▁port ▁was ▁less ▁than ▁half ▁of ▁what ▁it ▁had ▁been ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 0 . ▁ ▁C off ee ▁production ▁and ▁the ▁transfer ▁of ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Court ▁to ▁Brazil ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 8 ▁again ▁brought ▁prosper ity ▁to ▁the ▁col ony . ▁By ▁ 1 8 1 5 , ▁when ▁Brazil ▁became ▁a ▁kingdom , ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro ▁was ▁large ▁enough ▁to ▁accommod ate ▁a ▁foreign ▁population . ▁At ▁about ▁that ▁time ▁the ▁city ' s ▁original ▁appearance ▁was ▁being ▁transformed ; ▁from ▁ 1 8 0 8 ▁to ▁ 1 8 1 8 ▁some ▁ 6 0 0 ▁houses ▁and ▁ 1 0 0 ▁country ▁houses ▁were ▁built ▁and ▁older ▁buildings ▁were ▁restored . ▁Many ▁streets ▁were ▁light ed ▁and ▁p aved , ▁more ▁land ▁was ▁rec laimed , ▁new ▁roads ▁were ▁opened , ▁and ▁new ▁public ▁f ount ains ▁were ▁installed . ▁Among ▁new ▁institutions ▁established ▁were ▁the ▁Royal ▁Press , ▁the ▁Royal ▁Library , ▁the ▁Theatre ▁of ▁Saint ▁John , ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts , ▁the ▁Botan ical ▁Garden , ▁and ▁the ▁Bank ▁of ▁Brazil . ▁When ▁King ▁John ▁VI ▁returned ▁to ▁Portugal ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 1 , ▁Rio ▁had ▁almost ▁ 1 1 3 , 0 0 0 ▁inhabitants ▁and ▁ 1 3 , 5 0 0 ▁buildings , ▁and ▁the ▁town ▁had ▁extended ▁both ▁north ward ▁and ▁south ward . ▁A ▁year ▁later ▁Brazil ▁was ▁independent . ▁ ▁Exp ansion ▁of ▁coffee ▁plant ations ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro