▁such ▁as ▁ble om yc in , ▁t et racy cl ine ▁( e . g ., ▁min ocy cl ine ), ▁pov id one - iod ine , ▁or ▁a ▁sl ur ry ▁of ▁tal c ▁can ▁be ▁introduced ▁into ▁the ▁ple ural ▁space ▁through ▁a ▁ch est ▁d rain . ▁The ▁inst illed ▁chemical s ▁cause ▁ir rit ation ▁between ▁the ▁par iet al ▁and ▁the ▁vis cer al ▁layers ▁of ▁the ▁ple ura ▁which ▁clos es ▁off ▁the ▁space ▁between ▁them ▁and ▁prevents ▁further ▁fluid ▁from ▁accum ulating . ▁Ph arm acy - prep ared ▁chemical s ▁for ▁ple uro des is ▁should ▁be ▁clearly ▁l abeled ▁" NOT ▁FOR ▁IV ▁AD MIN IST R ATION " ▁to ▁avoid ▁potentially ▁fatal ▁wrong - site ▁medic ation ▁errors . ▁ ▁P ov id one ▁i od ine ▁is ▁equally ▁effective ▁and ▁safe ▁as ▁tal c , ▁and ▁may ▁be ▁preferred ▁because ▁of ▁easy ▁avail ability ▁and ▁low ▁cost . ▁ ▁Chem ical ▁ple uro des is ▁is ▁a ▁pain ful ▁procedure , ▁and ▁so ▁patients ▁are ▁often ▁pre med ic ated ▁with ▁a ▁sed ative ▁and ▁anal ges ics . ▁A ▁local ▁an est h etic ▁may ▁be ▁inst illed ▁into ▁the ▁ple ural ▁space , ▁or ▁an ▁e pid ural ▁c ath eter ▁may ▁be ▁placed ▁for ▁an est hes ia . ▁ ▁S urg ical ▁ ▁S urg ical ▁ple uro des is ▁may ▁be ▁performed ▁via ▁thor ac ot omy ▁or ▁thor ac os copy . ▁This ▁involves