2 0 th - century ▁American ▁po ets ▁Category : Trans l ators ▁of ▁H omer <0x0A> </s> ▁Eth mo ce ph aly ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁ce phal ic ▁dis order ▁caused ▁by ▁hol op ros ence ph aly . ▁Eth mo ce ph aly ▁is ▁the ▁least ▁common ▁fa cial ▁anom aly . ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁prob os cis ▁separ ating ▁narrow - set ▁eyes ▁with ▁an ▁absent ▁nose ▁and ▁micro ph th alm ia ▁( ab normal ▁small ness ▁of ▁one ▁or ▁both ▁eyes ). ▁C eb oce ph aly , ▁another ▁fa cial ▁anom aly , ▁is ▁character ized ▁by ▁a ▁small , ▁fl atten ed ▁nose ▁with ▁a ▁single ▁nost ril ▁situated ▁below ▁incomplete ▁or ▁under develop ed ▁closely ▁set ▁eyes . ▁▁ ▁The ▁least ▁severe ▁in ▁the ▁spectrum ▁of ▁fa cial ▁anom al ies ▁is ▁the ▁median ▁c left ▁lip , ▁also ▁called ▁pre max ill ary ▁ag en esis . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁causes ▁of ▁most ▁cases ▁of ▁hol op ros ence ph aly ▁remain ▁unknown , ▁some ▁may ▁be ▁due ▁to ▁ ▁dominant ▁or ▁chrom os ome ▁causes . ▁Such ▁chrom os om al ▁anom al ies ▁as ▁tr is omy ▁ 1 3 ▁and ▁tr is omy ▁ 1 8 ▁have ▁been ▁found ▁in ▁association ▁with ▁hol op ros ence ph aly , ▁or ▁other ▁neural ▁t ube ▁defect s . ▁Gen etic ▁coun sel ing ▁and ▁gen etic ▁testing , ▁such ▁as ▁am ni oc entes is , ▁is ▁usually ▁offered ▁during