▁Category : C ensus - design ated ▁places ▁in ▁Gray s ▁Har bor ▁County , ▁Washington ▁Category : Qu ina ult ▁settlement s <0x0A> </s> ▁Centre ▁for ▁Independent ▁Social ▁Research ▁( C IS R ) ▁is ▁a ▁n ong overn ment al ▁research ▁inst itute ▁in ▁Russia ▁working ▁in ▁four ▁main ▁areas : ▁Social ▁research ▁projects ; ▁professional ▁development ▁of ▁young ▁soci olog ists ; ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁professional ▁networks ▁in ▁the ▁social ▁sciences ; ▁Soci ological ▁expert ise ▁and ▁consult ations . ▁The ▁C IS R ▁activities ▁are ▁fin anced ▁mainly ▁through ▁Russian ▁and ▁international ▁scientific ▁funds ▁and ▁phil anth rop ic ▁organizations . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁the ▁John ▁D . ▁and ▁Catherine ▁T . ▁Mac Ar thur ▁Foundation ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁key ▁partner ▁of ▁C IS R . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁thought ▁of ▁establish ing ▁an ▁independent ▁soci ological ▁center ▁first ▁arose ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁Vik tor ▁Vor on kov ▁and ▁O leg ▁V ite , ▁who , ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁were ▁employees ▁of ▁the ▁L ening rad ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ’ ▁Institute ▁of ▁Soci ology . ▁In sp ired ▁by ▁the ▁rapid ▁social ▁and ▁political ▁changes ▁taking ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁country , ▁they ▁gathered ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁enthus iast s ▁and ▁started ▁conduct ing ▁their ▁own ▁independent ▁research ▁projects . ▁Edward ▁F omin , ▁El ena ▁Z d rav om ys lo va , ▁and ▁In grid ▁O sw ald ▁act