▁of ▁over la pping ▁federal ▁and ▁provincial ▁laws . ▁The ▁Court ▁held ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁conflict ▁between ▁federal ▁dangerous ▁driving ▁off ences , ▁which ▁only ▁prohib ited ▁" ad vert ent " ▁neg lig ence ▁and ▁provincial ▁care less ▁driving ▁off ences , ▁which ▁included ▁" in ad vert ent " ▁neg lig ence . ▁The ▁analysis ▁used ▁here ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁param ount cy ▁doctrine . ▁ ▁Background ▁The ▁def endant ▁was ▁charged ▁under ▁section ▁ 5 5 ( 1 ) ▁of ▁Man it oba ' s ▁Highway ▁Tra ffic ▁Act ▁which ▁prohib ited ▁driving ▁“ on ▁a ▁highway ▁without ▁due ▁care ▁and ▁attention ▁or ▁without ▁reasonable ▁consideration ▁for ▁other ▁persons ▁using ▁the ▁highway ”. ▁The ▁def endant ▁challeng ed ▁the ▁law , ▁claim ing ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁beyond ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁the ▁province ▁because ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁had ▁“ occup ied ▁the ▁field ” ▁with ▁a ▁similar ▁criminal ▁provision ▁in ▁the ▁C riminal ▁Code , ▁which ▁prohib ited ▁driving ▁with ▁" w anton ▁or ▁reck less ▁dis reg ard ▁for ▁the ▁lives ▁or ▁safety ▁of ▁other ▁persons ." ▁ ▁The ▁issue ▁before ▁the ▁Court ▁was ▁whether ▁provincial ▁laws ▁rel ating ▁to ▁neg lig ence ▁with ▁pen al ▁consequences ▁would ▁necessarily ▁be ▁a ▁criminal ▁law ▁and ▁thus ▁enc ro ach ▁on ▁federal ▁juris diction . ▁ ▁Op in ion ▁of ▁the ▁Court ▁The ▁opinion ▁of ▁the ▁Court ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Jud son ▁J ., ▁ ▁with ▁Ker win , ▁Tas ch ere au , ▁Fa ute ux , ▁Abb