ed ▁for ▁not ▁ordering ▁the ▁test . ▁Although ▁M eren stein ▁was ▁acqu itted , ▁his ▁res iden cy ▁was ▁found ▁li able ▁for ▁$ 1 ▁million . ▁ ▁Ever ▁since ▁this ▁or de al , ▁he ▁regards ▁his ▁patients ▁as ▁potential ▁pla int iffs : ▁‘ I ▁order ▁more ▁tests ▁now , ▁am ▁more ▁nerv ous ▁around ▁patients : ▁I ▁am ▁no ▁longer ▁the ▁doctor ▁I ▁should ▁be ’ . ▁ ▁R ates ▁of ▁Ca es are an ▁section ▁have ▁been ▁found ▁to ▁increase ▁by ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 8 % ▁as ▁seen ▁after ▁ 2 . 5 ▁years ▁following ▁a ▁related ▁medical ▁error . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁study ▁with ▁ 8 2 4 ▁US ▁sur ge ons , ▁obst etr icians , ▁and ▁other ▁special ists ▁at ▁high ▁risk ▁of ▁lit ig ation , ▁ 9 3 % ▁reported ▁pract icing ▁def ensive ▁medicine , ▁such ▁as ▁ordering ▁unnecessary ▁CT ▁sc ans , ▁bi ops ies , ▁and ▁MR Is , ▁and ▁pres cri bing ▁more ▁ant ib iot ics ▁than ▁med ically ▁indicated . ▁In ▁Switzerland , ▁where ▁lit ig ation ▁is ▁less ▁common , ▁ 4 1 % ▁of ▁general ▁pract ition ers ▁and ▁ 4 3 % ▁of ▁intern ists , ▁reported ▁that ▁they ▁sometimes ▁or ▁often ▁recommend ▁P SA ▁tests ▁for ▁legal ▁reasons . ▁ ▁The ▁practice ▁of ▁def ensive ▁medicine ▁also ▁express es ▁itself ▁in ▁dis cre pan cies ▁between ▁what ▁treat ments ▁do ctors ▁recommend ▁to ▁patients , ▁and ▁what ▁they ▁recommend ▁to ▁their ▁own