▁word ▁pair ▁associations ▁was ▁. 2 5 . ▁However , ▁in ▁another ▁view , ▁the ▁associ ative ▁symmetry ▁hypothesis , ▁the ▁strength s ▁of ▁forward ▁and ▁back ward ▁recall ▁are ▁about ▁equal ▁and ▁highly ▁correl ated . ▁In ▁S . E ▁A sch ▁from ▁Sw arth more ▁College ▁and ▁S . ▁M ▁E ben hol tz ' s ▁experiment , ▁participants ▁learned ▁pairs ▁of ▁n ons ense ▁sy ll ables ▁by ▁anticip ation ▁recall . ▁After ▁reaching ▁a ▁certain ▁threshold ▁of ▁learning , ▁the ▁participants ▁were ▁tested ▁by ▁free ▁recall ▁to ▁determine ▁all ▁pairs ▁and ▁single ▁items ▁they ▁could ▁remember . ▁These ▁research ers ▁found ▁that ▁back ward ▁association ▁was ▁greatly ▁we aker ▁than ▁forward ▁association . ▁However , ▁when ▁the ▁avail ability ▁of ▁forward ▁and ▁back ward ▁recall ▁were ▁basically ▁the ▁same , ▁there ▁was ▁little ▁difference ▁between ▁forward ▁and ▁back ward ▁recall . ▁Some ▁scient ists ▁including ▁A sch ▁and ▁E ben hol tz ▁believe ▁in ▁the ▁independent ▁association ▁hypothesis ▁think ▁that ▁the ▁equal ▁strength s ▁of ▁forward ▁and ▁back ward ▁recall ▁are ▁compatible ▁with ▁their ▁hypothesis ▁because ▁forward ▁and ▁back ward ▁recall ▁could ▁be ▁independent ▁but ▁with ▁equal ▁strength s . ▁However ▁associ ative ▁symmetry ▁the or ists ▁interpreted ▁the ▁data ▁to ▁mean ▁that ▁the ▁results ▁fit ▁their ▁hypothesis . ▁ ▁Another ▁study ▁done ▁using ▁cu ed ▁recall ▁found ▁that ▁learning ▁occurs ▁during ▁test ▁tri als . ▁Mark ▁Car rier ▁and ▁P ash ler ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁group ▁with ▁a ▁study - only ▁phase