▁different ▁su pers ym metric ▁Q CD s . ▁The ▁two ▁theories ▁are ▁not ▁identical , ▁but ▁they ▁agree ▁at ▁low ▁energ ies . ▁ ▁More ▁precisely ▁under ▁a ▁ren ormal ization ▁group ▁flow ▁they ▁flow ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁IR ▁fixed ▁point , ▁and ▁so ▁are ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁univers ality ▁class . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁presented ▁in ▁Se i berg ' s ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁article ▁Electric - Mag net ic ▁D ual ity ▁in ▁Sup ers ym metric ▁Non - Ab elian ▁G au ge ▁The ories . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁extension ▁to ▁non abel ian ▁gauge ▁theories ▁with ▁N = 1 ▁su pers ym met ry ▁of ▁Mont onen – O live ▁du ality ▁in ▁N = 4 ▁theories ▁and ▁elect romagnet ic ▁du ality ▁in ▁ab elian ▁theories . ▁ ▁The ▁statement ▁of ▁Se i berg ▁du ality ▁ ▁Se i berg ▁du ality ▁is ▁an ▁equivalence ▁of ▁the ▁IR ▁fixed ▁points ▁in ▁an ▁N = 1 ▁theory ▁with ▁SU ( N c ) ▁as ▁the ▁gauge ▁group ▁and ▁N f ▁flav ors ▁of ▁fundamental ▁ch iral ▁multiple ts ▁and ▁N f ▁flav ors ▁of ▁ant if und amental ▁ch iral ▁multiple ts ▁in ▁the ▁ch iral ▁limit ▁( no ▁bare ▁masses ) ▁and ▁an ▁ ▁N = 1 ▁ch iral ▁Q CD ▁with ▁N f - N c ▁colors ▁and ▁N f ▁flav ors , ▁where ▁N c ▁and ▁N f ▁are ▁positive ▁integers ▁satisfying ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁A ▁stronger ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁du