▁early ▁ne uro chem ical ▁evidence ▁for ▁the ▁interaction ▁between ▁the ▁ch ol iner g ic ▁and ▁other ▁transmit ter ▁systems . ▁ ▁Kar cz mar ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁ch ol iner g ic ▁ag on ists ▁counter act ▁the ▁behavior ▁exhib ited ▁in ▁animal ▁models ▁of ▁sch iz op hren ia ; ▁on ▁this ▁basis ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁other ▁ch ol iner g ic ▁behavior al ▁and ▁E EG ▁actions ▁Kar cz mar ▁proposed ▁that ▁the ▁ch ol iner g ic ▁system ▁cont ributes ▁significantly ▁to ▁alert ness , ▁cogn itive ▁behavior ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁animal ' s ▁( and ▁human ) ▁" real istic " ▁app rais al ▁of ▁the ▁environment ; ▁he ▁named ▁the ▁pert inent ▁synd rome ▁the ▁" Ch ol iner g ic ▁Alert ▁Non - mobile ▁Be havior ". ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁Kar cz mar ▁expl ored ▁the ▁" self " ▁( the ▁" I ", ▁the ▁self - aw aren ess , ▁the ▁self - cons cious ness ; ▁); ▁he ▁trac ed ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁the ▁body - mind ▁relation ▁to ▁the ▁earliest ▁history ▁of ▁man kind , ▁mill enn ia ▁before ▁the ▁advent ▁of ▁Des cart es ' ▁dual ism . ▁He ▁str essed ▁the ▁need ▁to ▁differenti ate ▁the ▁" self " ▁from ▁cogn ition ▁and ▁per ception . ▁While ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁reduction ist , ▁he ▁suggests ▁that ▁the ▁current ▁neu ros cient ific ▁and ▁quant al ▁stage ▁of ▁knowledge ▁is ▁ins u fficient ▁to