▁bank . ▁ ▁Such ▁campaign s ▁and ▁market ing ▁communic ations , ▁designed ▁to ▁public ize ▁and ▁highlight ▁organiz ational ▁C SR ▁policies ▁to ▁various ▁st ake hold ers , ▁affect ▁corpor ate ▁reputation ▁and ▁brand ▁image , ▁but ▁the ▁pro l ifer ation ▁of ▁un subst anti ated ▁eth ical ▁claims ▁and ▁green w ash ing ▁by ▁some ▁companies ▁has ▁resulted ▁in ▁increasing ▁consumer ▁c yn ic ism ▁and ▁m istr ust . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁the ▁mid ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁the ▁environmental ▁movement ▁gained ▁momentum . ▁This ▁popular ity ▁prompt ed ▁many ▁companies ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁new ▁green ▁image ▁through ▁advert ising . ▁Jerry ▁M ander , ▁a ▁former ▁Mad ison ▁Avenue ▁advert ising ▁executive , ▁called ▁this ▁new ▁form ▁of ▁advert ising ▁" ec op orn ography ." ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁Earth ▁Day ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁This ▁encourag ed ▁many ▁indust ries ▁to ▁advert ise ▁themselves ▁as ▁being ▁friendly ▁to ▁the ▁environment . ▁Public ▁util ities ▁spent ▁ 3 0 0 ▁million ▁dollars ▁advert ising ▁themselves ▁as ▁clean ▁green ▁companies . ▁This ▁was ▁eight ▁times ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁money ▁they ▁spent ▁on ▁poll ution ▁reduction ▁research . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁the ▁Che v ron ▁Corporation ▁launched ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁famous ▁green w ash ing ▁ad ▁campaign s ▁in ▁history . ▁Che v ron ' s ▁" Pe ople ▁Do " ▁advert is ements ▁were ▁aim ed ▁at ▁a ▁"