▁is ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁substantial ly ▁wrong . ▁ ▁The ▁fundamental ▁question ▁therefore ▁is : ▁Given ▁the ▁▁ ▁of ▁the ▁uncertainty ▁ ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁analysis ▁ ▁quality ▁of ▁the ▁estimate ▁how ▁meaning ful ▁and ▁useful ▁are ▁the ▁results ▁generated ▁by ▁the ▁analysis , ▁and ▁how ▁sound ▁is ▁the ▁method ology ▁as ▁a ▁whole ? ▁ ▁More ▁on ▁this ▁criticism ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁on ▁Sn ied ov ich ' s ▁web ▁site . ▁ ▁Notes ▁on ▁the ▁art ▁of ▁math ▁model ing ▁ ▁Con stra int ▁satisf icing ▁vs ▁pay off ▁ ▁optimization ▁▁ ▁Any ▁satisf icing ▁problem ▁can ▁be ▁form ulated ▁as ▁an ▁optimization ▁problem . ▁To ▁see ▁that ▁this ▁is ▁so , ▁let ▁the ▁objective ▁function ▁of ▁the ▁optimization ▁problem ▁be ▁the ▁indicator ▁function ▁of ▁the ▁constraints ▁per tain ing ▁to ▁the ▁satisf icing ▁problem . ▁Thus , ▁if ▁our ▁concern ▁is ▁to ▁identify ▁a ▁worst - case ▁scenario ▁per tain ing ▁to ▁a ▁constraint , ▁this ▁can ▁be ▁done ▁via ▁a ▁suitable ▁Max imin / Min im ax ▁worst - case ▁analysis ▁of ▁the ▁indicator ▁function ▁of ▁the ▁constraint . ▁ ▁This ▁means ▁that ▁the ▁generic ▁decision ▁the or etic ▁models ▁can ▁handle ▁out comes ▁that ▁are ▁induced ▁by ▁constraint ▁satisf icing ▁requirements ▁rather ▁than ▁by ▁say ▁pay off ▁maxim ization . ▁ ▁In ▁particular , ▁note ▁the ▁equivalence ▁ ▁where ▁▁ ▁and ▁therefore ▁ ▁In ▁practical ▁terms , ▁this ▁means ▁that ▁an ▁ant agon istic ▁Nature ▁will ▁aim ▁to ▁select ▁a ▁state ▁that ▁will ▁viol ate ▁the ▁constraint ▁whereas