1 0 ▁and ▁ 1 5 0 ▁million ▁( a ▁quarter ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁population ), ▁over ▁a ▁territory ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ 4   mill ion ▁square ▁kilometres ▁( 1 . 2   mill ion ▁square ▁miles ). ▁M ug hal ▁power ▁rapidly ▁dw ind led ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁and ▁the ▁last ▁em peror , ▁Bah ad ur ▁Shah ▁II , ▁was ▁de posed ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 7 , ▁with ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Raj . ▁ ▁M ug hal ▁Empire ▁ ▁The ▁M ug hal ▁Empire ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Bab ur , ▁a ▁Tim ur id ▁prince ▁and ▁r uler ▁from ▁Central ▁Asia . ▁Bab ur ▁was ▁a ▁direct ▁desc endant ▁of ▁the ▁Tim ur id ▁Emperor ▁T amer lane ▁on ▁his ▁father ' s ▁side , ▁and ▁the ▁Mong ol ▁r uler ▁G eng his ▁Khan ▁on ▁his ▁mother ' s ▁side . ▁O usted ▁from ▁his ▁ancest ral ▁domains ▁in ▁Turk istan ▁by ▁She y ban i ▁Khan , ▁the ▁ 1 4 - year - old ▁Prince ▁Bab ur ▁turned ▁to ▁India ▁to ▁satisfy ▁his ▁amb itions . ▁He ▁established ▁himself ▁in ▁Kab ul ▁and ▁then ▁pushed ▁stead ily ▁south ward ▁into ▁India ▁from ▁Afghan istan ▁through ▁the ▁K hy ber ▁Pass . ▁Bab ur ' s ▁forces ▁occupied ▁much ▁of ▁northern ▁India ▁after ▁his ▁victory ▁at ▁Pan ip at ▁in ▁ 1 5 2 6 . ▁The ▁pre occupation ▁with ▁wars ▁and ▁military ▁campaign s , ▁however ,