▁as ▁pro self ▁orient ations ▁and ▁the ▁third ▁as ▁a ▁pro social ▁orientation . ▁There ▁is ▁much ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁pro social ▁and ▁pro self ▁individuals ▁behave ▁differently ▁when ▁confront ed ▁with ▁a ▁social ▁d ile m ma ▁in ▁the ▁labor atory ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁field . ▁People ▁with ▁pro social ▁orient ations ▁we igh ▁the ▁moral ▁imp lications ▁of ▁their ▁dec isions ▁more ▁and ▁see ▁co operation ▁as ▁the ▁most ▁prefer able ▁choice ▁in ▁a ▁social ▁d ile m ma . ▁When ▁there ▁are ▁conditions ▁of ▁scarc ity , ▁like ▁a ▁water ▁short age , ▁pro soci als ▁har vest ▁less ▁from ▁a ▁common ▁resource . ▁Similarly ▁pro soci als ▁are ▁more ▁concerned ▁about ▁the ▁environmental ▁consequences ▁of , ▁for ▁example , ▁taking ▁the ▁car ▁or ▁public ▁transport . ▁ ▁Research ▁on ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁social ▁value ▁orient ations ▁suggest ▁an ▁influence ▁of ▁factors ▁like ▁family ▁history ▁( pro soci als ▁have ▁more ▁sib ling ▁sister s ), ▁age ▁( older ▁people ▁are ▁more ▁pro social ), ▁culture ▁( more ▁individual ists ▁in ▁Western ▁cult ures ), ▁gender ▁( more ▁women ▁are ▁pro social ), ▁even ▁university ▁course ▁( e conom ics ▁students ▁are ▁less ▁pro social ). ▁However , ▁until ▁we ▁know ▁more ▁about ▁the ▁psych ological ▁mechan isms ▁underlying ▁these ▁social ▁value ▁orient ations ▁we ▁lack ▁a ▁good ▁basis ▁for ▁inter vent ions . ▁ ▁Another ▁factor ▁that ▁might ▁affect ▁the ▁weight ▁individuals ▁assign ▁to ▁group ▁out comes ▁is ▁the ▁possibility ▁of ▁communication . ▁A ▁robust ▁finding