e al ▁to ▁em otion ▁or ▁argument um ▁ad ▁pass iones ▁(" argument ▁from ▁passion ") ▁is ▁a ▁logical ▁f alla cy ▁character ized ▁by ▁the ▁manip ulation ▁of ▁the ▁recip ient ' s ▁emot ions ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁win ▁an ▁argument , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁fact ual ▁evidence . ▁This ▁kind ▁of ▁appeal ▁to ▁em otion ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁red ▁her ring ▁and ▁en comp ass es ▁several ▁logical ▁f alla cies , ▁including ▁appeal ▁to ▁consequences , ▁appeal ▁to ▁fear , ▁appeal ▁to ▁fl atter y , ▁appeal ▁to ▁pity , ▁appeal ▁to ▁rid ic ule , ▁appeal ▁to ▁spite , ▁and ▁wish ful ▁thinking . ▁ ▁Instead ▁of ▁facts , ▁persu as ive ▁language ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁develop ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁an ▁appeal ▁to ▁em otion - based ▁argument . ▁Thus , ▁the ▁valid ity ▁of ▁the ▁prem ises ▁that ▁establish ▁such ▁an ▁argument ▁does ▁not ▁prove ▁to ▁be ▁ver ifiable . ▁ ▁App e als ▁to ▁em otion ▁are ▁intended ▁to ▁draw ▁in ward ▁feelings ▁such ▁as ▁fear , ▁pity , ▁and ▁joy ▁from ▁the ▁recip ient ▁of ▁the ▁information ▁with ▁the ▁end ▁goal ▁of ▁convin cing ▁them ▁that ▁the ▁statements ▁being ▁presented ▁in ▁the ▁f alla cious ▁argument ▁are ▁true , ▁or ▁vice - vers a . ▁ ▁Class ical ▁times ▁ ▁The ▁power ▁of ▁emot ions ▁to ▁influence ▁judgment , ▁including ▁political ▁att itudes , ▁has ▁been ▁recognized ▁since ▁classical ▁anti qu ity . ▁Arist ot le , ▁in ▁his ▁treat ise ▁Rh et