▁" nig g ard ly ", ▁pay ing ▁little ▁attention ▁to ▁hon oring ▁" the ir ▁celebrated ▁coun tr ymen ", ▁an ▁accus ation ▁that ▁is ▁unf ounded ▁since ▁Ludwig ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁Muslim ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁speaking ▁in ▁terms ▁that ▁fits ▁his ▁western ▁cultural ▁interests . ▁However , ▁the ▁destruction ▁did ▁not ▁prevent ▁residents ▁from ▁performing ▁their ▁rit uals . ▁ ▁The ▁Ott oman ▁Sultan ▁Mah m ud ▁II , ▁ordered ▁the ▁governor ▁of ▁Egypt , ▁Muhammad ▁Ali ▁P asha , ▁to ▁re take ▁the ▁territ ories ▁controlled ▁by ▁the ▁Sa ud is , ▁starting ▁the ▁Ott oman – W ah hab i ▁War . ▁Muhammad ▁Ali ▁P asha ' s ▁son , ▁I bra him ▁P asha , ▁defeated ▁the ▁cl ans ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Di ri y ah ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 8 . ▁By ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁Sultan ▁Mah m ud ▁II ▁the ▁Ott om ans ▁( wh ose ▁cre ed ▁was ▁established ▁on ▁As c etic ism ▁and ▁Her et ical ▁practices ) ▁built ▁and ▁renov ated ▁buildings , ▁dom es , ▁and ▁mos ques ▁in ▁" spl end id ▁a est h etic ▁style " ▁from ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁to ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁contrary ▁to ▁authentic ▁Islam ic ▁teach ings . ▁Sir ▁Richard ▁Francis ▁Bur ton , ▁who ▁visited ▁Med ina ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 3 ▁ ▁dis gu ised ▁as ▁an ▁Afghan ▁Muslim ▁named ▁" Ab d ul lah ", ▁said ▁that ▁there ▁were ▁fifty - five ▁mos ques