▁them ▁(" phase ▁contrast "), ▁the ▁energy ▁lost ▁by ▁electrons ▁on ▁passing ▁through ▁the ▁sample ▁(" spect rum ▁imag ing ") ▁and ▁more . ▁Each ▁mechanism ▁tells ▁the ▁user ▁a ▁different ▁kind ▁of ▁information , ▁depending ▁not ▁only ▁on ▁the ▁contrast ▁mechanism ▁but ▁on ▁how ▁the ▁mic ros cope ▁is ▁used — the ▁settings ▁of ▁l enses , ▁a pert ures , ▁and ▁detect ors . ▁What ▁this ▁means ▁is ▁that ▁a ▁T EM ▁is ▁capable ▁of ▁returning ▁an ▁extraordinary ▁variety ▁of ▁nan ometer - ▁and ▁atomic - resol ution ▁information , ▁in ▁ideal ▁cases ▁reve aling ▁not ▁only ▁where ▁all ▁the ▁atoms ▁are ▁but ▁what ▁kinds ▁of ▁atoms ▁they ▁are ▁and ▁how ▁they ▁are ▁bond ed ▁to ▁each ▁other . ▁For ▁this ▁reason ▁T EM ▁is ▁regarded ▁as ▁an ▁essential ▁tool ▁for ▁n anos cience ▁in ▁both ▁bi ological ▁and ▁materials ▁fields . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁T EM ▁was ▁demonstrated ▁by ▁Max ▁Kn oll ▁and ▁Ernst ▁Rus ka ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁with ▁this ▁group ▁developing ▁the ▁first ▁T EM ▁with ▁resolution ▁greater ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁light ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁commercial ▁T EM ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁Rus ka ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Nobel ▁Prize ▁in ▁physics ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁transmission ▁electron ▁micro sc opy . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Initial ▁development ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 3 , ▁Ernst ▁Ab be ▁proposed ▁that ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁resolve ▁detail ▁in ▁an ▁object ▁was