▁is ▁performed ▁at ▁infinitely ▁slow ▁speed , ▁ ▁i . e . ▁ ▁for ▁equilibrium ▁transformations . ▁In ▁such ▁cases , ▁ ▁and ▁▁ ▁Using ▁the ▁time ▁revers al ▁relation ▁, ▁and ▁grouping ▁together ▁all ▁the ▁traject ories ▁yield ing ▁the ▁same ▁work ▁( in ▁the ▁forward ▁and ▁back ward ▁transformation ), ▁i . e . ▁determ ining ▁the ▁probability ▁distribution ▁( or ▁density ) ▁ ▁of ▁an ▁amount ▁of ▁work ▁ ▁being ▁ex ert ed ▁by ▁a ▁random ▁system ▁traject ory ▁from ▁ ▁to ▁, ▁we ▁can ▁write ▁the ▁above ▁equation ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁work ▁distribution ▁functions ▁as ▁follows ▁▁▁▁ ▁Note ▁that ▁for ▁the ▁back ward ▁transformation , ▁the ▁work ▁distribution ▁function ▁must ▁be ▁evaluated ▁by ▁taking ▁the ▁work ▁with ▁the ▁opposite ▁sign . ▁The ▁two ▁work ▁distributions ▁for ▁the ▁forward ▁and ▁back ward ▁processes ▁cross ▁at ▁. ▁This ▁phenomen on ▁has ▁been ▁experiment ally ▁verified ▁using ▁optical ▁twe ez ers ▁for ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁unfold ing ▁and ▁ref old ing ▁of ▁a ▁small ▁R NA ▁hair pin ▁and ▁an ▁R NA ▁three - hel ix ▁j unction . ▁ ▁The ▁C FT ▁implies ▁the ▁J arz yn ski ▁equality . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : Non - equ ilib rium ▁therm od ynam ics ▁Category : Stat ist ical ▁mechan ics ▁the or ems <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁cogn itive ▁revolution ▁was ▁an ▁intellectual ▁movement ▁that ▁began ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁as ▁an ▁inter dis cipl inary ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁mind ▁and ▁its ▁processes . ▁It ▁later