▁which ▁included ▁among ▁others ▁Luci ano ▁Pav ar otti . ▁ ▁His ▁physics ▁degree ▁( Univers ita ' ▁di ▁Mod ena ▁ 1 9 6 7 ) ▁was ▁on ▁p ion - n uc le on ▁phase ▁shift ▁disp ersion ▁relations , ▁a ▁subject ▁suggested ▁by ▁Dan iele ▁Am ati . ▁ ▁Ad m itted ▁to ▁doctor al ▁studies ▁in ▁P isa ' s ▁famous ▁Sc uola ▁Norm ale ▁Super iore ▁ ▁he ▁switched ▁to ▁the ▁bur geon ing ▁field ▁of ▁solid ▁state ▁physics ▁in ▁the ▁fresh ly ▁established ▁research ▁group ▁of ▁Franco ▁G . ▁Bass ani ▁working ▁on ▁the ▁optical ▁properties ▁of ▁sem icon duct ors . ▁ ▁His ▁ ▁doctor al ▁work ▁( Sc uola ▁Norm ale ▁Super iore , ▁P isa ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁employed ▁optical ▁and ▁electron ▁energy ▁loss ▁data ▁along ▁with ▁disp ersion ▁relations ▁typical ▁of ▁high ▁energy ▁physics ▁ ▁to ▁work ▁out ▁the ▁ ▁an is otrop ic ▁die lect ric ▁tensor ▁of ▁graph ite , ▁later ▁useful ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁graph ene . ▁ ▁After ▁serving ▁as ▁a ▁weather ▁forec ast ▁under - lie utenant ▁ ▁( G AR F ) ▁for ▁his ▁( then ▁comp uls ory ) ▁military ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁Italian ▁Air ▁Force , ▁ ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁University ▁of ▁Rome ▁ ▁with ▁a ▁research er ▁position ▁of ▁Italy ' s ▁National ▁Research ▁Council ▁( CN R ) ▁. ▁ ▁That ▁allowed ▁him ▁freedom ▁to ▁leave ▁for ▁a ▁joint ▁ 1 8 - month ▁long ▁ ▁Royal ▁Society ▁-