eter ▁future ▁provoc ations . ▁ ▁Ach ieving ▁den uc lear ization ▁and ▁regime ▁change ▁ ▁Fin an cial ▁and ▁trade ▁san ctions ▁Lee ▁em ph atically ▁has ▁assert ed ▁that ▁" the ▁only ▁non mil it ary ▁means ▁of ▁forest alling ▁[ N orth ▁Korea ' s ▁nuclear ▁and ▁miss ile ▁develop ments ] ▁is ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁to ▁en force ▁both ▁American ▁and ▁United ▁Nations ▁san ctions ▁against ▁the ▁North ▁Korean ▁regime ▁and ▁its ▁en ab lers , ▁the ▁for em ost ▁of ▁which ▁remains ▁China ." ▁ ▁San ctions ▁should ▁be ▁primarily ▁im posed ▁( as ▁some ▁have ) ▁by ▁the ▁U . N . ▁Security ▁Council , ▁and ▁therefore ▁make ▁them ▁binding ▁on ▁the ▁entire ▁international ▁community . ▁However , ▁these ▁" so ▁far ▁did ▁little ▁damage ▁to ▁Py ong y ang ’ s ▁economy ▁thanks ▁to ▁Be ij ing ’ s ▁massive ▁material ▁support ▁through ▁the ▁back door ," ▁further , ▁Be ij ing ▁has ▁demonstrated ▁" a ▁dis ingen uous ▁pattern ▁of ▁diplom atic ▁amb ide xter ity . ▁China ▁has ▁made ▁token ▁gest ures ▁like ▁signing ▁on ▁to ▁UN ▁Security ▁Council ▁resolution s ▁while ▁failing ▁to ▁en force ▁them ▁fully " ▁ ▁San ctions ▁are ▁the ▁means ▁to ▁reduce ▁external ▁in flow s ▁of ▁c ash ▁that ▁the ▁regime ▁needs ▁to ▁advance ▁its ▁nuclear ▁and ▁miss ile ▁development , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁keep ▁its ▁r uling ▁class ▁and ▁security ▁appar atus ▁loyal . ▁These ▁san ctions , ▁if ▁made ▁strong ▁and ▁sust