▁people ▁are ▁often ▁only ▁identified ▁after ▁developing ▁an ▁early - life ▁colon ▁cancer . ▁Par ents ▁with ▁H NP CC ▁have ▁a ▁ 5 0 % ▁chance ▁of ▁passing ▁the ▁gen etic ▁mut ation ▁on ▁to ▁each ▁child . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁important ▁to ▁note , ▁that ▁de le ter ious ▁mut ation ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁M MR ▁gen es ▁alone ▁is ▁not ▁sufficient ▁to ▁cause ▁cancer , ▁but ▁that ▁rather ▁further ▁mut ations ▁in ▁other ▁tum our ▁suppress or ▁gen es ▁need ▁to ▁occur . ▁ ▁Di agn osis ▁A ▁diagn osis ▁of ▁Lyn ch ▁Sy nd rome ▁is ▁applied ▁to ▁people ▁with ▁a ▁ger ml ine ▁DNA ▁mut ation ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁M MR ▁gen es ▁( ML H 1 , ▁M SH 2 , ▁M SH 6 , ▁and ▁P MS 2 ) ▁or ▁the ▁E PC AM ▁gene , ▁identified ▁by ▁gen etic ▁testing . ▁C andid ates ▁for ▁ger ml ine ▁gen etic ▁testing ▁can ▁be ▁identified ▁by ▁clin ical ▁criteria ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Amsterdam ▁C lin ical ▁C riteria ▁and ▁Beth es da ▁Gu idel ines , ▁or ▁through ▁tum or ▁analysis ▁by ▁imm un oh ist och em istry ( I HC ), ▁or ▁mic ros at ellite ▁inst ability ▁( MS I ) ▁testing . ▁Gen etic ▁testing ▁is ▁commer cially ▁available ▁and ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁blood ▁test . ▁ ▁Im mun oh ist och em istry ▁ ▁Im mun oh ist och em istry ▁( I HC ) ▁is ▁a ▁method ▁that ▁can