▁were ▁not ▁attacked . ▁Japanese ▁losses ▁were ▁light : ▁ 2 9 ▁aircraft ▁and ▁five ▁m idget ▁sub mar ines ▁lost , ▁and ▁ 6 4 ▁serv ic emen ▁killed . ▁K azu o ▁Sak am aki , ▁the ▁command ing ▁officer ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁sub mar ines , ▁was ▁captured . ▁ ▁Japan ▁announced ▁a ▁declaration ▁of ▁war ▁on ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁later ▁that ▁day ▁( Dec ember ▁ 8 ▁in ▁Tokyo ), ▁but ▁the ▁declaration ▁was ▁not ▁delivered ▁until ▁the ▁following ▁day . ▁The ▁following ▁day , ▁December ▁ 8 , ▁Congress ▁declared ▁war ▁on ▁Japan . ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 1 , ▁Germany ▁and ▁Italy ▁each ▁declared ▁war ▁on ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁which ▁respond ed ▁with ▁a ▁declaration ▁of ▁war ▁against ▁Germany ▁and ▁Italy . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁numerous ▁historical ▁preced ents ▁for ▁the ▁un ann ounced ▁military ▁action ▁by ▁Japan , ▁but ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁any ▁formal ▁warning , ▁particularly ▁while ▁peace ▁negoti ations ▁were ▁still ▁apparently ▁on going , ▁led ▁President ▁Franklin ▁D . ▁Ro ose vel t ▁to ▁proc laim ▁December ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁" a ▁date ▁which ▁will ▁live ▁in ▁inf amy ". ▁Because ▁the ▁attack ▁happened ▁without ▁a ▁declaration ▁of ▁war ▁and ▁without ▁explicit ▁warning , ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁Pear l ▁Har bor ▁was ▁later ▁jud ged ▁in ▁the ▁Tokyo ▁Tri als ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁war ▁crime . ▁ ▁Background ▁to ▁conflict ▁ ▁Diplom atic ▁background ▁War ▁between ▁Japan ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁had ▁been ▁a