) ▁and ▁contributed ▁to ▁its ▁defense . ▁The ▁increased ▁local ▁organization ▁of ▁the ▁def enses ▁would ▁ultimately ▁und erm ine ▁metropol itan ▁authority ▁and ▁bol ster ▁the ▁independence ▁movement . ▁ ▁New ▁roads ▁In ▁the ▁last ▁dec ades ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁the ▁Spanish ▁set ▁out ▁to ▁build ▁roads ▁between ▁strateg ic ▁places ▁in ▁the ▁coast . ▁One ▁such ▁road , ▁Ca ic ume o , ▁connected ▁the ▁" city - fort " ▁of ▁An c ud ▁with ▁Castro . ▁Another ▁large ▁road ▁was ▁project ed ▁to ▁connect ▁Val div ia ▁with ▁the ▁settlement s ▁at ▁the ▁northern ▁sh ores ▁of ▁Ch ac ao ▁Channel ▁providing ▁a ▁path way ▁for ▁reci pro cal ▁military ▁aid . ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 7 8 8 ▁the ▁Governor ▁of ▁Val div ia ▁Mar iano ▁P uster la ▁sent ▁an ▁expedition ▁to ▁traverse ▁the ▁Hu ill iche - ru led ▁territ ories ▁to ▁reach ▁Ch ilo é . ▁The ▁expedition ▁pre ved ▁successful ▁and ▁by ▁February ▁ 1 7 8 9 ▁the ▁men ▁were ▁back ▁in ▁Val div ia . ▁P uster la ▁subsequently ▁arranged ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁path ▁to ▁Ch ilo é , ▁in ▁particularly ▁to ▁w iden ▁it ▁at ▁places ▁is ▁was ▁a ▁narrow ▁path ▁along ▁for ests . ▁In ▁a ▁parliament ▁with ▁local ▁C un cos ▁and ▁Hu ill ich es ▁P uster la ▁assured ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁path ▁along ▁there ▁would ▁not ▁imply ▁a ▁re est ab lish ment ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Os orno . ▁However ▁the ▁trans