▁are ▁related ▁principles . ▁ ▁Background ▁" C it izen ▁media " ▁was ▁co ined ▁by ▁Cle men cia ▁Rod rig uez , ▁who ▁defined ▁it ▁as ▁' the ▁transform ative ▁processes ▁they ▁bring ▁about ▁within ▁participants ▁and ▁their ▁communities .' ▁Cit izen ▁media ▁character izes ▁the ▁ways ▁in ▁which ▁aud ien ces ▁can ▁become ▁participants ▁in ▁the ▁media ▁using ▁various ▁resources ▁by ▁new ▁media ▁techn ologies . ▁ ▁Cit izen ▁media ▁has ▁blo omed ▁with ▁the ▁advent ▁of ▁techn ological ▁tools ▁and ▁systems ▁that ▁facil itate ▁production ▁and ▁distribution ▁of ▁media , ▁not ably ▁the ▁Internet . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁birth ▁of ▁the ▁Internet ▁and ▁into ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁citiz en ▁media ▁has ▁respond ed ▁ ▁to ▁traditional ▁mass ▁media ' s ▁neglect ▁of ▁public ▁interest ▁and ▁part isan ▁port ray al ▁of ▁news ▁and ▁world ▁events . ▁ ▁By ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁small , ▁independent , ▁private ▁journal ists ▁began ▁to ▁rival ▁corpor ate ▁mass ▁media ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁audience ▁and ▁distribution . ▁ ▁Cit izen ▁produced ▁media ▁has ▁earned ▁higher ▁status ▁and ▁public ▁cred ibility ▁since ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁US ▁President ial ▁elections ▁and ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁widely ▁rep licated ▁by ▁corpor ate ▁market ing ▁and ▁political ▁campaign ing . ▁Cit izen ▁media ▁usage ▁and ▁attention ▁also ▁increased ▁in ▁reaction ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁US ▁President ial ▁election . ▁Trad itional ▁news ▁out lets ▁and ▁commercial ▁media ▁gi ants ▁have ▁experienced ▁decl ines