th ▁century , ▁which ▁had ▁believed ▁that ▁people ▁and ▁soci eties ▁are ▁controlled ▁by ▁the ▁environment ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁develop . ▁R ather ▁than ▁studying ▁pre - det erm ined ▁regions ▁based ▁upon ▁environmental ▁class ifications , ▁cultural ▁ge ography ▁became ▁interested ▁in ▁cultural ▁land sc apes . ▁This ▁was ▁led ▁by ▁the ▁" father ▁of ▁cultural ▁ge ography " ▁Carl ▁O . ▁S auer ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁Ber keley . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁cultural ▁ge ography ▁was ▁long ▁domin ated ▁by ▁American ▁writers . ▁ ▁Ge ograph ers ▁drawing ▁on ▁this ▁tradition ▁see ▁cult ures ▁and ▁soci eties ▁as ▁developing ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁local ▁land sc apes ▁but ▁also ▁sh aping ▁those ▁land sc apes . ▁This ▁interaction ▁between ▁the ▁natural ▁landscape ▁and ▁humans ▁creates ▁the ▁cultural ▁landscape . ▁This ▁understanding ▁is ▁a ▁foundation ▁of ▁cultural ▁ge ography ▁but ▁has ▁been ▁augment ed ▁over ▁the ▁past ▁forty ▁years ▁with ▁more ▁nu anced ▁and ▁complex ▁concepts ▁of ▁culture , ▁drawn ▁from ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁discipl ines ▁including ▁anth rop ology , ▁soci ology , ▁literary ▁theory , ▁and ▁femin ism . ▁No ▁single ▁definition ▁of ▁culture ▁domin ates ▁within ▁cultural ▁ge ography . ▁Reg ard less ▁of ▁their ▁particular ▁interpretation ▁of ▁culture , ▁however , ▁ge ograph ers ▁whole heart edly ▁reject ▁theories ▁that ▁treat ▁culture ▁as ▁if ▁it ▁took ▁place ▁" on ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁a ▁pin ". ▁ ▁Over view ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁topics ▁within ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁study ▁are ▁global ization ▁has ▁been ▁the or