5 6 , 0 0 0 ▁others ▁built ▁fact ories ▁in ▁the ▁Ur als , ▁and ▁ 3 6 , 0 0 0 ▁were ▁assigned ▁work ▁under ground ▁in ▁the ▁coal ▁mines . ▁The ▁goal ▁was ▁to ▁provide ▁an ▁ener get ic ▁hard - core ▁of ▁B ols he vik ▁activ ists ▁to ▁influence ▁their ▁cow ork ers ▁the ▁fact ories ▁and ▁mines ▁that ▁were ▁at ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁commun ist ▁ide ology . ▁ ▁K oms om ol ▁adopted ▁mer it ocr atic , ▁supposed ly ▁class - bl ind ▁membership ▁policies ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁but ▁the ▁result ▁was ▁a ▁decl ine ▁in ▁working ▁class ▁youth ▁members , ▁and ▁a ▁domin ance ▁by ▁the ▁better ▁educated ▁youth . ▁A ▁new ▁social ▁hierarchy ▁emer ged ▁as ▁young ▁profession als ▁and ▁students ▁joined ▁the ▁Soviet ▁el ite , ▁disp la cing ▁pro let ari ans . ▁ ▁K oms om ol ' s ▁membership ▁policies ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁reflected ▁the ▁bro ader ▁nature ▁of ▁St alin ism , ▁combining ▁Len in ist ▁r het or ic ▁about ▁class - free ▁progress ▁with ▁St alin ist ▁p rag mat ism ▁focused ▁on ▁getting ▁the ▁most ▁enthus i astic ▁and ▁sk illed ▁membership . ▁ ▁Modern ity ▁Urban ▁women ▁under ▁St alin , ▁par alle ling ▁the ▁modern ization ▁of ▁western ▁countries , ▁were ▁also ▁the ▁first ▁generation ▁of ▁women ▁able ▁to ▁give ▁birth ▁in ▁a ▁hospital ▁with ▁access ▁to ▁pr en atal ▁care . ▁ ▁Education