ical ▁synth esis , ▁and ▁promotion ▁of ▁the ▁tax - based ▁in comes ▁policy ▁( T IP ). ▁ ▁Biography ▁After ▁a ▁year ▁at ▁the ▁London ▁School ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 – 9 , ▁We int ra ub ▁received ▁a ▁Ph . D . ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁and ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁Federal ▁Reserve ▁Bank ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁draft ed ▁into ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁St . ▁John ' s ▁University ▁in ▁Brook lyn , ▁New ▁York . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁Ford ▁Foundation ▁fellow ship ▁to ▁travel ▁to ▁Europe . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 – 7 0 ▁he ▁taught ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Water lo o . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 – 3 ▁he ▁wrote ▁a ▁week ly ▁column ▁for ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Bul letin . ▁During ▁his ▁career ▁he ▁gave ▁over ▁ 5 0 0 ▁guest ▁lect ures ▁in ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁Canada , ▁and ▁Europe , ▁and ▁published ▁ 1 8 ▁books , ▁ 8 0 + ▁scholar ly ▁articles , ▁and ▁ 5 0 + ▁popular ▁articles . ▁His ▁students ▁include ▁Paul ▁David son ▁and ▁Douglas ▁Peters . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 9