▁and ▁these ▁events ▁have ▁histor ically ▁advanced ▁the ▁re product ive ▁justice ▁movement . ▁The ▁International ▁Conference ▁on ▁Population ▁and ▁Development ▁is ▁the ▁primary ▁example . ▁ ▁Con ferences ▁in ▁C airo ▁and ▁Be ij ing ▁ ▁The ▁United ▁Nations ▁International ▁Conference ▁on ▁Population ▁and ▁Development ▁( IC PD ) ▁that ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁C airo , ▁Egypt ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁marked ▁a ▁" par ad ig m ▁shift " ▁to ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁policies ▁on ▁population ▁that ▁placed ▁a ▁high ▁priority ▁on ▁the ▁sexual ▁and ▁re product ive ▁rights ▁of ▁women . ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁I CP D , ▁international ▁efforts ▁to ▁gauge ▁population ▁growth ▁and ▁to ▁produce ▁approaches ▁that ▁addressed ▁its ▁challeng es ▁focused ▁on ▁" str ict ▁and ▁co er ci ve " ▁policy ▁that ▁included ▁comp uls ory ▁birth ▁control ▁and ▁prefer ential ▁access ▁to ▁health ▁services ▁by ▁people ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁ster il ized . ▁The ▁Program me ▁of ▁Action ▁produced ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁C airo ▁conference ▁has ▁been ▁" her ald ed ▁a ▁departure ▁from ▁co er ci ve ▁fert ility ▁strateg ies " ▁by ▁ins isting ▁on ▁the ▁" fund amental ▁rights ▁of ▁re product ive ▁self ▁determ ination ▁and ▁re product ive ▁health ▁care " ▁and ▁provided ▁the ▁ide ological ▁insp iration ▁for ▁grass ro ots ▁organizations ▁such ▁as ▁Sister S ong ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁launch ▁a ▁movement ▁for ▁re product ive ▁justice . ▁ ▁The ▁United ▁Nations ▁Four th ▁World ▁Conference ▁on ▁Women ▁in ▁Be