▁in ▁Mar bury ▁v . ▁Mad ison ▁by ▁declaring ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁strike ▁down ▁laws ▁that ▁depart ed ▁from ▁those ▁powers : ▁" Should ▁Congress , ▁in ▁the ▁execution ▁of ▁its ▁powers , ▁adopt ▁measures ▁which ▁are ▁prohib ited ▁by ▁the ▁Constitution , ▁or ▁should ▁Congress , ▁under ▁the ▁pre text ▁of ▁executing ▁its ▁powers , ▁pass ▁laws ▁for ▁the ▁accomplish ment ▁of ▁objects ▁not ▁intr usted ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁Government , ▁it ▁would ▁become ▁the ▁pain ful ▁duty ▁of ▁this ▁trib unal , ▁should ▁a ▁case ▁requiring ▁such ▁a ▁decision ▁come ▁before ▁it , ▁to ▁say ▁that ▁such ▁an ▁act ▁was ▁not ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁the ▁land ." ▁ ▁As ▁Marshall ▁put ▁it , ▁the ▁N ec ess ary ▁and ▁Pro per ▁Cla use ▁" pur port [ s ] ▁to ▁en large , ▁not ▁to ▁dimin ish ▁the ▁powers ▁v ested ▁in ▁the ▁government . ▁It ▁pur ports ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁additional ▁power , ▁not ▁a ▁restriction ▁on ▁those ▁already ▁granted ." ▁Without ▁that ▁clause , ▁there ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁dispute ▁about ▁whether ▁the ▁express ▁powers ▁imply ▁incident al ▁powers , ▁but ▁the ▁clause ▁resolved ▁that ▁dispute ▁by ▁making ▁those ▁incident al ▁powers ▁be ▁expressed , ▁instead ▁of ▁imp lied . ▁ ▁Later ▁history ▁In ▁a ▁related ▁case ▁after ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War , ▁the ▁clause ▁was ▁employed , ▁in ▁combination ▁with ▁other ▁enumer ated ▁powers , ▁to ▁give ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁virt ually ▁complete ▁control ▁over ▁currency . ▁ ▁Later ▁applications ▁The ▁clause ▁has ▁been ▁pa