▁en act ed ▁a ▁new ▁code ▁meant ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁impossible ▁for ▁Jews ▁to ▁remain ▁in ▁Spain . ▁These ▁laws ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁un pop ular , ▁and ▁were ▁resist ed ▁by ▁both ▁Jews ▁and ▁Christians ▁al ike . ▁ ▁Despite ▁these ▁per sec utions , ▁Jews ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁help ▁Muslim ▁inv aders ▁capture ▁Spain , ▁ending ▁Vis ig oth ic ▁rule . ▁ ▁Germany ▁ ▁Jewish ▁migration ▁from ▁Roman ▁Italy ▁is ▁considered ▁the ▁most ▁likely ▁source ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Jews ▁on ▁German ▁territory . ▁While ▁the ▁date ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁settlement ▁of ▁Jews ▁in ▁the ▁regions ▁which ▁the ▁Rom ans ▁called ▁Germania ▁Super ior , ▁Germania ▁In fer ior , ▁and ▁Mag na ▁Germania ▁is ▁not ▁known , ▁the ▁first ▁authentic ▁documents ▁rel ating ▁to ▁a ▁large ▁and ▁well - organ ized ▁Jewish ▁community ▁in ▁these ▁regions ▁date ▁from ▁ 3 2 1 ▁and ▁refers ▁to ▁C ologne ▁on ▁the ▁Rh ine . ▁These ▁documents ▁stated ▁that ▁Jews ▁could ▁be ▁called ▁to ▁the ▁Cur ia ▁and ▁ow ed ▁tax es ▁to ▁Rome , ▁and ▁that ▁Jewish ▁religious ▁leaders ▁were ▁ex empt ▁from ▁cur ial ▁service , ▁sign alling ▁that ▁a ▁uniqu ely ▁Jewish ▁community , ▁prosper ous ▁enough ▁to ▁be ▁tax ed , ▁had ▁existed ▁in ▁C ologne ▁for ▁some ▁time . ▁During ▁the ▁Carol ing ian ▁period , ▁Jews ▁had ▁a ▁vital ▁function ▁as ▁im por ters ▁of ▁goods ▁from ▁the ▁East , ▁and ▁their ▁laws ▁and ▁custom s ▁were ▁generally ▁toler ated , ▁although ▁they ▁were ▁not ▁allowed ▁to