▁plate , ▁thus ▁impro ving ▁heat ▁efficiency ▁even ▁more . ▁ ▁Orig ins ▁of ▁the ▁modern ▁kitchen ▁range ▁The ▁modern ▁kitchen ▁range ▁was ▁invent ed ▁by ▁Sir ▁Benjamin ▁Thompson , ▁Count ▁Rum ford ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 9 0 s . ▁As ▁an ▁active ▁scient ist ▁and ▁pro l ific ▁invent or , ▁he ▁put ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁heat ▁onto ▁a ▁scientific ▁basis ▁and ▁developed ▁improvements ▁for ▁chim ne ys , ▁fire p laces ▁and ▁industrial ▁furn aces , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁his ▁in vention ▁of ▁the ▁kitchen ▁range . ▁ ▁His ▁Rum ford ▁fire place ▁created ▁a ▁sens ation ▁in ▁London ▁when ▁he ▁introduced ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁restrict ing ▁the ▁chim ney ▁opening ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁upd ra ug ht . ▁This ▁was ▁a ▁much ▁more ▁efficient ▁way ▁to ▁heat ▁a ▁room ▁than ▁earlier ▁fire p laces . ▁He ▁and ▁his ▁workers ▁modified ▁fire p laces ▁by ▁inserting ▁br icks ▁into ▁the ▁hear th ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁side ▁walls ▁ang led , ▁and ▁added ▁a ▁cho ke ▁to ▁the ▁chim ney ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁speed ▁of ▁air ▁going ▁up ▁the ▁fl ue . ▁The ▁effect ▁was ▁to ▁produce ▁a ▁stream lined ▁air ▁flow , ▁so ▁all ▁the ▁smoke ▁would ▁go ▁up ▁into ▁the ▁chim ney ▁rather ▁than ▁ling ering ▁and ▁entering ▁the ▁room . ▁It ▁also ▁had ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁increasing ▁the ▁efficiency ▁of ▁the ▁fire , ▁and ▁gave ▁extra ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁comb ust ion ▁of ▁the ▁fuel , ▁whether ▁wood ▁or ▁coal . ▁Many ▁fashion able ▁London