▁her ▁early ▁Belg ium ▁instruct or ▁Oscar ▁Jes pers . ▁This ▁sculpt ural ▁interest ▁evol ved ▁to ▁Sur real ism , ▁expl oration ▁of ▁her ▁Brazil ian ▁- ▁Amazon ian ▁roots , ▁and ▁bronze ▁casting ▁under ▁the ▁teaching ▁of ▁Jacques ▁Lip ch itz .   ▁Lip ch itz ▁introduced ▁Mart ins ▁to ▁bronze ▁casting ▁using ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁lost - w ax ▁casting ▁technique , ▁which ▁she ▁evol ved ▁by ▁adding ▁fat ▁to ▁the ▁w ax ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁detail ▁in ▁her ▁bronze ▁sculpt ures . ▁Event ually ▁bronze ▁became ▁her ▁cre ative ▁process ▁of ▁choice . ▁ ▁Mart ins ' ▁association ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁exp atri ate ▁artist ▁community ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁helped ▁form ulate ▁her ▁view ▁on ▁art ’ s ▁political ▁power . ▁These ▁views ▁on ▁art , ▁its ▁role ▁in ▁peace , ▁and ▁the ▁responsibility ▁of ▁artists ▁is ▁art ic ulated ▁in ▁an ▁ess ay ▁that ▁was ▁read ▁into ▁the ▁U . S . ▁con gression al ▁record ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁by ▁Congress man ▁Jacob ▁J av its ▁of ▁New ▁York . ▁In ▁the ▁ess ay , ▁titled ▁Art , ▁Liber ation ▁and ▁Peace , ▁she ▁describes ▁a ▁world ▁in ▁which ▁differences ▁of ▁race , ▁national ities , ▁relig ions , ▁social ▁conditions ▁and ▁opinions ▁are ▁freely ▁discussed , ▁thereby ▁neg ating ▁the ▁impact s ▁of ▁politics ▁and ▁wealth . ▁  She ▁highlight ed ▁Adolf ▁Hitler ’ s ▁destruction ▁of ▁works ▁of ▁art ▁as ▁the ▁beginning ▁of