▁effect ▁of ▁pac ed ▁irrelevant ▁sound , ▁is ▁indic ative ▁of ▁motor ▁feedback ▁from ▁the ▁t apping ▁task ▁dis rupt ing ▁re he ars al ▁and ▁storage . ▁ ▁E ight ▁different ▁effects ▁are ▁generally ▁seen ▁in ▁serial ▁recall ▁studies ▁with ▁humans : ▁▁▁ 1 . ▁List ▁length ▁effect ▁Serial ▁recall ▁ability ▁decre ases ▁as ▁the ▁length ▁of ▁the ▁list ▁or ▁sequence ▁increases . ▁▁▁ 2 . ▁Prim acy ▁and ▁rec ency ▁effects ▁Prim acy ▁effects ▁refer ▁to ▁better ▁recall ▁of ▁items ▁earlier ▁in ▁the ▁sequence , ▁while ▁rec ency ▁effects ▁refer ▁to ▁better ▁recall ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁few ▁items . ▁ ▁Rec ency ▁effects ▁are ▁seen ▁more ▁with ▁aud itory ▁stim uli ▁rather ▁than ▁ver bal ▁stim uli ▁as ▁aud itory ▁presentation ▁seems ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁lists ▁from ▁output ▁inter ference . ▁▁▁ 3 . ▁Trans position ▁grad ients ▁Trans position ▁grad ients ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁recall ▁tends ▁to ▁be ▁better ▁to ▁recognize ▁what ▁an ▁item ▁is ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁items ▁in ▁a ▁sequence . ▁▁▁ 4 . ▁Item ▁confusion ▁errors ▁When ▁an ▁item ▁is ▁incorrectly ▁re called , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁t endency ▁to ▁respond ▁with ▁an ▁item ▁that ▁res emb les ▁the ▁original ▁item ▁in ▁that ▁position . ▁▁▁ 5 . ▁Rep et ition ▁errors ▁These ▁occur ▁during ▁the ▁recall ▁of ▁a ▁sequence ▁when ▁an ▁item ▁from ▁an ▁earlier ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁sequence ▁is ▁given ▁again ▁in ▁another ▁position . ▁ ▁This ▁effect ▁is ▁fairly ▁rare ▁in ▁humans . ▁▁▁ 6 . ▁F ill