▁list ▁of ▁r ul ers ▁of ▁I cel and , ▁r uling ▁from ▁ 1 2 6 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁ ▁I cel and ▁was ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 9 th ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 0 th ▁centuries , ▁princip ally ▁by ▁people ▁of ▁Norwegian ▁and ▁other ▁Sc and in av ian ▁origin . ▁In ▁ 9 3 0 , ▁the ▁r uling ▁chief s ▁established ▁a ▁republic an ▁constitution ▁and ▁an ▁assembly ▁called ▁the ▁Al thing — the ▁oldest ▁parliament ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁I cel and ▁remained ▁independent ▁until ▁ 1 2 6 2 , ▁when ▁it ▁entered ▁into ▁a ▁treat y ▁which ▁established ▁a ▁union ▁with ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁mon archy . ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁Norway ▁and ▁Den mark ▁entered ▁into ▁a ▁union . ▁The ▁union ▁between ▁Den mark ▁and ▁Norway , ▁ign oring ▁some ▁shorter ▁periods , ▁last ed ▁until ▁ 1 8 1 4 , ▁when ▁Norway ▁briefly ▁gained ▁independence , ▁and ▁I cel and ▁became ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁Den mark ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁when ▁I cel and ▁was ▁recogn ised ▁as ▁a ▁fully ▁so ver eign ▁state ▁un ited ▁with ▁Den mark ▁under ▁a ▁common ▁monarch , ▁on ▁ 1 ▁December ▁that ▁same ▁year . ▁ ▁Following ▁a ▁constitution al ▁refer endum ▁between ▁ 2 0 ▁and ▁ 2 3 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁I cel and ▁formally ▁became ▁an ▁independent ▁republic ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁June ▁ 1