▁older ▁generation ▁of ▁Cro at ▁Pop ul ists ▁[ H SS ] ▁was ▁more ▁reserved ▁and ▁in ▁some ▁cases ▁over t ly ▁host ile ." ▁This ▁gener ational ▁gap ▁between ▁conserv ative ▁and ▁radical ▁Catholic ▁pri ests ▁was ▁further ▁reflected ▁by ▁region ▁( urban ▁vs ▁rural ), ▁the ▁ge ographical ▁location ▁of ▁churches ▁and ▁bishop rics , ▁and ▁an ▁individual ▁priest ' s ▁relative ▁place ▁within ▁the ▁Church ▁hierarchy . ▁More ▁senior ▁cler ics ▁generally ▁dis associ ated ▁themselves ▁from ▁the ▁N D H . ▁They ▁were ▁also ▁divided ▁by ▁religious ▁orders . ▁The ▁Fr ans cis c ans , ▁who ▁had ▁resist ed ▁for ▁over ▁fifty ▁years ▁V at ican ▁efforts ▁to ▁turn ▁over ▁par ishes ▁to ▁sec ular ▁cler gy , ▁were ▁far ▁more ▁prom in ently ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁U sta š a ▁than ▁were ▁the ▁Sales ians . ▁ ▁Mass ▁murder ▁occurred ▁through ▁the ▁summer ▁and ▁aut umn ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁The ▁first ▁Cro at ian ▁concentration ▁camp ▁was ▁opened ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁and ▁in ▁June ▁a ▁law ▁was ▁passed ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁network ▁across ▁the ▁country , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁ex termin ate ▁eth nic ▁and ▁religious ▁minor ities . ▁According ▁to ▁writer ▁Richard ▁Evans , ▁at roc ities ▁at ▁the ▁not orious ▁Jas en ov ac ▁concentration ▁camp ▁were ▁" eg ged ▁on ▁by ▁some ▁Francis can ▁fri ars ". ▁Ph ayer ▁wrote ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁well ▁known ▁that ▁many ▁Catholic ▁cler ics ▁participated ▁directly