ian ▁versus ▁d yst op ian ▁spectrum ▁used ▁in ▁some ▁theoretical ▁assess ments ▁of ▁liberal ism ▁and ▁the ▁book ' s ▁title ▁is ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁the ▁anti - ut op ian ▁classic - li ber al ▁the or ist ▁Karl ▁Po pper . ▁It ▁could ▁also ▁be ▁seen ▁as ▁simply ▁another ▁name ▁for ▁conserv at ism ▁versus ▁progress iv ism . ▁ ▁Other ▁proposed ▁axes ▁include : ▁ ▁F ocus ▁of ▁political ▁concern : ▁commun itar ian ism ▁vs . ▁individual ism . ▁These ▁labels ▁are ▁preferred ▁to ▁the ▁loaded ▁language ▁of ▁" total itar ian ism " ▁( anti - fre edom ) ▁vs . ▁" li bert arian ism " ▁( pro - fre edom ), ▁because ▁one ▁can ▁have ▁a ▁political ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁community ▁without ▁being ▁total itar ian ▁and ▁und em ocr atic . ▁Council ▁commun ism ▁is ▁a ▁political ▁philosophy ▁that ▁would ▁be ▁counted ▁as ▁commun itar ian ▁on ▁this ▁axis , ▁but ▁is ▁not ▁total itar ian ▁or ▁und em ocr atic . ▁ ▁Res p ons es ▁to ▁conflict : ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁political ▁phil os opher ▁Charles ▁Bl att berg , ▁those ▁who ▁would ▁respond ▁to ▁conflict ▁with ▁conversation ▁should ▁be ▁considered ▁as ▁on ▁the ▁left , ▁with ▁neg ot iation ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁centre , ▁and ▁with ▁force ▁as ▁on ▁the ▁right . ▁See ▁his ▁ess ay ▁" Pol it ical ▁Philosoph ies ▁and ▁Political ▁Ide ologies ". ▁ ▁Ro le ▁of ▁the ▁church : ▁cler ical ism ▁vs