- fold ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁risk ▁of ▁stroke ▁among ▁men ▁with ▁job ▁stra in ▁( com bin ation ▁of ▁high ▁job ▁demand ▁and ▁low ▁job ▁control ). ▁The ▁Japanese ▁use ▁the ▁term ▁kar oshi ▁to ▁reflect ▁death ▁from ▁over work . ▁ ▁Occ up ational ▁stress ▁accounts ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 % ▁of ▁work - related ▁health ▁claims . ▁Many ▁studies ▁suggest ▁that ▁psych olog ically ▁demand ing ▁jobs ▁that ▁allow ▁employees ▁little ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁work ▁process ▁increase ▁the ▁risk ▁of ▁card i ov asc ular ▁disease . ▁Research ▁indicates ▁that ▁job ▁stress ▁increases ▁the ▁risk ▁for ▁development ▁of ▁back ▁and ▁upper - ext rem ity ▁mus cul os ke let al ▁dis orders . ▁Str ess ▁at ▁work ▁can ▁also ▁increase ▁the ▁risk ▁of ▁acqu iring ▁an ▁in fection ▁and ▁the ▁risk ▁of ▁acc idents ▁at ▁work . ▁ ▁High ▁levels ▁of ▁stress ▁are ▁associated ▁with ▁substantial ▁increases ▁in ▁health ▁service ▁util ization . ▁For ▁example , ▁workers ▁who ▁report ▁experien cing ▁stress ▁at ▁work ▁also ▁show ▁excess ive ▁health ▁care ▁util ization . ▁In ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁study ▁of ▁ 4 6 , 0 0 0 ▁workers , ▁health ▁care ▁costs ▁were ▁nearly ▁ 5 0 % ▁greater ▁for ▁workers ▁reporting ▁high ▁levels ▁of ▁stress ▁in ▁comparison ▁to ▁“ low ▁risk ” ▁workers . ▁The ▁increment ▁rose ▁to ▁nearly ▁ 1 5 0 %, ▁an ▁increase ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁$ 1 , 7 0 0 ▁per ▁person ▁ann ually , ▁for ▁workers ▁reporting ▁high ▁levels