elled ▁from ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁ 1 6 0 9 – 1 6 1 4 , ▁and ▁em igr ated ▁en ▁mas se ▁to ▁North ▁Africa . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 8 0 , ▁after ▁the ▁political ▁crisis ▁that ▁followed ▁the ▁ 1 5 7 8 ▁death ▁of ▁King ▁Sebastian , ▁Portugal ▁became ▁a ▁d yn astic ▁composite ▁entity ▁of ▁the ▁H aps burg ▁Mon archy ; ▁thus , ▁the ▁whole ▁pen ins ula ▁was ▁un ited ▁polit ically ▁during ▁the ▁period ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁I ber ian ▁Union ▁( 1 5 8 0 – 1 6 4 0 ). ▁During ▁the ▁I ber ian ▁union , ▁the ▁" first ▁great ▁wave " ▁of ▁the ▁trans at l antic ▁slave ▁trade ▁happened , ▁according ▁to ▁En ri qu eta ▁V ila ▁Vill ar , ▁as ▁new ▁mark ets ▁opened ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁un ification ▁gave ▁thrust ▁to ▁the ▁slave ▁trade . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 6 0 0 , ▁the ▁percentage ▁of ▁urban ▁population ▁for ▁Spain ▁was ▁roughly ▁a ▁ 1 1 . 4 %, ▁while ▁for ▁Portugal ▁the ▁urban ▁population ▁was ▁estimated ▁as ▁ 1 4 . 1 %, ▁which ▁were ▁both ▁above ▁the ▁ 7 . 6 % ▁European ▁average ▁of ▁the ▁time ▁( ed ged ▁only ▁by ▁the ▁Low ▁Count ries ▁and ▁the ▁Italian ▁Pen ins ula ). ▁Some ▁striking ▁differences ▁appeared ▁among ▁the ▁different ▁I ber ian ▁real ms . ▁Cast ile , ▁extending ▁across ▁a ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁pen ins ula