▁in ▁which ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁large ▁organ ic ▁an ions ▁results ▁in ▁pol yan il ine ▁nan of ib ers ▁and ▁nan ot ub es ▁having ▁average ▁diam eters ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 5 0 - 8 0 ▁n m ▁range . ▁ ▁Standard ▁synth esis ▁of ▁pol yan il ine ▁yields ▁gran ular ▁morph ology . ▁However , ▁if ▁the ▁conventional ▁reaction ▁is ▁seed ed ▁by ▁ 1 - 4 ▁m g ▁( seed ▁quantities ) ▁of ▁added ▁pre - syn thes ized ▁pol yan il ine ▁nan of ib ers , ▁( nan of iber ▁se eds ▁could ▁be ▁prepared ▁from ▁inter fa cial ▁polym er ization ) ▁the ▁bulk ▁morph ology ▁changes ▁dram atically ▁from ▁gran ular ▁to ▁n ano - f ibr ill ar . ▁Furthermore , ▁increased ▁capac it ance ▁values ▁were ▁observed ▁in ▁pol yan il ine ▁nan of ib ers ▁synth es ized ▁by ▁the ▁nan of iber ▁seed ing ▁approach . ▁Ox id ative ▁polym er ization ▁can ▁be ▁also ▁seed ed ▁by ▁other ▁nan ost ruct ure ▁materials ▁such ▁as ▁van ad ium ▁pent ox ide ▁nan of ib ers , ▁where ▁V 2 O 5 ▁nan of ib ers ▁( i ) ▁Rap id ly ▁initi ate ▁f ibr ill ar ▁polym er ▁growth ▁( ii ) ▁S low ly ▁dissol ve ▁in ▁a q . ▁ 1 . 0 ▁M ▁H Cl , ▁which ▁elimin ates ▁template ▁removal ▁steps . ▁Hence ▁only ▁catal yt ic ▁amounts ▁( 4 m g ) ▁V