ations ▁will ▁produce ▁behav iors ▁that ▁imp air ▁the ▁performance ▁of ▁their ▁sub ordinates ▁while ▁the ▁sub ordinates ▁themselves ▁produce ▁negative ▁behav iors . ▁This ▁mechanism ▁is ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁a ▁self - ful fill ing ▁prop he cy : ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁self - h eld ▁belief s ▁can ▁come ▁true ▁in ▁reality . ▁ ▁When ▁both ▁super visor ▁and ▁sub ordinate ▁notice ▁the ▁low ▁performance , ▁the ▁negative ▁expect ations ▁are ▁confirmed ▁and ▁the ▁belief ▁is ▁rein for ced . ▁ ▁Up ▁until ▁Bab ad , ▁In bar , ▁and ▁Ros ent hal , ▁studies ▁on ▁teacher / super visor ▁expect ancy ▁and ▁its ▁effect ▁on ▁performance ▁had ▁primarily ▁focused ▁on ▁the ▁P yg mal ion ▁effect . ▁ ▁Bab ad ▁actually ▁investig ated ▁the ▁effect ▁in ▁his ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁paper ▁looking ▁at ▁development ally ▁challeng ed ▁students ▁but ▁his ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁paper ▁is ▁considered ▁the ▁sem inal ▁G ole m ▁effect ▁article ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁more ▁general izable ▁student ▁population . ▁ ▁As ▁opposed ▁to ▁other ▁past ▁teacher - student ▁expect ancy ▁studies , ▁the ▁authors ▁asked ▁their ▁teachers ▁to ▁nomin ate ▁three ▁high - expect ancy ▁and ▁three ▁low - expect ancy ▁students ▁out ▁of ▁each ▁class ▁instead ▁of ▁just ▁high - expect ancy ▁nomin ations ▁and ▁a ▁control ▁group . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁rep lic ating ▁the ▁find ings ▁of ▁previous ▁P yg mal ion ▁effect ▁studies , ▁the ▁authors ▁found ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁G ole m ▁effect . ▁ ▁Te