7 3 2 . ▁In ▁ 7 3 9 ▁a ▁major ▁Ber ber ▁Revol t ▁broke ▁out ▁in ▁North ▁Africa , ▁which ▁was ▁probably ▁the ▁largest ▁military ▁set back ▁in ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁C ali ph ▁H ish am . ▁From ▁it , ▁emer ged ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Muslim ▁states ▁outside ▁the ▁C ali ph ate . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁Mor oc can ▁independence , ▁as ▁Mor oc co ▁would ▁never ▁again ▁come ▁under ▁the ▁rule ▁of ▁an ▁eastern ▁C ali ph ▁or ▁any ▁other ▁foreign ▁power ▁until ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁It ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁collapse ▁of ▁Um ay y ad ▁authority ▁in ▁al - And alus . ▁In ▁India , ▁the ▁Um ay y ad ▁arm ies ▁were ▁defeated ▁by ▁the ▁south ▁Indian ▁Chal uk ya ▁dynast y ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁north ▁Indian ▁Pr ati har as ▁D ynast y , ▁st agn ating ▁further ▁east ward ▁Arab ▁expansion . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁C au cas us , ▁the ▁confront ation ▁with ▁the ▁Kh az ars ▁pe aked ▁under ▁H ish am : ▁the ▁Arab s ▁established ▁Der b ent ▁as ▁a ▁major ▁military ▁base ▁and ▁launched ▁several ▁invas ions ▁of ▁the ▁northern ▁C au cas us , ▁but ▁failed ▁to ▁sub due ▁the ▁nom adic ▁Kh az ars . ▁The ▁conflict ▁was ▁ar du ous ▁and ▁blo ody , ▁and ▁the ▁Arab ▁army ▁even ▁suffered ▁a ▁major ▁defeat ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Mar j ▁Ar d abil ▁in ▁ 7