▁by ▁the ▁languages ▁and ▁dialect s ▁they ▁speak , ▁but ▁generally ▁sharing ▁overall ▁similar ities ▁in ▁the ▁rit ual ▁life ▁and ▁h unter - g ather ing ▁economic ▁and ▁cultural ▁l ifest yles ▁in ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁eastern ▁Arn hem ▁land . ▁Early ▁eth n ograph ers ▁studying ▁the ▁Y ol ng u ▁applied ▁the ▁nin ete enth - century ▁concepts ▁of ▁tribe , ▁hor de ▁and ▁phr at ry ▁to ▁class ify ▁and ▁sort ▁into ▁separate ▁ident ities ▁the ▁units ▁forming ▁the ▁Y ol ng u ▁eth noc ult ural ▁m osa ic . ▁After ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁Ian ▁Ke en ▁in ▁particular , ▁such ▁tax onom ic ▁termin ology ▁is ▁increasing ly ▁seen ▁as ▁problem at ical , ▁and ▁in ade qu ate ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁euro cent ric ▁assumptions . ▁Special ists ▁are ▁und ec ided , ▁for ▁example , ▁whether ▁the ▁languages ▁spoken ▁by ▁the ▁Y ol ng u ▁amount ▁to ▁five ▁or ▁eight , ▁and ▁one ▁survey ▁arrived ▁at ▁eleven ▁distinct ▁" dia lect " ▁groups . ▁ ▁Language ▁ ▁Y ol ŋ u ▁speak ▁a ▁dozen ▁languages ▁class ified ▁under ▁the ▁general ▁heading ▁of ▁Y ol ng u ▁Math a . ▁English ▁can ▁be ▁anywhere ▁from ▁a ▁third ▁to ▁a ▁t enth ▁language ▁for ▁Y ol ŋ u . ▁ ▁Kin ship ▁system ▁ ▁Y ol ŋ u ▁groups ▁are ▁connected ▁by ▁a ▁complex ▁kin ship ▁system ▁( g ur ru ṯ u ). ▁This ▁system ▁gover ns ▁fundamental ▁aspects ▁of ▁Y ol ŋ u ▁life ,