▁This ▁prom otes ▁the ▁international ization ▁of ▁business . ▁The ▁result , ▁some ▁Marx ists ▁argue , ▁is ▁an ▁international ▁transfer ▁of ▁value , ▁from ▁countries ▁with ▁a ▁we aker ▁b arg aining ▁position ▁to ▁those ▁with ▁a ▁stronger ▁one . ▁ ▁The ▁differential ▁in ▁labour ▁valu ations ▁becomes ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁profit ▁( see ▁also ▁global ▁labor ▁ar bit rage ). ▁ ▁Among ▁German ▁Marx ists , ▁Marx ' s ▁fragment ary ▁remarks ▁on ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁value ▁in ▁a ▁world ▁market ▁setting ▁stim ulated ▁an ▁important ▁theoretical ▁debate ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁One ▁aim ▁of ▁this ▁debate ▁was ▁to ▁move ▁beyond ▁cru de ▁Ric ard ian ▁interpret ations ▁of ▁compar ative ▁advantage ▁or ▁compar ative ▁costs ▁in ▁explaining ▁the ▁pattern ▁of ▁world ▁trade . ▁To ▁some ▁extent ▁similar ▁deb ates ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁US , ▁France ▁and ▁Japan . ▁In ▁particular , ▁when ▁the ▁volume ▁of ▁int ra - indust ry ▁trade ▁( I IT ) ▁between ▁countries ▁grows ▁( i . e . ▁the ▁same ▁kinds ▁of ▁products ▁are ▁both ▁imported ▁and ▁export ed ▁by ▁a ▁country ), ▁and ▁when ▁different ▁branches ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁mult in ational ▁import ▁and ▁export ▁between ▁countries ▁with ▁their ▁own ▁internal ▁price ▁regime , ▁international ▁compar ative ▁advantage ▁theories ▁of ▁the ▁Ric ard ian ▁type ▁do ▁not ▁apply . ▁ ▁Now ad ays , ▁Marx ian ▁sch ol ars ▁argue , ▁compar ative ▁advantage ▁surv ives ▁mainly ▁as ▁an ▁ide