▁ ▁Gh ana ▁Gh ana ians ▁have ▁alleg ed ▁Chinese ▁min ers ▁of ▁il leg ally ▁se izing ▁jobs , ▁poll uting ▁community ▁water ▁supplies , ▁and ▁disturb ing ▁agricult ural ▁production ▁through ▁their ▁work . ▁ ▁A ▁six teen - year - old ▁illegal ▁Chinese ▁min er ▁was ▁shot ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁while ▁trying ▁to ▁escape ▁arrest . ▁ ▁Z amb ia ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Chinese ▁business es ▁were ▁target ed ▁in ▁ri ots ▁by ▁angry ▁crow ds ▁after ▁the ▁elect oral ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁anti - Ch ina ▁Patri otic ▁Front . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁a ▁reported ▁sp ate ▁of ▁violent ▁inc idents ▁target ing ▁the ▁Chinese ▁community ▁was ▁alleg edly ▁linked ▁to ▁local ▁politics . ▁President ial ▁candidate ▁Michael ▁S ata ▁frequently ▁invoked ▁anti - Ch inese ▁r het or ic ▁prior ▁to ▁winning ▁his ▁election ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁once ▁describing ▁the ▁Chinese ▁in ▁Z amb ia ▁as ▁not ▁invest ors ▁but ▁" inv aders ". ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁study ▁from ▁the ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁suggested ▁though ▁that ▁loc als ▁held ▁more ▁nu anced ▁views ▁of ▁Chinese ▁people , ▁ranking ▁them ▁not ▁as ▁highly ▁as ▁C au cas ians , ▁but ▁also ▁less ▁neg atively ▁than ▁Leb an ese , ▁and ▁to ▁some ▁extent , ▁Indian ▁people . ▁ ▁South ▁Africa ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁the ▁British ▁Empire , ▁which ▁used ▁to ▁control ▁most