▁ch lor ide ) ▁when ▁react ing ▁ ▁ph os g ene ▁with ▁trim eth yl am ine . ▁ ▁A ▁more ▁recent ▁process ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁ch lor od im eth yl am ine , ▁which ▁is ▁converted ▁pract ically ▁quant it atively ▁to ▁dim eth yl car b amo yl ▁ch lor ide ▁on ▁a ▁p all ad ium ▁catal yst ▁under ▁pressure ▁with ▁carbon ▁mon ox ide ▁at ▁room ▁temperature . ▁ ▁DM CC ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁formed ▁in ▁small ▁amounts ▁( up ▁to ▁ 2 0   pp m ) ▁from ▁dim eth yl form am ide ▁( DM F ) ▁in ▁the ▁V ils me ier – Ha ack ▁reaction ▁or ▁when ▁DM F ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁catal yst ▁in ▁the ▁reaction ▁of ▁car box y lic ▁ac ids ▁with ▁th ion yl ▁ch lor ide ▁to ▁the ▁corresponding ▁a cy l ▁ch lor ide . ▁ ▁The ▁t endency ▁towards ▁DM CC ▁formation ▁depends ▁on ▁the ▁ch lor ination ▁re agent ▁( th ion yl ▁ch lor ide ▁> ▁ox al yl ▁ch lor ide ▁> ▁ph osph orus ▁ox ych lor ide ) ▁and ▁is ▁higher ▁in ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁base . ▁However , ▁dic ar b amo yl ▁ch lor ide ▁hydro ly s es ▁very ▁quickly ▁to ▁dim eth yl am ine , ▁hydro ch lor ic ▁acid ▁and ▁carbon ▁dio x ide ▁( with ▁a ▁half - life ▁of ▁about ▁ 6 ▁minutes ▁at ▁ 0   ° C ) ▁so