ie ▁pop ▁music ▁created ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁New ▁Zealand ▁university ▁city ▁of ▁Dun ed in ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁ ▁Character istics ▁Similar ▁in ▁many ▁ways ▁to ▁the ▁traditional ▁ind ie ▁pop ▁sound , ▁the ▁Dun ed in ▁sound ▁uses ▁" j ingly ▁j ang ly " ▁guitar - play ing , ▁minimal ▁bass ▁lines ▁and ▁loose ▁drum ming . ▁Key boards ▁are ▁also ▁pre val ent . ▁Prim itive ▁recording ▁techniques ▁and ▁occasionally ▁hard - to - under stand ▁vocal ▁accompan iment ▁give ▁this ▁genre ▁a ▁lo - fi ▁sound ▁that ▁has ▁ende ared ▁it ▁to ▁university ▁students ▁world wide . ▁ ▁In flu ences ▁The ▁Dun ed in ▁sound ▁can ▁be ▁trac ed ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁emer gence ▁of ▁punk ▁rock ▁as ▁a ▁musical ▁influence ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁Is ol ated ▁from ▁the ▁country ' s ▁main ▁punk ▁scene ▁in ▁A uck land ▁( which ▁had ▁been ▁influenced ▁by ▁bands ▁such ▁as ▁England ' s ▁B uzz co cks ), ▁Dun ed in ' s ▁punk ▁groups , ▁such ▁as ▁The ▁En emy ▁( which ▁became ▁Toy ▁Love ) ▁and ▁The ▁Same ▁( which ▁later ▁developed ▁into ▁The ▁Ch ills ), ▁developed ▁a ▁sound ▁more ▁heavily ▁influenced ▁by ▁artists ▁like ▁The ▁Vel vet ▁Under ground ▁and ▁The ▁Sto og es . ▁This ▁was ▁complement ed ▁by ▁j ang ly , ▁psych ed el ic - infl uen ced ▁guitar ▁work ▁rem in is cent ▁of