▁document . ▁Event ually ▁it ▁was ▁discussed ▁during ▁a ▁sem inar ▁at ▁the ▁D ag ▁Ham mar sk jö ld ▁Center ▁in ▁U pp s ala .] ▁ ▁The ▁English ▁translation , ▁expanded ▁with ▁" A ▁Note ▁on ▁Method ology ", ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁Development ▁Dialog ue ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁With ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁ 2 ▁adapt ations ▁of ▁earlier ▁articles ▁by ▁Max - Ne ef , ▁the ▁work ▁was ▁published ▁as ▁a ▁book ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁ ▁Human ▁scale ▁development ▁ ▁Human ▁scale ▁development ▁is ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁ne oli ber al ist ▁and ▁struct ural ist ▁hier arch ical ▁development ▁systems ▁in ▁which ▁dec isions ▁are ▁made ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁and ▁are ▁directed ▁down wards ▁instead ▁of ▁dem ocr atic ▁dec isions . ▁It ▁focus es ▁on ▁development ▁by ▁the ▁people ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁people ▁and ▁is ▁founded ▁upon ▁three ▁pill ars : ▁fundamental ▁human ▁needs , ▁increasing ▁self - re liance ▁and ▁a ▁bal anced ▁inter dep end ence ▁of ▁people ▁with ▁their ▁environment . ▁This ▁system ▁of ▁development ▁gives ▁people ▁a ▁platform ▁for ▁community ▁organ izing ▁and ▁dem ocr atic ▁decision ▁making ▁to ▁emp ower ▁people ▁to ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁planning ▁process ▁to ▁ensure ▁it ▁meets ▁their ▁needs . ▁The ▁fundamental ▁human ▁needs ▁of ▁Max - Ne ef ▁form ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁this ▁alternative ▁development ▁system . ▁Un like ▁Mas low ' s ▁Hier archy ▁of ▁Ne eds , ▁which ▁focus es ▁on ▁a ▁hierarchy ▁of ▁psych ological ▁needs