1 9 9 9 ▁paper back ▁repr int . ▁ ▁Johan ▁G altung ▁and ▁So h ail ▁In ay at ul lah , ▁Mac ro history ▁and ▁Mac ro histor ians : ▁Pers pect ives ▁on ▁Ind ividual , ▁Social , ▁and ▁Civil iz ational ▁Change , ▁Pra eg er ▁Publish ers , ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁. ▁ ▁So h ail ▁In ay at ul lah , ▁Under standing ▁P . ▁R . ▁S ark ar : ▁The ▁Indian ▁Ep ist eme , ▁Mac ro history ▁and ▁Trans form ative ▁Know ledge , ▁Br ill ▁Academ ic ▁Publish ers , ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁. ▁ ▁Kor ot ay ev ▁A ., ▁M alk ov ▁A ., ▁& ▁K halt our ina ▁D . ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Introduction ▁to ▁Social ▁Mac rod ynam ics : ▁Sec ular ▁Cy cles ▁and ▁Mill enn ial ▁Tr ends . ▁Moscow : ▁U R SS . ▁. ▁Chapter ▁ 4 . ▁ ▁Kor ot ay ev , ▁A . ▁& ▁K halt our ina ▁D . ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Introduction ▁to ▁Social ▁Mac rod ynam ics : ▁Sec ular ▁Cy cles ▁and ▁Mill enn ial ▁Tr ends ▁in ▁Africa . ▁Moscow : ▁U R SS . ▁▁ ▁N ef ed ov , ▁S . ▁A . ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁A ▁Theory ▁of ▁Dem ographic ▁Cy cles ▁and ▁the ▁Social ▁E volution ▁of ▁An cient ▁and ▁Med ieval ▁Oriental ▁Soci eties . ▁Ori ens