▁of ▁base ▁current ▁I base . ▁ ▁The ▁inter sections ▁of ▁the ▁load ▁line ▁with ▁the ▁trans istor ▁characteristic ▁curves ▁represent ▁the ▁circuit - const rained ▁values ▁of ▁IC ▁and ▁V CE ▁at ▁different ▁base ▁curr ents . ▁▁ ▁If ▁the ▁trans istor ▁could ▁pass ▁all ▁the ▁current ▁available , ▁with ▁no ▁voltage ▁dropped ▁across ▁it , ▁the ▁collect or ▁current ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁supply ▁voltage ▁V ▁CC ▁over ▁R L . ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁point ▁where ▁the ▁load ▁line ▁cross es ▁the ▁vertical ▁axis . ▁Even ▁at ▁s atur ation , ▁however , ▁there ▁will ▁always ▁be ▁some ▁voltage ▁from ▁collect or ▁to ▁em itter . ▁▁ ▁Where ▁the ▁load ▁line ▁cross es ▁the ▁horizontal ▁axis , ▁the ▁trans istor ▁current ▁is ▁minimum ▁( appro xim ately ▁zero ). ▁The ▁trans istor ▁is ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁cut ▁off , ▁passing ▁only ▁a ▁very ▁small ▁leak age ▁current , ▁and ▁so ▁very ▁nearly ▁the ▁entire ▁supply ▁voltage ▁appears ▁as ▁V CE . ▁ ▁The ▁operating ▁point ▁of ▁the ▁circuit ▁in ▁this ▁configuration ▁( label led ▁Q ) ▁is ▁generally ▁designed ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁active ▁region , ▁approximately ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁load ▁line ▁for ▁ampl ifier ▁applications . ▁Ad just ing ▁the ▁base ▁current ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁circuit ▁is ▁at ▁this ▁operating ▁point ▁with ▁no ▁signal ▁applied ▁ ▁is ▁called ▁bias ing ▁the ▁trans istor . ▁Several ▁techniques ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁stabil ize ▁the ▁operating ▁point ▁against ▁minor ▁changes ▁in ▁temperature ▁or ▁trans istor ▁operating ▁characteristics . ▁When ▁a ▁signal ▁is