1 6 7 3 . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁constitution ▁Inter ▁c eter a ▁of ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 1 5 2 1 , ▁Pope ▁Leo ▁X ▁appointed ▁a ▁rule ▁for ▁t ert i aries ▁with ▁simple ▁v ows . ▁Under ▁this ▁rule , ▁en closure ▁was ▁optional , ▁en abling ▁non - en closed ▁follow ers ▁of ▁the ▁rule ▁to ▁eng age ▁in ▁various ▁works ▁of ▁char ity ▁not ▁allowed ▁to ▁en closed ▁religious . ▁In ▁ 1 5 6 6 ▁and ▁ 1 5 6 8 , ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁V ▁rejected ▁this ▁class ▁of ▁inst itute , ▁but ▁they ▁continued ▁to ▁exist ▁and ▁even ▁increased ▁in ▁number . ▁After ▁at ▁first ▁being ▁merely ▁toler ated , ▁they ▁afterwards ▁obtained ▁appro val . ▁Their ▁lives ▁were ▁orient ed ▁not ▁to ▁the ▁ancient ▁mon astic ▁way ▁of ▁life , ▁but ▁more ▁to ▁social ▁service ▁and ▁to ▁evangel ization , ▁both ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁in ▁mission ▁areas . ▁Their ▁number ▁increased ▁further ▁in ▁the ▁up he av als ▁brought ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ▁and ▁subsequent ▁Napole onic ▁invas ions ▁of ▁other ▁Catholic ▁countries , ▁dep riv ing ▁thousands ▁of ▁mon ks ▁and ▁n uns ▁of ▁the ▁income ▁that ▁their ▁communities ▁held ▁because ▁of ▁inherit ances ▁and ▁forcing ▁them ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁new ▁way ▁of ▁living ▁their ▁religious ▁life . ▁Only ▁on ▁almost ▁the ▁last ▁day ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁were ▁they ▁officially ▁reck oned ▁as ▁religious , ▁when ▁Pope ▁Leo ▁XIII ▁recognized ▁as ▁religious ▁all ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁who ▁took