▁cell ▁cent ros om es . ▁ ▁Function ▁ ▁V D AC 3 ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁mit och ond rial ▁por in ▁family ▁and ▁is ▁expected ▁to ▁share ▁similar ▁bi ological ▁functions ▁to ▁the ▁other ▁V D AC ▁is o forms . ▁V D AC s ▁are ▁involved ▁in ▁cell ▁met abol ism ▁by ▁transport ing ▁ATP ▁and ▁other ▁small ▁met abol ites ▁across ▁the ▁outer ▁mit och ond rial ▁memb rane . ▁In ▁addition , ▁V D AC s ▁form ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁mit och ond rial ▁per me ability ▁transition ▁p ore ▁( MP TP ) ▁and , ▁thus , ▁facil itate ▁cy to chrome ▁C ▁release , ▁leading ▁to ▁apo pt osis . ▁V D AC s ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁observed ▁to ▁interact ▁with ▁pro - ▁or ▁ant ia po pt otic ▁prote ins , ▁such ▁as ▁B cl - 2 ▁family ▁prote ins ▁and ▁kin ases , ▁and ▁so ▁may ▁contribute ▁to ▁apo pt osis ▁independently ▁from ▁the ▁MP TP . ▁Non eth eless , ▁experiments ▁reve al ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁p ore - form ing ▁ability ▁in ▁the ▁V D AC 3 ▁is o form , ▁suggesting ▁that ▁it ▁may ▁perform ▁different ▁bi ological ▁functions . ▁Not ably , ▁though ▁all ▁V D AC ▁is o forms ▁are ▁u bi quit ously ▁expressed , ▁V D AC 3 ▁is ▁major ly ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁s perm ▁outer ▁dense ▁fi ber ▁( O DF ), ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁hypoth es ized ▁to ▁promote ▁proper ▁assembly ▁and ▁maintenance ▁of ▁s