▁" just ice ▁in ▁e y re ", ▁a ▁judge ▁who ▁moved ▁between ▁hundreds ▁on ▁a ▁circuit . ▁A ▁criminal ▁accused ▁by ▁this ▁j ury ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁trial ▁by ▁or de al . ▁Under ▁the ▁j ury , ▁the ▁ch ances ▁of ▁being ▁found ▁guilty ▁were ▁much ▁lower , ▁as ▁the ▁king ▁did ▁not ▁choose ▁ver dict ▁( or ▁pun ishment ). ▁ ▁The ▁Church ▁b anned ▁participation ▁of ▁cler gy ▁in ▁trial ▁by ▁or de al ▁in ▁ 1 2 1 5 . ▁Without ▁the ▁legit im acy ▁of ▁religion , ▁trial ▁by ▁or de al ▁col lapsed . ▁The ▁jur ies ▁under ▁the ▁ass izes ▁began ▁dec iding ▁gu ilt ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁providing ▁accus ations . ▁The ▁same ▁year , ▁trial ▁by ▁j ury ▁became ▁a ▁fairly ▁explicit ▁right ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁influ ential ▁cla uses ▁of ▁Mag na ▁Cart a , ▁signed ▁by ▁King ▁John . ▁Article ▁ 3 9 ▁of ▁Mag na ▁Cart a ▁reads ▁( trans l ated ▁by ▁L ys ander ▁Spo on er ▁in ▁his ▁Ess ay ▁on ▁the ▁Tri al ▁by ▁J ury ▁( 1 8 5 2 )): ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁char ter ▁says ▁" or ▁by ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁the ▁land ", ▁this ▁in ▁no ▁manner ▁can ▁be ▁interpreted ▁as ▁if ▁it ▁were ▁enough ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁positive ▁law , ▁made ▁by ▁the ▁king , ▁to ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁proceed ▁leg ally ▁against ▁a ▁subject . ▁The ▁law ▁of ▁the ▁land ▁was ▁the ▁cons uet ud inary ▁law ,