ian ▁territory ▁by ▁December ▁ 1 9 1 6 . ▁The ▁Roman ian ▁government ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁retre at ▁to ▁I a și , ▁in ▁the ▁historical ▁region ▁of ▁Mold avia , ▁but ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁st ave ▁off ▁complete ▁collapse ▁thanks ▁to ▁the ▁numerous ▁Russian ▁rein for c ements ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁sent ▁to ▁Roman ia ▁to ▁prevent ▁a ▁Central ▁Power ▁invasion ▁of ▁southern ▁Russia ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁and ▁later , ▁in ▁spite ▁of ▁the ▁unw illing ness ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁troops ▁to ▁continue ▁fighting , ▁thanks ▁to ▁the ▁successful ▁rep ulse ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Pow ers ' ▁off ensive ▁at ▁M ăr ă ș e ști ▁and ▁O itu z . ▁ ▁Tru ce ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁October ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁Russia ▁fell ▁into ▁civil ▁war , ▁and ▁the ▁Russian ▁government ▁began ▁withdraw ing ▁its ▁troops ▁from ▁Roman ia . ▁On ▁December ▁ 4 ▁and ▁December ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁the ▁Rus si ans ▁signed ▁two ▁ce ase fire ▁agre ements ▁with ▁the ▁Central ▁Pow ers , ▁followed ▁later ▁( on ▁December ▁ 1 5 ) ▁by ▁a ▁full ▁arm ist ice ▁and , ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁Leon ▁T rot sky ▁and ▁Ad olph ▁J off e , ▁peace ▁negoti ations ▁with ▁the ▁Central ▁Pow ers ▁in ▁Br est - L it ov sk . ▁The ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Br est - L it ov sk ▁made ▁Roman ia ▁ge ograph ically ▁exposed