▁M aml uk ▁pot tery , ▁found ▁in ▁ass embl ages ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁the ▁By z antine ▁period . ▁The ▁Mam lu ks ▁used ▁the ▁Cr us ader ▁tower ▁as ▁a ▁stable , ▁and ▁M aml uk ▁o vens ▁were ▁found ▁within ▁the ▁Cr us ader ▁church . ▁On ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁the ▁pot tery ▁found , ▁it ▁appears ▁that ▁Y ok ne am ▁was ▁under ▁M aml uk ▁occupation ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁only . ▁ ▁Ott oman ▁period ▁▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Ott oman – M aml uk ▁War ▁( 1 5 1 6 – 1 7 ), ▁the ▁Lev ant ▁fell ▁to ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁Records ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁state ▁that ▁Z ah ir ▁al - U mar , ▁who ▁ruled ▁over ▁Gal ile e ▁in ▁that ▁century , ▁built ▁a ▁for tr ess ▁in ▁Y ok ne am . ▁Ott oman ▁sm oking ▁pip es ▁were ▁found ▁near ▁the ▁Cr us ader ▁church , ▁and ▁Ott oman ▁pot tery , ▁probably ▁disp la ced ▁by ▁rain water , ▁was ▁found ▁in ▁several ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁tel . ▁These ▁finds ▁are ▁quite ▁me ager , ▁however , ▁and ▁arch ae ologist ▁Am non ▁Ben - T or ▁has ▁challeng ed ▁this ▁claim . ▁Mi ri am ▁Av iss ar , ▁another ▁arch ae ologist ▁who ▁has ▁studied ▁the ▁site , ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁the ▁for tr ess ▁is ▁indeed ▁an ▁Ott oman ▁for tr ess , ▁built ▁by ▁Z ah ir