▁up ▁by ▁Urs ula ▁Mc Con nel ▁who ▁gathered ▁scra ps ▁of ▁information ▁from ▁two ▁el ders ▁of ▁the ▁tribe ▁whom ▁she ▁described ▁as ▁being ▁in ▁their ▁' dot age ', ▁a ▁rem nant ▁of ▁the ▁tribe ▁whose ▁traditional ▁social ▁organization ▁had ▁already ▁largely ▁dis integr ated ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁pressure ▁of ▁white ▁colon ization ▁of ▁their ▁lands ▁and ▁their ▁transformation ▁into ▁cattle ▁stations . ▁Mc Con nel ▁considered ▁their ▁to tem ▁system ▁not ▁marked ly ▁different ▁from ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁Wik - M ung kan . ▁He ▁believed ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁extended ▁into ▁the ▁Tor res ▁Stra it ▁where , ▁however , ▁it ▁had ▁been ▁und erm ined ▁by ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁New ▁Gu ine an ▁hero ▁cult s . ▁The ▁main land ▁systems ▁were ▁based ▁on ▁cer emon ies ▁for ▁the ▁rit ual ▁in cent iv ation ▁of ▁increase , ▁that ▁is , ▁to ▁ensure ▁nature ▁would ▁renew ▁its ▁n our ishing ▁sources , ▁something ▁that , ▁on ▁the ▁Tor res ▁Stra it , ▁had ▁been ▁weak ened ▁by ▁the ▁spread ▁of ▁native ▁gard ens ▁and ▁fish ing . ▁ ▁The ▁el ders ▁interview ed ▁by ▁Mc Con nel ▁referred ▁to ▁two ▁cer emon ial ▁sites ▁( au wa ) ▁close ▁to ▁Co en . ▁One ▁was ▁situated ▁on ▁the ▁Em ily ▁Creek ▁six ▁miles ▁from ▁the ▁town ▁centre , ▁the ▁other ▁a ▁half ▁a ▁mile ▁from ▁the ▁police ▁station . ▁The ▁at ▁Em ily ▁Creek ▁rit ual ▁centre ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁red ▁k ang ar oo ▁to tem ,