▁B . ▁Wal lace ▁have ▁continued ▁the ▁tradition ▁of ▁conserv atives ▁contrib uting ▁to ▁critical ▁scholar ship . ▁ ▁Mon se igneur ▁Joseph ▁G . ▁Prior ▁says , ▁" C atholic ▁studies ▁in ▁the ▁sevent e enth ▁and ▁eigh teenth ▁centuries ▁avoided ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁critical ▁method ology ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁rational ism ▁[ so ▁there ▁was ] ▁no ▁significant ▁Catholic ▁invol vement ▁in ▁bib lic al ▁scholar ship ▁until ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century ." ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 0 , ▁the ▁French ▁Domin ican ▁Marie - Jose ph ▁Lag range ▁( 1 8 5 5 – 1 9 3 8 ) ▁established ▁the ▁É cole ▁Bibli que ▁in ▁Jerusalem ▁to ▁encou rage ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁Bible ▁using ▁the ▁historical - crit ical ▁method . ▁Two ▁years ▁later ▁he ▁fund ed ▁a ▁journal , ▁spoke ▁there after ▁at ▁various ▁con ferences , ▁wrote ▁Bible ▁comment aries ▁that ▁incorpor ated ▁text ual ▁critical ▁work ▁of ▁his ▁own , ▁did ▁pione ering ▁work ▁on ▁bib lic al ▁gen res ▁and ▁forms , ▁and ▁laid ▁the ▁path ▁to ▁over coming ▁resistance ▁to ▁the ▁historical - crit ical ▁method ▁among ▁his ▁fellow ▁sch ol ars . ▁However , ▁Pope ▁Leo ▁XIII ▁( 1 8 1 0 – 1 9 0 3 ) ▁condem ned ▁bib lic al ▁scholar ship ▁based ▁on ▁rational ism ▁in ▁his ▁en cyc lic al ▁letter ▁Prov ident iss im us ▁De us ▁(" On ▁the ▁Study ▁of ▁Holy ▁Script ure ") ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 1 8 9