▁from ▁municipal ▁courts ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 3 . ▁All ▁eight y ▁men ▁who ▁compr ised ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁Chicago ▁Police ▁department ▁were ▁native ▁born . ▁ ▁Events ▁Despite ▁the ▁renew ed ▁enfor cement ▁of ▁Chicago ' s ▁liqu or ▁ordin ance , ▁ta vern ▁own ers ▁continued ▁to ▁sell ▁be er ▁on ▁Sund ays . ▁That ▁resulted ▁in ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁Germ ans ▁being ▁arrested ▁in ▁viol ation ▁of ▁both ▁the ▁license ▁and ▁the ▁Sunday ▁ordin ances . ▁The ▁numerous ▁arr ests ▁lead ▁to ▁the ▁sched uling ▁of ▁a ▁test ▁case ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁of ▁April . ▁Sal oon ▁keep ers ▁" dec ided ▁to ▁un ite ▁for ▁defense ▁and ▁resistance , ▁[ and ] ▁contributed ▁toward ▁a ▁common ▁fund ▁and ▁coun sel ▁to ▁represent ▁all ." ▁ ▁Robin ▁Ein horn ▁arg ues ▁that ▁the ▁sched uling ▁of ▁such ▁an ▁event , ▁" in ▁effect , ▁scheduled ▁the ▁ri ot ." ▁Protest ers ▁cl ashed ▁with ▁police ▁near ▁the ▁Cook ▁County ▁Court ▁House . ▁W aves ▁of ▁angry ▁imm igr ants ▁storm ed ▁the ▁dow nt own ▁area . ▁" As ▁the ▁march ers , ▁coming ▁from ▁the ▁north ▁with ▁f ife ▁and ▁drum , ▁approached ▁the ▁Chicago ▁River ▁at ▁Clark ▁Street ," ▁the ▁mayor ▁ordered ▁the ▁swing ▁brid ges ▁opened ▁to ▁stop ▁further ▁waves ▁of ▁protest ors ▁from ▁crossing ▁the ▁river . ▁This ▁left ▁some ▁tra pped ▁on ▁the ▁brid ges , ▁police ▁then ▁fired ▁sh ots ▁at ▁protest ers ▁stuck ▁on ▁the