ign aci an , ▁Gra v ett ian , ▁Sol ut re an ▁and ▁Mag d alen ian ▁cult ures , ▁some ▁of ▁them ▁character ized ▁by ▁the ▁complex ▁forms ▁of ▁the ▁art ▁of ▁the ▁Upper ▁Pale ol ith ic . ▁ ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁During ▁the ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁expansion , ▁various ▁meg al ith ic ▁cult ures ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁I ber ian ▁Pen ins ula . ▁An ▁open ▁se as ▁navigation ▁culture ▁from ▁the ▁east ▁Mediter rane an , ▁called ▁the ▁Card ium ▁culture , ▁also ▁extended ▁its ▁influence ▁to ▁the ▁eastern ▁coast s ▁of ▁the ▁pen ins ula , ▁possibly ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁mill en ni um ▁BC . ▁These ▁people ▁may ▁have ▁had ▁some ▁relation ▁to ▁the ▁subsequent ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁I ber ian ▁civil ization . ▁ ▁Chal col ith ic ▁In ▁the ▁Chal col ith ic ▁(   3 0 0 0 ▁BC ), ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁complex ▁cult ures ▁developed ▁that ▁would ▁give ▁rise ▁to ▁the ▁pen ins ula ' s ▁first ▁civil izations ▁and ▁to ▁extensive ▁exchange ▁networks ▁reaching ▁to ▁the ▁Balt ic , ▁Middle ▁East ▁and ▁North ▁Africa . ▁Ar ound ▁ 2 8 0 0 ▁– ▁ 2 7 0 0 ▁BC , ▁the ▁Be aker ▁culture , ▁which ▁produced ▁the ▁Mar itime ▁Bell ▁Be aker , ▁probably ▁origin ated ▁in ▁the ▁v ibr ant ▁co pper - using ▁communities ▁of ▁the ▁Tag us ▁est u ary ▁in ▁Portugal ▁and ▁spread ▁from ▁there ▁to ▁many ▁parts