ensions . ▁An ▁increasing ▁number ▁of ▁loc als ▁began ▁to ▁disag ree ▁with ▁the ▁Dutch ▁and ▁the ▁Mal ay ▁arist ocr ats ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁bias ▁that ▁these ▁el ites ▁had ▁towards ▁the ▁Malays . ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁Div isions ▁and ▁Islam ic ▁Mov ements ▁Another ▁division ▁between ▁the ▁Malays ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁groups ▁was ▁religion , ▁where by ▁the ▁Malays ▁were ▁mostly ▁Muslim s ▁and ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁Kar o ▁people ▁( Ind ones ia ) ▁and ▁S imal ung un ▁were ▁Christians ▁or ▁anim ists . ▁Despite ▁being ▁the ▁third - larg est ▁group ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁the ▁J avan ese , ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁Ab ang an , ▁were ▁perce ived ▁by ▁the ▁Malays ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁lower ▁social ▁status ▁and ▁their ▁practice ▁of ▁Islam ▁was ▁seen ▁to ▁be ▁nom inal . ▁The ▁Malays ▁were ▁usually ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁traditional ▁protect ors ▁of ▁Islam ▁by ▁the ▁authorities ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁Muslim ▁reform ist ▁forces ▁who ▁advoc ated ▁an ▁Islam ▁different ▁from ▁the ▁Mal ay ▁orientation ▁were ▁seen ▁as ▁thre ats ▁to ▁the ▁authority ▁of ▁the ▁s ult ans . ▁The ▁former ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Ka um ▁T ua ▁( old ▁group ) ▁and ▁the ▁latter ▁as ▁the ▁Ka um ▁M uda ▁( you ng ▁group , ▁reform ist ) ▁who ▁"... s ought ▁to ▁free ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁communities ▁from ▁super st it ious ▁belief s ." . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁two ▁major ▁modern ist ▁Islam ic ▁movements ▁launched ▁by ▁the ▁Ka um