▁Norwegian ization ▁ ▁The ▁J oint ▁S á mi ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 8 3 ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁major ▁attempt ▁by ▁the ▁authorities ▁to ▁" g ain ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Sam i ' s ▁rein de er ▁her ding ". ▁The ▁law ▁applied ▁to ▁both ▁Norway ▁and ▁Sweden , ▁and ▁established ▁territ ories ▁for ▁rein de er ▁gra zing . ▁The ▁law ▁introduced ▁the ▁principle ▁of ▁collect ive ▁li ability ▁for ▁all ▁share hold ers ▁in ▁the ▁rein de er ▁gra zing ▁territ ories ▁for ▁dam ages ▁inf lic ted ▁by ▁the ▁rein de er ▁on ▁the ▁local ▁agricult ure . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 4 , ▁the ▁boundaries ▁for ▁rein de er ▁gra zing ▁were ▁established , ▁yet ▁important ▁gra zing ▁areas ▁such ▁as ▁T roll heim en ▁and ▁Ga uld als vid da ▁fell ▁outside ▁these ▁boundaries . ▁With ▁the ▁Supp lement ary ▁S á mi ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 9 7 , ▁land own ers ▁received ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁prohib it ▁rein de er ▁her ding ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁rein de er ▁gra zing ▁territ ories . ▁Pres cript ive ▁rights ▁and ▁common ▁law ▁were ▁thus ▁dis reg arded . ▁However , ▁the ▁legal ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁rein de er ▁her ding ▁was ▁in ▁constant ▁motion , ▁and ▁several ▁comm issions ▁worked ▁on ▁the ▁rein de er ▁her ding ▁question ▁up ▁until ▁the ▁next ▁rein de er ▁her ding ▁act ▁came ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 . ▁ ▁In ▁Sweden , ▁the ▁" limit ▁of ▁cultiv