▁cell ▁research , ▁and ▁had ▁limited ▁the ▁federal ▁fund ing ▁of ▁existing ▁research . ▁Federal ▁fund ing ▁for ▁emb ry onic ▁stem ▁cell ▁research ▁was ▁first ▁approved ▁under ▁President ▁Cl inton ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁but ▁no ▁money ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁spent ▁until ▁the ▁gu idel ines ▁were ▁published . ▁The ▁gu idel ines ▁were ▁released ▁under ▁Cl inton ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁They ▁allowed ▁use ▁of ▁un used ▁fro zen ▁emb ry os . ▁On ▁August ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁before ▁any ▁fund ing ▁was ▁granted ▁under ▁these ▁gu idel ines , ▁Bush ▁announced ▁modifications ▁to ▁the ▁gu idel ines ▁to ▁allow ▁use ▁of ▁only ▁existing ▁stem ▁cell ▁lines . ▁While ▁Bush ▁claimed ▁that ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 0 ▁emb ry onic ▁stem ▁cell ▁lines ▁already ▁existed ▁from ▁priv ately ▁fund ed ▁research , ▁scient ists ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁said ▁there ▁were ▁only ▁ 1 1 ▁us able ▁lines , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁that ▁all ▁lines ▁approved ▁for ▁Federal ▁fund ing ▁are ▁cont amin ated ▁and ▁unus able . ▁Ad ult ▁stem ▁cell ▁fund ing ▁was ▁not ▁restricted ▁and ▁was ▁supported ▁by ▁President ▁Bush ▁as ▁a ▁more ▁vi able ▁means ▁of ▁research . ▁ ▁Space ▁expl oration ▁▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Bush ▁announced ▁a ▁V ision ▁for ▁Space ▁Ex pl oration , ▁calling ▁for ▁the