ô nia , ▁moved ▁towards ▁Pan ama , ▁A cre , ▁and ▁Mar anh ão . ▁From ▁Mar anh ão , ▁the ▁gen ot ype ▁progress ed ▁towards ▁Min as ▁G era is . ▁Finally , ▁gen ot ype ▁IV ▁emer ged ▁from ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Man aus ▁and ▁Amazon as . ▁ ▁Ex periment ation ▁and ▁Research ▁O RO V ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁extens ively ▁in ▁testing ▁with ▁H ela ▁cells ▁to ▁study ▁the ▁mechan isms ▁of ▁apo pt osis ▁induced ▁by ▁the ▁virus . ▁It ▁was ▁found ▁that ▁O RO V ▁causes ▁apo pt osis ▁by ▁DNA ▁fragment ation . ▁In ▁U V - in activ ated ▁O RO V , ▁virus - re ceptor ▁binding ▁was ▁not ▁enough ▁and ▁that ▁vir al ▁un co ating ▁and ▁rep lication ▁were ▁needed ▁to ▁indu ce ▁apo pt osis . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Or th ob un y av ir uses <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ch ag har za is ▁or ▁Ch agar za is ▁are ▁a ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁Mal iz ai ▁cl an ▁of ▁the ▁Y ous af za i ▁tribe . ▁Colonel ▁W yl ly , ▁Harold ▁Car m ich ael , ▁ 1 8 5 8 – 1 9 3 2 , ▁described ▁these ▁ ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁words : ▁ ▁Origin ▁ ▁Ch ag har za is ▁are ▁the ▁descend ants ▁of ▁Ch ag har ▁or ▁Ch agar ▁( Ch ag har za i ), ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁M ali ▁( Mal iz ai ) ▁who