▁theories ▁of ▁reason ed ▁action ▁and ▁planned ▁behaviour , ▁tr anst he oret ical ▁model ▁of ▁behavior ▁change , ▁the ▁health ▁action ▁process ▁approach ▁and ▁the ▁B J ▁F og g ▁model ▁of ▁behavior ▁change . ▁Research ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁conducted ▁regarding ▁specific ▁elements ▁of ▁these ▁theories , ▁especially ▁elements ▁like ▁self - e ffic acy ▁that ▁are ▁common ▁to ▁several ▁of ▁the ▁theories . ▁ ▁Self - e ffic acy ▁Self - e ffic acy ▁is ▁an ▁individual ' s ▁impression ▁of ▁their ▁own ▁ability ▁to ▁perform ▁a ▁demand ing ▁or ▁challeng ing ▁task ▁such ▁as ▁facing ▁an ▁exam ▁or ▁under going ▁surg ery . ▁This ▁impression ▁is ▁based ▁upon ▁factors ▁like ▁the ▁individual ' s ▁prior ▁success ▁in ▁the ▁task ▁or ▁in ▁related ▁tasks , ▁the ▁individual ' s ▁phys i ological ▁state , ▁and ▁outside ▁sources ▁of ▁persu asion . ▁Self - e ffic acy ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁predict ive ▁of ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁effort ▁an ▁individual ▁will ▁exp end ▁in ▁initi ating ▁and ▁maintain ing ▁a ▁behaviour al ▁change , ▁so ▁although ▁self - e ffic acy ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁behaviour al ▁change ▁theory ▁per ▁se , ▁it ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁element ▁of ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁theories , ▁including ▁the ▁health ▁belief ▁model , ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁planned ▁behaviour ▁and ▁the ▁health ▁action ▁process ▁approach . ▁ ▁Learning ▁theories ▁and ▁behav i ours ▁analyt ic ▁theories ▁of ▁change ▁ ▁Social ▁learning ▁and ▁social ▁cogn itive ▁theory ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁social ▁learning ▁theory ▁( more ▁recently ▁expanded ▁as ▁social