▁of ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁Sol id ar ity ▁had ▁nine ▁million ▁members — a ▁quarter ▁of ▁Poland ' s ▁population ▁and ▁three ▁times ▁as ▁many ▁as ▁the ▁P U WP ▁had . ▁K ania ▁res igned ▁under ▁Soviet ▁pressure ▁in ▁October ▁and ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁Woj cie ch ▁Jar uz el ski , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁Def ence ▁minister ▁since ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁and ▁Premier ▁since ▁February . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁Jar uz el ski ▁proc laimed ▁mart ial ▁law , ▁susp ended ▁Sol id ar ity , ▁and ▁tempor arily ▁imprison ed ▁most ▁of ▁its ▁leaders . ▁This ▁sudden ▁crack down ▁on ▁Sol id ar ity ▁was ▁reported ly ▁out ▁of ▁fear ▁of ▁Soviet ▁inter vention ▁( see ▁Soviet ▁reaction ▁to ▁the ▁Polish ▁crisis ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 0 – 8 1 ). ▁The ▁government ▁then ▁dis allowed ▁Sol id ar ity ▁on ▁ 8 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁Mart ial ▁law ▁was ▁formally ▁lifted ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁though ▁many ▁height ened ▁controls ▁on ▁civil ▁libert ies ▁and ▁political ▁life , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁food ▁r ation ing , ▁remained ▁in ▁place ▁through ▁the ▁mid - to - late - 1 9 8 0 s . ▁Jar uz el ski ▁stepped ▁down ▁as ▁prime ▁minister ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁became ▁president ▁( ch air man ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁State ). ▁ ▁This ▁did ▁not ▁prevent