. ▁▁ ▁The ▁C AF ▁range ▁is ▁essentially ▁cent red ▁on ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁major ▁winter ing ▁areas ▁of ▁water f ow l ▁in ▁the ▁Old ▁World , ▁namely ▁the ▁Indian ▁sub cont inent , ▁the ▁other ▁two ▁being ▁Africa , ▁in ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁African - E uras ian ▁Fly way ▁( AE WA ) ▁to ▁the ▁west , ▁and ▁south - east ▁Asia ▁in ▁the ▁East ▁Asian ▁– ▁Austral as ian ▁Fly way ▁( E A AF ) ▁to ▁the ▁east . ▁These ▁winter ing ▁areas ▁are ▁ge ograph ically ▁separate , ▁and ▁present ▁entirely ▁different ▁e colog ical , ▁historical ▁and ▁cultural ▁situations . ▁ ▁The ▁fly way ▁covers ▁ 3 0 ▁countries ▁of ▁North , ▁Central ▁and ▁South ▁Asia ▁and ▁Trans - C au cas us . ▁The ▁northern ▁catch ment ▁area ▁of ▁C AF ▁in ev it ably ▁over laps , ▁and ▁consider ably ▁over laps , ▁with ▁both ▁those ▁of ▁A E WA ▁and ▁E A AF , ▁mostly ▁within ▁a ▁single ▁country , ▁the ▁Russian ▁Federation , ▁though ▁six teen ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 0 ▁countries ▁en comp ass ed ▁by ▁the ▁C AF ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁A E WA ▁area . ▁They ▁are : ▁Afghan istan , ▁Armen ia , ▁A zer ba ij an , ▁Bah rain , ▁China ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of , ▁Georgia , ▁Iran ▁Republic ▁of , ▁Kaz akh stan , ▁Mong olia , ▁Pakistan , ▁Russian ▁Federation , ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia , ▁Sri ▁L anka ,