, ▁which ▁bind s ▁the ▁states ▁to ▁respect ▁due ▁process , ▁and ▁the ▁Fif teenth ▁Am end ment , ▁which ▁contains ▁a ▁partial ▁right ▁to ▁vote . ▁ ▁While ▁section ▁ 3 1 ▁den ies ▁rem ed ial ▁powers ▁in ▁respect ▁of ▁the ▁Char ter ▁for ▁Parliament ▁and ▁the ▁legisl atures , ▁the ▁courts ▁receive ▁this ▁authority ▁through ▁section ▁ 2 4 ▁and ▁section ▁ 5 2 ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution ▁Act , ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁Federal ism ▁Section ▁ 3 1 ▁is ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁federal ism ▁in ▁that ▁if ▁federal ism ▁means ▁both ▁the ▁central ▁and ▁regional ▁authorities ▁are ▁so ver eign , ▁the ▁central ▁authority ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁interven e ▁to ▁change ▁a ▁regional ▁act . ▁ ▁The ▁Constitution ▁Act , ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁allows ▁for ▁this ▁in ▁regard ▁to ▁educational ▁rights ▁because ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁Canada ▁was ▁not ▁designed ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁truly ▁federal ▁country . ▁ ▁However , ▁Parliament ▁has ▁never ▁exerc ised ▁its ▁educational ▁powers ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁now ▁generally ▁expected ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁would ▁not ▁act ▁that ▁way . ▁ ▁Jud icial ▁interpretation ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁the ▁Al berta ▁Court ▁of ▁App e al , ▁in ▁making ▁its ▁r uling ▁on ▁R . ▁v . ▁Big ▁M ▁D rug ▁Mart ▁Ltd ., ▁made ▁reference ▁to ▁section ▁ 3 1 . ▁ ▁A ▁lower ▁court ▁had ▁found ▁federal ▁legisl ation ▁comp elling ▁the ▁observ ance ▁of ▁the ▁Christian ▁S abb ath