▁C ret ace ous , ▁the ▁gi ants ▁Sau rop ose id on , ▁Par al it itan , ▁Argent in osa urus , ▁Pu ert as aur us , ▁Ant arct osa urus ▁gig ante us , ▁D read n ought us ▁sch ran i , ▁Not oc ol oss us ▁and ▁Fut al ogn k osa urus ▁lived , ▁the ▁earliest ▁being ▁a ▁bra ch ios aur id , ▁with ▁all ▁latter ▁being ▁tit an osa urs . ▁One ▁sp ars ely ▁known ▁possible ▁giant ▁is ▁Hu ang het itan ▁ru y ang ensis , ▁only ▁known ▁from ▁ ▁long ▁rib s . ▁These ▁giant ▁species ▁lived ▁in ▁the ▁Late ▁Jur ass ic ▁to ▁the ▁Late ▁C ret ace ous , ▁appearing ▁independently ▁over ▁a ▁time ▁span ▁of ▁ 8 5 ▁million ▁years . ▁ ▁Ins ular ▁d war f ism ▁in ▁sau rop ods ▁ ▁Two ▁well - known ▁island ▁d war f ▁species ▁of ▁sau rop ods ▁are ▁the ▁C ret ace ous ▁Magyar osa urus ▁( at ▁one ▁point ▁its ▁identity ▁as ▁a ▁d war f ▁was ▁challeng ed ) ▁and ▁the ▁Jur ass ic ▁Europ as aur us , ▁both ▁from ▁Europe . ▁Even ▁though ▁these ▁sau rop ods ▁are ▁small , ▁the ▁only ▁way ▁to ▁prove ▁they ▁are ▁true ▁d war fs ▁is ▁through ▁a ▁study ▁of ▁their ▁b one ▁hist ology . ▁A ▁study ▁by ▁Martin ▁S ander ▁and ▁colle agues ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁exam ined ▁eleven ▁individuals ▁of ▁Europ as aur