ired ▁with ▁the ▁Com merce ▁Cla use ▁to ▁provide ▁the ▁constitution al ▁basis ▁for ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁federal ▁laws . ▁For ▁instance , ▁various ▁re forms ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁De al ▁were ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁necessary ▁and ▁proper ▁en act ments ▁of ▁the ▁objective ▁of ▁reg ulating ▁inter state ▁commerce . ▁ ▁Indeed , ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁the ▁N ec ess ary ▁and ▁Pro per ▁Cla use ▁and ▁its ▁bro ader ▁interpretation ▁under ▁McC ul lo ch ▁v . ▁Maryland ▁( 1 8 1 9 ) ▁in ▁American ▁juris pr ud ence ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁cases ▁generally ▁to ▁be ▁thought ▁to ▁involve ▁simply ▁the ▁Com merce ▁Cla use . ▁ ▁In ▁W ick ard ▁v . ▁Fil burn ▁( 1 9 4 2 ), ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁u ph eld ▁a ▁federal ▁stat ute ▁making ▁it ▁a ▁crime ▁for ▁a ▁far mer ▁to ▁produce ▁more ▁whe at ▁than ▁was ▁allowed ▁under ▁price ▁and ▁production ▁controls , ▁even ▁if ▁the ▁excess ▁production ▁was ▁for ▁the ▁far mer ' s ▁own ▁personal ▁consumption . ▁The ▁N ec ess ary ▁and ▁Pro per ▁Cla use ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁justify ▁the ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁production ▁and ▁consumption . ▁ ▁Also , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁both ▁cla uses ▁being ▁used ▁to ▁u ph old ▁federal ▁laws ▁that ▁affect ▁economic ▁activity , ▁they ▁also ▁were ▁used ▁to ▁justify ▁federal ▁criminal ▁laws ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁Congress ▁in ▁the ▁Federal ▁Kid n apping ▁Act ▁( 1 9 3 2 ) ▁made ▁it ▁a ▁federal