ran es ▁are ▁largely ▁non m ig rat ory ▁and ▁few ▁populations ▁make ▁relative ▁short - distance ▁migr ations . ▁In ▁South ▁Asia , ▁four ▁distinct ▁population - level ▁behav i ours ▁have ▁been ▁noted . ▁The ▁first ▁is ▁the ▁" w inter ing ▁population " ▁of ▁a ▁small ▁number ▁of ▁sar us ▁c ran es ▁that ▁use ▁wet lands ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁P un j ab ▁during ▁winter s . ▁The ▁source ▁of ▁this ▁population ▁is ▁unclear , ▁but ▁is ▁very ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁from ▁the ▁growing ▁population ▁in ▁Him ach al ▁Pr adesh . ▁The ▁second ▁is ▁the ▁" expand ing ▁population " ▁consisting ▁of ▁c ran es ▁appearing ▁in ▁new ▁areas ▁following ▁new ▁ir rig ation ▁structures ▁in ▁semi - ar id ▁and ▁ar id ▁areas ▁primarily ▁in ▁Gu jar at ▁and ▁Raj as than . ▁The ▁third ▁is ▁the ▁" season ally ▁mig rat ory " ▁population , ▁also ▁primarily ▁in ▁the ▁ar id ▁zone ▁of ▁Gu jar at ▁and ▁Raj as than . ▁C ran es ▁from ▁this ▁population ▁aggreg ates ▁in ▁remaining ▁wet lands ▁and ▁res er voir s ▁during ▁the ▁dry ▁summer , ▁and ▁bre eding ▁pairs ▁set ▁up ▁territ ories ▁during ▁the ▁ra iny ▁season ▁( J uly ▁– ▁October ) ▁remaining ▁on ▁territ ories ▁throughout ▁the ▁winter ▁( Nov ember ▁– ▁March ). ▁The ▁fourth ▁population ▁is ▁" per enn ial ly ▁resident " ▁and ▁found ▁in ▁areas ▁such ▁as ▁south western ▁U tt ar ▁Pr adesh , ▁where ▁artificial ▁and ▁natural ▁water