▁of ▁contin ence ▁( ī l ā ʿ ▁and ▁i ẓ har ), ▁the ▁den ial ▁of ▁pat ern ity ▁( li ʿ an ), ▁and ▁conditional ▁ ṭ al ā q . ▁The ▁first ▁two ▁types ▁were ▁pre - I sl am ic ▁practices ▁confirmed ▁by ▁the ▁Q ur an ▁( 2 : 2 2 6 – 2 2 7 ▁for ▁il a , ▁and ▁ 5 8 : 2 – 4 ▁for ▁iz har ), ▁which ▁also ▁makes ▁clear ▁that ▁iz har ▁is ▁repre hens ible ▁despite ▁being ▁leg ally ▁valid . ▁ ▁I la ▁is ▁an ▁o ath ▁where by ▁the ▁husband ▁v ows ▁to ▁ref rain ▁from ▁sexual ▁relations ▁with ▁his ▁wife ▁for ▁at ▁least ▁four ▁months . ▁If ▁he ▁ful fil s ▁his ▁o ath , ▁the ▁marriage ▁is ▁dissol ved ; ▁if ▁he ▁breaks ▁it , ▁the ▁marriage ▁continues . ▁In ▁the ▁iz har ▁( or ▁ ẓ ih ā r ) ▁o ath ▁a ▁man ▁decl ares ▁that ▁his ▁wife ▁is ▁as ▁sex ually ▁prohib ited ▁to ▁him ▁as ▁his ▁mother . ▁The ▁husband ▁is ▁able ▁to ▁break ▁the ▁o ath ▁and ▁res ume ▁the ▁marriage . ▁Bre aking ▁either ▁o ath ▁requires ▁exp iation ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁feed ing ▁the ▁poor ▁or ▁fast ing . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁li ' an ▁o ath , ▁the ▁husband ▁den ies ▁pat ern ity ▁of ▁his ▁wife ' s ▁child . ▁The ▁wife ▁is ▁given ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁take ▁an ▁o ath ▁den ying ▁inf idel ity ,