▁and ▁specifically , ▁in ▁vent uria , ▁the ▁fung us ▁responsible ▁for ▁apple ▁sc ab . ▁These ▁par as it ic ▁fung i ▁each ▁adapt s ▁to ▁a ▁host , ▁and ▁are ▁only ▁able ▁to ▁mate ▁within ▁a ▁shared ▁host ▁after ▁obtain ing ▁resources . ▁Since ▁a ▁single ▁to x in ▁gene ▁or ▁vir ul ence ▁alle le ▁can ▁grant ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁colon ize ▁the ▁host , ▁adaptation ▁and ▁re product ive ▁isol ation ▁are ▁instantly ▁facil itated , ▁and ▁in ▁turn , ▁ple iot rop ically ▁causes ▁adapt ive ▁spe ci ation . ▁The ▁studies ▁on ▁fung al ▁evolution ary ▁genom ics ▁will ▁further ▁el uc id ate ▁the ▁earliest ▁stages ▁of ▁diver gence ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁gene ▁flow , ▁and ▁provide ▁insight ▁into ▁ple iot rop ically ▁induced ▁adapt ive ▁diver gence ▁in ▁other ▁e uk ary otes . ▁ ▁An tagon istic ▁ple iot ropy ▁▁ ▁Sometimes , ▁a ▁ple iot rop ic ▁gene ▁may ▁be ▁both ▁harm ful ▁and ▁benef icial ▁to ▁an ▁organ ism , ▁which ▁is ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁ant agon istic ▁ple iot ropy . ▁This ▁may ▁occur ▁when ▁the ▁trait ▁is ▁benef icial ▁for ▁the ▁organ ism ' s ▁early ▁life , ▁but ▁not ▁its ▁late ▁life . ▁Such ▁" tra de - offs " ▁are ▁possible ▁since ▁natural ▁selection ▁affect s ▁tra its ▁expressed ▁earlier ▁in ▁life , ▁when ▁most ▁organ isms ▁are ▁most ▁fert ile , ▁more ▁than ▁tra its ▁expressed ▁later ▁in ▁life . ▁ ▁This ▁idea ▁is ▁central ▁to