▁C athol ics ▁wished ▁the ▁dog mat ization ▁of ▁Pap al ▁inf al lib ility ▁and ▁the ▁assumption ▁of ▁Mary ▁in ▁the ▁forth coming ▁ec umen ical ▁council . ▁The ▁French ▁b ish ops , ▁with ▁some ▁notable ▁exceptions ▁were ▁faithful ▁to ▁the ▁Holy ▁See . ▁During ▁the ▁pont ificate ▁of ▁P ius ▁IX , ▁some ▁five ▁Catholic ▁Univers ities ▁were ▁founded ▁in ▁the ▁cities ▁of ▁L ille , ▁Ang ers , ▁Lyon ▁and ▁Toul ouse , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁cler ics ▁were ▁educated ▁in ▁a ▁strict , ▁although ▁some ▁argued , ▁scientific ally ▁less ▁than ▁des irable ▁manner . ▁▁ 1 8 4 9 ▁attack ▁on ▁the ▁pap al ▁states ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 8 4 9 , ▁General ▁O ud in ot ' s ▁expedition ary ▁force ▁made ▁its ▁direct ▁attack , ▁and ▁the ▁Const itu ent ▁Assembly ▁in ▁Rome ▁passed ▁a ▁resolution ▁of ▁protest ▁( 7 ▁May ▁ 1 8 4 9 ), ▁French ▁President ▁Louis ▁Napoleon ▁( the ▁future ▁Napoleon ▁III ▁of ▁France ) ▁encourag ed ▁P ius ▁IX ▁and ▁assured ▁him ▁of ▁rein for c ements ▁from ▁France . ▁The ▁Pope ▁appe aled ▁for ▁support , ▁and ▁Napoleon ▁— ▁who ▁had ▁engaged ▁in ▁a ▁liberal ▁ins urre ction ▁in ▁the ▁states ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁himself ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 1 — now ▁sent ▁troops ▁that ▁cr ushed ▁the ▁republic ▁( 2 9 ▁June ), ▁although ▁P ius ▁IX ▁did ▁not ▁return ▁to ▁Rome ▁until ▁April ▁ 1 8 5 0 . ▁ ▁Alliance ▁between ▁Cav our ▁and