▁German ▁Jewish ▁writer ▁Arnold ▁Zwe ig , ▁who ▁had ▁volunte ered ▁for ▁the ▁army ▁and ▁seen ▁action ▁in ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁ ▁private ▁in ▁France , ▁Hung ary ▁and ▁Ser bia , ▁was ▁station ed ▁at ▁the ▁Western ▁Front ▁when ▁the ▁Jud enz ähl ung ▁census ▁was ▁undert aken . ▁Zwe ig ▁wrote ▁in ▁a ▁letter ▁to ▁Martin ▁B uber , ▁dated ▁February ▁ 1 5 : ▁ ▁" The ▁Jud enz ähl ung ▁was ▁a ▁reflection ▁of ▁un he ard ▁sad ness ▁for ▁Germany ' s ▁sin ▁and ▁our ▁ag ony ... ▁If ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁ant is emit ism ▁in ▁the ▁Army , ▁the ▁un b ear able ▁call ▁to ▁duty ▁would ▁be ▁almost ▁easy ." ▁ ▁Sh aken ▁by ▁the ▁experience , ▁Zwe ig ▁began ▁to ▁rev ise ▁his ▁views ▁on ▁the ▁war ▁and ▁to ▁realize ▁that ▁it ▁p itted ▁Jews ▁against ▁Jews . ▁Later ▁he ▁described ▁his ▁experiences ▁in ▁the ▁short ▁story ▁Jud enz ähl ung ▁vor ▁Verd un ▁and ▁became ▁an ▁active ▁pac if ist . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Front k ämp fer priv ile g ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Jews ▁in ▁Germany ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁Ber ger , ▁Michael ▁E is ern es ▁Kreuz ▁und ▁David st ern : ▁die ▁Geschichte ▁J üd ischer ▁Sold aten ▁in ▁Deutschen ▁Ar me en , ▁tra fo ▁ver lag , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁▁ ▁Iron ▁Cross ▁and ▁Star ▁of ▁David : ▁Jewish ▁Sold iers ▁in ▁German ▁Arm ies ▁( In hal ts ang abe ▁zu