▁thought ▁to ▁account ▁for ▁the ▁superior ity ▁of ▁the ▁recognition ▁process ▁over ▁recall . ▁ ▁Rec ogn ition ▁only ▁involves ▁one ▁process ▁in ▁which ▁error ▁or ▁failure ▁may ▁occur , ▁while ▁recall ▁involves ▁two . ▁ ▁However , ▁recall ▁has ▁been ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁superior ▁to ▁recognition ▁in ▁some ▁cases , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁failure ▁to ▁recognize ▁words ▁that ▁can ▁later ▁be ▁re called . ▁ ▁Another ▁two ▁stage ▁theory ▁holds ▁that ▁free ▁recall ▁of ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁items ▁begins ▁with ▁the ▁content ▁in ▁working ▁memory ▁and ▁then ▁moves ▁to ▁an ▁associ ative ▁search ▁ ▁Enc oding ▁specific ity ▁The ▁theory ▁of ▁encoding ▁specific ity ▁finds ▁similar ities ▁between ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁recognition ▁and ▁that ▁of ▁recall . ▁ ▁The ▁encoding ▁specific ity ▁principle ▁states ▁that ▁memory ▁util izes ▁information ▁from ▁the ▁memory ▁trace , ▁or ▁the ▁situation ▁in ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁learned , ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁environment ▁in ▁which ▁it ▁is ▁retrieved . ▁In ▁other ▁words , ▁memory ▁is ▁improved ▁when ▁information ▁available ▁at ▁encoding ▁is ▁also ▁available ▁at ▁retr ieval . ▁For ▁example , ▁if ▁one ▁is ▁to ▁learn ▁about ▁a ▁topic ▁and ▁study ▁it ▁in ▁a ▁specific ▁location , ▁but ▁take ▁their ▁exam ▁in ▁a ▁different ▁setting , ▁they ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁had ▁as ▁much ▁of ▁a ▁successful ▁memory ▁recall ▁as ▁if ▁they ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁location ▁that ▁they ▁learned ▁and ▁studied ▁the ▁topic ▁in . ▁ ▁Enc oding ▁specific ity ▁helps ▁to ▁take ▁into ▁account ▁context ▁c ues ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁retr ieval ▁environment , ▁and