8 9 ) ▁F ole y , ▁Edward ▁B . ▁Ball ot ▁Batt les : ▁The ▁History ▁of ▁Dis put ed ▁E lections ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( O x ford ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ). ▁x iv , ▁ 4 7 9 ▁pp . ▁Gra ff , ▁Henry ▁F ., ▁ed . ▁The ▁Pres idents : ▁A ▁Reference ▁History ▁( 3 rd ▁ed . ▁ 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁online , ▁short ▁scholar ly ▁bi ograph ies ▁from ▁George ▁Washington ▁to ▁William ▁Cl inton . ▁Kle pp ner , ▁Paul , ▁ed . ▁The ▁evolution ▁of ▁American ▁elect oral ▁systems ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁exper ts ▁review ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁to ▁ 5 th ▁party ▁systems .. ▁Sch lo z man , ▁Daniel . ▁When ▁Mov ements ▁An chor ▁Part ies : ▁Elect oral ▁Al ign ments ▁in ▁American ▁History ▁( Pr inc eton ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁x iv , ▁ 2 6 7 ▁pp . ▁Schles inger , ▁Jr ., ▁Arthur ▁Me ier ▁ed . ▁History ▁of ▁American ▁President ial ▁E lections , ▁ 1 7 8 9 – 2 0 0 0 ▁( vari ous ▁mult iv ol ume ▁ed itions , ▁latest ▁is ▁ 2 0 0 1 ). ▁For ▁each ▁election ▁includes ▁history ▁and ▁selection ▁of ▁primary ▁documents . ▁Ess ays ▁on ▁some ▁elections ▁are ▁repr int ed ▁in ▁Schles inger , ▁The ▁Com ing ▁to ▁Power : ▁Crit ical ▁president ial ▁elections