us co ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 7 ▁and ▁a ▁permanent ▁promotion ▁to ▁major ▁in ▁the ▁regular ▁army ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 8 . ▁However , ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 8 4 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁k icked ▁out ▁from ▁the ▁Army , ▁to ▁be ▁restored ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 8 4 9 . ▁He ▁eventually ▁reached ▁the ▁permanent ▁rank ▁of ▁lieutenant ▁colon el ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 6 . ▁ ▁American ▁Civil ▁War ▁Just ▁before ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁Civil ▁War , ▁C ritt enden ▁accepted ▁a ▁commission ▁as ▁colon el , ▁in ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁States ▁Army ▁inf antry ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁although ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁res ign ▁his ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁commission ▁until ▁June ▁ 1 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁brig ad ier ▁general ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁and ▁served ▁briefly ▁as ▁a ▁brig ade ▁commander ▁in ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Pot om ac ▁in ▁Virginia . ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁major ▁general ▁on ▁November ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁and ▁commanded ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁East ▁Tennessee . ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁he ▁and ▁Confeder ate ▁Brig . ▁Gen . ▁Felix ▁Z ol lic of fer ▁were ▁defeated ▁by ▁Union ▁Brig ad ier ▁General ▁George ▁H . ▁Thomas ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Mill ▁Spr ings , ▁the ▁first ▁important