▁distribution , ▁and ▁are ▁found ▁everywhere ▁except ▁Ant arct ica ▁and ▁the ▁extreme ▁Ar ctic . ▁They ▁are ▁especially ▁numerous ▁in ▁tropical ▁and ▁subt rop ical ▁regions ▁( not ably ▁Central ▁America , ▁eastern ▁Brazil , ▁the ▁Mediter rane an , ▁the ▁Lev ant , ▁southern ▁Africa , ▁central ▁Asia , ▁and ▁south western ▁China ). ▁ ▁Tax onomy ▁▁ ▁Compos ita e , ▁the ▁original ▁name ▁for ▁A ster aceae , ▁were ▁first ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 2 ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁botan ist ▁Paul ▁Diet rich ▁G ise ke . ▁ ▁Trad itionally , ▁two ▁sub famil ies ▁were ▁recogn ised : ▁Ast ero ide ae ▁( or ▁T ub ul if l ora e ) ▁and ▁C ich orio ide ae ▁( or ▁Lig ul if l ora e ). ▁The ▁latter ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁be ▁extens ively ▁par ap hy let ic , ▁and ▁has ▁now ▁been ▁divided ▁into ▁ 1 2 ▁sub famil ies , ▁but ▁the ▁former ▁still ▁stands . ▁The ▁ph y log en etic ▁tree ▁presented ▁below ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁Pan ero ▁& ▁F unk ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁updated ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁and ▁now ▁also ▁includes ▁the ▁monot yp ic ▁Fam atin anth o ide ae . ▁The ▁diam ond ▁denotes ▁a ▁very ▁poor ly ▁supported ▁node ▁( < 5 0 % ▁bootstrap ▁support ), ▁the ▁dot ▁a ▁poor ly ▁supported ▁node ▁( < 8 0 %). ▁ ▁The ▁four ▁sub famil ies ▁Ast ero ide