▁or ▁fallen ▁into ▁dis use . ▁Bas que ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁non - Ind o - Europe an ▁surv iving ▁language ▁in ▁I ber ia ▁and ▁Western ▁Europe . ▁ ▁In ▁modern ▁times , ▁Spanish ▁( cf . ▁ 3 0 ▁to ▁ 4 0 ▁million ▁speak ers ), ▁Portuguese ▁( cf . ▁around ▁ 1 0 ▁million ▁speak ers ), ▁Catal an ▁( cf . ▁around ▁ 9 ▁million ▁speak ers ), ▁Gal ician ▁( cf . ▁around ▁ 3 ▁million ▁speak ers ) ▁and ▁Bas que ▁( cf . ▁around ▁ 1 ▁million ▁speak ers ) ▁are ▁the ▁most ▁widely ▁spoken ▁languages ▁in ▁the ▁I ber ian ▁Pen ins ula . ▁Spanish ▁and ▁Portuguese ▁have ▁expanded ▁beyond ▁I ber ia ▁to ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁world , ▁becoming ▁global ▁languages . ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁ ▁Both ▁Spain ▁and ▁Portugal ▁have ▁tradition ally ▁used ▁a ▁non - standard ▁rail ▁gauge ▁( the ▁ 1 , 6 6 8 ▁mm ▁I ber ian ▁gauge ) ▁since ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁rail ro ads ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁Spain ▁has ▁progress ively ▁introduced ▁the ▁ 1 , 4 3 5 ▁mm ▁standard ▁gauge ▁in ▁its ▁new ▁high - speed ▁rail ▁network ▁( one ▁the ▁most ▁extensive ▁in ▁the ▁world ), ▁inaugur ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁with ▁the ▁Madrid – Se ville ▁line , ▁followed ▁to ▁name ▁a ▁few ▁by ▁the ▁Madrid – Bar cel ona ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁Madrid – Val encia ▁( 2