▁sufficiently ▁to ▁render ▁its ▁surface ▁temperature ▁effectively ▁is oth erm al ▁( no ▁difference ▁between ▁pol es ▁and ▁equ ator ). ▁On ▁Earth , ▁water ▁v apor ▁and ▁trace ▁g ass es ▁provide ▁a ▁less er ▁green house ▁effect , ▁and ▁the ▁atmosphere ▁and ▁extensive ▁o ce ans ▁provide ▁efficient ▁pole ward ▁heat ▁transport . ▁Both ▁p ala e oc lim ate ▁changes ▁and ▁recent ▁global ▁war ming ▁changes ▁have ▁exhib ited ▁strong ▁polar ▁ampl ification , ▁as ▁described ▁below . ▁ ▁Ar ctic ▁ampl ification ▁is ▁polar ▁ampl ification ▁of ▁the ▁Earth ' s ▁North ▁P ole ▁only ; ▁Ant ar ctic ▁ampl ification ▁is ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁P ole . ▁ ▁History ▁An ▁observation ▁based ▁study ▁related ▁to ▁Ar ctic ▁ampl ification ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁by ▁Mik h ail ▁Bud y ko , ▁the ▁study ▁conclusion ▁has ▁been ▁summar ized ▁as , ▁" Se a ▁ice ▁loss ▁affect s ▁Ar ctic ▁temper atures ▁through ▁the ▁surface ▁al bed o ▁feedback ." ▁The ▁same ▁year ▁a ▁similar ▁model ▁was ▁published ▁by ▁William ▁D . ▁S ellers . ▁Both ▁studies ▁attract ed ▁significant ▁attention ▁since ▁they ▁hint ed ▁at ▁the ▁possibility ▁for ▁a ▁run away ▁positive ▁feedback ▁within ▁the ▁global ▁climate ▁system . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁Man abe ▁and ▁W ether ald ▁published ▁the ▁first ▁somewhat ▁pla us ible ▁general ▁circul ation ▁model ▁that ▁looked ▁at ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁an ▁increase ▁of ▁green house ▁gas . ▁Although ▁conf ined ▁to ▁less ▁than ▁one -