, ▁increased ▁fear - related ▁and ▁ag gress ive ▁behav iors , ▁and ▁injury ▁to ▁animals ▁and ▁people ▁interact ing ▁with ▁animals ." ▁ ▁Pra ise ▁In ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁text book ▁on ▁training ▁and ▁behavior , ▁Steven ▁L inds ay ▁writes ▁" Inst ead ▁of ▁inst illing ▁social ▁a version ▁and ▁anx iety ▁... ▁animal ▁and ▁human ▁research ▁supports ▁the ▁notion ▁that ▁compet ent ▁shock ▁[ col lar ] ▁training ▁appears ▁to ▁promote ▁positive ▁social ▁attachment , ▁safety , ▁and ▁reward ▁effects ▁that ▁may ▁be ▁provided ▁and ▁ampl ified ▁via ▁affection ate ▁pet ting ▁and ▁re ass uring ▁pra ise . ▁The ▁pre ponder ance ▁of ▁scientific ▁evidence ▁suggests ▁that ▁[ elect rical ▁stim ulation ] ▁escape / av oid ance ▁and ▁pain ▁reduction ▁should ▁promote ▁long - term ▁effects ▁that ▁are ▁in compatible ▁with ▁fear ▁and ▁stress , ▁making ▁the ▁tra iner ▁an ▁object ▁of ▁significant ▁extr insic ▁reward ▁that ▁actually ▁enh ances ▁the ▁dog ' s ▁w elf are ▁via ▁an ▁improved ▁capacity ▁for ▁social ▁cop ing , ▁learning , ▁and ▁adaptation ". ▁Steven ▁L inds ay ▁states ▁" If ▁minim izing ▁the ▁intensity , ▁duration , ▁and ▁frequency ▁of ▁a vers ive ▁stim ulation ▁during ▁training ▁is ▁recognized ▁as ▁a ▁significant ▁factor ▁in ▁the ▁definition ▁of ▁hum ane ▁dog ▁training , ▁then ▁the ▁radio ▁controlled ▁e - col lar ▁must ▁be ▁ranked ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁hum ane ▁dog - training ▁tools ▁currently ▁available " ▁▁ ▁" The ▁International ▁Association ▁of ▁Can ine ▁Prof ession