▁to ▁its ▁usage ▁of ▁three ▁techn ologies : ▁hier arch ical ▁observation , ▁normal izing ▁jud g ement ▁and ▁ex ams . ▁By ▁hier arch ical ▁observation , ▁the ▁bodies ▁become ▁constantly ▁visible ▁to ▁the ▁power . ▁The ▁observation ▁is ▁hier arch ical ▁since ▁there ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁single ▁observer , ▁but ▁rather ▁so ▁a ▁" h ier archy " ▁of ▁obser vers . ▁An ▁example ▁of ▁this ▁is ▁mental ▁as yl ums ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁when ▁the ▁psych iat rist ▁was ▁not ▁the ▁only ▁observer , ▁but ▁also ▁n urs es ▁and ▁auxili ary ▁staff . ▁From ▁these ▁observations ▁and ▁scientific ▁disc ourses , ▁a ▁norm ▁is ▁established ▁and ▁used ▁to ▁judge ▁the ▁observed ▁bodies . ▁For ▁the ▁discipl inary ▁power ▁to ▁continue ▁to ▁exist , ▁this ▁jud g ement ▁has ▁to ▁be ▁normal ized . ▁Fou ca ult ▁mentions ▁several ▁characteristics ▁of ▁this ▁jud g ement : ▁( 1 ) ▁all ▁devi ations , ▁even ▁small ▁ones , ▁from ▁correct ▁behavior ▁is ▁pun ished , ▁( 2 ) ▁repeated ▁rule ▁viol ations ▁are ▁pun ished ▁extra , ▁( 3 ) ▁exer cis es ▁are ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁behavior ▁correct ing ▁technique ▁and ▁pun ishment , ▁( 4 ) ▁re wards ▁are ▁used ▁together ▁with ▁pun ishment ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁hierarchy ▁of ▁good ▁and ▁bad ▁behavior / people , ▁( 5 ) ▁rank / gr ades / etc . ▁are ▁used ▁as ▁pun ishment ▁and ▁reward . ▁Ex amin ations ▁combine ▁the ▁hier arch ical ▁observation ▁with