▁analyz ed ▁academic ▁discipl ines ▁in ▁two ▁books , ▁Department ▁and ▁Dis cipl ine ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁and ▁Cha os ▁of ▁Dis cipl ine ▁( 2 0 0 1 ). ▁The ▁first ▁book ▁analy zes ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁soci ology ▁at ▁Chicago ▁and ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Journal ▁of ▁Soci ology . ▁The ▁second ▁provides ▁a ▁system atic ▁approach ▁to ▁the ▁intellectual ▁development ▁of ▁discipl ines . ▁With ▁the ▁re cons ider ation ▁of ▁' how ▁knowledge ▁changes ▁and ▁adv ances ' ▁he ▁challeng es ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁social ▁sciences ▁being ▁in ▁' a ▁perpet ual ▁state ▁of ▁progress ' ▁stating ▁them ▁cy cling ▁around ▁' an ▁in ev itable ▁pattern ▁of ▁core ▁principles '. ▁ ▁Abb ott ▁has ▁written ▁also ▁about ▁knowledge ▁production ▁in ▁Method s ▁of ▁Disc overy ▁( 2 0 0 4 ▁- ▁a ▁hand book ▁for ▁social ▁science ▁he ur istics ) ▁and ▁Digital ▁P aper ▁( 2 0 1 4 ▁– ▁a ▁hand book ▁for ▁research ▁with ▁data ▁found ▁in ▁libraries ▁or ▁on ▁the ▁internet ). ▁He ▁analy zes ▁the ▁various ▁ways ▁of ▁knowing ▁and ▁its ▁relation ▁to ▁materials . ▁The ▁ways ▁of ▁acqu iring ▁knowledge ▁and ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁knowledge ▁is ▁reflected ▁in ▁the ▁both ▁books : ▁from ▁he ur istics ▁analysis ▁to ▁the ▁organisation ▁of ▁the ▁research : ▁The ▁library ▁research ▁in ▁the ▁Digital ▁P aper ▁is ▁broken ▁down ▁' into ▁seven ▁basic ▁and ▁simultane ous ▁tasks : ▁design , ▁search , ▁sc anning / brow sing , ▁reading ,