au za ▁to ▁m au za ▁and ▁engaged ▁themselves ▁for ▁a ▁c rop ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁terms ▁of ▁re venue , ▁the ▁pa ik asta ▁ra iy ats ▁were ▁generally ▁paid ▁a ▁much ▁lower ▁rate ▁of ▁rent ▁than ▁the ▁k h ud k as ht a ▁ra iy ats . ▁The ▁divid end ▁to ▁the ▁k h ud k asta , ▁who ▁thus ▁became ▁an ▁abs ente e ▁owner , ▁came ▁from ▁hard ▁b arg aining . ▁P ah ik as ht ▁ra iy ats ▁were ▁a ▁subgroup ▁of ▁pe as ants ▁who ▁cultiv ated ▁the ▁land ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁area ▁where ▁they ▁res ided . ▁ ▁Another ▁subgroup ▁included ▁under - rai y ats ▁who ▁were ▁entitled ▁to ▁various ▁rights ▁of ▁occup ancy ▁and ▁transfer able ▁interests . ▁An ▁under - rai y at ▁it ▁was ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁a ▁k orf a , ▁though ▁an ▁under - rai y at ▁pay ing ▁rent ▁in ▁kind ▁was ▁referred ▁too ▁as ▁a ▁b arg ait . ▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 1 8 5 9 , ▁during ▁the ▁British ▁rule , ▁thousands ▁of ▁ry ots ▁in ▁Beng al ▁refused ▁to ▁grow ▁Ind igo . ▁ ▁The ▁Beng al ▁Ten ancy ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁was ▁developed ▁to ▁reg ulate ▁the ▁rent ▁of ▁under - rai y ats . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁causes ▁of ▁the ▁Beng al ▁Ten ancy ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁was ▁the ▁Bi har ▁R ent ▁Committee ▁report ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁which