▁al lies : ▁if ▁section ▁A ▁regard ▁section ▁B ▁as ▁il oon ku api , ▁then ▁B ▁may ▁apply ▁the ▁same ▁term ▁to ▁A , ▁imp lying ▁mut ual ▁m istr ust . ▁The ▁confusion ▁appears ▁to ▁stem ▁from ▁an ▁early ▁work ▁by ▁the ▁coast al ▁mission ary ▁Ludwig ▁K rap f , ▁whose ▁Ma as ai ▁inform ant ▁wished ▁to ▁distance ▁himself ▁from ▁those ▁Ma as ai ▁who ▁were ▁responsible ▁for ▁ra ids ▁on ▁the ▁Sw ah ili ▁coast . ▁He ▁described ▁them ▁as ▁il oon ku api , ▁and ▁K rap f ▁assumed ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁other ▁Ma a - spe aking ▁pe op les ▁who ▁were ▁dead ly ▁enemies ▁of ▁the ▁Ma as ai ▁proper , ▁regarding ▁il oon ku api ▁as ▁an ▁absolute ▁term ▁rather ▁than ▁a ▁reci pro cal ▁one . ▁Sub sequ ent ▁visitors ▁to ▁the ▁area ▁followed ▁K rap f ’ s ▁account ▁and ▁the ▁name ▁W ak w avi ▁became ▁established , ▁randomly ▁applied ▁to ▁eth nic ▁groups ▁who ▁were ▁neighb ours ▁of ▁the ▁Ma as ai ▁proper ▁and ▁shared ▁their ▁culture ▁up ▁to ▁a ▁point . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁K rap f , ▁Johann ▁Ludwig , ▁( 1 8 5 4 ), ▁V oc ab ul ary ▁of ▁the ▁Eng ut uk ▁E lo ik op , ▁or ▁the ▁voc ab ul ary ▁of ▁the ▁W aku af i ▁Nation ▁in ▁the ▁Inter ior ▁of ▁Equ atorial ▁Africa ▁T üb ingen : ▁F ues . ▁ ▁Sp encer , ▁Paul , ▁( 2 0