▁of ▁both ▁stress ▁and ▁de pression . ▁Health ▁care ▁costs ▁increase ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 % ▁in ▁those ▁with ▁de pression ▁and ▁high ▁occup ational ▁stress . ▁Additionally , ▁periods ▁of ▁dis ability ▁due ▁to ▁job ▁stress ▁tend ▁to ▁be ▁much ▁longer ▁than ▁dis ability ▁periods ▁for ▁other ▁occup ational ▁inj uries ▁and ▁ill ness es . ▁Occ up ational ▁stress ▁has ▁negative ▁effects ▁for ▁organizations ▁and ▁employ ers . ▁Occ up ational ▁stress ▁cont ributes ▁to ▁turn over ▁and ▁abs ente e ism . ▁ ▁Phys i ological ▁re actions ▁to ▁stress ▁can ▁have ▁consequences ▁for ▁health ▁over ▁time . ▁Research ers ▁have ▁been ▁studying ▁how ▁stress ▁affect s ▁the ▁card i ov asc ular ▁system , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁how ▁work ▁stress ▁can ▁lead ▁to ▁hy pert ension ▁and ▁coron ary ▁ar tery ▁disease . ▁These ▁dise ases , ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁stress - indu ced ▁ill ness es ▁tend ▁to ▁be ▁quite ▁common ▁in ▁American ▁work - p laces . ▁There ▁are ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁phys i ological ▁re actions ▁to ▁stress ▁including ▁the ▁following : ▁Blood ▁is ▁sh unted ▁to ▁the ▁brain ▁and ▁large ▁mus cle ▁groups , ▁and ▁away ▁from ▁extrem ities ▁and ▁skin . ▁Activity ▁in ▁an ▁area ▁near ▁the ▁brain ▁stem ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁ret icular ▁activ ating ▁system ▁increases , ▁causing ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁keen ▁alert ness ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁sh ar pen ing ▁of ▁hearing ▁and ▁vision . ▁Ep ine phr ine ▁is ▁released ▁into ▁the ▁blood . ▁The ▁H PA ▁axis ▁is