▁form , ▁is ▁defined ▁as ▁problem ▁solving ▁as ▁it ▁occurs ▁in ▁the ▁natural ▁environment . ▁More ▁specifically ▁it ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁cogn itive - be havior al ▁process ▁in ▁which ▁one ▁works ▁to ▁find ▁adapt ive ▁ways ▁of ▁cop ing ▁with ▁every day ▁situations ▁that ▁are ▁considered ▁problem atic . ▁This ▁process ▁in ▁self - direct ed , ▁conscious , ▁effort ful , ▁c og ent , ▁and ▁focused . ▁Ada pt ive ▁social ▁problem - sol ving ▁skills ▁are ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁effective ▁cop ing ▁skills ▁in ▁an ▁array ▁of ▁stress ful ▁situations . ▁Social ▁problem - sol ving ▁consists ▁of ▁two ▁major ▁processes . ▁One ▁of ▁these ▁processes ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁problem ▁orientation . ▁Problem ▁orientation ▁is ▁defined ▁as ▁the ▁sch emas ▁one ▁holds ▁about ▁problems ▁in ▁every day ▁life ▁and ▁ones ▁assess ment ▁of ▁their ▁ability ▁to ▁solve ▁said ▁problems . ▁ ▁The ▁problem ▁orientation ▁may ▁be ▁positive ▁and ▁construct ive ▁to ▁the ▁problem ▁solving ▁process ▁or ▁negative ▁and ▁therefore ▁d ys function al ▁in ▁the ▁process . ▁Problem - sol ving ▁proper ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁second ▁major ▁process ▁in ▁social ▁problem - sol ving . ▁This ▁process ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁skills ▁and ▁techniques ▁one ▁uses ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁solutions ▁and ▁applying ▁these ▁skills ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁best ▁solutions ▁available . ▁This ▁model ▁has ▁been ▁expanded ▁by ▁Mc F all ▁and ▁Liber man ▁and ▁colle agues . ▁In ▁these ▁variations ▁social ▁problem - sol ving ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁multi - step ▁process ▁including ▁the ▁ad option ▁of