▁of ▁the ▁un pre ced ented ▁and ▁w ides p read ▁rise ▁in ▁the ▁developed ▁world ’ s ▁living ▁standards ▁since ▁the ▁Indust rial ▁Revolution ▁could ▁not ▁have ▁occurred ▁without ▁the ▁revolution ’ s ▁innov ations ." ▁ ▁Spe aking ▁on ▁the ▁Senate ▁floor ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Senator ▁H ank ▁Brown ▁( R - Color ado ) ▁said : ▁" Mr . ▁President , ▁the ▁trick le - down ▁theory ▁attributed ▁to ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party ▁has ▁never ▁been ▁art ic ulated ▁by ▁President ▁Re agan ▁and ▁has ▁never ▁been ▁art ic ulated ▁by ▁President ▁Bush ▁and ▁has ▁never ▁been ▁advoc ated ▁by ▁either ▁one ▁of ▁them . ▁One ▁might ▁argue ▁whether ▁trick le - down ▁makes ▁any ▁sense ▁or ▁not . ▁To ▁attribute ▁to ▁people ▁who ▁have ▁advoc ated ▁the ▁opposite ▁in ▁policies ▁is ▁not ▁only ▁in ac cur ate ▁but ▁po isons ▁the ▁debate ▁on ▁public ▁issues ." ▁ ▁Econom ist ▁Thomas ▁S ow ell ▁has ▁written ▁extens ively ▁on ▁trick le - down ▁econom ics ▁and ▁lo ath es ▁its ▁character ization , ▁cit ing ▁that ▁supply - side ▁econom ics ▁has ▁never ▁claimed ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁a ▁" tr ick le - down " ▁fashion . ▁R ather , ▁the ▁economic ▁theory ▁of ▁reducing ▁marg inal ▁tax ▁rates ▁works ▁in ▁precisely ▁the ▁opposite ▁direction : ▁" Work ers ▁are ▁always ▁paid ▁first ▁and ▁then ▁prof its ▁flow ▁up ward ▁later ▁– ▁if ▁at ▁all ." ▁ ▁Crit ic isms ▁ ▁The ▁econom ist ▁John ▁Kenneth ▁Gal