▁Arist ot le , ▁Gal en , ▁Hi pp ocr ates , ▁P to le my , ▁and ▁Eu cl id ▁were ▁saved ▁and ▁distributed ▁throughout ▁the ▁emp ire ▁( and ▁eventually ▁into ▁Europe ) ▁in ▁this ▁manner . ▁Muslim ▁sch ol ars ▁also ▁discovered ▁the ▁H indu - A rab ic ▁numer al ▁system ▁in ▁their ▁con quest s ▁of ▁south ▁Asia . ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁this ▁system ▁in ▁Muslim ▁trade ▁and ▁political ▁institutions ▁allowed ▁for ▁the ▁event ual ▁popular ization ▁of ▁it ▁around ▁the ▁world ; ▁this ▁number ▁system ▁would ▁be ▁critical ▁to ▁the ▁Scient ific ▁revolution ▁in ▁Europe . ▁Muslim ▁intellect uals ▁would ▁become ▁exper ts ▁in ▁chem istry , ▁opt ics , ▁and ▁map making ▁during ▁the ▁Abb as id ▁C ali ph ate . ▁In ▁the ▁arts , ▁Abb as id ▁architecture ▁expanded ▁upon ▁Um ay y ad ▁architecture , ▁with ▁larger ▁and ▁more ▁extra v ag ant ▁mos ques . ▁Pers ian ▁literature ▁grew ▁based ▁on ▁eth ical ▁values . ▁Astronom y ▁was ▁str essed ▁in ▁art . ▁Much ▁of ▁this ▁learning ▁would ▁find ▁its ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁West . ▁This ▁was ▁especially ▁true ▁during ▁the ▁cr us ades , ▁as ▁war riors ▁would ▁bring ▁back ▁Muslim ▁tre asures , ▁weapons , ▁and ▁medic inal ▁methods . ▁ ▁Tur ks , ▁Cr us aders , ▁and ▁Mong ols ▁ ▁The ▁domin ance ▁of ▁the ▁Arab s ▁came ▁to ▁a ▁sudden ▁end ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 1 th ▁century ▁with ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁the ▁Sel ju q