▁It ▁last ed ▁from ▁ 9 ▁August ▁to ▁ 1 5 ▁September ▁ 1 6 4 4 ; ▁the ▁cardinal ▁elect ors ▁chose ▁Giovanni ▁Batt ista ▁Pam ph ili , ▁who ▁took ▁office ▁as ▁Pope ▁In noc ent ▁X . ▁ ▁Background ▁Pope ▁Urban ▁VIII ▁died ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 6 4 4 . ▁His ▁reign ▁( which ▁included ▁the ▁cost ly ▁First ▁War ▁of ▁Castro ) ▁had ▁been ▁finan cially ▁trou bling ▁for ▁Rome ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁Church , ▁and ▁the ▁conflict ▁for ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁between ▁Spain ▁and ▁France ▁and ▁the ▁on going ▁Th irty ▁Years ' ▁War ▁meant ▁many ▁card inals ▁arrived ▁at ▁the ▁conc lave ▁seeking ▁a ▁comprom ise ▁that ▁would ▁bring ▁stability ▁to ▁the ▁Church . ▁ ▁But ▁Urban ' s ▁reign ▁had ▁also ▁subject ed ▁the ▁Church ▁to ▁his ▁not orious ▁ne pot ism . ▁He ▁had ▁appointed ▁three ▁family ▁members ▁as ▁Card inals ; ▁his ▁brother ▁Antonio ▁Marcel lo ▁Bar ber ini ▁and ▁his ▁two ▁nep he ws , ▁Francesco ▁Bar ber ini ▁and ▁Antonio ▁Bar ber ini . ▁His ▁nep he ws , ▁especially , ▁were ▁keen ▁to ▁retain ▁the ▁wealth , ▁power ▁and ▁property ▁they ▁had ▁am ass ed ▁during ▁their ▁uncle ' s ▁reign ▁and ▁both ▁sought ▁to ▁move ▁the ▁conc lave ▁in ▁their ▁favour . ▁ ▁They ▁started ▁by ▁h iring , ▁it ▁was ▁rum oured , ▁bands ▁of ▁brig ands ▁and ▁mer cen aries ▁to ▁ro am ▁the ▁streets ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁causing ▁trouble , ▁creating