neg ie ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁to ▁build ▁a ▁ 4 3 5 - Me V ▁syn ch ro cy cl ot ron ▁led ▁by ▁Edward ▁Cre utz ▁and ▁to ▁start ▁its ▁nuclear ▁physics ▁research ▁program . ▁The ▁second ▁initi ative ▁was ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁for ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁to ▁build ▁a ▁ 4 5 0 - Me V ▁syn ch ro cy cl ot ron ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁En rico ▁F erm i . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁University ▁of ▁Ro chester ▁completed ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁its ▁ 2 4 0 - Me V ▁syn ch ro cy cl ot ron , ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁completion ▁of ▁ 3 8 0 - Me V ▁syn ch ro cy cl ot ron ▁at ▁Columbia ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁the ▁ 4 3 5 - Me V ▁syn ch ro cy cl ot ron ▁at ▁Car neg ie ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁was ▁oper ational , ▁followed ▁by ▁ 4 5 0 - Me V ▁syn ch ro cy cl ot ron ▁of ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 . ▁ ▁At ▁a ▁UN ES CO ▁meeting ▁in ▁Paris ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁discussion ▁on ▁finding ▁a ▁solution ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁medium - energy ▁acceler ator ▁for ▁the ▁soon - to - be - formed ▁European ▁Organ ization ▁for ▁N uc lear ▁Research ▁( C ER N