▁settlement ▁there ▁was ▁finally ▁bur nt ▁to ▁the ▁ground ▁by ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁in ▁ 1 6 1 3 ▁and ▁the ▁island ▁s ank ▁into ▁obsc urity ▁for ▁two ▁hundred ▁years ▁until ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁with ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁Sir ▁St am ford ▁R aff les . ▁ ▁Singapore ' s ▁national ▁hon ours ▁The ▁Republic ' s ▁two ▁most ▁important ▁national ▁hon ours ▁are ▁titled ▁B int ang ▁Tem ase k ▁( The ▁Star ▁of ▁Tem ase k ▁for ▁acts ▁of ▁exception al ▁courage ▁and ▁skill ▁or ▁exhib iting ▁consp ic uous ▁dev otion ▁to ▁duty ▁in ▁circumstances ▁of ▁extreme ▁danger ) ▁and ▁the ▁Dar j ah ▁Ut ama ▁Tem ase k ▁( Order ▁of ▁Tem ase k , ▁for ▁out standing ▁and ▁exception al ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁country ). ▁ ▁Other ▁institutions ▁that ▁bear ▁the ▁name : ▁ ▁Tem ase k ▁Hold ings , ▁a ▁Singapore ▁invest ment ▁firm , ▁fully ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Fin ance ▁ ▁Tem ase k ▁Junior ▁College ▁ ▁Tem ase k ▁Life ▁Sciences ▁Labor atory , ▁at ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Singapore ▁ ▁Tem ase k ▁Labor ator ies , ▁at ▁N any ang ▁Techn ological ▁University ▁ ▁Tem ase k ▁Poly techn ic ▁ ▁Tem ase k ▁Primary ▁School ▁ ▁Tem ase k ▁Second ary ▁School ▁ ▁Tem ase k ▁Tower ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Names ▁of ▁Singapore ▁ ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Singap ura ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁A ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Lion ▁City ▁- ▁Chapter ▁from ▁an ▁online ▁text