▁contract , ▁and ▁as ▁being ▁unnecessary ▁to ▁protect ▁health ▁or ▁safety . ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁opinion , ▁Pe ck ham ▁u ph eld ▁other ▁work place ▁reg ulations ▁rel ating ▁to ▁b aker ' s ▁facilities ▁that ▁he ▁did ▁believe ▁just ified ▁limitations ▁on ▁the ▁freedom ▁of ▁contract . ▁ ▁Bey ond ▁L och ner , ▁Pe ck ham ▁is ▁perhaps ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁exp ans ive ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁Sh erman ▁ant it rust ▁law , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁saw ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁protect ing ▁consumer ▁w elf are . ▁His ▁opinions ▁on ▁civil ▁rights ▁for ▁African ▁Americans ▁are ▁remarkable ▁only ▁for ▁the ▁abandon ment ▁of ▁his ▁usual ▁ant ist at ism ▁in ▁voting ▁to ▁u ph old ▁Jim ▁Crow ▁laws — the ▁most ▁notable ▁being ▁Pl ess y ▁v . ▁Fer g us on ▁( 1 8 9 6 ), ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁sil ently ▁joined ▁the ▁majority . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁he ▁and ▁Justice ▁David ▁Jos iah ▁Bre wer ▁were ▁far ▁more ▁likely ▁than ▁any ▁of ▁their ▁colle agues ▁to ▁vote ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁Chinese ▁lit ig ants ▁in ▁the ▁many ▁imm igration ▁cases ▁that ▁came ▁before ▁the ▁Court . ▁ ▁Justice ▁Pe ck ham ▁author ed ▁the ▁land mark ▁decision ▁in ▁Ex ▁parte ▁Young ▁( 1 9 0 8 ), ▁which ▁held ▁that ▁a ▁federal ▁court ▁may ▁issue ▁an ▁inj unction ▁against ▁a ▁State ▁officer ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁enfor cement ▁of ▁an ▁invalid ▁State ▁law . ▁ ▁Pe ck ham ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Court ▁until