▁( h emat oph ag ous ) ▁f lies , ▁including ▁the ▁primary ▁vectors ▁of ▁le ish man ias is , ▁b art on ell osis ▁and ▁p app ata ci ▁fe ver . ▁In ▁the ▁New ▁World , ▁le ish man ias is ▁is ▁spread ▁by ▁sand ▁f lies ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁L utz omy ia , ▁which ▁commonly ▁live ▁in ▁c aves , ▁where ▁their ▁main ▁hosts ▁are ▁b ats . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Old ▁World , ▁sand ▁f lies ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Ph le bot om us ▁spread ▁le ish man ias is . ▁ ▁Ph le bot om ine ▁females , ▁and ▁only ▁females , ▁su ck ▁blood ▁from ▁various ▁m amm als , ▁re pt iles ▁and ▁birds . ▁Some ▁species ▁are ▁select ive , ▁whereas ▁others ▁b ite ▁any ▁suitable ▁host ▁they ▁find . ▁Some ▁species ▁can ▁produce ▁one ▁cl utch ▁of ▁eggs ▁before ▁their ▁first ▁blood ▁me al ; ▁such ▁females ▁are ▁said ▁to ▁pract ise ▁aut ogen ous ▁or ▁partly ▁aut ogen ous ▁reprodu ction . ▁Other ▁species ▁need ▁a ▁blood ▁me al ▁before ▁they ▁can ▁produce ▁any ▁eggs ▁at ▁all ; ▁they ▁are ▁said ▁to ▁pract ise ▁an aut ogen ous ▁reprodu ction . ▁As ▁far ▁as ▁is ▁known , ▁all ▁species ▁need ▁a ▁blood ▁me al ▁for ▁every ▁following ▁cl utch ▁of ▁eggs . ▁Prote ins ▁and ▁other ▁nut ri ents ▁in ▁the ▁blood ▁they ▁eat ▁enable ▁the ▁female ▁to ▁produce ▁the ▁prote ins ▁and ▁f ats ▁necessary ▁for ▁them ▁to ▁produce ▁eggs