ries ▁and ▁areas ▁with ▁ancient ▁histor ies , ▁such ▁as ▁Eth iop ia ▁and ▁Som alia , ▁all ▁have ▁had ▁er as ▁of ▁great ▁emp ires . ▁Vari ous ▁ancient ▁emp ires ▁extended ▁and ▁cons olid ated ▁their ▁power ▁over ▁large ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁Horn ▁region , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Ax um ite ▁Empire ▁( 4 th ▁century ▁BC – AD ▁ 1 0 th ▁century ), ▁the ▁Zag we ▁dynast y ▁( 1 0 th ▁century ▁- ▁ 1 2 7 0 ), ▁the ▁Sol om onic ▁dynast y ▁( 1 2 7 0 – 1 9 7 4 ), ▁the ▁Ad al ▁Sultan ate ▁and ▁the ▁A j ur an ▁Sultan ate . ▁ ▁Som alia ' s ▁many ▁Sultan ates ▁each ▁maintained ▁regular ▁troops . ▁Ar ound ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁the ▁Maj e er teen ▁Sultan ate , ▁Sultan ate ▁of ▁Hob yo , ▁Wars ang ali ▁Sultan ate ▁and ▁Der v ish ▁State ▁employed ▁caval ry ▁in ▁their ▁batt les ▁against ▁the ▁European ▁powers ▁during ▁the ▁Camp aign ▁of ▁the ▁Sultan ates . ▁ ▁Eth iop ian ▁soldiers ▁decis ively ▁defeated ▁the ▁It ali ans ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ad wa , ▁during ▁the ▁First ▁Ital o – E th iop ian ▁War ▁from ▁ 1 8 8 9 ▁to ▁ 1 8 9 6 . ▁Italy ▁was ▁vict orious ▁against ▁Eth iop ia ▁during ▁the ▁Second ▁Ital o - A by ss in ian ▁War ▁fought ▁from ▁ 1 9 3