▁of ▁these ▁vers es ▁has ▁been ▁deb ated ▁by ▁Christian ▁the olog ians ▁throughout ▁history . ▁▁ ▁J uda ism ▁▁ ▁Ma imon ides ▁reason ed ▁that ▁human ▁be ings ▁have ▁free ▁will ▁( at ▁least ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁choosing ▁to ▁do ▁good ▁or ▁evil ). ▁ ▁Without ▁free ▁will , ▁the ▁dem ands ▁of ▁the ▁proph ets ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁meaning less , ▁there ▁would ▁be ▁no ▁need ▁for ▁the ▁Tor ah , ▁and ▁justice ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁admin ister ed . ▁ ▁In ▁Ma imon ides ' s ▁view , ▁human ▁free ▁will ▁is ▁granted ▁by ▁God ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁universe ' s ▁design . ▁▁ ▁Islam ▁▁ ▁In ▁Islam ▁the ▁the ological ▁issue ▁is ▁not ▁usually ▁how ▁to ▁recon cile ▁free ▁will ▁with ▁God ' s ▁for ek now ledge , ▁but ▁with ▁God ' s ▁j ab r , ▁or ▁divine ▁command ing ▁power . ▁al - A sh ' ari ▁developed ▁an ▁" ac quisition " ▁or ▁" du al - ag ency " ▁form ▁of ▁compat ibil ism , ▁in ▁which ▁human ▁free ▁will ▁and ▁divine ▁j ab r ▁were ▁both ▁assert ed , ▁and ▁which ▁became ▁a ▁corner stone ▁of ▁the ▁dominant ▁Ash ' ari ▁position . ▁In ▁Sh ia ▁Islam , ▁Ash ' aris ▁understanding ▁of ▁a ▁higher ▁balance ▁toward ▁pred est ination ▁is ▁challeng ed ▁by ▁most ▁the olog ians . ▁Free ▁will , ▁according ▁to ▁Islam ic ▁doctrine ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁factor ▁for ▁man ' s ▁account ability ▁in ▁his /