▁railway ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 4 ▁Peter ▁Bar low ▁pat ented ▁a ▁method ▁of ▁t unn elling ▁using ▁a ▁circular ▁cast ▁iron ▁shield ▁and ▁to ▁fill ▁the ▁gap ▁between ▁the ▁tunnel ▁l ining ▁and ▁wall ▁with ▁l ime ▁or ▁c ement ▁to ▁prevent ▁sett ling ▁of ▁the ▁surrounding ▁ground . ▁Unfortunately , ▁Bar low ▁failed ▁to ▁explain ▁how ▁he ▁intended ▁to ▁fill ▁such ▁g aps ▁between ▁shield ▁and ▁tunnel ▁wall ▁with ▁gr out . ▁He ▁published ▁a ▁pam ph let ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁suggesting ▁a ▁network ▁of ▁t unn els ▁with ▁cars ▁carrying ▁up ▁to ▁twelve ▁people . ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 8 ▁authority ▁was ▁obtained ▁for ▁a ▁tunnel ▁under ▁the ▁Th ames ▁between ▁Great ▁Tower ▁Hill ▁and ▁Pick le ▁Her ring ▁St airs ▁near ▁V ine ▁Street ▁( now ▁V ine ▁Lane ), ▁but ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁delay ▁finding ▁a ▁contract or ▁due ▁to ▁recent ▁experiences ▁with ▁the ▁Th ames ▁T unnel ▁until ▁his ▁former ▁pup il ▁James ▁Henry ▁Great head ▁tender ed ▁for ▁£ 9 , 4 0 0 . ▁Wh ilst ▁Bar low ▁pat ented ▁his ▁idea ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 4 ▁for ▁a ▁t unn elling ▁shield , ▁he ▁never ▁constructed ▁it : ▁Great head ▁was ▁acc red ited ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁shield ▁construction ▁for ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Tower ▁Gate way ▁complex ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 9 . ▁According ▁to ▁William ▁Co pper th wa ite , ▁who ▁once