▁( vil ay ets ) ▁were ▁set ▁up ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 4 ▁and ▁a ▁Council ▁of ▁State ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 8 . ▁Public ▁education ▁was ▁organized ▁on ▁the ▁French ▁model ▁and ▁Ist an bul ▁University ▁was ▁re organ ized ▁as ▁a ▁modern ▁institution ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 1 . ▁Abd ü laz iz ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁first ▁s ultan ▁who ▁tra ve led ▁outside ▁his ▁emp ire . ▁His ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁trip ▁included ▁a ▁visit ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁The ▁Press ▁and ▁Journal ism ▁Reg ulation ▁Code ▁( Mat bu at ▁N iz am names i , ▁ 1 8 6 4 ); ▁among ▁others . ▁▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁the ▁first ▁international ▁ma iling ▁network ▁between ▁Ist an bul ▁and ▁the ▁lands ▁beyond ▁the ▁vast ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁was ▁established . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁the ▁first ▁money ▁trans fers ▁were ▁made ▁through ▁the ▁post ▁offices ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁cargo ▁services ▁became ▁oper ational . ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 8 ▁hom osex ual ity ▁was ▁dec riminal ised ▁ ▁The ▁Christian ▁mil lets ▁gained ▁privileges , ▁such ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁National ▁Constitution ▁of ▁ 1 8 6 3 . ▁This ▁Div an - appro ved ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁Code ▁of ▁Reg ulations ▁consisted ▁of ▁ 1 5 0 ▁articles ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Armen ian ▁intellig ents ia . ▁Another ▁institution ▁was ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁Armen ian ▁National ▁Assembly . ▁The ▁Christian ▁population ▁of ▁the