▁improvements ▁through ▁the ▁policies ▁that ▁reg ulate ▁prices ▁in ▁mark ets . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁economic ▁perspective , ▁green house ▁gas ▁em issions ▁are ▁considered ▁‘ external ities ’ ▁that ▁are ▁not ▁fully ▁trad ed ▁and ▁pr iced ▁in ▁mark ets , ▁lack ing ▁cred ible ▁market ▁value . ▁Address ing ▁climate ▁change ▁becomes ▁an ▁issue ▁for ▁society ▁and ▁cannot ▁be ▁achieved ▁simply ▁from ▁the ▁progress es ▁of ▁private ▁mark ets , ▁consum ers ▁and ▁produ cers . ▁Iss ues ▁such ▁as , ▁directly ▁reg ulating ▁personal ▁choices ▁to ▁reduce ▁green house ▁gas ▁em issions ▁will ▁require ▁the ▁government ▁to ▁out law ▁large ▁cars , ▁raise ▁carbon ▁or ▁foss il ▁fuel ▁tax es , ▁and ▁even ▁increase ▁public ▁trans it ▁sp ending . ▁Furthermore , ▁subs id ising ▁production ▁and ▁diffusion ▁throughout ▁society ▁is ▁polit ically ▁less ▁challeng ing ▁because ▁techn ological ▁innov ation ▁is ▁substantial ▁to ▁economic ▁growth . ▁Energy ▁efficiency ▁improvements ▁directly ▁affect ▁the ▁consum ers ▁( i . e . ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁Canadian ▁government ▁helped ▁citizens ’ ▁save ▁$ 1 2 ▁billion ▁in ▁energy ▁costs ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁accum ulating ▁an ▁average ▁sav ings ▁of ▁$ 8 6 9 ▁per ▁household ). ▁ ▁For ▁techn ological ▁innov ation ▁to ▁achieve ▁economic ▁sust ain ability , ▁an ▁economy ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁ensure ▁responsible ▁and ▁limited ▁use ▁of ▁natural ▁resources ▁that ▁are ▁non - ren ew able ▁or ▁not ▁harm ful ▁to ▁the ▁environment , ▁such ▁as ▁foss il ▁fu els ▁or