ος , ▁ph ob os , ▁" f ear ") ▁is ▁a ▁sentiment ▁against ▁China , ▁its ▁people , ▁over se as ▁Chinese , ▁or ▁Chinese ▁culture . ▁It ▁often ▁targets ▁Chinese ▁minor ities ▁living ▁outside ▁of ▁China ▁and ▁involves ▁imm igration , ▁development ▁of ▁national ▁identity ▁in ▁neighbour ing ▁countries , ▁dispar ity ▁of ▁wealth , ▁the ▁past ▁central ▁trib ut ary ▁system , ▁majority - min or ity ▁relations , ▁imperial ist ▁leg a cies , ▁and ▁rac ism . ▁Its ▁opposite ▁is ▁Sin oph ilia . ▁ ▁Statistics ▁and ▁background ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁P ew ▁Research ▁Center ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁conducted ▁a ▁survey ▁over ▁Sin oph ob ia , ▁finding ▁that ▁China ▁was ▁viewed ▁favor ably ▁in ▁just ▁half ▁( 1 9 ▁of ▁ 3 8 ) ▁of ▁the ▁nations ▁survey ed , ▁ex cluding ▁China ▁itself . ▁Be ij ing ' s ▁strong est ▁supp or ters ▁were ▁in ▁Asia , ▁in ▁Malays ia ▁( 8 1 %) ▁and ▁Pakistan ▁( 8 1 % ); ▁African ▁nations ▁of ▁Ken ya ▁( 7 8 % ), ▁Sen eg al ▁( 7 7 %) ▁and ▁Niger ia ▁( 7 6 % ); ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Latin ▁America , ▁particularly ▁in ▁countries ▁heavily ▁eng aging ▁with ▁the ▁Chinese ▁market , ▁such ▁as ▁Venezuela ▁( 7 1 % ), ▁Brazil ▁( 6 5 %) ▁and ▁Chile ▁( 6 2 %). ▁However , ▁anti - Ch ina ▁sentiment ▁has ▁remained ▁permanent ▁in ▁the ▁West ▁and ▁other ▁Asian ▁countries :