▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁She ▁then ▁studied ▁Government ▁at ▁Harvard ▁University , ▁ear ning ▁a ▁Ph D ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁From ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Martin ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁political ▁science ▁fac ulty ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁San ▁Diego . ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁John ▁L . ▁Lo eb ▁Associ ate ▁Professor ▁of ▁the ▁Social ▁Sciences ▁at ▁Harvard ▁University , ▁and ▁then ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁Clar ence ▁D illon ▁Professor ▁of ▁International ▁Affairs ▁there . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁she ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Wisconsin , ▁Mad ison . ▁ ▁Career ▁Martin ▁has ▁been ▁an ▁author ▁or ▁editor ▁of ▁ 7 ▁books . ▁Her ▁first ▁book , ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁publication ▁Co er ci ve ▁Co operation : ▁Exp la ining ▁Mult il ater al ▁Econom ic ▁San ctions , ▁studies ▁the ▁necessary ▁conditions ▁for ▁international ▁economic ▁san ctions ▁to ▁be ▁successful . ▁Kenneth ▁A . ▁Rod man ▁wrote ▁that ▁Co er ci ve ▁Co operation ▁was ▁" an ▁important ▁book ▁that ▁ought ▁to ▁be ▁consult ed ▁by ▁all ▁serious ▁students ▁of ▁international ▁co operation ▁and ▁economic ▁state craft ", ▁summar izing ▁its ▁central ▁conclus ions ▁as ▁demonstr ating ▁" that ▁institutions ▁matter ▁and ▁that ▁leadership ▁cannot ▁be ▁exerc ised ▁'