ilia - R om agna ▁and ▁the ▁republic ▁of ▁San ▁Mar ino ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁T usc any ▁to ▁the ▁west , ▁Um b ria ▁to ▁the ▁south west , ▁Ab ru z zo ▁and ▁Laz io ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁and ▁the ▁Adri atic ▁Sea ▁to ▁the ▁east . ▁Ex cept ▁for ▁river ▁valle ys ▁and ▁the ▁often ▁very ▁narrow ▁coast al ▁strip , ▁the ▁land ▁is ▁h illy . ▁A ▁railway ▁from ▁Bolog na ▁to ▁Br ind isi , ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁runs ▁along ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁territory . ▁In land , ▁the ▁mountain ous ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁region , ▁even ▁today , ▁allows ▁relatively ▁little ▁travel ▁north ▁and ▁south , ▁except ▁by ▁tw isting ▁roads ▁over ▁the ▁passes . ▁The ▁Um b rian ▁enc lave ▁of ▁Monte ▁Ru per to ▁( a ▁sub div ision ▁of ▁the ▁Com une ▁of ▁C itt à ▁di ▁Cast ello ) ▁is ▁entirely ▁surrounded ▁by ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁P es aro ▁and ▁U rb ino , ▁which ▁constit utes ▁the ▁northern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁region . ▁U rb ino , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁cities ▁of ▁the ▁region , ▁was ▁the ▁birth place ▁of ▁Rap ha el , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁major ▁center ▁of ▁Renaissance ▁history . ▁ ▁Geography ▁▁ ▁Mar che ▁extends ▁over ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁Adri atic ▁slope ▁between ▁Em ilia - R om agna ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁T usc any ▁and ▁Um b ria ▁to ▁the ▁west