▁once ▁to ▁New ▁York , ▁where ▁Congress ▁was ▁in ▁session , ▁to ▁pla c ate ▁the ▁expected ▁opposition . ▁A ware ▁of ▁their ▁van ishing ▁authority , ▁Congress , ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 8 , ▁after ▁some ▁debate , ▁resolved ▁un anim ously ▁to ▁submit ▁the ▁Constitution ▁to ▁the ▁States ▁for ▁action , ▁" in ▁conform ity ▁to ▁the ▁resol ves ▁of ▁the ▁Convention ", ▁but ▁with ▁no ▁recommendation ▁either ▁for ▁or ▁against ▁its ▁ad option . ▁ ▁Two ▁parties ▁soon ▁developed , ▁one ▁in ▁opposition , ▁the ▁Anti - F eder al ists , ▁and ▁one ▁in ▁support , ▁the ▁Federal ists , ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution ; ▁and ▁the ▁Constitution ▁was ▁deb ated , ▁critic ized , ▁and ▁exp ounded ▁upon ▁clause ▁by ▁clause . ▁Hamilton , ▁Mad ison , ▁and ▁Jay , ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Pub lius , ▁wrote ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁comment aries , ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁The ▁Federal ist ▁Pap ers , ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁rat ification ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁New ▁York , ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁a ▁hot bed ▁of ▁anti - F eder al ism . ▁ ▁These ▁comment aries ▁on ▁the ▁Constitution , ▁written ▁during ▁the ▁struggle ▁for ▁rat ification , ▁have ▁been ▁frequently ▁c ited ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁as ▁an ▁author itative ▁contemporary ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁its ▁prov isions . ▁ ▁The ▁dispute ▁over ▁additional ▁powers ▁for ▁the ▁central ▁government ▁was ▁close , ▁and ▁in ▁some ▁states , ▁rat ification ▁was ▁effect ed ▁only ▁after ▁a ▁bitter ▁struggle ▁in ▁the ▁state