alt ▁with ▁by ▁the ▁courts ▁for ▁behaviour al ▁off ences ▁were ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁in car cer ated ▁than ▁their ▁male ▁counter parts . ▁These ▁equ ity ▁find ings ▁bring ▁up ▁many ▁political ▁and ▁academic ▁questions ▁as ▁to ▁why ▁and ▁how ▁the ▁world ▁we ▁live ▁in ▁can ▁be ▁equal ised . ▁We ▁( C rimin olog ists ) ▁cannot ▁explain ▁why ▁the ▁treatment ▁and ▁pun ishment ▁is ▁the ▁way ▁it ▁is . ▁Last ly ▁men ▁and ▁women , ▁boys ▁and ▁girls ▁are ▁treated ▁as ▁categories . ▁They ▁are ▁meas uring ▁the ▁social ▁construction ▁of ▁gender ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁sex ▁differences . ▁ ▁Fem ale ▁C riminal ity ▁ ▁b ) ▁Early ▁female ▁cr imin ology ▁information ▁was ▁found ▁based ▁on ▁self - report ▁surve ys ▁about ▁illegal ▁activity . ▁The ▁results ▁from ▁the ▁self - report ▁surve ys ▁found ▁that ▁girls ▁were ▁worse ▁than ▁what ▁was ▁originally ▁perce ived , ▁but ▁girls ▁still ▁were ▁not ▁as ▁bad ▁as ▁boys . ▁The ▁women ▁studied ▁seem ▁to ▁have ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁advantages ▁possible . ▁ ▁The ▁self - report ▁surve ys ▁were ▁important ▁because ▁they ▁were ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁looking ▁at ▁men ▁separately ▁from ▁women . ▁ ▁Women ▁as ▁vict ims ▁ ▁c ) ▁The ▁first ▁area ▁of ▁victim isation ▁that ▁women ▁t ended ▁to ▁experience ▁was ▁when ▁they ▁are ▁be aten ▁by ▁un success ful ▁partners ▁to ▁re - c laim ▁domin ance . ▁The ▁second ▁area ▁of ▁victim isation ▁is ▁that ▁against ▁women ▁and ▁children , ▁which ▁“ touch es