ries ▁must ▁be ▁pert inent ▁to ▁the ▁subject ▁matter ▁area ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁author ized ▁for ▁investigation . ▁ ▁The ▁Court ▁held ▁in ▁East land ▁v . ▁United ▁States ▁Serv ic emen ' s ▁Fund ▁that ▁Cong r essional ▁sub po enas ▁are ▁within ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁the ▁Spe ech ▁and ▁Deb ate ▁clause ▁which ▁provides ▁" an ▁absolute ▁bar ▁to ▁jud icial ▁inter ference " ▁once ▁it ▁is ▁determined ▁that ▁M embers ▁are ▁acting ▁within ▁the ▁" leg it imate ▁legisl ative ▁sphere " ▁with ▁such ▁comp uls ory ▁process . ▁Under ▁that ▁r uling , ▁courts ▁generally ▁do ▁not ▁hear ▁mot ions ▁to ▁qu ash ▁Cong r essional ▁sub po enas ; ▁even ▁when ▁executive ▁branch ▁officials ▁refuse ▁to ▁comp ly , ▁courts ▁tend ▁to ▁rule ▁that ▁such ▁matters ▁are ▁" polit ical ▁questions " ▁un su itable ▁for ▁jud icial ▁rem edy . ▁In ▁fact , ▁many ▁legal ▁rights ▁usually ▁associated ▁with ▁a ▁jud icial ▁sub po ena ▁do ▁not ▁apply ▁to ▁a ▁Cong r essional ▁sub po ena . ▁For ▁example , ▁att orney - client ▁privile ge ▁and ▁information ▁that ▁is ▁normally ▁protected ▁under ▁the ▁Trade ▁Sec rets ▁Act ▁do ▁not ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁recognized . ▁ ▁Pro ced ures ▁Following ▁the ▁ref us al ▁of ▁a ▁witness ▁to ▁produce ▁documents ▁or ▁to ▁test ify , ▁the ▁Committee ▁is ▁entitled ▁to ▁report ▁a ▁resolution ▁of ▁cont empt ▁to ▁its ▁parent ▁chamber . ▁A ▁Committee ▁may ▁also ▁c ite ▁a ▁person ▁for ▁cont empt ▁but ▁not ▁immediately ▁report ▁the