ith or agar h ▁district ▁of ▁U tt ar ak hand ▁state ▁of ▁India . ▁The ▁Raw ats ▁ruled ▁over ▁the ▁Joh ar ▁valley , ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Ch and ▁dynast y ▁in ▁K uma on ; ▁this ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁G ork ha ▁rule . ▁In ▁ 1 8 1 6 ▁the ▁British ▁defeated ▁the ▁G ork has ▁but ▁maintained ▁a ▁policy ▁of ▁non - inter ference ▁and ▁friendship ▁towards ▁the ▁Joh ar ▁B hot ias . ▁The ▁famous ▁B hot ia ▁expl or ers ▁mostly ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Joh ar . ▁ ▁After ▁leaving ▁school , ▁N ain ▁Singh ▁helped ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁visited ▁different ▁cent res ▁in ▁Tib et ▁with ▁him , ▁learned ▁the ▁Tib et an ▁language , ▁custom s ▁and ▁man ners ▁and ▁became ▁familiar ▁with ▁the ▁Tib et an ▁people . ▁This ▁knowledge ▁of ▁Tib et an ▁language ▁and ▁local ▁custom s ▁and ▁protocol ▁came ▁in ▁hand y ▁in ▁N ain ▁Singh ' s ▁work ▁as ▁a ▁" sp y ▁expl orer ". ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁extreme ▁cold ▁conditions , ▁Mil am ▁and ▁other ▁villages ▁of ▁the ▁upper ▁Joh ar ▁valley ▁are ▁inhab ited ▁only ▁for ▁a ▁few ▁months ▁from ▁June ▁to ▁October . ▁During ▁this ▁time ▁the ▁men ▁used ▁to ▁visit ▁G ya ' ny ima , ▁G art ok ▁and ▁other ▁mark ets ▁in ▁Western ▁Tib et . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁secret ▁survey ▁of ▁Tib et , ▁N ain ▁Singh ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁non - T ib et an ▁to