▁a ▁sense ▁that ▁China ▁included ▁areas ▁such ▁as ▁Mong olia ▁and ▁Tib et ▁due ▁to ▁education ▁re forms ▁in ▁ge ography ▁which ▁made ▁it ▁clear ▁where ▁the ▁borders ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁state ▁were ▁even ▁if ▁they ▁didn ' t ▁understand ▁how ▁the ▁Chinese ▁identity ▁included ▁Tib et ans ▁and ▁Mong oli ans ▁or ▁understand ▁what ▁the ▁con not ations ▁of ▁being ▁Chinese ▁were . ▁The ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁N ank ing ▁( 1 8 4 2 ) ▁English ▁version ▁refers ▁to ▁" H is ▁Majesty ▁the ▁Emperor ▁of ▁China " ▁while ▁the ▁Chinese ▁refers ▁both ▁to ▁" The ▁Great ▁Q ing ▁Emperor " ▁( Da ▁Q ing ▁Hu ang di ) ▁and ▁to ▁Zh ong gu o ▁as ▁well . ▁The ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁T ient sin ▁( 1 8 5 8 ) ▁has ▁similar ▁language . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁the ▁reform er ▁Li ang ▁Q ich ao ▁argued ▁in ▁a ▁famous ▁passage ▁that ▁" our ▁greatest ▁shame ▁is ▁that ▁our ▁country ▁has ▁no ▁name . ▁The ▁names ▁that ▁people ▁ordin arily ▁think ▁of , ▁such ▁as ▁X ia , ▁Han , ▁or ▁Tang , ▁are ▁all ▁the ▁titles ▁of ▁by g one ▁dynast ies ." ▁He ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁other ▁countries ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁" all ▁bo ast ▁of ▁their ▁own ▁state ▁names , ▁such ▁as ▁England ▁and ▁France , ▁the ▁only ▁exception ▁being ▁the ▁Central ▁States ." ▁ ▁The ▁Japanese ▁term ▁" Sh ina " ▁was ▁proposed ▁as ▁a ▁basically ▁neutral ▁Western - infl