▁a ▁U . S . ▁ 9 th ▁Circ uit ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁r uling ▁which ▁held ▁that ▁the ▁Americans ▁With ▁Dis abilities ▁Act ▁protect s ▁access ▁not ▁just ▁brick - and - mort ar ▁public ▁accommod ations , ▁but ▁also ▁to ▁the ▁websites ▁and ▁apps ▁of ▁those ▁business es . ▁ ▁Re action ▁ ▁Crit ic ism ▁ ▁Emp loyment ▁The ▁A DA ▁has ▁been ▁critic ized ▁on ▁the ▁grounds ▁that ▁it ▁decre ases ▁the ▁employ ment ▁rate ▁for ▁people ▁with ▁dis abilities ▁and ▁ra ises ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁doing ▁business ▁for ▁employ ers , ▁in ▁large ▁part ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁additional ▁legal ▁ris ks , ▁which ▁employ ers ▁avoid ▁by ▁quietly ▁avoid ing ▁h iring ▁people ▁with ▁dis abilities . ▁Some ▁research ers ▁believe ▁that ▁the ▁law ▁has ▁been ▁in effect ual . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁( after ▁the ▁en act ment ▁of ▁the ▁A DA ) ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁the ▁employ ment ▁rate ▁of ▁men ▁with ▁dis abilities ▁dropped ▁by ▁ 7 . 8 % ▁regardless ▁of ▁age , ▁educational ▁level , ▁or ▁type ▁of ▁dis ability , ▁with ▁the ▁most ▁affected ▁being ▁young , ▁less - ed uc ated ▁and ▁ment ally ▁disabled ▁men . ▁Despite ▁the ▁many ▁critic isms , ▁a ▁caus al ▁link ▁between ▁the ▁A DA ▁and ▁decl ining ▁disabled ▁employ ment ▁over ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁definit ively ▁identified . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1