2 0 s . ▁The ▁rise ▁of ▁band it ry ▁made ▁travel ▁dangerous ▁indeed ▁ 1 8 1 2 ▁is ▁held ▁as ▁the ▁date ▁from ▁where ▁safe ▁travel ▁between ▁Con cep ción ▁and ▁Santiago ▁was ▁not ▁longer ▁safe ▁for ▁small ▁groups . ▁The ▁Pin che ira ▁brothers , ▁a ▁royal ist ▁out law ▁group ▁based ▁on ▁ind igen ous ▁territory ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁And es ▁was ▁defeated ▁and ▁dissol ved ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 2 . ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁words ▁of ▁Ben j am ín ▁Vic u ña ▁Mack en na ▁band it ry ▁was ▁a ▁" n ational ▁pl ague , ▁worse ▁than ▁le p ra ▁or ▁ch ol era ". ▁Following ▁Chile an ▁vict ories ▁in ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Pacific ▁against ▁Peru ▁veter ans ▁begun ▁to ▁return ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁leading ▁to ▁a ▁sur ge ▁in ▁band it ry . ▁The ▁return ▁of ▁the ▁veter ans ▁coinc ided ▁with ▁the ▁Chile an ▁Army ' s ▁cr ushing ▁of ▁Map uche ▁resistance ▁in ▁the ▁Occ up ation ▁of ▁Ara uc an ía ▁( 1 8 6 1 – 1 8 8 3 ). ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁opportun ities ▁band its ▁and ▁veter ans - turn ed - band its ▁to ▁imm igr ate ▁to ▁the ▁newly ▁opened ▁A rac an ía ▁territory , ▁leading ▁to ▁sudden ▁rise ▁in ▁violence ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁region ▁that ▁was ▁recover ing ▁from ▁Chile an - Map uche ▁war fare . ▁Band its ▁that ▁imm igr ated ▁to ▁Ara uc an ía ▁al