▁sho pping ▁cent ers ▁and ▁office ▁buildings ▁progress ed ▁p rag matically , ▁as ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁new ▁real ities , ▁led ▁by ▁real ▁estate ▁developers ▁and ▁business ▁entities ▁of ▁all ▁kinds . ▁Arch itect s ▁and ▁contract ors ▁learned ▁how ▁to ▁provide ▁the ▁needed ▁services , ▁often ▁producing ▁work ▁of ▁exception al ▁quality . ▁Product ▁manufact ur ers ▁and ▁their ▁supply ▁ch ains ▁began ▁introdu cing ▁suitable ▁products , ▁fabric ation ▁and ▁construction ▁methods . ▁New ▁standards ▁and ▁reg ulations ▁were ▁developed ▁to ▁match ▁the ▁new ▁real ities . ▁These ▁develop ments ▁were ▁international ▁in ▁scope , ▁crossing ▁economic , ▁political , ▁cultural ▁and ▁technical ▁boundaries . ▁ ▁As ide ▁from ▁these ▁two ▁building ▁types , ▁many ▁parties ▁– ▁public ▁and ▁private ▁– ▁now ▁ask ▁for ▁resident ial ▁open ▁building ▁on ▁a ▁regular ▁basis . ▁This ▁is ▁evident ▁in ▁Finland , ▁Poland , ▁Japan , ▁and ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁In ▁other ▁countries , ▁resident ial ▁open ▁building ▁– ▁known ▁by ▁many ▁names ▁– ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁recognized ▁as ▁something ▁unusual . ▁Ev idence ▁of ▁this ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Russia , ▁Switzerland , ▁Germany , ▁China ▁and ▁to ▁a ▁less er ▁extent ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁New ▁examples ▁of ▁housing ▁in ▁less - develop ed ▁econom ies , ▁designed ▁by ▁profession als ▁to ▁be ▁increment ally ▁upgrad ed ▁in ▁a ▁user - control led ▁process , ▁come ▁to ▁light ▁in ▁Chile , ▁Mexico , ▁and ▁South ▁Africa . ▁ ▁Main stream ing ▁of ▁open ▁building ▁is ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁press ures