s ometimes ▁referred ▁as ▁Broadcast ▁ 3 . 0 ) ▁not ▁only ▁the ▁production ▁technology ▁and ▁workflow s ▁are ▁changing , ▁but ▁also ▁the ▁requirements ▁for ▁broadcast ▁engine ers , ▁which ▁now ▁include ▁IT ▁and ▁IP - network ing ▁know how . ▁ ▁Other ▁devices ▁used ▁in ▁broadcast ▁engineering ▁are ▁tele phone ▁hy br ids , ▁broadcast ▁del ays , ▁and ▁dead ▁air ▁al ar ms . ▁ ▁See ▁the ▁gl oss ary ▁of ▁broadcast ▁engineering ▁terms ▁for ▁further ▁explan ations . ▁ ▁Engineering ▁services ▁ ▁Broadcast ▁stations ▁often ▁call ▁upon ▁outside ▁engineering ▁services ▁for ▁certain ▁needs . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁because ▁struct ural ▁engineering ▁is ▁generally ▁not ▁a ▁direct ▁part ▁of ▁broadcast ▁engineering , ▁tower ▁companies ▁usually ▁design ▁broadcast ▁to wers . ▁ ▁Other ▁companies ▁special ize ▁in ▁both ▁broadcast ▁engineering ▁and ▁broadcast ▁law , ▁which ▁are ▁both ▁essential ▁when ▁making ▁an ▁application ▁to ▁a ▁national ▁broadcast ing ▁authority ▁for ▁a ▁construction ▁permit ▁or ▁broadcast ▁license . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁especially ▁critical ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁where ▁stations ▁bear ▁the ▁entire ▁bur den ▁of ▁prov ing ▁that ▁their ▁proposed ▁facilities ▁will ▁not ▁cause ▁inter ference ▁and ▁are ▁the ▁best ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁radio ▁spectrum . ▁ ▁Such ▁companies ▁now ▁have ▁special ▁software ▁that ▁can ▁map ▁project ed ▁radio ▁propag ation ▁and ▁terrain ▁shield ing , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁law y ers ▁that ▁will ▁defend ▁the ▁applications ▁before ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Federal ▁Communic ations ▁Commission ▁( F CC ), ▁Canadian ▁Radio - tele vision ▁and ▁Tele communic ations ▁Commission ▁(