▁by ▁Austria - H ung ary ▁were ▁Pol es . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 0 , ▁ 6 8 % ▁of ▁Pol es ▁in ▁this ▁region ▁were ▁pe as ants , ▁ 1 6 ▁percent ▁worked ▁in ▁industry , ▁ 8 . 5 ▁percent ▁worked ▁in ▁transport ▁or ▁trade , ▁and ▁ 7 . 5 ▁percent ▁had ▁administrative , ▁professional ▁or ▁service ▁jobs . ▁ ▁The ▁Aust ri ans ▁began ▁their ▁rule ▁by ▁implementing ▁policies ▁that ▁limited ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁Polish ▁nobles ▁and ▁magn ates ▁over ▁pe as ants ; ▁the ▁Polish ▁nobles ▁and ▁magn ates , ▁however , ▁then ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁local ▁b ureau c racy ▁and ▁succeeded ▁in ▁establish ing ▁control ▁over ▁most ▁municipal ▁govern ments , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁regional ▁assembly . ▁ ▁These ▁eth nic ▁Polish ▁authorities ▁promoted ▁Polish ▁colon ization ▁of ▁lands ▁in ▁eastern ▁Gal icia ; ▁by ▁ 1 8 9 0 , ▁one ▁third ▁of ▁the ▁Pol es ▁living ▁in ▁eastern ▁Gal icia ▁had ▁moved ▁there ▁from ▁western ▁areas . ▁ ▁Appro xim ately ▁ 3 5 , 0 0 0 ▁Pol es ▁moved ▁into ▁these ▁territ ories ▁between ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁alone . ▁Between ▁ 1 8 5 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁the ▁Polish - control led ▁local ▁administration ▁provided ▁ 2 3 7 , 0 0 0 ▁hect ares ▁of ▁land ▁to ▁Pol es ▁moving ▁to ▁eastern ▁Gal icia ▁from ▁western ▁Gal icia , ▁and ▁only ▁ 3