ids . ▁ ▁Historical ▁identity ▁and ▁location ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁un ambigu ous ▁evidence ▁of ▁the ▁Par ni ▁in ▁native ▁Iran ian ▁language ▁sources , cf . ▁ ▁and ▁all ▁references ▁to ▁these ▁people ▁comes ▁from ▁Greek ▁and ▁Latin ▁accounts . ▁In ▁these ▁accounts , ▁which ▁are ▁not ▁necessarily ▁contempor aneous , ▁it ▁is ▁difficult ▁to ▁un ambigu ously ▁identify ▁references ▁to ▁the ▁Par ni ▁due ▁to ▁incons ist ency ▁of ▁Greek / Lat in ▁naming ▁and ▁transl iter ation , ▁and / or ▁the ▁similarity ▁to ▁names ▁of ▁other ▁tribes ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁S par ni ▁or ▁A part ani ▁and ▁the ▁E par no i ▁or ▁As par io i . ▁It ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁that ▁the ▁Par ni ▁are ▁related ▁to ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁of ▁these ▁other ▁tribes , ▁and ▁that ▁" the ir ▁original ▁hom eland ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁southern ▁Russia ▁from ▁where ▁they ▁em igr ated ▁with ▁other ▁S cy th ian ▁tribes ." ▁ ▁The ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁Par ni ▁D ah ae ▁immediately ▁south - east ▁of ▁the ▁C asp ian ▁Sea ▁was ▁derived ▁from ▁by ▁Stra bo ' s ▁Ge ograph ica ▁( Book ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 st ▁century ▁B CE ). ▁The ▁eth n onym ▁of ▁the ▁D ah ae ▁was ▁the ▁root ▁of ▁the ▁later ▁pla c ename ▁D ah est an ▁or ▁Di h istan ▁– ▁a ▁region ▁str add ling ▁the ▁present ▁regions ▁of ▁ ▁Turk men istan ▁and ▁Iran . ▁So ▁little ▁is ▁known ▁of ▁the ▁D