▁temp us ▁is ▁a ▁legacy ▁of ▁British ▁law , ▁d ating ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁time ▁as ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁British ▁colon ies . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁recognized ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁as ▁a ▁valid ▁legal ▁doctrine ▁since ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 8 7 8 . ▁ ▁Many ▁states ▁within ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁have ▁court ▁opinions ▁or ▁laws ▁that ▁mention ▁or ▁del ine ate ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁null um ▁temp us . ▁The ▁frequency ▁of ▁such ▁court ▁r ul ings ▁or ▁laws , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁its ▁applic ability ▁or ▁limitations , ▁vary ▁by ▁state . ▁ ▁Null um ▁temp us ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁applicable ▁in ▁ 1 2 ▁states . ▁Of ▁those ▁ 1 2 ▁states , ▁Connecticut , ▁Georgia , ▁Minnesota , ▁Missouri , ▁Mont ana ▁and ▁North ▁Dak ota ▁abol ished ▁the ▁doctrine ▁via ▁legisl ation , ▁while ▁Arizona , ▁Colorado , ▁Nev ada , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁South ▁Carolina ▁abol ished ▁it ▁via ▁a ▁court ▁r uling ▁▁ ▁The ▁applic ability ▁of ▁null um ▁temp us ▁in ▁Tennessee ▁is ▁unclear , ▁and ▁Al aska ' s ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁has ▁never ▁addressed , ▁discussed ▁or ▁otherwise ▁mentioned ▁null um ▁temp us ▁in ▁its ▁r ul ings . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Donald ▁W . ▁S uther land , ▁Qu o ▁W arr anto ▁Pro ceed ings ▁in ▁the ▁Re ign ▁of ▁Edward ▁I , ▁ 1 2 7 8 - 1 2 9 4 ▁( O x ford ; ▁Clar end on ▁Press , ▁