1 – 1 2 5 9 ) ▁expansion ▁south ▁as ▁far ▁south ▁as ▁the ▁Adam awa ▁Pl ate au . ▁At ▁this ▁point , ▁Kan em ▁and ▁its ▁successor ▁Born u ▁were ▁active ▁participants ▁in ▁trans - S ah aran ▁trade . ▁S la ves ▁in ▁particular ▁were ▁frequently ▁trad ed ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁horses ▁and ▁salt . ▁The ▁Kan em - B orn u ▁Empire ▁last ed ▁until ▁ 1 8 9 3 , ▁when ▁the ▁Sud an ese ▁war l ord ▁Rab ih ▁az - Z ub ay r ▁over th rew ▁it . ▁ ▁Other ▁groups ▁in ▁the ▁territory ▁also ▁formed ▁kingdom s , ▁such ▁as ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁Kot oko . ▁They ▁were ▁eventually ▁split , ▁as ▁the ▁northern ▁Kot oko ▁became ▁a ▁v ass al ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁Kan em ▁Empire , ▁while ▁the ▁southern ers ▁paid ▁t ribute ▁but ▁remained ▁mostly ▁independent ▁with ▁their ▁capital ▁at ▁Log one - B ir ni . ▁This ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁kingdom ▁would ▁eventually ▁be ▁Islam ic ised ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁The ▁Mand ar awa ▁settled ▁the ▁Mand ara ▁Mountains ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century . ▁They ▁co ales ced ▁into ▁state , ▁called ▁Mand ara . ▁Over ▁the ▁next ▁hundred ▁years , ▁they ▁fought ▁wars ▁of ▁expansion ▁against ▁their ▁neighb ours , ▁eventually ▁capt uring ▁D ulo , ▁which ▁would ▁become ▁their ▁capital . ▁Civil ▁war ▁er upt ed ▁after ▁this ▁con quest , ▁and ▁an ▁appeal ▁was ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁r uler ▁of ▁Born u ▁in