▁to ▁pay ▁a ▁small ▁fine . ▁The ▁money ▁collected ▁through ▁these ▁fin es ▁is ▁typically ▁used ▁to ▁buy ▁be er ▁at ▁the ▁next ▁club ▁meeting . ▁Sto pper ▁clubs ▁have ▁been ▁around ▁at ▁least ▁since ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁tw enti eth ▁century ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁state ▁of ▁Bav aria . ▁Occ asion ally ▁they ▁support ▁char itable ▁projects . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 ▁sto pper ▁clubs ▁in ▁Bav aria . ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁and ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Cl ubs ▁and ▁soci eties ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : Culture ▁of ▁Bav aria <0x0A> </s> ▁Ber nd ▁The odor ▁Matth ias ▁( J une ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁– ▁October ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 0 ) ▁was ▁a ▁German - born ▁American ▁phys ic ist ▁cred ited ▁with ▁discover ies ▁of ▁hundreds ▁of ▁elements ▁and ▁allo ys ▁with ▁super con duct ing ▁properties . ▁He ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁discovered ▁more ▁elements ▁and ▁comp ounds ▁with ▁super con duct ing ▁properties ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁scient ist . ▁ ▁Education ▁and ▁career ▁Matth ias ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Frankfurt , ▁Germany ▁on ▁June ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁Ph D ▁in ▁physics ▁from ▁the ▁Federal ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁in ▁Zur ich ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁He ▁imm igr ated ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁and ▁went ▁to ▁work ▁for ▁Bell ▁Labor ator ies . ▁ ▁He ▁taught ▁at