ied ▁officials ▁without ▁functions . ▁ ▁T anz imat ▁Era ▁ 1 8 3 9 – 1 8 7 6 ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 3 9 , ▁the ▁H att - i ▁Sh ar if ▁pro clam ation ▁launched ▁the ▁T anz imat ▁( from ▁Arab ic : ▁ ت ن ظ ي م ▁tan ẓ ī m , ▁meaning ▁" organisation ") ▁( 1 8 3 9 – 7 6 ), ▁period . ▁Pre vious ▁to ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁the ▁firm ans , ▁the ▁property ▁of ▁all ▁persons ▁ban ished ▁or ▁condem ned ▁to ▁death ▁was ▁for fe ited ▁to ▁the ▁crown , ▁which ▁kept ▁a ▁s ord id ▁mot ive ▁for ▁acts ▁of ▁cruel ty ▁in ▁perpet ual ▁operation , ▁besides ▁encourag ing ▁a ▁host ▁of ▁v ile ▁Del ators . ▁The ▁second ▁fir man ▁removed ▁the ▁ancient ▁rights ▁of ▁Turkish ▁govern ors ▁to ▁condem n ▁men ▁to ▁instant ▁death ▁at ▁will ; ▁the ▁Pa ş as , ▁the ▁A ğ as , ▁and ▁other ▁officers ▁were ▁enjo ined ▁that ▁" they ▁should ▁not ▁pres ume ▁to ▁inf lict , ▁themselves , ▁the ▁pun ishment ▁of ▁death ▁on ▁any ▁man , ▁whether ▁R aya ▁or ▁Turk , ▁unless ▁author ized ▁by ▁a ▁legal ▁sentence ▁pron ounced ▁by ▁the ▁K adi , ▁and ▁regularly ▁signed ▁by ▁the ▁judge ." ▁ ▁The ▁T anz imat ▁re forms ▁did ▁not ▁halt ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁national ism ▁in ▁the ▁Dan ub ian ▁Princi pal ities ▁and ▁the ▁Princi p ality ▁of ▁Ser bia ,