uted ▁and ▁their ▁perpet rat ors ▁acted ▁with ▁imp unity , ▁if ▁not ▁comp licity , ▁from ▁city ▁officials ▁and ▁police . ▁In ▁addition , ▁white ▁citizens ▁who ▁appeared ▁un comm itted ▁to ▁seg reg ation ▁were ▁terror ized ▁by ▁extrem ists . ▁In ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁these ▁challeng es ▁the ▁A CH MR ▁increased ▁its ▁membership , ▁stir red ▁at ▁meet ings ▁by ▁the ▁Mov ement ▁Ch oir , ▁founded ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁Carl ton ▁Re ese . ▁A ▁group ▁of ▁volunte er ▁gu ards ▁stood ▁watch ▁at ▁movement ▁churches ▁and ▁past or ' s ▁homes ▁and ▁esc orted ▁Sh utt les worth ▁and ▁other ▁leaders ▁to ▁appoint ments . ▁Det ect ives ▁from ▁the ▁B irmingham ▁Police ▁Department ▁recorded ▁the ▁proceed ings ▁at ▁most ▁movement ▁meet ings . ▁According ▁to ▁Colonel ▁Stone ▁Johnson , ▁Commission er ▁Bull ▁Con nor ▁would ▁transfer ▁officers ▁from ▁the ▁assignment ▁once ▁they ▁started ▁to ▁" get ▁religion ". ▁ ▁Fre edom ▁R ides ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁the ▁AC M HR ▁helped ▁organ ize ▁the ▁Alabama ▁leg ▁of ▁that ▁summer ' s ▁Fre edom ▁R ides , ▁spons ored ▁by ▁the ▁Congress ▁for ▁Ra cial ▁Equ ality . ▁The ▁demonstr ations ▁ended ▁with ▁marked ▁violence ▁as ▁one ▁bus ▁was ▁fire b om bed ▁in ▁Ann ist on ▁and ▁another ▁was ▁met ▁by ▁an ▁organized ▁mob ▁at ▁the ▁B irmingham ▁Tra il ways ▁Station ▁with ▁no ▁police ▁in ▁sight . ▁AC M HR ▁volunte ers ▁took ▁injured ▁rid