▁the ▁boy ▁( p uer ī ▁boy = gen itive ) ▁ ▁pu er ▁p uel la e ▁ro sam ▁dat ▁→ ▁the ▁boy ▁gives ▁the ▁girl ▁a ▁rose ▁( p uer ▁boy = n omin ative ; ▁p uel la e ▁girl = d ative ; ▁ro sam ▁rose = acc us ative ; ▁dat ▁give = third ▁person ▁singular ▁present ) ▁ ▁S ansk rit ▁ ▁S ansk rit , ▁another ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁language , ▁has ▁eight ▁cases : ▁nomin ative , ▁voc ative , ▁accus ative , ▁gen itive , ▁d ative , ▁ab l ative , ▁loc ative ▁and ▁instrument al . ▁Some ▁do ▁not ▁count ▁voc ative ▁as ▁a ▁separate ▁case , ▁despite ▁it ▁having ▁a ▁distinct ive ▁ending ▁in ▁the ▁singular , ▁but ▁consider ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁different ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁nomin ative . ▁ ▁S ansk rit ▁gram mat ical ▁cases ▁have ▁been ▁analyz ed ▁extens ively . ▁The ▁grammar ian ▁P ā ṇ ini ▁identified ▁six ▁semantic ▁roles ▁or ▁kar aka , ▁which ▁correspond ▁closely ▁to ▁the ▁eight ▁cases : ▁ ▁agent ▁( k art ṛ , ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁nomin ative ) ▁ ▁patient ▁( kar man , ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁accus ative ) ▁ ▁means ▁( k ara ṇ a , ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁instrument al ) ▁ ▁recip ient ▁( sam pr ad ā na , ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁d ative ) ▁ ▁source ▁( ap ā d ā na , ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁ab l ative ) ▁relation