▁method . ▁It ▁is ▁implemented ▁to ▁project ▁management ▁literature ▁by ▁mention ing ▁each ▁slot ▁as ▁the ▁rep lac able ▁qualified ▁human ▁hours ▁required ▁to ▁complete ▁a ▁given ▁task .. ▁ ▁Software ▁engineering ▁is ▁the ▁application ▁of ▁a ▁system atic , ▁discipl ined , ▁quant ifiable ▁approach ▁to ▁the ▁development , ▁operation , ▁and ▁maintenance ▁of ▁software . ▁ ▁Stand ards ▁are ▁documents ▁approved ▁by ▁a ▁recognized ▁body , ▁that ▁provide , ▁for ▁common ▁and ▁repeated ▁use , ▁rules , ▁gu idel ines , ▁or ▁characteristics ▁for ▁products , ▁processes , ▁or ▁services ▁with ▁which ▁comp liance ▁is ▁not ▁mand atory . ▁( ISO ▁ 9 4 5 3 ) ▁ ▁St ake holder ▁C li ents ▁or ▁other ▁parties ▁inv ested ▁in ▁the ▁Project . ▁ ▁Systems ▁Development ▁Life ▁Cy cle ▁( SD LC ) ▁is ▁any ▁logical ▁process ▁used ▁by ▁a ▁systems ▁anal yst ▁to ▁develop ▁an ▁information ▁system , ▁including ▁requirements , ▁validation , ▁training , ▁and ▁user ▁ownership . ▁An ▁SD LC ▁should ▁result ▁in ▁a ▁high ▁quality ▁system ▁that ▁meets ▁or ▁exceed s ▁customer ▁expect ations , ▁within ▁time ▁and ▁cost ▁estimates , ▁works ▁effectively ▁and ▁efficiently ▁in ▁the ▁current ▁and ▁planned ▁IT ▁infrastr ucture , ▁and ▁is ▁cheap ▁to ▁maintain ▁and ▁cost - effect ive ▁to ▁enh ance . ▁ ▁Systems ▁engineering ▁is ▁an ▁inter dis cipl inary ▁field ▁of ▁engineering ▁that ▁focus es ▁on ▁how ▁complex ▁engineering ▁projects ▁should ▁be ▁designed ▁and ▁managed . ▁ ▁T ▁▁ ▁Task ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁actions ▁which ▁accomplish