, ▁and ▁dark ▁ir ises . ▁ ▁Con ver gent ▁evolution ▁in ▁pl um age ▁between ▁a ▁larger ▁and ▁a ▁smaller ▁species ▁is ▁also ▁found ▁among ▁other ▁wood pe ck ers , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁North ▁American ▁down y ▁wood pe cker ▁(" P ico ides " ▁pub esc ens ) ▁and ▁hair y ▁wood pe cker ▁(" P ." ▁vill os us ), ▁the ▁tropical ▁American ▁sm ok y - b rown ▁wood pe cker ▁(" P ." ▁f um ig atus ) ▁and ▁certain ▁Ven ili orn is ▁species , ▁or ▁the ▁strip ed ▁wood pe cker ▁( V . ▁l ign arius ) ▁and ▁check ered ▁wood pe cker ▁( V . ▁mi xt us ) ▁and ▁some ▁South ▁American ▁P icul us ▁and ▁" P ico ides ". ▁In ▁all ▁of ▁these ▁cases , ▁these ▁birds ▁are ▁neither ▁gre g ari ous ▁nor ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁bad - t ast ing , ▁and ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁size ▁difference ▁and ▁habitat ▁prefer ences ▁do ▁not ▁comp ete ▁much ; ▁hence ▁the ▁usual ▁reasons ▁for ▁m im ic ry ▁do ▁not ▁seem ▁to ▁apply . ▁While ▁the ▁similar ▁pl um age ▁may ▁be ▁due ▁to ▁she er ▁chance ▁– ▁perhaps ▁as ▁an ▁at av ism ▁of ▁pl esi omorphic ▁patterns ▁– ▁the ▁facts ▁that ▁such ▁cases ▁are ▁common place ▁in ▁the ▁Pic inae ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁species ▁involved ▁are ▁usually ▁sym pat ric ▁suggests ▁that ▁there ▁may ▁well ▁be ▁some ▁as ▁yet ▁und isc over ed ▁benefit ▁to ▁either ▁or ▁all