, ▁cross ". ▁The ▁English ▁verb ▁to ▁cross ▁ar ises ▁from ▁the ▁n oun ▁c . ▁ 1 2 0 0 , ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁sense ▁" to ▁make ▁the ▁sign ▁of ▁the ▁cross "; ▁the ▁generic ▁meaning ▁" to ▁intersect " ▁develop s ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century . ▁The ▁Latin ▁word ▁was , ▁however , ▁influenced ▁by ▁popular ▁et ym ology ▁by ▁a ▁native ▁German ic ▁word ▁re construct ed ▁as ▁* k ru k jo ▁( English ▁cro ok , ▁Old ▁English ▁cry c ce , ▁Old ▁Nor se ▁k ro kr , ▁Old ▁High ▁German ▁k ruck a ). ▁This ▁word , ▁by ▁confl ation ▁with ▁Latin ▁cru x , ▁gave ▁rise ▁to ▁Old ▁French ▁cro cier ▁( mod ern ▁French ▁c ros se ), ▁the ▁term ▁for ▁a ▁she ph erd ' s ▁cro ok , ▁adopted ▁in ▁English ▁as ▁c ros ier . ▁ ▁Latin ▁cru x ▁referred ▁to ▁the ▁g ib bet ▁where ▁crim inals ▁were ▁executed , ▁a ▁st ake ▁or ▁pole , ▁with ▁or ▁without ▁trans om , ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁condem ned ▁were ▁imp aled ▁or ▁h anged , ▁but ▁more ▁particularly ▁a ▁cross ▁or ▁the ▁pole ▁of ▁a ▁carriage . ▁From ▁this ▁word ▁was ▁derived ▁the ▁Latin ▁verb ▁cru cio ▁" to ▁put ▁to ▁death ▁on ▁the ▁cross " ▁or ▁( more ▁frequently ) ▁" to ▁put ▁to ▁the ▁ra ck , ▁to ▁tort ure , ▁tor ment " ▁especially ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁mental ▁troubles .< ref >[ http ://