. ▁They ▁are ▁not ▁closely ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁American ▁ground ▁do ves ▁( gen us ▁Columb ina ). ▁ ▁System at ics ▁and ▁ext in ctions ▁This ▁genus ▁was ▁previously ▁named ▁Alo pe co enas ▁Sh ar pe , ▁ 1 8 9 9 , ▁but ▁P amp us ana ▁Bon ap arte , ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁has ▁priority . ▁P amp us ana ▁might ▁be ▁ranked ▁as ▁a ▁( very ▁small ) ▁sub family , ▁but ▁the ▁available ▁data ▁suggests ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁better ▁considered ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁quite ▁bas al ▁radiation ▁of ▁Columb idae ▁which ▁consists ▁of ▁many ▁small ▁and ▁often ▁b izar re ▁line ages ; ▁for ▁example , ▁G ou ra ▁and ▁Ot idi ph aps ▁which ▁are ▁e colog ically ▁conver gent ▁to ▁Gall iformes , ▁and ▁maybe ▁even ▁the ▁famous ▁did ines ▁( R aph inae ). ▁Currently ▁about ▁ 1 0 ▁species ▁of ▁Alo pe co enas ▁are ▁ext ant . ▁Of ▁the ▁larger ▁gener a ▁of ▁Columb idae , ▁Alo pe co enas ▁is ▁the ▁one ▁most ▁affected ▁by ▁ext inction : ▁ 3 – 4 ▁species ▁have ▁disappeared ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁and ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁remaining ▁are ▁decre asing ▁in ▁numbers , ▁threatened ▁with ▁ext inction ▁or ▁have ▁lost ▁sub species ▁due ▁to ▁habitat ▁destruction , ▁invas ive ▁species , ▁or ▁over h un ting . ▁In ▁addition , ▁there ▁are ▁several ▁species ▁never ▁studied ▁alive ▁but ▁known ▁from ▁sub f oss il ▁b ones . ▁These