▁G end ün ▁Ch ö ph el ▁( 1 9 0 3 – 1 9 5 1 ). ▁Buddh ist ▁modern ism ▁refers ▁to ▁" forms ▁of ▁Buddh ism ▁that ▁have ▁emer ged ▁out ▁of ▁an ▁eng agement ▁with ▁the ▁dominant ▁cultural ▁and ▁intellectual ▁forces ▁of ▁modern ity ." ▁Forces ▁which ▁influenced ▁modern ists ▁like ▁D ham map ala , ▁and ▁Y in ▁Sh un ▁included ▁En light en ment ▁values , ▁and ▁Western ▁Science . ▁A ▁Ne o - B ud dh ist ▁movement ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁the ▁influ ential ▁Indian ▁Dal it ▁leader ▁B . ▁R . ▁Am bed kar ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁who ▁emphas ized ▁social ▁and ▁political ▁reform . ▁ ▁Buddh ist ▁modern ism ▁includes ▁various ▁movements ▁like ▁Human istic ▁Buddh ism , ▁Sec ular ▁Buddh ism , ▁the ▁V ip ass ana ▁movement , ▁and ▁Eng aged ▁Buddh ism . ▁Chinese ▁human istic ▁Buddh ism ▁or ▁" B ud dh ism ▁for ▁Human ▁Life " ▁( Ch inese : ▁ 人 生 <0xE4> <0xBD> <0x9B> 教 ; ▁p iny in : ▁r én sh ē ng ▁f ó ji à o ) ▁which ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁free ▁of ▁super natural ▁belief s ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁an ▁influ ential ▁form ▁of ▁modern ▁Buddh ism ▁in ▁Asia . ▁ ▁S ikh ▁philosophy ▁ ▁S ikh ism ▁is ▁an ▁Indian ▁religion ▁developed ▁by ▁G uru ▁Nan ak ▁( 1 4 6 9 – 1 5 3 9 ) ▁in ▁the ▁P un j ab ▁region ▁during