, ▁wing ▁size , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁tied ▁to ▁fit ness . ▁Moreover , ▁developing ▁at ▁certain ▁low ▁temper atures ▁produces ▁proportion ally ▁large ▁wings ▁which ▁improve ▁flight ▁and ▁re product ive ▁performance ▁at ▁similarly ▁low ▁temper atures ▁( See ▁acc lim ation ). ▁ ▁While ▁certain ▁effects ▁of ▁development al ▁temperature , ▁like ▁body ▁size , ▁are ▁irre vers ible ▁in ▁e ct oth erm s , ▁others ▁can ▁be ▁revers ible . ▁When ▁D ros oph ila ▁mel an og aster ▁develop ▁at ▁cold ▁temper atures ▁they ▁will ▁have ▁greater ▁cold ▁toler ance , ▁but ▁if ▁cold - re ared ▁f lies ▁are ▁maintained ▁at ▁war mer ▁temper atures ▁their ▁cold ▁toler ance ▁decre ases ▁and ▁heat ▁toler ance ▁increases ▁over ▁time . ▁Because ▁insect s ▁typically ▁only ▁mate ▁in ▁a ▁specific ▁range ▁of ▁temper atures , ▁their ▁cold / he at ▁toler ance ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁trait ▁in ▁maxim izing ▁re product ive ▁output . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁tra its ▁described ▁above ▁are ▁expected ▁to ▁manifest ▁similarly ▁across ▁sex es , ▁development al ▁temperature ▁can ▁also ▁produce ▁sex - specific ▁effects ▁in ▁D . ▁mel an og aster ▁adult s . ▁▁ ▁Fem ales - ▁O var io le ▁number ▁is ▁significantly ▁affected ▁by ▁development al ▁temperature ▁in ▁D . ▁mel an og aster . ▁  E gg ▁size ▁is ▁also ▁affected ▁by ▁development al ▁temperature , ▁and ▁ex ac erb ated ▁when ▁both ▁parents ▁develop ▁at ▁warm ▁temper atures ▁( See ▁Mat ernal ▁effect ). ▁Under ▁stress ful