▁directly ▁( organ izing , ▁participation ) ▁or ▁indirect ly ▁( articles , ▁document aries , ▁books , ▁eth n ograph ies ). ▁Such ▁is ▁the ▁case ▁with ▁environmental ▁justice ▁advoc ate ▁Mel issa ▁Check er ▁and ▁her ▁relationship ▁with ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁Hy de ▁Park . ▁ ▁Crit iques ▁on ▁this ▁modern ▁perspective ▁and ▁non - g overn ment al ▁organizations ' ▁( NG Os ) ▁influ ences ▁and ▁effects ▁on ▁social ▁groups ▁is ▁usually ▁that ▁they ▁" general ize " ▁and ▁" ob sc ure " ▁local ▁disc ourse ▁and ▁message . ▁O ften ▁resulting ▁in ▁environmental ism ▁by ▁b ureau cr ats , ▁PR ▁fir ms , ▁govern ments , ▁and ▁industry . ▁An ▁example ▁of ▁negative ▁effects ▁can ▁be ▁as cert ained ▁in ▁the ▁Malays ian ▁Rain for est , ▁in ▁which ▁N GO s ▁and ▁other ▁out s ider ▁activ ist ▁def lect ed ▁the ▁issue , ▁ign oring ▁the ▁local ity ▁of ▁the ▁problem . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Orig ins ▁and ▁pione ers ▁▁ ▁Environment al ▁anth rop ology ▁enters ▁the ▁field ▁as ▁an ▁applied ▁dimension ▁built ▁on ▁the ▁primary ▁approaches ▁within ▁contemporary ▁e colog ical ▁anth rop ology . ▁It ▁focus es ▁on ▁how ▁culture ▁prom otes ▁connections ▁between ▁humans ▁and ▁their ▁occupied ▁e cos ystem s . ▁American ▁anth rop ologist ▁Julian ▁Ste ward ▁( 1 9 0 2 – 1 9 7 2 ), ▁is ▁the ▁anth rop ological ▁origin ator ▁of ▁cultural ▁e col ogy . ▁A ▁trouble d ▁child hood ▁led ▁to