▁who ▁published ▁detailed ▁draw ings ▁of ▁the ▁organ ism ▁in ▁" M icro scop ical ▁observations ▁and ▁path ological ▁dedu ctions ▁on ▁ch ol era " ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 4 . ▁He ▁published ▁further ▁papers ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 6 , ▁ 1 8 7 1 , ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁and ▁ 1 8 8 0 , ▁which ▁were ▁ignored ▁by ▁the ▁scientific ▁community . ▁ ▁He ▁correctly ▁described ▁how ▁the ▁b acter ia ▁caused ▁di arr he a , ▁and ▁developed ▁treat ments ▁that ▁were ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁effective . ▁Wh ilst ▁John ▁Snow ' s ▁ed p ide mi ology ▁maps ▁were ▁well ▁recogn ised , ▁and ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁the ▁Broad ▁Street ▁p ump ▁handle , ▁e . g . ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁Broad ▁Street ▁ch ol era ▁out break . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 4 , ▁scientific ▁represent atives ▁from ▁ 2 1 ▁countries ▁voted ▁un anim ously ▁to ▁resolve ▁that ▁ch ol era ▁was ▁caused ▁by ▁environmental ▁to x ins ▁from ▁m ias mat as , ▁or ▁clouds ▁of ▁un he alth y ▁subst ances ▁which ▁float ▁in ▁the ▁air . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 4 , ▁Robert ▁Koch ▁re - dis cover ed ▁V ib rio ▁ch ol era e ▁as ▁a ▁caus al ▁element ▁in ▁ch ol era . ▁Some ▁scient ists ▁opposed ▁the ▁new ▁theory , ▁and ▁even ▁d rank ▁ch ol era ▁cult ures ▁to ▁dis pro ve ▁it : ▁ ▁Von