▁a ▁sample ▁from ▁the ▁artifact ▁yield ed ▁a ▁date ▁range ▁of ▁ 1 0 2 0 – 1 1 6 0 ▁CE ▁( 9 5 % ▁probability ▁cal ibr ated ▁date ▁range ). ▁ ▁The ▁earliest ▁ext ant ▁Native ▁American ▁fl ute ▁craft ed ▁of ▁wood ▁was ▁collected ▁by ▁the ▁Italian ▁advent urer ▁Gia como ▁Cost ant ino ▁Bel tr ami ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 3 ▁on ▁his ▁search ▁for ▁the ▁head w aters ▁of ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River . ▁It ▁is ▁now ▁in ▁the ▁collection ▁of ▁the ▁Museo ▁C iv ico ▁di ▁Sci enze ▁Natur ali ▁in ▁Berg amo , ▁Italy . ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁ ▁Com ponents ▁▁ ▁The ▁two ▁ends ▁of ▁a ▁Native ▁American ▁fl ute ▁along ▁the ▁longitud inal ▁axis ▁are ▁called ▁the ▁ ▁head ▁end ▁( the ▁end ▁closest ▁to ▁the ▁player ' s ▁mouth ▁— ▁ ▁also ▁called ▁the ▁North ▁end , ▁proxim al ▁end , ▁or ▁top ▁end ) ▁and ▁the ▁foot ▁end ▁( also ▁called ▁the ▁bottom ▁end , ▁dist al ▁end , ▁or ▁South ▁end ). ▁ ▁The ▁Native ▁American ▁fl ute ▁has ▁two ▁air ▁ch amb ers : ▁the ▁slow ▁air ▁chamber ▁( also ▁called ▁the ▁S AC , ▁compression ▁chamber , ▁mouth ▁chamber , ▁breath ▁chamber , ▁first ▁chamber , ▁pass ive ▁air ▁chamber , ▁primary ▁chamber , ▁or ▁wind ▁chamber ) ▁and ▁the ▁sound ▁chamber ▁( also ▁called ▁the ▁pipe ▁body , ▁reson ating ▁chamber , ▁tone ▁chamber , ▁playing ▁chamber , ▁or ▁variable ▁t ube ). ▁A ▁plug ▁( also