▁ash , ▁po zz ol ana ), ▁sil ica ▁sand , ▁bl ast ▁furn ace ▁sl ag , ▁or ▁Port land ▁c ement ▁( or ▁bl ends ▁of ▁these ▁ing red ients ). ▁ ▁Classification ▁and ▁field - usage ▁potential ▁The ▁term ▁" ener get ically ▁modified ▁c ement " ▁( ab bre vi ated ▁as ▁" E MC " ▁or ▁" E MC ▁c ement ") ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁class ▁of ▁c ement it ious ▁materials ▁which ▁have ▁been ▁produced ▁using ▁a ▁special ▁activation ▁process . ▁This ▁process ▁is ▁entirely ▁mechanical , ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁thermal , ▁and ▁is ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁fin ely ▁gr inding ▁the ▁materials ▁to ▁increase ▁binding ▁capacity . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁several ▁types ▁of ▁ener get ically ▁modified ▁c ements , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁raw ▁materials ▁used ; ▁all ▁contain ▁some ▁proportion ▁of ▁conventional ▁Port land ▁c ement , ▁which ▁may ▁itself ▁under go ▁E MC ▁Activ ation , ▁and ▁many ▁contain ▁supp lement ary ▁c ement it ious ▁materials . ▁E MC s ▁can ▁be ▁produced ▁with ▁less ▁energy ▁and ▁carbon ▁dio x ide ▁production ▁than ▁traditional ▁c ements . ▁ ▁Each ▁type ▁of ▁ener get ically ▁modified ▁c ement ▁has ▁its ▁own ▁performance ▁characteristics , ▁including ▁mechanical ▁load . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁frequently ▁used ▁E MC s ▁are ▁made ▁from ▁fly ▁ash ▁and ▁natural ▁po zz ol ans ; ▁these ▁are ▁relatively ▁abund ant ▁materials , ▁and ▁the ▁performance ▁characteristics ▁are ▁relatively ▁close ▁to ▁those ▁of ▁Port land ▁c ement ▁while ▁providing ▁energy ▁and ▁carbon