▁years . ▁Ba iley ▁argued ▁St alin ▁viol ated ▁promises ▁he ▁had ▁made ▁at ▁Y al ta , ▁im posed ▁Soviet - domin ated ▁reg imes ▁on ▁unw illing ▁Eastern ▁European ▁populations , ▁and ▁consp ired ▁to ▁spread ▁commun ism ▁throughout ▁the ▁world . ▁America ▁respond ed ▁by ▁drawing ▁the ▁line ▁against ▁Soviet ▁ag gression ▁with ▁the ▁Tr uman ▁Do ctrine , ▁and ▁the ▁Marshall ▁Plan . ▁ ▁The ▁challeng ers , ▁the ▁" re vision ist " ▁school , ▁were ▁originally ▁formed ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Wisconsin ▁by ▁William ▁Apple man ▁Williams . ▁ ▁This ▁stra in ▁of ▁thought ▁became ▁most ▁known ▁via ▁his ▁The ▁T rag edy ▁of ▁American ▁Diplom acy ▁( 1 9 5 9 ). ▁ ▁Williams ▁suggested ▁America ▁was ▁just ▁as ▁bad ▁as ▁the ▁S ovi ets ▁because ▁it ▁had ▁always ▁been ▁an ▁emp ire - building ▁nation , ▁and ▁forced ▁capital ism ▁upon ▁unw illing ▁nations . ▁Re vision ists ▁emphas ized ▁Soviet ▁weak ness es ▁after ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁said ▁it ▁only ▁wanted ▁a ▁security ▁zone , ▁and ▁was ▁mostly ▁respond ing ▁to ▁American ▁provoc ations . ▁ ▁The ▁sem inal ▁" post - re vision ist " ▁accounts ▁are ▁by ▁John ▁Lewis ▁G add is , ▁starting ▁with ▁his ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁the ▁Orig ins ▁of ▁the ▁Cold ▁War , ▁ 1 9 4 1 – 1 9 4 7 ▁( 1 9 7 2 ) ▁and ▁continu ing ▁through ▁his ▁study ▁of ▁George ▁F . ▁Kenn an : ▁An ▁American