ians ▁have ▁long ▁deb ated ▁why ▁no ▁Labor ▁Party ▁emer ged ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁Western ▁Europe . ▁ ▁Fif th ▁and ▁Six th ▁Party ▁Systems ▁since ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁ ▁The ▁Fif th ▁Party ▁System ▁emer ged ▁with ▁the ▁New ▁De al ▁coal ition ▁beginning ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 .< ref > Rich ard ▁J ensen , ▁" The ▁Last ▁Party ▁System : ▁Dec ay ▁of ▁Cons ensus , ▁ 1 9 3 2 – 1 9 8 0 ," ▁in ▁Paul ▁Kle pp ner ▁et ▁al ., ▁The ▁E volution ▁of ▁American ▁Elect oral ▁Systems ▁( Green wood , ▁ 1 9 8 1 ), ▁pp . ▁ 2 0 5 – 0 6 .</ ref > ▁The ▁Republic ans ▁began ▁losing ▁support ▁after ▁the ▁Great ▁De pression , ▁giving ▁rise ▁to ▁Democratic ▁President ▁Franklin ▁D . ▁Ro ose vel t ▁and ▁the ▁activ ist ▁New ▁De al . ▁They ▁promoted ▁American ▁liberal ism , ▁anch ored ▁in ▁a ▁coal ition ▁of ▁specific ▁liberal ▁groups , ▁especially ▁eth no - rel ig ious ▁constitu encies ▁( C athol ics , ▁Jews , ▁African ▁Americans ), ▁white ▁Southern ers , ▁well - organ ized ▁labor ▁un ions , ▁urban ▁machines , ▁progress ive ▁intellect uals , ▁and ▁popul ist ▁farm ▁groups . ▁ ▁O pp osition ▁Republic ans ▁were ▁split ▁between ▁a ▁conserv ative ▁wing , ▁led ▁by ▁Ohio ▁Senator ▁Robert ▁A . ▁T aft , ▁and ▁a ▁more ▁successful ▁moder ate ▁wing ▁exempl