▁Spec ification ▁Language ▁is ▁a ▁general ▁logic - based ▁specification ▁language ▁developed ▁within ▁the ▁I FI P ▁working ▁group ▁ 1 . 3 ▁" Found ations ▁of ▁System ▁Spec ifications " ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁de ▁fact o ▁standard ▁language ▁for ▁software ▁specific ations . ▁It ▁is ▁now ▁being ▁applied ▁to ▁ont ology ▁specific ations ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁provide ▁mod ular ity ▁and ▁struct uring ▁mechan isms . ▁ ▁Common ▁logic ▁is ▁ISO ▁standard ▁ 2 4 7 0 7 , ▁a ▁specification ▁of ▁a ▁family ▁of ▁ont ology ▁languages ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁accur ately ▁translated ▁into ▁each ▁other . ▁ ▁The ▁Cy c ▁project ▁has ▁its ▁own ▁ont ology ▁language ▁called ▁Cy c L , ▁based ▁on ▁first - order ▁predicate ▁calculus ▁with ▁some ▁higher - order ▁extensions . ▁ ▁DO G MA ▁( Develop ing ▁Ont ology - Gr ounded ▁Method s ▁and ▁App lications ) ▁adopt s ▁the ▁fact - orient ed ▁model ing ▁approach ▁to ▁provide ▁a ▁higher ▁level ▁of ▁semantic ▁stability . ▁ ▁The ▁G ell ish ▁language ▁includes ▁rules ▁for ▁its ▁own ▁extension ▁and ▁thus ▁integr ates ▁an ▁ont ology ▁with ▁an ▁ont ology ▁language . ▁ ▁IDE F 5 ▁is ▁a ▁software ▁engineering ▁method ▁to ▁develop ▁and ▁maintain ▁us able , ▁accurate , ▁domain ▁ont ologies . ▁ ▁K IF ▁is ▁a ▁syntax ▁for ▁first - order ▁logic ▁that ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁S - express ions . ▁ ▁SU O - K IF ▁is ▁a ▁derivative ▁version ▁supporting ▁the ▁S ugg ested ▁Upper ▁Mer ged ▁Ont ology