ling ▁Stone ▁noted ▁similar ities ▁to ▁some ▁of ▁Madonna ' s ▁work ▁and ▁the ▁imag ery ▁from ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁German ▁expression ist ▁film , ▁Metropol is . ▁Ann ▁Pow ers ▁from ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Times ▁noted ▁that ▁the ▁video ▁paid ▁t ribute ▁to ▁the ▁God dess ▁movement ▁and ▁femin ism . ▁According ▁to ▁her , ▁with ▁the ▁video ▁G aga ▁made ▁god dess ▁culture ▁accessible ▁to ▁the ▁mass , ▁by ▁port ray ing ▁images ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁fine ▁art , ▁cinema ▁and ▁cool ▁sub c ult ures . ▁Ex amples ▁given ▁by ▁her ▁included ▁the ▁port ray al ▁of ▁Rico ▁as ▁her ▁partner , ▁instead ▁of ▁a ▁conventional - looking ▁male ▁or ▁female ▁cons ort . ▁Pow ers ▁further ▁added ▁that ▁" G aga ▁has ▁found ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁place ▁female ▁emp ower ment ▁at ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁her ▁vision ▁without ▁sacrific ing ▁the ▁g ains ▁she ▁makes ▁by ▁being ▁a ▁d addy ' s ▁girl ▁or ▁a ▁' boy ▁to y ' ." ▁Meg an ▁Pow ers ▁from ▁Time ▁critic ized ▁the ▁video ▁and ▁G aga ' s ▁usage ▁of ▁shock - im ag ery , ▁which ▁she ▁still ▁found ▁" st range ". ▁The ▁video ▁has ▁been ▁noted ▁for ▁its ▁cultural ▁references ▁and ▁art istic ▁similar ities , ▁not ▁only ▁to ▁other ▁recording ▁artists ▁such ▁as ▁Jackson ▁and ▁Madonna , ▁but ▁to ▁Greek ▁and ▁Roman ▁myth ology , ▁sur real ism ▁and ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁Swiss ▁painter ▁H . ▁R . ▁G iger ▁and ▁late ▁fashion ▁designer