▁of ▁the ▁E AC , ▁left ▁CO ME SA ▁and ▁joined ▁S AD C ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁This ▁multiple ▁and ▁confusing ▁membership ▁creates ▁dup lication ▁and ▁sometimes ▁competition ▁in ▁activities , ▁while ▁placing ▁additional ▁bur dens ▁on ▁already ▁over - st retch ed ▁foreign ▁affairs ▁staff ▁to ▁attend ▁all ▁the ▁various ▁summ its ▁and ▁other ▁meet ings . ▁It ▁ev okes ▁a ▁phenomen on ▁called ▁Sp agh etti ▁bow l ▁effect . ▁ ▁Moreover , ▁there ▁are ▁additional ▁regional ▁economic ▁co operation ▁bodies ▁not ▁officially ▁recogn ised ▁by ▁the ▁African ▁Union ▁as ▁RE C s , ▁including : ▁▁ ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁Mon et ary ▁Community ▁of ▁Central ▁Africa ▁( CE MA C ) ▁ ▁West ▁African ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁Mon et ary ▁Union ▁( UE MO A / WA EM U ) ▁ ▁Econom ic ▁Community ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁L akes ▁Count ries ▁( CE P GL ) ▁▁ ▁Indian ▁Ocean ▁Commission ▁( IO C ) ▁ ▁M ano ▁River ▁Union ▁( MR U ) ▁ ▁Southern ▁African ▁Custom s ▁Union ▁( S AC U ) ▁ ▁Other ▁regional ▁co operation ▁structures ▁not ▁necessarily ▁focused ▁on ▁economic ▁integration ▁also ▁have ▁some ▁over la pping ▁authority , ▁including : ▁▁ ▁peace ▁and ▁security ▁agre ements , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁International ▁Conference ▁on ▁the ▁Great ▁L akes ▁Region ▁( IC GL R / C IR GL ); ▁and ▁ ▁river ▁bas in ▁management ▁agre ements , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁ ▁Sen eg al ▁River ▁Bas in ▁Development ▁Author ity ▁(