▁d ots . ▁Young ▁birds ▁are ▁like ▁the ▁female , ▁but ▁d ull er , ▁with ▁brown ▁ir ides . ▁ ▁Similar ▁species ▁ ▁White - and - black - head ed ▁greater ▁fl ame back ▁sub species ▁res emble ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁three - to ed ▁Din op ium ▁fl ame back s , ▁but ▁are ▁not ▁particularly ▁closely ▁related . ▁Un like ▁the ▁black - r ump ed ▁fl ame back ▁( D . ▁b eng hal ense ) ▁and ▁the ▁common ▁fl ame back ▁( D . ▁jav an ense ), ▁the ▁greater ▁fl ame back ' s ▁dark ▁m oust ache ▁stri pes ▁are ▁divided ▁by ▁white ▁( making ▁them ▁incon sp ic uous ▁at ▁a ▁distance ); ▁except ▁in ▁str ick land i , ▁their ▁h ind ne ck ▁is ▁white ▁( not ▁black ), ▁and ▁even ▁in ▁the ▁Sri ▁L ank an ▁birds ▁the ▁dark ▁colour ▁does ▁not ▁extend ▁to ▁between ▁the ▁shoulders ▁as ▁it ▁does ▁in ▁Din op ium ; ▁consequ ently , ▁when ▁seen ▁from ▁behind ▁the ▁black - and - white - head ed ▁greater ▁fl ame back s ▁outside ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁show ▁a ▁white ▁neck ▁border ed ▁with ▁black ▁on ▁the ▁sides , ▁while ▁the ▁Din op ium ▁species ▁have ▁a ▁black ▁neck ▁and ▁upper ▁back , ▁with ▁thin ▁white ▁borders ▁to ▁the ▁neck . ▁Those ▁fl ame back s ▁are ▁also ▁smaller ▁( though ▁this ▁is ▁only ▁reliable ▁in ▁direct ▁comparison ), ▁have ▁a ▁bill ▁that ▁is ▁shorter ▁than ▁the ▁head