▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁model ▁has ▁w an ed ▁because ▁of ▁difficulties ▁representing ▁P – E ▁dis cre pan cies ▁mathemat ically ▁and ▁statistical ▁models ▁linking ▁P - E ▁fit ▁to ▁stra in ▁have ▁been ▁problem atic . ▁ ▁Job ▁characteristics ▁model ▁The ▁job ▁characteristics ▁model ▁focus es ▁on ▁factors ▁such ▁as ▁skill ▁variety , ▁task ▁identity , ▁task ▁significance , ▁aut onomy , ▁and ▁feedback . ▁These ▁job ▁factors ▁are ▁thought ▁to ▁psych ological ▁states ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁meaning ful ness ▁and ▁knowledge ▁ac quisition . ▁The ▁theory ▁holds ▁that ▁positive ▁or ▁negative ▁job ▁characteristics ▁give ▁rise ▁to ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁cogn itive ▁and ▁behavior al ▁out comes ▁such ▁as ▁extent ▁of ▁worker ▁motiv ation , ▁satisfaction , ▁and ▁abs ente e ism . ▁H ack man ▁and ▁Old ham ▁( 1 9 8 0 ) ▁developed ▁the ▁Job ▁Di agnostic ▁Survey ▁to ▁assess ▁these ▁job ▁characteristics ▁and ▁help ▁organiz ational ▁leaders ▁make ▁dec isions ▁regarding ▁job ▁red es ign . ▁ ▁Di ath esis - str ess ▁model ▁The ▁di ath esis – str ess ▁model ▁looks ▁the ▁individual ' s ▁sus cept ibility ▁to ▁stress ful ▁life ▁experiences , ▁i . e ., ▁the ▁di ath esis . ▁Ind ividual s ▁differ ▁on ▁that ▁di ath esis ▁or ▁vulner ability . ▁The ▁model ▁suggests ▁that ▁the ▁individual ' s ▁di ath esis ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁context ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁or ▁she ▁enc oun ters ▁job ▁stress ors ▁at ▁various ▁levels ▁of ▁intensity