▁Many ▁potential ▁routes ▁of ▁B L V ▁transmission ▁exist . ▁Trans mission ▁through ▁procedures ▁that ▁transmit ▁blood ▁between ▁animals ▁such ▁as ▁g ou ge ▁de hor ning , ▁v acc ination ▁and ▁ear ▁tag ging ▁with ▁instruments ▁or ▁need les ▁that ▁are ▁not ▁changed ▁or ▁dis in fect ed ▁between ▁animals ▁is ▁a ▁significant ▁means ▁of ▁B L V ▁spread . ▁ ▁Rect al ▁pal p ation ▁with ▁common ▁sle e ves ▁pos es ▁a ▁risk ▁that ▁is ▁increased ▁by ▁in ex per ience ▁and ▁increased ▁frequency ▁of ▁pal p ation . ▁ ▁Trans mission ▁via ▁col ost rum , ▁milk , ▁and ▁in ▁u tero ▁expos ure ▁is ▁generally ▁considered ▁to ▁account ▁for ▁a ▁relatively ▁small ▁proportion ▁of ▁in fe ctions . ▁ ▁Emb ry o ▁transfer ▁and ▁artificial ▁ins em ination ▁also ▁account ▁for ▁a ▁small ▁number ▁of ▁new ▁in fe ctions ▁if ▁common ▁equipment ▁and / or ▁pal p ation ▁sle e ves ▁are ▁used . ▁ ▁While ▁transmission ▁has ▁been ▁documented ▁via ▁blood ▁feed ing ▁insect s , ▁the ▁significance ▁of ▁this ▁risk ▁is ▁unclear . ▁ ▁Trans mission ▁re lies ▁primarily ▁on ▁the ▁transfer ▁of ▁inf ected ▁l ym ph ocy tes ▁from ▁one ▁animal ▁to ▁the ▁next , ▁and ▁B L V ▁positive ▁animals ▁with ▁l ym ph oc yt osis ▁are ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁provide ▁a ▁source ▁for ▁in fection . ▁Vir us ▁particles ▁are ▁difficult ▁to ▁detect ▁and ▁not ▁used ▁for ▁transmission ▁of ▁in fection . ▁ ▁C lin ical ▁signs ▁ ▁In ▁general ,