7 th ▁centuries ▁success ive ▁Som ali ▁S ult ans ▁def ied ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁economic ▁mon opol y ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁Ocean ▁by ▁employ ing ▁a ▁new ▁coin age ▁which ▁followed ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁pattern , ▁thus ▁proc laim ing ▁an ▁attitude ▁of ▁economic ▁independence ▁in ▁regard ▁to ▁the ▁Portuguese . ▁ ▁Independ ence ▁strugg les ▁Starting ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁anti - colon ial ▁movements ▁ag itated ▁for ▁independence ▁from ▁the ▁colonial ▁powers . ▁This ▁ag itation , ▁couple d ▁with ▁an ▁international ▁system ▁that ▁was ▁increasing ly ▁host ile ▁to ▁colonial ism , ▁led ▁killed ▁to ▁a ▁process ▁of ▁de colon ization ▁that ▁was ▁often ▁violent . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁successful ▁anti - colon ial ▁armed ▁struggle ▁in ▁Africa ▁was ▁the ▁Tun is ian ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁( 1 9 5 2 – 1 9 5 6 ), ▁but ▁the ▁most ▁famous ▁may ▁be ▁the ▁Al ger ian ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁( 1 9 5 4 – 1 9 6 2 ), ▁both ▁against ▁France . ▁ ▁Other ▁example ▁of ▁successful ▁armed ▁resistance ▁is ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Col onial ▁War ▁( 1 9 6 1 – 1 9 7 4 ), ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁independence ▁of ▁Ang ola , ▁Guinea - B iss au ▁and ▁Moz amb ique . ▁ ▁The ▁Rh odes ian ▁Bush ▁War ▁( 1 9 6 6 – 1 9 7 9 ) ▁was ▁not ▁against ▁a ▁colonial ▁met ro pole , ▁but ▁the ▁minor ity ▁white ▁government ▁of ▁Ian