1 9 9 0 s , ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁N M OS ▁( n - type ▁M OS ) ▁active - p ixel ▁sensor ▁( AP S ) ▁at ▁Olymp us ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁and ▁then ▁the ▁complement ary ▁M OS ▁( CM OS ) ▁active - p ixel ▁sensor ▁( CM OS ▁sensor ) ▁at ▁NASA ' s ▁Jet ▁Prop ulsion ▁Labor atory ▁( J PL ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁C M OS ▁sens ors ▁enabled ▁the ▁mass ▁pro l ifer ation ▁of ▁digital ▁cam eras ▁and ▁camera ▁ph ones , ▁which ▁bol ster ed ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁social ▁media . ▁ ▁An ▁important ▁feature ▁of ▁social ▁media ▁is ▁digital ▁media ▁data ▁compression , ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁imp ract ically ▁high ▁memory ▁and ▁band width ▁requirements ▁of ▁un com pressed ▁media . ▁The ▁most ▁important ▁compression ▁algorithm ▁is ▁the ▁discrete ▁cos ine ▁transform ▁( D CT ), ▁a ▁loss y ▁compression ▁technique ▁that ▁was ▁first ▁proposed ▁by ▁Nas ir ▁Ah med ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁D CT - based ▁compression ▁standards ▁include ▁the ▁H . 2 6 x ▁and ▁M PE G ▁video ▁coding ▁standards ▁introduced ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁on wards , ▁and ▁the ▁J PE G ▁image ▁compression ▁standard ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁J PE G ▁was ▁largely ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁pro l ifer ation ▁of ▁digital ▁images ▁and ▁digital ▁photos ▁which ▁lie ▁at ▁the ▁heart ▁of ▁social ▁media ,