▁Turkish ▁society , ▁he ▁found ▁Marx ism ▁somewhat ▁lack ing . ▁Marx ist ▁historical ▁theory ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁a ▁b our ge ois ▁class , ▁something ▁that ▁did ▁not ▁develop ▁in ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁( as ▁in ▁many ▁other ▁' per i pher al ▁countries '). ▁Perhaps ▁the ▁greatest ▁intellectual ▁struggle ▁of ▁T ah ir ' s ▁was ▁in ▁res h aping ▁Marx ist ▁historical ▁theory ▁to ▁the ▁reality ▁of ▁Turkish ▁history . ▁ ▁After ▁studying ▁Marx ▁and ▁Eng els ' ▁opinions ▁about ▁eastern ▁soci eties , ▁K em al ▁T ah ir ▁worked ▁on ▁historical ▁theories ▁of ▁histor ians ▁and ▁soci olog ists ▁like ▁Ö mer ▁L üt fi ▁B ark an , ▁Must af a ▁Ak da ğ , ▁Hal il ▁ İ nal c ı k , ▁Ni y azi ▁Ber kes ▁and ▁ Ş er if ▁M ardin . ▁His ▁conclusion ▁was ▁that ▁Ott oman - T urk ish ▁society ▁does ▁not ▁follow ▁ ▁euro - cent ric ▁primitive / s la very / fe od ality / cap ital ism ▁so cio - histor ical ▁model . ▁It ▁has ▁its ▁own ▁special ▁evolution ▁process , ▁struct ural ▁differences , ▁dynamics ▁and ▁conditions ▁based ▁on ▁its ▁cultural ▁and ▁social ▁structure . ▁So ▁Western ization , ▁whether ▁in ▁form ▁of ▁capital ism ▁or ▁commun ism , ▁is ▁trying ▁to ▁bring ▁an ▁abstract ▁and ▁formal ▁super structure ▁to ▁a ▁society ▁which ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁the ▁necessary ▁sub structure . ▁Without ▁a ▁fundamental ▁economic ▁and ▁social ▁revolution ▁this