▁people ▁were ▁killed ▁when ▁police ▁opened ▁fire ▁on ▁anti - ap art heid ▁protest ers . ▁ ▁u M kh onto ▁we ▁S iz we ▁ ▁u M kh onto ▁we ▁S iz we ▁or ▁M K , ▁translated ▁" The ▁Spe ar ▁of ▁the ▁Nation ", ▁was ▁the ▁military ▁wing ▁of ▁the ▁AN C . ▁Part ly ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁Sh ar pe ville ▁mass acre ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁individual ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁AN C ▁found ▁it ▁necessary ▁to ▁consider ▁violence ▁to ▁combat ▁what ▁pass ive ▁protest s ▁had ▁failed ▁to ▁qu ell . ▁ ▁In ▁co - operation ▁with ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁Commun ist ▁Party , ▁M K ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 . ▁M K ▁comm enced ▁the ▁military ▁struggle ▁against ▁apart heid ▁with ▁acts ▁of ▁sab ot age ▁aim ed ▁at ▁the ▁install ations ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁stages ▁was ▁rel uct ant ▁to ▁target ▁civil ian ▁targets . ▁ ▁M K ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁death s ▁of ▁both ▁civ ili ans ▁and ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁military . ▁Act s ▁committed ▁by ▁M K ▁include ▁the ▁Church ▁Street ▁bomb ing , ▁the ▁Mag oo ' s ▁Bar ▁bomb ing ▁and ▁bomb ing ▁a ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁Standard ▁Bank ▁in ▁Ro ode po ort . ▁It ▁was ▁integrated ▁into ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁National ▁Def ence ▁Force ▁by ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁AN C ▁and ▁its ▁members ▁were ▁officially ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁US ▁terror