9 3 5 , ▁when ▁the ▁last ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁At at ür k ' s ▁Re forms ▁removed ▁the ▁reference ▁to ▁Islam ; ▁the ▁political ▁system ▁became ▁a ▁sec ular ▁( 2 . 1 ) ▁and ▁dem ocr atic ▁( 2 . 1 ), ▁republic ▁ ▁( 1 . 1 ) ▁that ▁der ives ▁its ▁so vere ig nt y ▁( 6 . 1 ) ▁from ▁the ▁people . ▁The ▁so vere ig nt y ▁rest s ▁with ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Nation , ▁who ▁deleg ates ▁its ▁exercise ▁to ▁an ▁elected ▁un ic amer al ▁parliament ▁( position ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 ), ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Grand ▁National ▁Assembly . ▁The ▁pre am ble ▁also ▁inv okes ▁the ▁principles ▁of ▁national ism , ▁defined ▁as ▁the ▁" material ▁and ▁spiritual ▁well - be ing ▁of ▁the ▁Republic " ▁( position ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 ). ▁The ▁basic ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁is ▁la ï c ité ▁( 2 ), ▁social ▁equality ▁ ▁( 2 ), ▁equality ▁before ▁law ▁( 1 0 ), ▁and ▁the ▁ind iv is ibility ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Nation ▁( 3 . 1 ). " ▁ ▁Thus , ▁it ▁sets ▁out ▁to ▁found ▁a ▁unit ary ▁nation - state ▁( position ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 ) ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁principles ▁of ▁sec ular ▁dem ocracy . ▁There ▁exists ▁separation ▁of ▁powers ▁between ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁Power ▁( 7 . 1 ), ▁Executive ▁Power ▁( 8 . 1 ), ▁and ▁Jud icial