ously ▁with ▁that ▁of ▁cr um horn . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁uncertain ▁if ▁the ▁Spanish ▁wind ▁instrument ▁or lo ▁( att ested ▁in ▁an ▁invent ory ▁of ▁ 1 5 5 9 ) ▁design ates ▁the ▁cr um horn , ▁but ▁it ▁is ▁known ▁that ▁cr um horn s ▁were ▁used ▁in ▁Spain ▁in ▁the ▁six teenth ▁century , ▁and ▁the ▁identification ▁seems ▁likely . ▁ ▁Three ▁Italian ▁terms ▁for ▁the ▁instrument , ▁apart ▁from ▁the ▁equivalent ▁c rom orno , ▁are ▁st ort o , ▁cor nam uto ▁tort o , ▁and ▁p iva ▁tort a . ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁cr um horn ▁is ▁a ▁c apped ▁re ed ▁instrument . ▁Its ▁construction ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁ch anter ▁of ▁a ▁bag pipe . ▁A ▁double ▁re ed ▁is ▁mounted ▁inside ▁a ▁long ▁wind cap . ▁B low ing ▁through ▁a ▁slot ▁in ▁the ▁wind cap ▁produces ▁a ▁musical ▁note . ▁The ▁pitch ▁of ▁the ▁note ▁can ▁be ▁varied ▁by ▁opening ▁or ▁closing ▁finger ▁holes ▁along ▁the ▁length ▁of ▁the ▁pipe . ▁One ▁unusual ▁feature ▁of ▁the ▁cr um horn ▁is ▁its ▁shape ; ▁the ▁end ▁is ▁bent ▁up wards ▁in ▁a ▁curve ▁res emb ling ▁the ▁letter ▁' J '. ▁The ▁curve ▁is ▁decor ative ▁only ▁and ▁does ▁not ▁influence ▁the ▁sound . ▁ ▁C rum horn s ▁make ▁a ▁strong ▁bu zz ing ▁sound , ▁but ▁qui eter ▁than ▁their ▁con ical - b ore ▁relatives ▁the ▁ra usch p fe ife ▁and ▁sh aw m . ▁They