▁The ▁school ▁pract ically ▁died ▁out ▁by ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁but ▁Gi pson ▁published ▁ ▁his ▁fifteen - volume ▁history ▁of ▁The ▁British ▁Empire ▁Before ▁the ▁American ▁Revolution ▁( 1 9 3 6 – 7 0 ) ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁Pul itzer ▁Prize ▁in ▁History . P atr ick ▁Griff in , ▁" In ▁Ret ros pect : ▁Lawrence ▁Henry ▁Gi pson ' s ▁The ▁British ▁Empire ▁before ▁the ▁American ▁Revolution " ▁Re views ▁in ▁American ▁History , ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ 3 1 # 2 ▁pp : ▁ 1 7 1 – 1 8 3 ▁in ▁J ST OR . ▁ ▁Progress ive ▁histor ians ▁ ▁Progress ive ▁histor ians ▁such ▁as ▁Carl ▁L . ▁Be cker , ▁Arthur ▁M . ▁Schles inger , ▁Sr ., ▁Vern on ▁L . ▁Par r ington , ▁and ▁Charles ▁A . ▁Be ard ▁down play ed ▁the ▁Patri ot ▁gr iev ances ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 7 6 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 7 7 0 s ▁as ▁r het or ical ▁exer cis es ▁that ▁covered ▁the ▁gre ed ▁of ▁sm ug gl ers ▁and ▁mer ch ants ▁who ▁wanted ▁to ▁avoid ▁tax es . ▁Schles inger ▁argued ▁the ▁false ▁propag anda ▁was ▁effective : ▁" The ▁st ig mat izing ▁of ▁British ▁policy ▁as ▁' ty ran ny ,' ▁' opp ression ' ▁and ▁' s la very , ▁had ▁little ▁or ▁no ▁objective ▁reality , ▁at ▁least ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁Int