al ▁interest ▁in ▁" pres erving ▁and ▁prom oting ▁the ▁w elf are ▁of ▁the ▁child " ▁when ▁it ▁held ▁in ▁Ren o ▁v . ▁Fl ores ▁that ▁children ▁with ▁no ▁available ▁guard ians ▁may ▁be ▁held ▁in ▁cust ody ▁pending ▁deport ation ▁hear ings . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁parents ▁to ▁choose ▁how ▁to ▁raise ▁their ▁child , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁constitution al ▁interests ▁at ▁issue ▁in ▁Santos ky , ▁was ▁aff ir med ▁in ▁Tro x el ▁v . ▁Gran ville ▁when ▁the ▁Court ▁struck ▁down ▁a ▁Washington ▁law ▁that ▁allowed ▁for ▁third ▁parties ▁to ▁pet ition ▁for ▁visit ation ▁rights ▁over ▁parent al ▁ob jections . ▁In ▁his ▁diss ent , ▁Justice ▁John ▁Paul ▁Stevens ▁re but ted ▁the ▁assumption ▁of ▁Santos ky ▁that ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁parent ▁and ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁child ▁do ▁not ▁diver ge , ▁arg uing ▁that ▁" the ▁Due ▁Process ▁Cla use ▁of ▁the ▁Four teenth ▁Am end ment ▁leaves ▁room ▁for ▁States ▁to ▁consider ▁the ▁impact ▁on ▁a ▁child ▁of ▁possibly ▁arbitrary ▁parent al ▁dec isions ▁that ▁neither ▁serve ▁nor ▁are ▁motiv ated ▁by ▁the ▁best ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁child ." ▁ ▁Imp act ▁The ▁Court ▁made ▁clear ▁that ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁children ▁should ▁be ▁assumed ▁to ▁be ▁covered ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁parent , ▁not ▁treated ▁as ▁separate , ▁but ▁this ▁doctrine ▁has ▁been ▁less ▁clear ▁in ▁practice ▁as ▁term ination ▁proceed ings ▁still ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁fit ness ▁of ▁the ▁parent