. ▁It ▁is ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁native ▁speak ers ▁is ▁in ▁sharp ▁decl ine ▁among ▁the ▁younger ▁gener ations . ▁The ▁language ▁has , ▁however , ▁been ▁standard ised ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁elabor ately ▁cultiv ated ▁ever ▁since . ▁ ▁Ph on ology ▁ ▁Cons on ants ▁ ▁Some ▁anal ys es ▁of ▁L ule ▁S á mi ▁ph on ology ▁may ▁include ▁pre asp ir ated ▁stops ▁and ▁aff ric ates ▁( , ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁) ▁and ▁pre - sto pped ▁or ▁pre - gl ott al ised ▁nas als ▁( vo ic eless ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁ ▁and ▁vo iced ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁). ▁However , ▁these ▁can ▁be ▁treated ▁as ▁clusters ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁ph on ology , ▁since ▁they ▁are ▁clearly ▁composed ▁of ▁two ▁segments ▁and ▁only ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁these ▁length ens ▁in ▁quantity ▁ 3 . ▁The ▁terms ▁" pre asp ir ated " ▁and ▁" pre - sto pped " ▁will ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁this ▁article ▁to ▁describe ▁these ▁combinations ▁for ▁convenience . ▁▁ ▁St ops ▁before ▁a ▁hom organ ic ▁nas al ▁( pre - sto pped ▁nas als ) ▁are ▁real ised ▁as ▁un re leased ▁stops . ▁▁ ▁is ▁real ised ▁as ▁a ▁lab iod ental ▁fr ic ative ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁sy ll able ▁on set ▁( before ▁a ▁v owel ), ▁and ▁as ▁bil ab ial ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁sy ll able ▁c oda ▁( in ▁a ▁con son ant ▁cluster ). ▁