ation ▁differ ▁among ▁species . ▁A sex ual ▁reprodu ction ▁is ▁where ▁the ▁mother ▁fung i ▁and ▁off spring ▁are ▁gen et ically ▁identical . ▁Pow der ▁mil de w ▁fung i ▁off spring ▁of ▁whe at ▁and ▁bar ley ▁species ▁are ▁more ▁successful ▁from ▁a sex ual ▁reprodu ction ▁compared ▁to ▁sexual ▁reprodu ction ▁counter parts . ▁ ▁V ectors ▁of ▁transmission ▁W ool ly ▁a ph ids ▁( E rios om at inae ) ▁and ▁other ▁su ck ing ▁insect s ▁are ▁often ▁vectors ▁of ▁transmission ▁for ▁pow der y ▁mil de w , ▁and ▁other ▁inf ect ious ▁dise ases . ▁Typ ically ▁w ool ly ▁a ph ids ▁in ▁sub ▁temper ate ▁clim ates ▁preced e ▁and ▁are ▁an ▁indicator ▁of ▁various ▁in fe ctions , ▁including ▁Pow der y ▁mil de w . ▁A ph ids ▁pen et rate ▁plant ▁surfaces ▁where ▁they ▁often ▁res ide ▁and ▁provide ▁a ▁host ▁of ▁potential ▁in oc ul ants ▁through ▁physical , ▁dig est ive ▁or ▁f ec al ▁secret ions . ▁A ph ids ▁are ▁often ▁an ▁indicator ▁of ▁other ▁potential ▁plant ▁problems . ▁ ▁Management ▁In ▁an ▁agricult ural ▁setting , ▁the ▁path ogen ▁can ▁be ▁controlled ▁using ▁chemical ▁methods , ▁gen etic ▁resistance , ▁and ▁careful ▁far ming ▁methods . ▁ ▁Con vent ional ▁chemical ▁control ▁Standard ▁fung ic ides ▁are ▁an ▁effective ▁way ▁to ▁manage ▁pow der y ▁mil de w ▁disease ▁on ▁plants . ▁Sp ray ▁programs ▁of ▁conventional ▁fung ic ides ▁are ▁ad vised ▁to