lets ▁warning ▁the ▁civ ili ans ▁to ▁ev acu ate ▁the ▁city , ▁plus ▁counter fe it ▁r ation ▁coup ons ). ▁ ▁Rep airs ▁took ▁longer ▁and ▁longer ▁as ▁spare ▁parts ▁became ▁more ▁difficult ▁to ▁find . ▁By ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁so ▁much ▁damage ▁had ▁been ▁done ▁to ▁vital ▁util ities ▁that ▁output ▁dropped ▁to ▁nearly ▁zero . ▁Follow - up ▁ra ids ▁every ▁week ▁ended ▁production ▁perman ently . ▁By ▁war ' s ▁end ▁most ▁dwell ings ▁were ▁destroyed ▁or ▁dam aged ; ▁ 1 , 8 0 0 ▁people ▁had ▁died , ▁and ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁were ▁injured . ▁ ▁The ▁Al lied ▁ground ▁advance ▁into ▁Germany ▁reached ▁Ludwig sh afen ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁The ▁US ▁ 1 2 th ▁Arm ored ▁Division ▁and ▁ 9 4 th ▁Infantry ▁Division ▁captured ▁Ludwig sh afen ▁against ▁determined ▁German ▁resistance ▁in ▁house - to - house ▁and ▁block - to - block ▁urban ▁combat ▁during ▁ 2 1 – 2 4 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁ ▁Post - war ▁re building ▁Post - war , ▁Ludwig sh afen ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁occupation ▁zone , ▁becoming ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁founded ▁Bundes land ▁( state ) ▁of ▁Rhein land - P fal z ▁and ▁thus ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Federal ▁Republic ▁of ▁Germany . ▁Re const ruction ▁of ▁the ▁dev ast ated ▁city ▁and ▁rev ival ▁of ▁the ▁economy ▁was ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁Al lies , ▁especially