ition , ▁learning / memory , ▁court ship , ▁pain , ▁and ▁other ▁processes , ▁such ▁as ▁lon ge vity . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁pione ering ▁work ▁of ▁Alfred ▁Henry ▁St ur te v ant ▁ ▁and ▁others , ▁Ben zer ▁and ▁colle agues ▁used ▁sexual ▁m osa ics ▁to ▁develop ▁a ▁novel ▁fate ▁mapping ▁technique . ▁This ▁technique ▁made ▁it ▁possible ▁to ▁assign ▁a ▁particular ▁characteristic ▁to ▁a ▁specific ▁an atom ical ▁location . ▁For ▁example , ▁this ▁technique ▁showed ▁that ▁male ▁court ship ▁behavior ▁is ▁controlled ▁by ▁the ▁brain . ▁M osa ic ▁fate ▁mapping ▁also ▁provided ▁the ▁first ▁indic ation ▁of ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁ph er om ones ▁in ▁this ▁species . ▁M ales ▁distinguish ▁between ▁cons pec ific ▁males ▁and ▁females ▁and ▁direct ▁persistent ▁court ship ▁prefer entially ▁toward ▁females ▁thanks ▁to ▁a ▁female - specific ▁sex ▁ph er om one ▁which ▁is ▁mostly ▁produced ▁by ▁the ▁female ' s ▁ter g ites . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁learning ▁and ▁memory ▁mut ants ▁( d un ce , ▁r ut ab aga , ▁etc .) ▁were ▁isolated ▁by ▁William ▁" Ch ip " ▁Qu inn ▁while ▁in ▁Ben zer ' s ▁lab , ▁and ▁were ▁eventually ▁shown ▁to ▁encode ▁components ▁of ▁an ▁int rac ell ular ▁signal ing ▁path way ▁involving ▁cy clic ▁A MP , ▁protein ▁kin ase ▁A , ▁and ▁a ▁trans cription ▁factor ▁known ▁as ▁C RE B . ▁These ▁mole cules ▁were ▁shown ▁to ▁be ▁also ▁involved ▁in ▁syn apt ic ▁pl astic ity ▁in ▁Ap