, ▁France . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁San ▁Mar cos ▁and ▁served ▁on ▁its ▁fac ulty . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Civil ista ▁Party . ▁He ▁was ▁minister ▁of ▁economy ▁and ▁fin ance ▁( August ▁ 2 2 ▁– ▁September ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 1 4 ) ▁and ▁foreign ▁minister ▁( J une ▁ 1 7 ▁– ▁December ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁July ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁– ▁December ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 ) ▁in ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁Peru . ▁He ▁was ▁ 6 8 th ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁Peru ▁( J uly ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁– ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 ) ▁under ▁President ▁José ▁P ardo ▁y ▁Bar red a . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁amb assador ▁of ▁Peru ▁to ▁Spain ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( 1 9 1 8 – 1 9 1 9 ). ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Deput ies ▁( 1 9 1 5 – 1 9 1 6 ). ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁mayor ▁of ▁Lima . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Works ▁▁ ▁« La ▁nacional idad ▁en ▁el ▁Perú » ▁( in ser ta ▁en ▁An ales ▁de ▁la ▁Universidad ▁, ▁tom o ▁XX V II , ▁pp . ▁ 1 9 3 - 2 1 2 ; ▁Lima , ▁ 1 9 0 0 ). ▁T esis ▁con ▁la ▁que