3 ▁million ▁African - Amer icans , ▁and ▁ 1 ▁million ▁Asian - Amer icans . ▁The ▁lack ▁of ▁divers ity ▁is ▁still ▁very ▁apparent ▁in ▁golf ▁today . ▁ ▁Pos itions ▁of ▁power : ▁co aching ▁and ▁administration ▁ ▁Refer ring ▁to ▁quarter back s , ▁head ▁coach es , ▁and ▁athlet ic ▁direct ors , ▁Kenneth ▁L . ▁Sh ro pshire ▁of ▁the ▁Wh art on ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁has ▁described ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁African ▁Americans ▁in ▁" pos itions ▁of ▁power " ▁as ▁" wo e fully ▁low ". ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 7 8 % ▁of ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁NBA ▁were ▁black , ▁but ▁only ▁ 3 3 % ▁of ▁NBA ▁officials ▁were ▁minor ities . ▁ ▁The ▁lack ▁of ▁minor ities ▁in ▁positions ▁of ▁leadership ▁has ▁been ▁attributed ▁to ▁ra cial ▁s tere ot ypes ▁as ▁well ▁" old ▁boy ▁networks " ▁and ▁white ▁administr ators ▁networking ▁within ▁their ▁own ▁race . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁NFL ▁implemented ▁the ▁Ro oney ▁Rule , ▁requiring ▁teams ▁searching ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁head ▁coach ▁to ▁interview ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁minor ity ▁candidate . ▁ ▁With ▁an ▁in ade qu ate ▁number ▁of ▁minor ities ▁in ▁executive ▁positions ▁in ▁the ▁NFL , ▁the ▁NFL ▁decided ▁to ▁rev ise ▁the ▁Ro oney ▁Rule ▁to ▁include ▁teams ▁to ▁interview ▁minor ities ▁for ▁general ▁manager ▁positions . ▁There ▁has ▁been ▁back l ash ▁on ▁how ▁effective ▁this ▁rule ▁has ▁been ▁and ▁if ▁there