▁exposed ▁by ▁Ray ▁H yman ▁in ▁a ▁critical ▁app rais al ▁published ▁several ▁years ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁journal . ▁ ▁Crit ic ism : ▁ ▁method ological ▁fla ws ▁The ▁descri ptions ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁psych ic ▁studies ▁and ▁their ▁results ▁were ▁published ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁in ▁the ▁journal ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁IE EE . ▁ ▁T ogether ▁with ▁the ▁earlier ▁papers , ▁this ▁prov oked ▁inten se ▁scr ut iny ▁in ▁the ▁main stream ▁scientific ▁literature . ▁ ▁N umer ous ▁problems ▁in ▁the ▁overall ▁design ▁of ▁the ▁remote ▁view ing ▁studies ▁were ▁identified , ▁with ▁problems ▁noted ▁in ▁all ▁three ▁of ▁the ▁remote ▁view ing ▁steps ▁( target ▁selection , ▁target ▁view ing , ▁and ▁results ▁jud ging ). ▁A ▁particular ▁problem ▁was ▁the ▁failure ▁to ▁follow ▁the ▁standard ▁procedures ▁that ▁are ▁used ▁in ▁experimental ▁psych ology . ▁ ▁Several ▁external ▁research ers ▁expressed ▁concerns ▁about ▁the ▁reli ability ▁of ▁the ▁jud ging ▁process . ▁Independent ▁exam ination ▁of ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁sketch es ▁and ▁trans cript s ▁from ▁the ▁view ing ▁process ▁revealed ▁fla ws ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁procedures ▁and ▁anal ys es . ▁ ▁In ▁particular , ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁sens ory ▁c ues ▁being ▁available ▁to ▁the ▁jud ges ▁was ▁noted . ▁A ▁length y ▁exchange ▁en su ed , ▁with ▁the ▁external ▁research ers ▁finally ▁con cluding ▁that ▁the ▁failure ▁of ▁Put hoff ▁and ▁T arg ▁to ▁address ▁their ▁concerns ▁meant ▁that ▁the ▁claim ▁of ▁remote ▁view