▁theories ▁of ▁worker ▁stress ▁ ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁psych ological ▁theories ▁at ▁least ▁partly ▁explain ▁the ▁occurrence ▁of ▁occup ational ▁stress . ▁The ▁theories ▁include ▁the ▁demand - control - support ▁model , ▁the ▁effort - re ward ▁im bal ance ▁model , ▁the ▁person - environment ▁fit ▁model , ▁job ▁characteristics ▁model , ▁the ▁di ath esis ▁stress ▁model , ▁and ▁the ▁job - dem ands ▁resources ▁model . ▁ ▁Dem and - control - support ▁model ▁The ▁demand - control - support ▁( D CS ) ▁model ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁influ ential ▁psych ological ▁theory ▁in ▁occup ational ▁stress ▁research . ▁The ▁D CS ▁model ▁adv ances ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁the ▁combination ▁of ▁low ▁levels ▁of ▁work - related ▁decision ▁latitude ▁( i . e ., ▁aut onomy ▁and ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁job ) ▁and ▁high ▁psych ological ▁work loads ▁is ▁harm ful ▁to ▁workers . ▁High ▁work loads ▁and ▁low ▁levels ▁of ▁decision ▁latitude ▁either ▁in ▁combination ▁or ▁sing ly ▁can ▁lead ▁to ▁job ▁stra in , ▁the ▁term ▁often ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁occup ational ▁health ▁psych ology ▁to ▁reflect ▁poor er ▁mental ▁or ▁physical ▁health . ▁The ▁model ▁has ▁been ▁extended ▁to ▁include ▁work - related ▁social ▁isol ation ▁or ▁lack ▁of ▁support ▁from ▁cow ork ers ▁and ▁super vis ors , ▁which ▁also ▁leads ▁to ▁poor er ▁health ▁ ▁E ff ort - re ward ▁im bal ance ▁model ▁The ▁effort - re ward ▁im bal ance ▁( ER I ) ▁model ▁focus es ▁on ▁the