▁the ▁direct ▁descend ants ▁of ▁Shang ▁people . ▁During ▁the ▁later ▁Song ▁dynast y ▁( 9 6 0 - 1 2 7 9 ▁AD ), ▁an ▁ancient ▁bronze ▁artifact ▁" Sh u ▁Y i ▁Zh ong " ( <0xE5> <0x8F> <0x94> <0xE5> <0xA4> <0xB7> <0xE9> <0x90> <0x98> ) ▁was ▁un ear th ed ▁with ▁an ▁ins cription ▁describing ▁how ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Shang ▁dynast y , ▁Tang , ▁over th rew ▁the ▁X ia ▁dynast y . ▁The ▁owner ▁of ▁this ▁artifact , ▁Sh u ▁Y i , ▁a ▁high ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁Q i ▁Kingdom ▁during ▁the ▁Spring ▁and ▁Aut umn ▁period ▁( ~ 6 0 0 ▁BC ), ▁was ▁actually ▁a ▁direct ▁desc endant ▁of ▁the ▁Song ▁Kingdom ' s ▁k ings , ▁which ▁means ▁he ▁himself ▁was ▁a ▁desc endant ▁of ▁Shang ▁people . ▁This ▁bronze ▁artifact ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁memor ialize ▁his ▁Shang ▁ancest ors . ▁The ▁ins cription ▁contradict s ▁the ▁hypothesis ▁that ▁the ▁Z hou ▁dynast y ▁manufact ured ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁the ▁X ia ▁dynast y . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁Shang ▁oracle ▁b one ▁ins cri ptions ▁contain ▁no ▁mention ▁of ▁the ▁X ia , ▁some ▁sch ol ars ▁have ▁suggested ▁that ▁pol ities ▁they ▁mention ▁might ▁be ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁the ▁X ia . ▁Gu o ▁Mor uo ▁suggested ▁that ▁an ▁enemy ▁state ▁called ▁T uf ang ▁state ▁mentioned ▁in ▁many ▁ins cri ptions ▁might ▁be ▁identified ▁with ▁the ▁X ia . ▁The ▁historian ▁Sh en ▁Ch ang y un ▁pointed ▁to ▁four