▁vot ers . ▁ ▁Progress ive ▁era ▁The ▁ 1 8 8 3 ▁law ▁only ▁applied ▁to ▁federal ▁jobs : ▁not ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁and ▁local ▁jobs ▁that ▁were ▁the ▁main ▁basis ▁for ▁political ▁machines . ▁ ▁Eth ical ▁deg ener ation ▁was ▁halt ed ▁by ▁reform ▁in ▁civil ▁service ▁and ▁municipal ▁reform ▁in ▁the ▁Progress ive ▁Era , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁struct ural ▁changes ▁in ▁administrative ▁depart ments ▁and ▁changes ▁in ▁the ▁way ▁the ▁government ▁managed ▁public ▁affairs . ▁ ▁Rec ent ▁Civil ▁Service ▁Reform ▁E ff ort s ▁ ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ▁Administration ▁E ff ort s ▁▁ ▁Bar ack ▁H . ▁Ob ama ▁Administration ▁E ff ort s ▁ ▁Through out ▁President ▁Bar ack ▁H . ▁Ob ama ' s ▁Administration , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Office ▁of ▁Person nel ▁Management ▁( OP M )' s ▁" over arch ing ▁focus ▁has ▁been ▁to ▁modern ize ▁the ▁way ▁OP M ▁supports ▁ag encies , ▁current ▁and ▁former ▁Federal ▁employees , ▁and ▁their ▁families ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁Federal ▁Work force ▁better ▁serves ▁the ▁American ▁people ." ▁ ▁Donald ▁Trump ▁Administration ▁E ff ort s ▁ ▁President ▁Donald ▁J . ▁Trump ▁took ▁action ▁on ▁reform ing ▁the ▁civil ▁service ▁by ▁signing ▁" a ▁tri o ▁of ▁executive ▁orders ▁that ▁reform ▁civil ▁service ▁rules ▁by ▁exp edit ing ▁term ination ▁for ▁cause , ▁rev amp ing ▁union ▁contract s ▁and ▁limit ing ▁tax p ayer - fund ed ▁union ▁work ▁at ▁ag encies " ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁