– and ▁parallel ▁- ▁ad option ▁of ▁a ▁sust ain ability ▁ag enda . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁the ▁Japanese ▁parliament ▁passed ▁new ▁laws ▁mand ating ▁ 2 0 0 ▁year ▁housing , ▁accomp any ing ▁the ▁legisl ation ▁with ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁regul atory ▁and ▁administrative ▁tools ▁for ▁use ▁by ▁local ▁building ▁officials ▁who ▁have ▁the ▁responsibility ▁to ▁evaluate ▁and ▁appro ve ▁building ▁projects . ▁Project s ▁approved ▁under ▁the ▁new ▁law ▁receive ▁a ▁reduced ▁rate ▁of ▁tax ation . ▁In ▁Finland , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁real ▁estate ▁companies ▁develop s ▁open ▁building ▁projects ▁for ▁their ▁resident ial ▁port folio . ▁In ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁companies – from ▁product ▁manufact ur ers ▁to ▁developers ▁to ▁architect s – im plement ▁open ▁building ▁by ▁other ▁names . ▁In ▁Wars aw , ▁Poland , ▁open ▁building ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁“ W ars aw ▁Standard ”. ▁In ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁resident ial ▁developers ▁build ▁“ bul k ” ▁housing , ▁ready ▁to ▁be ▁fitted ▁out ▁individually . ▁Ar ound ▁the ▁world , ▁old ▁office ▁buildings ▁that ▁have ▁retained ▁their ▁social ▁and ▁economic ▁value ▁are ▁converted ▁to ▁resident ial ▁occup ancy , ▁after ▁being ▁“ g utt ed ” ▁to ▁prepare ▁them ▁for ▁new ▁uses ▁and ▁layout s . ▁ ▁Besides ▁sho pping ▁cent ers , ▁office ▁buildings ▁and ▁housing , ▁open ▁building ▁is ▁also ▁evident ▁in ▁the ▁health ▁care ▁facilities ▁sector ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Switzerland , ▁Germany , ▁Belg ium , ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁and