▁personnel ▁were ▁injured ▁in ▁the ▁ri ots . ▁ ▁Some ▁column ists ▁including ▁Prem ▁Sh ank ar ▁J ha ▁have ▁term ed ▁the ▁un rest ▁as ▁K ash mir ' s ▁Int if ada . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁obser vers ▁of ▁K ash mir ▁reported ▁growth ▁in ▁home - g rown ▁Islam ic ▁milit ancy ▁and ▁radical ization ▁of ▁the ▁K ash mi ri ▁Muslim ▁population . ▁Several ▁reasons ▁for ▁the ▁growth ▁have ▁been ▁c ited ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁a ▁political ▁dialog ue , ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁economic ▁opportun ities , ▁fr ustration ▁due ▁to ▁high ▁un emp loyment , ▁excess ive ▁militar ization ▁of ▁the ▁public ▁space ▁and ▁repeated ▁human ▁rights ▁viol ations ▁by ▁the ▁security ▁forces . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁scholar - j ournal ist ▁Har is ▁Z arg ar , ▁the ▁increasing ▁radical ization ▁represented ▁a ▁counter - re action ▁to ▁the ▁sh aping ▁of ▁the ▁national ist ▁identity ▁in ▁India ▁based ▁on ▁its ▁rising ▁middle ▁class ▁and ▁H indu ▁national ism . ▁The ▁rise ▁of ▁force ful ▁H indu ▁national ism ▁affected ▁how ▁K ash mi ri ▁Muslim s ▁viewed ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁and ▁res h aped ▁their ▁K ash mi ri ▁Muslim ▁identity . ▁The ▁commun al ▁polar ization ▁in ▁India ▁and ▁the ▁violence ▁target ing ▁Muslim s ▁are ▁widely ▁discussed ▁in ▁K ash mi ri ▁homes . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Indian ▁general ▁election , ▁the