▁during ▁a ▁school - sp ons ored ▁event . ▁ ▁Four th , ▁the ▁children ▁required ▁their ▁parents ▁permission ▁to ▁attend ▁the ▁Club ' s ▁activities ; ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁permitted ▁to ▁" lo iter ▁outside ▁class rooms ▁after ▁the ▁sch o old ay ▁has ▁ended ". ▁ ▁The ▁Club ▁was ▁using ▁space ▁on ▁the ▁school ▁grounds ▁into ▁which ▁elementary ▁school ▁children ▁did ▁not ▁typically ▁vent ure ▁during ▁school ▁hours , ▁and ▁elementary ▁school ▁students ▁of ▁all ▁grade ▁levels ▁attended ▁the ▁Club ' s ▁activities . ▁ ▁The ▁instruct ors ▁are ▁not ▁school te ach ers . ▁ ▁The ▁Court ▁doubt ed ▁that ▁even ▁small ▁children ▁would ▁perce ive ▁that ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁end ors ing ▁religion ▁in ▁these ▁circumstances , ▁and ▁that ▁doubt ▁was ▁even ▁more ▁at ten u ated ▁by ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁children ▁were ▁just ▁as ▁likely ▁to ▁perce ive ▁official ▁condem n ation ▁of ▁religion ▁from ▁the ▁school ' s ▁ex cluding ▁the ▁Club ▁from ▁its ▁facilities . ▁ ▁All ▁these ▁consider ations ▁suggested ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁Est ab lish ment ▁Cla use ▁viol ation ▁involved ▁in ▁Mil ford ' s ▁perm itting ▁the ▁Club ▁to ▁meet ▁on ▁its ▁prem ises ▁after ▁school ▁hours . ▁ ▁According ly , ▁Mil ford ' s ▁fear ▁of ▁an ▁Est ab lish ment ▁Cla use ▁viol ation ▁did ▁not ▁justify ▁forb idd ing ▁the ▁Club ▁from ▁using ▁its ▁facilities . ▁ ▁S cal ia ' s ▁conc urr ing ▁opinion ▁Justice ▁S cal ia ▁con cur red ▁in ▁the ▁Court