▁peak ▁during ▁the ▁Great ▁Pur ge ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 7 – 3 8 , ▁which ▁removed ▁many ▁sk illed ▁man agers ▁and ▁exper ts ▁and ▁consider ably ▁slow ed ▁industrial ▁production ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁ ▁Econom y ▁ ▁Collect iv ization ▁of ▁agricult ure ▁ ▁Under ▁the ▁NE P , ▁Len in ▁had ▁to ▁toler ate ▁the ▁continued ▁existence ▁of ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁agricult ure . ▁He ▁decided ▁to ▁wait ▁at ▁least ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁before ▁attempting ▁to ▁place ▁it ▁under ▁state ▁control ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁meant ime ▁concent rate ▁on ▁industrial ▁development . ▁However , ▁after ▁St alin ' s ▁rise ▁to ▁power , ▁the ▁tim et able ▁for ▁collect iv ization ▁was ▁short ened ▁to ▁just ▁five ▁years . ▁Dem and ▁for ▁food ▁intens ified , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁USS R ' s ▁primary ▁gra in ▁producing ▁regions , ▁with ▁new , ▁forced ▁approaches ▁implemented . ▁Upon ▁joining ▁kol k ho zes ▁( collect ive ▁far ms ), ▁pe as ants ▁had ▁to ▁give ▁up ▁their ▁private ▁plots ▁of ▁land ▁and ▁property . ▁Every ▁har vest , ▁Kol k hoz ▁production ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁for ▁a ▁low ▁price ▁set ▁by ▁the ▁state ▁itself . ▁However , ▁the ▁natural ▁progress ▁of ▁collect iv ization ▁was ▁slow , ▁and ▁the ▁November ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁Pl enum ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Committee ▁decided ▁to ▁acceler ate ▁collect iv ization ▁through ▁force . ▁In ▁any ▁case , ▁Russian ▁pe asant ▁culture ▁formed ▁a ▁bul w ark