▁this ▁" break down " ▁was ▁a ▁fabric ation . ▁One ▁observer ▁said , ▁" For ▁the ▁ordinary ▁citiz en , ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁the ▁network ▁but ▁the ▁Mexican ▁political ▁system ▁that ▁had ▁crash ed ." ▁Although ▁early ▁results ▁of ▁the ▁parallel ▁vote ▁tab ulation ▁had ▁indicated ▁Cu au ht em oc ▁C ár den as ▁was ▁winning , ▁when ▁the ▁official ▁results ▁were ▁announced , ▁Sal inas ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁ek ed ▁out ▁a ▁narrow ▁victory . ▁ ▁E lections ▁rig ged ▁Years ▁later , ▁former ▁president ▁Miguel ▁de ▁la ▁Madrid ▁admitted ▁in ▁an ▁aut obi ography ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁not ▁yet ▁any ▁official ▁vote ▁count ▁when ▁the ▁P RI ▁declared ▁Sal inas ▁as ▁the ▁winner . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁the ▁r uling ▁P RI ▁and ▁the ▁opposition ▁P AN ▁approved ▁a ▁motion ▁to ▁burn ▁all ▁the ▁ball ots , ▁therefore ▁removing ▁all ▁evidence ▁of ▁the ▁fra ud . ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁study ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Political ▁Science ▁Review ▁found ▁" ev idence ▁of ▁bl at ant ▁alter ations " ▁in ▁approximately ▁one ▁third ▁of ▁the ▁tal lies ▁in ▁the ▁election . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁President ▁ ▁By ▁state ▁ ▁Senate ▁ ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Deput ies ▁▁ ¹ ▁Several ▁parties ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Democratic ▁Front ▁al liance , ▁with ▁some ▁candidates ▁running ▁separately ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁" Co al ition ". ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁elections ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁in ▁Mexico