- in - ex ile , ▁Polish ▁military ▁units ▁that ▁had ▁escaped ▁the ▁occupation ▁fought ▁under ▁their ▁own ▁command ers ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Al lied ▁forces ▁in ▁Europe , ▁Africa , ▁and ▁the ▁Middle ▁East . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁war , ▁as ▁the ▁Polish ▁territory ▁came ▁under ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁Poland , ▁a ▁Soviet ▁satellite ▁state , ▁the ▁government - in - ex ile ▁remained ▁in ▁existence , ▁though ▁largely ▁un recogn ized ▁and ▁without ▁effective ▁power . ▁Only ▁after ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁Commun ist ▁rule ▁in ▁Poland ▁did ▁the ▁government - in - ex ile ▁formally ▁pass ▁on ▁its ▁respons ib ilities ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁Third ▁Polish ▁Republic ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁government - in - ex ile ▁was ▁based ▁in ▁France ▁during ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁first ▁in ▁Paris ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁Ang ers . ▁From ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁following ▁the ▁Fall ▁of ▁France , ▁the ▁government ▁moved ▁to ▁London , ▁and ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁until ▁its ▁dissol ution ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Est ab lish ment ▁On ▁ 1 7 ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Polish ▁Republic , ▁Ign acy ▁Mo śc icki , ▁who ▁was ▁then ▁in ▁the ▁small ▁town ▁of ▁K ut y ▁( now ▁Ukraine ) ▁near ▁the ▁southern ▁Polish ▁border , ▁issued ▁a ▁pro clam ation