▁( 1 8 3 4 ). ▁Like ▁" F erd in ando ▁E bol i " ▁and ▁Sh elle y ' s ▁novel ▁Fran ken stein , ▁" Trans formation " ▁expl ores ▁the ▁Goth ic ▁mot if ▁of ▁the ▁double , ▁or ▁do ppel g änger . ▁This ▁mot if ▁is ▁common ▁in ▁nin ete enth - century ▁Goth ic ▁fiction , ▁including , ▁for ▁example , ▁James ▁Hog g ' s ▁The ▁Private ▁Mem oir s ▁and ▁Conf essions ▁of ▁a ▁Just ified ▁S inner ▁( 1 8 2 4 ), ▁Robert ▁Louis ▁Stevens on ' s ▁Str ange ▁Case ▁of ▁Dr . ▁J ek yll ▁and ▁Mr . ▁Hy de ▁( 1 8 8 6 ), ▁and ▁Oscar ▁Wil de ' s ▁The ▁Picture ▁of ▁Dor ian ▁Gray ▁( 1 8 9 0 ). ▁ ▁" Trans formation " ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁influenced ▁by ▁Lord ▁By ron ' s ▁un fin ished ▁drama ▁The ▁De formed ▁Trans formed ▁( 1 8 2 4 ), ▁which ▁Mary ▁Sh elle y ▁trans cribed ▁between ▁ 1 8 2 2 ▁and ▁ 1 8 2 3 . ▁ ▁In ▁terms ▁of ▁form , ▁" Trans formation " ▁is ▁a ▁variation ▁on ▁the ▁Goth ic ▁fragment , ▁exempl ified ▁by ▁Anna ▁Let it ia ▁A iken ' s ▁" S ir ▁Ber tr and : ▁A ▁Fragment " ▁( 1 7 7 3 ). ▁Although ▁it ▁is ▁often ▁categor ized ▁as ▁a ▁short ▁story , ▁that ▁form ▁was ▁not ▁named ▁until ▁the ▁ 1