▁the ▁government ▁is ▁able ▁to ▁access ▁information ▁from ▁third ▁parties   — ▁for ▁example , ▁banks , ▁credit ▁companies ▁or ▁employ ers , ▁etc .   — ▁by ▁request ing ▁access ▁inform ally , ▁by ▁comp elling ▁access ▁through ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁sub po enas ▁or ▁other ▁procedures , ▁or ▁by ▁purch asing ▁data ▁from ▁commercial ▁data ▁aggreg ators ▁or ▁data ▁bro k ers . ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁has ▁spent ▁$ 3 7 0 ▁million ▁on ▁its ▁ 4 3 ▁planned ▁fusion ▁cent ers , ▁which ▁are ▁national ▁network ▁of ▁surve ill ance ▁cent ers ▁that ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁over ▁ 3 0 ▁states . ▁The ▁cent ers ▁will ▁collect ▁and ▁analyze ▁vast ▁amounts ▁of ▁data ▁on ▁U . S . ▁citizens . ▁It ▁will ▁get ▁this ▁data ▁by ▁cons olid ating ▁personal ▁information ▁from ▁sources ▁such ▁as ▁state ▁driver ' s ▁lic ens ing ▁ag encies , ▁hospital ▁records , ▁criminal ▁records , ▁school ▁records , ▁credit ▁b ure aus , ▁banks , ▁etc . ▁– ▁and ▁placing ▁this ▁information ▁in ▁a ▁central ized ▁database ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁accessed ▁from ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁cent ers , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁federal ▁law ▁enfor cement ▁and ▁intelligence ▁ag encies . ▁ ▁Under ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁Miller ▁( 1 9 7 6 ), ▁data ▁held ▁by ▁third ▁parties ▁is ▁generally ▁not ▁subject ▁to ▁Four th ▁Am end ment ▁war rant ▁requirements . ▁ ▁Human ▁oper atives ▁Organ izations ▁that ▁have ▁enemies ▁who ▁wish ▁to ▁gather ▁information ▁about ▁the ▁groups ' ▁members ▁or ▁activities