7 2 ▁The ▁text , ▁like ▁other ▁Up an ish ads , ▁also ▁discuss es ▁eth ics . ▁ ▁Mand uk ya ▁Up an ish ad ▁The ▁Mand uk ya ▁Up an ish ad ▁is ▁the ▁short est ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁Up an ish ads , ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Ath ar v av eda ▁text . ▁The ▁text ▁discuss es ▁the ▁sy ll able ▁Om , ▁presents ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁four ▁states ▁of ▁conscious ness , ▁as ser ts ▁the ▁existence ▁and ▁nature ▁of ▁At man ▁( S oul , ▁Self ). ▁ ▁The ▁Mand uk ya ▁Up an ish ad ▁is ▁notable ▁for ▁insp iring ▁Ga ud ap ada ' s ▁Kar ika , ▁a ▁classic ▁for ▁the ▁V ed anta ▁school ▁of ▁H indu ism . ▁Mand uk ya ▁Up an ish ad ▁is ▁among ▁the ▁oft ▁c ited ▁texts ▁on ▁chron ology ▁and ▁philosoph ical ▁relationship ▁between ▁H indu ism ▁and ▁Buddh ism . ▁ ▁Pr ash na ▁Up an ish ad ▁The ▁Pr ash na ▁Up an ish ad ▁is ▁from ▁the ▁P ai pp al ada ▁school ▁of ▁Ath ar v aved ins . ▁ ▁The ▁text ▁contains ▁six ▁Pr ash na ▁( questions ), ▁and ▁each ▁is ▁a ▁chapter ▁with ▁a ▁discussion ▁of ▁answers . E du ard ▁Ro er , ▁Pr ash na ▁Up an ish ad ▁Bibli othe ca ▁Ind ica , ▁Vol . ▁XV , ▁No . ▁ 4 1 ▁and ▁ 5 0 , ▁A si atic ▁Society ▁of ▁Beng al , ▁pages