▁These ▁marked ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁modern ization ▁and ▁had ▁immediate ▁effects ▁such ▁as ▁introdu cing ▁European - style ▁cl othing , ▁architecture , ▁legisl ation , ▁institution al ▁organization ▁and ▁land ▁reform . ▁ ▁Russia , ▁ 1 8 2 8 – 1 8 2 9 ▁ ▁The ▁Rus so - T urk ish ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 8 – 1 8 2 9 ▁did ▁not ▁give ▁him ▁time ▁to ▁organ ize ▁a ▁new ▁army , ▁and ▁the ▁Sultan ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁use ▁these ▁young ▁and ▁und is cipl ined ▁rec ruits ▁in ▁the ▁fight ▁against ▁the ▁veter ans ▁of ▁the ▁Ts ar . ▁The ▁war ▁was ▁brought ▁to ▁a ▁close ▁by ▁the ▁dis astr ous ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Ad rian ople . ▁While ▁the ▁re forms ▁in ▁question ▁were ▁mainly ▁implemented ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁military , ▁the ▁most ▁notable ▁development ▁that ▁arose ▁out ▁of ▁these ▁efforts ▁was ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁schools ▁teaching ▁everything ▁from ▁math ▁to ▁medicine ▁to ▁train ▁new ▁officers . ▁ ▁Egypt , ▁ 1 8 3 0 s ▁▁ ▁Later ▁in ▁his ▁reign , ▁Mah m ud ▁became ▁involved ▁in ▁disput es ▁with ▁the ▁W ā li ▁of ▁Egypt ▁and ▁Sud an , ▁Muhammad ▁Ali , ▁who ▁was ▁techn ically ▁Mah m ud ' s ▁v ass al . ▁The ▁Sultan ▁had ▁asked ▁for ▁Muhammad ▁Ali ' s ▁help ▁in ▁suppress ing ▁a ▁re bell ion ▁in ▁Greece , ▁but ▁had ▁not ▁paid ▁the ▁promised ▁price ▁for ▁his ▁services . ▁In ▁ 1 8 3 1