▁General g ouvern ement . ▁Many ▁T arn ów ▁Jews ▁fled ▁to ▁the ▁east , ▁while ▁a ▁large ▁infl ux ▁of ▁refuge es ▁from ▁elsewhere ▁in ▁occupied ▁Poland ▁continued ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁town ' s ▁Jewish ▁population . ▁In ▁early ▁November , ▁the ▁Germ ans ▁ordered ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁a ▁Jewish ▁council ▁( J uden rat ) ▁to ▁transmit ▁orders ▁and ▁reg ulations ▁to ▁the ▁Jewish ▁community . ▁Among ▁the ▁duties ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁council ▁were ▁enfor cement ▁of ▁special ▁tax ation ▁on ▁the ▁community ▁and ▁providing ▁workers ▁for ▁forced ▁labor . ▁ ▁During ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁life ▁for ▁the ▁Jews ▁of ▁T arn ów ▁became ▁increasing ly ▁prec ari ous . ▁The ▁Germ ans ▁im posed ▁a ▁large ▁collect ive ▁fine ▁on ▁the ▁community . ▁Jews ▁were ▁required ▁to ▁hand ▁in ▁their ▁valu ables . ▁Round ups ▁for ▁labor ▁became ▁more ▁frequent ▁and ▁kill ings ▁became ▁more ▁common place ▁and ▁arbitrary . ▁Deport ations ▁from ▁T arn ów ▁began ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁when ▁about ▁ 1 3 , 5 0 0 ▁Jews ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Bel zec ▁ex termin ation ▁camp . ▁The ▁first ▁major ▁act ▁in ▁the ▁ex termin ation ▁of ▁the ▁Jews ▁of ▁T arn ów ▁was ▁the ▁so - called ▁" first ▁operation " ▁from ▁ 1 1 – 1 9 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁The ▁Germ ans ▁gathered ▁thousands ▁of ▁Jews ▁in ▁the ▁Ry nek ▁( market ▁place ), ▁and ▁then ▁they ▁were ▁tort ured ▁and