▁As ▁seen ▁above , ▁die lect ric ▁complex ▁rel uct ance ▁is ▁a ▁ph as or ▁represented ▁as ▁upper case ▁Z ▁e psilon ▁where : ▁▁ ▁and ▁ ▁represent ▁the ▁voltage ▁( complex ▁effective ▁amplitude ) ▁▁ ▁and ▁ ▁represent ▁the ▁electric ▁induction ▁flux ▁( complex ▁effective ▁amplitude ) ▁ ▁, ▁lower case ▁z ▁e psilon , ▁is ▁the ▁real ▁part ▁of ▁die lect ric ▁rel uct ance ▁ ▁The ▁" loss less " ▁die lect ric ▁rel uct ance , ▁lower case ▁z ▁e psilon , ▁is ▁equal ▁to ▁the ▁absolute ▁value ▁( mod ulus ) ▁of ▁the ▁die lect ric ▁complex ▁rel uct ance . ▁The ▁argument ▁distingu ishing ▁the ▁" loss y " ▁die lect ric ▁complex ▁rel uct ance ▁from ▁the ▁" loss less " ▁die lect ric ▁rel uct ance ▁is ▁equal ▁to ▁the ▁natural ▁number ▁ ▁raised ▁to ▁a ▁power ▁equal ▁to : ▁▁▁▁ ▁Where : ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁imag inary ▁unit ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁phase ▁of ▁voltage ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁phase ▁of ▁electric ▁induction ▁flux ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁phase ▁difference ▁ ▁The ▁" loss y " ▁die lect ric ▁complex ▁rel uct ance ▁represents ▁a ▁die lect ric ▁circuit ▁element ' s ▁resistance ▁to ▁not ▁only ▁electric ▁induction ▁flux ▁but ▁also ▁to ▁changes ▁in ▁electric ▁induction ▁flux . ▁ ▁When ▁applied ▁to ▁harm onic ▁reg imes , ▁this ▁form ality ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁Oh m ' s ▁Law ▁in ▁ideal ▁AC ▁circ uits . ▁In ▁die lect ric ▁circ uits , ▁a ▁die lect ric ▁material