▁programs . ▁ ▁E - st @ ▁r - II ▁is ▁the ▁successor ▁of ▁e - st @ r , ▁the ▁first ▁Italian ▁C ube S at ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁Cub es at ▁of ▁the ▁Poly techn ic ▁University ▁of ▁Tur in . ▁ ▁More ▁than ▁ 3 0 ▁students ▁have ▁been ▁working ▁on ▁this ▁project , ▁with ▁the ▁unique ▁opportunity ▁of ▁practical ▁experience ▁of ▁space ▁applications . ▁ ▁E - st @ r - II ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 U ▁C ube S at ▁developed ▁for ▁demonstr ating ▁the ▁autonom ous ▁active ▁attitude ▁control ▁capabilities ▁based ▁on ▁magnetic ▁actu ation : ▁in ▁fact , ▁the ▁payload ▁is ▁an ▁Active ▁Att itude ▁Det erm ination ▁and ▁Control ▁System . ▁The ▁commission ing ▁phase ▁for ese es ▁that ▁the ▁payload ▁is ▁de activ ated ▁leaving ▁the ▁satellite ▁in ▁its ▁free ▁t umb ling ▁motion , ▁without ▁any ▁attitude ▁stabil ization . ▁The ▁A - AD CS ▁starts ▁its ▁work ▁when ▁commanded ▁from ▁G CS , ▁cont rolling ▁the ▁angular ▁veloc ities ▁and ▁the ▁attitude ▁of ▁the ▁satellite . ▁ ▁The ▁primary ▁scientific ▁object ives ▁of ▁e - st @ r - II ▁mission ▁are : ▁ ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁the ▁cap ability ▁of ▁autonom ous ▁determ ination , ▁control ▁and ▁man oe u ver , ▁through ▁the ▁development ▁and ▁test ▁in ▁orbit ▁of ▁an ▁A - AD CS ▁entirely ▁designed ▁and ▁manufact ured ▁by ▁students ▁ ▁to ▁test ▁in ▁orbit ▁C OT S ▁technology ▁and ▁self - made ▁hardware ▁ ▁E - st @ r