▁to ▁contin ental ▁opinion ▁in ▁the ▁matter ▁of ▁the ▁import ation ▁of ▁ra gs . ▁ ▁The ▁Ven ice ▁convention ▁of ▁ 3 0 ▁January ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁de alt ▁with ▁ch ol era ▁by ▁the ▁S uez ▁Canal ▁route ; ▁that ▁of ▁Dresden ▁of ▁ 1 5 ▁April ▁ 1 8 9 3 , ▁with ▁ch ol era ▁within ▁European ▁countries ; ▁that ▁of ▁Paris ▁of ▁ 3 ▁April ▁ 1 8 9 4 , ▁with ▁ch ol era ▁by ▁the ▁pil gr im ▁traffic ; ▁and ▁that ▁of ▁Ven ice , ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁March ▁ 1 8 9 7 , ▁was ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁pl ague ▁in ▁the ▁East , ▁and ▁the ▁conference ▁met ▁to ▁sett le ▁on ▁an ▁international ▁basis ▁the ▁steps ▁to ▁be ▁taken ▁to ▁prevent , ▁if ▁possible , ▁its ▁spread ▁into ▁Europe . ▁An ▁additional ▁convention ▁was ▁signed ▁in ▁Paris ▁on ▁ 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 0 3 . ▁ ▁A ▁mult il ater al ▁international ▁san it ary ▁convention ▁was ▁concluded ▁at ▁Paris ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁This ▁convention ▁was ▁most ▁compreh ensive ▁and ▁was ▁designated ▁to ▁replace ▁all ▁previous ▁convent ions ▁on ▁that ▁matter . ▁It ▁was ▁signed ▁by ▁ 4 0 ▁countries , ▁and ▁consisted ▁of ▁ 1 6 0 ▁articles . ▁Rat ifications ▁by ▁ 1 6 ▁of ▁the ▁sign ator ies ▁were ▁ex changed ▁in ▁Paris ▁on ▁ 7 ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 0 .