▁by ▁Z in ovie v ▁and ▁R ade k , ▁strongly ▁cont ested ▁them . ▁Their ▁att itudes ▁became ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Z immer wald ▁Left . ▁Len in ▁rejected ▁both ▁the ▁defence ▁of ▁Russia ▁and ▁the ▁cry ▁for ▁peace . ▁Since ▁the ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁he ▁had ▁ins isted ▁that ▁" from ▁the ▁stand point ▁of ▁the ▁working ▁class ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁labour ing ▁masses ▁the ▁less er ▁evil ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁Ts ar ist ▁Mon archy "; ▁the ▁war ▁must ▁be ▁turned ▁into ▁a ▁civil ▁war ▁of ▁the ▁pro let arian ▁soldiers ▁against ▁their ▁own ▁govern ments , ▁and ▁if ▁a ▁pro let arian ▁victory ▁should ▁emer ge ▁from ▁this ▁in ▁Russia , ▁then ▁their ▁duty ▁would ▁be ▁to ▁w age ▁a ▁revolution ary ▁war ▁for ▁the ▁liber ation ▁of ▁the ▁masses ▁throughout ▁Europe . ▁ ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁social ▁changes ▁ ▁An ▁elementary ▁theory ▁of ▁property , ▁believed ▁by ▁many ▁pe as ants , ▁was ▁that ▁land ▁should ▁belong ▁to ▁those ▁who ▁work ▁on ▁it . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁pe asant ▁life ▁and ▁culture ▁was ▁changing ▁constantly . ▁Change ▁was ▁facil itated ▁by ▁the ▁physical ▁movement ▁of ▁growing ▁numbers ▁of ▁pe asant ▁vill agers ▁who ▁migr ated ▁to ▁and ▁from ▁industrial ▁and ▁urban ▁environments , ▁but ▁also ▁by ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁city ▁culture ▁into ▁the ▁village ▁through ▁material ▁goods , ▁the ▁press , ▁and ▁word ▁of ▁mouth . ▁ ▁Work ers ▁also ▁had ▁good ▁reasons ▁for ▁dis content :