▁with ▁surg ical ▁procedures , ▁almost ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁include ▁sp inal ▁fusion ▁and ▁hardware ▁instrument ation , ▁i . e ., ▁ro ds , ▁ped icle ▁sc rew s , ▁etc . ▁While ▁many ▁patients ▁are ▁typically ▁interested ▁in ▁getting ▁surg ery ▁for ▁their ▁correction , ▁it ▁is ▁important ▁to ▁realize ▁the ▁surg ery ▁a ims ▁to ▁reduce ▁pain , ▁and ▁not ▁cos met ic ▁defect . ▁As ▁always , ▁surg ical ▁inter vention ▁should ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁last ▁resort ▁once ▁conserv ative ▁treatment ▁fails ▁or ▁the ▁patient ' s ▁health ▁is ▁in ▁im min ent ▁danger ▁as ▁any ▁surg ical ▁procedure ▁is ▁not ▁without ▁risk . ▁However , ▁the ▁ch ances ▁of ▁comp lication ▁are ▁relatively ▁low , ▁and ▁the ▁sur ger ies ▁are ▁often ▁successful . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁primary ▁surg ical ▁techniques ▁to ▁correct ▁k y ph osis : ▁posterior - only ▁fusion ▁and ▁anterior / post er ior ▁fusion . ▁While ▁debate ▁ling ers ▁over ▁which ▁surg ical ▁approach ▁is ▁optimal , ▁several ▁studies ▁published ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁suggest ▁treatment ▁tr ends ▁are ▁favor ing ▁posterior - only ▁fusion . ▁▁ ▁The ▁classic ▁surg ical ▁procedure ▁ent ails ▁entering ▁two ▁tit an ium ▁ro ds , ▁each ▁roughly ▁ ▁long ▁( dep ending ▁on ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁the ▁k y ph osis ) ▁into ▁the ▁back ▁on ▁either ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁sp ine . ▁E ight ▁tit an ium ▁sc rew s ▁and ▁hardware ▁are ▁d ril led ▁through ▁the ▁b one ▁to