ile ▁Valley , ▁and ▁was ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁people ▁from ▁north ▁and ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁Sah ara ▁who ▁were ▁differenti ated ▁by ▁their ▁color . ▁The ▁arguments ▁for ▁all ▁sides ▁are ▁recorded ▁in ▁the ▁UN ES CO ▁publication ▁General ▁History ▁of ▁Africa , ▁with ▁the ▁" Origin ▁of ▁the ▁Egypt ians " ▁chapter ▁being ▁written ▁by ▁Che ikh ▁An ta ▁Di op . ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁most ▁anth rop olog ists ▁have ▁rejected ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁race ▁as ▁having ▁any ▁valid ity ▁in ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁human ▁bi ology . ▁Stuart ▁T ys on ▁Smith ▁writes ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Oxford ▁Encyclopedia ▁of ▁An cient ▁Egypt , ▁" Any ▁character ization ▁of ▁race ▁of ▁the ▁ancient ▁Egypt ians ▁depends ▁on ▁modern ▁cultural ▁definitions , ▁not ▁on ▁scientific ▁study . ▁Thus , ▁by ▁modern ▁American ▁standards ▁it ▁is ▁reasonable ▁to ▁character ize ▁the ▁Egypt ians ▁as ▁' black ', ▁while ▁acknowled ging ▁the ▁scientific ▁evidence ▁for ▁the ▁physical ▁divers ity ▁of ▁Afr icans ." ▁Frank ▁M . ▁Snow den ▁as ser ts ▁" E gypt ians , ▁Gree ks ▁and ▁Rom ans ▁attached ▁no ▁special ▁st igma ▁to ▁the ▁colour ▁of ▁the ▁skin ▁and ▁developed ▁no ▁hier arch ical ▁not ions ▁of ▁race ▁where by ▁highest ▁and ▁lowest ▁positions ▁in ▁the ▁social ▁py ram id ▁were ▁based ▁on ▁colour ." ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁the ▁m ummy ▁of ▁Ram esses ▁II ▁was ▁taken ▁to ▁France ▁for ▁pres