ing ) ▁and ▁also ▁for ▁solic ited ▁by stand er ▁affili ation , ▁in ▁which ▁there ▁is ▁post - conf lict ▁affili ation ▁from ▁the ▁victim ▁to ▁the ▁by stand er . ▁This ▁indicates ▁that ▁ra vens ▁may ▁be ▁sensitive ▁to ▁the ▁emot ions ▁of ▁others , ▁however , ▁relationship ▁value ▁plays ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁pre val ence ▁and ▁function ▁of ▁these ▁post - conf lict ▁interactions . ▁ ▁The ▁capacity ▁of ▁domestic ▁h ens ▁to ▁experience ▁em path y ▁has ▁been ▁studied . ▁ ▁Mother ▁h ens ▁show ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁essential ▁under pin ning ▁attributes ▁of ▁em path y : ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁be ▁affected ▁by , ▁and ▁share , ▁the ▁emot ional ▁state ▁of ▁their ▁dist ress ed ▁ch icks . ▁ ▁However , ▁evidence ▁for ▁em path y ▁between ▁familiar ▁adult ▁h ens ▁has ▁not ▁yet ▁been ▁found . ▁ ▁D ogs ▁ ▁Some ▁research ▁indicates ▁that ▁domestic ▁dogs ▁may ▁experience ▁negative ▁emot ions ▁in ▁a ▁similar ▁manner ▁to ▁humans , ▁including ▁the ▁equivalent ▁of ▁certain ▁chron ic ▁and ▁ac ute ▁psych ological ▁conditions . ▁Much ▁of ▁this ▁is ▁from ▁studies ▁by ▁Martin ▁Sel ig man ▁on ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁learned ▁hel pl ess ness ▁as ▁an ▁extension ▁of ▁his ▁interest ▁in ▁de pression : ▁ ▁A ▁further ▁series ▁of ▁experiments ▁showed ▁that , ▁similar ▁to ▁humans , ▁under ▁conditions ▁of ▁long - term ▁inten se ▁psych ological ▁stress , ▁around ▁one ▁third ▁of ▁dogs ▁do ▁not ▁develop ▁learned ▁hel pl ess ness ▁or ▁long - term