yer ▁has ▁defined ▁studio ▁j ew el ry ▁as ▁an ▁off sh oot ▁of ▁the ▁studio ▁craft ▁movement , ▁adding ▁that ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁refer ▁to ▁particular ▁art istic ▁styles ▁but ▁rather ▁to ▁the ▁circumstances ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁object ▁is ▁produced . ▁According ▁to ▁her ▁definition , ▁" Studio ▁j ew el ers ▁are ▁independent ▁artists ▁who ▁handle ▁their ▁chosen ▁materials ▁directly ▁to ▁make ▁one - of - a - kind ▁or ▁limited ▁production ▁j ew el ry ..... ▁The ▁studio ▁j ew eler ▁is ▁both ▁the ▁designer ▁and ▁fabric ator ▁of ▁each ▁piece ▁( although ▁assist ants ▁or ▁app rent ices ▁may ▁help ▁with ▁technical ▁tasks ), ▁and ▁the ▁work ▁is ▁created ▁in ▁a ▁small , ▁private ▁studio , ▁not ▁a ▁factory ." ▁Art ▁historian ▁Mon ica ▁Gas par ▁has ▁expl ored ▁the ▁temporal ▁meaning ▁of ▁the ▁different ▁names ▁given ▁to ▁art ▁j ew el ry ▁over ▁the ▁past ▁ 4 0 ▁years . ▁She ▁suggests ▁that ▁" avant - gar de " ▁j ew el ry ▁positions ▁itself ▁as ▁rad ically ▁ahead ▁of ▁main stream ▁ideas ; ▁" mod ern " ▁or ▁" mod ern ist " ▁j ew el ry ▁claims ▁to ▁reflect ▁the ▁spirit ▁of ▁the ▁times ▁in ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁made ; ▁" studio " ▁j ew el ry ▁emphas izes ▁the ▁artist ▁studio ▁over ▁the ▁craft ▁work shop ; ▁" new " ▁j ew el ry ▁assumes ▁an ▁ir onic ▁st ance ▁towards ▁the ▁past ; ▁and ▁" cont empor ary " ▁j ew el ry ▁claims