▁occupation , ▁and ▁subsequent ▁batt les ▁during ▁the ▁American ▁and ▁Filip ino ▁re - in vas ion , ▁an ▁estimated ▁one ▁million ▁Filip inos ▁died , ▁giving ▁rise ▁to ▁ling ering ▁anti - J apan ese ▁sentiment . ▁ ▁H undred s ▁of ▁her itage ▁cities ▁and ▁towns ▁throughout ▁the ▁country ▁lay ▁in ▁ru ins ▁due ▁to ▁intent ional ▁fire ▁and ▁kam ik aze ▁tact ics ▁im posed ▁by ▁the ▁Japanese ▁and ▁bomb ings ▁im posed ▁by ▁the ▁Americans . ▁Only ▁a ▁single ▁her itage ▁town , ▁V igan , ▁surv ived . ▁The ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁Empire ▁of ▁Japan ▁never ▁gave ▁any ▁compens ation ▁for ▁the ▁rest oration ▁of ▁Filip ino ▁her itage ▁towns ▁and ▁cities . ▁While ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁only ▁gave ▁minimal ▁fund ing ▁for ▁two ▁cities , ▁Man ila ▁and ▁B agu io . ▁A ▁de cade ▁after ▁the ▁war , ▁the ▁her itage ▁landscape ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁was ▁never ▁restored ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁dev ast ated ▁economy , ▁lack ▁of ▁fund ing , ▁and ▁lack ▁of ▁cultural ▁exper ts ▁during ▁the ▁time . ▁The ▁her itage ▁zones ▁were ▁effectively ▁replaced ▁by ▁old ▁sh ant y ▁houses ▁and ▁c ement ▁houses ▁with ▁cheap ▁p lywood ▁or ▁gal van ized ▁iron ▁as ▁roof s . ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁analysis ▁released ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁war , ▁U . S . ▁cas ual ties ▁were ▁ 1 0 , 3 8 0 ▁dead ▁and ▁ 3 6 , 5 5 0 ▁wounded ; ▁Japanese ▁dead ▁were ▁ 2 5 5