K ǒ ng ▁F ū z ǐ , ▁ <0xE5> <0xAD> <0x94> 夫 子 , ▁" Master ▁Kong ", ▁ 5 5 1 – 4 7 9 ▁B CE ) ▁who ▁saw ▁himself ▁as ▁transm itting ▁the ▁values ▁and ▁the ology ▁of ▁the ▁ancest ors ▁before ▁him . ▁Other ▁influ ential ▁classical ▁Conf u cian ▁philosoph ers ▁include ▁Men cius ▁and ▁X un ▁Ku ang ▁who ▁fam ously ▁disag re ed ▁on ▁the ▁inn ate ▁moral ▁nature ▁of ▁humans . ▁ ▁Conf u cian ism ▁focus es ▁on ▁human istic ▁values ▁like ▁famil ial ▁and ▁social ▁harm ony , ▁fil ial ▁p iety ▁( 孝 , ▁x i à o ), ▁R én ▁( 仁 , ▁" b ene vol ence " ▁or ▁" human eness ") ▁and ▁L ǐ ▁( <0xE7> <0xA6> <0xAE> / <0xE7> <0xA4> <0xBC> ) ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁rit ual ▁norm s ▁that ▁determ ines ▁how ▁a ▁person ▁should ▁act ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁harm ony ▁with ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁Heaven . ▁Conf u cian ism ▁tradition ally ▁holds ▁that ▁these ▁values ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁trans c endent ▁principle ▁known ▁as ▁Heaven ▁( T i ā n ▁ 天 ), ▁and ▁also ▁includes ▁the ▁belief ▁in ▁spirits ▁or ▁gods ▁( sh én ). ▁ ▁Conf u cian ism ▁was ▁a ▁major ▁ide ology ▁of ▁the ▁imperial ▁state ▁during ▁the ▁Han ▁dynast y ▁( 2 0 6 ▁B CE – 2 2 0 ▁CE ) ▁and ▁was ▁rev ived ▁as ▁Ne o - Conf u cian ism ▁during