level ▁positions ▁in ▁government ▁and ▁o vers aw ▁the ▁controvers ial ▁tax p ayer - fund ed ▁bank ▁b ail out . ▁The ▁T AR P ▁O vers ight ▁Report ▁released ▁by ▁the ▁Cong r essional ▁O vers ight ▁P anel ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁b ail out ▁t ended ▁to ▁encou rage ▁ris ky ▁behavior ▁and ▁" cor rupt [ ed ] ▁the ▁fundamental ▁ten ets ▁of ▁a ▁market ▁economy ". ▁ ▁Under ▁threat ▁of ▁a ▁sub po ena , ▁Gold man ▁Sach s ▁revealed ▁that ▁it ▁received ▁$ 1 2 . 9 ▁billion ▁in ▁tax p ayer ▁aid , ▁$ 4 . 3 ▁billion ▁of ▁which ▁was ▁then ▁paid ▁out ▁to ▁ 3 2 ▁entities , ▁including ▁many ▁over se as ▁banks , ▁h edge ▁funds ▁and ▁p ensions . ▁The ▁same ▁year ▁it ▁received ▁$ 1 0 ▁billion ▁in ▁aid ▁from ▁the ▁government , ▁it ▁also ▁paid ▁out ▁mult im ill ion - d ollar ▁bon uses ; ▁the ▁total ▁paid ▁in ▁bon uses ▁was ▁$ 4 . 8 2 ▁billion . ▁Similarly , ▁Morgan ▁Stanley ▁received ▁$ 1 0 ▁billion ▁in ▁T AR P ▁funds ▁and ▁paid ▁out ▁$ 4 . 4 7 5 ▁billion ▁in ▁bon uses . ▁ ▁Crit ic isms ▁The ▁invest ment ▁bank ing ▁industry , ▁and ▁many ▁individual ▁invest ment ▁banks , ▁have ▁come ▁under ▁criticism ▁for ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁reasons , ▁including ▁perce ived ▁conflicts ▁of ▁interest , ▁over ly ▁large ▁pay ▁packages , ▁cart el - like ▁or ▁o lig opol ic ▁behavior