▁was ▁a ▁use ▁of ▁pre car ia ▁or ▁benef ices , ▁in ▁which ▁land ▁was ▁held ▁condition ally ▁( the ▁root ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁word ▁" prec ari ous "). ▁ ▁To ▁these ▁two ▁systems , ▁the ▁Carol ing ian ▁monarch s ▁added ▁a ▁third , ▁the ▁apr is io , ▁which ▁linked ▁man orial ism ▁with ▁fe ud al ism . ▁The ▁apr is io ▁made ▁its ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁Char lemagne ' s ▁province ▁of ▁Sept im ania ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁France , ▁when ▁Char lemagne ▁had ▁to ▁sett le ▁the ▁Vis ig oth ic ▁refuge es ▁who ▁had ▁fled ▁with ▁his ▁retre ating ▁forces ▁after ▁the ▁failure ▁of ▁his ▁Zar ago za ▁expedition ▁of ▁ 7 7 8 . ▁He ▁solved ▁this ▁problem ▁by ▁all ot ting ▁" des ert " ▁tract s ▁of ▁un c ult iv ated ▁land ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁royal ▁f isc ▁under ▁direct ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁em peror . ▁These ▁hold ings ▁apr is io ▁ent a iled ▁specific ▁conditions . ▁The ▁earliest ▁specific ▁apr is io ▁grant ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁identified ▁was ▁at ▁Font jon c ouse , ▁near ▁Nar bon ne ▁( see ▁Lewis , ▁links ). ▁In ▁former ▁Roman ▁settlement s , ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁vill as , ▁d ating ▁from ▁Late ▁Anti qu ity , ▁was ▁inherited ▁by ▁the ▁medieval ▁world . ▁ ▁Common ▁features ▁ ▁Man ors ▁each ▁consisted ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁three ▁classes ▁of ▁land : ▁Dem es ne , ▁the ▁part ▁directly ▁controlled ▁by ▁the ▁lord ▁and