, ▁production , ▁use , ▁reuse , ▁rec y cling , ▁and ▁through ▁Environment ally ▁Pre fer able ▁P urch asing ▁( EP P ). ▁ ▁A ▁Life - cycle ▁assess ment ▁is ▁useful ▁to ▁help ▁choose ▁among ▁several ▁alternatives ▁and ▁options . ▁ ▁Source ▁reduction ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁Federal ▁Trade ▁Commission ▁offers ▁guidance ▁for ▁lab elling ▁claims : ▁" Source ▁reduction " ▁refers ▁to ▁reducing ▁or ▁lower ing ▁the ▁weight , ▁volume ▁or ▁to x icity ▁of ▁a ▁product ▁or ▁package . ▁To ▁avoid ▁being ▁mis leading , ▁source ▁reduction ▁claims ▁must ▁qual ify ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁the ▁source ▁reduction ▁and ▁give ▁the ▁basis ▁for ▁any ▁comparison ▁that ▁is ▁made . ▁These ▁principles ▁apply ▁regardless ▁of ▁whether ▁a ▁term ▁like ▁" source ▁reduced " ▁is ▁used . ▁ ▁The ▁Massachusetts ▁To x ics ▁Use ▁Red u ction ▁Program ▁( T UR A ) ▁offers ▁ 6 ▁strateg ies ▁to ▁achieve ▁source ▁reduction : ▁ ▁To xic ▁chemical ▁substitution ▁ ▁Production ▁process ▁modification ▁ ▁Fin ished ▁product ▁reform ulation ▁ ▁Production ▁modern ization ▁ ▁Im prov ements ▁in ▁operations ▁and ▁maintenance ▁ ▁In - process ▁rec y cling ▁of ▁production ▁material ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Bi op last ic ▁M ini w aste ▁Pre - w aste ▁S ust ain able ▁pack aging ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁National ▁Pol l ution ▁Pre vention ▁Information ▁Center ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Pol l ution ▁Pre vention ▁Regional ▁Information ▁Center ▁N P PR ▁Find s ▁P 2