▁used ▁a ▁“ car ousel ” ▁stri pping ▁machine , ▁but ▁a ▁linear ▁installation ▁was ▁subsequently ▁developed ▁to ▁provide ▁machines ▁with ▁lower ▁to ▁medium ▁stri pping ▁capac ities ▁for ▁elect row in ning ▁plants ▁and ▁smaller ▁ref iner ies . ▁The ▁linear ▁stri pping ▁machines , ▁first ▁installed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁were ▁more ▁compact , ▁less ▁complex ▁and ▁had ▁lower ▁installation ▁costs ▁than ▁the ▁car ousel ▁machines . ▁ ▁New ▁adv ances ▁ ▁W ax less ▁c ath ode ▁pl ates ▁ ▁As ▁out lined ▁above , ▁the ▁K idd ▁Process ▁did ▁not ▁use ▁w ax ▁on ▁its ▁permanent ▁c ath odes . ▁This ▁highlight ed ▁dis adv antages ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁w ax ▁by ▁the ▁Isa ▁Process . ▁C ath ode ▁co pper ▁consum ers ▁applied ▁pressure ▁to ▁produ cers ▁to ▁remove ▁resid ual ▁w ax ▁from ▁the ▁c ath ode ▁co pper , ▁and ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁w ax ▁also ▁created ▁“ house keep ing ” ▁problems ▁for ▁Isa ▁Process ▁operators . ▁ ▁Con sequently , ▁M IM ▁comm enced ▁a ▁development ▁program ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁aim ed ▁at ▁elimin ating ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁w ax . ▁This ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁process ▁called ▁the ▁Isa ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁technology , ▁which ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁produce ▁single - sheet ▁c ath ode ▁( as ▁opposed ▁to ▁the ▁K idd ▁t aco ▁shell ▁c ath ode ) ▁without ▁using ▁w ax . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁achieved ▁by ▁mach ining ▁a ▁