el ▁organized ▁its ▁games ▁into ▁networks : ▁Major ▁League ▁Sports , ▁Action , ▁Str ategy , ▁G aming , ▁Children ' s ▁Learning ▁and ▁later ▁Space ▁Action ▁and ▁Ar cade . ▁ ▁The ▁network ▁concept ▁was ▁dropped ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁as ▁were ▁the ▁convenient ▁gate - fold ▁style ▁boxes ▁for ▁storing ▁the ▁cart ridge , ▁instructions , ▁and ▁over l ays . ▁ ▁Starting ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁program mers ▁looking ▁for ▁credit ▁and ▁roy alt ies ▁on ▁sales ▁began ▁leaving ▁both ▁A Ph ▁and ▁Matt el ▁Electron ics ▁to ▁create ▁Int ell iv ision ▁cart rid ges ▁for ▁third - party ▁publish ers . ▁ ▁They ▁helped ▁form ▁Im ag ic ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁others ▁joined ▁Activ ision ▁and ▁At ari . ▁ ▁Ch esh ire ▁Engineering ▁was ▁formed ▁by ▁a ▁few ▁senior ▁A Ph ▁program mers ▁including ▁David ▁Rol fe ▁( author ▁of ▁the ▁Exec ) ▁and ▁Tom ▁L ough ry , ▁who ▁had ▁created ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁popular ▁Int ell iv ision ▁games ▁Advanced ▁Dun ge ons ▁and ▁Drag ons ; ▁Ch esh ire ▁created ▁Int ell iv ision ▁games ▁for ▁Activ ision . ▁ ▁Third - party ▁developers ▁Activ ision , ▁Im ag ic , ▁and ▁Cole co ▁started ▁producing ▁Int ell iv ision ▁cart rid ges ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁and ▁At ari , ▁Parker ▁Brothers , ▁S ega , ▁and ▁Inter phase ▁followed ▁in ▁ 1 9