0 1 0 ), ▁a ▁larger ▁hi pp oc amp al ▁volume ▁would ▁result ▁in ▁better ▁executive ▁control ▁of ▁memory . ▁They ▁concluded ▁that ▁hi pp oc amp al ▁volume ▁was ▁posit ively ▁associated ▁with ▁performance ▁on ▁rel ational ▁memory ▁tasks . ▁Their ▁find ings ▁are ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁indicate ▁that ▁aer ob ic ▁fit ness ▁may ▁relate ▁to ▁the ▁structure ▁and ▁function ▁of ▁the ▁pre ad oles cent ▁human ▁brain . ▁In ▁Best ’ s ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁meta - analysis ▁of ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁activity ▁on ▁children ’ s ▁executive ▁function , ▁there ▁are ▁two ▁distinct ▁experimental ▁designs ▁used ▁to ▁assess ▁aer ob ic ▁exercise ▁on ▁cogn ition . ▁The ▁first ▁is ▁chron ic ▁exercise , ▁in ▁which ▁children ▁are ▁randomly ▁assigned ▁to ▁a ▁schedule ▁of ▁aer ob ic ▁exercise ▁over ▁several ▁weeks ▁and ▁later ▁ass essed ▁at ▁the ▁end . ▁The ▁second ▁is ▁ac ute ▁exercise , ▁which ▁exam ines ▁the ▁immediate ▁changes ▁in ▁cogn itive ▁function ing ▁after ▁each ▁session . ▁The ▁results ▁of ▁both ▁suggest ▁that ▁aer ob ic ▁exercise ▁may ▁briefly ▁aid ▁children ’ s ▁executive ▁function ▁and ▁also ▁influence ▁more ▁last ing ▁improvements ▁to ▁executive ▁function . ▁Other ▁studies ▁have ▁suggested ▁that ▁exercise ▁is ▁un related ▁to ▁academic ▁performance , ▁perhaps ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁parameters ▁used ▁to ▁determine ▁exactly ▁what ▁academic ▁achiev ement ▁is . ▁This ▁area ▁of ▁study ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁focus ▁for ▁education ▁bo ards ▁that ▁make ▁dec isions ▁on ▁whether ▁physical ▁education ▁should ▁be ▁implemented ▁in ▁the ▁school ▁curr icul