gency ▁management . ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁study ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁Institute ▁of ▁Justice ▁( NI J ) ▁compared ▁software ▁features ▁from ▁ 1 0 ▁vend ors . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁the ▁Institute ▁for ▁Security ▁Technology ▁Studies ▁published ▁a ▁report ▁address ing ▁the ▁inter oper ability ▁of ▁different ▁software , ▁which ▁has ▁remained ▁a ▁strong ▁focus ▁in ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁software ▁for ▁the ▁Emer gency ▁Management ▁field . ▁ ▁To ▁support ▁National ▁Inc ident ▁Management ▁System ▁implementation , ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Hom eland ▁Security ▁established ▁the ▁National ▁Inc ident ▁Management ▁System ▁Support ▁Center ▁( NI MS ▁SC ) ▁and ▁the ▁Support ing ▁Technology ▁E valu ation ▁Program ▁( ST EP ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁a ▁study ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Institute ▁of ▁Justice ▁report ▁was ▁conducted ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Force ▁( US AF ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Force ▁and ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Colorado ▁Center ▁for ▁Hom eland ▁Security ▁survey ed ▁several ▁hundred ▁Emer gency ▁Management ▁personnel ▁seeking ▁to ▁prior it ize ▁user ▁requirements . ▁ ▁Character istics ▁Common ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁software ▁include ▁Geographic ▁Information ▁Systems ▁( G IS ), ▁weather ▁and ▁pl ume ▁model ing , ▁resource ▁management , ▁and ▁Command , ▁Control , ▁and ▁Communic ation ▁( C 3 ) ▁functions . ▁ ▁The ▁Federal ▁Emer gency ▁Management ▁Agency ▁( FE MA ) ▁supports ▁evaluation ▁of ▁software ▁through ▁the ▁National ▁Inc ident