▁B ias ▁in ▁British ▁R ac et rack ▁Bet ting ▁Mark ets ", ▁Le ight on ▁V aug han ▁Williams , ▁David ▁Pat on . ▁The ▁Econom ic ▁Journal , ▁volume ▁ 1 0 7 , ▁number ▁ 4 4 0 ▁( J anu ary , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ), ▁pages ▁ 1 5 0 – 1 5 8 . ▁ ▁Opt imal ▁Det erm ination ▁of ▁Book m akers ' ▁Bet ting ▁O dd s : ▁Theory ▁and ▁Test s , ▁by ▁John ▁F ing leton ▁and ▁Patrick ▁Wald ron , ▁Tr inity ▁Econom ic ▁P aper ▁Series , ▁Techn ical ▁P aper ▁No . ▁ 9 6 / 9 , ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁University ▁of ▁Dublin , ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁" O dd s ▁That ▁Don ' t ▁Add ▁Up ! ", ▁Mike ▁F let cher , ▁Te aching ▁Mathemat ics ▁and ▁its ▁App lications , ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁volume ▁ 1 3 , ▁number ▁ 4 , ▁pages ▁ 1 4 5 – 1 4 7 . ▁ ▁" Information , ▁Pr ices ▁and ▁E ffic iency ▁in ▁a ▁F ixed - O dd s ▁Bet ting ▁Market ", ▁Peter ▁F . ▁Pope , ▁David ▁A . ▁Pe el , ▁Econom ica , ▁New ▁Series , ▁volume ▁ 5 6 , ▁number ▁ 2 2 3 , ▁( August , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ), ▁pages ▁ 3 2 3 – 3 4 1 . ▁ ▁" A ▁Mathemat