▁bearing ▁the ▁keys ▁to ▁the ▁holy ▁cities ▁and ▁other ▁g ifts . ▁The ▁Sultan ▁confirmed ▁Bar ak at ▁and ▁Ab u ▁Num ay y ▁in ▁their ▁positions ▁as ▁co - r ul ers ▁of ▁the ▁He j az . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁and ▁the ▁Arab ▁Revol t ▁▁ ▁Before ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁Hus sein ▁bin ▁Ali ▁of ▁the ▁Hash em ite ▁D h aw u - ' A wn ▁cl an ▁ruled ▁the ▁He j az ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁s ultan . ▁For ▁some ▁time ▁it ▁had ▁been ▁the ▁practice ▁of ▁the ▁Sub lime ▁Por te ▁to ▁appoint ▁the ▁Em ir ▁of ▁Me cca ▁from ▁among ▁a ▁select ▁group ▁of ▁candidates . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁Hus sein ▁bin ▁Ali ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁Sh ar if ate ▁of ▁Me cca . ▁He ▁found ▁himself ▁increasing ly ▁at ▁odd s ▁with ▁the ▁Young ▁Tur ks ▁in ▁control ▁at ▁Ist an bul , ▁while ▁he ▁stro ve ▁to ▁secure ▁his ▁family ' s ▁position ▁as ▁her edit ary ▁em irs . ▁Hus sein ▁bin ▁Ali ' s ▁line age ▁and ▁dest ined ▁position ▁as ▁the ▁Sh ar if ▁of ▁Me cca ▁helped ▁fost er ▁the ▁amb ition ▁for ▁an ▁independent ▁Arab ▁kingdom ▁and ▁cal i ph ate . ▁These ▁pret ensions ▁came ▁to ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁r ul ers ' ▁attention ▁and ▁caused ▁them ▁to ▁" inv ite " ▁Hus sein ▁to ▁Constantin ople ▁as ▁the ▁guest ▁of ▁the ▁s ultan ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁keep