? ▁ 4 ) ▁E volution : ▁What ▁is ▁the ▁ph y log eny ▁of ▁the ▁behaviour , ▁or ▁in ▁other ▁words , ▁when ▁did ▁it ▁first ▁appear ▁in ▁the ▁evolution ary ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁animal ? ▁The ▁questions ▁are ▁inter dependent , ▁so ▁that , ▁for ▁example , ▁adapt ive ▁function ▁is ▁const rained ▁by ▁emb ry onic ▁development . ▁ ▁In ▁philosophy ▁of ▁bi ology ▁ ▁Function ▁is ▁not ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁purpose ▁in ▁the ▁tele ological ▁sense , ▁that ▁is , ▁possess ing ▁conscious ▁mental ▁intention ▁to ▁achieve ▁a ▁goal . ▁In ▁the ▁philosophy ▁of ▁bi ology , ▁evolution ▁is ▁a ▁blind ▁process ▁which ▁has ▁no ▁' goal ' ▁for ▁the ▁future . ▁For ▁example , ▁a ▁tree ▁does ▁not ▁grow ▁flowers ▁for ▁any ▁purpose , ▁but ▁does ▁so ▁simply ▁because ▁it ▁has ▁evol ved ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁To ▁say ▁' a ▁tree ▁grows ▁flowers ▁to ▁attract ▁pol lin ators ' ▁would ▁be ▁incorrect ▁if ▁the ▁' to ' ▁implies ▁purpose . ▁A ▁function ▁describes ▁what ▁something ▁does , ▁not ▁what ▁its ▁' pur pose ' ▁is . ▁However , ▁tele ological ▁language ▁is ▁often ▁used ▁by ▁bi olog ists ▁as ▁a ▁sh orth and ▁way ▁of ▁describing ▁function , ▁even ▁though ▁its ▁applic ability ▁is ▁disput ed . ▁ ▁In ▁contemporary ▁philosophy ▁of ▁bi ology , ▁there ▁are ▁three ▁major ▁accounts ▁of ▁function ▁in ▁the ▁bi ological ▁world : ▁theories ▁of ▁caus al ▁role , ▁selected ▁effect , ▁and ▁goal ▁contribution . ▁▁ ▁C aus al ▁role ▁▁