▁makes ▁ 1 0 % ▁more ▁errors ▁than ▁the ▁group ▁with ▁a ▁test - stud y ▁phase . ▁In ▁the ▁study - only ▁phase , ▁participants ▁were ▁given ▁A i - Bi , ▁where ▁A i ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁word ▁and ▁Bi ▁was ▁a ▁Si ber ian ▁E sk imo ▁Y up ik ▁word . ▁In ▁the ▁test ▁study ▁phase , ▁participants ▁first ▁attempted ▁to ▁recall ▁Bi ▁given ▁A i ▁as ▁a ▁c ue ▁then ▁they ▁were ▁shown ▁A i - Bi ▁pair ▁together . ▁This ▁result ▁suggests ▁that ▁after ▁participants ▁learn ▁something , ▁testing ▁their ▁memory ▁with ▁mental ▁operations ▁helps ▁later ▁recall . ▁The ▁act ▁of ▁recall ing ▁instead ▁of ▁rest ud ying ▁creates ▁new ▁and ▁longer ▁last ing ▁connection ▁between ▁A i ▁and ▁Bi . ▁ ▁This ▁phenomen on ▁is ▁commonly ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁testing ▁effect . ▁ ▁Another ▁study ▁showed ▁that ▁when ▁lists ▁are ▁tested ▁immediately ▁after ▁study , ▁the ▁last ▁couple ▁of ▁pairs ▁are ▁remembered ▁best . ▁After ▁a ▁five - second ▁delay , ▁the ▁recall ▁of ▁recently ▁studied ▁words ▁dimin ishes . ▁However , ▁word ▁pairs ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁a ▁list ▁still ▁show ▁better ▁recall . ▁Moreover , ▁in ▁a ▁longer ▁list , ▁the ▁absolute ▁number ▁of ▁word ▁pairs ▁re called ▁is ▁greater ▁but ▁in ▁a ▁shorter ▁list ▁of ▁word ▁pairs , ▁the ▁percentage ▁of ▁word ▁pairs ▁re called ▁is ▁greater . ▁ ▁Sometimes , ▁when ▁recall ing ▁word ▁pairs , ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁intr usion . ▁An ▁intr usion ▁is ▁an ▁error ▁that ▁participants ▁make