, ▁invest ment ▁policies ▁as ▁described ▁by ▁Bo one ▁and ▁Lub itz , ▁and ▁policies ▁for ▁man aging ▁deb t , ▁char itable - g iving , ▁or ▁risk ▁management . ▁ ▁Fin an cial ▁Pl anning ▁Str ategy ▁M odes ▁( F PS M ) ▁Model ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁doctor al ▁research , ▁Yes ke ▁developed ▁a ▁model ▁for ▁explaining ▁the ▁strategy - making ▁activities ▁of ▁financial ▁pl ann ers ▁and ▁rel ating ▁those ▁activities ▁to ▁measures ▁of ▁client ▁trust ▁and ▁relationship ▁commit ment . ▁ ▁Since ▁financial ▁planning ▁out comes ▁are ▁difficult ▁to ▁directly ▁observe ▁and ▁assess ▁( i . e . ▁financial ▁planning ▁poss esses ▁" high ▁cred ence " ▁characteristics ), ▁secondary ▁measures ▁like ▁trust ▁and ▁commit ment ▁have ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁be ▁effective ▁pro x ies . ▁Yes ke ▁adapted ▁a ▁model ▁first ▁developed ▁by ▁Hart ▁and ▁Ban bury ▁for ▁explaining ▁the ▁strategy - making ▁activities ▁of ▁companies ▁and ▁applied ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁activities ▁of ▁financial ▁pl ann ers . ▁The ▁model ▁pos its ▁five ▁modes ▁of ▁strategy - making ▁that ▁fall ▁along ▁the ▁dimension ▁of ▁relative ▁invol vement ▁by ▁the ▁pl anner ▁and ▁the ▁client ▁in ▁the ▁planning ▁process . ▁ ▁Mov ing ▁from ▁those ▁approaches ▁that ▁are ▁domin ated ▁by ▁the ▁pl anner ▁to ▁those ▁domin ated ▁by ▁the ▁client , ▁the ▁five ▁modes ▁consist ▁of ▁the ▁following : ▁Pl anner - D ri ven , ▁Data - D ri ven , ▁Policy - D ri ven , ▁Rel ations hip - D ri ven