i ological ▁factors ▁ ▁A ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁exam ination ▁of ▁ 3 2 ▁English ▁sport / ex erc ise ▁science ▁text books ▁found ▁that ▁seven ▁suggested ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁bi oph ys ical ▁differences ▁due ▁to ▁race ▁that ▁might ▁explain ▁differences ▁in ▁sports ▁performance , ▁one ▁expressed ▁ca ution ▁with ▁the ▁idea , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁ 2 4 ▁did ▁not ▁mention ▁the ▁issue . ▁ ▁So cio e conom ic ▁factors ▁ ▁In ▁St uck ▁in ▁the ▁Sh allow ▁End : ▁Education , ▁Race , ▁and ▁Comput ing , ▁U CLA ▁research er ▁Jane ▁Marg olis ▁out lines ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁seg reg ation ▁in ▁sw imming ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁show ▁how ▁people ▁of ▁colour ▁have ▁been ▁affected ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁present ▁day ▁by ▁in ade qu ate ▁access ▁to ▁sw imming ▁facilities ▁and ▁less ons . ▁Marg olis ▁as ser ts ▁that ▁phys i ological ▁differences ▁between ▁eth nic ▁groups ▁are ▁relatively ▁minor ▁and ▁says : ▁" In ▁most ▁cases ▁of ▁seg reg ation , ▁s tere ot ypes ▁and ▁belief ▁systems ▁about ▁different ▁eth nic ▁gender ▁groups ' ▁gen etic ▁make - up ▁and ▁physical ▁ab ilities ▁( and ▁in abilities ) ▁emer ge ▁to ▁rational ize ▁une qual ▁access ▁and ▁resulting ▁dispar ities ." ▁According ▁to ▁Marg olis , ▁views ▁regarding ▁" bu oy ancy ▁problems " ▁of ▁African ▁Americans ▁are ▁merely ▁part ▁of ▁fol kl ore ▁which ▁have ▁been ▁passed ▁down ▁from ▁generation ▁to ▁generation . ▁ ▁Joan ▁Fer ran te , ▁a