▁came ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 1 , ▁when ▁Hamilton ▁used ▁the ▁clause ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁constitution ality ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁First ▁Bank ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁first ▁federal ▁bank ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁nation ' s ▁history . ▁Conc ern ed ▁that ▁mon ied ▁arist ocr ats ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁would ▁take ▁advantage ▁of ▁the ▁bank ▁to ▁explo it ▁the ▁South , ▁Mad ison ▁argued ▁that ▁Congress ▁lack ed ▁the ▁constitution al ▁authority ▁to ▁char ter ▁a ▁bank . ▁Hamilton ▁counter ed ▁that ▁the ▁bank ▁was ▁a ▁reasonable ▁means ▁of ▁carrying ▁out ▁powers ▁related ▁to ▁tax ation ▁and ▁the ▁borrow ing ▁of ▁funds ▁and ▁claimed ▁that ▁the ▁clause ▁applied ▁to ▁activities ▁that ▁were ▁reason ably ▁related ▁to ▁constitution al ▁powers , ▁not ▁only ▁those ▁that ▁were ▁absolutely ▁necessary ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁said ▁powers . ▁To ▁embar rass ▁Mad ison , ▁Hamilton ' s ▁contrary ▁claims ▁from ▁the ▁Federal ist ▁Pap ers ▁were ▁read ▁al oud ▁in ▁Congress : ▁ ▁Event ually , ▁Southern ▁opposition ▁to ▁the ▁bank ▁and ▁to ▁Hamilton ' s ▁plan ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁assume ▁the ▁war ▁deb ts ▁of ▁the ▁states ▁was ▁m oll ified ▁by ▁the ▁transfer ▁of ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁capital ▁from ▁its ▁temporary ▁seat ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁to ▁Washington , ▁DC , a ▁more ▁sou ther ly ▁permanent ▁seat ▁on ▁the ▁Pot om ac , ▁and ▁the ▁bill , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁a ▁national ▁mint , ▁was ▁passed ▁by ▁Congress ▁and ▁signed ▁by ▁President ▁George ▁Washington . ▁ ▁McC ul lo