▁use ▁inter - dig itated ▁electro des ▁on ▁one ▁glass ▁substr ate ▁only ▁to ▁produce ▁an ▁electric ▁field ▁essentially ▁parallel ▁to ▁the ▁glass ▁substr ates . ▁However , ▁the ▁invent or ▁was ▁not ▁yet ▁able ▁to ▁implement ▁such ▁IP S - L CD s ▁superior ▁to ▁T N ▁displays . ▁ ▁After ▁thorough ▁analysis , ▁details ▁of ▁advantage ous ▁mole cular ▁arrang ements ▁were ▁file d ▁in ▁Germany ▁by ▁Gu enter ▁Ba ur ▁et ▁al . ▁and ▁pat ented ▁in ▁various ▁countries ▁including ▁the ▁US ▁on ▁ 9 ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁The ▁Fra un ho fer ▁Society ▁in ▁Fre ib urg , ▁where ▁the ▁invent ors ▁worked , ▁assigned ▁these ▁pat ents ▁to ▁Mer ck ▁K G a A , ▁D arm stadt , ▁Germany . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁there after , ▁Hit achi ▁of ▁Japan ▁file d ▁pat ents ▁to ▁improve ▁this ▁technology . ▁A ▁leader ▁in ▁this ▁field ▁was ▁K ats umi ▁K ondo , ▁who ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁Hit achi ▁Research ▁Center . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁engine ers ▁at ▁Hit achi ▁worked ▁out ▁various ▁practical ▁details ▁of ▁the ▁IP S ▁technology ▁to ▁inter connect ▁the ▁thin - film ▁trans istor ▁array ▁as ▁a ▁matrix ▁and ▁to ▁avoid ▁und es irable ▁st ray ▁fields ▁in ▁between ▁pixels . ▁Hit achi ▁also ▁improved ▁the ▁view ing ▁angle ▁dependence ▁further ▁by ▁optim izing ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁the ▁electro des ▁( Super ▁IP S ). ▁N EC ▁and ▁Hit achi ▁became ▁early ▁manufact ur ers ▁of