▁by ▁the ▁reb els . ▁Em press ▁Dow ager ▁C ix i ▁gained ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁re bell ion ▁and ▁tried ▁to ▁use ▁it ▁against ▁the ▁foreign ▁powers . ▁The ▁failure ▁of ▁the ▁re bell ion ▁led ▁ten ▁years ▁later ▁to ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁D ynast y ▁and ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Republic . ▁ ▁The ▁present ▁view ▁of ▁Chinese ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁is ▁strongly ▁influenced ▁by ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁the ▁Republican ▁Period ▁( 1 9 1 2 – 1 9 4 9 ). ▁In ▁the ▁transition ▁period ▁between ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁D ynast y ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁tur mo il ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁invasion ▁and ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Civil ▁War , ▁Chinese ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁became ▁more ▁accessible ▁to ▁the ▁general ▁public ▁as ▁many ▁mart ial ▁artists ▁were ▁encourag ed ▁to ▁open ly ▁teach ▁their ▁art . ▁At ▁that ▁time , ▁some ▁considered ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁as ▁a ▁means ▁to ▁promote ▁national ▁pride ▁and ▁build ▁a ▁strong ▁nation . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁many ▁training ▁manual s ▁( 拳 <0xE8> <0xB0> <0xB1> ) ▁were ▁published , ▁a ▁training ▁a cademy ▁was ▁created , ▁two ▁national ▁exam in ations ▁were ▁organized ▁and ▁demonstr ation ▁teams ▁tra ve led ▁over se as . ▁N umer ous ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁associations ▁were ▁formed ▁throughout ▁China ▁and ▁in ▁various ▁over se as ▁Chinese ▁communities . ▁The ▁Central ▁Gu os hu ▁Academy ▁( Z h ong y ang ▁Gu osh ug uan , ▁ 中 <0xE5> <0xA4> <0xAE> 國 術