. ▁ ▁Another ▁more ▁serious ▁incident ▁occurred ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁at ▁the ▁Pap ago ▁Res ervation ▁west ▁of ▁T uc son . ▁Following ▁President ▁Ro ose vel t ' s ▁signing ▁of ▁the ▁Select ive ▁Training ▁and ▁Service ▁Act , ▁attempts ▁were ▁made ▁to ▁register ▁all ▁able - b od ied ▁American ▁Indian ▁males ▁for ▁the ▁draft . ▁This ▁did ▁not ▁sit ▁well ▁with ▁the ▁Pap ago ▁leader ▁Pia ▁Mach ita , ▁who ▁refused ▁to ▁allow ▁his ▁fellow ▁tribes men ▁to ▁register ▁because ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁recognize ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁government . ▁Federal ▁authorities ▁knew ▁that ▁Pia ' s ▁follow ers ▁were ▁mostly ▁ill iter ate ▁and ▁therefore ▁in el ig ible ▁for ▁the ▁draft , ▁but ▁Pia ▁was ▁una ware ▁of ▁this ▁and ▁resist ed . ▁In ▁response , ▁federal ▁officers ▁launched ▁a ▁ra id ▁on ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁October ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁to ▁arrest ▁Pia ▁for ▁draft ▁ev asion , ▁but ▁the ▁Pap ag os ▁captured ▁them , ▁beat ▁them ▁up , ▁and ▁then ▁sent ▁them ▁on ▁their ▁way . ▁Pia ▁then ▁fled ▁into ▁the ▁desert , ▁leading ▁to ▁a ▁man h unt ▁and ▁his ▁event ual ▁capture ▁and ▁in car cer ation . ▁ ▁The ▁Phoenix ▁Mass acre ▁In ▁what ▁is ▁usually ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁Phoenix ▁Mass acre , ▁at ▁least ▁four teen ▁people ▁were ▁killed ▁or ▁wounded ▁during ▁a ▁violent ▁confront ation ▁in ▁dow nt own ▁Phoenix ▁between ▁soldiers ▁of ▁the ▁African - American ▁ 3 6