▁in ▁ 1 8 4 7 ▁and ▁re collect ed ▁witness ▁accounts ▁about ▁the ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁er u ption ▁of ▁Tamb ora . ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 5 , ▁he ▁published ▁estimates ▁of ▁directly ▁killed ▁people ▁at ▁ 1 0 , 1 0 0 , ▁mostly ▁from ▁py ro cl astic ▁flows . ▁A ▁further ▁ 3 7 , 8 2 5 ▁were ▁number ed ▁having ▁died ▁from ▁star v ation ▁on ▁S umb awa ▁island . ▁On ▁Lomb ok , ▁another ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁died ▁from ▁disease ▁and ▁hung er . ▁Pet ro es chev sky ▁( 1 9 4 9 ) ▁estimated ▁that ▁about ▁ 4 8 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁ 4 4 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁were ▁killed ▁on ▁S umb awa ▁and ▁Lomb ok , ▁respectively . ▁Several ▁authors ▁have ▁used ▁Pet ro es chev sky ' s ▁figures , ▁such ▁as ▁St oth ers ▁( 1 9 8 4 ), ▁who ▁estimated ▁ 8 8 , 0 0 0 ▁death s ▁in ▁total . ▁However , ▁T angu y ▁et ▁al . ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁considered ▁Pet ro es chev sky ' s ▁figures ▁based ▁on ▁un trace able ▁sources , ▁so ▁developed ▁an ▁estimate ▁based ▁sole ly ▁on ▁two ▁primary ▁sources : ▁Z ol ling er , ▁who ▁spent ▁several ▁months ▁on ▁S umb awa ▁after ▁the ▁er u ption , ▁and ▁the ▁notes ▁of ▁Sir ▁St am ford ▁R aff les ,