▁life ▁becoming ▁an ▁object ▁of ▁capital . ▁ ▁Marx ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁al ien ation ▁will ▁be ▁a ▁feature ▁of ▁all ▁society ▁before ▁commun ism . ▁The ▁opposite ▁of , ▁al ien ation ▁is ▁' actual isation ' ▁or ▁' self - activity ' ▁– ▁the ▁activity ▁of ▁the ▁self , ▁controlled ▁by ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁self . ▁ ▁Ger ald ▁C ohen ' s ▁criticism ▁ ▁One ▁important ▁criticism ▁of ▁Marx ' s ▁' ph il osoph ical ▁anth rop ology ' ▁( i . e . ▁his ▁conception ▁of ▁humans ) ▁is ▁offered ▁by ▁Ger ald ▁C ohen , ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁Anal yt ical ▁Marx ism , ▁in ▁Re cons ider ing ▁Historical ▁Material ism ▁( in ▁ed . ▁Call in icos , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ). ▁ ▁C ohen ▁claims : ▁' Mar x ist ▁philosoph ical ▁anth rop ology ▁is ▁one ▁s ided . ▁ ▁Its ▁conception ▁of ▁human ▁nature ▁and ▁human ▁good ▁over look s ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁self - identity ▁than ▁which ▁nothing ▁is ▁more ▁essentially ▁human .' ▁( p .   1 7 3 , ▁see ▁especially ▁sections ▁ 6 ▁and ▁ 7 ). ▁ ▁The ▁consequence ▁of ▁this ▁is ▁held ▁to ▁be ▁that ▁' Mar x ▁and ▁his ▁follow ers ▁have ▁under est im ated ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁phen omena , ▁such ▁as ▁religion ▁and ▁national ism , ▁which ▁satisfy ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁self - identity . ▁ ▁( Section ▁ 8 .) ' ▁( p .   1 7 3 ).