- Paul ▁S art re . ▁In ▁his ▁famous ▁book ▁Being ▁and ▁Time , ▁He ide g ger ▁distinguished ▁between ▁the ▁" they - self ", ▁i . e . ▁the ▁self ▁that ▁is ▁just ▁" be ing ▁there ", ▁in ▁common ▁view , ▁and ▁the ▁authentic ▁self , ▁the ▁" self - aware " ▁self ▁who ▁explicitly ▁gr as ps ▁his ▁own ▁identity . ▁In ▁a ▁radical ▁synth esis ▁of ▁Marx ▁and ▁Fre ud , ▁Wilhelm ▁Reich ▁created ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁" character ▁arm or ". ▁It ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁total ▁" har ness " ▁of ▁phys i ological ▁def ences ▁which ▁mask ▁off ▁the ▁pain ▁of ▁repr ess ing ▁feelings ▁– ▁feelings ▁which ▁the ▁individual ▁is ▁not ▁permitted ▁to ▁express ▁in ▁civil ▁life , ▁or ▁is ▁unable ▁to ▁express ▁ade qu ately . ▁M ask ing ▁is ▁now ad ays ▁acknowled ged ▁by ▁behaviour al ▁scient ists ▁to ▁be ▁also ▁a ▁purely ▁bi ological ▁or ▁psych oph ys ical ▁process ▁in ▁sent ient ▁organ isms : ▁ne uro log ically , ▁the ▁subject ive ▁experience ▁of ▁some ▁perce ived ▁stim uli ▁by ▁the ▁organ ism ▁is ▁modified ▁or ▁dist orted ▁by ▁the ▁inter vention ▁of ▁other ▁perce ived ▁stim uli . ▁It ▁can ▁have ▁a ▁crit ically ▁important ▁effect ▁on ▁the ▁ability ▁of ▁the ▁organ ism ▁to ▁make ▁choices , ▁orient ▁itself , ▁or ▁display ▁sens itivity . ▁Reich ' s ▁idea ▁was ▁developed ▁further ▁by ▁Arthur ▁Jan ov , ▁where ▁the ▁prim al ▁sc ream ▁breaks ▁through ▁the ▁mask s