▁privile ge ▁in ▁ 1 4 3 2 ▁in ▁ess ence ▁repeated ▁previous ▁acts . ▁Military ▁service ▁remained ▁the ▁primary ▁means ▁to ▁receive ▁land . ▁ ▁Priv ile ge ▁of ▁May ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 4 3 4 ▁was ▁granted ▁by ▁Sig ism und ▁K est ut ait is ▁to ▁Catholic ▁and ▁Eastern ▁Orth odox ▁nob ility . ▁They ▁were ▁guaranteed ▁freedom ▁to ▁dispose ▁of ▁their ▁land . ▁Sign ific antly , ▁the ▁act ▁also ▁prohib ited ▁per sec ution ▁without ▁a ▁fair ▁trial . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 4 4 7 ▁Cas imir ▁I ▁J agi ell on ▁limited ▁positions ▁within ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁or ▁state ▁institutions ▁only ▁to ▁people ▁from ▁Lith u ania . ▁C ertain ▁nobles ▁were ▁released ▁from ▁their ▁duties ▁to ▁the ▁Grand ▁Duke . ▁This ▁privile ge ▁also ▁marked ▁the ▁beg inn ings ▁of ▁ser f dom ▁in ▁Lith u ania , ▁as ▁pe as ants ▁were ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁Grand ▁Duke ' s ▁juris diction . ▁▁ 1 4 9 2 ▁privile ge ▁by ▁Alexander ▁J agi ell on ▁renew ed ▁the ▁ 1 4 4 7 ▁privile ge ▁and ▁added ▁a ▁few ▁more ▁prov isions , ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁of ▁which ▁limited ▁the ▁Grand ▁Duke ' s ▁rights ▁in ▁regards ▁to ▁foreign ▁policy . ▁The ▁Grand ▁Duke ▁became ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁Lith uan ian ▁Council ▁of ▁L ords . ▁Without ▁the ▁consent ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁no ▁high ▁official ▁could ▁be ▁removed ▁from ▁his ▁position . ▁Lower ▁posts ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁appointed ▁in ▁the ▁presence ▁of