a ▁b arg ain . ▁Most ▁served ▁short ▁terms , ▁and ▁the ▁ring le aders ▁were ▁p ardon ed ▁and ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Jewish ▁Under ground ▁was ▁an ▁activ ist ▁vig il ante ▁group ▁formed ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁out ▁of ▁milit ants ▁in ▁the ▁G ush ▁Em un im ▁movement , ▁and ▁consisted ▁at ▁its ▁height ▁of ▁ 2 5 - 2 7 ▁milit ants , ▁the ▁majority ▁holding ▁key ▁positions ▁in ▁G ush ▁Em un im ▁and ▁sett ler ▁organizations . ▁Three ▁men ▁created ▁the ▁cell , ▁Men ach em ▁Liv ni , ▁Ye h osh ua ▁Ben - Sh os han , ▁and ▁Ye h uda ▁Et z ion , ▁and ▁were ▁soon ▁joined ▁by ▁Y itz h ak ▁Gan ir am ▁(" A k ale "), ▁Sh a ul ▁N ir , ▁his ▁brother ▁Bar ak ▁N ir , ▁and ▁U zi ( ahu ) ▁Sh ar ( a ) b af ▁( Sh ar back ), ▁ra bbi ▁Mos he ▁Le ving er ' s ▁son - in - law . ▁Men ach em ▁Liv ni , ▁an ▁engineering ▁gradu ate ▁of ▁the ▁Ha ifa ▁Techn ion ▁and ▁commander ▁of ▁a ▁reserve ▁batt alion ▁of ▁combat ▁engine ers , ▁had ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Jewish ▁settlement ▁in ▁Heb ron ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁elected ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Kir y at ▁Ar ba