ive ▁German ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 8 – 1 9 1 9 . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁International ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁B ols he vik ▁Revolution ▁in ▁Russia ▁formed , ▁a ▁left ▁commun ist ▁t endency ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁Com intern ' s ▁German , ▁Dutch ▁and ▁Bulgar ian ▁sections . ▁Key ▁figures ▁in ▁this ▁milieu ▁were ▁Anton ▁Pan ne ko ek , ▁Otto ▁R ühle ▁and ▁H erman ▁G orter . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁critic ized ▁by ▁Vladimir ▁Len in ▁in ▁his ▁book let ▁" Left - W ing " ▁Commun ism : ▁An ▁Inf ant ile ▁Dis order . ▁ ▁In ▁Germany , ▁the ▁left ▁commun ists ▁were ▁exp elled ▁from ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁Party ▁of ▁Germany ▁and ▁formed ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁Work ers ▁Party ▁( K AP D ). ▁Similar ▁parties ▁were ▁formed ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁Bulg aria ▁and ▁Britain . ▁The ▁K AP D ▁rapidly ▁lost ▁most ▁of ▁its ▁members ▁and ▁it ▁eventually ▁dissol ved . ▁However , ▁some ▁of ▁its ▁milit ants ▁had ▁been ▁instrument al ▁in ▁organ ising ▁factory - based ▁un ions ▁like ▁the ▁AA UD ▁and ▁AA UD - E , ▁the ▁latter ▁being ▁opposed ▁to ▁separate ▁party ▁organisation ▁( see ▁synd ical ism ). ▁ ▁The ▁leading ▁theoret icians ▁of ▁the ▁K AP D ▁had ▁developed ▁a ▁new ▁series ▁of ▁ideas ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁opposition ▁to ▁party ▁organisation , ▁and ▁their ▁conception ▁of ▁the ▁B ols he vik ▁Revolution ▁in ▁Russia ▁as ▁having ▁been ▁a ▁b our ge ois ▁revolution