stan bul ▁Metro ▁lines ▁M 3 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁M 4 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁M 6 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁and ▁the ▁An k ara ▁Metro ▁lines ▁M 3 ▁and ▁M 4 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁first ▁phase ▁of ▁the ▁Mar mar ay ▁project , ▁which ▁links ▁the ▁contin ents ▁of ▁Europe ▁and ▁Asia ▁via ▁a ▁tunnel ▁under ▁the ▁Bos ph orus ▁in ▁ İ stan bul ▁was ▁opened , ▁due ▁to ▁link ▁and ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁entire ty ▁of ▁the ▁ İ stan bul ▁sub urban ▁rail ▁services ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Y ı ld ı r ı m ▁also ▁pres ided ▁over ▁extensions ▁to ▁the ▁ İ z mir ▁Metro ▁and ▁ İ stan bul ▁Metro ▁line ▁M 2 , ▁which ▁was ▁extended ▁from ▁ Ş i ş h ane ▁to ▁Y en ik ap ı ▁via ▁the ▁Golden ▁Horn ▁Metro ▁Bridge ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁A viation ▁expansion ▁ ▁Y ı ld ı r ı m ▁pres ided ▁over ▁a ▁new ▁Transport ▁Ministry ▁initi ative ▁to ▁vast ly ▁upgrade ▁air ports ▁that ▁were ▁regarded ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁' dis card ed ▁condition '. ▁Under ▁the ▁new ▁scheme , ▁numerous ▁air ports ▁were ▁closed ▁for ▁ref urb ishment . ▁Following ▁improvement ▁work , ▁the ▁Tok at , ▁K ah ram an m ara ş , ▁S ivas , ▁Gaz iante p ▁and ▁