ros emi ' s ▁Pro As ic ▁ 3 ▁or ▁L attice ' s ▁XP 2 ▁program m able ▁devices , ▁do ▁not ▁expose ▁the ▁bit stream ▁and ▁do ▁not ▁need ▁encryption . ▁In ▁addition , ▁flash ▁memory ▁for ▁a ▁lookup ▁table ▁provides ▁single ▁event ▁ups et ▁protection ▁for ▁space ▁applications . ▁Custom ers ▁wanting ▁a ▁higher ▁guarantee ▁of ▁tam per ▁resistance ▁can ▁use ▁write - once , ▁ant if use ▁F PG As ▁from ▁vend ors ▁such ▁as ▁Mic ros emi . ▁ ▁With ▁its ▁Str at ix ▁ 1 0 ▁F PG As ▁and ▁So C s , ▁Al tera ▁introduced ▁a ▁Sec ure ▁Device ▁Manager ▁and ▁phys ically ▁un clone able ▁functions ▁to ▁provide ▁high ▁levels ▁of ▁protection ▁against ▁physical ▁attacks . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁research ers ▁Serge i ▁Sk or ob og at ov ▁and ▁Christopher ▁Wood s ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁F PG As ▁can ▁be ▁vulner able ▁to ▁host ile ▁intent . ▁They ▁discovered ▁a ▁critical ▁back door ▁vulner ability ▁had ▁been ▁manufact ured ▁in ▁sil icon ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Act el / M ic ros emi ▁Pro As ic ▁ 3 ▁making ▁it ▁vulner able ▁on ▁many ▁levels ▁such ▁as ▁re programming ▁c rypto ▁and ▁access ▁keys , ▁accessing ▁un enc rypted ▁bit stream , ▁modifying ▁low - level ▁sil icon ▁features , ▁and ▁extract ing ▁configuration ▁data . ▁ ▁App lications ▁▁ ▁An ▁F P GA ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁solve ▁any ▁problem ▁which ▁is ▁comput able . ▁This ▁is ▁trivial ly