er ▁I bal oy ▁people ▁may ▁have ▁t atto o ed ▁arms ▁as ▁a ▁sign ▁of ▁prest ige . ▁ ▁The ▁I bal oy ▁believe ▁in ▁two ▁kinds ▁of ▁spirits ▁( an itos ). ▁ ▁The ▁nature ▁spirits ▁are ▁associated ▁with ▁cal am ities , ▁while ▁the ▁ancest ral ▁ones ▁( ka - ap uan ) ▁make ▁their ▁presence ▁known ▁in ▁dream s ▁or ▁by ▁making ▁a ▁family ▁member ▁sick . ▁ ▁I kal ah ans ▁ ▁The ▁I kal ah an ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁group ▁distributed ▁amongst ▁the ▁mountain ▁ranges ▁of ▁Sierra ▁Mad re , ▁the ▁Car ab allo , ▁and ▁the ▁eastern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Cord ill era ▁mountain ▁range . ▁The ▁main ▁population ▁res ides ▁in ▁the ▁Nueva ▁V iz c aya ▁province , ▁with ▁Kay apa ▁as ▁the ▁center . ▁They ▁are ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ig or ot ▁( mount ain ▁people ) ▁but ▁distinguish ▁themselves ▁with ▁the ▁name ▁I kal ah an , ▁the ▁name ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁forest ▁trees ▁that ▁grow ▁in ▁the ▁Car ab allo ▁Mountain . ▁ ▁They ▁are ▁among ▁the ▁least ▁studied ▁eth nic ▁groups , ▁thus ▁their ▁early ▁history ▁is ▁unknown . ▁However , ▁Felix ▁M . ▁Ke es ing ▁suggests ▁that , ▁like ▁other ▁groups ▁in ▁the ▁mountains , ▁they ▁fled ▁from ▁the ▁low lands ▁to ▁escape ▁Spanish ▁per sec ution . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁classes ▁of ▁society , ▁the ▁rich ▁( b ak n ang ▁or ▁K ad ang yan ) ▁and ▁the ▁poor ▁( bit eg