▁dec isions ▁are ▁ranked ▁in ▁decre asing ▁order ▁of ▁opportun eness , ▁for ▁a ▁given ▁wind fall ▁reward , ▁i . e ., ▁by ▁ ▁value , ▁meaning ▁ ▁if ▁▁ ▁The ▁opport une - wind fall ing ▁decision , ▁, ▁minim izes ▁the ▁opportun eness ▁function ▁on ▁the ▁set ▁of ▁available ▁dec isions . ▁ ▁Den ote ▁the ▁minimum ▁opportun eness ▁by ▁ ▁( form ally ▁ ▁for ▁the ▁minimum ▁opportun eness ▁for ▁a ▁given ▁wind fall ▁reward ), ▁and ▁the ▁corresponding ▁decision ▁( or ▁dec isions ) ▁by ▁ ▁( form ally , ▁ ▁the ▁wind fall ▁optim izing ▁action ▁for ▁a ▁given ▁level ▁of ▁wind fall ▁reward ): ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁preference ▁rank ings , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁corresponding ▁the ▁optimal ▁dec isions ▁ ▁and ▁, ▁may ▁be ▁different , ▁and ▁may ▁vary ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁values ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁App lications ▁ ▁Info - g ap ▁theory ▁has ▁generated ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁literature . ▁Info - g ap ▁theory ▁has ▁been ▁studied ▁or ▁applied ▁in ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁applications ▁including ▁engineering ▁▁▁▁ ▁, ▁bi ological ▁conservation ▁▁▁▁ ▁, ▁theoretical ▁bi ology , ▁hom eland ▁security , ▁econom ics ▁▁ ▁, ▁ ▁project ▁management ▁▁ ▁and ▁statistics ▁ ▁. ▁Found ational ▁issues ▁related ▁to ▁info - g ap ▁theory ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁studied ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁remainder ▁of ▁this ▁section ▁describes ▁in ▁a ▁little ▁more ▁detail ▁the ▁kind ▁of ▁un cert aint ies ▁addressed ▁by ▁info - g ap ▁theory . ▁Although ▁many ▁published ▁works ▁are ▁mentioned