ed ▁tool ▁heads . ▁ ▁Cloud - based ▁add itive ▁manufact uring ▁▁ ▁Add itive ▁manufact uring ▁in ▁combination ▁with ▁cloud ▁computing ▁techn ologies ▁allows ▁decent ral ized ▁and ▁ge ograph ically ▁independent ▁distributed ▁production . ▁Cloud - based ▁add itive ▁manufact uring ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁service - orient ed ▁network ed ▁manufact uring ▁model ▁in ▁which ▁service ▁consum ers ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁build ▁parts ▁through ▁In frastr ucture - as - a - Service ▁( I aa S ), ▁Platform - as - a - Service ▁( P aa S ), ▁Hard ware - as - a - Service ▁( H aa S ), ▁and ▁Software - as - a - Service ▁( S aa S ). ▁Dist ributed ▁manufact uring ▁as ▁such ▁is ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁some ▁enter pr ises ; ▁there ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁services ▁like ▁ 3 D ▁Hub s ▁that ▁put ▁people ▁need ing ▁ 3 D ▁printing ▁in ▁contact ▁with ▁own ers ▁of ▁printer s . ▁ ▁Some ▁companies ▁offer ▁online ▁ 3 D ▁printing ▁services ▁to ▁both ▁commercial ▁and ▁private ▁customers , ▁working ▁from ▁ 3 D ▁designs ▁uploaded ▁to ▁the ▁company ▁website . ▁ 3 D - print ed ▁designs ▁are ▁either ▁sh ipped ▁to ▁the ▁customer ▁or ▁picked ▁up ▁from ▁the ▁service ▁provider . ▁ ▁Mass ▁custom ization ▁▁ ▁Comp an ies ▁have ▁created ▁services ▁where ▁consum ers ▁can ▁custom ize ▁objects ▁using ▁simplified ▁web ▁based ▁custom ization ▁software , ▁and ▁order ▁the ▁resulting ▁items ▁as ▁ 3 D ▁printed ▁unique ▁objects . ▁This