- wave ▁plate ▁in ▁the ▁table ▁above . ▁These ▁rot ations ▁are ▁identical ▁to ▁beam ▁unit ary ▁split ter ▁transformation ▁in ▁optical ▁physics ▁given ▁by ▁ ▁where ▁the ▁prim ed ▁and ▁un prim ed ▁coefficients ▁represent ▁be ams ▁incident ▁from ▁opposite ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁beam ▁split ter . ▁The ▁reflected ▁and ▁transm itted ▁components ▁ac quire ▁a ▁phase ▁ θ r ▁and ▁ θ t , ▁respectively . ▁The ▁requirements ▁for ▁a ▁valid ▁representation ▁of ▁the ▁element ▁are ▁▁ ▁and ▁ ▁Both ▁of ▁these ▁representations ▁are ▁unit ary ▁matrices ▁fitting ▁these ▁requirements ; ▁and ▁as ▁such , ▁are ▁both ▁valid . ▁ ▁Ar bitr arily ▁rot ated ▁elements ▁▁ ▁This ▁would ▁involve ▁a ▁three - dimensional ▁rotation ▁matrix . ▁ ▁See ▁Russell ▁A . ▁Ch ip man ▁and ▁Gar am ▁Y un ▁for ▁work ▁done ▁on ▁this . ▁ ▁Pol ar ization ▁axis ▁from ▁Jones ▁vector ▁▁ ▁The ▁angle ▁of ▁polar ization ▁el lipse ▁of ▁the ▁Jones ▁vector ▁ ▁can ▁be ▁calculated ▁as ▁below , ▁ ▁where ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁angle ▁of ▁either ▁a ▁major ▁or ▁a ▁minor ▁axis ▁and ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁reflection ▁matrix . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Pol ar ization ▁ ▁Sc atter ing ▁parameters ▁ ▁Sto kes ▁parameters ▁ ▁Mu eller ▁calculus ▁ ▁Phot on ▁polar ization ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁E . ▁Col lett , ▁Field ▁Guide ▁to ▁Pol ar ization , ▁S PI E ▁Field ▁Gu ides ▁vol . ▁F G 0 5 , ▁S PI E ▁( 2 0 0 5 ).