an . ▁ ▁O re ▁ve ins ▁are ▁exc av ated , ▁then ▁cr ushed ▁using ▁a ▁large ▁flat ▁stone ▁( g ai - dan ). ▁ ▁The ▁gold ▁is ▁separated ▁using ▁a ▁water ▁tr ough ▁( s ab ak ▁and ▁day as an ), ▁then ▁m elt ed ▁into ▁gold ▁c akes . ▁ ▁Musical ▁instruments ▁include ▁the ▁tub ular ▁drum ▁( sol ib ao ), ▁br ass ▁or ▁co pper ▁g ongs ▁( gang sa ), ▁Jew ' s ▁har p ▁( pi w pi w ), ▁nose ▁fl ute ▁( kal al eng ), ▁and ▁a ▁b am bo o - wood ▁guitar ▁( ag ald ang ). ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁more ▁pure ▁Southern ▁K ank ana - ey ▁culture ▁because ▁of ▁culture ▁change ▁that ▁modified ▁the ▁custom s ▁and ▁trad itions ▁of ▁the ▁people . ▁The ▁so cio - c ult ural ▁changes ▁are ▁largely ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁factors ▁which ▁include ▁the ▁change ▁in ▁the ▁local ▁government ▁system ▁when ▁the ▁Sp ani ards ▁came , ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁Christian ity , ▁the ▁education ▁system ▁that ▁w iden ed ▁the ▁perspective ▁of ▁the ▁individuals ▁of ▁the ▁community , ▁and ▁the ▁enc oun ters ▁with ▁different ▁people ▁and ▁ways ▁of ▁life ▁through ▁trade ▁and ▁commerce . ▁ ▁T ing gu ans / It neg s ▁ ▁The ▁T ing gu ini ans ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁mountain ous ▁area ▁of ▁Ab ra ▁in ▁north western ▁Lu zon ▁who ▁desc ended ▁from ▁imm igr ants ▁from ▁Kal ing a ,