▁may ▁be ▁that ▁in ▁older ▁adult s , ▁individuals ▁benefit ▁cogn it ively ▁by ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁both ▁aer ob ic ▁and ▁resistance ▁type ▁exercise ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁moder ate ▁intensity . ▁Ind ividual s ▁who ▁have ▁a ▁sed ent ary ▁l ifest yle ▁tend ▁to ▁have ▁imp a ired ▁executive ▁functions ▁relative ▁to ▁other ▁more ▁phys ically ▁active ▁non - ex er cis ers . ▁A ▁reci pro cal ▁relationship ▁between ▁exercise ▁and ▁executive ▁functions ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁noted : ▁improvements ▁in ▁executive ▁control ▁processes , ▁such ▁as ▁att ent ional ▁control ▁and ▁in hib itory ▁control , ▁increase ▁an ▁individual ' s ▁t endency ▁to ▁exercise . ▁ ▁Mechan ism ▁of ▁effects ▁ ▁B D NF ▁signal ing ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁significant ▁effects ▁of ▁exercise ▁on ▁the ▁brain ▁is ▁the ▁increased ▁synth esis ▁and ▁expression ▁of ▁B D NF , ▁a ▁ne urope pt ide ▁and ▁h orm one , ▁in ▁the ▁brain ▁and ▁peri ph ery , ▁resulting ▁in ▁increased ▁signal ing ▁through ▁its ▁re ceptor ▁ty ros ine ▁kin ase , ▁trop omy os in ▁re ceptor ▁kin ase ▁B ▁( Tr k B ). ▁Since ▁B D NF ▁is ▁capable ▁of ▁crossing ▁the ▁blood – bra in ▁bar rier , ▁higher ▁peri pher al ▁B D NF ▁synth esis ▁also ▁increases ▁B D NF ▁signal ing ▁in ▁the ▁brain . ▁Ex erc ise - indu ced ▁increases ▁in ▁B D NF ▁signal ing ▁are ▁associated ▁with ▁benef icial ▁ep igen etic ▁changes , ▁improved ▁cogn itive