0 ▁billion ▁dollars ," ▁he ▁added , ▁" and ▁this ▁it ▁now ▁coming ▁to ▁take ▁its ▁reven ge ." ▁A ▁C IP CE ▁( Center ▁for ▁the ▁Investig ation ▁and ▁Pre vention ▁of ▁Econom ic ▁Cr imes ) ▁study ▁concluded ▁that ▁public ▁sector ▁cor ruption ▁alone ▁cost ▁the ▁national ▁tre as ury ▁around ▁US $ 1 0 ▁billion ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁A ▁major ▁Argent ine ▁newspaper , ▁La ▁N ación , ▁editor ial ized ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁that ▁although ▁cor ruption ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁major ▁problem ▁in ▁Argentina ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 0 s , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁" on ▁the ▁increase " ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁ ▁Wik i Le aks ▁c ables ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁revealed ▁that ▁diplom ats ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁several ▁other ▁Western ▁countries ▁had ▁expressed ▁deep ▁concern ▁about ▁the ▁current ▁levels ▁of ▁cor ruption ▁in ▁Argentina . ▁" Under ▁President ▁Crist ina ▁Fernández ▁de ▁Kirch ner ," ▁reported ▁the ▁Heritage ▁Foundation ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁" res pect ▁for ▁mark ets ▁and ▁the ▁rule ▁of ▁law ▁has ▁d eter ior ated ▁and ▁cor ruption ▁has ▁bo omed ." ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Trans par ency ▁International , ▁Argentina ▁has ▁sufficient ▁legisl ation ▁and ▁institutions ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁pro sec ution ▁of ▁cor ruption ▁in ▁the ▁public ▁sector , ▁but ▁enfor cement ▁is ▁highly ▁in ade qu ate ,