igr ated ▁from ▁Austria ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁developed ▁a ▁plan ▁for ▁the ▁town ▁centre ▁of ▁Mang ak ino , ▁which ▁was ▁put ▁into ▁action ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 – 1 9 4 8 . ▁His ▁plan ▁included ▁a ▁ped est rian ▁area ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁centre ▁free ▁from ▁through ▁traffic . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁the ▁population ▁exceed ed ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 . ▁Mang ak ino ▁also ▁serv iced ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁A ti am uri ▁and ▁Oh ak uri ▁hydro ▁schemes ▁further ▁up stream ▁which ▁were ▁commission ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁respectively . ▁Mang ak ino ▁and ▁to ▁a ▁less er ▁extent ▁Wh ak amar u ▁and ▁A ti am uri , ▁o we ▁their ▁existence ▁to ▁the ▁hydro ▁schemes ▁and ▁the ▁roads ▁constructed ▁gave ▁access ▁which ▁allowed ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁land ▁for ▁far ming ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁The ▁decl ine ▁for ▁Mang ak ino ▁occurred ▁after ▁the ▁hydro ▁d ams ▁were ▁commission ed ▁and ▁over ▁time ▁communities ▁such ▁as ▁Mar a eta i ▁and ▁Wa ip apa ▁disappeared ▁altogether . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁the ▁Mang ak ino ▁Township ▁In cor por ation ▁obtained ▁appro val ▁through ▁the ▁M ā ori ▁Land ▁Court ▁to ▁leg ally ▁change ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁resident ial ▁sections ▁in ▁Mang ak ino ▁from ▁Ma ori ▁land ▁to ▁General ▁title . ▁They ▁then ▁put