s ▁limits . ▁The ▁city ▁was ▁protected ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁by ▁a ▁massive ▁fort ification ▁system . ▁During ▁Pers ian ▁rule ▁( 5 3 9 – 3 3 0 ▁BC ) ▁Y ok ne am ▁was ▁a ▁dense , ▁un fort ified ▁and ▁cosm opol itan ▁city , ▁housing ▁Jews , ▁Pho en icians ▁and ▁Pers ians . ▁Very ▁little ▁has ▁been ▁found ▁in ▁Y ok ne am ▁from ▁the ▁H ellen istic , ▁Roman , ▁and ▁By z antine ▁periods ▁( 3 3 3 ▁B CE – 6 3 4 ▁CE ), ▁because ▁the ▁settlement ▁was ▁probably ▁located ▁on ▁a ▁different ▁hill , ▁south ▁of ▁Tel ▁Y ok ne am . ▁The ▁remains ▁of ▁a ▁By z antine ▁church ▁were ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁m ound . ▁After ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁con quest ▁of ▁ 6 3 4 ▁AD , ▁a ▁well - pl anned ▁city ▁was ▁established ▁on ▁the ▁m ound ▁by ▁the ▁Abb as id ▁C ali ph ate . ▁It ▁was ▁gradually ▁abandoned , ▁and ▁was ▁struck ▁by ▁an ▁earth qu ake ▁in ▁ 1 0 3 3 ▁CE . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁century ▁CE , ▁the ▁Cr us aders ▁built ▁a ▁fort ified ▁city ▁on ▁the ▁site , ▁the ▁largest ▁since ▁the ▁Iron ▁Age . ▁The ▁city ▁eventually ▁fell ▁to ▁the ▁Muslim s , ▁and ▁was ▁re built ▁by ▁the ▁Mam lu ks ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁CE . ▁After ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁con quest ▁of ▁ 1 5