▁tongue ▁( T OT ) ▁state ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁per ception ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁gap ▁between ▁the ▁identification ▁or ▁knowledge ▁of ▁a ▁specific ▁subject ▁and ▁being ▁able ▁to ▁recall ▁descript ors ▁or ▁names ▁involving ▁said ▁subject . ▁This ▁phenomen on ▁is ▁also ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁' pres que ▁vu ', ▁a ▁French ▁term ▁meaning ▁" al most ▁seen ". ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁pre val ent ▁pers pect ives ▁of ▁T OT ▁states : ▁the ▁psych ol ingu istic ▁perspective ▁and ▁the ▁met ac ogn itive ▁perspective . ▁ ▁Psych ol ingu istics ▁views ▁T OT ▁states ▁as ▁a ▁failure ▁of ▁retr ieval ▁from ▁lex ical ▁memory ▁( see ▁C oh ort ▁Model ) ▁being ▁cu ed ▁by ▁semantic ▁memory ▁( fact s ). ▁Since ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁observed ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁frequency ▁of ▁T OT ▁states ▁with ▁age , ▁there ▁are ▁two ▁mechan isms ▁within ▁psych ol ingu istics ▁that ▁could ▁account ▁for ▁the ▁T OT ▁phenomen on . ▁The ▁first ▁is ▁the ▁de grad ation ▁of ▁lex ical ▁networks ▁with ▁age , ▁where ▁de grad ing ▁connections ▁between ▁the ▁prim ing ▁of ▁knowledge ▁and ▁voc ab ul ary ▁increases ▁difficulty ▁of ▁successfully ▁retr ieving ▁a ▁word ▁from ▁memory . ▁The ▁second ▁suggests ▁that ▁the ▁cul min ation ▁of ▁knowledge , ▁experience , ▁and ▁voc ab ul ary ▁with ▁age ▁results ▁in ▁a ▁similar ▁situation ▁where ▁many ▁connections ▁between ▁a ▁diverse ▁voc ab ul ary ▁and ▁diverse ▁knowledge ▁also ▁increases ▁the ▁difficulty ▁of ▁successful ▁retr ieval ▁of ▁a ▁word ▁from ▁memory . ▁