▁occurs ▁when ▁a ▁“ vis it ▁to ▁the ▁dent ist ” ▁is ▁literally ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁pun ishment ▁for ▁bad ▁behaviour . ▁This ▁does ▁not ▁occur ▁in ▁the ▁inform ative ▁path way . ▁ ▁Par ental ▁mod elling ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁significant ▁relationship ▁between ▁child ▁and ▁parent al ▁dent al ▁fear , ▁especially ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁moth ers . ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁suggested ▁that ▁this ▁relationship ▁is ▁strong est ▁in ▁children ▁ 8 ▁years ▁or ▁younger . ▁However , ▁it ▁is ▁important ▁to ▁note ▁the ▁parent al ▁mod elling ▁path way ▁may ▁overlap ▁with ▁the ▁inform ative ▁or ▁vic ari ous ▁path ways ▁are ▁all ▁linked ▁in ▁some ▁way . ▁ ▁Di agn osis ▁ ▁Several ▁methods ▁have ▁been ▁developed ▁to ▁diagn ose ▁dent al ▁fear ▁and ▁anx iety . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁ident ifying ▁the ▁patients ▁with ▁dent al ▁fear , ▁different ▁categories ▁of ▁dent al ▁fear ▁have ▁been ▁established . ▁These ▁include : ▁ ▁D ental ▁fear ▁survey ▁( DF S ) ▁which ▁inc aps ul ates ▁ 2 0 ▁items ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁various ▁situations , ▁feelings ▁and ▁reaction ▁to ▁dent al ▁work ▁which ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁diagn ose ▁dent al ▁fear . ▁Mod ified ▁child ▁dent al ▁anx iety ▁scale ▁( M CD AS ), ▁used ▁for ▁children ▁and ▁it ▁has ▁ 8 ▁items ▁with ▁a ▁voting ▁system ▁from ▁ 1 - 5 ▁where ▁ 1 ▁is ▁not ▁wor ried ▁and ▁ 5 ▁is ▁very ▁wor ried . ▁The ▁index ▁of ▁dent al ▁anx iety ▁and