▁and ▁inspired ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁orders ▁of ▁ch ival ry , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Tem pl ar ▁Kn ights . ▁In her ited ▁titles ▁of ▁nob ility ▁were ▁established ▁during ▁this ▁period . ▁In ▁ 1 3 th - century ▁Germany , ▁kn ighth ood ▁became ▁another ▁inher itable ▁title , ▁although ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁less ▁pr estig ious , ▁and ▁the ▁tr end ▁spread ▁to ▁other ▁countries . ▁ ▁Religion ▁ ▁Christian ▁Church ▁The ▁East – West ▁Sch ism ▁of ▁ 1 0 5 4 ▁formally ▁separated ▁the ▁Christian ▁church ▁into ▁two ▁parts : ▁Roman ▁Catholic ism ▁in ▁Western ▁Europe ▁and ▁Eastern ▁Orth odox y ▁in ▁the ▁east . ▁It ▁occurred ▁when ▁Pope ▁Leo ▁IX ▁and ▁Patri arch ▁Michael ▁I ▁ex communic ated ▁each ▁other , ▁mainly ▁over ▁disput es ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁un le aven ed ▁bread ▁in ▁the ▁lit ur gy ▁and ▁fast ing ▁days , ▁existence ▁of ▁pap al ▁authority ▁over ▁the ▁four ▁Eastern ▁patri arch s , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁disag re ement ▁over ▁the ▁fil io que . ▁ ▁Cr us ades ▁ ▁The ▁Cr us ades ▁occurred ▁between ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁and ▁ 1 3 th ▁centuries . ▁They ▁were ▁conducted ▁under ▁pap al ▁authority ▁with ▁the ▁intent ▁of ▁re est ab lish ing ▁Christian ▁rule ▁in ▁The ▁Holy ▁Land ▁by ▁taking ▁the ▁area ▁from ▁the ▁Muslim ▁F at im id ▁C ali ph ate . ▁The ▁F at im ids ▁had ▁captured ▁Palest ine ▁in ▁AD ▁ 9 7 0 ,