▁as ▁air lines ▁sought ▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁costs ▁of ▁sp ares ▁by ▁finding ▁alternative ▁sources ▁of ▁parts . ▁During ▁this ▁time ▁period , ▁though , ▁many ▁manufact ur ers ▁failed ▁to ▁obtain ▁P MA ▁appro val s ▁from ▁the ▁F AA . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁the ▁F AA ▁engaged ▁in ▁an ▁" En hanced ▁En for cement " ▁program ▁that ▁educated ▁the ▁industry ▁about ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁appro val ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁consequence ▁a ▁huge ▁number ▁of ▁parts ▁were ▁approved ▁through ▁formal ▁F AA ▁mechan isms . ▁▁ ▁Under ▁this ▁program , ▁companies ▁that ▁had ▁previously ▁manufact ured ▁aircraft ▁parts ▁without ▁P MA s ▁could ▁apply ▁for ▁P MA s ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁bring ▁their ▁manufact uring ▁operations ▁into ▁full ▁comp liance ▁with ▁the ▁reg ulations . ▁ ▁This ▁movement ▁brought ▁an ▁explos ion ▁of ▁P MA ▁parts ▁to ▁the ▁market place . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Rule ▁Change ▁ ▁The ▁F AA ▁published ▁a ▁significant ▁revision ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁manufact uring ▁reg ulations ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁This ▁new ▁rule ▁elimin ates ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁legal ▁dist in ctions ▁between ▁forms ▁of ▁production ▁appro val ▁issued ▁by ▁the ▁F AA , ▁which ▁should ▁have ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁further ▁demonstr ating ▁the ▁F AA ' s ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁quality ▁systems ▁implemented ▁by ▁P MA ▁manufact ur ers . ▁ ▁Specifically , ▁instead ▁of ▁having ▁a ▁separate ▁body ▁of ▁reg ulations ▁for ▁a