▁speech ▁laws ▁have ▁been ▁applied ▁to ▁anti - white ▁speech , ▁contrary ▁to ▁the ▁intent ions ▁of ▁C RT ▁the or ists : ▁" D uring ▁the ▁year ▁in ▁which ▁Michigan ' s ▁speech ▁code ▁was ▁enfor ced , ▁more ▁than ▁twenty ▁black s ▁were ▁charged   – ▁by ▁whites   – ▁with ▁rac ist ▁speech . ▁As ▁T ross en ▁notes , ▁not ▁a ▁single ▁instance ▁of ▁white ▁rac ist ▁speech ▁was ▁pun ished ." ▁ ▁Jeff rey ▁J . ▁P yle ▁wrote ▁in ▁the ▁Boston ▁College ▁Law ▁Review : ▁ ▁Peter ▁Wood ▁cons iders ▁C RT ▁a ▁" gr iev ance ▁ide ology " ▁and ▁an ▁" abs urd ity ". ▁He ▁sees ▁the ▁central ▁ten et ▁of ▁" white ▁rac ism ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁legal ▁system " ▁to ▁be ▁shown ▁false ▁because ▁of ▁items ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Am end ment , ▁the ▁V oting ▁Rights ▁Act s , ▁and ▁Brown ▁v . ▁Board ▁of ▁Education . ▁ ▁Off sh oot ▁fields ▁ ▁Within ▁critical ▁race ▁theory , ▁various ▁sub - group ings ▁have ▁emer ged ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁issues ▁that ▁fall ▁outside ▁the ▁black - white ▁parad ig m ▁of ▁race ▁relations ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁issues ▁that ▁relate ▁to ▁the ▁intersection ▁of ▁race ▁with ▁issues ▁of ▁gender , ▁sexual ity , ▁class ▁and ▁other ▁social ▁structures . ▁See ▁for ▁example , ▁critical ▁race ▁femin ism ▁( CR F ), ▁Lat ino ▁critical ▁race ▁studies ▁( Lat C rit ), ▁Asian ▁American ▁critical ▁race ▁studies ▁( As