▁with ▁the ▁cardinal ▁or ▁the ological ▁virt ues . ▁Card inal ▁virt ues ▁are ▁acquired ▁through ▁reason ▁applied ▁to ▁nature ; ▁they ▁are : ▁ ▁Pr ud ence ▁ ▁Justice ▁ ▁Tem per ance ▁ ▁Fort itude ▁ ▁The ▁the ological ▁virt ues ▁are : ▁▁ ▁Fa ith ▁ ▁Hope ▁ ▁Char ity ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Aqu inas , ▁to ▁lack ▁any ▁of ▁these ▁virt ues ▁is ▁to ▁lack ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁moral ▁choice . ▁For ▁example , ▁consider ▁a ▁person ▁who ▁poss esses ▁the ▁virt ues ▁of ▁justice , ▁pr ud ence , ▁and ▁fort itude , ▁yet ▁la cks ▁temper ance . ▁Due ▁to ▁their ▁lack ▁of ▁self - control ▁and ▁desire ▁for ▁pleasure , ▁despite ▁their ▁good ▁intent ions , ▁they ▁will ▁find ▁them self ▁s way ing ▁from ▁the ▁moral ▁path . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century , ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Sal aman ca ▁( Fran cis co ▁Su á rez , ▁Francisco ▁de ▁V itor ia , ▁etc .) ▁further ▁developed ▁a ▁philosophy ▁of ▁natural ▁law . ▁ ▁Islam ic ▁natural ▁law ▁ ▁Ab ū ▁Ray h ā n ▁al - B ī r ū n ī , ▁an ▁Islam ic ▁scholar ▁and ▁poly math ▁scient ist , ▁understood ▁natural ▁law ▁as ▁the ▁surv ival ▁of ▁the ▁f ittest . ▁He ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁ant agon ism ▁between ▁human ▁be ings ▁can ▁only ▁be ▁overcome ▁through ▁a ▁divine ▁law , ▁which ▁he ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁sent ▁through ▁proph ets . ▁This ▁is