▁nerv ous , ▁which ▁might ▁indicate ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁hiding ▁something , ▁lying , ▁or ▁wor ried ▁about ▁something . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁paper ▁in ▁Eth ics ▁and ▁Information ▁Technology , ▁A vi ▁Mar ci ano ▁maps ▁the ▁har ms ▁caused ▁by ▁bi ometric ▁surve ill ance , ▁traces ▁their ▁theoretical ▁orig ins , ▁and ▁brings ▁these ▁har ms ▁together ▁in ▁one ▁integr ative ▁framework ▁to ▁el uc id ate ▁their ▁cum ulative ▁power . ▁Mar ci ano ▁propos es ▁four ▁types ▁of ▁har ms : ▁Un author ized ▁use ▁of ▁bod ily ▁information , ▁den ial ▁or ▁limitation ▁of ▁access ▁to ▁physical ▁spaces , ▁bod ily ▁social ▁sorting , ▁and ▁symbol ic ▁in el ig ibility ▁through ▁construction ▁of ▁marg inal ity ▁and ▁other ness . ▁Bi omet rics ' ▁social ▁power , ▁according ▁to ▁Mar ci ano , ▁der ives ▁from ▁three ▁main ▁features : ▁their ▁complexity ▁as ▁" enig m atic ▁techn ologies ", ▁their ▁objective - s cient ific ▁image , ▁and ▁their ▁increasing ▁ag ency , ▁particularly ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁automatic ▁decision - making . ▁ ▁Aer ial ▁ ▁Aer ial ▁surve ill ance ▁is ▁the ▁gather ing ▁of ▁surve ill ance , ▁usually ▁visual ▁imag ery ▁or ▁video , ▁from ▁an ▁air bor ne ▁vehicle — such ▁as ▁an ▁un mann ed ▁aer ial ▁vehicle , ▁hel ic opter , ▁or ▁sp y ▁plane . ▁Military ▁surve ill ance ▁aircraft ▁use ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁sens ors ▁( e . g . ▁rad ar ) ▁to ▁monitor