entire ▁system . ▁Furthermore , ▁when ▁returning ▁sens ory ▁information ▁has ▁noise ▁and \ or ▁holes , ▁the ▁emulator ▁can ▁be ▁run ▁in ▁parallel , ▁making