ative ▁ ▁R OM UL US ▁is ▁a ▁found ational ▁ont ology ▁repository ▁aim ed ▁at ▁impro ving ▁semantic ▁inter oper ability . ▁Currently ▁there ▁are ▁three ▁found ational ▁ont ologies ▁in ▁the ▁repository : ▁D OL CE , ▁B FO ▁and ▁G FO . ▁ ▁Ex amples ▁of ▁applications ▁ ▁In ▁general , ▁ont ologies ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁benef icial ly ▁in ▁several ▁fields . ▁ ▁Enter prise ▁applications . ▁A ▁more ▁concrete ▁example ▁is ▁S APP HI RE ▁( He alth ▁care ) ▁or ▁Situ ational ▁A war eness ▁and ▁P rep ared ness ▁for ▁Public ▁Health ▁Inc id ences ▁and ▁Re ason ing ▁Eng ines ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁semantics - based ▁health ▁information ▁system ▁capable ▁of ▁tracking ▁and ▁evalu ating ▁situations ▁and ▁occurr ences ▁that ▁may ▁affect ▁public ▁health . ▁ ▁Geographic ▁information ▁systems ▁bring ▁together ▁data ▁from ▁different ▁sources ▁and ▁benefit ▁therefore ▁from ▁ont ological ▁metadata ▁which ▁helps ▁to ▁connect ▁the ▁semantics ▁of ▁the ▁data . ▁Domain - specific ▁ont ologies ▁are ▁extremely ▁important ▁in ▁bi omed ical ▁research , ▁which ▁requires ▁named ▁entity ▁dis ambiguation ▁of ▁various ▁bi omed ical ▁terms ▁and ▁abbre vi ations ▁that ▁have ▁the ▁same ▁string ▁of ▁characters ▁but ▁represent ▁different ▁bi omed ical ▁concepts . ▁For ▁example , ▁C SF ▁can ▁represent ▁Col ony ▁Stim ulating ▁F actor ▁or ▁C ere br al ▁Sp inal ▁Fl uid , ▁both ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁represented ▁by ▁the ▁same ▁term , ▁C SF , ▁in ▁bi omed ical ▁literature . ▁This ▁is ▁why ▁a ▁large ▁number