▁installed ▁vent ilation ▁systems . ▁They ▁also ▁determined ▁that ▁even ▁properly ▁function ing ▁systems ▁" are ▁not ▁subst it utes ▁for ▁sm oking ▁b ans ▁in ▁cont rolling ▁environmental ▁smoke ▁expos ure ". ▁ ▁The ▁to b acco ▁industry ▁has ▁focused ▁on ▁propos ing ▁vent ilation ▁as ▁an ▁alternative ▁to ▁smoke - free ▁laws , ▁though ▁this ▁approach ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁widely ▁adopted ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁because ▁" in ▁the ▁end , ▁it ▁is ▁simpler , ▁che aper , ▁and ▁health ier ▁to ▁end ▁sm oking ". ▁The ▁Italian ▁smoke - free ▁law ▁ban ▁perm its ▁dedicated ▁sm oking ▁rooms ▁with ▁automatic ▁doors ▁and ▁smoke ▁extract ors . ▁Nevertheless , ▁few ▁Italian ▁establish ments ▁are ▁creating ▁sm oking ▁rooms ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁additional ▁cost . ▁ ▁A ▁land mark ▁report ▁from ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Sur geon ▁General ▁found ▁that ▁even ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁elaborate ▁vent ilation ▁systems ▁and ▁sm oking ▁rooms ▁fail ▁to ▁provide ▁protection ▁from ▁the ▁health ▁ha z ards ▁of ▁second - hand ▁smoke , ▁since ▁there ▁is ▁" no ▁safe ▁level ▁of ▁second - hand ▁smoke ". ▁ ▁Pre em ption ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁states ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁have ▁" pre em ption ▁cla uses " ▁within ▁state ▁law ▁which ▁block ▁local ▁communities ▁from ▁passing ▁smoke - free ▁ordin ances ▁more ▁strict ▁than ▁the ▁state ▁laws ▁on ▁the ▁books . ▁The ▁r ationale ▁is ▁to ▁prevent ▁local ▁communities ▁from ▁passing ▁smoke - free ▁ordin ances ▁which ▁are ▁viewed ▁as ▁excess ive ▁by ▁that ▁state