ating ▁each ▁pir ated ▁copy ▁as ▁a ▁lost ▁sale , ▁and ▁using ▁an ▁estimate ▁for ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁pir ated ▁copies ▁in ▁existence , ▁multip lied ▁by ▁their ▁ret ail ▁value , ▁as ▁tang ible ▁loss ▁of ▁prof its ▁by ▁the ▁industry ▁has ▁been ▁called ▁dispar aging ly ▁" copy right ▁math " ▁( a ▁term ▁co ined ▁by ▁writer ▁Robert ▁Re id ) ▁that ▁leads ▁to ▁over est imation ▁of ▁the ▁content ▁industry ▁losses . ▁In ▁academic ▁literature ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁cons ensus ▁that ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁pi racy ▁is ▁clearly ▁correl ated ▁with ▁reduction ▁of ▁re venue ▁of ▁sales ▁of ▁the ▁pir ated ▁product , ▁and ▁estimates ▁of ▁lost ▁sales ▁have ▁been ▁similarly ▁critic ized , ▁with ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁U . S . ▁government ▁report ▁not ing ▁that ▁many ▁commonly ▁c ited ▁figures ▁cannot ▁be ▁subst anti ated . ▁Similarly , ▁estimates ▁of ▁lost ▁sales ▁translated ▁to ▁concepts ▁such ▁as ▁lost ▁jobs ▁or ▁reduction ▁in ▁individual ▁or ▁national ▁in comes ▁have ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁be ▁highly ▁problem atic . ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁court ▁case , ▁United ▁States ▁v . ▁D ove , ▁ruled ▁that ▁the ▁content ▁industry ▁equation ▁of ▁lost ▁sales ▁with ▁illegal ▁download s ▁is ▁not ▁valid , ▁with ▁the ▁judge ▁not ing ▁" Th ose ▁who ▁download ▁mov ies ▁and ▁music ▁for ▁free ▁would ▁not ▁necessarily ▁purchase ▁those ▁mov ies ▁and ▁music ▁at ▁the ▁full ▁purchase ▁price ... ▁although ▁it ▁is ▁true ▁that ▁someone ▁who ▁copies ▁a ▁digital ▁version ▁of ▁a