int ensive ▁agricult ural ▁product ▁that ▁require ▁har vest ing ▁by ▁hand ▁at ▁peak ▁rip eness . ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁maintain ▁product ▁quality ▁at ▁point ▁of ▁sale , ▁har v ested ▁g rap es ▁must ▁be ▁sorted , ▁pack aged ▁and ▁co o led ▁to ▁near ▁ 0   ° C ▁as ▁quickly ▁as ▁possible . ▁Transport ation ▁in ▁vent il ated ▁and ▁temperature ▁controlled ▁environments ▁requires ▁significant ▁invest ment ▁in ▁processing ▁facilities , ▁sh ipping ▁and ▁log istics . ▁As ▁the ▁production ▁cycle ▁for ▁table ▁g rap es ▁is ▁relatively ▁long ▁compared ▁with ▁other ▁fruit , ▁with ▁new ▁plant ations ▁taking ▁ 2 – 3 ▁years ▁to ▁become ▁product ive , ▁export ▁production ▁and ▁promotion ▁is ▁often ▁concentr ated ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁large ▁vert ically ▁integrated ▁commercial ▁enter pr ises ▁or ▁producer - ex porter ▁associations ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁F ruit ▁Ex por ters ▁Association ▁of ▁Chile ▁( AS O EX ). ▁ ▁North ▁America ▁and ▁Europe ▁Table ▁g rap es ▁commonly ▁sold ▁in ▁North ▁American ▁and ▁European ▁mark ets ▁include ▁S ult ana ▁( Th om pson ▁Se ed less ), ▁Fl ame , ▁Mus cat , ▁Al mer ia , ▁Ni ag ara ▁and ▁Con cord . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁California ▁remains ▁the ▁largest ▁single ▁producer ▁of ▁table ▁g rap es ▁with ▁over ▁ 8 5 , 0 0 0 ▁acres ▁under ▁cultiv ation . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁US DA ▁over ▁ 7 0 ▁vari et als ▁are ▁grown ▁in ▁the ▁state , ▁but ▁the ▁bulk