▁zone ▁of ▁neighborhood s ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" black ▁bel t " ▁or ▁" black ▁gh etto ." ▁ ▁African ▁Americans ▁saw ▁Chicago , ▁and ▁other ▁cities ▁of ▁the ▁north , ▁as ▁a ▁chance ▁for ▁freedom ▁from ▁leg ally ▁san ction ed ▁ra cial ▁disc rim ination . ▁M igr ants ▁mainly ▁found ▁work ▁in ▁meat pack ing ▁plants , ▁steel ▁mill s , ▁gar ment ▁sh ops , ▁and ▁private ▁homes . ▁The ▁Great ▁M igration ▁established ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁Chicago ' s ▁African ▁American ▁industrial ▁working ▁class . ▁When ▁the ▁stock ▁market ▁crash ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁and ▁the ▁Great ▁De pression ▁resulted , ▁thousands ▁of ▁people ▁lost ▁their ▁jobs . ▁ ▁African ▁Americans ▁were ▁hit ▁particularly ▁hard . ▁This ▁cat ast rop he ▁allowed ▁for ▁an ▁emer gence ▁of ▁new ▁ideas ▁and ▁institutions ▁among ▁the ▁black ▁community . ▁With ▁a ▁rev ital ized ▁community ▁spirit ▁and ▁sense ▁of ▁ra cial ▁pride , ▁a ▁new ▁black ▁conscious ness ▁developed ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁shift ▁toward ▁social ▁activ ism . ▁African ▁Americans ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁co ined ▁the ▁word ▁Bron ze ville , ▁a ▁word ▁that ▁described ▁the ▁skin ▁tone ▁of ▁most ▁its ▁inhabitants , ▁to ▁identify ▁their ▁community . ▁ ▁Music ▁Jazz , ▁bl ues , ▁and ▁g ospel ▁grew ▁and ▁fl our ished ▁during ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Black ▁Renaissance . ▁ ▁Jazz , ▁which ▁developed ▁as ▁a ▁mix ▁of ▁European ▁and ▁African ▁musical ▁styles , ▁began ▁in ▁the ▁sout he astern ▁United ▁States , ▁but ▁is ▁said