▁the ▁behavior ▁of ▁a ▁possible ▁X - ray ▁source ▁and ▁computational ▁numerical ▁simulations ▁to ▁approximate ▁the ▁observ ational ▁data . ▁Once ▁potential ▁observ ational ▁consequences ▁are ▁available ▁they ▁can ▁be ▁compared ▁with ▁experimental ▁observations . ▁Ob ser vers ▁can ▁look ▁for ▁data ▁that ▁ref utes ▁a ▁model ▁or ▁helps ▁in ▁choosing ▁between ▁several ▁alternate ▁or ▁conflic ting ▁models . ▁ ▁The or ists ▁also ▁try ▁to ▁generate ▁or ▁modify ▁models ▁to ▁take ▁into ▁account ▁new ▁data . ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁an ▁incons ist ency , ▁the ▁general ▁t endency ▁is ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁make ▁minimal ▁modifications ▁to ▁the ▁model ▁to ▁fit ▁the ▁data . ▁In ▁some ▁cases , ▁a ▁large ▁amount ▁of ▁incons istent ▁data ▁over ▁time ▁may ▁lead ▁to ▁total ▁abandon ment ▁of ▁a ▁model . ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁topics ▁in ▁ast ro physics , ▁ast ro chem istry , ▁ast rom etry , ▁and ▁other ▁fields ▁that ▁are ▁branches ▁of ▁astronom y ▁studied ▁by ▁theoret icians ▁involve ▁X - ray s ▁and ▁X - ray ▁sources . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁beg inn ings ▁for ▁a ▁theory ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁an ▁Earth - based ▁labor atory ▁where ▁an ▁X - ray ▁source ▁is ▁built ▁and ▁studied . ▁ ▁Dynam os ▁ ▁Dynam o ▁theory ▁describes ▁the ▁process ▁through ▁which ▁a ▁rot ating , ▁con ve ct ing , ▁and ▁elect r ically ▁conduct ing ▁fluid ▁acts ▁to ▁maintain ▁a ▁magnetic ▁field . ▁This ▁theory ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁explain ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁anom al ously ▁long - l ived ▁magnetic