acter ial ▁resistance ▁mechan isms . ▁For ▁example , ▁some ▁resistance - mod ifying ▁agents ▁may ▁in hib it ▁mult id rug ▁resistance ▁mechan isms , ▁such ▁as ▁drug ▁eff l ux ▁from ▁the ▁cell , ▁thus ▁increasing ▁the ▁sus cept ibility ▁of ▁b acter ia ▁to ▁an ▁ant ib acter ial . ▁Target s ▁include : ▁ ▁The ▁eff l ux ▁in hib itor ▁P he - Arg - β - nap h th yl am ide . ▁ ▁B eta - la ct am ase ▁in hib itors , ▁such ▁as ▁cla v ul an ic ▁acid ▁and ▁sul b act am ▁Met abol ic ▁stim uli ▁such ▁as ▁sugar ▁can ▁help ▁er ad icate ▁a ▁certain ▁type ▁of ▁ant ib i otic - tol er ant ▁b acter ia ▁by ▁keeping ▁their ▁met abol ism ▁active . ▁ ▁V acc ines ▁V acc ines ▁rely ▁on ▁imm une ▁mod ulation ▁or ▁augment ation . ▁V acc ination ▁either ▁exc ites ▁or ▁rein for ces ▁the ▁imm une ▁compet ence ▁of ▁a ▁host ▁to ▁w ard ▁off ▁in fection , ▁leading ▁to ▁the ▁activation ▁of ▁macro ph ages , ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁ant ib od ies , ▁infl amm ation , ▁and ▁other ▁classic ▁imm une ▁re actions . ▁Ant ib acter ial ▁v acc ines ▁have ▁been ▁responsible ▁for ▁a ▁dr astic ▁reduction ▁in ▁global ▁b acter ial ▁dise ases . ▁V acc ines ▁made ▁from ▁at ten u ated ▁whole ▁cells ▁or ▁l ys ates ▁have ▁been ▁replaced ▁largely