▁State ▁of ▁Afghan istan ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁time ▁to ▁form . ▁At roc ities ▁were ▁committed ▁by ▁individuals ▁of ▁the ▁different ▁armed ▁fa ctions ▁while ▁Kab ul ▁desc ended ▁into ▁law less ness ▁and ▁cha os ▁as ▁described ▁in ▁reports ▁by ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Watch ▁and ▁the ▁Afghan istan ▁Justice ▁Project . ▁Because ▁of ▁the ▁cha os , ▁some ▁leaders ▁increasing ly ▁had ▁only ▁nom inal ▁control ▁over ▁their ▁( sub -) command ers . ▁For ▁civ ili ans ▁there ▁was ▁little ▁security ▁from ▁murder , ▁ra pe ▁and ▁ext ort ion . ▁An ▁estimated ▁ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁died ▁during ▁the ▁most ▁inten se ▁period ▁of ▁bomb ard ment ▁by ▁He k mat yar ' s ▁He z b - i ▁Is l ami ▁and ▁the ▁Jun b ish - i ▁Mill i ▁forces ▁of ▁Abd ul ▁R ash id ▁D ost um , ▁who ▁had ▁created ▁an ▁al liance ▁with ▁He k mat yar ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁Half ▁a ▁million ▁people ▁fled ▁Afghan istan . ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Watch ▁writes : ▁ ▁Tal ib an ▁rise ▁to ▁power ▁ ▁Southern ▁Afghan istan ▁was ▁under ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁neither ▁foreign - back ed ▁milit ias ▁nor ▁the ▁government ▁in ▁Kab ul , ▁but ▁was ▁ruled ▁by ▁local ▁leaders ▁such ▁as ▁Gul ▁Ag ha ▁Sher za i ▁and ▁their ▁milit ias . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁the ▁Tal ib an ▁( a ▁movement ▁origin ating ▁from ▁J ami at ▁U le ma - e