▁of ▁small - scale ▁manufact uring . ▁English ▁engine ers ▁still ▁emphas ized ▁quality ▁in ▁their ▁work . ▁Learning ▁by ▁practical ▁experience ▁was ▁also ▁strongly ▁encourag ed ▁and ▁training ▁new ▁engine ers ▁became ▁like ▁an ▁app rent ices hip ▁ ▁In ▁France , ▁they ▁were ▁more ▁concern ▁with ▁the ▁theoretical ▁aspect ▁of ▁engineering , ▁specifically ▁understanding ▁the ▁mathematical ▁aspect ▁of ▁it . ▁They ▁built ▁“ grand es ▁é col es " ▁of ▁engineering ▁and ▁state ▁employ ment ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁pre domin ant ▁work ▁for ▁engineering . ▁Engineering ▁practices ▁and ▁education ▁dep ended ▁upon ▁cultural ▁values ▁and ▁prefer ences . ▁O ft ent imes ▁in ▁the ▁US , ▁business ▁and ▁engineer ▁man agers ▁influenced ▁engineer ▁work . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁engineering ▁was ▁more ▁focused ▁on ▁experience ▁and ▁ach ieving ▁material ▁and ▁commercial ▁success . ▁Man ual ▁labor ▁was ▁seen ▁as ▁something ▁positive . ▁It ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁France ▁to ▁build ▁schools ▁for ▁engineering ▁training ▁rather ▁than ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁training , ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁Professional ▁status ▁was ▁gained ▁through ▁corpor ate ▁training . ▁Un like ▁the ▁other ▁emer ging ▁prof essions ▁mentioned ▁earlier , ▁engineering ▁as ▁a ▁profession ▁did ▁not ▁reply ▁on ▁the ▁appro val ▁of ▁their ▁pe ers ▁but ▁rather ▁of ▁corpor ate ▁and ▁government ▁hier arch ies ▁( private ▁industry ). ▁ ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁engine ers ▁increased ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁percent ▁in ▁the ▁period ▁between ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁in ▁the