▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Director ate - General ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁Fin an cial ▁Affairs . ▁Sub sequ ent ▁positions ▁include ▁Cab inet ▁Head ▁to ▁Commission er ▁P avel ▁T eli čka ▁and ▁Deput y ▁Cab inet ▁Head ▁for ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁Commission ▁José ▁Manuel ▁Bar ro so ▁( 2 0 0 4 ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁and ▁Deput y ▁Secretary - General ▁( 2 0 0 6 ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 0 ). ▁After ▁being ▁the ▁Director - General ▁of ▁the ▁Director ate - General ▁for ▁Compet ition ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁he ▁became ▁ ▁Secretary - General ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁Commission ▁on ▁ 1 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁a ▁position ▁he ▁held ▁until ▁ 1 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁he ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁European ▁Commission . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁he ▁took ▁a ▁position ▁as ▁an ▁international ▁policy ▁ad visor ▁for ▁the ▁American ▁law ▁firm ▁Arnold ▁& ▁Por ter . ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁Italian er ▁has ▁published ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 ▁articles ▁and ▁ 3 ▁books ▁about ▁the ▁Econom ic ▁and ▁Mon et ary ▁Union ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁Union , ▁integration ▁econom ics , ▁labour , ▁energy , ▁macro e conom ics ▁and ▁international ▁trade . ▁ ▁Books ▁and ▁mon ograph ies ▁▁ ▁Alexander ▁Italian er , ▁Theory ▁and ▁Pract ice