▁formed ▁the ▁largest ▁Jewish ▁community ▁in ▁pre - war ▁Europe ▁at ▁about ▁ 3 . 3 ▁million ▁people , ▁was ▁all ▁but ▁destroyed ▁by ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁Appro xim ately ▁ 3 ▁million ▁Jews ▁died ▁of ▁star v ation ▁in ▁gh ett os ▁and ▁labor ▁cam ps , ▁were ▁sla ugh tered ▁at ▁the ▁German ▁Naz i ▁ex termin ation ▁cam ps ▁or ▁by ▁the ▁Einsatz gru ppen ▁death ▁squad s . ▁Between ▁ 4 0 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Polish ▁Jews ▁surv ived ▁the ▁Hol oca ust ▁in ▁Poland , ▁and ▁another ▁ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 7 0 , 0 0 0 ▁were ▁rep atri ated ▁from ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union , ▁and ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁ 4 0 , 0 0 0 ▁from ▁Germany ▁and ▁other ▁countries . ▁At ▁its ▁post war ▁peak , ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 8 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁ 2 4 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Jews ▁in ▁Poland , ▁settled ▁mostly ▁in ▁Wars aw , ▁Ł ód ź , ▁Krak ów ▁and ▁W roc ław . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁national ▁census , ▁which ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁population ▁of ▁Poland ▁was ▁ 2 3 , 9 ▁million , ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 3 2 % ▁lived ▁in ▁cities ▁and ▁towns , ▁and ▁ 6 8 % ▁lived ▁in ▁the ▁coun tr