▁ ▁The ▁work ▁also ▁tells ▁of ▁gender ▁roles ▁in ▁Japan ▁and ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁contemporary ▁Japanese ▁family . ▁Working ▁men , ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁oblig ation ▁to ▁eng age ▁in ▁social izing , ▁are ▁often ▁absent ▁from ▁the ▁home . ▁The ▁Japanese ▁government ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁granted ▁after - work ▁entertain ment ▁such ▁as ▁host ess ▁clubs ▁tax - ded uct ible ▁exp ense ▁status ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁its ▁integr ality ▁to ▁corpor ate ▁culture ▁would ▁help ▁Japan ' s ▁economic ▁success . ▁Men ▁were ▁at ▁home ▁typically ▁only ▁on ▁the ▁week ends , ▁a ▁well - document ed ▁phenomen on , ▁leading ▁to ▁the ▁col lo qu ial ▁term ▁for ▁f athers ▁and ▁hus b ands ▁in ▁contemporary ▁Japanese ▁society , ▁" our ▁Sunday ▁friend ." ▁ ▁Research ▁Anne ▁All ison , ▁currently ▁professor ▁of ▁cultural ▁anth rop ology ▁at ▁Duke ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁wrote ▁Night work ▁through ▁particip ant - observ ation ▁eth n ography . ▁ ▁All ison , ▁who ▁received ▁her ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁anth rop ology ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago , ▁actually ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁host ess ▁girl ▁at ▁a ▁club ▁in ▁Tokyo ▁she ▁calls ▁" B ijo " ▁to ▁perform ▁her ▁research . ▁She ▁observed ▁and ▁interview ed ▁host esses ▁and ▁other ▁club ▁workers ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁w ives ▁of ▁the ▁men ▁who ▁frequ ented ▁such ▁clubs ▁and ▁others . ▁The ▁unique ▁perspective ▁developed ▁in ▁the