ian zi ▁( T ian ▁P ian ▁), ▁Lie zi , ▁and ▁La o ▁La izi ▁( s ometimes ▁identified ▁as ▁La oz i ): ▁" T ian ▁Z i ▁val ued ▁equ anim ity , ▁Lie ▁Z i ▁val ued ▁em pt iness , ▁L iao ▁Z i ▁val ued ▁disp elling ▁closed - mind ed ness ". ▁ ▁Leg al ism ▁was ▁based ▁upon ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁rule ▁by ▁law , ▁through ▁re wards ▁and ▁pun ish ments . ▁Even ▁though ▁Sh izi ▁was ▁a ▁retain er ▁of ▁the ▁famous ▁Leg al ist ▁Shang ▁Yang , ▁his ▁re construct ed ▁writ ings ▁rarely ▁refer ▁to ▁Leg al ism . ▁Two ▁examples ▁( tr . ▁Fischer ▁ 2 0 1 2 : 1 5 4 8 – 1 5 4 9 ▁and ▁ 2 9 2 1 – 2 9 2 2 ): ▁"( If ) ▁re wards ▁and ▁pun ish ments ▁follow ▁names ▁( then ) ▁the ▁people ▁will ▁all ▁be ▁respect ful .", ▁"( When ) ▁the ▁vehicle ▁is ▁light ▁and ▁the ▁road ▁is ▁short , ▁then ▁the ▁wh ip ▁and ▁the ▁go ad ▁are ▁not ▁needed . ▁That ▁for ▁which ▁the ▁wh ip ▁and ▁go ad ▁are ▁needed ▁is ▁a ▁long ▁road ▁or ▁a ▁heavy ▁load . ▁P un ish ments ▁and ▁laws ▁are ▁the ▁wh ip ▁and ▁go ad ▁for ▁the ▁people ." ▁ ▁Agricult ural ism ▁advoc ated ▁for ▁r ul ers ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁far ming ▁activities , ▁following ▁the ▁example ▁of ▁their ▁culture ▁hero