et ia . ▁ ▁The ▁orig ins ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁att ested ▁personnel ▁are ▁unknown . ▁The ▁honor ific ▁title ▁civ ium ▁Roman orum ▁( c . R . ▁for ▁short ) ▁first ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁record ▁in ▁ 1 1 6 . ▁It ▁was ▁normally ▁awarded ▁by ▁the ▁em peror ▁for ▁val our ▁to ▁an ▁auxili ary ▁regiment ▁as ▁a ▁whole . ▁The ▁award ▁would ▁include ▁the ▁grant ▁of ▁Roman ▁citizens hip ▁to ▁all ▁the ▁regiment ' s ▁men , ▁but ▁not ▁to ▁subsequent ▁rec ruits ▁to ▁the ▁regiment . ▁The ▁regiment , ▁however , ▁would ▁retain ▁the ▁pr estig ious ▁title ▁in ▁perpet u ity . ▁Until ▁ 2 1 2 , ▁only ▁a ▁minor ity ▁of ▁the ▁emp ire ' s ▁inhabitants ▁( inc . ▁all ▁It ali ans ) ▁held ▁full ▁Roman ▁citizens hip . ▁The ▁rest ▁were ▁denoted ▁per egr ini , ▁a ▁second - class ▁status . ▁Since ▁the ▁leg ions ▁admitted ▁only ▁citizens , ▁per egr ini ▁could ▁only ▁en list ▁in ▁the ▁aux ilia . ▁Cit iz ens hip ▁carried ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁tax ▁and ▁other ▁privileges ▁and ▁was ▁highly ▁sought - after . ▁It ▁could ▁also ▁be ▁earned ▁by ▁serving ▁the ▁minimum ▁ 2 5 - year ▁term ▁in ▁the ▁aux ilia . ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Gold sw orth y , ▁Ad rian ▁The ▁Complete ▁Roman ▁Army ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁H older , ▁Paul ▁Studies ▁in ▁the ▁A ux ilia ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Army ▁( 1 9