▁under ▁ 3 ▁years ▁old , ▁no ▁vis its , ▁but ▁parents ▁could ▁see ▁children ▁through ▁partitions . ▁Over ▁ 3 ▁years ▁old , ▁twice ▁week ly . ▁ ▁This ▁caused ▁great ▁dist ress ▁to ▁the ▁young ▁patients , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁well ▁known ▁in ▁the ▁community ▁that ▁a ▁child ▁could ▁be ▁' changed ' ▁by ▁a ▁stay ▁in ▁hospital . ▁ ▁However , ▁little ▁of ▁this ▁dis qu iet ▁reached ▁the ▁hosp it als , ▁and ▁later ▁comment ators ▁would ▁speak ▁of ▁' an ▁emot ional ▁resistance ▁to ▁the ▁aw aren ess ▁of ▁children ' s ▁emot ional ▁needs ▁and ▁dist ress . ▁The ▁strength ▁of ▁this ▁resistance ▁is ▁v ivid ly ▁illustrated ▁by ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁James ▁Robert son '. ▁ ▁When ▁James ▁Robert son ▁first ▁entered ▁the ▁children ' s ▁w ard ▁to ▁make ▁observations , ▁he ▁was ▁shock ed ▁by ▁the ▁unh app iness ▁he ▁saw ▁among ▁the ▁young est ▁children , ▁in ▁particular ▁those ▁aged ▁under ▁ 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁compet ent , ▁efficient ▁do ctors ▁and ▁n urs es ▁gave ▁good ▁medical ▁care ▁but ▁seemed ▁una ware ▁of ▁the ▁suffering ▁around ▁them . ▁ ▁They ▁saw ▁that ▁children ▁initially ▁protest ed ▁at ▁separation ▁from ▁the ▁parents , ▁but ▁then ▁settled , ▁becoming ▁quiet ▁and ▁comp li ant . ▁ ▁However , ▁Robert son ▁saw ▁this ▁as ▁a ▁danger ▁signal . ▁ ▁Based ▁on ▁several ▁years ▁of ▁observations ▁in ▁long ▁and ▁short ▁stay ▁w ards , ▁James ▁Robert son ▁formed ▁a ▁theory ▁of ▁phases ▁of ▁response ▁of