▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁a ▁lower ▁court ▁in ▁Maryland ▁ruled ▁the ▁General ▁Assembly ▁districts ▁un const itution al . ▁T aw es , ▁a ▁rural ▁county ▁politician ▁himself , ▁called ▁the ▁General ▁Assembly ▁into ▁special ▁session ▁to ▁red raw ▁the ▁districts , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁substantial ▁gain ▁in ▁representation ▁in ▁the ▁State ▁Senate ▁and ▁House ▁of ▁De leg ates ▁for ▁the ▁urban ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁election ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁T aw es ▁faced ▁substantial ▁competition ▁in ▁the ▁primary ▁from ▁David ▁H ume , ▁a ▁critic ▁of ▁T aw es ' ▁conservation ▁policies , ▁and ▁business man ▁George ▁P . ▁Mah oney . ▁While ▁both ▁H ume ▁and ▁Mah oney ▁pol led ▁impress ively , ▁T aw es ▁managed ▁to ▁retain ▁the ▁Democratic ▁nom ination . ▁His ▁ch allen ger ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁election , ▁Congress man ▁Frank ▁Small , ▁Jr ., ▁lost ▁to ▁T aw es ▁by ▁a ▁margin ▁of ▁ 7 8 , 0 0 0 ▁votes , ▁primarily ▁due ▁to ▁Small ' s ▁poor ly ▁managed ▁campaign . ▁T aw es ' ▁second ▁administration ▁began ▁on ▁January ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁Civil ▁Rights ▁Mov ement ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁took ▁place ▁during ▁the ▁T aw es ▁Administration . ▁While ▁T aw es ▁was ▁public ly ▁neither ▁strongly ▁for ▁or ▁against ▁disc rim ination , ▁Maryland ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁state ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁Mason – D ixon ▁line