, ▁a ▁statement ▁against ▁pen al ▁interest ▁is ▁a ▁statement ▁that ▁puts ▁the ▁statement - maker ▁at ▁risk ▁of ▁pro sec ution . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁criminal ▁equivalent ▁of ▁a ▁statement ▁against ▁interest , ▁a ▁statement ▁a ▁person ▁would ▁not ▁normally ▁make , ▁which ▁would ▁put ▁them ▁in ▁a ▁dis adv ant aged ▁position ▁to ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁have ▁had ▁if ▁they ▁had ▁not ▁made ▁the ▁statement ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁place . ▁ ▁In ▁certain ▁circumstances , ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁a ▁factor ▁in ▁allowing ▁as ▁evidence ▁statements ▁that ▁would ▁otherwise ▁be ▁ex cluded ▁through ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁he ars ay . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Again st ▁pen al ▁interest ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁criminal ▁law ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁evidence ▁law <0x0A> </s> ▁Cos mo ▁Camp oli ▁( M arch ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁– ▁December ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Chicago - based ▁sculpt or , ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁figur ative ▁work ▁centered ▁on ▁the ▁them es ▁of ▁birth ▁and ▁death , ▁and ▁for ▁his ▁use ▁of ▁bold , ▁sur real ▁bird ▁and ▁egg ▁imag ery . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Art ▁Institute ▁of ▁Chicago ▁artists ▁collect ively ▁dub bed ▁the ▁" Mon ster ▁R oster " ▁by ▁critic ▁Franz ▁Schul ze ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁aff inity ▁for ▁sometimes ▁gru esome , ▁express ive ▁fig uration , ▁fant asy ▁and