▁such ▁as ▁William ▁H . ▁Johnson ▁and ▁Pal mer ▁Hay den ▁created ▁unique ▁works ▁of ▁art ▁featuring ▁African ▁Americans . ▁ ▁The ▁Har lem ▁Renaissance ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁time ▁of ▁increased ▁political ▁invol vement ▁for ▁African ▁Americans . ▁Among ▁the ▁notable ▁African - American ▁political ▁movements ▁founded ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁are ▁the ▁Universal ▁Neg ro ▁Im prov ement ▁Association ▁and ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁for ▁the ▁Ad van cement ▁of ▁Col ored ▁People . ▁The ▁Nation ▁of ▁Islam , ▁a ▁notable ▁quasi - I sl am ic ▁religious ▁movement , ▁also ▁began ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 3 0 s . ▁ ▁African - American ▁cultural ▁movement ▁ ▁The ▁Black ▁Power ▁movement ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁followed ▁in ▁the ▁w ake ▁of ▁the ▁non - vi ol ent ▁Civil ▁Rights ▁Mov ement . ▁The ▁movement ▁promoted ▁ra cial ▁pride ▁and ▁eth nic ▁coh es ion ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁the ▁focus ▁on ▁integration ▁of ▁the ▁Civil ▁Rights ▁Mov ement , ▁and ▁adopted ▁a ▁more ▁milit ant ▁post ure ▁in ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁rac ism . ▁It ▁also ▁inspired ▁a ▁new ▁r ena issance ▁in ▁African - American ▁literary ▁and ▁art istic ▁expression ▁generally ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁African - American ▁or ▁" Black ▁Arts ▁Mov ement ". ▁ ▁The ▁works ▁of ▁popular ▁recording ▁artists ▁such ▁as ▁N ina ▁Sim one ▁(" You ng , ▁G ift ed ▁and ▁Black ") ▁and ▁The ▁Im press ions ▁(" Ke ep