▁a ▁writ ▁of ▁mand am us . ▁Jud icial ▁power ▁includes ▁that ▁granted ▁by ▁Act s ▁of ▁Congress ▁for ▁rules ▁of ▁law ▁and ▁pun ishment . ▁Jud icial ▁power ▁also ▁extends ▁to ▁areas ▁not ▁covered ▁by ▁stat ute . ▁Gener ally , ▁federal ▁courts ▁cannot ▁interrupt ▁state ▁court ▁proceed ings . ▁ ▁Cla use ▁ 1 ▁of ▁Section ▁ 2 ▁author izes ▁the ▁federal ▁courts ▁to ▁hear ▁actual ▁cases ▁and ▁controvers ies ▁only . ▁Their ▁jud icial ▁power ▁does ▁not ▁extend ▁to ▁cases ▁that ▁are ▁hypoth et ical , ▁or ▁which ▁are ▁pro scri bed ▁due ▁to ▁standing , ▁mo ot ness , ▁or ▁rip eness ▁issues . ▁Gener ally , ▁a ▁case ▁or ▁controvers y ▁requires ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁ad verse ▁parties ▁who ▁have ▁some ▁interest ▁genu in ely ▁at ▁st ake ▁in ▁the ▁case . ▁ ▁Cla use ▁ 2 ▁of ▁Section ▁ 2 ▁provides ▁that ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁has ▁original ▁juris diction ▁in ▁cases ▁involving ▁amb ass adors , ▁minister s , ▁and ▁cons uls , ▁for ▁all ▁cases ▁respect ing ▁foreign ▁nation - states , ▁and ▁also ▁in ▁those ▁controvers ies ▁which ▁are ▁subject ▁to ▁federal ▁jud icial ▁power ▁because ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁state ▁is ▁a ▁party . ▁C ases ▁ar ising ▁under ▁the ▁laws ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁its ▁treat ies ▁come ▁under ▁the ▁juris diction ▁of ▁federal ▁courts . ▁C ases ▁under ▁international ▁mar itime ▁law ▁and ▁conflic ting ▁land ▁gr ants ▁of ▁different ▁states ▁come ▁under ▁federal ▁courts . ▁C ases ▁between ▁U . S