▁E aux ▁du ▁S én ég al ▁( SON E ES ). ▁At ▁least ▁in ▁rural ▁areas ▁water ▁is ▁provided ▁for ▁free . ▁▁ 1 9 8 3 : ▁Under ▁President ▁Abd ou ▁Di ou f ▁( 1 9 8 1 - 2 0 0 0 ), ▁S ONE ES ▁signs ▁a ▁con cess ion ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁government . ▁In ▁rural ▁areas , ▁water ▁tar iffs ▁are ▁being ▁introduced ▁using ▁flat ▁fe es ▁per ▁household ▁in ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁meter ing . ▁▁ 1 9 9 4 : ▁The ▁government ▁emb arks ▁on ▁a ▁year - long ▁process ▁to ▁design ▁sector ▁re forms , ▁including ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁work sh ops ▁and ▁advice ▁from ▁the ▁World ▁Bank ▁and ▁an ▁assess ment ▁of ▁re forms ▁in ▁other ▁countries . ▁ ▁Second ▁public - private ▁partners hip ▁( since ▁mid - 1 9 9 0 s ) ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 5 : ▁The ▁government ▁dec ides ▁to ▁delegate ▁urban ▁water ▁service ▁provision ▁to ▁the ▁private ▁sector ▁under ▁a ▁le ase ▁contract ▁in ▁its ▁first ▁letter ▁of ▁development ▁policy . ▁▁ 1 9 9 6 : ▁S ONE ES ▁is ▁dissol ved ▁and ▁three ▁new ▁companies ▁are ▁created : ▁Société ▁N ationale ▁des ▁E aux ▁du ▁S én ég al ▁( SON ES ), ▁the ▁state ▁asset ▁holding ▁company , ▁S én ég ala ise ▁des ▁E aux ▁( S DE ), ▁the ▁private ▁operating ▁company , ▁and ▁the ▁Office ▁National ▁de ▁l ’ Ass ain issement ▁du ▁S én ég al ▁( ON