▁the ▁first ▁Muslim – By z antine ▁sk irm ishes ▁took ▁place . ▁Just ▁a ▁few ▁months ▁after ▁Emperor ▁Her ac lius ▁and ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁general ▁Sh ahr bar az ▁agreed ▁on ▁terms ▁for ▁the ▁withdraw al ▁of ▁Pers ian ▁troops ▁from ▁occupied ▁By z antine ▁eastern ▁provinces ▁in ▁ 6 2 9 , ▁Arab ▁and ▁By z antine ▁troops ▁confront ed ▁each ▁other ▁at ▁the ▁Mu ' t ah ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁Muhammad ' s ▁amb assador ▁at ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁Gh ass an ids , ▁a ▁By z antine ▁v ass al ▁kingdom . ▁Muhammad ▁died ▁in ▁ 6 3 2 ▁and ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁Ab u ▁Bak r , ▁the ▁first ▁C ali ph ▁with ▁und is put ed ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁Arab ian ▁Pen ins ula ▁after ▁the ▁successful ▁R id da ▁wars , ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁cons olid ation ▁of ▁a ▁powerful ▁Muslim ▁state ▁throughout ▁the ▁pen ins ula . ▁ ▁Muslim ▁con quest s , ▁ 6 2 9 – 7 1 8 ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Muslim ▁bi ograph ies , ▁Muham med , ▁having ▁received ▁intelligence ▁that ▁By z antine ▁forces ▁were ▁concentr ating ▁in ▁northern ▁Arab ia ▁with ▁intent ions ▁of ▁inv ading ▁Arab ia , ▁led ▁a ▁Muslim ▁army ▁north ▁to ▁Tab ou k ▁in ▁present - day ▁north western ▁Sa udi ▁Arab ia , ▁with ▁the ▁intention ▁of ▁pre - empt ively ▁eng aging ▁the ▁By z antine ▁army ; ▁the ▁news , ▁however , ▁proved