4 %. ▁ ▁L um ad ▁have ▁a ▁traditional ▁concept ▁of ▁land ▁ownership ▁based ▁on ▁what ▁their ▁communities ▁consider ▁their ▁ancest ral ▁territ ories . ▁The ▁historian ▁B . ▁R . ▁Rod il ▁notes ▁that ▁‘ a ▁territory ▁occupied ▁by ▁a ▁community ▁is ▁a ▁commun al ▁private ▁property , ▁and ▁community ▁members ▁have ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁us uf ruct ▁to ▁any ▁piece ▁of ▁un occup ied ▁land ▁within ▁the ▁commun al ▁territory .’ ▁An c est ral ▁lands ▁include ▁cultiv ated ▁land ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁hunting ▁grounds , ▁rivers , ▁for ests , ▁un c ult iv ated ▁land ▁and ▁the ▁min eral ▁resources ▁below ▁the ▁land . ▁ ▁Un like ▁the ▁Mor os , ▁the ▁L um ad ▁groups ▁never ▁formed ▁a ▁revolution ary ▁group ▁to ▁un ite ▁them ▁in ▁armed ▁struggle ▁against ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁government . ▁When ▁the ▁migr ants ▁came , ▁many ▁L um ad ▁groups ▁retre ated ▁into ▁the ▁mountains ▁and ▁for ests . ▁However , ▁the ▁Mor o ▁armed ▁groups ▁and ▁the ▁Commun ist - led ▁New ▁People ’ s ▁Army ▁( N PA ) ▁have ▁rec ru ited ▁L um ad ▁to ▁their ▁ranks , ▁and ▁the ▁armed ▁forces ▁have ▁also ▁rec ru ited ▁them ▁into ▁par amil it ary ▁organis ations ▁to ▁fight ▁the ▁Mor os ▁or ▁the ▁N PA . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁L um ad , ▁se cur ing ▁their ▁rights ▁to ▁ancest ral ▁domain ▁is ▁as ▁ur gent ▁as ▁the ▁Mor os ’ ▁quest ▁for ▁self - det erm ination . ▁However