▁students ", ▁which ▁may ▁potentially ▁lead ▁to ▁a ▁school ▁dis eng agement ▁of ▁failing ▁students ▁by ▁a ▁mechanism ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁learned ▁hel pl ess ness . ▁ ▁Studies ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Andre ▁Ant ib i ▁conducted ▁a ▁survey ▁of ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁teachers ▁in ▁France , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁result ▁that ▁" 9 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁teachers ▁recognized ▁that ▁the ▁mac ab re ▁constant ▁existed , ▁by ▁which ▁they ▁account ▁for ▁the ▁system atic ▁att ribution ▁of ▁bad ▁marks ." ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁another ▁survey ▁of ▁ 3 0 2 0 ▁teachers ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁result ▁that ▁ 9 9 % ▁of ▁them ▁recogn izing ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁the ▁mac ab re ▁constant . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁a ▁debate ▁organized ▁by ▁S GEN - CF DT ▁( s y nd icate ▁for ▁French ▁national ▁education ▁and ▁public ▁research ) ▁gathered ▁ 1 5 0 ▁teachers - res earch ers ▁with ▁André ▁Ant ib i ▁to ▁discuss ▁this ▁phenomen on . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁res urg ence ▁of ▁interest ▁over ▁this ▁phenomen on . ▁ ▁E valu ation ▁system ▁by ▁trust ▁contract ▁ ▁André ▁Ant ib i ▁propos es ▁an ▁alternative ▁system ▁to ▁avoid ▁the ▁constant ▁mac ab re ▁evaluation ▁and ▁san ction ▁of ▁students , ▁named ▁Ass ess ment ▁System ▁Cont ract ▁of ▁Trust ▁( EP CC ). ▁This ▁evaluation ▁system