ial ▁election . ▁Hel ms ▁submitted ▁his ▁res ignation ▁to ▁President ▁Ford ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁October . ▁Meanwhile , ▁the ▁grand ▁j ury ▁sitting ▁in ▁Washington ▁had ▁" shift ed ▁the ▁focus ▁of ▁its ▁investigation " ▁about ▁past ▁activities ▁of ▁the ▁C IA . ▁ ▁Sec rets : ▁policy , ▁politics ▁In ▁mid - 1 9 7 0 s ▁America , ▁an ▁emer ging ▁public ▁attitude ▁had ▁become ▁main stream . ▁Con sequently , ▁polit icians ▁no ▁longer ▁de igned ▁to ▁count en ance ▁a ▁blank et ▁exception ▁to ▁" what - m ight - be - question able " ▁C IA ▁activities . ▁With ▁regard ▁to ▁the ▁application ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution , ▁hence for th ▁all ▁US G ▁ag encies ▁were ▁expected ▁to ▁conform ▁explicitly ▁to ▁usual ▁principles ▁of ▁trans par ency . ▁Ear lier , ▁Hel ms ▁had ▁given ▁testim ony ▁about ▁prior ▁cover t ▁C IA ▁actions ▁in ▁Chile , ▁at ▁a ▁time ▁when ▁he ▁considered ▁that ▁older , ▁pre - ex isting , ▁inform al ▁understand ings ▁concerning ▁the ▁C IA ▁still ▁pre va iled ▁in ▁Congress . ▁This ▁testim ony ▁was ▁later ▁jud ged ▁under ▁the ▁new ▁rules , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁his ▁per j ury ▁ind ict ment ▁in ▁a ▁court ▁of ▁law . ▁His ▁advoc ates ▁thus ▁claimed ▁that ▁Hel ms ▁was ▁unf air ly ▁held ▁to ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁double ▁standard . Hel ms ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁p . ▁ 4 4 5 . ▁ ▁Year ▁of ▁intelligence ▁ ▁During ▁the