▁Independ ence : ▁Battle ▁of ▁Hal id on ▁Hill : ▁The ▁English ▁win ▁a ▁decis ive ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁Sc ots . ▁ 1 5 4 4 ▁– ▁Italian ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 5 4 2 – 4 6 : ▁The ▁first ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Bou log ne ▁begins . ▁ 1 5 4 5 ▁– ▁The ▁T ud or ▁war ship ▁Mary ▁Rose ▁s inks ▁off ▁Port sm outh ; ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁the ▁w reck ▁is ▁salv aged ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁complex ▁and ▁expensive ▁projects ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁mar itime ▁arch ae ology . ▁ 1 5 5 3 ▁– ▁Lady ▁Jane ▁Grey ▁is ▁replaced ▁by ▁Mary ▁I ▁of ▁England ▁as ▁Queen ▁of ▁England ▁after ▁only ▁nine ▁days ▁on ▁the ▁throne . ▁ 1 5 8 8 ▁– ▁Ang lo - Span ish ▁War : ▁Battle ▁of ▁Gra vel ines : ▁The ▁Spanish ▁Arm ada ▁is ▁sight ed ▁in ▁the ▁English ▁Channel . ▁ 1 7 0 1 ▁– ▁Representatives ▁of ▁the ▁I ro qu ois ▁Confeder acy ▁sign ▁the ▁Nan fan ▁Tre aty , ▁c eding ▁a ▁large ▁territory ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁Ohio ▁River ▁to ▁England . ▁ 1 7 0 2 ▁– ▁Great ▁Northern ▁War : ▁A ▁numer ically ▁superior ▁Polish - S ax on ▁army ▁of ▁August us ▁II ▁the ▁Str ong , ▁operating ▁from ▁an ▁advantage ous ▁def ensive ▁position , ▁is ▁defeated ▁by ▁a ▁Swedish ▁army ▁half ▁its ▁size ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁King ▁Charles ▁XII ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of