N - α ▁or ▁IF N - β ▁stim ulation , ▁ST AT 1 ▁forms ▁a ▁heter od imer ▁with ▁ST AT 2 ▁that ▁can ▁bind ▁the ▁IS RE ▁( Inter fer on - St im ulated ▁Response ▁Element ) ▁prom oter ▁element . ▁ ▁In ▁either ▁case , ▁binding ▁of ▁the ▁prom oter ▁element ▁leads ▁to ▁an ▁increased ▁expression ▁of ▁IS G ▁( Inter fer on - St im ulated ▁Gen es ). ▁ ▁Expression ▁of ▁ST AT 1 ▁can ▁be ▁induced ▁with ▁d ial ly l ▁dis ulf ide , ▁a ▁comp ound ▁in ▁gar lic . ▁ ▁Mut ations ▁of ▁ST AT 1 ▁ ▁Mut ations ▁in ▁the ▁ST AT 1 ▁mole c ule ▁can ▁be ▁gain ▁of ▁function ▁( G OF ) ▁or ▁loss ▁of ▁function ▁( LO F ). ▁Both ▁of ▁them ▁can ▁cause ▁different ▁phen ot ypes ▁and ▁sympt oms . ▁Rec urr ing ▁common ▁in fe ctions ▁are ▁frequent ▁in ▁both ▁G OF ▁and ▁L OF ▁mut ations . ▁ ▁L oss ▁of ▁function ▁ ▁ST AT 1 ▁loss ▁of ▁function , ▁therefore ▁ST AT 1 ▁def ic iency ▁can ▁have ▁many ▁variants . ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁main ▁gen etic ▁imp air ments ▁that ▁can ▁cause ▁response ▁to ▁inter fer ons ▁type ▁I ▁and ▁III . ▁First ▁there ▁can ▁be ▁aut os om al ▁re cess ive ▁partial ▁or ▁even ▁complete ▁def ic iency ▁of ▁ST AT 1 . ▁That ▁causes ▁int rac ell ular ▁b acter ial ▁dise ases ▁or ▁vir al ▁in fe ctions