▁in ▁Dutch ▁New ▁Amsterdam ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 4 , ▁most ▁not ably ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁to ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁when ▁the ▁Jewish ▁population ▁rose ▁from ▁about ▁ 8 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁to ▁ 1 . 5 ▁million ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁The ▁large ▁Jewish ▁population ▁has ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁significant ▁impact ▁on ▁the ▁culture ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁After ▁many ▁dec ades ▁of ▁decl ine ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁the ▁Jewish ▁population ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁has ▁seen ▁a ▁sharp ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁century , ▁ow ing ▁to ▁the ▁high ▁birth ▁rate ▁of ▁the ▁Has id ic ▁and ▁Orth odox ▁communities . ▁ ▁Population ▁ ▁, ▁about ▁ 1 . 1 ▁million ▁residents ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁or ▁about ▁ 1 2 % ▁of ▁its ▁residents , ▁were ▁Jewish . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁approximately ▁ 1 . 5 ▁million ▁Jews ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁metropol itan ▁area , ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁second ▁largest ▁metropol itan ▁Jewish ▁community ▁in ▁the ▁world , ▁after ▁the ▁Tel ▁Av iv ▁Metropolitan ▁Area ▁in ▁Israel ▁( how ever , ▁Tel ▁Av iv ▁proper ▁has ▁a ▁smaller ▁population ▁of ▁Jews ▁than ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁proper , ▁making ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁the ▁largest ▁community ▁of ▁Jews ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁within ▁a ▁city ▁proper ). ▁New ▁York ▁City ' s ▁Jewish ▁population ▁is ▁more ▁than ▁Chicago