man ▁this ▁legisl ation , ▁the ▁out law ing ▁of ▁id len ess ▁and ▁the ▁poor h ouses ▁they ▁instit uted ▁phys ically ▁forced ▁people ▁from ▁ser f dom ▁into ▁w age - l abor . ▁ ▁For ▁him , ▁this ▁general ▁fact ▁was ▁not ▁related ▁to ▁Protest ant ism ▁and ▁so ▁capital ism ▁came ▁largely ▁by ▁force ▁and ▁not ▁by ▁any ▁voc ational ▁training ▁regarding ▁an ▁inner - world lin ess ▁of ▁Protest ant ism . ▁However , ▁it ▁is ▁possible ▁that ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁" work ▁eth ic " ▁rein for ced ▁or ▁legit im ized ▁these ▁legal ▁measures ▁within ▁a ▁larger ▁cultural ▁context . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁paper ▁published ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Harvard ▁econom ist ▁Dav ide ▁Cant oni ▁tested ▁We ber ' s ▁Protest ant ▁hypothesis ▁using ▁population ▁and ▁economic ▁growth ▁in ▁second - mill en ni um ▁Germany ▁as ▁the ▁data ▁set , ▁with ▁negative ▁results . ▁Cant oni ▁writes : ▁ ▁However , ▁Cant oni ▁uses ▁city ▁size , ▁and ▁not ▁relative ▁real ▁w age ▁growth , ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁We ber ▁th esis , ▁as ▁his ▁" main ▁dependent ▁variable " ▁( C ant oni , ▁ 2 ). ▁ ▁Other ▁recent ▁scholar ship ▁continues ▁to ▁find ▁valid ▁Protest ant ▁Eth ic ▁effects ▁both ▁in ▁historical ▁and ▁contemporary ▁development ▁patterns . ▁ ▁D ud ley ▁and ▁Bl um ▁write : ▁ ▁Re vision ist ▁criticism ▁H . ▁M . ▁Robert son , ▁in ▁his ▁book ▁As pect s