, ▁and ▁invas ive ▁capabilities ▁of ▁es oph age al ▁cancer ▁cells . ▁Un like ▁in ▁col ore ct al ▁cancer , ▁GP X 1 ▁expression ▁in ▁es oph age al ▁cancer ▁cells ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁drive ▁ag gress ive ▁growth ▁and ▁met ast asis , ▁but ▁Vit amin ▁D - medi ated ▁decrease ▁in ▁GP X 1 ▁prevents ▁such ▁growth . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁study ▁looking ▁at ▁gene ▁polym orph isms ▁of ▁GP X 1 ▁and ▁other ▁ox id ative ▁stress ▁gen es ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁pre val ence ▁of ▁Type ▁ 2 ▁di ab etes ▁m ell it us , ▁Ban er je e , ▁et ▁al ., ▁found ▁that ▁while ▁no ▁association ▁was ▁found ▁in ▁expression ▁of ▁most ▁GP X 1 ▁polym orph isms ▁and ▁risk ▁of ▁Type ▁ 2 ▁di ab etes ▁m ell it us , ▁having ▁the ▁C ▁alle le ▁of ▁GP X 1 ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁ 1 . 3 6 2 ▁times ▁higher ▁risk ▁of ▁the ▁disease , ▁highlight ing ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁finding ▁individuals ▁in ▁the ▁population ▁with ▁this ▁gene ▁variant ▁to ▁help ▁treat ▁them ▁early ▁on . ▁ ▁Rec ent ▁work ▁by ▁Alan ▁M . ▁Diam ond ▁and ▁colle agues ▁has ▁shown ▁that ▁alle lic ▁variations ▁of ▁GP X 1 , ▁like ▁the ▁cod on ▁ 1 9 8 ▁polym orphism ▁that ▁results ▁in ▁le uc ine ▁or ▁pro line ▁and ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁al an ine ▁repeat ▁cod ons , ▁can ▁result ▁in ▁different ▁local ization ▁levels ▁in ▁M CF - 7