▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁the ▁K asser ine ▁Pass , ▁the ▁Germ ans ▁first ▁faced ▁the ▁military ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁When ▁modern ▁Islam ic ▁countries ▁gained ▁their ▁independence ▁in ▁North ▁Africa , ▁often ▁following ▁serious ▁war fare ▁( such ▁as ▁during ▁the ▁Al ger ian ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁against ▁the ▁French ), ▁the ▁Arab – Is ra eli ▁conflict ▁became ▁the ▁main ▁focus ▁of ▁significant ▁batt les . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁Y om ▁K ipp ur ▁War , ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁army ▁broke ▁through ▁the ▁Bar ▁Lev ▁Line , ▁inv ading ▁the ▁Isra eli - h eld ▁S ina i ▁Pen ins ula , ▁resulting ▁in ▁UN ▁ce ase - fire ▁after ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council ▁Resol ution ▁ 3 3 8 , ▁ 3 3 9 ▁and ▁ 3 4 0 , ▁which ▁finally ▁led ▁to ▁strateg ic ▁and ▁political ▁g ains ▁for ▁Egypt ▁and ▁Israel . ▁ ▁Military ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Horn ▁Africa ▁ ▁The ▁Horn ▁of ▁Africa ▁faces ▁the ▁Red ▁Sea , ▁the ▁Arab ian ▁Sea ▁and ▁the ▁Indian ▁Ocean . ▁As ▁such , ▁it ▁has ▁long ▁had ▁interactions ▁with ▁areas ▁in ▁Western ▁Asia , ▁particularly ▁in ▁the ▁Arab ian ▁Pen ins ula , ▁the ▁Near ▁East , ▁and ▁even ▁as ▁far ▁east ▁as ▁the ▁Indian ▁sub cont inent . ▁Its ▁coast al ▁plain ▁is ▁hem med ▁in ▁by ▁mountain ▁ranges ▁which ▁make ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁large ▁arm ies ▁difficult ▁and ▁cum bers ome ▁and ▁favor ▁local ▁forces ▁that ▁resist . ▁ ▁Count