- 5 0 ▁AD ) ▁and ▁as ▁late ▁as ▁O rib asis us ▁( 3 2 5 – 4 0 5 ▁AD ). ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁era , ▁both ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁routine ▁inf ib ulation ▁was ▁second ▁only ▁to ▁circum c ision ▁in ▁the ▁" war ▁on ▁m ast urb ation " ▁and ▁was ▁used ▁in ▁or phan ages ▁and ▁mental ▁institutions , ▁supported ▁by ▁leading ▁phys icians . ▁ ▁In ▁modern ▁times , ▁male ▁inf ib ulation ▁may ▁be ▁performed ▁for ▁personal ▁prefer ences ▁or ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁B DS M . ▁ ▁Em as cul ation ▁ ▁Also ▁known ▁as ▁total ▁cas tr ation ▁or ▁null ification , ▁em as cul ation ▁is ▁the ▁combination ▁of ▁cas tr ation ▁and ▁pen ect omy . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁high ▁risk ▁of ▁death ▁from ▁ble eding ▁and ▁in fection , ▁it ▁was ▁often ▁considered ▁a ▁pun ishment ▁equivalent ▁to ▁a ▁death ▁sentence . ▁It ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁e un uch - making ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁court , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁w ides p read ▁in ▁the ▁Arab ▁slave ▁trade . ▁A ▁cas tr ated ▁slave ▁was ▁worth ▁more , ▁and ▁this ▁offset ▁the ▁losses ▁from ▁death . ▁ ▁Null ification ▁or ▁" n ul lo " ▁is ▁the ▁term ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁modern ▁body ▁modification ▁community . ▁ ▁In ▁modern - day ▁South ▁Asia , ▁some ▁members ▁of ▁Hij ra ▁communities ▁reported ly ▁under go ▁em as cul ation . ▁It ▁is