▁his ▁brother ▁Ale j andro ▁( former ▁Prime ▁Minister ) ▁but ▁he ▁decl ined ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁Edu ardo , ▁an ▁independent . ▁ ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Peru ▁( 1 8 9 9 ▁– ▁ 1 9 0 3 ) ▁During ▁these ▁years , ▁Carlos ▁de ▁Pi éro la , ▁a ▁dem ocrat ▁and ▁brother ▁of ▁former ▁president ▁Nicol ás ▁de ▁Pi éro la , ▁was ▁the ▁majority ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Deput ies , ▁while ▁Manuel ▁Cand amo , ▁a ▁civil ista ▁party ▁leader , ▁pres ided ▁over ▁the ▁Senate . ▁This ▁division ▁allowed ▁for ▁the ▁pre val ence ▁of ▁the ▁dem ocr ats ▁in ▁the ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Deput ies , ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁civil istas ▁in ▁the ▁Senate . ▁These ▁differences , ▁however , ▁rapidly ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁dem ocr ats ▁leading ▁the ▁opposition . ▁López ▁de ▁Roma ña ▁res h uff led ▁his ▁cabinet ▁almost ▁exclus ively ▁with ▁civil istas , ▁a ▁move ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁majority ▁dem ocr ats ▁of ▁the ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Deput ies ▁to ▁continu ously ▁c ensure . ▁▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁there ▁were ▁various ▁parliament ary ▁disc ords ▁concerning ▁the ▁non - d ismiss al ▁of ▁cens ured ▁ ▁minister s . ▁The ▁development ▁in ▁agricult ure ▁also ▁continued ▁during ▁López ▁de ▁Roma ña ' s ▁term , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁that ▁in ▁the ▁min ing ▁and ▁other ▁related ▁indust ries . ▁The ▁code ▁of ▁min ing ▁was ▁prom ul g ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 1 , ▁as