▁Gast on ▁Bach el ard , ▁taking ▁a ▁particular ▁interest ▁in ▁his ▁work ▁expl oring ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁science . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁E NS ▁with ▁a ▁DES ▁( , ▁roughly ▁equivalent ▁to ▁an ▁MA ) ▁in ▁Philosoph y ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁His ▁DES ▁th esis ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁Hy pp ol ite ▁was ▁titled ▁La ▁Constitution ▁d ' un ▁trans c endent al ▁dans ▁La ▁Ph én om én ologie ▁de ▁l ' es prit ▁de ▁H eg el ▁( The ▁Constitution ▁of ▁a ▁Historical ▁Trans c endent al ▁in ▁H eg el ' s ▁Ph en omen ology ▁of ▁Spirit ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁the ▁phil os opher ▁Louis ▁Al th us ser ▁became ▁a ▁t utor ▁at ▁the ▁E NS . ▁A ▁Marx ist , ▁he ▁influenced ▁both ▁Fou ca ult ▁and ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁students , ▁encourag ing ▁them ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁French ▁Commun ist ▁Party ▁( Part i ▁commun iste ▁français , ▁P CF ). ▁Fou ca ult ▁did ▁so ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁but ▁never ▁became ▁particularly ▁active ▁in ▁its ▁activities , ▁and ▁never ▁adopted ▁an ▁orth odox ▁Marx ist ▁view point , ▁ref uting ▁core ▁Marx ist ▁ten ets ▁such ▁as ▁class ▁struggle . ▁He ▁soon ▁became ▁diss atisf ied ▁with ▁the ▁big ot ry ▁that ▁he ▁experienced ▁within ▁the ▁party ' s ▁ranks ; ▁he ▁personally ▁faced ▁hom oph ob ia ▁and ▁was ▁app alled ▁by ▁the ▁anti - sem