▁reconst ruction ▁of ▁the ▁e ard rum ▁( t ym pan ic ▁memb rane ) ▁and / or ▁the ▁small ▁b ones ▁of ▁the ▁middle ▁ear ▁( oss icles ). ▁ ▁Classification ▁T ym pan op last y ▁is ▁class ified ▁into ▁five ▁different ▁types , ▁originally ▁described ▁by ▁Hor st ▁Ludwig ▁W ull stein ▁( 1 9 0 6 – 1 9 8 7 ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁ ▁Type ▁ 1 ▁involves ▁repair ▁of ▁the ▁tym pan ic ▁memb rane ▁alone , ▁when ▁the ▁middle ▁ear ▁is ▁normal . ▁A ▁type ▁ 1 ▁tym pan op last y ▁is ▁syn onymous ▁to ▁my ring op last y . ▁ ▁Type ▁ 2 ▁involves ▁repair ▁of ▁the ▁tym pan ic ▁memb rane ▁and ▁middle ▁ear ▁in ▁spite ▁of ▁slight ▁defect s ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁ear ▁o ss icles . ▁ ▁Type ▁ 3 ▁involves ▁removal ▁of ▁o ss icles ▁and ▁ep ity mp an um ▁when ▁there ▁are ▁large ▁defect s ▁of ▁the ▁m alle us ▁and ▁inc us . ▁The ▁tym pan ic ▁memb rane ▁is ▁rep a ired ▁and ▁directly ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁st apes . ▁ ▁Type ▁ 4 ▁describes ▁a ▁repair ▁when ▁the ▁st apes ▁foot ▁plate ▁is ▁mov able , ▁but ▁the ▁cr ura ▁are ▁missing . ▁The ▁resulting ▁middle ▁ear ▁will ▁only ▁consist ▁of ▁the ▁E ust ach ian ▁t ube ▁and ▁hyp ot ym pan um . ▁ ▁Type ▁ 5 ▁is ▁a ▁repair ▁involving ▁a ▁fixed ▁st