▁conventional ▁agricult ure ▁versus ▁the ▁local ▁food ▁movement . ▁These ▁studies ▁show ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁not ▁yet ▁a ▁consistent ▁method ology ▁for ▁meas uring ▁energy ▁consumption ▁in ▁local ▁versus ▁non - local ▁far ms . ▁“ Local ” ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁clearly ▁defined ▁measurement , ▁and ▁by ▁only ▁exam ining ▁the ▁energy ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁“ fo od ▁miles ” ▁versus ▁an ▁entire ▁life ▁cycle ▁assess ment ▁( L CA ), ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁research ▁on ▁local ▁far ming ▁is ▁missing ▁key ▁components ▁of ▁the ▁farm - to - consum er ▁process , ▁and ▁the ▁energy ▁consumption ▁involved . ▁For ▁example , ▁despite ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁green house ▁g ases ▁em itted ▁from ▁transport ing ▁farm ▁food s ▁to ▁consum ers , ▁agricult ural ▁so ils ▁are ▁also ▁responsible ▁for ▁re le asing ▁significant ▁amounts ▁of ▁green house ▁g ases ▁into ▁the ▁atmosphere ▁( Sch les inger ). ▁The ▁life ▁cycle ▁assess ment ▁attempts ▁to ▁measure ▁the ▁impact s ▁of ▁each ▁activity ▁directly ▁or ▁indirect ly ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁production , ▁transport , ▁storage , ▁ret ail , ▁consumption ▁and ▁dispos al ▁of ▁a ▁particular ▁food ▁from ▁“ f arm ▁to ▁fork ” ▁or ▁“ f arm ▁to ▁waste ”. ▁Studies ▁that ▁examine ▁the ▁L CA ▁still ▁show ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁clear ▁conclusion ▁on ▁the ▁environmental ▁impact ▁of ▁local ▁versus ▁non - local ▁agricult ure . ▁A ▁study ▁in ▁Sweden ▁that ▁exam ined ▁bread ▁production ▁using ▁local ▁fl our ▁versus ▁fl our ▁from ▁other ▁regions ▁in ▁Sweden ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁smaller ▁scale