▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁Um ay y ads . ▁The ▁Um ay y ads ▁med d led ▁with ▁the ▁register ▁and ▁the ▁recip ients ▁regarded ▁p ensions ▁as ▁the ▁subs istence ▁allow ance ▁even ▁without ▁being ▁in ▁active ▁service . ▁H ish am ▁reform ed ▁it ▁and ▁paid ▁only ▁to ▁those ▁who ▁participated ▁in ▁battle . ▁On ▁the ▁pattern ▁of ▁the ▁By z antine ▁system ▁the ▁Um ay y ads ▁reform ed ▁their ▁army ▁organization ▁in ▁general ▁and ▁divided ▁it ▁into ▁five ▁corps : ▁the ▁centre , ▁two ▁wings , ▁v angu ards ▁and ▁re arg u ards , ▁following ▁the ▁same ▁formation ▁while ▁on ▁march ▁or ▁on ▁a ▁battle ▁field . ▁Mar wan ▁II ▁( 7 4 0 – 5 0 ) ▁abandoned ▁the ▁old ▁division ▁and ▁introduced ▁the ▁Kur d us ▁( co h ort ), ▁a ▁small ▁compact ▁body . ▁The ▁Um ay y ad ▁troops ▁were ▁divided ▁into ▁three ▁divisions : ▁inf antry , ▁caval ry ▁and ▁art illery . ▁Arab ▁troops ▁were ▁dressed ▁and ▁armed ▁in ▁Greek ▁fashion . ▁The ▁Um ay y ad ▁caval ry ▁used ▁plain ▁and ▁round ▁s add les . ▁The ▁art illery ▁used ▁the ▁ar rad ah ▁( ball ista ), ▁the ▁man j ani q ▁( m ang onel ) ▁and ▁the ▁d abb ab ah ▁or ▁k ab sh ▁( b atter ing ▁ram ). ▁The ▁heavy ▁engines , ▁sie ge ▁machines ▁and ▁b agg age ▁were ▁carried ▁on ▁cam els ▁behind ▁the ▁army . ▁ ▁Social ▁organization ▁ ▁The ▁Um ay