comput er ▁interaction ▁style ▁opposed ▁to ▁direct ▁manip ulation . ▁Direct ▁manip ulation ▁is ▁a ▁term ▁introduced ▁by ▁Ben ▁Sh ne id erman ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁within ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁office ▁applications ▁and ▁the ▁desktop ▁met ap hor . ▁ ▁Ind irect ▁manip ulation ▁has ▁a ▁higher ▁level ▁of ▁abstra ction ▁compared ▁to ▁direct ▁manip ulation ▁as ▁you ▁first ▁have ▁to ▁select ▁the ▁item ▁( such ▁as ▁character , ▁word , ▁paragraph ▁or ▁icon ) ▁that ▁you ▁want ▁to ▁edit ▁and ▁then ▁give ▁the ▁command , ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁the ▁cut ▁command ▁by ▁key ▁combination ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Control - C ▁ ▁Control - V ▁ ▁Control - Z ▁ ▁Key board ▁shortcut ▁ ▁Category : Comput er ▁keys <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁William ▁Nav in ▁S ull ivan ▁( 1 8 8 6 – 1 9 3 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁popular ▁science ▁writer ▁and ▁literary ▁journalist , ▁and ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁a ▁study ▁of ▁Be eth oven . ▁ ▁He ▁wrote ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁earliest ▁non - techn ical ▁accounts ▁of ▁Albert ▁Ein stein ’ s ▁General ▁Theory ▁of ▁Rel ativity , ▁and ▁was ▁known ▁personally ▁to ▁many ▁important ▁writers ▁in ▁London ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s , ▁including ▁Ald ous ▁H ux ley , ▁John ▁Middle ton ▁Mur ry , ▁Wy nd ham ▁Lewis , ▁Ale ister ▁Crow ley ▁and ▁T . ▁S . ▁Eli ot . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁Works ▁ ▁S ull ivan ▁fict ional ized ▁his ▁orig ins ,