▁" unt apped ▁world " ▁previously ▁over look ed ▁by ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁white ▁male ▁Protest ants ▁who ▁had ▁domin ated ▁bib lic al ▁criticism ▁from ▁its ▁beg inn ings . ▁Global ization ▁brought ▁different ▁world ▁views , ▁while ▁other ▁academic ▁fields ▁such ▁as ▁Near ▁Eastern ▁studies , ▁soci ology , ▁and ▁anth rop ology ▁became ▁active ▁in ▁bib lic al ▁criticism ▁as ▁well . ▁These ▁new ▁points - of - view ▁created ▁aw aren ess ▁that ▁the ▁Bible ▁can ▁be ▁r ation ally ▁interpreted ▁from ▁many ▁different ▁pers pect ives . ▁In ▁turn , ▁this ▁aw aren ess ▁changed ▁bib lic al ▁criticism ' s ▁central ▁concept ▁from ▁the ▁criteria ▁of ▁neutral ▁judgment ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁beginning ▁from ▁a ▁recognition ▁of ▁the ▁various ▁bi ases ▁the ▁reader ▁brings ▁to ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁texts . ▁ ▁Major ▁methods ▁of ▁criticism ▁ ▁The olog ian ▁David ▁R . ▁Law ▁writes ▁that ▁text ual , ▁source , ▁form , ▁and ▁re da ction ▁criticism ▁are ▁employed ▁together ▁by ▁bib lic al ▁sch ol ars . ▁The ▁Old ▁Testament ▁( the ▁Heb rew ▁Bible ) ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁Testament ▁are ▁distinct ▁bodies ▁of ▁literature ▁that ▁raise ▁their ▁own ▁problems ▁of ▁interpretation . ▁Therefore , ▁separ ating ▁these ▁methods , ▁and ▁address ing ▁the ▁Bible ▁as ▁a ▁whole , ▁is ▁an ▁artificial ▁approach ▁that ▁is ▁necessary ▁only ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁description . ▁ ▁Text ual ▁criticism ▁▁ ▁Text ual ▁criticism ▁exam ines ▁the ▁text ▁itself ▁and ▁all ▁associated ▁manuscript s ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁original ▁text