▁did ▁not ▁include ▁care ers ▁in ▁the ▁sciences ▁or ▁chem istry . ▁I ▁would ▁say ▁that ▁soci etal ▁expect ations , ▁even ▁today , ▁as ▁to ▁what ▁is ▁good ▁for ▁women , ▁including ▁in ▁the ▁UK , ▁do ▁not ▁always ▁include ▁scientific ▁studies ." ▁ ▁G ai ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Cambridge ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁Ph D ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁for ▁research ▁on ▁weak ▁beam ▁electron ▁micro sc opy ▁conducted ▁in ▁the ▁Cav end ish ▁Labor atory . ▁ ▁Research ▁and ▁career ▁G ai ▁has ▁pione ered ▁advanced ▁in - s itu ▁electron ▁micro sc opy ▁applications ▁in ▁the ▁chemical ▁sciences . ▁With ▁Edward ▁D . ▁Bo yes , ▁she ▁co - in vent ed ▁the ▁atomic ▁resolution ▁environmental ▁transmission ▁electron ▁mic ros cope ▁( ET EM ), ▁which ▁enables ▁the ▁visual isation ▁and ▁analysis ▁on ▁the ▁atomic ▁scale ▁of ▁dynamic ▁gas - catal yst ▁re actions ▁under pin ning ▁key ▁chemical ▁processes . ▁Her ▁research ▁has ▁helped ▁to ▁understand ▁better ▁how ▁catal yst s ▁function , ▁leading ▁to ▁valuable ▁new ▁science . ▁Her ▁mic ros cope ▁and ▁process ▁invent ions ▁are ▁being ▁explo ited ▁world wide ▁by ▁mic ros cope ▁manufact ur ers , ▁chemical ▁companies ▁and ▁research ers . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁after ▁years ▁of ▁development , ▁G ai , ▁who ▁holds ▁a ▁chair ▁in ▁electron ▁micro sc opy ▁and ▁was ▁co - direct or ▁of ▁the ▁York ▁J E OL ▁Nan oc entre ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁York