rolling ▁behavior ▁around ▁other ▁adult s . ▁Spe ech ▁ph ob ic ▁mut ism : ▁the ▁least ▁common , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁child ▁showed ▁distinct ▁fear ▁at ▁hearing ▁a ▁recording ▁of ▁his ▁or ▁her ▁voice . ▁ ▁This ▁also ▁involved ▁rit ual istic ▁behav iors , ▁which ▁may ▁reflect ▁O CD , ▁and ▁was ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁child ▁having ▁been ▁told ▁to ▁keep ▁a ▁family ▁secret . ▁Re active ▁mut ism : ▁a ▁reaction ▁to ▁tra uma ▁and / or ▁ab use , ▁with ▁all ▁children ▁showing ▁sympt oms ▁of ▁de pression ▁and ▁being ▁not ably ▁with dra wn , ▁usually ▁showing ▁no ▁fa cial ▁expressions . ▁ ▁Not ably , ▁Hay den ▁adm its ▁that ▁some ▁children ▁put ▁in ▁this ▁category ▁had ▁no ▁apparent ▁incident ▁to ▁react ▁to , ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁included ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁sympt oms . ▁Pass ive - ag gress ive ▁mut ism : ▁silence ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁display ▁of ▁host ility , ▁connected ▁to ▁ant iso cial ▁behavior . ▁ ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁children ▁in ▁her ▁study ▁had ▁reported ly ▁not ▁been ▁m ute ▁until ▁age ▁ 9 - 1 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁Di agnostic ▁and ▁Statist ical ▁Man ual ▁of ▁M ental ▁Dis orders ▁( DS M ), ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁first ▁included ▁Elect ive ▁Mut ism ▁in ▁its ▁third ▁edition , ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁Elect ive ▁mut ism ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁" a ▁continuous ▁ref us al ▁to