▁as ▁a ▁response . ▁ ▁Today , ▁negative ▁impression ▁over ▁China ▁continues ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁issue ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁The ▁Chinese ▁em igr ants ▁in ▁Britain ▁often ▁issued ▁themselves ▁to ▁be ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁disc rimin ated ▁people , ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁reporting ▁over ▁anti - Ch inese ▁disc rim ination ▁in ▁the ▁U . K . ▁as ▁consequence , ▁not ably ▁violence ▁against ▁Chinese ▁Brit ons . ▁Further , ▁British ▁Chinese ▁even ▁claimed ▁they ▁had ▁been ▁" ign ored " ▁from ▁such ▁disc rim ination . ▁ ▁Portugal ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century , ▁increasing ▁sea ▁tr ades ▁between ▁Europe ▁to ▁China ▁had ▁led ▁Portuguese ▁mer ch ants ▁to ▁China , ▁however ▁Portuguese ▁military ▁amb itions ▁for ▁power ▁and ▁its ▁fear ▁of ▁China ' s ▁inter vent ions ▁and ▁brut ality ▁had ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁Sin oph ob ia ▁in ▁Portugal . ▁G ali ote ▁Pere ira , ▁a ▁Portuguese ▁Jes uit ▁mission ary ▁who ▁was ▁imprison ed ▁by ▁Chinese ▁authorities , ▁claimed ▁China ' s ▁jur id ical ▁treatment ▁known ▁as ▁bast in ado ▁was ▁so ▁hor rible ▁as ▁it ▁hit ▁on ▁human ▁flesh , ▁becoming ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁fundamental ▁anti - Ch inese ▁sentiment ▁later ; ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁brut ality , ▁cruel ty ▁of ▁China ▁and ▁Chinese ▁ty ran ny . ▁With ▁M ing ▁China ' s ▁brut al ▁re actions ▁on ▁Portuguese ▁mer ch ants ▁following ▁the ▁con quest ▁of ▁Mal ac ca , ▁Sin oph ob ia