▁statistics . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁those ▁cens uses ▁and ▁surve ys , ▁many ▁continuous ▁publications ▁on ▁economic , ▁social ▁and ▁cultural ▁subjects ▁were ▁published ▁by ▁this ▁inst itute ▁to ▁provide ▁necessary ▁information . ▁ ▁Social ▁re forms ▁ ▁Some ▁social ▁institutions ▁had ▁religious ▁over ton es , ▁and ▁held ▁considerable ▁influence ▁over ▁public ▁life . ▁Social ▁change ▁also ▁included ▁centuries ▁old ▁religious ▁social ▁structures ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁deeply ▁root ed ▁within ▁the ▁society , ▁some ▁were ▁established ▁within ▁the ▁state ▁organisation ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁The ▁K em al ist ▁re forms ▁brought ▁effective ▁social ▁change ▁on ▁women ' s ▁suff rage . ▁ ▁Public ▁sphere ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁public ▁sphere ▁religious ▁groups ▁ex ert ed ▁their ▁power . ▁Public ▁sphere ▁is ▁an ▁area ▁in ▁social ▁life ▁where ▁individuals ▁ ▁together ▁to ▁freely ▁discuss ▁and ▁identify ▁soci etal ▁problems , ▁and ▁through ▁that ▁discussion ▁influence ▁political ▁action . ▁It ▁is ▁" a ▁disc ursive ▁space ▁in ▁which ▁individuals ▁and ▁groups ▁con greg ate ▁to ▁discuss ▁matters ▁of ▁mut ual ▁interest ▁and , ▁where ▁possible , ▁to ▁reach ▁a ▁common ▁judgment ." ▁At at ür k ' s ▁Re forms ▁target ▁the ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁public ▁space . ▁ ▁The ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁sec ular ▁nation - state ▁was ▁a ▁huge ▁enter prise ▁in ▁a ▁conserv ative ▁Muslim ▁society , ▁though ▁At at ür k ▁Re forms ▁benefit ▁from ▁the ▁elaborate ▁blue print s ▁for ▁a ▁future ▁society ▁prepared ▁by ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁pro ponents ▁of ▁scient ism ▁during ▁the