head " ▁head ▁of ▁state , ▁with ▁actual ▁power ▁rest ing ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁Premier ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China ▁and ▁the ▁General ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Party , ▁who ▁were ▁meant ▁to ▁be ▁two ▁separate ▁people . ▁In ▁the ▁original ▁plan , ▁the ▁Party ▁would ▁develop ▁policy , ▁and ▁the ▁state ▁would ▁execute ▁it . ▁D eng ' s ▁intent ions ▁were ▁to ▁have ▁power ▁divided , ▁thus ▁prevent ing ▁a ▁cult ▁of ▁person ality ▁from ▁forming ▁as ▁it ▁did ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁Ma o . ▁The ▁new ▁emphas is ▁on ▁procedure , ▁however , ▁seemed ▁largely ▁und erm ined ▁by ▁D eng ▁himself , ▁who ▁assumed ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁official ▁titles ▁on ▁the ▁grounds ▁that ▁they ▁should ▁go ▁to ▁younger ▁men . ▁ ▁After ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁the ▁Chinese ▁leadership ▁moved ▁toward ▁more ▁p rag m atic ▁policies ▁in ▁almost ▁all ▁fields . ▁The ▁party ▁encourag ed ▁artists , ▁writers ▁and ▁journal ists ▁to ▁adopt ▁more ▁critical ▁approaches , ▁although ▁open ▁attacks ▁on ▁party ▁authority ▁were ▁not ▁permitted . ▁The ▁Chinese ▁government ▁rep udi ated ▁the ▁Cultural ▁Revolution . ▁A ▁major ▁document ▁presented ▁at ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁Four th ▁Pl enum ▁of ▁the ▁Ele vent h ▁National ▁Party ▁Congress ▁Central ▁Committee , ▁gave ▁a ▁" pre lim inary ▁assess ment " ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁ 3 0 - year ▁period ▁of ▁Commun ist ▁rule . ▁At ▁the ▁pl enum , ▁party ▁Vice ▁Chair man ▁Ye ▁J ian ying ▁declared