▁ ▁The ▁rac ist ▁attitude ▁concerning ▁slaves ▁carried ▁over ▁into ▁the ▁histor i ography ▁of ▁the ▁Dun ning ▁School ▁of ▁Re const ruction ▁era ▁history , ▁which ▁domin ated ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁Writing ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁historian ▁Eric ▁Fon er ▁states : ▁ ▁Begin ning ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 0 s , ▁histor i ography ▁moved ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁" over t " ▁rac ism ▁of ▁the ▁Phill ips ▁era . ▁Histor ians ▁still ▁emphas ized ▁the ▁slave ▁as ▁an ▁object . ▁Where as ▁Phill ips ▁presented ▁the ▁slave ▁as ▁the ▁object ▁of ▁ben ign ▁attention ▁by ▁the ▁own ers , ▁histor ians ▁such ▁as ▁Kenneth ▁St am pp ▁emphas ized ▁the ▁mist re at ment ▁and ▁ab use ▁of ▁the ▁slave . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁port ray al ▁of ▁the ▁slave ▁as ▁victim , ▁the ▁historian ▁Stanley ▁M . ▁El kins ▁in ▁his ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁work ▁" S la very : ▁A ▁Problem ▁in ▁American ▁Institution al ▁and ▁Intel lect ual ▁Life " ▁compared ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁sla very ▁to ▁that ▁resulting ▁from ▁the ▁brut ality ▁of ▁the ▁Naz i ▁concentration ▁cam ps . ▁He ▁stated ▁the ▁institution ▁destroyed ▁the ▁will ▁of ▁the ▁slave , ▁creating ▁an ▁" emas cul ated , ▁do cile ▁Sam bo " ▁who ▁identified ▁totally ▁with ▁the ▁owner . ▁El kins ' ▁th esis ▁was ▁challeng ed ▁by ▁histor ians . ▁Grad