▁of ▁cl astic ▁de position ▁in ▁sed iment ary ▁bas ins . ▁Some ▁of ▁these ▁sed iment ary ▁bas ins ▁include ▁the ▁North ▁Sea ▁Bas in ▁and ▁the ▁Por cup ine ▁Bas in ▁off ▁the ▁south west ▁coast ▁of ▁Ireland . ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁argued ▁that ▁Pale ogene ▁den ud ation ▁was ▁mainly ▁caused ▁by ▁mag m atic ▁under pl ating . ▁ ▁Effect s ▁of ▁mag m atic ▁under pl ating : ▁a ▁case ▁study ▁Studies ▁have ▁been ▁done ▁on ▁the ▁phenomen on ▁of ▁mag m atic ▁under pl ating ▁in ▁various ▁areas ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁In ▁northern ▁Italy , ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁mag m atic ▁under pl ating ▁were ▁studied ▁along ▁a ▁traverse ▁through ▁the ▁Str ona - C ener i ▁Zone ▁and ▁the ▁I v rea ▁Verb ano ▁Zone . ▁The ▁studies ▁included ▁a ▁thermal ▁model ing ▁method ▁which ▁split ▁the ▁cross ▁section ▁up ▁into ▁three ▁different ▁sections : ▁the ▁upper ▁cr ust , ▁the ▁lower ▁cr ust , ▁and ▁the ▁upper ▁mant le . ▁The ▁model ▁displayed ▁multiple ▁mag m atic ▁intr us ions ▁spread ing ▁over ▁time , ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁he ating ▁up ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁cr ust ▁causing ▁met am orphism ▁and ▁an ate xis , ▁and ▁even ▁managed ▁to ▁moder ately ▁heat ▁up ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁cr ust . ▁The ▁results ▁also ▁showed ▁that ▁final ▁he ating ▁began ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁as ▁extension ▁in ▁shall ower ▁cr ust al ▁levels , ▁while ▁in ▁deeper ▁parts , ▁extension ▁occurred ▁later