▁become ▁cal i ph ▁was ▁H ish am ▁( 7 2 4 – 4 3 ), ▁whose ▁long ▁and ▁event ful ▁reign ▁was ▁above ▁all ▁marked ▁by ▁the ▁cur tail ment ▁of ▁military ▁expansion . ▁H ish am ▁established ▁his ▁court ▁at ▁Res af a ▁in ▁northern ▁Sy ria , ▁which ▁was ▁closer ▁to ▁the ▁By z antine ▁border ▁than ▁Dam asc us , ▁and ▁res umed ▁host ilities ▁against ▁the ▁By z ant ines , ▁which ▁had ▁la ps ed ▁following ▁the ▁failure ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁sie ge ▁of ▁Constantin ople . ▁The ▁new ▁campaign s ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁successful ▁ra ids ▁into ▁An atol ia , ▁but ▁also ▁in ▁a ▁major ▁defeat ▁( the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ak ro in on ), ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁lead ▁to ▁any ▁significant ▁territorial ▁expansion . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁cal i ph ate ' s ▁north - western ▁African ▁bases , ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁ra ids ▁on ▁coast al ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁Vis ig oth ic ▁Kingdom ▁p aved ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁permanent ▁occupation ▁of ▁most ▁of ▁I ber ia ▁by ▁the ▁Um ay y ads ▁( start ing ▁in ▁ 7 1 1 ), ▁and ▁on ▁into ▁south - e astern ▁Ga ul ▁( last ▁strong hold ▁at ▁Nar bon ne ▁in ▁ 7 5 9 ). ▁H ish am ' s ▁reign ▁witness ed ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁expansion ▁in ▁the ▁west , ▁following ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁Arab ▁army ▁by ▁the ▁Fran ks ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁T ours ▁in ▁