ar istic ▁approach ▁of ▁the ▁St ak han ov ite ▁movement ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁of ▁setting ▁individual ▁records ▁was ▁intr ins ically ▁opposed ▁to ▁Taylor ' s ▁system atic ▁approach ▁and ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁counter - product ive . ▁The ▁stop - and - go ▁of ▁the ▁production ▁process ▁– ▁workers ▁having ▁nothing ▁to ▁do ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁a ▁month ▁and ▁' st orm ing ' ▁during ▁illegal ▁extra ▁sh ifts ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁month ▁– ▁which ▁pre va iled ▁even ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁had ▁nothing ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁the ▁successfully ▁t aylor ized ▁plants ▁e . g ., ▁of ▁Toy ota ▁which ▁are ▁character ized ▁by ▁continuous ▁production ▁processes ▁( he ij un ka ) ▁which ▁are ▁continu ously ▁improved ▁( ka izen ). ▁ ▁" The ▁easy ▁avail ability ▁of ▁replacement ▁labor , ▁which ▁allowed ▁Taylor ▁to ▁choose ▁only ▁' first - class ▁men ,' ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁condition ▁for ▁his ▁system ' s ▁success ." ▁ ▁The ▁situation ▁in ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁was ▁very ▁different . ▁ ▁" B ecause ▁work ▁is ▁so ▁un rh yth mic , ▁the ▁rational ▁manager ▁will ▁h ire ▁more ▁workers ▁than ▁he ▁would ▁need ▁if ▁supplies ▁were ▁even ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁have ▁enough ▁for ▁storm ing . ▁Because ▁of ▁the ▁continu ing ▁labor ▁short age , ▁man agers ▁are ▁happy ▁to ▁pay ▁needed ▁workers ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁norm , ▁either ▁by ▁issu ing ▁false ▁job ▁orders , ▁assigning ▁them ▁to ▁higher