hes ives ▁is ▁provided ▁by ▁V j era ▁Grab ov ac ▁and ▁Andreas ▁Bern kop - S chn ür ch . ▁The ▁bio av ail ability ▁of ▁such ▁dru gs ▁is ▁affected ▁by ▁many ▁factors ▁unique ▁to ▁each ▁route ▁of ▁application . ▁In ▁general , ▁mu co ad hes ives ▁work ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁contact ▁time ▁at ▁these ▁sites , ▁prolong ing ▁the ▁residence ▁time ▁and ▁maintain ing ▁an ▁effective ▁release ▁rate . ▁These ▁polym er ic ▁coat ings ▁may ▁be ▁applied ▁to ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁liquid ▁and ▁solid ▁dos ages , ▁each ▁spe cially ▁su ited ▁for ▁the ▁route ▁of ▁administration . ▁ ▁D os age ▁Form s ▁ ▁Table ts ▁Table ts ▁are ▁small , ▁solid ▁dos ages ▁suitable ▁for ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁mu co ad hes ive ▁coat ings . ▁The ▁co ating ▁may ▁be ▁form ulated ▁to ▁ad here ▁to ▁a ▁specific ▁m uc osa , ▁en abling ▁both ▁system ic ▁and ▁target ed ▁local ▁administration . ▁Table ts ▁are ▁generally ▁taken ▁enter ally , ▁as ▁the ▁size ▁and ▁st iff ness ▁of ▁the ▁form ▁results ▁in ▁poor ▁patient ▁comp liance ▁when ▁admin ister ed ▁through ▁other ▁routes . ▁ ▁P atch es ▁In ▁general , ▁patch es ▁consist ▁of ▁three ▁separate ▁layers ▁that ▁contribute ▁and ▁control ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁medicine . ▁The ▁outer ▁imper me able ▁backing ▁layer ▁controls ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁release ▁and ▁reduces ▁drug ▁loss ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁contact . ▁It ▁also ▁protect s ▁the ▁other ▁layers ▁and ▁acts ▁as ▁a ▁mechanical ▁support