▁but ▁prominent ▁fut ur ist ▁Ray ▁Kurz we il ▁estimates ▁the ▁Sing ular ity ▁will ▁occur ▁in ▁ 2 0 4 5 . ▁ ▁Kurz we il ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁universe ▁in ▁six ▁epo chs : ▁( 1 ) ▁the ▁physical / chem ical ▁epo ch , ▁( 2 ) ▁the ▁life ▁epo ch , ▁( 3 ) ▁the ▁human / bra in ▁epo ch , ▁( 4 ) ▁the ▁technology ▁epo ch , ▁( 5 ) ▁the ▁artificial ▁intelligence ▁epo ch , ▁and ▁( 6 ) ▁the ▁universal ▁colon ization ▁epo ch . ▁Go ing ▁from ▁one ▁epo ch ▁to ▁the ▁next ▁is ▁a ▁Sing ular ity ▁in ▁its ▁own ▁right , ▁and ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁speed ing ▁up ▁preced es ▁it . ▁Each ▁epo ch ▁takes ▁a ▁shorter ▁time , ▁which ▁means ▁the ▁whole ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁universe ▁is ▁one ▁giant ▁Sing ular ity ▁event . ▁ ▁Some ▁critics ▁see ▁these ▁ide ologies ▁as ▁examples ▁of ▁scient ism ▁and ▁te ch no - ut op ian ism ▁and ▁fear ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁human ▁enh ancement ▁and ▁techn ological ▁singular ity ▁which ▁they ▁support . ▁Some ▁have ▁described ▁Karl ▁Marx ▁as ▁a ▁te ch no - optim ist . ▁ ▁S ke ptic ism ▁and ▁critics ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁somewhat ▁ske pt ical ▁side ▁are ▁certain ▁philosoph ers ▁like ▁Herbert ▁Marc use ▁and ▁John ▁Z er zan , ▁who ▁believe ▁that ▁techn ological ▁soci eties ▁are ▁inher ently ▁fla wed . ▁They ▁suggest ▁that ▁the ▁in ev