▁a ▁dependent ▁variable ▁to ▁an ▁independent ▁variable , ▁include ▁the ▁variance ▁of ▁the ▁independent - variable ▁except ▁where ▁so ▁doing ▁would ▁viol ate ▁rule ▁ 1 ▁above ▁( pass ing ▁through ▁adjacent ▁arrow head s : ▁i . e ., ▁when ▁the ▁independent ▁variable ▁also ▁connect s ▁to ▁a ▁double - head ed ▁arrow ▁connecting ▁it ▁to ▁another ▁independent ▁variable ). ▁In ▁der iving ▁var ian ces ▁( which ▁is ▁necessary ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁where ▁they ▁are ▁not ▁mode led ▁explicitly ), ▁the ▁path ▁from ▁a ▁dependent ▁variable ▁into ▁an ▁independent ▁variable ▁and ▁back ▁is ▁counted ▁once ▁only . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Bay esian ▁network ▁C aus ality ▁C aus al ▁loop ▁diagram ▁H idden ▁Mark ov ▁model ▁Lat ent ▁variable ▁model ▁Path ▁coefficient ▁Struct ural ▁equation ▁model ▁( SE M ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ Ω ny x , ▁a ▁free ▁software ▁environment ▁for ▁Struct ural ▁Equ ation ▁Model ing ▁ ▁Open M x ▁- ▁Advanced ▁Struct ural ▁Equ ation ▁Model ing ▁ ▁Category : Struct ural ▁equation ▁models ▁Category : Graph ical ▁models ▁Category : Ind ep end ence ▁( prob ability ▁theory ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Harry ▁Douglas ▁IV ▁( born ▁September ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁American ▁football ▁wide ▁receiver . ▁He ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Atlanta ▁Fal cons ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁NFL ▁D raft . ▁Douglas ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁at ▁Louis ville . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁Douglas ▁attended ▁Jones