▁end os perm ▁or ▁none . ▁ ▁Pol len ▁ ▁The ▁pol len ▁of ▁compos ites ▁is ▁typically ▁e chin ol oph ate , ▁a ▁morph ological ▁term ▁meaning ▁" with ▁elaborate ▁systems ▁of ▁rid ges ▁and ▁sp ines ▁dispers ed ▁around ▁and ▁between ▁the ▁a pert ures ." ▁ ▁Met abol ites ▁ ▁In ▁A ster aceae , ▁the ▁energy ▁store ▁is ▁generally ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁in ul in ▁rather ▁than ▁st arch . ▁They ▁produce ▁is o / ch lor ogen ic ▁acid , ▁ses qu iter p ene ▁la ct ones , ▁pent acy clic ▁tr iter p ene ▁alco h ols , ▁various ▁al kal oid s , ▁ac ety len es ▁( cyc lic , ▁a rom atic , ▁with ▁vin yl ▁end ▁groups ), ▁t ann ins . ▁They ▁have ▁ter pen oid ▁essential ▁o ils ▁which ▁never ▁contain ▁ir ido ids . ▁ ▁A ster aceae ▁produce ▁secondary ▁met abol ites , ▁such ▁as ▁flav ono ids ▁and ▁ter pen oid s . ▁Some ▁of ▁these ▁mole cules ▁can ▁in hib it ▁proto zo an ▁par as ites ▁such ▁as ▁Pl as mod ium , ▁Try pan os oma , ▁Le ish mania ▁and ▁par as it ic ▁int est inal ▁w orm s , ▁and ▁thus ▁have ▁potential ▁in ▁medicine . ▁ ▁E volution ▁ ▁The ▁oldest ▁known ▁foss ils ▁of ▁members ▁of ▁A ster aceae ▁are ▁pol len ▁gra ins ▁from ▁the ▁Late ▁C ret ace ous ▁of ▁Ant arct ica , ▁dated