0 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁Mathemat ics ▁of ▁Games ▁and ▁G amb ling , ▁Edward ▁W . ▁Pack el , ▁Mathemat ical ▁Association ▁of ▁America , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁Mathemat ics ▁of ▁G amb ling , ▁Edward ▁O . ▁Thor p , ▁L . ▁Stuart , ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁ ▁" Max imin ▁Hed ges ", ▁Jean - Cla ude ▁Der der ian , ▁Mathemat ics ▁Magazine , ▁volume ▁ 5 1 , ▁number ▁ 3 . ▁( May , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ), ▁pages ▁ 1 8 8 – 1 9 2 . ▁ ▁" C arn ap ▁and ▁de ▁Fin etti ▁on ▁B ets ▁and ▁the ▁Pro b ability ▁of ▁Sing ular ▁Events : ▁The ▁Dutch ▁Book ▁Argument ▁Re cons ider ed " ▁Klaus ▁Heil ig , ▁The ▁British ▁Journal ▁for ▁the ▁Philosoph y ▁of ▁Science , ▁volume ▁ 2 9 , ▁number ▁ 4 . ▁( Dec ember , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ), ▁pages ▁ 3 2 5 – 3 4 6 . ▁ ▁" Tests ▁of ▁the ▁E ffic iency ▁of ▁R ac et rack ▁Bet ting ▁Using ▁Book maker ▁O dd s ", ▁Ron ▁Bird , ▁Michael ▁McC ra e , ▁Management ▁Science , ▁volume ▁ 3 3 , ▁number ▁ 1 2 ▁( Dec ember , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ), ▁pages ▁ 1 5 2 – 1 5 6 . ▁ ▁" Why ▁is ▁There ▁a ▁F av our ite - Long shot