▁that ▁the ▁central ▁theory ▁of ▁his ▁New ▁Tre at ise ▁was ▁to ▁show ▁that ▁original ▁reality , ▁( what ▁he ▁also ▁refers ▁to ▁as ▁ti ▁ <0xE9> <0xAB> <0x94> ▁and ▁subst ance ), ▁and ▁the ▁material ▁world , ▁( which ▁he ▁calls ▁y ong ▁ 用 , ▁or ▁function . ▁C f . ▁Ti ▁y ong ) ▁are ▁one . ▁The ▁two ▁cannot ▁be ▁split ▁into ▁separate ▁real ms . ▁He ▁adm its ▁that ▁they ▁should ▁be ▁described ▁using ▁different ▁terms , ▁and ▁can ▁be ▁spoken ▁of ▁as ▁such , ▁but ▁are ▁not ▁actually ▁two ▁separate ▁ent it ites . ▁Original ▁reality ▁is ▁the ▁cause ▁of ▁all ▁transformations , ▁while ▁function ▁is ▁the ▁my ri ad ▁of ▁manifest ations ▁of ▁original ▁reality . ▁Original ▁reality ▁is ▁hidden , ▁function ▁is ▁visible . ▁He ▁uses ▁the ▁met ap hor ▁of ▁the ▁ocean ▁and ▁the ▁waves ▁to ▁illustrate ▁this ▁point . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁different ▁from ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁subst ance ▁in ▁main stream ▁western ▁philosophy , ▁which ▁does ▁not ▁allow ▁subst ance ▁to ▁em brace ▁dynam ism . ▁Pl ato ’ s ▁Form s , ▁for ▁example , ▁are ▁static ▁and ▁norm ative . ▁X ion g ' s ▁subst ance ▁changes ▁and ▁transform s ▁un ce asing ly ▁to ▁become ▁function . ▁ ▁" This ▁meaning ▁is ▁subt le ▁and ▁prof ound . ▁It ▁is ▁best ▁illustrated ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁relationship ▁between ▁the ▁ocean ▁and ▁all ▁the ▁waves . ▁ 1 . ▁The ▁ocean ▁is ▁analog ous ▁to ▁original ▁reality ; ▁