ly ▁serving ▁with ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Russian ▁Army , ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁Polish ▁forces . ▁In ▁the ▁Polish - B ols he vik ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 9 - 1 9 2 0 ▁he ▁commanded ▁the ▁Polish ▁ 1 3 th ▁Infantry ▁Brigade . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁Gener ał ▁b ry g ady ▁( B rig ad ier ▁general ). ▁After ▁the ▁Peace ▁of ▁R iga ▁he ▁remained ▁in ▁active ▁service ▁and , ▁until ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁command ing ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁Br ze ść ▁Fort ified ▁Area . ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁he ▁retired ▁from ▁active ▁service . ▁ ▁K aty ń ▁mass acre ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁In vas ion ▁of ▁Poland ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁he ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁the ▁NK VD ▁and ▁imprison ed ▁in ▁Soviet ▁Union . ▁Intern ed ▁in ▁the ▁Star ob iel sk ▁concentration ▁camp , ▁he ▁was ▁murder ed ▁in ▁Kh ark ov ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁sevent y , ▁during ▁the ▁K aty ń ▁mass acre . ▁Among ▁the ▁Kat yn ▁vict ims ▁were ▁ 1 4 ▁Polish ▁gener als ▁including ▁Bron is ław ▁Boh aty rew icz , ▁X a wer y ▁Cz ern icki ▁( ad mir al ), ▁Stanisław ▁Hall er , ▁Aleks ander ▁K ow ale w ski , ▁Henry k ▁M ink