▁due ▁to ▁employ ment ▁choices ▁and ▁prefer ences . ▁Women ▁are ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁consider ▁factors ▁other ▁than ▁sal ary ▁when ▁looking ▁for ▁employ ment . ▁On ▁average , ▁women ▁are ▁less ▁willing ▁to ▁travel ▁or ▁re loc ate , ▁take ▁more ▁hours ▁off ▁and ▁work ▁fewer ▁hours , ▁and ▁choose ▁college ▁maj ors ▁that ▁lead ▁to ▁lower ▁pay ing ▁jobs . ▁Women ▁are ▁also ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁work ▁for ▁govern ments ▁or ▁non - prof its ▁which ▁pay ▁less ▁than ▁the ▁private ▁sector . ▁According ▁to ▁this ▁perspective ▁certain ▁eth nic ▁minor ities ▁and ▁women ▁receive ▁fewer ▁prom ot ions ▁and ▁opportun ities ▁for ▁occupation ▁and ▁economic ▁adv ancement ▁than ▁others . ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁women ▁this ▁concept ▁is ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁glass ▁ce iling ▁keeping ▁women ▁from ▁clim bing ▁the ▁occup ational ▁lad der . ▁ ▁In ▁terms ▁of ▁race , ▁Asian ▁Americans ▁are ▁far ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁highest ▁ear ning ▁ 5 ▁percent ▁than ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁Americans . ▁Studies ▁have ▁shown ▁that ▁African ▁Americans ▁are ▁less ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁h ired ▁than ▁White ▁Americans ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁qual ifications . ▁The ▁continued ▁pre val ence ▁of ▁traditional ▁gender ▁roles ▁and ▁eth nic ▁s tere ot ypes ▁may ▁partially ▁account ▁for ▁current ▁levels ▁of ▁disc rim ination . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁median ▁income ▁levels ▁were ▁highest ▁among ▁Asian ▁and ▁White ▁males ▁and ▁lowest ▁among ▁females ▁of ▁all ▁races , ▁especially ▁those ▁ident ifying ▁as ▁African ▁American ▁or ▁His pan ic .