ome ▁ 6 ). ▁The ▁last ▁possible ▁cause ▁of ▁T ND M , ▁the ▁mother ' s ▁gen es ▁are ▁affected ▁by ▁DNA ▁m eth yl ation ▁( D NA ▁m eth yl ation ▁is ▁the ▁process ▁in ▁which ▁m eth yl ▁groups ▁ ▁or ▁CH 3 - ▁are ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁DNA ▁mole c ule . ▁When ▁a ▁m eth yl ▁group ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁a ▁prom oter , ▁it ▁ ▁stops ▁gene ▁trans cription ). ▁In ▁previous ▁research , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁observed ▁the ▁invol vement ▁of ▁an ▁im print ed ▁gene ▁within ▁T ND M , ▁ ▁is ▁only ▁expressed ▁by ▁the ▁father ' s ▁gen etic ▁material ▁or ▁chrom os ome , ▁resulting ▁in ▁an ▁ ▁increased ▁expression ▁of ▁the ▁im print ed ▁gene ▁by ▁UP D ▁or ▁inherited ▁dup lication ▁that ▁leads ▁to ▁the ▁on set ▁of ▁di ab etes . ▁N umer ous ▁defect s ▁within ▁the ▁gen ome ▁can ▁lead ▁to ▁over - expression ▁of ▁the ▁father ' s ▁defect ed ▁gen es ▁in ▁the ▁chrom os ome ▁ 6 q 2 4 ▁region ▁and ▁result ▁in ▁T ND M . ▁However , ▁there ▁are ▁two ▁gen es ▁in ▁this ▁region ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁associated ▁with ▁T ND M : ▁ ▁Z AC ▁and ▁H Y MA I ▁Gen es ▁ ▁Z AC ▁is ▁a ▁z inc - f inger ▁protein ▁that ▁controls ▁apo pt osis ▁( program med ▁cell ▁death ) ▁and ▁cell ▁cycle ▁arrest ▁( cell ▁division ▁and ▁dup lication ▁of ▁DNA ▁stops ▁