▁of ▁pl asma ▁inst abilities ▁and ▁pl asma ▁tur bul ence . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁career ▁ ▁Sud an ▁studied ▁at ▁P un j ab ▁University ▁( B ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 ) ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁India ▁Institute ▁of ▁Science , ▁where ▁he ▁received ▁his ▁di pl oma ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁he ▁received ▁his ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁elect rical ▁engineering ▁from ▁Imperial ▁College ▁London , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁T ata ▁Fellow . ▁He ▁then ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁engineer ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Thom son - H ou ston ▁Company ▁until ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁and ▁then ▁at ▁Imperial ▁Chem ical ▁Indust ries . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁scient ist ▁at ▁Corn ell ▁University ▁( in ▁Sim pson ▁Lin ke ' s ▁elect rical ▁engineering ▁labor atory ). ▁His ▁studies ▁of ▁power ▁cut - off ▁devices ▁there ▁led ▁him ▁to ▁pl asma ▁physics . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁he ▁became ▁assistant ▁professor ▁there ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁professor ▁of ▁elect rical ▁engineering ▁and ▁applied ▁physics . ▁He ▁was ▁IBM ▁Professor ▁of ▁Engineering ▁there ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁and ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Labor atory ▁for ▁Pl asma ▁Studies . ▁He ▁retired ▁as ▁Professor ▁Emer it us ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1