▁came ▁under ▁Charles ' s ▁control ▁was ▁not ▁used ▁to ▁any ▁advantage , ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁reach ▁Scotland ▁in ▁time ▁to ▁join ▁up ▁with ▁the ▁royal ist ▁Eng ager ▁army ▁of ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Hamilton ▁before ▁it ▁was ▁defeated ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Pr eston ▁by ▁the ▁Parliament ari ans . ▁ ▁At ▁The ▁H ague , ▁Charles ▁had ▁a ▁brief ▁affair ▁with ▁Lucy ▁Walter , ▁who ▁later ▁f als ely ▁claimed ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁secret ly ▁married . ▁Her ▁son , ▁James ▁Cro ft s ▁( after wards ▁Duke ▁of ▁Mon mouth ▁and ▁Duke ▁of ▁Bu cc le uch ), ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁Charles ' s ▁many ▁il leg it imate ▁children ▁who ▁became ▁prominent ▁in ▁British ▁society . ▁ ▁Despite ▁his ▁son ' s ▁diplom atic ▁efforts ▁to ▁save ▁him , ▁King ▁Charles ▁I ▁was ▁be head ed ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 6 4 9 , ▁and ▁England ▁became ▁a ▁republic . ▁On ▁ 5 ▁February , ▁the ▁C oven anter ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Scotland ▁proc laimed ▁Charles ▁II ▁" K ing ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain , ▁France ▁and ▁Ireland " ▁at ▁the ▁Mer cat ▁Cross , ▁Edinburgh , ▁but ▁refused ▁to ▁allow ▁him ▁to ▁enter ▁Scotland ▁unless ▁he ▁accepted ▁the ▁im position ▁of ▁Pres by ter ian ism ▁throughout ▁Britain ▁and ▁Ireland . ▁ ▁When ▁negoti ations ▁with ▁the ▁Sc ots ▁st alled , ▁Charles ▁author ised ▁General ▁Mont rose ▁to ▁land ▁in ▁the ▁Or k ney ▁Islands ▁with ▁a ▁small ▁army ▁to ▁threaten ▁the ▁Sc ots ▁with ▁invasion , ▁in ▁the