▁National ▁Labor atory . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁NASA ▁Biography ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : St an ford ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : R ice ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : American ▁astr onaut s ▁Category : W omen ▁astr onaut s ▁Category : N AS A ▁civil ian ▁astr onaut s ▁Category : Space ▁Sh utt le ▁program ▁astr onaut s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Duke ▁of ▁New castle ▁is ▁a ▁title ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁created ▁thr ice ▁in ▁British ▁history . ▁The ▁first ▁Duke ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁William ▁Cav end ish , ▁ 1 st ▁Duke ▁of ▁New castle ▁( 1 5 9 2 – 1 6 7 6 ), ▁English ▁poly math ▁and ▁arist ocrat ▁ ▁John ▁Hol les , ▁ 1 st ▁Duke ▁of ▁New castle ▁( 1 6 6 2 – 1 7 1 1 ), ▁English ▁peer ▁ ▁Thomas ▁Pel ham - Hol les , ▁ 1 st ▁Duke ▁of ▁New castle ▁( 1 6 9 3 – 1 7 6 8 ), ▁British ▁Wh ig ▁states man <0x0A> </s> ▁Rule ▁of ▁three ▁(" Three ▁strik es ▁and ▁you ▁refactor ") ▁is ▁a ▁code ▁refactor ing ▁rule ▁of ▁thumb ▁to ▁decide ▁when ▁similar ▁pieces ▁of ▁code ▁should ▁be ▁ref act ored ▁to ▁avoid ▁dup lication . ▁It ▁states ▁that ▁two ▁instances ▁of ▁similar ▁code ▁don ' t ▁require ▁refactor ing , ▁but ▁when ▁similar ▁code ▁is ▁used ▁three ▁times , ▁it ▁should