▁the ▁C oss ack ▁Het man ate ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁mid ▁sevent e enth ▁century ▁lands ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁D n ip ro ▁River ▁successfully ▁re bel led ▁against ▁the ▁Polish - L ith uan ian ▁Commonwealth , ▁and ▁after ▁a ▁brief ▁period ▁of ▁independence ▁became ▁an ▁autonom ous ▁area ▁under ▁the ▁Russian ▁Empire . ▁ ▁In ▁this ▁region ▁some ▁Pol es ▁and ▁Pol on ized ▁Ukrain ian ▁nobles ▁who ▁had ▁joined ▁the ▁C oss acks ▁remained ▁and ▁in ▁some ▁cases ▁even ▁obtained ▁high ▁positions ▁in ▁the ▁local ▁administration . ▁ ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁Polish ▁nobles , ▁however , ▁were ▁exp elled ▁and ▁their ▁political ▁influence ▁elimin ated . ▁ ▁Polish ▁influence ▁upon ▁the ▁local ▁Ukrain ian ▁culture ▁remained ▁strong ▁until ▁the ▁mid ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁however . ▁ ▁The ▁Polish ▁language ▁was ▁the ▁administrative ▁language ▁of ▁the ▁Het man ate ▁and ▁the ▁language ▁of ▁command ▁for ▁the ▁Het man ate ' s ▁military ▁forces . ▁The ▁Het man ate ' s ▁most ▁prominent ▁schools , ▁the ▁K iev ▁Academy ▁and ▁Ch ern ih iv ▁Colleg ium , ▁used ▁Polish ▁and ▁Latin ▁as ▁languages ▁of ▁instruction . ▁Polish ▁was ▁taught ▁in ▁schools ▁and ▁K iev ▁and ▁Ch ern ih iv ▁hosted ▁Polish ▁printing - h ouses . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Nin ete enth ▁and ▁Early ▁Tw enti eth ▁Cent uries ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁resulting ▁from ▁joint ▁Part itions ▁of ▁Poland ▁with ▁Austria - H ung ary ▁and ▁the ▁German ▁Empire ,