▁historian ▁Z os im us , ▁who ▁as ▁a ▁P agan ▁was ▁incl ined ▁to ▁rev ile ▁the ▁rest orer ▁of ▁Christian ity , ▁all ▁the ▁minister s ▁and ▁officials ▁appointed ▁by ▁Julian ▁were ▁summar ily ▁dismiss ed ▁in ▁dis gra ce ; ▁modern ▁authorities ▁have ▁qualified ▁the ▁assertion . ▁It ▁is ▁certain ▁that ▁some ▁res h uff ling ▁of ▁commands ▁occurred ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁provinces , ▁but ▁the ▁changes ▁were ▁strictly ▁based ▁on ▁mer it . ▁The ▁Soph ists ▁and ▁philosoph ers ▁who ▁had ▁pro l ifer ated ▁in ▁the ▁court ▁of ▁the ▁apost ate , ▁drawing ▁large ▁sal aries ▁for ▁del us ive ▁services , ▁were ▁c ash ier ed . ▁ ▁Val entin ian ▁retained ▁the ▁services ▁of ▁D ag ala if us ▁and ▁promoted ▁A equ it ius ▁to ▁Com es ▁Il ly ric um . ▁Val ens ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁Pref ect ure ▁of ▁Ori ens , ▁govern ed ▁by ▁pre fect ▁Sal ut ius . ▁Val entin ian ▁gained ▁control ▁of ▁Italy , ▁Ga ul , ▁Africa , ▁and ▁Il ly ric um . ▁Val ens ▁res ided ▁in ▁Constantin ople , ▁while ▁Val entin ian ’ s ▁court ▁was ▁at ▁Medi olan um . ▁ ▁Camp aign s ▁in ▁Ga ul ▁and ▁Germania ▁ ▁In ▁ 3 6 5 ▁the ▁Al am anni ▁crossed ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁and ▁inv aded ▁Ga ul . ▁Sim ult ane ously , ▁Pro cop ius ▁– ▁the ▁last ▁sc ion ▁of ▁the ▁Constantin ian ▁dynast y ▁–