son ▁v ort ices ▁in ▁S NS ▁Joseph son ▁j unction s ▁are ▁character ized ▁by ▁cores ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁correl ations ▁are ▁suppress ed ▁by ▁destruct ive ▁quantum ▁inter ference ▁and ▁the ▁normal ▁state ▁is ▁recovered . ▁However , ▁unlike ▁Ab rik os ov ▁cores , ▁having ▁a ▁size ▁~ ξ , ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁the ▁Joseph son ▁ones ▁is ▁not ▁defined ▁by ▁micro scop ic ▁parameters ▁only . ▁R ather , ▁it ▁depends ▁on ▁super curr ents ▁circul ating ▁in ▁super con duct ing ▁electro des , ▁applied ▁magnetic ▁field ▁etc . ▁In ▁Super con duct or - In s ulator - Super con duct or ▁( S IS ) ▁ ▁Joseph son ▁tunnel ▁j unction s ▁the ▁cores ▁are ▁not ▁expected ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁specific ▁spectral ▁signature ; ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁observed . ▁ ▁Usually ▁the ▁Joseph son ▁vor tex ' s ▁super current ▁loops ▁create ▁a ▁magnetic ▁flux ▁which ▁equals , ▁in ▁long ▁enough ▁Joseph son ▁j unction s , ▁to ▁ Φ 0 — a ▁single ▁flux ▁quantum . ▁Yet ▁fraction al ▁v ort ices ▁may ▁also ▁exist ▁in ▁Super con duct or - F er romagnet - Super con duct or ▁Joseph son ▁j unction s ▁or ▁in ▁j unction s ▁in ▁which ▁super con duct ing ▁phase ▁dis continu ities ▁are ▁present . ▁It ▁was ▁demonstrated ▁by ▁Hil gen k amp ▁et ▁al . ▁that ▁Joseph son ▁v ort ices ▁in ▁the ▁so - called ▁ 0 - π ▁Long ▁Joseph son ▁J unction s ▁can