ed ▁forms ▁appear ▁addition ally ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁these ▁sentences ▁or ▁cla uses . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁English ▁phrase ▁" How ▁old ▁are ▁you ?" ▁has ▁just ▁the ▁final ▁question ▁mark , ▁while ▁the ▁Spanish ▁equivalent , ▁¿ C u ánt os ▁años ▁t ien es ? ▁begins ▁with ▁an ▁invert ed ▁question ▁mark . ▁ ▁The ▁invert ed ▁question ▁and ▁ex clam ation ▁marks ▁were ▁gradually ▁adopted ▁following ▁the ▁Real ▁Academia ' s ▁recommend ations ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Ort ografía ▁de ▁la ▁leng ua ▁cast ell ana ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 4 . ▁ ▁Arab ic ▁alphabet ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁and ▁ 1 6 th ▁centuries , ▁dialect al ▁Spanish ▁( as ▁well ▁as ▁Portuguese ▁and ▁Lad ino ) ▁was ▁sometimes ▁written ▁in ▁the ▁Arab ic ▁alphabet ▁by ▁mor is cos . ▁This ▁form ▁of ▁writing ▁is ▁called ▁al j ami ado . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁In vert ed ▁question ▁and ▁ex clam ation ▁marks ▁ ▁Spanish ▁manual ▁alphabet ▁ ▁Chile an ▁manual ▁alphabet ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁External ▁links A ▁la ▁na ción ▁españ ola : ▁S obre ▁reform as ▁ort ográ f icas ' ', ▁Mar iano ▁Cub í ▁i ▁Sol er , ▁Im pr enta ▁de ▁Miguel ▁i ▁Ja ime ▁Gas par , ▁Barcelona , ▁ 1 8 5 2 ▁( B ibli oteca ▁Digital ▁His p án ica ). ▁Coll ation ▁in ▁Spanish ▁Ort ografía ▁de ▁la ▁leng ua ▁españ ola ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁Real ▁Academia