▁university ▁from ▁ 1 8 4 4 ▁to ▁ 1 8 4 6 . ▁He ▁then ▁became ▁partner ▁in ▁his ▁father ' s ▁business ▁and ▁was ▁sole ▁propriet or ▁from ▁ 1 8 6 3 . ▁After ▁ 1 8 7 3 , ▁he ▁devoted ▁his ▁entire ▁time ▁to ▁literary ▁work . ▁ ▁Writ ings ▁His ▁novel ▁Gabriel ▁was ▁first ▁published ▁an onym ously ▁in ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁works ▁entitled ▁Si pp ur im ▁( P rag ue ▁ 1 8 5 2 ), ▁and ▁had ▁various ▁transl ations , ▁but , ▁str ang ely , ▁only ▁obtained ▁circul ation ▁in ▁Germany ▁in ▁the ▁English , ▁the ▁author ' s ▁name ▁being ▁unknown ▁and ▁his ▁right ▁to ▁the ▁author ship ▁not ▁being ▁proven ▁till ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁later . ▁Of ▁his ▁other ▁works ▁should ▁be ▁c ited ▁Ein ▁Sp iegel ▁der ▁Gegen wart ▁( A ▁mirror ▁of ▁the ▁present ; ▁J ena , ▁ 1 8 7 5 ), ▁Die ▁sil ber ne ▁Hoch zeit ▁( The ▁silver ▁wed ding ; ▁Leipzig , ▁ 1 8 8 2 ), ▁Pra ger ▁Gh etto b ilder ▁( P rag ue ▁gh etto ▁sketch es ; ▁Leipzig , ▁ 1 8 8 4 ); ▁Neue ▁Gh etto b ilder ▁( New ▁gh etto ▁sketch es ; ▁Leipzig , ▁ 1 8 8 6 ), ▁Der ▁Lebens ret ter ▁und ▁andere ▁Erz ähl ungen ▁( The ▁life ▁sa ver ▁and ▁other ▁tales ; ▁Berlin , ▁ 1 8 9 3 ), ▁Für st eng unst