, ▁a ▁goal ▁of ▁maxim izing ▁benefit ▁may ▁be ▁over ru led ▁by ▁a ▁goal ▁of ▁equal izing ▁benefit . ▁The ▁dis adv ant aged ▁player ▁may ▁defect ▁a ▁certain ▁proportion ▁of ▁the ▁time ▁without ▁it ▁being ▁in ▁the ▁interest ▁of ▁the ▁adv ant aged ▁player ▁to ▁defect . ▁In ▁more ▁natural ▁circumstances , ▁there ▁may ▁be ▁better ▁solutions ▁to ▁the ▁b arg aining ▁problem . ▁ ▁Rel ated ▁games ▁include ▁the ▁Snow d rift ▁game , ▁St ag ▁h unt , ▁the ▁Un sc rup ul ous ▁din er ' s ▁d ile m ma , ▁and ▁the ▁Cent ip ede ▁game . ▁ ▁Public ▁goods ▁ ▁A ▁public ▁goods ▁d ile m ma ▁is ▁a ▁situation ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁whole ▁group ▁can ▁benefit ▁if ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁members ▁give ▁something ▁for ▁the ▁common ▁good ▁but ▁individuals ▁benefit ▁from ▁“ free ▁r iding ” ▁if ▁enough ▁others ▁contribute . ▁Public ▁goods ▁are ▁defined ▁by ▁two ▁characteristics : ▁non - ex clud ability ▁and ▁non - rival ry — mean ing ▁that ▁anyone ▁can ▁benefit ▁from ▁them ▁and ▁one ▁person ' s ▁use ▁of ▁them ▁does ▁not ▁h inder ▁another ▁person ' s ▁use ▁of ▁them . ▁An ▁example ▁is ▁public ▁broadcast ing ▁that ▁re lies ▁on ▁contributions ▁from ▁view ers . ▁Since ▁no ▁single ▁vie wer ▁is ▁essential ▁for ▁providing ▁the ▁service , ▁view ers ▁can ▁re ap ▁the ▁benefits ▁of ▁the ▁service ▁without ▁pay ing ▁anything ▁for ▁it . ▁If ▁not ▁enough ▁people ▁contribute , ▁the ▁service ▁cannot ▁be ▁provided .