▁hard ened ▁paths . ▁Norm ally ▁they ▁dig ▁vertical ▁ ▁t unn els ▁in ▁the ▁ground , ▁with ▁a ▁circular ▁entrance ▁surrounded ▁by ▁a ▁cone ▁of ▁earth . ▁In ▁most ▁cases ▁a ▁single ▁female ▁of ▁Hal ict us ▁sc ab ios ae ▁use ▁a ▁single ▁nest , ▁but ▁sometimes ▁they ▁have ▁a ▁primitive ▁social ▁organization , ▁with ▁multiple ▁females ▁reprodu cing ▁in ▁a ▁common ▁nest . ▁This ▁primitive ▁species ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁e uso cial , ▁with ▁smaller ▁females ▁acting ▁as ▁workers . ▁They ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁nest ▁at ▁a ▁particular ▁site ▁in ▁many ▁colon ies . ▁ ▁This ▁species ▁▁ ▁may ▁have ▁several ▁gener ations ▁per ▁year . ▁Fem ales ▁usually ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁April ▁after ▁hi bern ation , ▁while ▁males ▁and ▁new ▁females ▁appear ▁in ▁July . ▁These ▁be es ▁feed ▁on ▁ne ct ar ▁and ▁pol len ▁of ▁various ▁flowers , ▁especially ▁on ▁A ster aceae ▁species . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Bi ol ib ▁ ▁Disc over ▁Life ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Brand , ▁N . ▁and ▁M . ▁Chap uis at . ▁( 2 0 1 3 ). ▁Born ▁to ▁be ▁be e , ▁fed ▁to ▁be ▁worker ? ▁The ▁cas te ▁system ▁of ▁a ▁primit ively ▁e uso cial ▁insect . ▁Front iers ▁in ▁Zo ology ▁ 9 : 3 5 . ▁L ien hard , ▁A ., ▁et ▁al . ▁( 2 0 1 0 ). ▁Trade - off ▁between ▁for aging ▁activity ▁and ▁inf est ation ▁by ▁nest ▁par as