▁ins ist , ▁determ ining ▁it ▁fully ▁in ▁advance . ▁ ▁Ex c itable ▁Spe ech ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁ ▁In ▁Ex c itable ▁Spe ech : ▁A ▁Polit ics ▁of ▁the ▁Perform ative , ▁Butler ▁surve ys ▁the ▁problems ▁of ▁hate ▁speech ▁and ▁c ensor ship . ▁She ▁arg ues ▁that ▁c ensor ship ▁is ▁difficult ▁to ▁evaluate , ▁and ▁that ▁in ▁some ▁cases ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁useful ▁or ▁even ▁necessary , ▁while ▁in ▁others ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁worse ▁than ▁toler ance . ▁ ▁Butler ▁arg ues ▁that ▁hate ▁speech ▁exists ▁ret ros pect ively , ▁only ▁after ▁being ▁declared ▁such ▁by ▁state ▁authorities . ▁In ▁this ▁way , ▁the ▁state ▁res erves ▁for ▁itself ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁define ▁hate ▁speech ▁and , ▁convers ely , ▁the ▁limits ▁of ▁acceptable ▁disc ourse . ▁In ▁this ▁connection , ▁Butler ▁critic izes ▁femin ist ▁legal ▁scholar ▁C ath ar ine ▁Mac K inn on ' s ▁argument ▁against ▁por n ography ▁for ▁its ▁un question ing ▁accept ance ▁of ▁the ▁state ' s ▁power ▁to ▁c ensor . ▁ ▁Dep loy ing ▁Fou ca ult ' s ▁argument ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁volume ▁of ▁The ▁History ▁of ▁Sex ual ity , ▁Butler ▁claims ▁that ▁any ▁attempt ▁at ▁c ensor ship , ▁legal ▁or ▁otherwise , ▁necessarily ▁propag ates ▁the ▁very ▁language ▁it ▁see ks ▁to ▁forb id . ▁As ▁Fou ca ult ▁arg ues , ▁for ▁example , ▁the ▁strict ▁sexual ▁m ores ▁of ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁Western ▁Europe