9 2 ▁ball oting ▁as ▁being ▁“ in ▁an ▁un const itution al ▁state ” ▁- ▁imp lying ▁that ▁it ▁effectively ▁viol ated ▁the ▁constitution ally ▁guaranteed ▁equality ▁of ▁voting ▁rights . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁immediate ▁adjust ments ▁prior ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁( Dec ember ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁cut ▁out ▁ten ▁rural ▁seats ▁and ▁added ▁nine ▁urban ▁ones , ▁thus ▁reducing ▁the ▁total ▁membership ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁house ▁from ▁ 5 1 2 ▁to ▁ 5 1 1 . ▁Despite ▁this ▁change , ▁the ▁vote ▁value ▁in ▁rural ▁and ▁urban ▁areas ▁remained ▁highly ▁dis pro port ion ate , ▁with ▁a ▁ratio ▁of ▁ 1 : 2 . 8 4 . ▁Under ▁the ▁current ▁Constitution , ▁the ▁maximum ▁variation ▁in ▁the ▁numbers ▁of ▁vot ers ▁per ▁seat ▁was ▁ 1 : 1 . 5 . ▁The ▁sharp ▁dispar ity ▁in ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁votes ▁was ▁a ▁grave ▁issue ▁that ▁dist orted ▁the ▁representation ▁of ▁popular ▁will ▁in ▁the ▁Diet . ▁Thus , ▁the ▁political ▁reform ▁needed ▁to ▁include ▁reducing ▁in equal ities . ▁ ▁Cor ruption ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁aspect ▁of ▁political ▁reform ▁was ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁ever - in cre asing ▁visibility ▁of ▁cor ruption ▁in ▁Japanese ▁politics , ▁which ▁is ▁as cribed ▁to ▁the ▁elect oral ▁system . ▁In ▁the ▁multi - se at ▁elect oral ▁constitu encies , ▁two ▁to ▁six ▁members ▁were ▁elected ▁from ▁the ▁same ▁elect oral ▁district . ▁As ▁it ▁allowed ▁for ▁occup ying ▁a ▁greater ▁number ▁of ▁seats ▁in ▁the