▁also ▁increases ▁more ▁quickly ▁and ▁they ▁show ▁more ▁stress - related ▁behav i ours . ▁One ▁r ider ▁wrote , ▁' Ex per ien ced ▁rid ers ▁and ▁train ers ▁can ▁learn ▁to ▁read ▁the ▁subt le ▁m ood s ▁of ▁individual ▁horses ▁according ▁to ▁wisdom ▁passed ▁down ▁from ▁one ▁hors eman ▁to ▁the ▁next , ▁but ▁also ▁from ▁years ▁of ▁trial - and - error . ▁I ▁suffered ▁many ▁bru ised ▁to es ▁and ▁ni pped ▁fingers ▁before ▁I ▁could ▁detect ▁a ▁curious ▁sw ivel ▁of ▁the ▁ears , ▁ir rit ated ▁f lick ▁of ▁the ▁tail , ▁or ▁concerned ▁cr ink le ▁above ▁a ▁long - l ashed ▁eye .' ▁This ▁suggests ▁that ▁horses ▁have ▁emot ions ▁and ▁display ▁them ▁phys ically ▁but ▁is ▁not ▁concrete ▁evidence . ▁ ▁Bird s ▁Marc ▁Bek off ▁reported ▁accounts ▁of ▁animal ▁behaviour ▁which ▁he ▁believed ▁was ▁evidence ▁of ▁animals ▁being ▁able ▁to ▁experience ▁emot ions ▁in ▁his ▁book ▁The ▁Em ot ional ▁L ives ▁of ▁Anim als . ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁an ▁ex cer pt ▁from ▁his ▁book : ▁ ▁B yst ander ▁affili ation ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁represent ▁an ▁expression ▁of ▁em path y ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁by stand er ▁tries ▁to ▁console ▁a ▁conflict ▁victim ▁and ▁alle vi ate ▁their ▁dist ress . ▁There ▁is ▁evidence ▁for ▁by stand er ▁affili ation ▁in ▁ra vens ▁( e . g . ▁contact ▁sitting , ▁pre ening , ▁or ▁be ak - to - be ak ▁or ▁be ak - to - body ▁touch