plex ed ▁bel ie vers ▁in ▁the ▁super natural ▁and ▁scient ists ▁al ike . ▁Whether ▁it ▁is ▁viewed ▁as ▁evidence ▁of ▁super natural ▁activity , ▁something ▁for ▁scient ists ▁to ▁get ▁their ▁teeth ▁into ▁and ▁explain ▁log ically , ▁or ▁just ▁a ▁sc ary ▁tale ▁to ▁tell ▁by ▁the ▁fire ▁on ▁a ▁dark ▁night , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁truly ▁disturb ing ▁case . ▁ ▁" Sp irit ual ism " ▁- ▁Disc uss ing , ▁among ▁others , ▁Dr ▁Thomas ▁Gl enden ning ▁Hamilton ▁of ▁W inn ip eg ▁and ▁his ▁psych ic ▁experiments ▁which ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁with ▁the ▁aim ▁of ▁investig ating ▁rapp ings , ▁psych ok ines is , ▁e ct op las m ▁and ▁material is ations ▁under ▁scientific ▁conditions ▁that ▁would ▁rule ▁out ▁any ▁possibility ▁of ▁fra ud ▁and ▁minim ize ▁any ▁possibility ▁of ▁error . ▁ ▁" Ph il ip ▁The ▁Ghost " ▁- ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁Canadian ▁par aps ych olog ists ▁wanted ▁to ▁attempt ▁an ▁experiment ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁g host , ▁prov ing ▁their ▁theory ▁that ▁the ▁human ▁mind ▁can ▁produce ▁spirits ▁through ▁expectation , ▁imagination ▁and ▁visual ization . ▁The ▁experiment ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁Canada , ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁the ▁world - ren owned ▁expert ▁on ▁pol ter ge ists , ▁Dr ▁A . ▁R . ▁G . ▁O wen . ▁What ▁they ▁came ▁up ▁with ... ▁was ▁Philip