▁US ▁Center ▁for ▁V eter inary ▁Medicine ▁( C VM ), ▁a ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Food ▁and ▁D rug ▁Administration ▁( F DA ), ▁con cur red ▁in ▁regul atory ▁action ▁against ▁a ▁manufact urer ▁of ▁a ▁b ark ▁col lar , ▁stating ▁" Comp la ints ▁received , ▁which ▁were ▁later ▁cor ro bor ated ▁by ▁our ▁own ▁testing , ▁included ▁severe ▁burn s ▁in ▁the ▁col lar ▁area ▁and ▁possible ▁person ality ▁adjust ment ▁inj uries ▁to ▁the ▁dogs . ▁The ▁shock ing ▁mechanism ▁was ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁activ ated ▁not ▁only ▁by ▁b ark ing ▁but ▁by ▁vehicle ▁horn s , ▁sl am ming ▁doors ▁or ▁any ▁other ▁loud ▁noise . ▁C VM ▁con cur red ▁in ▁regul atory ▁action ▁against ▁the ▁device ▁since ▁it ▁was ▁de emed ▁to ▁be ▁dangerous ▁to ▁the ▁health ▁of ▁the ▁animal ." ▁The ▁standing ▁policy ▁of ▁the ▁US ▁F DA ▁is ▁that ▁" D og ▁coll ars ▁which ▁are ▁activ ated ▁by ▁the ▁noise ▁of ▁b ark ing ▁to ▁produce ▁an ▁electric ▁shock ▁are ▁considered ▁as ▁ha z ard ous ▁to ▁the ▁health ▁of ▁the ▁animal ." ▁ ▁No ▁reg ulations ▁exist ▁specifying ▁the ▁performance ▁characteristics ▁or ▁reli ability ▁of ▁these ▁devices , ▁so ▁there ▁is ▁considerable ▁variation ▁in ▁shock ▁level ▁and ▁wave form ▁characteristics ▁between ▁manufact ur ers , ▁and ▁perhaps ▁even ▁between ▁batch es ▁of ▁coll ars ▁from ▁a ▁single ▁manufact urer . ▁The ▁lack ▁of ▁reg ulation ▁or ▁standards , ▁and ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁some ▁of ▁the