▁famous ▁ 1 1 th - century ▁scient ist ▁and ▁poly math ▁states man ▁Sh en ▁Ku o ▁( 1 0 3 1 – 1 0 9 5 ) ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁ge ograph er ▁and ▁cart ograph er . ▁His ▁largest ▁at las ▁included ▁twenty ▁three ▁maps ▁of ▁China ▁and ▁foreign ▁regions ▁that ▁were ▁drawn ▁at ▁a ▁uniform ▁scale ▁of ▁ 1 : 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁Sh en ▁also ▁created ▁a ▁three - dimensional ▁raised - rel ief ▁map ▁using ▁saw d ust , ▁wood , ▁be es w ax , ▁and ▁whe at ▁paste , ▁while ▁representing ▁the ▁top ography ▁and ▁specific ▁locations ▁of ▁a ▁front ier ▁region ▁to ▁the ▁imperial ▁court . ▁Sh en ▁Ku o ' s ▁contemporary , ▁Su ▁Song ▁( 1 0 2 0 – 1 1 0 1 ), ▁was ▁a ▁cart ograph er ▁who ▁created ▁detailed ▁maps ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁resolve ▁a ▁territorial ▁border ▁dispute ▁between ▁the ▁Song ▁D ynast y ▁and ▁the ▁L iao ▁D ynast y . ▁ ▁Y uan ▁In ▁the ▁Mong ol ▁Empire , ▁the ▁Mong ol ▁sch ol ars ▁with ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁and ▁Chinese ▁cart ograph ers ▁or ▁their ▁foreign ▁colle agues ▁created ▁maps , ▁ge ographical ▁comp end ium ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁travel ▁accounts . ▁R ash id - al - D in ▁Ham ad ani ▁described ▁his ▁ge ographical ▁comp end ium , ▁" Su var ▁al - a q al im ", ▁constit uted ▁volume ▁four ▁of ▁the ▁Collect ed ▁chron