, ▁facil itated ▁foreign ▁direct ▁invest ment , ▁and ▁cultiv ated ▁trad ing ▁partners hips ▁both ▁region ally ▁and ▁intern ation ally . ▁National ▁G DP ▁grew ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁rate ▁of ▁ 7   percent ▁per ▁year ▁under ▁his ▁administration . ▁In ▁the ▁later ▁half ▁of ▁his ▁second ▁term , ▁R aval oman ana ▁was ▁critic ised ▁by ▁domestic ▁and ▁international ▁obser vers ▁who ▁accused ▁him ▁of ▁increasing ▁author itar ian ism ▁and ▁cor ruption . ▁ ▁O pp osition ▁leader ▁and ▁then - may or ▁of ▁Ant an an ar ivo , ▁And ry ▁R ajo el ina , ▁led ▁a ▁movement ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁in ▁which ▁R aval oman ana ▁was ▁pushed ▁from ▁power ▁in ▁an ▁un const itution al ▁process ▁widely ▁condem ned ▁as ▁a ▁coup ▁d ' état . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁R ajo el ina ▁was ▁declared ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁as ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁High ▁Trans itional ▁Author ity , ▁an ▁inter im ▁gover ning ▁body ▁responsible ▁for ▁moving ▁the ▁country ▁toward ▁president ial ▁elections . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁a ▁new ▁constitution ▁was ▁adopted ▁by ▁refer endum , ▁establish ing ▁a ▁Four th ▁Republic , ▁which ▁sust ained ▁the ▁dem ocr atic , ▁multi - party ▁structure ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁previous ▁constitution . ▁H ery ▁R aja on ar im amp ian ina ▁was ▁declared ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁president ial ▁election , ▁which ▁the ▁international ▁community