, ▁the ▁term ▁Wein ▁vom ▁G au , ▁meaning ▁“ W ine ▁from ▁the ▁G au ▁( or ▁Region ) ”, ▁was ▁co ined . ▁As ▁Philipp ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 4 7 9 ▁without ▁a ▁male ▁he ir , ▁G au - Al ges heim ▁ended ▁up ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁Kat zen eln b ogen ▁succession ▁dispute . ▁ ▁“ L iving ▁well ▁under ▁the ▁cro z ier ” ▁was ▁not ▁something ▁that ▁held ▁true ▁at ▁all ▁times . ▁O ften ▁domestic ▁or ▁foreign ▁arm ies ▁would ▁swe ep ▁through ▁the ▁town ▁bringing ▁war ' s ▁att endant ▁bur dens ▁and ▁hav oc , ▁for ▁instance , ▁in ▁ 1 2 4 8 ▁during ▁the ▁strugg les ▁between ▁Emperor ▁Frederick ▁II ' s ▁and ▁King ▁William ▁II ' s ▁troops , ▁in ▁ 1 5 5 3 ▁in ▁the ▁war ▁of ▁Protest ant ▁pr inc ely ▁opposition ▁to ▁Emperor ▁Charles ▁V , ▁in ▁ 1 6 3 1 ▁when ▁Swedish ▁King ▁Gustav ▁II ▁Adolf ' s ▁troops ▁bur nt ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁down , ▁or ▁ 1 6 9 0 , ▁ 1 7 3 3 ▁and ▁ 1 7 9 2 , ▁when ▁French ▁soldiers ▁bur nt ▁or ▁seized ▁G au - Al ges heim . ▁ ▁Even ▁the ▁two ▁confer r als ▁of ▁town ▁rights , ▁the ▁one ▁in ▁ 1 3 3 2 ▁at ▁Elect or ▁of ▁Main z ▁Bald win ▁of ▁Luxemb ourg ' s ▁request ▁by ▁Emperor ▁Louis ▁the ▁Bav arian ▁and ▁the ▁one ▁in ▁