i . ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁the ▁Du val ier ▁family ▁re igned ▁as ▁dict ators . ▁They ▁created ▁the ▁private ▁army ▁and ▁terror ist ▁death ▁squad s ▁known ▁as ▁T ont on ▁Mac out es . ▁Many ▁H ait ians ▁fled ▁to ▁ex ile ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada , ▁especially ▁French - spe aking ▁Quebec . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Canadian ▁census , ▁nearly ▁ 4 4 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁described ▁themselves ▁as ▁being ▁of ▁H ait ian ▁origin . ▁By ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Canada ▁had ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁residents ▁of ▁H ait ian ▁origin . ▁ ▁Canadian ▁operations ▁in ▁H ait i ▁A ▁list ▁of ▁Canadian ▁operations ▁in ▁H ait i ▁follows : ▁ ▁Operation ▁H OR AT IO ▁World ▁Food ▁Program me , ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁H ait i ▁ 2 0 0 4 - 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁H ait i ▁ 2 0 0 4 - 3 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁H ait i ▁ 2 0 0 4 - 2 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁H ait i ▁ 2 0 0 4 - 1 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁Operation ▁H AM LE T ▁United ▁Nations ▁St abil ization ▁Mission ▁in ▁H ait i ▁( MIN UST A H ), ▁August ▁ 2 0 0