▁Middle ▁A ges , ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁spons ored ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁various ▁institutions ▁including ▁brother hood s , ▁monaster ies , ▁religious ▁orders , ▁and ▁military ▁associations , ▁especially ▁during ▁the ▁Cr us ades ▁to ▁spons or ▁connection ▁between ▁these ▁groups . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 1 , ▁Pope ▁Leo ▁XIII ▁commission ed ▁the olog ians ▁and ▁social ▁think ers ▁to ▁study ▁corpor at ism ▁and ▁provide ▁a ▁definition ▁for ▁it . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁in ▁Fre ib urg , ▁the ▁commission ▁declared ▁that ▁corpor at ism ▁was ▁a ▁" system ▁of ▁social ▁organization ▁that ▁has ▁at ▁its ▁base ▁the ▁grouping ▁of ▁men ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁community ▁of ▁their ▁natural ▁interests ▁and ▁social ▁functions , ▁and ▁as ▁true ▁and ▁proper ▁org ans ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁they ▁direct ▁and ▁coordinate ▁labor ▁and ▁capital ▁in ▁matters ▁of ▁common ▁interest ." ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁Fre ib urg ▁meeting , ▁corpor at ism ▁grew ▁in ▁popular ity ▁and ▁the ▁corpor at ist ▁internationale ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁publishing ▁of ▁R er um ▁nov ar um ▁( 1 8 9 1 ) ▁by ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁that ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁declared ▁the ▁Church ' s ▁bless ing ▁to ▁trade ▁un ions ▁and ▁called ▁for ▁organized ▁labour ▁to ▁be ▁recognized ▁by ▁polit icians . ▁Many ▁corpor at ist ▁un ions ▁in ▁Europe ▁were ▁back ed ▁by ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁to ▁challenge ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁an arch ist ,