9 7 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁some ▁ 4 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁eth nic ▁Chinese ▁left ▁Vietnam ▁by ▁boat ▁( main ly ▁former ▁South ▁Vietnam ▁citizens ▁fle eing ▁the ▁V iet cong ) ▁as ▁refuge es ▁or ▁were ▁exp elled ▁across ▁the ▁land ▁border ▁with ▁China . ▁These ▁mass ▁em igr ations ▁and ▁deport ations ▁only ▁stopped ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁following ▁the ▁ Đ <0xE1> <0xBB> <0x95> i ▁m ớ i ▁re forms ▁in ▁Vietnam . ▁ ▁Anti - Ch inese ▁sent iments ▁had ▁sp ik ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁after ▁China ▁formed ▁an ▁administration ▁in ▁the ▁disput ed ▁islands , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁when ▁the ▁Vietnam ese ▁government ▁allowed ▁the ▁Chinese ▁al umin ium ▁manufact urer ▁Ch inal co ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁mine ▁for ▁b aux ite ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁High lands , ▁and ▁when ▁Vietnam ese ▁fish erm en ▁were ▁det ained ▁by ▁Chinese ▁security ▁forces ▁while ▁seeking ▁refuge ▁in ▁the ▁disput ed ▁territ ories . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁following ▁a ▁sp at ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁Chinese ▁Marine ▁Sur ve ill ance ▁ship ▁dam aged ▁a ▁Vietnam ese ▁ge olog ic ▁survey ▁ship ▁off ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁Vietnam , ▁some ▁Vietnam ese ▁travel ▁ag encies ▁boy c otted ▁Chinese ▁destin ations ▁or ▁refused ▁to ▁serve ▁customers ▁with ▁Chinese ▁citizens hip . ▁ ▁H undred s ▁of ▁people ▁protest ed ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁emb ass y ▁in ▁H ano