5 8 8 . ▁ ▁He ▁in ▁turn ▁trained ▁Juan ▁P anto ja ▁de ▁la ▁Cruz , ▁his ▁successor ▁until ▁he ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 6 0 8 . ▁ ▁His ▁pup il , ▁the ▁und ist ingu ished ▁Rod r igo ▁de ▁Vill andr ando ▁then ▁filled ▁the ▁role ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 6 2 2 , ▁when ▁the ▁ 2 3 ▁year - old ▁Diego ▁Vel áz quez ▁was ▁sum mon ed ▁to ▁Madrid , ▁and ▁soon ▁h ired ▁for ▁the ▁court , ▁remaining ▁with ▁it ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 6 6 0 . ▁ ▁His ▁port ra its ▁in ▁many ▁respect s ▁draw ▁on ▁his ▁prede cess ors . ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁By ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁official ▁port ra its ▁had ▁an ▁agreed ▁model , ▁occasionally ▁renew ed , ▁which ▁was ▁increasing ly ▁copied ▁in ▁large ▁numbers , ▁often ▁entirely ▁by ▁the ▁court ▁artist ' s ▁ ▁work shop . ▁Diplom atic ▁ex changes ▁of ▁port ra its ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁monarch ▁became ▁a ▁standard ▁cour tes y , ▁and ▁the ▁domestic ▁nob ility ▁might ▁be ▁given ▁them , ▁or ▁could ▁buy ▁them ▁from ▁the ▁artist . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁the ▁court ▁painter ▁was ▁a ▁largely ▁ob sole te ▁position , ▁even ▁where ▁royal ▁courts ▁remained . ▁A ▁variety ▁of ▁fashion able ▁portrait ists ▁were ▁given ▁sitt ings ▁by ▁royal ty , ▁whether ▁for ▁their ▁own ▁comm issions ▁or ▁those ▁of ▁others . ▁ ▁Asia ▁and ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁world