▁to ▁address ▁the ▁proposed ▁tres pass ▁instruction ▁since ▁she ▁believed ▁St iet z ▁might ▁well ▁prev ail ▁on ▁ret rial ▁with ▁just ▁the ▁self - def ense ▁instruction . ▁But ▁the ▁state ▁had ▁raised ▁the ▁open - fields ▁doctrine ▁in ▁its ▁brief s ▁on ▁the ▁case , ▁which ▁led ▁Justice ▁Reb e cca ▁Gr ass l ▁Brad ley ▁to ▁write ▁a ▁conc urrence , ▁joined ▁in ▁its ▁entire ty ▁by ▁Justice ▁Daniel ▁Kelly ▁and ▁partially ▁by ▁Chief ▁Justice ▁P atience ▁D . ▁Rog gens ack , ▁which ▁argued ▁that ▁St iet z ▁had ▁a ▁constitution al ▁right ▁to ▁raise ▁the ▁tres pass ▁issue ▁and ▁that ▁not ▁allowing ▁him ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁viol ated ▁that ▁right . ▁She ▁also ▁was ▁sharp ly ▁critical ▁of ▁the ▁open - fields ▁doctrine ▁as ▁used ▁to ▁justify ▁the ▁evidence ▁behind ▁the ▁arrest . ▁ ▁In ▁her ▁arguments ▁that ▁the ▁tres pass ▁instruction ▁should ▁have ▁been ▁permitted , ▁Brad ley ▁had ▁noted ▁that ▁at ▁or al ▁argument ▁the ▁state ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁c ite ▁any ▁stat ut ory ▁authority ▁for ▁the ▁w ard ens ' ▁presence ▁on ▁St iet z ' s ▁property , ▁nor ▁evidence ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁St iet z ' s ▁permission . ▁She ▁did ▁not ▁believe ▁the ▁park ed ▁car ▁constit uted ▁reasonable ▁susp icion ▁of ▁illegal ▁hunting ▁that ▁would ▁have ▁allowed ▁them ▁to ▁enter ▁the ▁property , ▁either . ▁And ▁he ▁had ▁put ▁up ▁clear ▁signals — the ▁posting , ▁g ating ▁and ▁f encing ▁of ▁the ▁property — that ▁no ▁one ▁was ▁to