ness ▁was ▁to ▁provide ▁liv elihood ▁to ▁pri ests . ▁ ▁Like wise ▁they ▁fault ed ▁Buddh ists ▁and ▁J ains , ▁mock ing ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁liber ation , ▁re inc arn ation ▁and ▁accum ulation ▁of ▁mer it ▁or ▁de mer it ▁through ▁kar ma . ▁They ▁believed ▁that , ▁the ▁view point ▁of ▁rel in qu ishing ▁pleasure ▁to ▁avoid ▁pain ▁was ▁the ▁" reason ing ▁of ▁f ools ". ▁C ā rv ā ka ▁ep ist em ology ▁holds ▁per ception ▁as ▁the ▁primary ▁source ▁of ▁knowledge , ▁while ▁reject ing ▁inference ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁invalid . ▁The ▁primary ▁texts ▁of ▁C ā rv ā ka , ▁like ▁the ▁Bar h asp at ya ▁s ut ras ▁( c . ▁ 6 0 0 ▁B CE ) ▁have ▁been ▁lost . ▁▁ Ā j ī v ika ▁ Ā j ī v ika ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Mak kh ali ▁G os ala , ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁Ś rama ṇ a ▁movement ▁and ▁a ▁major ▁rival ▁of ▁early ▁Buddh ism ▁and ▁J ain ism . ▁ ▁Original ▁script ures ▁of ▁the ▁ Ā j ī v ika ▁school ▁of ▁philosophy ▁may ▁once ▁have ▁existed , ▁but ▁these ▁are ▁currently ▁un available ▁and ▁probably ▁lost . ▁Their ▁theories ▁are ▁extracted ▁from ▁mentions ▁of ▁A j iv ik as ▁in ▁the ▁secondary ▁sources ▁of ▁ancient ▁H indu ▁Indian ▁literature , ▁particularly ▁those ▁of ▁J ain ism ▁and ▁Buddh ism ▁which ▁po lem ically ▁critic ized ▁the ▁A j iv ik as .