▁is ▁the ▁mon omer ▁in ▁the ▁prepar ation ▁of ▁highly ▁acid ic ▁or ▁an ionic ▁hom opol ym ers ▁and ▁cop ol ym ers . ▁ ▁These ▁polym ers ▁are ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁electronic ▁industry ▁as ▁phot ores ists , ▁as ▁ion - con duct ive ▁polym er ▁electro ly te ▁memb ran es ▁( PE M ) ▁for ▁fuel ▁cells . ▁For ▁example , ▁transparent ▁memb ran es ▁with ▁high ▁ion ▁exchange ▁capacity ▁and ▁pro ton ▁conduct ivity ▁can ▁be ▁produced ▁from ▁poly vin yl s ulf onic ▁acid . ▁ ▁Research ▁Vin yl s ulf onic ▁acid ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁gra ft ed ▁to ▁polym er ic ▁supports ▁( e . g . ▁pol yst y rene ) ▁to ▁give ▁highly ▁acid ic ▁ion ▁ex ch angers , ▁which ▁used ▁as ▁catal yst s ▁for ▁est er ification ▁and ▁Fried el - C raft s ▁a cy l ations . ▁Where ▁the ▁sul f onic ▁acid ▁functionality ▁is ▁not ▁essential , ▁the ▁much ▁more ▁us able ▁al kal ine ▁a que ous ▁solution ▁of ▁sod ium ▁vin yl s ulf on ate ▁is ▁used , ▁which ▁is ▁obtained ▁directly ▁in ▁the ▁al kal ine ▁hydro ly s is ▁of ▁the ▁car by l ▁sul f ate ▁and ▁is ▁commer cially ▁supplied ▁as ▁an ▁a que ous ▁solution .. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : S ulf onic ▁ac ids ▁Category : M onom ers ▁Category : V in yl ▁comp ounds <0x0A> </s> ▁Al la kappa ▁was , ▁in ▁Buddh ist ▁tradition