▁Must af a ▁A . ▁Hi y ari : ▁ ▁The ▁manip ulation ▁of ▁the ▁em ir ate ▁[ s ic ] ▁by ▁Al ▁Mu h anna ▁for ▁such ▁a ▁long ▁time ▁was ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁their ▁ability ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁M aml uk ▁state ▁more ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁cl an . ▁Their ▁prest ige ▁was ▁such ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁maintain ▁peace ▁and ▁order ▁among ▁the ▁tribes ▁and — what ▁was ▁much ▁more ▁important — to ▁secure ▁the ▁safety ▁of ▁the ▁ha j j ▁and ▁trade ▁routes . ▁That ▁is ▁why ▁the ▁s ult ans ▁of ▁Egypt ▁and ▁their ▁provincial ▁govern ors ▁( sing . ▁na ' ib ) ▁in ▁Dam asc us ▁and ▁Ale ppo ▁tried ▁always ▁to ▁keep ▁them ▁under ▁control ▁and ▁use ▁every ▁possible ▁way ▁to ▁bring ▁them ▁back ▁under ▁the ▁authority ▁of ▁the ▁s ultan ate ▁when ▁they ▁revol ted , ▁because ▁their ▁remaining ▁outside ▁M aml uk ▁authority ▁would ▁lead ▁to ▁continuous ▁thre ats ▁to ▁the ▁state ' s ▁interests , ▁the ▁outcome ▁of ▁which ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁attack ing ▁and ▁lo oting ▁of ▁the ▁trade ▁car av ans , ▁the ▁dis ruption ▁of ▁the ▁ha j j , ▁and ▁considerable ▁damage ▁to ▁the ▁coun tr ys ide . ▁ ▁Mu h anna ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁son ▁Mu za ff ar ▁ad - D in ▁Mus a , ▁who ▁had ▁remained ▁loyal ▁to ▁an - N as ir ▁Muhammad ▁during ▁his ▁father ' s ▁defe ction ▁to ▁the ▁Il k han ate