▁as ▁well ▁as ▁his ▁successor , ▁against ▁the ▁F at im id ▁Empire . ▁ ▁Between ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁and ▁ 1 2 th ▁centuries , ▁Al - And alus ▁enjoyed ▁a ▁notable ▁urban ▁vital ity , ▁both ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁the ▁pre ex isting ▁cities ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁found ing ▁of ▁new ▁ones : ▁C ór dob a ▁reached ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁century , ▁To led o ▁ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁century ▁and ▁Se ville ▁ 8 0 , 0 0 0 ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁century . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Middle ▁A ges , ▁the ▁North ▁of ▁the ▁pen ins ula ▁hous ed ▁many ▁small ▁Christian ▁pol ities ▁including ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Cast ile , ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Arag on , ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Navar re , ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁León ▁or ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Portugal , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁count ies ▁that ▁spawn ed ▁from ▁the ▁Carol ing ian ▁Mar ca ▁His pan ica . ▁Christian ▁and ▁Muslim ▁pol ities ▁fought ▁and ▁al lied ▁among ▁themselves ▁in ▁variable ▁al li ances . ▁The ▁Christian ▁kingdom s ▁progress ively ▁expanded ▁south ▁taking ▁over ▁Muslim ▁territory ▁in ▁what ▁is ▁histor i ograph ically ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" Re con qu ista " ▁( the ▁latter ▁concept ▁has ▁been ▁however ▁noted ▁as ▁product ▁of ▁the ▁claim ▁to ▁a