. ▁One ▁extreme ▁example ▁of ▁explo itation ▁of ▁Afr icans ▁during ▁this ▁period ▁is ▁the ▁Congo ▁Free ▁State , ▁admin ister ed ▁under ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁" company ▁rule ". ▁The ▁Bel gi ans , ▁under ▁Leopold ▁II ▁of ▁Belg ium , ▁allowed ▁business es ▁to ▁use ▁forced ▁labour ▁as ▁they ▁saw ▁fit . ▁The ▁brut al ▁conditions , ▁fam ine ▁and ▁disease ▁ended ▁in ▁the ▁death s ▁of ▁an ▁estimated ▁ 1 0 ▁million ▁Cong ol ese ▁between ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 8 . ▁ ▁Belg ian ▁government ▁comm issions ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁Belg ian ▁Congo ▁had ▁fallen ▁by ▁as ▁much ▁as ▁ 5 0 % ▁under ▁Congo ▁Free ▁State ▁rule ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁forced ▁labor ▁( larg ely ▁for ▁the ▁purposes ▁of ▁rub ber ▁cultiv ation ), ▁mass acre ▁by ▁colonial ▁troops , ▁fam ine ▁and ▁disease . ▁In ▁white ▁sett ler ▁colon ies ▁like ▁Al ger ia , ▁Ken ya , ▁Rh odes ia ▁( now ▁Z imb ab we ), ▁South ▁Africa ▁and ▁South west ▁Africa ▁( now ▁Nam ib ia ), ▁the ▁most ▁fert ile ▁lands ▁were ▁for ci b ly ▁ex prop ri ated ▁from ▁the ▁ind igen ous ▁populations ▁for ▁use ▁by ▁white ▁sett lers . ▁In ▁these ▁countries ▁African ▁far mers ▁were ▁pushed ▁onto ▁" native ▁res erves ," ▁usually ▁located ▁on ▁ar id , ▁marg inal ▁lands . ▁S la very ▁was ▁also ▁widely ▁abol ished ▁by