1 9 7 8 ) ▁focused ▁on ▁working - class ▁d ile mm as ▁in ▁a ▁world ▁without ▁spiritual ▁cons olation . ▁Very ▁different ▁in ▁tone , ▁Spark ▁produced ▁nov els ▁that ▁expl ored ▁modern ▁social ▁life ▁as ▁in ▁her ▁only ▁two ▁over t ly ▁Scottish ▁nov els ▁The ▁Ball ad ▁of ▁Pe ck ham ▁R ye ▁( 1 9 6 0 ) ▁and ▁the ▁Edinburgh - set ▁The ▁Prime ▁of ▁Miss ▁Jean ▁Bro die ▁( 1 9 6 1 ). ▁Success ful ▁mass - market ▁works ▁included ▁the ▁action ▁nov els ▁of ▁Al ist air ▁Mac Le an ▁( 1 9 2 2 – 8 7 ), ▁and ▁the ▁historical ▁fiction ▁of ▁Dor othy ▁Dun nett ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 3 ). ▁A ▁younger ▁generation ▁of ▁novel ists ▁that ▁emer ged ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁included ▁All an ▁Mass ie ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 3 8 ), ▁Sh ena ▁Mack ay ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 4 ) ▁and ▁Alan ▁Sp ence ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 4 7 ). ▁Mass ie ' s ▁work ▁often ▁de als ▁with ▁historical ▁them es ▁while ▁aware ▁of ▁the ▁limitations ▁of ▁historical ▁object ivity , ▁as ▁in ▁his ▁August us ▁( 1 9 8 6 ), ▁T iber ius ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁and ▁The ▁R ag ged ▁Lion ▁( 1 9 9 4 ). ▁Working ▁class ▁identity ▁continued ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁major ▁theme