. ▁ ▁In ▁recent ▁years , ▁since ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Cambridge ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ▁and ▁re - est ab lished ▁the ▁former ▁English ▁Language ▁Institute ▁Test ing ▁and ▁Cert ification ▁Division ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ▁( now ▁called ▁Ca ML A ), ▁the ▁C 2 ▁Prof ic ency ▁exam ination ▁( EC PE ) ▁can ▁be ▁provided ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ▁as ▁well . ▁Furthermore , ▁the ▁certificate ▁earned ▁from ▁this ▁exam ▁is ▁equivalent ▁to ▁its ▁Cambridge ▁counter part . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁C 2 ▁Prof ic iency ▁( pre viously ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Cert ificate ▁of ▁Prof ic iency ▁in ▁English ▁( C PE ) ▁and ▁Cambridge ▁English : ▁Prof ic iency ) ▁was ▁first ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁‘ for ▁Foreign ▁Stud ents ▁who ▁desire ▁a ▁satisf actory ▁proof ▁of ▁their ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁language ▁with ▁a ▁view ▁to ▁teaching ▁it ▁in ▁foreign ▁schools .’ ▁ ▁The ▁exam ▁took ▁ 1 2 ▁hours ▁and ▁cost ▁£ 3 ▁( appro xim ately ▁£ 2 9 3 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁prices ) ▁and ▁was ▁open ▁only ▁for ▁candidates ▁aged ▁ 2 0 ▁or ▁over . ▁The ▁exam ▁was ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁sections : ▁written ▁and ▁or al . ▁ ▁Writ ten ▁ ▁Trans lation ▁from ▁English ▁into ▁French ▁or ▁German ▁( 2 ▁hours ) ▁ ▁Trans lation ▁from ▁French ▁or ▁German ▁into ▁English , ▁and ▁questions ▁on ▁English ▁Gram mar ▁( 2 ▁ ½ ▁hours ) ▁ ▁English ▁Ess ay ▁(