) ▁or ▁sole ▁author ▁( 2 0 0 9 b ▁ 2 0 1 0 b , ▁ 2 0 1 7 c ) ▁has ▁been ▁continu ously ▁adv ancing ▁the ▁theoretical ▁knowledge ▁of ▁qual itative ▁research ▁and ▁developing ▁strateg ies ▁for ▁application ▁practices . ▁ ▁From ▁The ▁Research ▁Act ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁On ▁Under standing ▁Em otion ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁Inter pret ive ▁Biography ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁to ▁Inter pret ive ▁Eth n ography ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁Den zin ▁addressed ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁the ▁research er , ▁the ▁research ▁activities , ▁and ▁the ▁relationships ▁with ▁the ▁research ed . ▁According ▁to ▁Den zin , ▁research ▁should ▁be ▁root ed ▁in ▁the ▁community ▁where ▁the ▁research ▁takes ▁place , ▁and ▁should ▁be ▁particip ant ▁orient ed . ▁Cl iff ord ▁Christians , ▁Sand age ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Professor ▁of ▁Communic ations ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Illinois ▁at ▁U rb ana - Ch amp aign , ▁noted ▁that ▁Den zin ▁provides ▁an ▁alternative ▁approach ▁from ▁util itar ian ▁rational ism ▁in ▁the ▁discussion ▁of ▁communication ▁eth ics . ▁ ▁Den zin ▁led ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁qual itative ▁research ▁with ▁vision ▁and ▁for es ight . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁he ▁published ▁Inter pret ive ▁Eth n ography : ▁Eth n ographic ▁Pract ices ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁calls ▁for ▁a ▁transformation ▁of ▁eth n ographic ▁research ▁to ▁meet