elling : ▁The ▁World ▁Bank ▁Institute ▁advert ises ▁its ▁W G Is ▁as ▁" re li able ▁measurements ▁of ▁govern ance ", ▁but ▁for ▁example ▁gives ▁the ▁mis leading ▁impression ▁that ▁the ▁views ▁of ▁ordinary ▁citizens ▁are ▁well ▁represented , ▁making ▁the ▁indic ators ▁particularly ▁attract ive ▁to ▁don or ▁ag encies ▁concerned ▁about ▁the ▁poor . ▁W BI ▁heavily ▁str essed ▁inclusion ▁of ▁the ▁Gall up ▁World ▁Pol l , ▁a ▁cross - country ▁household ▁survey ▁available ▁for ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁countries , ▁but ▁Gall up ’ s ▁World ▁Pol l ▁gets ▁zero ▁weight ▁on ▁two ▁W G Is , ▁marg inal ▁weight ▁on ▁two ▁other ▁W G Is ▁and ▁provides ▁no ▁data ▁for ▁the ▁remaining ▁two . ▁ ▁L ack ▁of ▁concept ual ▁clar ity : ▁ ▁“ [ T ] he ▁six ▁govern ance ▁indic ators ▁measure ▁a ▁broad ▁underlying ▁concept ▁of ▁‘ effect ive ▁govern ance ’ ▁… ▁ ▁they ▁appear ▁to ▁say ▁the ▁same ▁thing , ▁with ▁different ▁words ▁… ▁ ▁the ▁six ▁indexes ▁do ▁not ▁disc rim inate ▁use fully ▁among ▁different ▁aspects ▁of ▁govern ance . ▁R ather , ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁indexes ▁– ▁whatever ▁its ▁label ▁– ▁merely ▁reflect s ▁per ception s ▁of ▁the ▁quality ▁of ▁govern ance ▁more ▁broad ly . ▁An ▁imp lication ▁is ▁that ▁they ▁may ▁have ▁limited ▁use ▁as ▁gu ides ▁for ▁polic ym akers , ▁and ▁for ▁academic ▁studies ▁of ▁the ▁causes ▁and ▁consequences ▁of ▁‘ good ▁govern ance ’ ▁as ▁well … ▁their ▁avail ability ▁may ▁well