ED AX ▁police ▁units , ▁Rafael ▁Val den eb ro ▁S ot elo , ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁when ▁he ▁tried ▁to ▁de activ ate ▁an ▁explos ive ▁device ▁attributed ▁to ▁the ▁Can ary ▁Islands ▁Independ ence ▁Mov ement . ▁Many ▁other ▁vict ims ▁of ▁the ▁police ▁units ▁were ▁killed ▁trying ▁to ▁def use ▁E TA ▁bomb s . ▁In ▁the ▁Ar med ▁Forces , ▁the ▁first ▁victim ▁was ▁Captain ▁Fernando ▁Ál vare z ▁Rodríguez , ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁in ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina . ▁ ▁Category : B omb ▁dispos al ▁Category : E mer gency ▁services ▁Category : National ▁law ▁enfor cement ▁ag encies ▁of ▁Spain <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁N ec ess ary ▁and ▁Pro per ▁Cla use , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁El astic ▁Cla use , ▁is ▁a ▁clause ▁in ▁Article ▁I , ▁Section ▁ 8 ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Constitution : ▁ ▁Background ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Articles ▁of ▁Confeder ation , ▁" each ▁state ▁retain s ▁its ▁so vere ig nt y , ▁freedom , ▁and ▁independence , ▁and ▁every ▁power , ▁juris diction , ▁and ▁right , ▁which ▁is ▁not ▁by ▁this ▁Confeder ation ▁express ly ▁deleg ated " ▁( emph asis ▁added ). ▁ ▁Thus , ▁the ▁Cont inental ▁Congress ▁had ▁no ▁powers ▁incident al ▁to ▁those ▁" express ly ▁deleg ated " ▁by ▁the ▁Articles ▁of ▁Confeder ation . ▁By ▁contrast , ▁the ▁N ec ess ary ▁and ▁Pro per ▁Cla use ▁express ly ▁conf ers