eth omas , ▁André ▁D uno yer ▁de ▁Seg on z ac , ▁Charles ▁Gu ér in ▁and ▁. ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁his ▁greatest ▁success es ▁was ▁an ▁adaptation ▁of ▁The ▁Brothers ▁Kar am az ov , ▁created ▁by ▁Jacques ▁C ope au , ▁Charles ▁D ull in ▁and ▁Louis ▁J ouv et . ▁The ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁season ▁was ▁devoted ▁to ▁dance , ▁featuring ▁works ▁by ▁d ' Ind y , ▁Sch mitt , ▁D uk as ▁and ▁ ▁R avel . ▁ ▁The ▁Paris ▁Opera ▁▁ ▁His ▁work ▁attract ed ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁officials ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁government ▁who ▁were ▁looking ▁to ▁replace ▁André ▁Mess ager ▁as ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Paris ▁Opera . ▁When ▁his ▁appointment ▁was ▁announced ▁in ▁the ▁Journal ▁officiel ▁of ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁it ▁was ▁gre et ed ▁with ▁some ▁der ision . ▁A ▁few ▁critics ▁claimed ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁chosen ▁simply ▁because ▁his ▁wealth ▁would ▁help ▁the ▁Opera ▁overcome ▁its ▁chron ic ▁def ic its . ▁In ▁fact , ▁during ▁the ▁thirty ▁years ▁of ▁his ▁ten ure , ▁he ▁contributed ▁over ▁ 2 0 ▁million ▁Fran cs ▁of ▁his ▁own ▁money ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁Opera ▁function ing ▁and ▁came ▁close ▁to ▁res ign ing ▁over ▁the ▁issue ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁he ▁under to ok ▁a ▁tour ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁European ▁opera ▁h alls , ▁meeting ▁with ▁man agers , ▁direct ors , ▁engine ers , ▁design ers ▁and ▁compos