– 1 9 9 7 ) ▁to ▁ou st ▁President ▁M ob ut u , ▁Second ▁Congo ▁War ▁( 1 9 9 8 – 2 0 0 3 ) ▁between ▁various ▁fa ctions ▁with ▁the ▁inter vention ▁of ▁many ▁other ▁African ▁countries , ▁making ▁this ▁an ▁African ▁regional ▁civil ▁war , ▁and ▁the ▁on going ▁It uri ▁Conf lict . ▁ ▁The ▁Kan em - B orn u ▁Empire ▁( 9 th ▁century – 1 9 th ▁century ) ▁of ▁ancient ▁Ch ad ▁stretch ed ▁to ▁parts ▁of ▁modern ▁southern ▁Lib ya , ▁eastern ▁Niger , ▁n ort he astern ▁Niger ia , ▁and ▁northern ▁Cam ero on ▁until ▁it ▁was ▁over wh el med ▁by ▁attacks ▁and ▁wars ▁from ▁the ▁F ula ▁people , ▁B agg ara , ▁Kan emb u ▁people , ▁and ▁the ▁O u add ai ▁Kingdom . ▁ ▁The ▁Arab s ▁and ▁Islam ic ▁powers ▁have ▁had ▁an ▁historical ▁impact , ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁African ▁Republic , ▁the ▁Arab ▁slave ▁trade ▁was ▁for ci b ly ▁im posed ▁upon ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁Central ▁Africa . ▁ ▁The ▁colonial ▁powers , ▁particularly ▁Belg ium ▁and ▁France , ▁were ▁dominant ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁and ▁ 1 9 th ▁centuries . ▁ ▁There ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁civil ▁wars ▁and ▁gen oc ides ▁in ▁Central ▁Africa ▁that ▁are ▁also ▁close ▁to ▁East ▁Africa , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Bur und i ▁gen o cide ▁and ▁the ▁R wand an ▁gen o cide ▁( 1