▁response ▁to ▁the ▁writ ings ▁of ▁Michael ▁Ser vet us ▁and ▁Sebastian ▁Cast elli o ▁on ▁the ▁Tr inity . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁failure ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Arm ada , ▁Val era ▁started ▁to ▁write ▁several ▁works ▁himself , ▁seem ingly ▁being ▁patron ized ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁The ▁earliest ▁was ▁The ▁Two ▁Tre at ises ▁on ▁the ▁Pope ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁Mass ▁( 1 5 8 8 ), ▁the ▁first ▁original ▁Spanish ▁work ▁to ▁be ▁printed ▁in ▁England , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁critic ized ▁elements ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁practice ▁of ▁the ▁Mass ▁as ▁pag an istic , ▁and ▁argued ▁that ▁if ▁the ▁Spanish ▁could ▁better ▁understand ▁the ▁Bible ▁they ▁would ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁challenge ▁the ▁claimed ▁authority ▁of ▁the ▁Pap acy . ▁O thers ▁works ▁included ▁A ▁Tre at ise ▁for ▁the ▁Pur pose ▁of ▁Conf irm ing ▁in ▁their ▁Christian ▁Fa ith ▁the ▁Capt ives ▁of ▁the ▁Barb ary ▁Pir ates ▁( 1 5 9 4 ), ▁which ▁reflect s ▁his ▁evangel istic ▁work ▁among ▁se amen ▁and ▁prisoners , ▁although ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁suggested ▁that ▁the ▁capt ives ▁represent ▁Spanish ▁Christians ▁and ▁the ▁' Bar b ary ▁Pir ates ' ▁the ▁cler gy ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church . ▁Later ▁in ▁his ▁life , ▁in ▁ 1 5 9 7 , ▁Val era ▁translated ▁Cal vin ' s ▁Instit utes . ▁ ▁Most ▁fam ously , ▁however , ▁over ▁a ▁twenty - year ▁period ▁Val era ▁am ended ▁Re ina ' s ▁ 1 5 6 9 ▁translation ▁of