▁ ▁References ▁ ▁ram os iss imum <0x0A> </s> ▁Jean - Ph ili ppe ▁L ec at ▁( 2 9 ▁July ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁– ▁ 2 6 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁politician . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁É cole ▁nationale ▁d ' admin istration ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁Between ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁Democr ats ▁for ▁the ▁Republic ▁and ▁between ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁R ally ▁for ▁the ▁Republic . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁sp okes man ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁government . ▁From ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁Minister ▁of ▁Information . ▁Finally , ▁he ▁was ▁between ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁Minister ▁of ▁Culture . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁death s ▁Category : S ci ences ▁Po ▁al umn i ▁Category : É cole ▁nationale ▁d ' admin istration ▁al umn i ▁Category : G overn ment ▁sp okes pers ons ▁of ▁France ▁Category : F rench ▁Minister s ▁of ▁Culture ▁Category : Min ister s ▁of ▁Information ▁of ▁France ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁D ij on