▁the ▁l am ell ar ▁phase ▁to ▁a ▁phase ▁of ▁mult il am ell ar ▁ves icles ). ▁He ▁then ▁contributed ▁and ▁successfully ▁illustrated ▁how ▁phys ico - chem istry ▁skills ▁could ▁contribute ▁to ▁the ▁understanding ▁of ▁cell ▁bi ology ▁by ▁studying ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁col lo idal ▁objects ▁interact ing ▁with ▁cells ▁( ad hes ion ▁– ▁internal ization ▁of ▁artificial ▁" vir uses "). ▁ ▁Sub sequently , ▁and ▁led ▁initially ▁by ▁chance ▁to ▁a ▁discovery , ▁he ▁system atically ▁worked ▁towards ▁applications ▁of ▁his ▁work ▁and ▁those ▁of ▁others . ▁The ▁industrial ization ▁of ▁a ▁discovery - based ▁technology : ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁" S pher ul ites ▁" ▁and ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁a ▁meas uring ▁instrument ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁commercial ized ▁( the ▁R he o Scope ) ▁are ▁examples . ▁Through ▁start - ups , ▁the ▁interest ▁of ▁re lying ▁directly ▁on ▁fundamental ▁skills ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁innov ative ▁industrial ▁products . ▁However , ▁this ▁is ▁only ▁one ▁aspect ▁of ▁the ▁system atic ▁efforts ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁able ▁to ▁make , ▁it ▁has ▁thus ▁been ▁able ▁to ▁contribute , ▁within ▁large ▁industrial ▁groups , ▁to ▁the ▁emer gence ▁of ▁innov ations . ▁ ▁Dist in ctions ▁ ▁R oux ▁is ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁C N RS ▁silver ▁medal ▁( 1 9 9 2 ), ▁the ▁IBM ▁materials ▁grand ▁prize ▁( 1 9 9 3 ), ▁the ▁Mer g ier - B our de ix ▁grand ▁prize ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Academy ▁of ▁sciences ▁(