▁Co pper ▁personnel ▁reported ▁a ▁figure ▁of ▁ 0 . 4 3 ▁man - h ours / t ▁for ▁the ▁H uel va ▁ref in ery ▁in ▁Spain ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁ ▁no ▁susp ension ▁loops ▁– ▁the ▁susp ension ▁loops ▁of ▁st arter ▁sheets ▁can ▁cor ro de ▁and ▁thus ▁cause ▁cutting ▁of ▁the ▁electro ly t ic ▁cell ▁lin ers . ▁The ▁lack ▁of ▁susp ension ▁loops ▁also ▁makes ▁c rane ▁handling ▁easier ▁ ▁improved ▁c ath ode ▁quality ▁– ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁straight ▁c ath ode ▁pl ates , ▁which ▁elimin ates ▁short - circ uit ing , ▁and ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁b ends ▁and ▁other ▁surface ▁irregular ities ▁reduces ▁the ▁capture ▁of ▁cont amin ants ▁such ▁as ▁floating ▁ar sen ic , ▁ant im ony ▁and ▁b ism uth ▁and ▁other ▁sl imes ▁comp ounds . ▁The ▁elim ination ▁of ▁the ▁st arter - sheet ▁susp ension ▁loops ▁also ▁improved ▁c ath ode ▁quality . ▁In ▁S X – E W ▁operations , ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁st ain less - ste el ▁c ath ode ▁pl ates ▁elimin ates ▁lead ▁fla kes ▁and ▁other ▁de br is ▁from ▁the ▁c ath ode ▁co pper . ▁ ▁improved ▁current ▁efficiency ▁– ▁this ▁ar ises ▁both ▁from ▁elimin ating ▁short ▁circ uits ▁caused ▁by ▁bent ▁and ▁irregular ▁electro des ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁shorter ▁c ath ode ▁cycles ▁possible ▁with ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁re usable ▁c ath ode ▁pl ates . ▁Current ▁effic ien cies ▁of ▁over ▁