- t - r - ta ʔ as ▁( IND IC - I - CO LL - b ite ) ▁→ ▁t ac ca ʔ as ▁' I ▁bit ▁them ' ▁▁ ▁changes ▁to ▁ ▁before ▁: ▁ ▁ti - ʔ ak - t ari yar - ic ▁( IND IC - PL - cut . random ly - re pe ated ly ) ▁→ ▁ta ʔ ast ari yar ic ▁' he ▁but cher ed ▁them ' ▁ ▁, ▁, ▁and ▁ ▁change ▁to ▁ ▁after ▁ ▁or ▁: ▁ ▁ich ir is - ye : cke ʔ e : k ʔ a ▁( bird - ember ) ▁→ ▁ich ir isse : cke ʔ e : k ʔ a ▁' red bird ' ▁ ▁V ow els ▁ ▁W ich ita ▁has ▁either ▁three ▁or ▁four ▁v ow els , ▁depending ▁on ▁analysis : ▁ ▁These ▁are ▁trans cribed ▁as ▁. ▁ ▁Word - final ▁v ow els ▁are ▁de vo iced . ▁ ▁Though ▁Ro od ▁emp lo ys ▁the ▁letter ▁ ▁in ▁his ▁trans cri ptions , ▁Gar vin ▁instead ▁uses ▁, ▁and ▁as ser ts ▁that ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁separate ▁ph on eme . ▁However , ▁considering ▁the ▁im prec ision ▁in ▁v owel ▁sound ▁art ic ulation , ▁what ▁is ▁likely ▁important ▁about ▁these ▁trans cri ptions ▁is ▁that ▁they ▁att est ▁to ▁a ▁back ▁v owel ▁that ▁is ▁not ▁low . ▁ ▁Taylor ▁uses ▁Gar vin ' s ▁trans cription ▁in ▁his ▁analysis , ▁but ▁the