▁need ▁for ▁co operation . ▁That ▁vision ▁also ▁affected ▁the ▁main stream ▁Pres by ter ian ▁churches , ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 0 s ▁it ▁had ▁been ▁assim il ated ▁by ▁the ▁established ▁Church ▁of ▁Scotland . ▁Chal mers ' s ▁ide als ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁the ▁church ▁was ▁concerned ▁with ▁the ▁problems ▁of ▁urban ▁society , ▁and ▁they ▁represented ▁a ▁real ▁attempt ▁to ▁overcome ▁the ▁social ▁fragment ation ▁that ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁industrial ▁towns ▁and ▁cities . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁the ▁major ▁deb ates ▁were ▁between ▁fundamental ist ▁Cal vin ists ▁and ▁the ological ▁liber als , ▁who ▁rejected ▁a ▁literal ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁Bible . ▁This ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁further ▁split ▁in ▁the ▁Free ▁Church ▁as ▁the ▁rig id ▁Cal vin ists ▁broke ▁away ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁Free ▁Pres by ter ian ▁Church ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 . ▁There ▁were , ▁however , ▁also ▁moves ▁towards ▁re union , ▁beginning ▁with ▁the ▁un ification ▁of ▁some ▁se cess ion ist ▁churches ▁into ▁the ▁United ▁Sec ession ▁Church ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 0 , ▁which ▁un ited ▁with ▁the ▁Rel ief ▁Church ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 7 ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁United ▁Pres by ter ian ▁Church , ▁which ▁in ▁turn ▁joined ▁with ▁the ▁Free ▁Church ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁United ▁Free ▁Church ▁of ▁Scotland . ▁The ▁removal ▁of ▁legisl ation ▁on ▁lay ▁patron age ▁would ▁allow ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁Free ▁Church ▁to ▁re join