▁be ▁detected ▁by ▁looking ▁at ▁increases ▁in ▁gene ▁duplicates . ▁ ▁A ▁good ▁example ▁of ▁using ▁gene ▁redund ancy ▁in ▁evolution ary ▁studies ▁is ▁the ▁E volution ▁of ▁the ▁K CS ▁gene ▁family ▁in ▁plants . ▁This ▁paper ▁studies ▁how ▁one ▁K CS ▁gene ▁evol ved ▁into ▁an ▁entire ▁gene ▁family ▁via ▁dup lication ▁events . ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁redundant ▁gen es ▁in ▁the ▁species ▁allows ▁research ers ▁to ▁determine ▁when ▁dup lication ▁events ▁took ▁place ▁and ▁how ▁closely ▁related ▁species ▁are . ▁ ▁Loc ating ▁and ▁Character izing ▁Red und ant ▁Gen es ▁ ▁Currently , ▁there ▁are ▁three ▁ways ▁to ▁detect ▁par al ogs ▁in ▁a ▁known ▁genom ic ▁sequence : ▁simple ▁hom ology ▁( FA ST A ), ▁gene ▁family ▁evolution ▁( Tree F am ) ▁and ▁orth ology ▁( eg g NO G ▁v 3 ). ▁Since ▁the ▁Human ▁Gen ome ▁Project ' s ▁completion , ▁research ers ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁annot ate ▁the ▁human ▁gen ome ▁much ▁more ▁easily . ▁Using ▁online ▁databases ▁like ▁the ▁Gen ome ▁Browser ▁at ▁U C SC , ▁research ers ▁can ▁look ▁for ▁hom ology ▁in ▁the ▁sequence ▁of ▁their ▁gene ▁of ▁interest . ▁ ▁Human ▁Red und ant ▁Gen es ▁ ▁Ol factory ▁Re cept ors ▁ ▁The ▁Human ▁Ol factory ▁Re ceptor ▁( OR ) ▁gene ▁family ▁contains ▁ 3 3 9 ▁int act ▁gen es ▁and ▁ 2 9 7 ▁pseud ogen es . ▁These ▁gen es ▁are ▁found ▁in ▁different ▁locations ▁throughout ▁the ▁gen ome , ▁but ▁only ▁about