▁and ▁positive ▁rein for cement ; ▁imp licated ▁in ▁add iction ▁ ▁Hi pp oc amp us   – ▁responsible ▁for ▁storage ▁and ▁cons olid ation ▁of ▁declar ative ▁memory ▁and ▁spatial ▁memory ; ▁imp licated ▁in ▁de pression ▁ ▁C ere bell um   – ▁responsible ▁for ▁motor ▁coord ination ▁and ▁motor ▁learning ▁ ▁Ca ud ate ▁nucle us   – ▁responsible ▁for ▁stim ulus - response ▁learning ▁and ▁in hib itory ▁control ; ▁imp licated ▁in ▁Park inson ' s ▁disease ▁and ▁AD HD ▁ ▁P ari etal ▁cor tex   – ▁responsible ▁for ▁sens ory ▁per ception , ▁working ▁memory , ▁and ▁attention ▁ ▁Pers istent ▁effects ▁on ▁cogn ition ▁▁ ▁Con cord ant ▁with ▁the ▁functional ▁roles ▁of ▁the ▁brain ▁structures ▁that ▁exhib it ▁increased ▁gray ▁matter ▁volumes , ▁regular ▁exercise ▁over ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁several ▁months ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁persist ently ▁improve ▁numerous ▁executive ▁functions ▁and ▁several ▁forms ▁of ▁memory . ▁ ▁In ▁particular , ▁consistent ▁aer ob ic ▁exercise ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁improve ▁att ent ional ▁control , ▁information ▁processing ▁speed , ▁cogn itive ▁flex ibility ▁( e . g ., ▁task ▁switching ), ▁in hib itory ▁control , ▁working ▁memory ▁updating ▁and ▁capacity , ▁declar ative ▁memory , ▁and ▁spatial ▁memory . ▁In ▁health y ▁young ▁and ▁middle - aged ▁adult s , ▁the ▁effect ▁sizes ▁of ▁improvements ▁in ▁cogn itive ▁function ▁are ▁largest ▁for ▁indices ▁of ▁executive ▁functions ▁and ▁small ▁to ▁moder ate ▁for ▁aspects ▁of ▁memory ▁and ▁information ▁processing ▁speed . ▁It