- I sl am - run ▁religious ▁schools ▁for ▁Afghan ▁refuge es ▁in ▁Pakistan ) ▁also ▁developed ▁in ▁Afghan istan ▁as ▁a ▁politico - rel ig ious ▁force , ▁reported ly ▁in ▁opposition ▁to ▁the ▁ty ran ny ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁governor . ▁Mul lah ▁O mar ▁started ▁his ▁movement ▁with ▁fewer ▁than ▁ 5 0 ▁armed ▁m adr ass ah ▁students ▁in ▁his ▁h omet own ▁of ▁K and ah ar . ▁When ▁the ▁Tal ib an ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁they ▁forced ▁the ▁surrender ▁of ▁do z ens ▁of ▁local ▁Pas ht un ▁leaders ▁who ▁had ▁pres ided ▁over ▁a ▁situation ▁of ▁complete ▁law less ness ▁and ▁at roc ities . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁the ▁Tal ib an ▁took ▁power ▁in ▁several ▁provinces ▁in ▁southern ▁and ▁central ▁Afghan istan . ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁milit ia ▁fa ctions ▁( He z b - i ▁Is l ami , ▁Jun b ish - i ▁Mill i ▁and ▁He z b - i ▁W ah dat ) ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁fighting ▁in ▁the ▁battle ▁for ▁control ▁of ▁Kab ul ▁were ▁defeated ▁militar ily ▁by ▁forces ▁of ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁State ' s ▁Secretary ▁of ▁Def ense ▁A hm ad ▁Shah ▁Mass oud . ▁Bomb ard ment ▁of ▁the ▁capital ▁came ▁to ▁a ▁halt . ▁Mass oud ▁tried ▁to ▁initi ate ▁a ▁nation wide ▁political ▁process ▁with ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁national ▁cons olid ation