▁mission ary ▁activity . ▁ ▁B ail kin ▁says ▁that ▁de colon ization ▁was ▁often ▁taken ▁personally , ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁major ▁policy ▁impact ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁policies ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁w elf are ▁state . ▁ ▁She ▁shows ▁how ▁some ▁West ▁Indian ▁migr ants ▁were ▁rep atri ated ; ▁ideal ists ▁volunte ered ▁to ▁help ▁the ▁new ▁nations ; ▁a ▁wave ▁of ▁over se as ▁students ▁came ▁to ▁British ▁univers ities ; ▁and ▁pol yg am ous ▁relationships ▁were ▁invalid ated . ▁Meanwhile , ▁she ▁says , ▁the ▁new ▁w elf are ▁state ▁was ▁in ▁part ▁sh aped ▁by ▁British ▁colonial ▁practices , ▁especially ▁regarding ▁mental ▁health ▁and ▁child ▁care . ▁ ▁Social ▁historian ▁Bill ▁Schwar z ▁says ▁that ▁as ▁de colon ization ▁moved ▁forward ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁there ▁was ▁an ▁ups ur ge ▁in ▁ra cial ▁wh iten ess ▁and ▁ra cial ▁seg reg ation   – ▁the ▁colour ▁bar   – ▁became ▁more ▁pron ounced . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁imperial ▁history ▁The ▁focus ▁of ▁attention ▁of ▁histor ians ▁has ▁shift ed ▁over ▁time . ▁Phill ip ▁Buck ner ▁reports ▁that ▁on ▁a ▁by g one ▁era ▁of ▁gradu ate ▁education ▁in ▁Britain ▁when ▁the ▁Empire ▁was ▁ ▁Ron ald ▁Hy am ▁arg ues ▁that ▁the ▁histor i ography ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁reached ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁severe ▁crisis : ▁ ▁Hy am ▁goes ▁on ▁to ▁state ▁that ▁by ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁century ▁new ▁them es ▁had ▁emer ged ▁including ▁" post —