▁compet encies ▁and ▁management . ▁Seven ▁cross - cut ting ▁them es ▁were ▁included : ▁children , ▁older ▁people , ▁disabled ▁people , ▁gender , ▁protection , ▁H IV / A ID S ▁and ▁the ▁environment . ▁ ▁Third ▁edition ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁edition ▁placed ▁a ▁stronger ▁emphas is ▁on ▁protection ▁and ▁safety ▁of ▁affected ▁populations . ▁Dis aster ▁risk ▁reduction ▁and ▁early ▁recovery ▁are ▁main stream ed ▁reflect ing ▁the ▁emer ging ▁challeng es ▁of ▁climate ▁change ▁and ▁environmental ▁de grad ation . ▁Reference ▁is ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁adaptation ▁to ▁urban ▁context s . ▁The ▁technical ▁chap ters ▁were ▁re vised ▁to ▁show ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁greater ▁system - wide ▁prepared ness , ▁coord ination ▁and ▁technical ▁quality . ▁For ▁example , ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁recognition ▁of ▁the ▁need ▁to ▁support ▁and ▁strength en ▁local ▁health ▁systems , ▁to ▁provide ▁standards ▁around ▁trans itional ▁longer - term ▁reconst ruction , ▁and ▁to ▁develop ▁a ▁more ▁integrated ▁approach ▁to ▁the ▁prevent ion ▁and ▁treatment ▁of ▁mal nut r ition ▁that ▁addresses ▁wider ▁causes ▁such ▁as ▁pover ty ▁and ▁liv elihood s ▁in ▁emer gen cies . ▁ ▁Four th ▁edition ▁ ▁The ▁fourth ▁edition ▁has ▁a ▁greater ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁local ▁authorities ▁and ▁communities ▁as ▁actors ▁of ▁their ▁own ▁recovery . ▁More ▁emphas is ▁has ▁been ▁placed ▁on ▁context ▁analysis ▁to ▁apply ▁standards . ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁updated ▁standards ▁in ▁areas ▁such ▁as ▁W ASH , ▁pal li ative ▁care ▁in ▁health , ▁security ▁of