▁verte br ate ▁anx iety . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Al tr u ism ▁in ▁animals ▁ ▁Animal ▁cogn ition ▁ ▁Animal ▁communication ▁ ▁Animal ▁conscious ness ▁ ▁Animal ▁faith ▁ ▁Animal ▁sexual ▁behaviour ▁§ ▁Sex ▁for ▁pleasure ▁ ▁Emp ath y ▁§ ▁In ▁animals ▁ ▁E volution ▁of ▁em otion ▁ ▁F ear ▁§ ▁In ▁animals ▁ ▁Mon key ▁painting ▁ ▁Ne uro eth ology ▁ ▁P ain ▁in ▁animals ▁ ▁R ew ard ▁system ▁§ ▁Anim als ▁vs . ▁humans ▁ ▁Self - aw aren ess ▁§ ▁In ▁animals ▁ ▁Thomas ▁Nag el ▁( sem inal ▁paper , ▁" What ▁is ▁it ▁like ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁bat ? ") ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁Holland , ▁J . ▁( 2 0 1 1 ). ▁Un likely ▁Friend ships : ▁ 5 0 ▁Rem ark able ▁St ories ▁from ▁the ▁Animal ▁Kingdom . ▁ ▁Sw ir ski , ▁P . ▁( 2 0 1 1 ). ▁" You ' ll ▁Never ▁Make ▁a ▁Mon key ▁Out ▁of ▁Me ▁or ▁Al tr u ism , ▁Pro verb ial ▁Wis dom , ▁and ▁Bernard ▁Mal am ud ' s ▁God ' s ▁Grace ." ▁American ▁U top ia ▁and ▁Social ▁Engineering ▁in ▁Liter ature , ▁Social ▁Th ought , ▁and ▁Political ▁History . ▁New ▁York , ▁Rout ledge . ▁▁ ▁Fore word ▁by ▁Jeff rey ▁M ous sa ie ff ▁Mass on . ▁First ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁in ▁German , ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁Das ▁Se elen leben ▁der ▁T