▁and ▁scientific ▁research ers . ▁Research : ▁Several ▁of ▁these ▁organizations ▁also ▁promote ▁environmental ▁and ▁public ▁health ▁related ▁research ▁and ▁aid ▁in ▁fund ing ▁and ▁education ▁of ▁these ▁projects . ▁Government al : Many ▁organizations ▁related ▁to ▁water ▁justice ▁work ▁with ▁or ▁within ▁the ▁government ▁to ▁en act ▁change ▁in ▁water ▁policy ▁and ▁management . ▁This ▁can ▁include ▁city ▁and ▁state ▁govern ments , ▁to ▁the ▁federal ▁government , ▁to ▁Trib al ▁govern ments . ▁ ▁Case ▁studies : ▁Africa ▁ ▁O bu asi , ▁Gh ana ▁is ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁top ▁gold ▁min ing ▁sites . ▁It ▁was ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁when ▁the ▁first ▁mach in ery ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁mine ▁the ▁gold ▁from ▁the ▁region . ▁As ▁the ▁years ▁went ▁by , ▁new ▁strateg ies ▁were ▁needed ▁to ▁establish ▁out ▁ways ▁to ▁" tre at ▁the ▁or es ". ▁By ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁A ▁leading ▁chem ist ▁was ▁brought ▁in ▁to ▁help ▁with ▁the ▁strateg ies ▁and ▁brought ▁his ▁Australian ▁method ▁of ▁" d ry ▁cr ushing ▁and ▁ro ast ing ▁prepar atory ▁to ▁treatment ▁with ▁cy an ide ". ▁Many ▁rivers , ▁fish ing ▁areas , ▁and ▁ir rig ation ▁systems ▁have ▁been ▁either ▁slightly ▁or ▁perman ently ▁dam aged . ▁The ▁min ing ▁industry ▁has ▁tried ▁to ▁compens ate ▁by ▁building ▁stand pip es ▁but ▁for ▁many , ▁they ▁have ▁been ▁to ▁no ▁use . ▁The ▁average ▁amount ▁of ▁cont am ination ▁in ▁the ▁water ▁system ▁of