▁Soviet ▁period ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁B ols he vik ▁leader ▁Vladimir ▁Len in ▁issued ▁an ▁appeal ▁to ▁the ▁Kal my k ▁people , ▁calling ▁for ▁them ▁to ▁revol t ▁and ▁to ▁aid ▁the ▁Red ▁Army . ▁ ▁Len in ▁promised ▁to ▁provide ▁the ▁Kal my ks , ▁among ▁other ▁things , ▁a ▁sufficient ▁quantity ▁of ▁land ▁for ▁their ▁own ▁use . ▁The ▁promise ▁came ▁to ▁f ru ition ▁on ▁November ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁when ▁a ▁resolution ▁was ▁passed ▁by ▁the ▁All - Russ ian ▁Central ▁Executive ▁Committee ▁proc laim ing ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁Kal my k ▁Aut onom ous ▁O blast . ▁ ▁Fif teen ▁years ▁later , ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁the ▁O blast ▁was ▁elev ated ▁to ▁republic ▁status , ▁Kal my k ▁Aut onom ous ▁Soviet ▁Social ist ▁Republic . ▁ ▁In ▁line ▁with ▁the ▁policy ▁of ▁K oren iz at si ya ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁tit ular ▁nations , ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁adopted ▁a ▁strategy ▁of ▁national ▁del im itation , ▁while ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁enfor cing ▁the ▁Len in ist ▁principle ▁of ▁dem ocr atic ▁central ism . ▁According ▁to ▁Dor z ha ▁Ar b akov , ▁decent ral ized ▁gover ning ▁bodies ▁were ▁a ▁tool ▁the ▁B ols he vik s ▁used ▁to ▁control ▁the ▁Kal my k ▁people : ▁ ▁After ▁establish ing ▁control , ▁the ▁Soviet ▁authorities ▁did ▁not