▁as ▁cry ogen ic ▁O 2 ▁storage ▁systems . ▁This ▁ups ▁the ▁efficiency ▁of ▁the ▁calci um ▁looping ▁technology ▁by ▁increasing ▁the ▁energy ▁density ▁by ▁ 5 7 . 4 %, ▁making ▁the ▁already ▁low ▁energy ▁pen alt ies ▁even ▁less ▁of ▁an ▁issue . ▁ ▁Cal ci um ▁looping ▁already ▁has ▁an ▁energy ▁advantage ▁over ▁am ine ▁scr ub bing , ▁but ▁the ▁main ▁problem ▁is ▁that ▁am ine ▁scr ub bing ▁is ▁the ▁more ▁market - ready ▁technology . ▁However , ▁the ▁accomp any ing ▁infrastr ucture ▁for ▁am ine ▁scr ub bing ▁include ▁large ▁sol vent ▁scr ub bing ▁to wers , ▁the ▁lik es ▁of ▁which ▁have ▁never ▁been ▁used ▁on ▁an ▁industrial ▁scale . ▁The ▁accomp any ing ▁infrastr ucture ▁for ▁calci um ▁looping ▁capture ▁techn ologies ▁are ▁circul ating ▁fluid ized ▁b eds , ▁which ▁have ▁already ▁been ▁implemented ▁on ▁an ▁industrial ▁scale . ▁Although ▁the ▁individual ▁techn ologies ▁differ ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁current ▁techn ological ▁vi ability , ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁the ▁infrastr ucture ▁needed ▁to ▁properly ▁implement ▁an ▁am ine ▁scr ub bing ▁system ▁has ▁yet ▁to ▁be ▁developed ▁keeps ▁calci um ▁looping ▁compet itive ▁from ▁a ▁vi ability ▁stand point . ▁ ▁Sample ▁evaluation ▁ ▁Ass um ptions ▁▁▁ ▁For ▁a ▁Ca - loop ing ▁cycle ▁installed ▁on ▁a ▁ 5 0 0 ▁M W ▁power ▁plant , ▁the ▁pur ge ▁rate ▁is ▁ 1 2 . 6   kg ▁Ca O / s . ▁▁ ▁For ▁the ▁c ement ▁production ▁process , ▁