▁there ▁developed ▁a ▁process ▁of ▁ma f ia - like ▁accum ulation ▁of ▁capital ▁that ▁reached ▁a ▁net ▁flight ▁between ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁of ▁ 2 5 9 , 2 3 4 , 0 0 0 ▁million ; ▁this ▁calcul ates ▁results , ▁after ▁disc ount ing ▁the ▁movement ▁abroad ▁of ▁gross ▁capital ▁in comes ▁dest ined ▁for ▁F ON D EN , ▁with ▁what ▁we ▁estimate ▁at ▁ 1 1 0 , 2 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁million ▁( Fig ure ▁ 4 , ▁G ross ▁Capital ▁Fl ight ▁abroad , ▁estimates ▁of ▁F ON D EN , ▁net ▁flight ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁period , ▁and ▁duration ▁of ▁exchange ▁controls , ▁in ▁millions ▁of ▁dollars ). .. ▁to ▁illustrate ▁the ▁sever ity ▁of ▁this , ▁we ▁can ▁equ ate ▁the ▁cost ▁as ▁the ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 5 ▁World ▁Cu ps ▁like ▁the ▁one ▁held ▁in ▁Brazil . ▁Or ▁the ▁fall ▁in ▁in comes ▁caused ▁by ▁ 1 0 ▁oil ▁sab ot ages ▁like ▁the ▁one ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 / 2 0 0 3 ." ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : V enez uel an ▁polit icians ▁Category : Cent ral ▁University ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁al umn i ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Arthur ▁F ent on ▁( 2 7 ▁February ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁May ▁ 1 9 5 0 )