use , ▁New ▁York ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁sing ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁tax onomy ▁of ▁the ▁fundamental ▁human ▁needs , ▁and ▁the ▁ways ▁in ▁which ▁these ▁needs ▁can ▁be ▁satisfied ▁is ▁developed ▁by ▁Man fred ▁Max - Ne ef . ▁This ▁tax onomy ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁his ▁work ▁on ▁Human ▁Sc ale ▁Development , ▁and ▁was ▁published ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Development ▁and ▁human ▁needs ▁ ▁Human ▁Sc ale ▁Development ▁is ▁basically ▁community ▁development ▁and ▁is ▁" f oc used ▁and ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁satisfaction ▁of ▁fundamental ▁human ▁needs , ▁on ▁the ▁generation ▁of ▁growing ▁levels ▁of ▁self - re liance , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁organ ic ▁art ic ulations ▁of ▁people ▁with ▁nature ▁and ▁technology , ▁of ▁global ▁processes ▁with ▁local ▁activity , ▁of ▁the ▁personal ▁with ▁the , ▁of ▁planning ▁with ▁aut onomy ▁and ▁of ▁civil ▁society ▁with ▁the ▁state . ▁Human ▁needs , ▁self - re liance , ▁and ▁organ ic ▁art ic ulations ▁are ▁the ▁pill ars ▁which ▁support ▁Human ▁Sc ale ▁Development ." ▁Human ▁Sc ale ▁Development ▁" ass umes ▁a ▁direct ▁and ▁particip atory ▁dem ocracy . ▁This ▁form ▁of ▁dem ocracy ▁n urt ures ▁those ▁conditions ▁that ▁will ▁help ▁to ▁transform ▁the ▁traditional , ▁semi - pat ernal istic ▁role ▁of ▁the ▁Latin ▁American ▁state ▁into ▁a ▁role ▁of ▁encourag ing ▁cre ative ▁solutions ▁flow ing ▁from ▁the ▁bottom ▁up wards . ▁This ▁is ▁more ▁consistent ▁with ▁the ▁real ▁expect ations