cer es ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Ada pt ed ▁from ▁C á cer es ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁/ ɨ / ▁is ▁written ▁< ü > ▁in ▁orth ography , ▁and ▁/ ə / ▁is ▁written ▁< ö >, ▁long ▁v ow els ▁are ▁indicated ▁by ▁dou bling ▁the ▁letter . ▁ ▁Mor ph ology ▁ ▁Ye ’ ku ana ' s ▁morph ology ▁is ▁compar able ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁other ▁Car ib an ▁languages . ▁Ye ' ku ana ▁makes ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁major ▁gram mat ical ▁aspects : ▁past ▁and ▁non - p ast . ▁The ▁' p ast ' ▁aspect ▁is ▁sub div ided ▁into ▁recent ▁and ▁distant ▁( the ▁much ▁more ▁used ▁of ▁the ▁two ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁perfect ive ▁and ▁imper fect ive . ▁The ▁' non - p ast ' ▁is ▁used ▁for ▁present , ▁near ▁future , ▁and ▁general ▁truth s . ▁As ▁well , ▁probable ▁and ▁definite ▁future ▁aspects ▁are ▁morph olog ically ▁distinct , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁distinct ▁imper fect ive ▁suffix , ▁and ▁the ▁iter ative , ▁dur ative ▁( p ast ), ▁in cho ative , ▁termin ative ▁aspects ▁are ▁all ▁marked , ▁the ▁latter ▁three ▁being ▁marked ▁peri phr ast ically , ▁rather ▁than ▁with ▁a ▁suffix ▁like ▁the ▁others . ▁ ▁Pr on oun s ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁person ▁pl ural ▁is ▁represented ▁by ▁three ▁forms ▁in ▁Ye ' ku ana : ▁a ▁dual ▁inclus ive ▁form ▁k ü w ü ,