wise , ▁a ▁person ▁has ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁a ▁public ▁trial . ▁This ▁right ▁protect s ▁defend ants ▁from ▁secret ▁proceed ings ▁that ▁might ▁encou rage ▁ab use ▁of ▁the ▁justice ▁system , ▁and ▁serves ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁public ▁informed . ▁This ▁am end ment ▁also ▁guarante es ▁a ▁right ▁to ▁legal ▁coun sel ▁if ▁accused ▁of ▁a ▁crime , ▁guarante es ▁that ▁the ▁accused ▁may ▁require ▁witness es ▁to ▁attend ▁the ▁trial ▁and ▁test ify ▁in ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁the ▁accused , ▁and ▁guarante es ▁the ▁accused ▁a ▁right ▁to ▁know ▁the ▁charges ▁against ▁them . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁ruled ▁that , ▁with ▁the ▁Fif th ▁Am end ment , ▁this ▁am end ment ▁requires ▁what ▁has ▁become ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Mir anda ▁warning . ▁ ▁The ▁Se vent h ▁Am end ment ▁( 1 7 9 1 ) ▁extends ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁a ▁j ury ▁trial ▁to ▁federal ▁civil ▁cases , ▁and ▁in hib its ▁courts ▁from ▁over turn ing ▁a ▁j ury ' s ▁find ings ▁of ▁fact . ▁Although ▁the ▁Se vent h ▁Am end ment ▁itself ▁says ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁limited ▁to ▁" su its ▁at ▁common ▁law ", ▁meaning ▁cases ▁that ▁triggered ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁a ▁j ury ▁under ▁English ▁law , ▁the ▁am end ment ▁has ▁been ▁found ▁to ▁apply ▁in ▁law su its ▁that ▁are ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁old ▁common ▁law ▁cases . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁a ▁j ury ▁trial ▁applies ▁to ▁cases ▁brought ▁under