. ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁Polish ▁verb ▁kier ować ▁( to ▁drive ) ▁gover ns ▁the ▁direct ▁object ▁in ▁the ▁instrument al ▁case , ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁expression ▁kier ować ▁sam och ode m ▁( to ▁drive ▁a ▁car ) ▁( F is iak ▁ 1 9 7 5 : ▁ 6 0 ) ▁ ▁L ary n ge als ▁While ▁studying ▁the ▁ph on ology ▁of ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁languages , ▁K ury łow icz ▁pointed ▁at ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁the ▁H itt ite ▁con son ant ▁ ḫ ▁in ▁his ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁paper ▁" ə ▁ind o - e urop é en ▁et ▁ ḫ ▁h itt ite ". ▁This ▁discovery ▁supported ▁Ferdinand ▁de ▁S auss ure ’ s ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁proposal ▁of ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁coefficients ▁son anti ques , ▁elements ▁de ▁S auss ure ▁re construct ed ▁to ▁account ▁for ▁v owel ▁length ▁altern ations ▁in ▁Ind o - Europe an . ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁so - called ▁l ary n ge al ▁theory , ▁a ▁major ▁step ▁forward ▁in ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁lingu istics ▁and ▁a ▁confirm ation ▁of ▁de ▁S auss ure ' s ▁theory . ▁ ▁S ynt actic ▁transformation ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁K ury łow icz ▁introduced ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁s ynt actic ▁transformation , ▁pointing ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁that ▁this ▁s ynt actic ▁( transform ative ) ▁deriv ation ▁does ▁not ▁change ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁s ynt actic