▁language ▁of ▁Title ▁VII ▁" must ▁therefore ▁be ▁read ▁against ▁the ▁background ▁of ▁the ▁legisl ative ▁history ▁of ▁Title ▁VII ▁and ▁the ▁historical ▁context ▁from ▁which ▁the ▁Act ▁arose ". ▁Id . Just ice ▁Anton in ▁S cal ia , ▁referring ▁to ▁the ▁holding ▁in ▁the ▁Holy ▁Tr inity ▁decision ▁as ▁the ▁" pro tot yp ical ▁case " ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁judge ▁follows ▁the ▁intent ▁of ▁the ▁legisl ature ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁text ▁of ▁the ▁stat ute , ▁wrote ▁that ▁this ▁was ▁in ▁opposition ▁to ▁his ▁jud icial ▁philosophy ▁of ▁text ual ism . ▁The ▁text ual ist ▁position ▁holds ▁that ▁courts ▁should ▁follow ▁the ▁text ▁of ▁a ▁law ▁rather ▁than ▁attempt ▁to ▁read ▁exceptions ▁into ▁the ▁law ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁legisl ative ▁intent . ▁S cal ia ▁has ▁thus ▁critic ized ▁the ▁principle ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Tr inity ▁case ▁as ▁" nothing ▁but ▁an ▁inv itation ▁to ▁jud icial ▁law making ". ▁ ▁In ▁Public ▁Cit izen ▁v . ▁Department ▁of ▁Justice ' ', ▁ 4 9 1 ▁U . S . ▁ 4 4 0 ▁( 1 9 8 9 ), ▁Justice ▁Anthony ▁Kennedy , ▁joined ▁by ▁Chief ▁Justice ▁William ▁Re hn qu ist ▁and ▁Justice ▁Sand ra ▁Day ▁O ' Con nor , ▁rejected ▁this ▁approach ▁to ▁determ ining ▁con gression al ▁intent . ▁Kennedy ▁wrote : ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁religion ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁cases , ▁volume ▁ 1 4 3 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁