▁from ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁states ▁we ▁usually ▁call ▁liquid ▁to ▁any ▁of ▁those ▁we ▁usually ▁call ▁gas , ▁without ▁losing ▁hom ogene ity . ▁The ▁mathematical ▁phys ic ist ▁Will ard ▁Gib bs ▁c ited ▁these ▁results ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁Gib bs ▁free ▁energy ▁equation . ▁They ▁also ▁set ▁off ▁a ▁race ▁among ▁research ers ▁to ▁liqu ify ▁various ▁other ▁g ases . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 7 - 7 8 ▁Louis ▁Paul ▁C ail let et ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁li que f y ▁o xygen ▁and ▁nit ro gen . ▁ ▁Selected ▁writ ings ▁▁▁ ▁Thomas ▁Andrew s , ▁" The ▁Baker ian ▁L ect ure : ▁On ▁the ▁Cont inu ity ▁of ▁the ▁G ase ous ▁and ▁Li qu id ▁States ▁of ▁M atter ", ▁Philosoph ical ▁Trans actions ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Society ▁of ▁London , ▁vol . ▁ 1 5 9 ▁( 1 8 6 9 ), ▁pp .   5 7 5 – 5 9 0 . ▁▁ ▁- ▁Cont ains ▁a ▁bi ographical ▁mem oir ▁of ▁Andrew s ▁by ▁T ait ▁and ▁C rum ▁Brown ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 1 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 8 5 ▁death s ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Society ▁Category : B rit ish ▁chem ists ▁Category : B rit ish ▁phys ic ists ▁Category : S cient ists ▁from ▁B elf ast ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁B elf ast ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁Category : Ro