ers ing ▁the ▁h ides ▁in ▁a ▁v at ▁filled ▁with ▁tan b ark ▁and ▁its ▁rich ▁‘ liqu or ’ ▁extra ▁for ▁six ▁to ▁twelve ▁months . ▁After wards ▁the ▁le ather ▁was ▁be aten ▁or ▁ful led ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁more ▁p li able ▁and ▁then ▁carefully ▁d ried . ▁So ft , ▁water proof ▁le athers ▁with ▁a ▁smooth ▁finish ▁required ▁further ▁treatment ▁by ▁a ▁cur rier .” ▁ ▁Tan b ark ▁was ▁an ▁essential ▁ing red ient ▁in ▁the ▁t anning ▁process . ▁Each ▁hide ▁required ▁one ▁to ▁two ▁times ▁its ▁weight ▁in ▁b ark ▁for ▁proper ▁t anning , ▁with ▁the ▁t ann ery ▁cons uming ▁ 6 0 ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 ▁c ords ▁( 2 1 8 ▁to ▁ 3 6 3 ▁cub ic ▁meters ) ▁of ▁tan b ark ▁ann ually . ▁Oak ▁and ▁hem lock ▁b arks ▁were ▁gathered ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁and ▁d ried , ▁then ▁stored ▁in ▁a ▁shed ▁to ▁protect ▁from ▁the ▁rain ▁until ▁needed . ▁The ▁tan b ark ▁was ▁then ▁reduced ▁to ▁a ▁co arse ▁pow der ▁at ▁the ▁tan b ark ▁mill ▁using ▁a ▁contemporary ▁German ▁practice ▁of ▁b ark ▁stamp ing . ▁This ▁set ▁the ▁Mor av ians ▁apart ▁as ▁most ▁early ▁American ▁b ark ▁mill s ▁util ized ▁animal - power ed ▁stone ▁roll ers ▁to ▁cr ush ▁the ▁b ark . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁T ann ery , ▁Mon oc acy ▁Creek ▁vic inity , ▁Beth le hem ,