▁established ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁after ▁the ▁dissol ution ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union , ▁most ▁Soviet ▁aircraft ▁carri ers ▁were ▁transferred ▁over ▁to ▁Russia . ▁ ▁Active : ▁▁▁▁ ▁( 1 9 9 1 – present ) ▁ ▁Ret ired : ▁▁▁▁ ▁( 1 9 9 1 – 1 9 9 3 ); ▁converted ▁to ▁a ▁theme ▁park ▁( l ater ▁hotel ) ▁in ▁China ▁▁ ▁( 1 9 9 1 – 1 9 9 3 ); ▁converted ▁to ▁a ▁theme ▁park ▁in ▁China ▁▁ ▁( 1 9 9 1 – 1 9 9 3 ); ▁scra pped ▁▁ ▁( 1 9 9 1 – 1 9 9 5 ); ▁modified , ▁re built ▁and ▁sold ▁to ▁India , ▁renamed ▁ ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁ ▁The ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁was ▁dissol ved ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁most ▁Soviet ▁aircraft ▁carri ers ▁were ▁transferred ▁to ▁Russia , ▁with ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁V ary ag ▁which ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁Ukraine . ▁U ly an ov sk ▁was ▁scra pped ▁before ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁was ▁dissol ved . ▁ ▁In ▁service ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁Soviet ▁state : ▁▁▁▁ ▁( 1 9 8 5 – 1 9 9 1 ) ▁— ▁to ▁Russia ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁▁▁▁ ▁( 1 9 7 2 – 1 9 9 1 ) ▁— ▁to ▁Russia ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁▁ ▁( 1 9 7 5 – 1 9 9 1 ) ▁— ▁to ▁Russia ▁( 1 9 9 1