alus ▁adopt s ▁his ▁cousin ▁Alexander ▁Sever us ▁as ▁his ▁he ir ▁and ▁receives ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁Ca esar . ▁▁ 3 6 3 ▁– ▁Roman ▁em peror ▁Julian ▁is ▁killed ▁during ▁the ▁retre at ▁from ▁the ▁S as an ian ▁Empire . ▁▁▁ 6 8 4 ▁– ▁Pope ▁Bened ict ▁II ▁is ▁chosen . ▁▁ 6 9 9 ▁– ▁En ▁no ▁O z uno , ▁a ▁Japanese ▁myst ic ▁and ▁ap othe c ary ▁who ▁will ▁later ▁be ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁a ▁folk ▁religion ▁Sh ug end ō , ▁is ▁ban ished ▁to ▁I zu ▁ Ō sh ima . ▁ 1 2 4 3 ▁– ▁Mong ols ▁defeat ▁the ▁Sel j uk ▁Tur ks ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Kö se ▁Da ğ . ▁ 1 2 9 5 ▁– ▁Pr zem ys ł ▁II ▁crown ed ▁king ▁of ▁Poland , ▁following ▁Du cal ▁period . ▁The ▁white ▁e agle ▁is ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁Polish ▁coat ▁of ▁arms . ▁ 1 4 0 7 ▁– ▁Ulrich ▁von ▁Jung ingen ▁becomes ▁Grand ▁Master ▁of ▁the ▁Te ut onic ▁Kn ights . ▁ 1 4 0 9 ▁– ▁Western ▁Sch ism : ▁The ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁is ▁led ▁into ▁a ▁double ▁sch ism ▁as ▁Pet ros ▁Phil arg os ▁is ▁crown ed ▁Pope ▁Alexander ▁V ▁after ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁P isa , ▁joining ▁Pope ▁Gregory ▁XII ▁in ▁Rome ▁and ▁Pope ▁Bened ict ▁XII ▁in ▁Av ignon . ▁ 1 4 6 0 ▁– ▁Richard ▁Ne ville , ▁ 1 6 th ▁Earl