▁agre ements ▁that ▁( acc ording ▁to ▁an ▁expert ▁panel ▁conven ed ▁by ▁the ▁Japanese ▁Foreign ▁Ministry ) ▁could ▁be ▁defined ▁as ▁secret ▁treat ies , ▁at ▁least ▁in ▁a ▁broad ▁sense . ▁These ▁agre ements ▁involved ▁the ▁trans it ▁and ▁storage ▁of ▁nuclear ▁weapons ▁by ▁U . S . ▁forces ▁in ▁Japan ▁despite ▁Japan ' s ▁formal ▁non - n uc lear ▁weapons ▁policy . ▁Prior ▁to ▁their ▁public ▁release ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁Japanese ▁government ▁had ▁gone ▁so ▁far ▁as ▁conv ict ing ▁journalist ▁N ish iy ama ▁Tak ichi , ▁who ▁tried ▁to ▁expose ▁one ▁treat y , ▁for ▁esp ion age . ▁Operation ▁Cond or ▁was ▁a ▁secret ▁treat y ▁between ▁the ▁US ▁and ▁five ▁South ▁American ▁nations ▁to ▁coordinate ▁counter - ins ur gency ▁and ▁" dir ty ▁war " ▁against ▁commun ist ▁reb els ▁and ▁other ▁left ists ▁in ▁Latin ▁America . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁D ör r ▁& ▁Sch mal en bach ' s ▁comment ary ▁on ▁the ▁Vienna ▁Convention ▁on ▁the ▁Law ▁of ▁Tre aties , ▁" the ▁fact ▁that ▁today ▁secret ▁treat ies ▁do ▁not ▁play ▁an ▁essential ▁role ▁is ▁less ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁[ Art icle ▁ 1 0 2 ▁of ▁the ▁UN ▁Char ter ] ▁than ▁of ▁an ▁overall ▁change ▁in ▁the ▁conduct ▁of ▁international ▁relations ." ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Charles ▁Li pson : ▁ ▁With ▁private ▁international ▁understand ings ▁" virt ually ▁elimin ated " ▁among ▁dem ocr atic ▁states , ▁inform al ▁agre ements ▁" live