ğ ı rd ere ▁( De af ▁River ). ▁ ▁Es ir ▁ Ş e hr in ▁ İ ns an lar ı ▁( Pe ople ▁of ▁the ▁Capt ive ▁City ), ▁first ▁of ▁his ▁city ▁nov els ▁that ▁he ▁took ▁ İ stan bul ▁as ▁a ▁frame ▁to ▁observe ▁Tur ks ' ▁transition ▁from ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁to ▁the ▁Republic , ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁ İ n ▁this ▁novel , ▁T ah ir ▁described ▁ İ stan bul ▁under ▁occupation ▁after ▁the ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁Se qu els ▁to ▁this ▁novel , ▁Es ir ▁ Ş e hr in ▁Mah pus u ▁( Pr ison er ▁of ▁the ▁Capt ive ▁City ) ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁and ▁Y ol ▁A yr ı m ı ▁( Part ing ▁of ▁the ▁W ays ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁ ▁At ▁first , ▁K em al ▁T ah ir ▁focused ▁on ▁problems ▁of ▁pe as ants . ▁Then , ▁he ▁de alt ▁with ▁Turkish ▁history , ▁especially ▁events ▁of ▁recent ▁history . ▁In ▁his ▁novel ▁Dev let ▁Ana ▁( M other ▁State ) ▁he ▁described ▁government al ▁and ▁social ▁structure ▁of ▁Ott oman ▁society ▁at ▁its ▁beg inn ings ; ▁in ▁Kurt ▁Kan un u ▁( L aw ▁of ▁Wolf ), ▁he ▁narr ates ▁the ▁Iz mir ▁assass ination ▁incident , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁failed ▁attempt ▁to ▁kill ▁At atur k ; ▁he ▁anal ys ed ▁band it ry ▁phenomen on