ul in ; ▁the ▁Canadian ▁pat ent ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Toronto ▁for ▁a ▁symbol ic ▁doll ar . ▁Following ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁the ▁is oe lect ric ▁point ▁for ▁ins ul in , ▁Eli ▁L illy ▁hoped ▁to ▁win ▁an ▁ins ul in ▁production ▁pat ent ▁for ▁itself ▁but ▁could ▁not ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁similar ▁and ▁concurrent ▁discovery ▁by ▁Michael ▁Som ogy i , ▁Phill ip ▁Sh af fer ▁and ▁E . ▁A . ▁Do isy ▁at ▁Washington ▁University ▁in ▁St . ▁Louis , ▁news ▁of ▁which ▁had ▁already ▁reached ▁the ▁research ers ▁in ▁Toronto . ▁To ▁prevent ▁related ▁legal ▁comp lications , ▁Con n aught ' s ▁Ass istant ▁Director ▁and ▁Head ▁of ▁the ▁Ins ul in ▁Division ▁Robert ▁Def ries ▁worked ▁to ▁establish ▁an ▁" inn ov ative ▁pat ent ▁pool ing ▁policy ". ▁The ▁policy ▁out lined ▁that ▁" it ▁shall ▁be ▁required ▁of ▁all ▁lic enses ▁that ▁any ▁pat ents ▁taken ▁out ▁by ▁them ▁shall ▁be ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Toronto ▁who ▁may ▁then ▁author ize ▁other ▁license es ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁methods ▁pat ented , ▁in ▁other ▁words ▁the ▁policy ▁of ▁pool ing ▁the ▁pat ents ▁was ▁decided ▁upon .” ▁Based ▁on ▁a ▁November ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁Ins ul in ▁Committee ▁report , ▁pat ents ▁and ▁trade ▁marks ▁had ▁" be en ▁applied ▁for ▁in ▁Egypt , ▁Palest ine , ▁etc ., ▁Japan , ▁and ▁South ▁Africa ". ▁Nobel ▁prize - win ning ▁phys i ologist ▁August ▁K rog h ▁was ▁given