ction ▁(- ), ▁and ▁playing ▁outside ▁at ▁re cess . ▁Fort y - three ▁of ▁the ▁fifty ▁states ▁require ▁their ▁school ▁districts ▁to ▁offer ▁a ▁kind erg arten ▁year . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Forest ▁kind erg arten ▁ ▁Head ▁Start ▁Program ▁ ▁Mont ess ori ▁education ▁ ▁Pre - math ▁skills ▁ ▁Reg gio ▁Em ilia ▁approach ▁ ▁Universal ▁pr esch ool ▁ ▁Wald orf ▁education ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁reading ▁list ▁rel ates ▁specifically ▁to ▁kind erg arten ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁year ▁of ▁formal ▁school ing ▁and ▁not ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁pre - school ▁system ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁world : ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Gul lo , ▁D . ▁F . ▁( 1 9 9 0 ). ▁" The ▁changing ▁family ▁context : ▁Imp lications ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁all - day ▁kind erg arten ." ▁Young ▁Children , ▁ 4 5 ( 4 ), ▁ 3 5 – 3 9 . ▁E J ▁ 4 0 9 ▁ 1 1 0 . ▁ ▁H ous den , ▁T ., ▁& ▁Kam , ▁R . ▁( 1 9 9 2 ). ▁" Full - day ▁kind erg arten : ▁A ▁summary ▁of ▁the ▁research ." ▁Car m ich ael , ▁CA : ▁San ▁Juan ▁Un ified ▁School ▁District . ▁ED ▁ 3 4 5 ▁ 8 6 8 . ▁ ▁Kar weit , ▁N . ▁( 1 9 9 2 ). ▁" The ▁kind erg arten ▁experience ." ▁Edu