▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine , ▁by ▁which ▁Austria ▁was ▁cut ▁off ▁from ▁the ▁Spanish ▁Netherlands , ▁and , ▁as ▁minister ▁of ▁state , ▁was ▁associated ▁with ▁Maz arin ▁in ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁the ▁Py ren ees ▁( 1 6 5 9 ), ▁which ▁secured ▁the ▁marriage ▁of ▁Louis ▁XIV ▁to ▁the ▁inf anta ▁Maria ▁Ther esa ▁of ▁Spain . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁card inals ▁dying ▁request ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁his ▁successor ▁in ▁foreign ▁affairs , ▁a ▁position ▁he ▁held ▁from ▁ 3 ▁April ▁ 1 6 6 3 ▁to ▁ 1 ▁September ▁ 1 6 7 1 . ▁Among ▁his ▁most ▁important ▁diplom atic ▁success es ▁were ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁B red a ▁( 1 6 6 7 ), ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁A ix - la - Ch ap elle ▁( 1 6 6 8 ) ▁and ▁the ▁S ale ▁of ▁D unk irk . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Paris ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 1 , ▁leaving ▁mem oir s . ▁His ▁friend ▁Ar na uld ▁de ▁Pom pon ne ▁replaced ▁him ▁as ▁secretary ▁of ▁State . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁man ▁of ▁pleasure , ▁but ▁his ▁natural ▁ind ol ence ▁gave ▁place ▁to ▁an ▁un flag ging ▁energy ▁when ▁the ▁occasion ▁demanded ▁it ; ▁and , ▁in ▁an ▁age ▁of ▁great ▁minister s , ▁his ▁consum mate ▁states mans hip ▁placed ▁him ▁in ▁the ▁front ▁rank . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁his ▁sons , ▁Art us ▁de ▁Lion ne , ▁became ▁a ▁mission ary ▁of ▁the ▁Paris ▁Foreign ▁Miss