ir am , ▁etc . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁rec ount ▁in ▁his ▁" G es amm elte ▁Sch riften ," ▁the ▁great ▁German - J ew ish ▁phil os opher ▁Mos es ▁M end els so hn ▁of ▁the ▁En light en ment ▁persu aded ▁the ▁Pr uss ian ▁government ▁to ▁moder ate ▁the ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁o ath ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century . ▁The ▁small ▁German ▁states ▁gradually ▁surrender ed ▁the ▁most ▁ob jection able ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁o ath : ▁H esse - K ass el ▁( or ▁H esse - C ass el ), ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 8 ; ▁Old enburg , ▁ 1 8 2 9 ; ▁Wür ttemberg , ▁ 1 8 3 2 ; ▁Sax ony , ▁ 1 8 3 9 ▁( on ▁which ▁occasion ▁Ze ch arias ▁Frank el ▁published ▁his ▁famous ▁" Die ▁E ides le ist ung "); ▁Sch aum burg - Li ppe ▁and ▁An halt - B ern burg , ▁ 1 8 4 2 ; ▁and ▁H esse - Hom burg , ▁ 1 8 6 5 . ▁▁ ▁Pr uss ia ▁retained ▁the ▁formula ▁until ▁ 1 5 ▁March ▁ 1 8 6 9 ; ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁modified ▁the ▁o ath ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 8 , ▁and ▁Russia ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 8 ▁and ▁ 1 8 6 0 . ▁The ▁Jewish ▁advoc ate ▁Isaac ▁Ad ol phe ▁Cr ém ieux ▁won ▁great ▁fame ▁by ▁effect ing ▁the ▁abol ition