▁including ▁P enn D OT , ▁T x D OT ▁and ▁Cal Trans . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁highway ▁brid ges ▁and ▁hundreds ▁of ▁miles ▁of ▁highway ▁p aving ▁have ▁been ▁constructed ▁using ▁con cre tes ▁made ▁from ▁E MC ▁derived ▁from ▁fly ▁ash . ▁These ▁projects ▁include ▁sections ▁of ▁Inter state ▁ 1 0 . ▁In ▁these ▁projects , ▁E MC ▁replaced ▁at ▁least ▁ 5 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁Port land ▁c ement ▁in ▁the ▁concrete ▁pou red . ▁This ▁is ▁about ▁ 2 . 5 ▁times ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁typical ▁amount ▁of ▁fly ▁ash ▁in ▁projects ▁where ▁ener get ic ▁modification ▁is ▁not ▁used . ▁Independent ▁text ▁data ▁showed ▁acceptable ▁ 2 8 - day ▁strength ▁requirements ▁in ▁all ▁projects . ▁ ▁Another ▁project ▁was ▁the ▁extension ▁of ▁the ▁passenger ▁terminal s ▁at ▁the ▁Port ▁of ▁Houston , ▁Texas , ▁where ▁ener get ically ▁modified ▁c ement ' s ▁ability ▁to ▁yield ▁con cre tes ▁that ▁exhib it ▁high ▁resist ances ▁to ▁ch lor ide – ▁and ▁sul ph ate – ion ▁per me ability ▁( i . e ., ▁increased ▁resistance ▁to ▁sea ▁waters ) ▁was ▁a ▁factor . ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁E MC s ▁have ▁been ▁in ▁production ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁the ▁volume ▁of ▁concrete ▁produced ▁containing ▁a ▁least ▁partially ▁ener get ically ▁modified ▁c ement ▁was ▁about ▁ 4 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁cu ▁y d ▁( 3 , 4