▁born ▁in ▁C iego ▁de ▁Á v ila ▁and ▁studied ▁in ▁Hav ana ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁San ▁Ale j andro ▁Academy ▁in ▁Hav ana , ▁Cuba , ▁and ▁later ▁at ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Art ▁Institute ▁of ▁Chicago . ▁His ▁early ▁works ▁were ▁abstract , ▁moving ▁towards ▁figur ative ▁work ▁later ▁in ▁his ▁career . ▁After ▁the ▁Cub an ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁Martínez ▁helped ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁the ▁Cub an ▁Film ▁Institute ▁( IC A IC ), ▁Casa ▁de ▁las ▁Am ér icas ▁and ▁the ▁Cub an ▁Book ▁Institute , ▁through ▁his ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁fre el ance ▁graph ic ▁artist . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Ra úl ▁Martínez ▁was ▁a ▁well - r ounded ▁designer , ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁successful ▁in ▁just ▁about ▁every ▁art ▁form ▁he ▁purs ued : ▁from ▁the ▁early ▁abstract ▁paint ings ▁to ▁the ▁later ▁representative ▁ones ; ▁from ▁phot ography ▁to ▁college ; ▁from ▁screen ▁printing ▁movie ▁post ers ▁to ▁fre el ance ▁graph ic ▁design ▁for ▁government ▁institutions ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁I CA IC . ▁ ▁Origin ally ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁group ▁that ▁called ▁themselves ▁Los ▁Once ▁( The ▁Ele ven ), ▁Martínez ▁found ▁success ▁in ▁all ▁of ▁his ▁art istic ▁endeav ors ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁Martínez ▁was ▁born ▁Pub lio ▁Am able ▁Ra úl ▁Mart ine z ▁González ▁in ▁C iego ▁de ▁Á v ila , ▁Cuba , ▁on ▁ 1 ▁November ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁as