- c aten in ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁marked ▁for ▁destruction , ▁but ▁continues ▁to ▁be ▁produced , ▁its ▁concentration ▁will ▁increase . ▁Once ▁ β - c aten in ▁levels ▁rise ▁high ▁enough ▁to ▁s atur ate ▁all ▁binding ▁sites ▁in ▁the ▁cy top las m , ▁it ▁will ▁also ▁trans loc ate ▁into ▁the ▁nucle us . ▁Upon ▁eng aging ▁the ▁trans cription ▁factors ▁LE F 1 , ▁T CF 1 , ▁T CF 2 ▁or ▁T CF 3 , ▁ β - c aten in ▁forces ▁them ▁to ▁dis eng age ▁their ▁previous ▁partners : ▁Gr ou cho ▁prote ins . ▁Un like ▁Gr ou cho , ▁that ▁rec ruit ▁trans cription al ▁repr ess ors ▁( e . g . ▁hist one - ly s ine ▁m eth yl trans fer ases ), ▁beta - c aten in ▁will ▁bind ▁trans cription al ▁activ ators , ▁switching ▁on ▁target ▁gen es . ▁ ▁Ro le ▁in ▁cell - cell ▁ad hes ion ▁▁ ▁Cell – cell ▁ad hes ion ▁complex es ▁are ▁essential ▁for ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁complex ▁animal ▁t issues . ▁ β - c aten in ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁protein ▁complex ▁that ▁form ▁ad her ens ▁j unction s . ▁These ▁cell - cell ▁ad hes ion ▁complex es ▁are ▁necessary ▁for ▁the ▁creation ▁and ▁maintenance ▁of ▁ep ith el ial ▁cell ▁layers ▁and ▁bar riers . ▁As ▁a ▁component ▁of ▁the ▁complex , ▁ β - c aten in ▁can ▁reg ulate ▁cell ▁growth ▁and ▁ad