▁the ▁book ▁on ▁the ▁table ". ▁Le ave ▁is ▁used ▁in ▁some ▁context s ▁in ▁which , ▁in ▁standard ▁English , ▁let ▁would ▁be ▁used ; ▁and ▁vice ▁vers a . ▁U sed ▁in ▁South western ▁Pennsylvania ▁and ▁elsewhere , ▁this ▁is ▁either ▁Pennsylvania ▁German ▁or ▁Sc ots - I r ish . ▁" Ne ed , ▁want , ▁or ▁like ▁+ ▁past ▁partici ple ": ▁Ex amples ▁of ▁this ▁include ▁" The ▁car ▁needs ▁was hed ", ▁" The ▁cat ▁wants ▁p ett ed ", ▁and ▁" B ab ies ▁like ▁c ud d led ". ▁More ▁common ▁constru ctions ▁are ▁" The ▁grass ▁needs ▁cutting " ▁or ▁" The ▁grass ▁needs ▁to ▁be ▁cut " ▁or ▁" B ab ies ▁like ▁c ud d ling " ▁or ▁" B ab ies ▁like ▁to ▁be ▁c ud d led "; ▁" The ▁car ▁needs ▁was hing " ▁or ▁" The ▁car ▁needs ▁to ▁be ▁was hed "; ▁and ▁" The ▁cat ▁wants ▁pet ting " ▁or ▁" The ▁cat ▁wants ▁to ▁be ▁p ett ed ." ▁Found ▁pre domin antly ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁Mid land ▁region , ▁this ▁is ▁especially ▁common ▁in ▁south western ▁Pennsylvania ▁( M ur ray , ▁Fra zer ▁and ▁Simon ▁ 1 9 9 6 ; ▁Murray ▁and ▁Simon ▁ 1 9 9 9 ; ▁Murray ▁and ▁Simon ▁ 2 0 0 2 ). ▁Need ▁+ ▁past ▁partici ple ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁common ▁construction , ▁followed ▁by ▁want ▁+ ▁past ▁partici ple , ▁and ▁then ▁like ▁+ ▁past