▁( part icular ly ▁in ▁clin ical ▁micro bi ology ), ▁and ▁some ▁as ▁phys icians ▁( typ ically ▁inf ect ious ▁disease ▁special ists ). ▁Special ized ▁training ▁in ▁in fection ▁control ▁and ▁health ▁care ▁ep ide mi ology ▁are ▁offered ▁by ▁the ▁professional ▁organizations ▁described ▁below . ▁Phys icians ▁who ▁desire ▁to ▁become ▁in fection ▁control ▁pract ition ers ▁often ▁are ▁trained ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁an ▁inf ect ious ▁disease ▁fellow ship . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Cert ification ▁Board ▁of ▁In fection ▁Control ▁and ▁Ep ide mi ology ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁company ▁that ▁cert ifies ▁in fection ▁control ▁pract ition ers ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁educational ▁background ▁and ▁professional ▁experience , ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁testing ▁their ▁knowledge ▁base ▁with ▁standard ized ▁ex ams . ▁The ▁cred ential ▁awarded ▁is ▁C IC , ▁Cert ification ▁in ▁In fection ▁Control ▁and ▁Ep ide mi ology . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁recommended ▁that ▁one ▁has ▁ 2 ▁years ▁of ▁In fection ▁Control ▁experience ▁before ▁applying ▁for ▁the ▁exam . ▁ ▁Cert ification ▁must ▁be ▁renew ed ▁every ▁five ▁years . ▁ ▁A ▁course ▁in ▁hospital ▁ep ide mi ology ▁( in fection ▁control ▁in ▁the ▁hospital ▁setting ) ▁is ▁offered ▁joint ly ▁each ▁year ▁by ▁the ▁Cent ers ▁for ▁D ise ase ▁Control ▁and ▁Pre vention ▁( CD C ) ▁and ▁the ▁Society ▁for ▁Health care ▁Ep ide mi ology ▁of ▁America . ▁ ▁Standard ization ▁ ▁Australia ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁the ▁Royal ▁Australian ▁College ▁of