▁this ▁period ". ▁It ▁was ▁run ▁by ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁psych iat rist s ▁and ▁activ ists ▁who ▁believed ▁that ▁mental ▁ill ness ▁was ▁best ▁treated ▁by ▁social ▁change , ▁not ▁behaviour ▁modification . ▁Their ▁mot to ▁was ▁" Th er apy ▁means ▁social , ▁political ▁and ▁personal ▁change , ▁not ▁adjust ment ". ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁a ▁movement ▁developed ▁to ▁challenge ▁many ▁princip als ▁of ▁psych iat ry ▁and ▁dispute ▁the ▁mental ▁health ▁system ▁as ▁a ▁successful ▁human itar ian ▁enter prise . ▁The ▁challenge ▁came ▁from ▁Ernest ▁Be cker , ▁Er ving ▁G off man , ▁R . D . ▁La ing , ▁Thomas ▁Sch eff , ▁and ▁Thomas ▁Sz asz . ▁Their ▁writ ings , ▁along ▁with ▁articles ▁in ▁the ▁journal ▁The ▁Rad ical ▁Ther ap ist , ▁were ▁given ▁the ▁um bre lla ▁label ▁anti - ps ych iat ry ▁despite ▁wide ▁diver gen ces ▁in ▁philosophy . ▁This ▁critical ▁literature , ▁with ▁an ▁associated ▁left - wing ▁activ ist ▁movement , ▁" emph as ized ▁the ▁h eg em ony ▁of ▁medical ▁model ▁psych iat ry , ▁its ▁sp ur ious ▁sources ▁of ▁authority , ▁its ▁myst ification ▁of ▁human ▁problems , ▁and ▁the ▁more ▁opp ress ive ▁practices ▁of ▁the ▁mental ▁health ▁system , ▁such ▁as ▁invol unt ary ▁hospital isation , ▁dru gg ing , ▁and ▁electro sh ock ". ▁ ▁Begin nings : ▁Min ot , ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁The ▁Rad ical ▁Ther ap ist ▁took