▁[ inst rument al ] ▁S TE M ▁[ pr on oun ▁suffix ] ▁[ ca us ative ] ▁ ▁Pos itional ▁prefix es ▁ ▁Pos itional ▁prefix es ▁occup y ▁the ▁first ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁ver bal ▁complex . ▁ ▁These ▁prefix es ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁location ▁or ▁direction ▁of ▁the ▁verb ' s ▁action : ▁a - ▁ <0x09> on , ▁upon , ▁over ▁i - <0x09> at , ▁to , ▁by ▁u - <0x09> in , ▁within , ▁into ▁ ▁Pr onom inal ▁prefix es ▁ ▁Ch iw ere ▁distingu ishes ▁three ▁persons ▁– ▁first , ▁second ▁and ▁inclus ive , ▁which ▁functions ▁as ▁an ▁inclus ive ▁first ▁person ▁pl ural . ▁ ▁Each ▁person ▁has ▁an ▁agent ▁( subject ) ▁and ▁patient ▁( object ) ▁form . ▁ ▁The ▁agent ▁forms ▁mark ▁the ▁subjects ▁of ▁active ▁ver bs , ▁whereas ▁the ▁patient ▁forms ▁mark ▁the ▁objects ▁of ▁active ▁ver bs ▁and ▁the ▁subjects ▁of ▁pass ive ▁ver bs , ▁making ▁Ch iw ere , ▁like ▁many ▁other ▁Si ou an ▁languages , ▁active - st ative . ▁ ▁Third ▁person ▁forms ▁as ▁they ▁exist ▁in ▁English ▁are ▁not ▁directly ▁marked . ▁ ▁Following ▁are ▁the ▁subject ▁and ▁object ▁forms ▁of ▁the ▁pr onom inal ▁prefix es : ▁ ▁First ▁Person : ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ha - <0x09> <0x09> hi - <0x09> <0x09> ▁Second ▁Person : <0x09> ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ra - <0x09> <0x09> ri - <0x09> <0x09> ▁In clus ive : <0x09> <0x09> hi - <0x09> <0x09> wa - wa -