▁of ▁this ▁channel ▁was ▁one - four th ▁of ▁the ▁way ▁open . ▁  ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁articles ▁“ Ac et yl ch oline - Ind u ced ▁C ation ▁Trans location ▁Ac ross ▁Cell ▁M emb ran es ▁and ▁In activ ation ▁of ▁the ▁Ac et yl ch oline ▁Re ceptor : ▁Chem ical ▁Kin etic ▁Me asure ments ▁in ▁the ▁Mill isecond ▁Time ▁Region ” ▁and ▁“ Com parison ▁of ▁Ac et yl ch oline ▁Re ceptor - Control led ▁C ation ▁Fl ux ▁in ▁M emb rane ▁V es icles ▁from ▁Tor ped o ▁cal iforn ica ▁and ▁Elect roph orus ▁electric us : ▁Chem ical ▁Kin etic ▁Me asure ments ▁in ▁the ▁Mill isecond ▁Region ,” ▁H ess ▁discussed ▁his ▁find ings ▁on ▁the ▁rate ▁and ▁equilibrium ▁changes ▁of ▁the ▁ac et yl ch oline ▁re ceptor ▁in ▁the ▁active ▁versus ▁in active ▁states .   ▁He ▁conducted ▁this ▁study ▁using ▁the ▁novel ▁qu en ch ▁flow ▁technique ▁which ▁allowed ▁measurements ▁down ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 - mill isecond ▁interval . ▁  ▁ ▁Using ▁this ▁qu en ch ▁flow ▁technique , ▁H ess ▁then ▁investig ated ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁c oca ine ▁and ▁ph ency cl id ine ▁( comm only ▁known ▁as ▁P CP ) ▁on ▁the ▁flux ▁of ▁the ▁ac et yl ch oline ▁re ceptor .   ▁Both ▁are ▁add ict ive ▁dru gs , ▁c oca ine ▁being ▁a ▁stim ul ant ▁and ▁ph ency cl id ine ▁a ▁hall