▁Norte ▁Ch ico ▁civil ization , ▁several ▁large , ▁central ized ▁civil izations ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁Hem is phere : ▁Ch av in , ▁Naz ca , ▁Mo che , ▁Hu ari , ▁Qu it us , ▁C añ aris , ▁Ch im u , ▁P ach ac am ac , ▁T ia hu an aco , ▁A ym ara ▁and ▁In ca ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁And es ▁( E cuador , ▁Peru ▁and ▁Boliv ia ); ▁M uis ca ▁in ▁Colombia ▁; ▁Ta ín os ▁in ▁Domin ican ▁Republic ▁( H isp ani ola , ▁Españ ola ) ▁and ▁part ▁of ▁Car ib bean ; ▁and ▁the ▁Ol m ec s , ▁May a , ▁Tol te cs , ▁Mix te cs , ▁Z ap ot ec s , ▁Az te cs ▁and ▁P ure pe cha ▁in ▁southern ▁North ▁America ▁( M ex ico , ▁Gu atem ala ). ▁ ▁The ▁Ol m ec ▁civil ization ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Mes o amer ican ▁civil ization , ▁beginning ▁around ▁ 1 6 0 0 - 1 4 0 0 ▁BC ▁and ▁ending ▁around ▁ 4 0 0 ▁BC . ▁Mes o amer ica ▁is ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁six ▁sites ▁around ▁the ▁glo be ▁in ▁which ▁civil ization ▁developed ▁independently ▁and ▁ind igen ously . ▁This ▁civil ization ▁is ▁considered ▁the ▁mother ▁culture ▁of ▁the ▁Mes o amer ican ▁civil izations . ▁The ▁Mes o amer ican ▁calendar , ▁numer al ▁system , ▁writing , ▁and ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁Mes o