ib ians ▁of ▁T anz ania ▁Category : End em ic ▁fa una ▁of ▁T anz ania ▁Category : Am ph ib ians ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Fritz ▁Nied en ▁Category : T ax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁direct ▁numerical ▁simulation ▁( D NS ) ▁is ▁a ▁simulation ▁in ▁computational ▁fluid ▁dynamics ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Nav ier – Sto kes ▁equations ▁are ▁numer ically ▁solved ▁without ▁any ▁tur bul ence ▁model . ▁This ▁means ▁that ▁the ▁whole ▁range ▁of ▁spatial ▁and ▁temporal ▁scales ▁of ▁the ▁tur bul ence ▁must ▁be ▁resolved . ▁All ▁the ▁spatial ▁scales ▁of ▁the ▁tur bul ence ▁must ▁be ▁resolved ▁in ▁the ▁computational ▁mesh , ▁from ▁the ▁smallest ▁diss ip ative ▁scales ▁( K ol m og or ov ▁mic ros cal es ), ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁integral ▁scale ▁, ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁mot ions ▁containing ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁kin etic ▁energy . ▁The ▁Kol m og or ov ▁scale , ▁, ▁is ▁given ▁by ▁ ▁where ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁kin ematic ▁vis cos ity ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁kin etic ▁energy ▁diss ip ation . ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁the ▁integral ▁scale ▁depends ▁usually ▁on ▁the ▁spatial ▁scale ▁of ▁the ▁boundary ▁conditions . ▁▁ ▁To ▁satisfy ▁these ▁resolution ▁requirements , ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁points ▁ ▁along ▁a ▁given ▁mesh ▁direction ▁with ▁incre ments ▁, ▁must ▁be ▁ ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁integral ▁scale ▁is ▁contained ▁within ▁the ▁computational ▁domain , ▁and