▁Despite ▁the ▁observation ▁of ▁increased ▁stim ulation , ▁ph eny lt rop anes ▁lack ▁the ▁local ▁an est h etic ▁sod ium ▁channel ▁blocking ▁effect ▁that ▁the ▁ben zo y lo xy ▁im parts ▁to ▁c oca ine . ▁Bes ide ▁top ical ▁affect , ▁this ▁gives ▁c oca ine ▁an ▁aff inity ▁for ▁binding ▁to ▁sites ▁on ▁the ▁dop am ine ▁and ▁ser ot on in ▁sod ium ▁dependent ▁transport ▁areas ▁that ▁are ▁distinct ▁& ▁specific ▁to ▁M AT ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁the ▁general ▁sod ium ▁channels ; ▁creating ▁a ▁separate ▁mechanism ▁of ▁rel ational ▁aff inity ▁to ▁the ▁trans por ters ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁its ▁in hib ition ▁of ▁the ▁re upt ake ▁for ▁those ▁trans por ters ; ▁this ▁is ▁unique ▁to ▁the ▁local ▁an est h etic ▁value ▁in ▁c oca ine ▁& ▁analog ues ▁with ▁a ▁similar ▁substitute ▁for ▁the ▁ben zo y lo xy ▁that ▁leaves ▁the ▁sod ium ▁channel ▁block age ▁ability ▁int act . ▁Render ing ▁such ▁comp ounds ▁as ▁different ▁function ally ▁in ▁their ▁relation ▁to ▁M AT ▁contrast ed ▁to ▁ph eny lt rop ane ▁analog ues ▁which ▁have ▁the ▁local ▁an est h etic ▁bridge ▁removed . ▁( Re qu iring ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁sod ium ▁ ions ▁to ▁be ▁p ump ed ▁from ▁the ▁ax on ▁via ▁Na + / K + - AT P ase ). ▁In ▁addition , ▁it ▁even ▁has ▁been ▁post ulated ▁that ▁a ▁cru cial ▁role ▁regarding ▁the ▁electron ▁energy ▁im part ed ▁via ▁voltage ▁sens