, ▁whose ▁be ak ▁was ▁sever ely ▁m util ated ▁from ▁a ▁shot ▁in ▁the ▁face . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁commer cially ▁available ▁tit an ium ▁kne e ▁impl ants ▁made ▁with ▁ 3 D ▁printer ▁for ▁dogs ▁have ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁restore ▁the ▁animals ' ▁mob ility . ▁Over ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁dogs ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁have ▁been ▁treated ▁after ▁only ▁one ▁year . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁F DA ▁approved ▁the ▁market ing ▁of ▁a ▁surg ical ▁b olt ▁which ▁facil it ates ▁less - in vas ive ▁foot ▁surg ery ▁and ▁elimin ates ▁the ▁need ▁to ▁dr ill ▁through ▁b one . ▁The ▁ 3 D ▁printed ▁tit an ium ▁device , ▁' F ast For ward ▁B one ▁T ether ▁Pl ate ' ▁is ▁approved ▁to ▁use ▁in ▁correction ▁surg ery ▁to ▁treat ▁b union . ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁group ▁of ▁Professor ▁Andreas ▁Her rm ann ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁G ron ingen ▁has ▁developed ▁the ▁first ▁ 3 D ▁print able ▁res ins ▁with ▁ant im icro b ial ▁properties . ▁Emp loy ing ▁s tere ol ith ography , ▁qu atern ary ▁am mon ium ▁groups ▁are ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁dent al ▁app li ances ▁that ▁kill ▁b acter ia ▁on ▁contact . ▁This ▁type ▁of ▁material ▁can ▁be ▁further ▁applied ▁in ▁medical ▁devices ▁and ▁impl ants . ▁ ▁On ▁June ▁ 6 , ▁