/ he ur istics ) ▁in ▁a ▁situation ▁like ▁this ▁( recogn ition ) ▁given ▁this ▁culture ▁( group ) ?" ▁( We ber ▁et ▁al ., ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁( K op el man ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁and ▁that ▁these ▁factors ▁influence ▁co operation . ▁ ▁Fact ors ▁prom oting ▁co operation ▁in ▁social ▁d ile mm as ▁Stud ying ▁the ▁conditions ▁under ▁which ▁people ▁co oper ate ▁can ▁shed ▁light ▁on ▁how ▁to ▁resolve ▁social ▁d ile mm as . ▁The ▁literature ▁distingu ishes ▁between ▁three ▁broad ▁classes ▁of ▁solutions — mot iv ational , ▁strateg ic , ▁and ▁struct ural — which ▁vary ▁in ▁whether ▁they ▁see ▁actors ▁as ▁motiv ated ▁purely ▁by ▁self - inter est ▁and ▁in ▁whether ▁they ▁change ▁the ▁rules ▁of ▁the ▁social ▁d ile m ma ▁game . ▁ ▁Mot iv ational ▁solutions ▁Mot iv ational ▁solutions ▁assume ▁that ▁people ▁have ▁other - reg arding ▁prefer ences . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁considerable ▁literature ▁on ▁social ▁value ▁orient ations ▁which ▁shows ▁that ▁people ▁have ▁stable ▁prefer ences ▁for ▁how ▁much ▁they ▁value ▁out comes ▁for ▁self ▁versus ▁others . ▁Research ▁has ▁concentr ated ▁on ▁three ▁social ▁mot ives : ▁( 1 ) ▁individual ism — maxim izing ▁own ▁out comes ▁regardless ▁of ▁others ; ▁( 2 ) ▁competition — maxim izing ▁own ▁out comes ▁relative ▁to ▁others ; ▁and ▁( 3 ) ▁co operation — maxim izing ▁joint ▁out comes . ▁The ▁first ▁two ▁orient ations ▁are ▁referred ▁to