▁the ▁schools ▁established ▁during ▁the ▁T anz imat ▁period ▁included ▁Must af a ▁K em al ▁At at ür k ▁and ▁other ▁progress ive ▁leaders ▁and ▁think ers ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Turkey ▁and ▁of ▁many ▁other ▁former ▁Ott oman ▁states ▁in ▁the ▁B alk ans , ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁and ▁North ▁Africa . ▁These ▁re forms ▁included ▁guarante es ▁to ▁ensure ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁subjects ▁perfect ▁security ▁for ▁their ▁lives , ▁honour ▁and ▁property ; ▁ ▁Est ab lish ment ▁of ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Health care ▁( T ı bbi ye ▁Ne z are ti , ▁ 1 8 5 0 ); ▁the ▁Com merce ▁and ▁Trade ▁Code ▁( 1 8 5 0 ); ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁( Enc ü men - i ▁D ani ş , ▁ 1 8 5 1 ); ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁ Ş irk et - i ▁Hay ri ye ▁which ▁operated ▁the ▁first ▁steam - power ed ▁comm uter ▁fer ries ▁( 1 8 5 1 ); ▁the ▁first ▁European ▁style ▁courts ▁( M ec lis - i ▁Ah k am - ı ▁Ad li ye , ▁ 1 8 5 3 ) ▁and ▁supre me ▁jud ici ary ▁council ▁( M ec lis - i ▁Ali - yi ▁T anz imat , ▁ 1 8 5 3 ); ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁modern ▁Municip ality ▁of ▁Ist an bul ▁( Ş eh re man eti , ▁ 1 8 5 4 ) ▁and ▁the ▁City ▁Pl anning ▁Council ▁( İ nt iz am