way ▁hypothesis " ▁( used ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ) ▁were ▁associated ▁with ▁her ▁name , ▁though ▁often ▁mis leading ly . ▁Con tr ary ▁to ▁many ▁others , ▁K and el ▁always ▁emphas ized ▁the ▁difference ▁between ▁sequence ▁and ▁caus ation ▁in ▁the ▁first - time ▁use ▁of ▁different ▁subst ances . ▁These ▁may ▁– ▁but ▁need ▁not ▁– ▁be ▁couple d , ▁a ▁question ▁which ▁is ▁investig ated ▁in ▁further ▁research , ▁particularly ▁in ▁phys i ological ▁experiments . ▁ ▁K and el ▁is ▁Professor ▁of ▁Soci omed ical ▁Sciences ▁and ▁Psych iat ry ▁at ▁Columbia ▁University ▁and ▁Head ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Ep ide mi ology ▁of ▁Sub st ance ▁Ab use ▁at ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁State ▁Psych iat ric ▁Institute . ▁ ▁Awards ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁– ▁National ▁Instit utes ▁of ▁Health ▁( NI H ): ▁National ▁Institute ▁on ▁D rug ▁Ab use ▁( N ID A ): ▁Senior ▁Scient ist ▁Research ▁Award ▁( K 0 5 ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁– ▁R . ▁Br ink ley ▁Smith ers ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Scient ist ▁Award ▁▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁– ▁Pre vention ▁Science ▁Award ▁ ▁Selected ▁publications ▁ ▁Original ▁research ▁reports ▁ ▁Books ▁▁ ▁Den ise ▁B ▁K and el : ▁The ▁career ▁dec isions ▁of ▁medical ▁students : ▁a ▁study ▁in ▁occup ational ▁rec ruit ment ▁and ▁occup ational ▁choice . ▁Dis sert ation , ▁Columbia ▁University , ▁New ▁York ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁Den ise