▁holds ▁that ▁the ▁sympt oms ▁of ▁d ys pe ps ia ▁may ▁be ▁due ▁to ▁de pression , ▁increased ▁anx iety , ▁or ▁a ▁som at ization ▁dis order . ▁Ep ide mi ological ▁studies ▁suggest ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁association ▁between ▁functional ▁d ys pe ps ia ▁and ▁psych ological ▁dis orders . ▁Sym pt oms ▁of ▁neu ros is , ▁anx iety , ▁hy po ch ond rias is , ▁and ▁de pression ▁are ▁more ▁common ▁in ▁patients ▁being ▁evaluated ▁for ▁un exp la ined ▁g astro int est inal ▁compla ints ▁than ▁in ▁health y ▁controls . ▁Compar isons ▁of ▁functional ▁and ▁organ ic ▁d ys pe ps ia ▁have ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁patients ▁with ▁functional ▁d ys pe ps ia ▁are ▁less ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁decre ased ▁stress ▁or ▁anx iety ▁at ▁ 1 - year ▁follow - up ▁after ▁being ▁re ass ured ▁of ▁having ▁no ▁serious ▁disease . ▁This ▁suggests ▁that ▁functional ▁d ys pe ps ia ▁sympt oms ▁are ▁long - last ing , ▁compared ▁with ▁those ▁of ▁organ ic ▁d ys pe ps ia , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁emot ional ▁t ies ▁are ▁strong . ▁ ▁Di agn osis ▁People ▁under ▁ 5 5 ▁years ▁without ▁alarm ▁sympt oms ▁can ▁be ▁treated ▁without ▁investigation . ▁ ▁People ▁over ▁ 5 5 ▁years ▁with ▁recent ▁on set ▁d ys pe ps ia ▁or ▁those ▁with ▁alarm ▁sympt oms ▁should ▁be ▁ur g ently ▁investig ated ▁by ▁upper ▁g astro int est inal ▁end os copy . ▁This ▁will