▁to ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁fish ing ▁n ets ▁and ▁text iles . ▁Jonathan ▁Ha as ▁noted ▁a ▁mut ual ▁dependency , ▁where by ▁" The ▁pre histor ic ▁residents ▁of ▁the ▁Norte ▁Ch ico ▁needed ▁the ▁fish ▁resources ▁for ▁their ▁protein ▁and ▁the ▁fish erm en ▁needed ▁the ▁cot ton ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁n ets ▁to ▁catch ▁the ▁fish ." ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁book ▁ 1 4 9 1 : ▁New ▁Re vel ations ▁of ▁the ▁Amer icas ▁Before ▁Columb us , ▁journalist ▁Charles ▁C . ▁Mann ▁survey ed ▁the ▁literature ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁reporting ▁a ▁date ▁" s omet ime ▁before ▁ 3 2 0 0 ▁BC , ▁and ▁possibly ▁before ▁ 3 5 0 0 ▁BC " ▁as ▁the ▁beginning ▁date ▁for ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁Norte ▁Ch ico . ▁He ▁notes ▁that ▁the ▁earliest ▁date ▁secure ly ▁associated ▁with ▁a ▁city ▁is ▁ 3 5 0 0 ▁BC , ▁at ▁Hu ar ic anga ▁in ▁the ▁( in land ) ▁Fort ale za ▁area . ▁ ▁The ▁Norte ▁Ch ico ▁civil ization ▁began ▁to ▁decl ine ▁around ▁ 1 8 0 0 ▁BC ▁as ▁more ▁powerful ▁cent ers ▁appeared ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁and ▁north ▁along ▁its ▁coast , ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁within ▁the ▁And es ▁Mountains . ▁ ▁Mes o amer ica , ▁the ▁Wood land ▁Period , ▁and ▁Mississ ipp ian ▁culture ▁( 2 0 0 0 ▁B CE ▁– ▁ 5 0 0 ▁CE ) ▁▁▁ ▁After ▁the ▁decl ine ▁of ▁the