▁a ▁good ▁understanding ▁of ▁what ▁children ▁already ▁know ▁when ▁they ▁come ▁into ▁the ▁class room . ▁ ▁The ▁curr icul um ▁should ▁be ▁designed ▁in ▁a ▁way ▁that ▁builds ▁on ▁the ▁pup il ' s ▁background ▁knowledge ▁and ▁is ▁allowed ▁to ▁develop ▁with ▁them . ▁Begin ▁with ▁complex ▁problems ▁and ▁teach ▁basic ▁skills ▁while ▁solving ▁these ▁problems . ▁The ▁learning ▁theories ▁of ▁John ▁De we y , ▁Maria ▁Mont ess ori , ▁and ▁David ▁A . ▁Kol b ▁serve ▁as ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁the ▁application ▁of ▁construct iv ist ▁learning ▁theory ▁in ▁the ▁class room . ▁Con struct iv ism ▁has ▁many ▁vari eties ▁such ▁as ▁active ▁learning , ▁discovery ▁learning , ▁and ▁knowledge ▁building , ▁but ▁all ▁versions ▁promote ▁a ▁student ' s ▁free ▁expl oration ▁within ▁a ▁given ▁framework ▁or ▁structure . ▁The ▁teacher ▁acts ▁as ▁a ▁facil it ator ▁who ▁encourag es ▁students ▁to ▁discover ▁principles ▁for ▁themselves ▁and ▁to ▁construct ▁knowledge ▁by ▁working ▁answering ▁open - ended ▁questions ▁and ▁solving ▁real - world ▁problems . ▁To ▁do ▁this , ▁a ▁teacher ▁should ▁encou rage ▁curiosity ▁and ▁discussion ▁among ▁his / her ▁students ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁prom oting ▁their ▁aut onomy . ▁In ▁scientific ▁areas ▁in ▁the ▁class room , ▁construct iv ist ▁teachers ▁provide ▁raw ▁data ▁and ▁physical ▁materials ▁for ▁the ▁students ▁to ▁work ▁with ▁and ▁analyze . ▁ ▁Trans form ative ▁learning ▁theory ▁ ▁Trans form ative ▁learning ▁theory ▁see ks ▁to ▁explain ▁how ▁humans ▁rev ise ▁and ▁re inter pret ▁meaning . ▁Trans form ative ▁learning ▁is