as " ▁( R ak sh as ad hip ati ), ▁" L ord ▁of ▁Gu hy ak as " ▁( Gu hy ak ad hip a ), ▁" king ▁of ▁K inn ar as " ( K inn ar ar aja ), ▁" king ▁of ▁animals ▁res emb ling ▁men " ▁( May ur aja ), ▁and ▁" king ▁of ▁men " ▁( N ar ar aja ). ▁Kub era ▁is ▁also ▁called ▁Gu hy ad hip a ▁(" L ord ▁of ▁the ▁hidden "). ▁The ▁Ath ar v av eda ▁calls ▁him ▁the ▁" god ▁of ▁hiding ". ▁ ▁Ch anging ▁status ▁and ▁family ▁ ▁Early ▁descri ptions ▁and ▁parent age ▁In ▁the ▁Ath ar v av eda — where ▁he ▁first ▁appears — and ▁the ▁Sh at ap ath a ▁Bra h mana , ▁Kub era ▁is ▁the ▁chief ▁of ▁evil ▁spirits ▁or ▁spirits ▁of ▁darkness , ▁and ▁son ▁of ▁Va ish rav ana . ▁The ▁Sh at ap ath a ▁Bra h mana ▁calls ▁him ▁the ▁Lord ▁of ▁th ieves ▁and ▁crim inals . ▁In ▁the ▁Man us m rit i , ▁he ▁becomes ▁a ▁respect able ▁L oka - p ala ▁(" world ▁prote ctor ") ▁and ▁the ▁patron ▁of ▁mer ch ants . ▁In ▁the ▁ep ic ▁Mah ab har ata , ▁Kub era ▁is ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Pra j ap ati ▁Pul ast ya ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Id av ida ▁and ▁the ▁brother ▁of ▁s age ▁V ish ra va . ▁Kub era ▁is