▁ ▁The ▁Kal my ks ▁of ▁the ▁Don ▁Vo isko ▁O blast ▁were ▁subject ▁to ▁the ▁policies ▁of ▁de - c oss ack ization ▁where ▁villages ▁were ▁destroyed , ▁k h ur uls ▁( tem ples ) ▁and ▁monaster ies ▁were ▁burn ed ▁down ▁and ▁execution s ▁were ▁ind isc rim inate . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁gra in , ▁liv est ock ▁and ▁other ▁food st uff s ▁were ▁seized . ▁▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁the ▁Fif teenth ▁Party ▁Congress ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁passed ▁a ▁resolution ▁calling ▁for ▁the ▁" vol unt ary " ▁collect iv ization ▁of ▁agricult ure . ▁ ▁The ▁change ▁in ▁policy ▁was ▁accompanied ▁by ▁a ▁new ▁campaign ▁of ▁repr ession , ▁directed ▁initially ▁against ▁the ▁small ▁far ming ▁class . ▁The ▁objective ▁of ▁this ▁campaign ▁was ▁to ▁suppress ▁the ▁resistance ▁of ▁far ming ▁pe as ants ▁to ▁the ▁full - scale ▁collect iv ization ▁of ▁agricult ure . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁the ▁German ▁army ▁inv aded ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union . ▁ ▁By ▁August ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁the ▁German ▁Army ▁Group ▁South ▁captured ▁El ista , ▁the ▁capital ▁of ▁the ▁Kal my k ▁A SS R . ▁ ▁After ▁capt uring ▁the ▁Kal my k ▁territory , ▁German ▁army ▁officials ▁established ▁a ▁propag anda ▁campaign ▁with ▁the ▁assistance ▁of ▁anti - comm un ist ▁Kal my k ▁national ists , ▁including