▁of ▁modern ▁networks , ▁since ▁modern ▁optical ▁networks ▁are ▁so ▁fast ▁( , ▁at ▁ 2 0 0 ▁G bit / s ▁and ▁beyond ) ▁that ▁even ▁full - length ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁byte ▁packets ▁do ▁not ▁in cur ▁significant ▁real - time ▁que uing ▁del ays ▁( the ▁need ▁to ▁reduce ▁such ▁del ays ▁— ▁e . g ., ▁to ▁support ▁voice ▁traffic ▁— ▁was ▁the ▁motiv ation ▁for ▁the ▁cell ▁nature ▁of ▁AT M ). ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁M PL S ▁attempts ▁to ▁preserve ▁the ▁traffic ▁engineering ▁( TE ) ▁and ▁out - of - band ▁control ▁that ▁made ▁Frame ▁Rel ay ▁and ▁AT M ▁attract ive ▁for ▁deploy ing ▁large - scale ▁networks . ▁ ▁History ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 4 : ▁T os hib a ▁presented ▁Cell ▁Switch ▁R outer ▁( CS R ) ▁ideas ▁to ▁I ET F ▁B OF ▁▁ 1 9 9 6 : ▁I psilon , ▁C is co ▁and ▁IBM ▁announced ▁label ▁switching ▁plans ▁▁ 1 9 9 7 : ▁Form ation ▁of ▁the ▁I ET F ▁M PL S ▁working ▁group ▁▁ 1 9 9 9 : ▁First ▁M PL S ▁V PN ▁( L 3 V PN ) ▁and ▁TE ▁deploy ments ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 : ▁M PL S ▁traffic ▁engineering ▁▁ 2 0 0 1 : ▁First ▁M PL S ▁Request ▁for ▁Comment s ▁( R FC s ) ▁released ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 : ▁A To M ▁( L 2 V PN