▁ ▁However , ▁like ▁most ▁behav iors ▁requiring ▁ar ous al ▁and ▁w ake ful ness , ▁ag gression ▁was ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁imp a ired ▁via ▁sleep ▁dep riv ation . ▁Specifically , ▁this ▁occurs ▁through ▁the ▁imp air ment ▁of ▁Oct op am ine ▁and ▁dop am ine ▁signal ing , ▁which ▁are ▁important ▁path ways ▁for ▁reg ulating ▁ar ous al ▁in ▁insect s . ▁Due ▁to ▁reduced ▁ag gression , ▁sleep - dep riv ed ▁male ▁f lies ▁were ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁dis adv ant aged ▁at ▁m ating ▁compared ▁to ▁normal ▁f lies . ▁However , ▁when ▁oct op am ine ▁ag on ists ▁were ▁admin ister ed ▁upon ▁these ▁sleep - dep riv ed ▁f lies , ▁ag gression ▁levels ▁were ▁seen ▁to ▁be ▁increased ▁and ▁sexual ▁fit ness ▁was ▁subsequently ▁restored . ▁Therefore , ▁this ▁finding ▁imp licates ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁sleep ▁in ▁ag gression ▁between ▁male ▁f lies . ▁ ▁Trans gen esis ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁now ▁relatively ▁simple ▁to ▁generate ▁trans gen ic ▁f lies ▁in ▁D ros oph ila , ▁re lying ▁on ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁techniques . ▁One ▁approach ▁of ▁inserting ▁foreign ▁gen es ▁into ▁the ▁D ros oph ila ▁gen ome ▁involves ▁P ▁elements . ▁The ▁trans pos able ▁P ▁elements , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁trans pos ons , ▁are ▁segments ▁of ▁b acter ial ▁DNA ▁that ▁are ▁transferred ▁into ▁the ▁fly ▁gen ome . ▁Trans gen ic ▁f lies ▁have ▁already ▁contributed ▁to ▁many ▁scientific ▁adv ances , ▁e .