▁in ▁respect ▁of ▁cr imes ▁committed ▁before ▁the ▁off ence ▁was ▁abol ished ▁and ▁replaced ▁with ▁sexual ▁assault ▁by ▁the ▁Sex ual ▁Off ences ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Constitution ▁appears ▁on ▁a ▁curs ory ▁reading ▁to ▁st ip ulate ▁that ▁president ial ▁candidates ▁must ▁be ▁natural ▁born ▁citizens ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁However , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁further ▁category ▁of ▁persons ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁that ▁office , ▁now ▁exha usted : ▁those ▁who ▁were ▁citizens ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁ad option ▁of ▁that ▁constitution . ▁Without ▁that ▁provision , ▁it ▁would ▁have ▁required ▁a ▁stra ined ▁reading ▁to ▁con str ue ▁that ▁all ▁actual ▁pres idents ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁colonial ▁era ▁were ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁because ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁did ▁not ▁exist ▁prior ▁to ▁July ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 7 7 6 , ▁the ▁date ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁was ▁adopted . ▁ ▁Many ▁acts ▁requiring ▁registration ▁to ▁practice ▁a ▁particular ▁profession ▁incorpor ated ▁transition ▁or ▁" grand father ▁sections " ▁allowing ▁those ▁who ▁had ▁already ▁pract ised ▁for ▁a ▁specified ▁time ▁( o ften ▁three ▁or ▁four ▁years ) ▁to ▁be ▁registered ▁under ▁the ▁act ▁even ▁if ▁they ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁the ▁training ▁or ▁qual ifications ▁required ▁for ▁new ▁applications ▁for ▁registration . ▁Ex amples ▁are ▁the ▁N urs es ▁Reg istration ▁Act ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand ▁and ▁the ▁N urs es ▁Reg istration ▁Act ▁