▁Roman i ▁individuals ▁throughout ▁the ▁German - spe aking ▁lands . ▁It ▁did ▁not ▁officially ▁close ▁down ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁The ▁results ▁were ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁in ▁D ill mann ' s ▁Z ige un er - B uch , ▁which ▁was ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁years ▁as ▁just ification ▁for ▁the ▁Por aj mos . ▁It ▁described ▁the ▁Roman i ▁people ▁as ▁a ▁" pl ague " ▁and ▁a ▁" men ace ", ▁but ▁almost ▁exclus ively ▁character ized ▁" G y ps y ▁crime " ▁as ▁tres pass ing ▁and ▁the ▁the ft ▁of ▁food . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁during ▁Cong r essional ▁debate ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 6 ▁over ▁the ▁Four teenth ▁Am end ment ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Constitution ▁which ▁would ▁subsequently ▁grant ▁citizens hip ▁to ▁all ▁persons ▁born ▁within ▁U . S . ▁territory , ▁an ▁ob jection ▁raised ▁was ▁that ▁a ▁consequence ▁of ▁en act ing ▁the ▁am end ment ▁would ▁be ▁to ▁grant ▁citizens hip ▁to ▁Gy ps ies ▁and ▁other ▁groups ▁perce ived ▁by ▁some ▁as ▁und es irable . ▁ ▁Pennsylvania ▁Senator ▁Ed gar ▁Cow an ▁stated , ▁▁ ▁In ▁response ▁Senator ▁John ▁Con ness ▁of ▁California ▁observed , ▁ ▁Por aj mos ▁ ▁Per sec ution ▁of ▁Roman i ▁people ▁reached ▁a ▁peak ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁in ▁the ▁Por aj mos ▁( liter ally , ▁the ▁dev our ing ), ▁a ▁descript ive ▁ne olog ism ▁for ▁the ▁Naz i ▁gen