▁pure ▁c ash ▁" g ift " ▁from ▁the ▁public ▁coff ers ." ▁ ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁a ▁living ▁w age ▁based ▁on ▁its ▁definition ▁as ▁a ▁family ▁w age ▁has ▁been ▁critic ized ▁by ▁some ▁for ▁emphas izing ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁men ▁as ▁bread w inners . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Dist rib ut ism ▁Family ▁w age ▁ ▁Gu arante ed ▁minimum ▁income ▁ ▁Labor ▁market ▁ ▁Max imum ▁w age ▁ ▁Min imum ▁w age ▁ ▁Pos itive ▁rights ▁ ▁P rec ari ous ▁work ▁ ▁Supp ly ▁and ▁demand ▁ ▁Trade ▁Bo ards ▁Act ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁ ▁Working ▁poor ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ▁Web b ▁and ▁B ▁Web b , ▁Indust rial ▁Dem ocracy ▁( Long mans ▁ 1 9 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Ryan , ▁John ▁A . ▁Living ▁W age ▁Mac mill an , ▁New ▁York ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁▁ ▁G ert ner , ▁Jon , ▁" What ▁is ▁a ▁Living ▁W age ? ", ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁January ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁Mad jd - S adj adi , ▁Zag ros , ▁Living ▁W ages : ▁The ▁Iss ues ▁and ▁the ▁Imp act ▁Division ▁of ▁Labor ▁Statistics ▁and ▁Research , ▁California ▁Department ▁of ▁Indust rial ▁Rel ations , ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁ ▁Sk lar , ▁Hol ly ; ▁My ky ta , ▁L ary ss a ; ▁We f ald , ▁Susan , ▁" R a