9 4 , ▁students ▁founded ▁Le ▁S illon ▁( The ▁Fur row ). ▁Its ▁leader , ▁Marc ▁Sang nier , ▁campaign ed ▁for ▁spiritual ▁values , ▁dem ocracy ▁and ▁social ▁re forms . ▁It ▁represented ▁the ▁progress ive ▁wing ▁of ▁French ▁Catholic ism . ▁Rad ical ▁forces ▁triumph ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁and ▁dis est ab lished ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁and ▁seized ▁its ▁properties . ▁The ▁very ▁conserv ative ▁Pope ▁P ius ▁X ▁told ▁the ▁b ish ops ▁to ▁distance ▁themselves ▁from ▁the ▁state . ▁Better ▁relations ▁were ▁restored ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s , ▁but ▁the ▁parties ▁on ▁the ▁left ▁( Rad ical , ▁Social ist ▁and ▁Commun ist ) ▁ ▁were ▁strongly ▁ant ic ler ical . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁many ▁organis ations ▁appeared : ▁the ▁Christian ▁Work ers ▁Youth , ▁the ▁Christian ▁Agricult ural ▁Youth , ▁and ▁the ▁French ▁Confeder ation ▁of ▁Christian ▁Work ers . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁the ▁Popular ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁( P DP ) ▁was ▁founded , ▁but ▁it ▁remained ▁a ▁small ▁centre - right ▁party . ▁However , ▁more ▁liberal ▁Christian ▁Democratic ▁ideas ▁arose ▁in ▁intellectual ▁circles . ▁Em manuel ▁M oun ier ▁founded ▁the ▁review ▁Es prit ▁( mind ▁or ▁spirit ) ▁which ▁den ounced ▁fasc ism ▁and ▁pass ivity ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁dem oc ra cies . ▁In ▁the ▁ ▁paper ▁L ' A ube ▁( The ▁Da wn ), ▁Francis que ▁Gay ▁and ▁Georges