▁show ▁that ▁these ▁two ▁aspects ▁of ▁inner ▁and ▁outer ▁freedom ▁are ▁integral ▁to ▁one ▁another , ▁and ▁that ▁true ▁freedom ▁is ▁only ▁achieved ▁when ▁they ▁are ▁un ited . ▁ ▁Free ▁will ▁as ▁a ▁p rag matically ▁useful ▁concept ▁William ▁James ' ▁views ▁were ▁amb ivalent . ▁While ▁he ▁believed ▁in ▁free ▁will ▁on ▁" eth ical ▁grounds ", ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁believe ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁evidence ▁for ▁it ▁on ▁scientific ▁grounds , ▁nor ▁did ▁his ▁own ▁intros pe ctions ▁support ▁it . ▁Ult imately ▁he ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁problem ▁of ▁free ▁will ▁was ▁a ▁met aph ys ical ▁issue ▁and , ▁therefore , ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁settled ▁by ▁science . ▁Moreover , ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁accept ▁in compat ibil ism ▁as ▁form ulated ▁below ; ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁believe ▁that ▁the ▁ind et erm in ism ▁of ▁human ▁actions ▁was ▁a ▁pr ere quis ite ▁of ▁moral ▁responsibility . ▁In ▁his ▁work ▁Prag mat ism , ▁he ▁wrote ▁that ▁" inst inct ▁and ▁utility ▁between ▁them ▁can ▁safely ▁be ▁trust ed ▁to ▁carry ▁on ▁the ▁social ▁business ▁of ▁pun ishment ▁and ▁pra ise " ▁regardless ▁of ▁met aph ys ical ▁theories . ▁He ▁did ▁believe ▁that ▁ind et erm in ism ▁is ▁important ▁as ▁a ▁" do ctrine ▁of ▁relief "   – ▁it ▁allows ▁for ▁the ▁view ▁that , ▁although ▁the ▁world ▁may ▁be ▁in ▁many ▁respect s ▁a ▁bad ▁place , ▁it ▁may , ▁through ▁individuals ' ▁actions , ▁become ▁a ▁better ▁one . ▁Det erm in ism , ▁he