▁ ▁E colog ical ▁security ▁ ▁E colog ical ▁security , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁environmental ▁security , ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁integrity ▁of ▁e cos ystem s ▁and ▁the ▁b ios phere , ▁particularly ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁their ▁capacity ▁to ▁sust ain ▁a ▁divers ity ▁of ▁life - forms ▁( including ▁human ▁life ). ▁The ▁security ▁of ▁e cos ystem s ▁has ▁attract ed ▁greater ▁attention ▁as ▁the ▁impact ▁of ▁e colog ical ▁damage ▁by ▁humans ▁has ▁grown . ▁The ▁de grad ation ▁of ▁e cos ystem s , ▁including ▁to ps o il ▁er os ion , ▁def or est ation , ▁b iod iversity ▁loss , ▁and ▁climate ▁change , ▁affect ▁economic ▁security ▁and ▁can ▁precip itate ▁mass ▁migration , ▁leading ▁to ▁increased ▁pressure ▁on ▁resources ▁elsewhere . ▁ ▁The ▁scope ▁and ▁nature ▁of ▁environmental ▁thre ats ▁to ▁national ▁security ▁and ▁strateg ies ▁to ▁eng age ▁them ▁are ▁a ▁subject ▁of ▁debate . ▁R omm ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁class ifies ▁the ▁major ▁impact s ▁of ▁e colog ical ▁changes ▁on ▁national ▁security ▁as : ▁ ▁Trans n ational ▁environmental ▁problems . ▁These ▁include ▁global ▁environmental ▁problems ▁such ▁as ▁climate ▁change ▁due ▁to ▁global ▁war ming , ▁def or est ation , ▁and ▁loss ▁of ▁b iod iversity . ▁ ▁Local ▁environmental ▁or ▁resource ▁press ures . ▁These ▁include ▁resource ▁scarc ities ▁leading ▁to ▁local ▁conflict , ▁such ▁as ▁disput es ▁over ▁water ▁scarc ity ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ; ▁migration ▁into ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁failure ▁of