ra . ▁He ▁str esses ▁that ▁V y av ah ara ▁car it ra ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁sam y ama ▁( self - rest raint ) ▁and ▁hence ▁root ed ▁in ▁appropriate ▁psych ic ▁disposition . ▁He ▁places ▁great ▁emphas is ▁on ▁cle ans ing ▁the ▁soul ▁of ▁v ib h avas , ▁internal ▁imp ur ities , ▁through ▁self - dis cipl ine . ▁ ▁A ▁unique ▁feature ▁of ▁the ▁Ni y am as ara ▁is ▁that ▁K und ak unda ▁character ises ▁both ▁Nich c aya ▁car it ra ▁and ▁V y av ah ara ▁car it ra ▁as ▁t apa , ▁or ▁practice ▁of ▁a uster ity ▁from ▁their ▁respective ▁n ay as . ▁This ▁character ization ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁psych ological ▁and ▁p rag m atic ▁consider ations ▁and ▁if ▁put ▁in ▁practice ▁properly ▁it ▁would ▁lead ▁to ▁internal ▁and ▁external ▁pur ity ▁and ▁anni h ilation ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁pass ions . ▁K und ak unda ▁con cludes ▁that ▁V y av ah ara ▁car it ra ▁and ▁N ish c aya ▁car it ra ▁together ▁const itute ▁Sam y ak ▁car it ra . ▁Another ▁unique ▁feature ▁of ▁this ▁text ▁is ▁its ▁description ▁of ▁param a ▁sam ad hi , ▁not ▁found ▁elsewhere ▁in ▁J ain ▁literature . ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : J ain ▁texts ▁Category : An cient ▁Indian ▁literature <0x0A> </s> ▁De My a ▁Ch ak he ia ▁Walker ▁( born ▁November ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 7 7