▁of ▁Tit us ▁and ▁Sept im ius ▁Sever us . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Middle ▁A ges , ▁the ▁Arch ▁of ▁Const antine ▁was ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁strong holds ▁of ▁ancient ▁Rome , ▁as ▁shown ▁in ▁the ▁painting ▁by ▁H erman ▁van ▁Sw ane vel t , ▁here . ▁Works ▁of ▁rest oration ▁were ▁first ▁carried ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁ ▁the ▁last ▁exc av ations ▁have ▁taken ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁just ▁before ▁the ▁Great ▁J ub ile e ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁arch ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁finish ▁line ▁for ▁the ▁mar athon ▁athlet ic ▁event ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁ ▁There ▁has ▁been ▁much ▁controvers y ▁over ▁the ▁orig ins ▁of ▁the ▁arch , ▁with ▁some ▁sch ol ars ▁claim ing ▁that ▁it ▁should ▁no ▁longer ▁be ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁Const antine ' s ▁arch , ▁but ▁is ▁in ▁fact ▁an ▁earlier ▁work ▁from ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁Had rian , ▁re work ed ▁during ▁Const antine ' s ▁reign , ▁or ▁at ▁least ▁the ▁lower ▁part . ▁Another ▁theory ▁holds ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁ere cted , ▁or ▁at ▁least ▁started , ▁by ▁Max ent ius , ▁and ▁one ▁scholar ▁believed ▁it ▁was ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁Dom it ian ▁( 8 1 – 9 6 ). ▁ ▁Symbol ism ▁ ▁Wh atever ▁the ▁fault s ▁of ▁Max ent ius