▁took ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁towns ▁that ▁inhab ited ▁the ▁I ber ian ▁pen ins ula ▁since ▁long ▁before ▁their ▁arrival and ▁foundation ▁of ▁colon ies ▁in ▁America , ▁generating ▁there ▁their ▁own ▁characteristics ▁and ▁ways ▁of ▁dom ination ▁from ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁mest izo ▁society . ▁ ▁This ▁" rad i ography " ▁un ra vel s ▁the ▁ess ence ▁of ▁Latin ▁American ▁countries ▁and ▁allows ▁us ▁to ▁understand ▁why , ▁despite ▁their ▁various ▁assets ▁- im mense ▁natural ▁wealth , ▁great ▁cities ▁but ▁also ▁its ▁tour ism , ▁agricult ural , ▁liv est ock ▁and ▁fish ing ▁potential , ▁etc . ▁- , ▁they ▁continue ▁to ▁generate ▁so ▁many ▁social ▁in equal ities . ▁It ▁also ▁helps ▁to ▁understand ▁why ▁cor ruption ▁and ▁under development ▁are ▁en demic ▁problems ▁that ▁have ▁not ▁been ▁overcome . ▁Gu ill én ▁shows ▁where ▁the ▁problem ▁is ▁and ▁tries ▁to ▁ar ouse ▁public ▁attention ▁to ▁end ▁a ▁situation ▁of ▁human ▁in iqu ity ▁that ▁is ▁un par alle led ▁in ▁the ▁whole ▁course ▁of ▁world ▁history . ▁ ▁Gu ill én ▁was ▁a ▁pro l ific ▁research er , ▁journalist , ▁historian , ▁soci ologist ▁and ▁ess ay ist , ▁author ▁of ▁well - known ▁works ▁such ▁as ▁El ▁secre to ▁y ▁la ▁im agen [ 1 ] ▁() ▁( The ▁Secret ▁and ▁the ▁Image , ▁ess ay ); ▁La ▁tor re ▁y ▁la ▁pla za [ 2 ] ▁( The ▁tower ▁and ▁the ▁square ); ▁Est ruct ura ▁hist ór ica , ▁social ▁y