▁of ▁the ▁novel ▁as ▁literature ▁and ▁did ▁more ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁figure ▁to ▁define ▁and ▁popular ise ▁Scottish ▁cultural ▁identity ▁in ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century . ▁He ▁is ▁considered ▁the ▁first ▁novel ist ▁writing ▁in ▁English ▁to ▁enjoy ▁an ▁international ▁career ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁lifetime , ▁having ▁a ▁major ▁influence ▁on ▁novel ists ▁in ▁Italy , ▁France , ▁Russia ▁and ▁the ▁US ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Great ▁Britain . ▁ ▁Scott ' s ▁success ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁publishing ▁bo om ▁in ▁Scotland ▁that ▁benef ited ▁his ▁im it ators ▁and ▁riv als . ▁Scottish ▁publishing ▁increased ▁three fold ▁as ▁a ▁proportion ▁of ▁all ▁publishing ▁in ▁Great ▁Britain , ▁reaching ▁a ▁peak ▁of ▁ 1 5 ▁per ▁cent ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 2 – 2 5 . ▁Many ▁nov els ▁were ▁original ▁serial ised ▁in ▁period ical s , ▁which ▁included ▁The ▁Edinburgh ▁Review , ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 2 ▁and ▁Black wood ' s ▁Magazine , ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 7 , ▁both ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁owned ▁by ▁Scott ' s ▁publish er ▁Black wood s . ▁T ogether ▁they ▁had ▁a ▁major ▁impact ▁on ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁British ▁literature ▁in ▁the ▁era ▁of ▁Rom antic ism , ▁helping ▁to ▁solid ify ▁the ▁literary ▁respect ability ▁of ▁the ▁novel . ▁ ▁The ▁major ▁figures ▁that ▁benef ited ▁from ▁this ▁bo om ▁included ▁James ▁Hog g ▁( 1 7 7 0 – 1 8 3 5 ), ▁whose ▁best ▁known ▁work ▁is ▁The ▁Private ▁Mem oir s ▁and ▁Conf