▁are ▁multiple ▁types ▁of ▁households ▁among ▁a ▁state . ▁Pot ential ▁solutions ▁to ▁the ▁complexity ▁of ▁a ▁living ▁w age ▁ordin ance ▁include ▁a ▁“ specific ▁employ er ▁provision ,” ▁which ▁see ks ▁to ▁evaluate ▁the ▁pros ▁and ▁cons ▁to ▁a ▁living ▁w age ▁on ▁a ▁company ▁to ▁company ▁basis . ▁An ▁argument ▁In ▁favor ▁of ▁this ▁approach ▁as ser ts ▁that ▁it ▁can ▁help ▁bol ster ▁employee ▁mor ale ▁and ▁increase ▁social ▁capital . ▁ ▁Crit ics ▁have ▁war ned ▁of ▁not ▁just ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁un emp loyment ▁but ▁also ▁price ▁increases ▁and ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁entry ▁level ▁jobs ▁due ▁to ▁‘ l abor ▁substitution s ▁effects ’ . ▁ ▁The ▁volunt ary ▁undert aking ▁of ▁a ▁living ▁w age ▁is ▁critic ized ▁as ▁impossible ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁compet itive ▁advantage ▁other ▁business es ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁market ▁would ▁have ▁over ▁the ▁one ▁adopt ing ▁a ▁living ▁w age . ▁ ▁The ▁economic ▁argument ▁would ▁be ▁that , ▁c eter is ▁par ibus ▁( all ▁other ▁things ▁being ▁equal ), ▁a ▁company ▁that ▁paid ▁its ▁workers ▁more ▁than ▁required ▁by ▁the ▁market ▁would ▁be ▁unable ▁to ▁comp ete ▁with ▁those ▁that ▁pay ▁according ▁to ▁market ▁rates . ▁ ▁See ▁compet itive ▁advantage ▁for ▁more ▁information . ▁ ▁Another ▁issue ▁that ▁has ▁emer ged ▁is ▁that ▁living ▁w ages ▁may ▁be ▁a ▁less ▁effective ▁anti - p over ty ▁tool ▁than ▁other ▁measures . ▁ ▁Auth ors ▁point ▁to ▁living ▁w ages ▁as ▁being ▁only ▁a ▁limited ▁way ▁of ▁address ing ▁the