▁crime ▁to ▁transport ▁a ▁kid n apped ▁person ▁across ▁state ▁lines ▁because ▁the ▁transport ation ▁would ▁be ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁inter state ▁activity ▁over ▁which ▁the ▁Congress ▁has ▁power . ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁provided ▁just ification ▁for ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁criminal ▁laws ▁rel ating ▁to ▁inter ference ▁with ▁the ▁federal ▁government ' s ▁right ful ▁operation , ▁including ▁federal ▁laws ▁against ▁assault ing ▁or ▁murder ing ▁federal ▁employees . ▁ ▁In ▁National ▁Federation ▁of ▁Independent ▁Business ▁v . ▁Seb el ius ▁( 2 0 1 2 ), ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁ruled ▁that ▁the ▁individual ▁mand ate ▁of ▁the ▁Pat ient ▁Prote ction ▁and ▁Aff ord able ▁Care ▁Act ▁cannot ▁be ▁u ph eld ▁under ▁the ▁N ec ess ary ▁and ▁Pro per ▁Cla use . ▁Chief ▁Justice ▁John ▁Roberts ▁ruled ▁that ▁the ▁mand ate ▁cannot ▁" be ▁sust ained ▁under ▁the ▁N ec ess ary ▁and ▁Pro per ▁Cla use ▁as ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Aff ord able ▁Care ▁Act ' s ▁other ▁re forms . ▁Each ▁of ▁this ▁Court ' s ▁prior ▁cases ▁u ph old ing ▁laws ▁under ▁that ▁Cla use ▁involved ▁exer cis es ▁of ▁authority ▁derivative ▁of , ▁and ▁in ▁service ▁to , ▁a ▁granted ▁power .... ▁The ▁individual ▁mand ate , ▁by ▁contrast , ▁v ests ▁Congress ▁with ▁the ▁extraordinary ▁ability ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁necessary ▁predicate ▁to ▁the ▁exercise ▁of ▁an ▁enumer ated ▁power ▁and ▁draw ▁within ▁its ▁regul atory ▁scope ▁those ▁who ▁would ▁otherwise ▁be ▁outside ▁of ▁it . ▁Even ▁if ▁the ▁individual ▁mand ate