▁truly ▁ ▁stim ulated ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁non - prof itable ▁dru gs ; ▁the ▁act ▁also ▁has ▁been ▁critic ised ▁for ▁allowing ▁some ▁ph arma ce ut ical ▁companies ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁large ▁profit ▁of ▁dru gs ▁which ▁have ▁a ▁small ▁market ▁but ▁sell ▁for ▁a ▁high ▁price . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁European ▁Medic ines ▁Agency ▁gr ants ▁or phan ▁dru gs ▁market ▁access ▁to ▁all ▁member ▁states , ▁in ▁practice , ▁they ▁only ▁reach ▁the ▁market ▁when ▁a ▁member ▁state ▁dec ides ▁that ▁its ▁national ▁health ▁system ▁will ▁re im bur se ▁for ▁the ▁drug . ▁For ▁example , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ 4 4 ▁or phan ▁dru gs ▁reached ▁the ▁market ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁ 3 5 ▁in ▁Belg ium , ▁and ▁ 2 8 ▁in ▁Sweden , ▁while ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁ 3 5 ▁such ▁dru gs ▁reached ▁the ▁market ▁in ▁France ▁and ▁ 2 3 ▁in ▁Italy . ▁ ▁Though ▁not ▁techn ically ▁an ▁or phan ▁disease , ▁the ▁research ▁and ▁development ▁into ▁the ▁treatment ▁for ▁A ID S ▁has ▁been ▁heavily ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁Or phan ▁D rug ▁Act . ▁In ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁A ID S ▁ep ide mic ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁treatment ▁for ▁the ▁disease ▁was ▁often ▁acc red ited ▁to ▁a ▁believed ▁lack ▁of ▁commercial ▁base ▁for ▁a ▁medic ation ▁linked ▁to ▁H IV ▁in fection . ▁This ▁encourag ed ▁the ▁F DA ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁Or phan ▁D rug ▁Act ▁to ▁help ▁bol