▁of ▁public ▁ont ologies ▁are ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁life ▁sciences . ▁Life ▁science ▁data ▁science ▁tools ▁that ▁fail ▁to ▁implement ▁these ▁types ▁of ▁bi omed ical ▁ont ologies ▁will ▁not ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁accur ately ▁determine ▁caus al ▁relationships ▁between ▁concepts . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Commons ense ▁knowledge ▁bases ▁ ▁Con cept ▁map ▁ ▁Control led ▁voc ab ul ary ▁ ▁Fol k son omy ▁ ▁F ormal ▁concept ▁analysis ▁ ▁F ormal ▁ont ology ▁ ▁L attice ▁ ▁Ont ology ▁ ▁Ont ology ▁alignment ▁ ▁Ont ology ▁chart ▁ ▁Open ▁Sem antic ▁Framework ▁ ▁So ft ▁ont ology ▁ ▁Term in ology ▁extra ction ▁ ▁We ak ▁ont ology ▁ ▁Web ▁Ont ology ▁Language ▁ ▁Rel ated ▁philosoph ical ▁concepts ▁ ▁Al phabet ▁of ▁human ▁thought ▁ ▁Character istica ▁univers alis ▁ ▁Inter oper ability ▁ ▁Metal anguage ▁ ▁Natural ▁semantic ▁metal anguage ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ober le , ▁D ., ▁Gu ar ino , ▁N ., ▁& ▁Sta ab , ▁S . ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁What ▁is ▁an ▁ont ology ?. ▁In : ▁" Hand book ▁on ▁Ont ologies ". ▁Springer , ▁ 2 nd ▁edition , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁F ens el , ▁D ., ▁van ▁Harm elen , ▁F ., ▁Hor ro cks , ▁I ., ▁Mc Gu in ness , ▁D . ▁L ., ▁& ▁Pat el - Sch ne ider , ▁P . ▁F . ▁( 2 0 0 1 ). ▁" O IL : ▁an