MO ). ▁ ▁C CO ▁and ▁G ex KB , ▁Application ▁Ont ologies ▁( AP O ) ▁that ▁integrate ▁diverse ▁types ▁of ▁knowledge ▁with ▁the ▁Cell ▁Cy cle ▁Ont ology ▁( C CO ) ▁and ▁the ▁Gene ▁Expression ▁Know ledge ▁Base ▁( G ex KB ) ▁ ▁C Cont ology ▁( Customer ▁Comp la int ▁Ont ology ), ▁an ▁e - bus iness ▁ont ology ▁to ▁support ▁online ▁customer ▁compla int ▁management ▁ ▁C ID OC ▁Con cept ual ▁Reference ▁Model , ▁an ▁ont ology ▁for ▁cultural ▁her itage ▁ ▁C OS MO , ▁a ▁Foundation ▁Ont ology ▁( current ▁version ▁in ▁O W L ) ▁that ▁is ▁designed ▁to ▁contain ▁representations ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁primitive ▁concepts ▁needed ▁to ▁log ically ▁specify ▁the ▁mean ings ▁of ▁any ▁domain ▁entity . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁intended ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁basic ▁ont ology ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁translate ▁among ▁the ▁representations ▁in ▁other ▁ont ologies ▁or ▁databases . ▁ ▁It ▁started ▁as ▁a ▁mer ger ▁of ▁the ▁basic ▁elements ▁of ▁the ▁Open C yc ▁and ▁SUM O ▁ont ologies , ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁supp lement ed ▁with ▁other ▁ont ology ▁elements ▁( types , ▁relations ) ▁so ▁as ▁to ▁include ▁representations ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁words ▁in ▁the ▁Long man ▁dictionary ▁defining ▁voc ab ul ary . ▁ ▁Cy c , ▁a ▁large ▁Foundation ▁Ont ology ▁for ▁formal ▁representation ▁of ▁the ▁universe ▁of ▁disc ourse ▁ ▁D ise ase ▁Ont ology , ▁designed ▁to ▁facil itate ▁the ▁mapping ▁of ▁dise ases ▁and ▁associated