. ▁Ste u co ' s ▁influence ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁throughout ▁Le ib n iz ' s ▁works , ▁but ▁the ▁German ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁phil os opher ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁per enn ial ▁philosophy ▁without ▁mention ing ▁the ▁Italian . ▁ ▁Popular isation ▁ ▁Trans c endent al ism ▁and ▁Un itar ian ▁Universal ism ▁ ▁Ralph ▁Wal do ▁Em erson ▁( 1 8 0 3 – 1 8 8 2 ) ▁was ▁a ▁pione er ▁of ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁spiritual ity ▁as ▁a ▁distinct ▁field . ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁figures ▁in ▁Trans c endent al ism , ▁which ▁was ▁root ed ▁in ▁English ▁and ▁German ▁Rom antic ism , ▁the ▁Bib lic al ▁criticism ▁of ▁Her der ▁and ▁Sch le ier m acher , ▁and ▁the ▁ske ptic ism ▁of ▁H ume . ▁The ▁Trans c endent al ists ▁emphas ised ▁an ▁intuit ive , ▁exper ient ial ▁approach ▁of ▁religion .< ref ▁group = web ▁name =" L ew is "> [ http :// www . trans c endent al ists . com / what . htm ▁J one ▁John ▁Lewis , ▁What ▁is ▁Trans c endent al ism ?" ] </ ref > ▁Following ▁Sch le ier m acher , ▁an ▁individual ' s ▁intu ition ▁of ▁truth ▁was ▁taken ▁as ▁the ▁criter ion ▁for ▁truth . ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 8 th ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁the ▁first ▁transl ations ▁of ▁H indu ▁texts ▁appeared , ▁which ▁were ▁also