. ▁Moreover , ▁B akh it ▁as ser ts ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁unclear ▁if ▁the ▁s ultan ' s ▁rat ification ▁was ▁required ▁for ▁the ▁Bed ou in ▁tribes ▁or ▁the ▁provincial ▁government ▁to ▁recognize ▁the ▁am ir ▁al - arab . ▁ ▁In cor por ation ▁into ▁i q ta ʿ ▁system ▁Most ▁ch ie ft ains ▁under ▁the ▁A yy ub ids ▁were ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁the ▁i q ta ʿ ▁system ▁and ▁received ▁custom ary ▁pay ments ▁from ▁the ▁A yy ub ids . ▁The ▁A yy ub ids ' ▁M aml uk ▁success ors ▁paid ▁closer ▁attention ▁to ▁the ▁Bed ou in ▁tribes ▁of ▁Sy ria ▁as ▁they ▁considered ▁the ▁region ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁important ▁front ier ▁in ▁the ▁wars ▁with ▁the ▁Cr us aders ▁in ▁the ▁coast al ▁areas ▁and ▁the ▁Mong ol ▁Il k han ate ▁in ▁An atol ia ▁and ▁Ira q . ▁The ▁Mam lu ks ▁re lied ▁on ▁the ▁Bed ou in ▁as ▁auxili ary ▁troops ▁and ▁were ▁w ary ▁of ▁their ▁un stable , ▁but ▁much - ne eded , ▁loyal ty ▁to ▁the ▁state , ▁and ▁referred ▁to ▁the ▁i q ta ʿ at ▁of ▁the ▁am ir ▁al - ʿ arab ▁as ▁an ▁" i q ta ʿ ▁i ʿ tid ā d ▁( f ief ▁of ▁reli ance ). ▁This ▁status ▁officially ▁pre cluded ▁the ▁Bed ou in ▁from ▁the ▁military ▁service ▁required ▁of ▁i q ta ʿ - hold ers , ▁indicating ▁" a ▁special ▁relationship " ▁between ▁the