▁arrived ▁at ▁with ▁complete ▁s yl log istic ▁certain ty , ▁there ▁are ▁still ▁pres um ptions , ▁sufficient ▁in ▁ordinary ▁life , ▁for ▁dec iding ▁on ▁the ▁better ▁view . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁where ▁there ▁is ▁doubt ▁whether ▁a ▁given ▁situation ▁( such ▁as ▁rit ual ▁pur ity ) ▁exists ▁but ▁it ▁has ▁certainly ▁existed ▁in ▁the ▁past , ▁one ▁can ▁rely ▁on ▁a ▁pres umption ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁continued ▁the ▁same ▁than ▁to ▁have ▁changed . ▁ ▁Given ▁the ▁probabil istic ▁nature ▁of ▁this ▁approach , ▁and ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁practical ▁certain ty , ▁it ▁followed ▁that ▁there ▁must ▁be ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁authority ▁to ▁decide ▁on ▁the ▁application ▁of ▁these ▁principles ▁to ▁particular ▁facts . ▁ ▁According ly , ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Islam ic ▁jur ist ▁( mu jt ah id ) ▁becomes ▁one ▁of ▁political ▁and ▁jud icial ▁authority , ▁and ▁not ▁merely ▁one ▁of ▁scholar ly ▁expert ise . ▁ ▁Be h bah ani ▁is ▁bl amed , ▁in ▁particular ▁by ▁Ak hbar is , ▁for ▁having ▁used ▁physical ▁force ▁to ▁en force ▁his ▁authority ▁and ▁for ▁having ▁laid ▁the ▁intellectual ▁found ations ▁of ▁Iran ian ▁Sh i ' a ▁the ocracy . ▁ ▁The ▁principles ▁of ▁probability ▁were ▁further ▁anal ys ed ▁by ▁Sh ay kh ▁M urt ada ▁al - A ns ari ▁in ▁the ▁mid - n in ete enth ▁century , ▁and ▁the ▁Us uli ▁school ▁remains ▁the ▁dominant ▁force ▁in ▁Sh i ' ite ▁Islam . ▁ ▁Tak