▁magnetic ▁comp ass ▁a ided ▁navigation , ▁first ▁reaching ▁Europe ▁some ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 2 th ▁century . ▁ ▁E ye ▁glass es ▁were ▁invent ed ▁in ▁Italy ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 2 8 0 s . ▁ ▁The ▁ast rol abe ▁returned ▁to ▁Europe ▁via ▁Islam ic ▁Spain . ▁ ▁F ib on acci ▁introdu ces ▁H indu - A rab ic ▁numer als ▁to ▁Europe ▁with ▁his ▁book ▁Liber ▁Ab aci ▁in ▁ 1 2 0 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁West ' s ▁oldest ▁known ▁dep iction ▁of ▁a ▁stern - mount ed ▁rud der ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁on ▁church ▁car v ings ▁d ating ▁to ▁around ▁ 1 1 8 0 . ▁ ▁Arts ▁ ▁Visual ▁arts ▁ ▁Art ▁in ▁the ▁High ▁Middle ▁A ges ▁includes ▁these ▁important ▁movements : ▁ ▁Ang lo - S ax on ▁art ▁was ▁influ ential ▁on ▁the ▁British ▁Is les ▁until ▁the ▁Norman ▁In vas ion ▁of ▁ 1 0 6 6 ▁ ▁Roman es que ▁art ▁continued ▁trad itions ▁from ▁the ▁Class ical ▁world ▁( not ▁to ▁be ▁confused ▁with ▁Roman es que ▁architecture ) ▁ ▁Goth ic ▁art ▁developed ▁a ▁distinct ▁German ic ▁flav or ▁( not ▁to ▁be ▁confused ▁with ▁Goth ic ▁architecture ). ▁ ▁Ind o - I sl am ic ▁architecture ▁begins ▁when ▁Muhammad ▁of ▁G hor ▁made ▁Del hi ▁a ▁Muslim ▁capital ▁ ▁By z antine ▁art ▁continued ▁earlier ▁By z antine ▁trad itions , ▁influen cing ▁much ▁of ▁Eastern ▁Europe . ▁ ▁Ill