▁such ▁as ▁the ▁D . M . A . ▁or ▁the ▁Ph . D ▁can ▁lead ▁to ▁university ▁employ ment . ▁These ▁degrees ▁are ▁awarded ▁upon ▁completion ▁of ▁music ▁theory , ▁music ▁history , ▁technique ▁classes , ▁private ▁instruction ▁with ▁a ▁specific ▁instrument , ▁ensemble ▁participation , ▁and ▁in ▁depth ▁observations ▁of ▁experienced ▁educ ators . ▁Music ▁education ▁depart ments ▁in ▁North ▁American ▁and ▁European ▁univers ities ▁also ▁support ▁inter dis cipl inary ▁research ▁in ▁such ▁areas ▁as ▁music ▁psych ology , ▁music ▁education ▁histor i ography , ▁educational ▁eth nom us ic ology , ▁soci om us ic ology , ▁and ▁philosophy ▁of ▁education . ▁ ▁The ▁study ▁of ▁western ▁art ▁music ▁is ▁increasing ly ▁common ▁in ▁music ▁education ▁outside ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁and ▁Europe , ▁including ▁Asian ▁nations ▁such ▁as ▁South ▁Korea , ▁Japan , ▁and ▁China . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁Western ▁univers ities ▁and ▁colleg es ▁are ▁w iden ing ▁their ▁curr icul um ▁to ▁include ▁music ▁of ▁outside ▁the ▁Western ▁art ▁music ▁canon , ▁including ▁music ▁of ▁West ▁Africa , ▁of ▁Indones ia ▁( e . g . ▁Gam el an ▁music ), ▁Mexico ▁( e . g ., ▁mar ia chi ▁music ), ▁Z imb ab we ▁( mar im ba ▁music ), ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁popular ▁music . ▁ ▁Music ▁education ▁also ▁takes ▁place ▁in ▁individual ized , ▁lif el ong ▁learning , ▁and ▁in ▁community ▁context s . ▁Both ▁amateur ▁and ▁professional ▁mus icians ▁typically ▁take ▁music ▁less ons , ▁short ▁private ▁sessions ▁with