▁in ▁certain ▁suffix es ▁( such ▁as ▁- k ijn ▁). ▁▁ ▁> ▁▁ ▁D ental ▁fr ic atives ▁become ▁stops : ▁ ▁> ▁, ▁ ▁> ▁, ▁mer ging ▁with ▁existing ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁( around ▁ 1 2 th ▁century ) ▁ ▁The ▁gem inate ▁ ▁( origin ating ▁from ▁German ic ▁* - þ j -) ▁develop s ▁into ▁: ▁* with tha ▁> ▁w isse , ▁* sm ith tha ▁> ▁sm isse . ▁ ▁All ▁remaining ▁ ▁> ▁, ▁except ▁in ▁the ▁sout heast . ▁ ▁Al ong ▁with ▁the ▁previous ▁change , ▁, ▁ ▁> ▁. ▁ ▁This ▁occurred ▁only ▁in ▁those ▁words ▁where ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁had ▁not ▁developed ▁into ▁ ▁earlier . ▁E . g . ▁b ū an ▁ ▁> ▁b ouwen ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁dis cre p ancy ▁in ▁occurr ences ▁of ▁ ▁resulted ▁in ▁pairs ▁such ▁as ▁modern ▁Dutch ▁du wen ▁ ▁versus ▁dou wen ▁, ▁or ▁nu ▁ ▁versus ▁nou ▁. ▁ ▁L - v ocal isation : ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁> ▁ ▁before ▁dent als . ▁ ▁Before ▁dent als ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁> ▁, ▁ ▁> ▁. ▁E . g . ▁far th ▁ ▁> ▁va ert ▁, ▁er tha ▁ ▁> ▁a erde ▁, ▁w ort ▁ ▁> ▁wo ort ▁. ▁ ▁Open ▁sy ll able ▁length ening : ▁Short ▁v ow els ▁in ▁str essed ▁open ▁sy ll ables ▁become ▁long . ▁ ▁In ▁descri ptions ▁of ▁Middle ▁Dutch ▁ph on ology , ▁Old ▁Dutch ▁( original