eign ▁state " ▁is ▁an ▁an ach ron ism . ▁What ▁correspond ed ▁to ▁so ver eign ▁states ▁in ▁the ▁medieval ▁and ▁ancient ▁period ▁were ▁monarch s ▁r uling ▁By ▁the ▁Grace ▁of ▁God , ▁de ▁fact o ▁fe ud al ▁or ▁imperial ▁aut ocr ats , ▁or ▁de ▁fact o ▁independent ▁nations ▁or ▁trib al ▁conf eder ations . ▁ ▁S over eign ▁states ▁ ▁A ▁ ▁Abb as id ▁C ali ph ate ▁ ▁A ile ch ▁ ▁Air g í alla ▁ ▁Al ania ▁– ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Al ania ▁ ▁Al ba ▁– ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Al ba ▁ ▁Al mer ía ▁– ▁Ta ifa ▁of ▁Al mer ía ▁ ▁Al m oh ad ▁C ali ph ate ▁ ▁Al odia ▁– ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Al odia ▁ ▁Ant io ch ▁– ▁Princi p ality ▁of ▁Ant io ch ▁ ▁Arag on ▁– ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Arag on ▁ ▁Ar cos ▁– ▁Ta ifa ▁of ▁Ar cos ▁ ▁Arts akh ▁– ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Arts akh ▁ ▁Arm or ica ▁ ▁B ▁B ada j oz ▁– ▁Ta ifa ▁of ▁B ada j oz ▁Barcelona ▁– ▁County ▁of ▁Barcelona ▁ ▁Bé arn ▁– ▁Vis count y ▁of ▁Bé arn ▁Be ja ▁and ▁É v ora ▁– ▁Ta ifa ▁of ▁Be ja ▁and ▁É v ora ▁Boh emia ▁– ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Boh emia ▁Bre if ne ▁– ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Br ief ne ▁ ▁Brit t any ▁– ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Brit t any ▁B um th ang ▁– ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁B um th ang