3 , 0 0 0 ▁vict ims . ▁ ▁Vict ims ▁of ▁other ▁mass ac res ▁at ▁the ▁site ▁included ▁Soviet ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war , ▁commun ists , ▁Ukrain ian ▁national ists ▁and ▁Roma . ▁It ▁is ▁estimated ▁that ▁between ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁were ▁killed ▁at ▁Bab i ▁Y ar ▁during ▁the ▁German ▁occupation . ▁ ▁Historical ▁background ▁The ▁Bab i ▁Y ar ▁( B ab yn ▁Y ar ) ▁rav ine ▁was ▁first ▁mentioned ▁in ▁historical ▁accounts ▁in ▁ 1 4 0 1 , ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁its ▁sale ▁by ▁" b aba " ▁( an ▁old ▁woman ) ▁who ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁cant ini ere , ▁to ▁the ▁Domin ican ▁Mon aster y . ▁The ▁word ▁" yar " ▁is ▁Turk ic ▁in ▁origin ▁and ▁means ▁" g ul ly " ▁or ▁" rav ine ". ▁In ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁several ▁centuries ▁the ▁site ▁had ▁been ▁used ▁for ▁various ▁purposes ▁including ▁military ▁cam ps ▁and ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁c em eter ies , ▁among ▁them ▁an ▁Orth odox ▁Christian ▁c emetery ▁and ▁a ▁Jewish ▁c emetery . ▁The ▁latter ▁was ▁officially ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁ ▁Mass ac res ▁of ▁ 2 9 – 3 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁ ▁A xis ▁forces , ▁mainly ▁German , ▁occupied ▁Ky iv ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 ▁and ▁ 2 8