▁been ▁involved ▁in ▁establish ing ▁nine . ▁Carl ▁August us ▁Rud is ill ▁( 1 8 8 4 – 1 9 7 9 ) ▁began ▁work ▁as ▁a ▁do f fer ▁boy ▁in ▁Cher ry ville , ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁at ▁ten ▁c ents ▁a ▁day . ▁He ▁was ▁super int endent ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Creek ▁Man ufact uring ▁Company ▁by ▁ 1 9 0 7 , ▁and ▁later ▁developed ▁the ▁Carl ton ▁Y arn ▁M ills ▁into ▁a ▁major ▁operation . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Carolina ▁legisl ature ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁ ▁Early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁ ▁Netherlands ▁Tow ards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁do ff ers ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁were ▁mostly ▁boys ▁of ▁about ▁ 1 2 ▁years ▁of ▁age , ▁who ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁had ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁school ▁for ▁a ▁few ▁hours ▁each ▁day . ▁They ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁team ▁head ed ▁by ▁a ▁" m inder ", ▁who ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁running ▁two ▁m ules , ▁and ▁including ▁a ▁" big ▁pie cer " ▁and ▁a ▁" l ittle ▁pie cer ", ▁whose ▁main ▁job ▁was ▁to ▁re join ▁broken ▁threads . ▁Ar ound ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁self - act ing ▁m ules ▁were ▁introduced ▁from ▁Germany , ▁which ▁were ▁simpler ▁to ▁operate . ▁The ▁team ▁was ▁reduced ▁to ▁one ▁sp inner ▁and ▁one ▁pie cer , ▁with ▁the