9 1 1 ) ▁dynast ies ▁re construct ed ▁the ▁Sh izi ▁from ▁quotes ▁in ▁numerous ▁sources , ▁yet ▁only ▁about ▁ 1 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁text ▁was ▁recovered ▁and ▁now ▁ext ant . ▁Western ▁sin ology ▁has ▁largely ▁ignored ▁the ▁Sh izi ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁Chinese ▁class ics ▁to ▁be ▁translated ▁into ▁English ▁( F ischer ▁ 2 0 1 2 ). ▁ ▁Author ship ▁ ▁Little ▁is ▁known ▁about ▁Sh i ▁J iao ▁or ▁Sh izi ▁" Master ▁Sh i " ▁except ▁for ▁references ▁to ▁his ▁e pon ym ous ▁text . ▁He ▁was ▁probably ▁from ▁the ▁W arring ▁States ▁period ▁state ▁of ▁Jin ▁( mod ern ▁Sh an xi ), ▁and ▁employed ▁by ▁the ▁Leg al ist ▁states man ▁Shang ▁Yang ▁( 3 9 0 – 3 3 8 ▁B CE ), ▁the ▁chief ▁minister ▁of ▁Q in ▁( mod ern ▁Sh an xi ) ▁for ▁Duke ▁X iao . ▁When ▁Duke ▁X iao ▁died ▁in ▁ 3 3 8 ▁B CE , ▁his ▁successor ▁King ▁H ui wen ▁ordered ▁Shang ▁Yang ▁to ▁be ▁executed ▁by ▁dis member ment ▁and ▁his ▁entire ▁family ▁to ▁be ▁ex termin ated . ▁Sh i ▁J iao ▁fled ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Sh u ▁( mod ern ▁S ich uan ), ▁where ▁he ▁wrote ▁the ▁Sh izi ▁in ▁ 2 0 ▁sections ▁total ing ▁over ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Chinese ▁characters , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁died . ▁ ▁The ▁Chinese ▁surname ▁Sh i ▁is ▁commonly ▁written