; ▁and ▁a ▁square ▁or ▁rect angular ▁eye ▁orbit ▁shape . ▁A ▁relatively ▁small ▁pro gn ath ism ▁often ▁character izes ▁people ▁with ▁considerable ▁East ▁Asian ▁ancest ry ; ▁no ▁nas al ▁s ill ▁or ▁dam ; ▁an ▁o val - sh aped ▁nas al ▁cav ity ; ▁tent - sh aped ▁nas al ▁b ones ; ▁a ▁horses ho e - sh aped ▁pal ate ; ▁and ▁a ▁rounded ▁and ▁non - s lop ing ▁eye ▁orbit ▁shape . ▁Many ▁of ▁these ▁characteristics ▁are ▁only ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁frequency ▁among ▁particular ▁races : ▁their ▁presence ▁or ▁absence ▁of ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁does ▁not ▁automatically ▁class ify ▁an ▁individual ▁into ▁a ▁ra cial ▁group . ▁ ▁Er g onom ics ▁ ▁Today , ▁erg onom ics ▁profession als ▁apply ▁an ▁understanding ▁of ▁human ▁factors ▁to ▁the ▁design ▁of ▁equipment , ▁systems ▁and ▁working ▁methods ▁to ▁improve ▁comfort , ▁health , ▁safety , ▁and ▁product ivity . ▁This ▁includes ▁physical ▁erg onom ics ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁human ▁an atom y , ▁phys i ological ▁and ▁bio ▁mechanical ▁characteristics ; ▁cogn itive ▁erg onom ics ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁per ception , ▁memory , ▁reasoning , ▁motor ▁response ▁including ▁human – comput er ▁interaction , ▁mental ▁work loads , ▁decision ▁making , ▁sk illed ▁performance , ▁human ▁reli ability , ▁work ▁stress , ▁training , ▁and ▁user ▁experiences ; ▁organiz ational ▁erg onom ics ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁metrics ▁of ▁communication , ▁crew ▁resource ▁management , ▁work ▁design , ▁sched ules , ▁team work , ▁participation ,