- em itting ▁di odes . ▁Today ▁organ ic ▁sem icon duct ors ▁are ▁used ▁as ▁active ▁elements ▁in ▁organ ic ▁light - em itting ▁di odes ▁( O LED s ), ▁organ ic ▁solar ▁cells ▁( OS C s ) ▁and ▁organ ic ▁field - effect ▁trans ist ors ▁( OF ET s ). ▁ ▁Material s ▁ ▁Am orph ous ▁mole cular ▁films ▁Am orph ous ▁mole cular ▁films ▁are ▁produced ▁by ▁ev ap oration ▁ ▁or ▁spin - co ating . ▁ ▁They ▁have ▁been ▁investig ated ▁for ▁device ▁applications ▁such ▁as ▁O LED s , ▁OF ET s , ▁and ▁OS C s . ▁Illustr ative ▁ ▁materials ▁are ▁tr is ( 8 - h ydro xy quin olin ato ) al umin ium , ▁C 6 0 , ▁phen yl - C 6 1 - but y ric ▁acid ▁m eth yl ▁est er ▁( PC B M ), ▁pent ac ene , ▁car baz oles , ▁and ▁ph th al oc yan ine . ▁ ▁M ole cular ly ▁do ped ▁polym ers ▁M ole cular ly ▁do ped ▁polym ers ▁are ▁prepared ▁by ▁spread ing ▁a ▁film ▁of ▁an ▁elect r ically ▁in ert ▁polym er , ▁e . g . ▁poly car bon ate , ▁do ped ▁with ▁typically ▁ 3 0 % ▁of ▁charge ▁transport ing ▁mole cules , ▁on ▁ ▁a ▁base ▁electro de . ▁Typ ical ▁materials ▁are ▁the ▁tri phen y len es . ▁They ▁have ▁been ▁investig ated ▁for ▁use