▁by ▁means ▁of ▁treat ies ▁with ▁other ▁countries . ▁These ▁concerns ▁came ▁to ▁a ▁head ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁with ▁the ▁Br icker ▁Am end ment , ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁proposed ▁am end ments ▁that ▁would ▁have ▁placed ▁restrictions ▁on ▁the ▁scope ▁and ▁rat ification ▁of ▁treat ies ▁and ▁executive ▁agre ements ▁entered ▁into ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁More ▁recently , ▁a ▁similar ▁provision ▁has ▁been ▁proposed ▁as ▁the ▁fourth ▁article ▁of ▁the ▁Bill ▁of ▁Federal ism , ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁ten ▁proposed ▁am end ments ▁draft ed ▁by ▁law ▁professor ▁R andy ▁Bar nett . ▁ ▁Professor ▁Jud ith ▁Res nik ▁of ▁Y ale ▁Law ▁School ▁cont ests ▁the ▁imp lication ▁that ▁Missouri ▁allows ▁for ▁treat ies ▁to ▁expand ▁the ▁federal ▁government ' s ▁power , ▁arg uing ▁that ▁in ▁the ▁dec ades ▁since ▁the ▁decision , ▁courts ▁have ▁ruled ▁that ▁the ▁Com merce ▁Cla use ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Constitution ▁provides ▁Congress ▁with ▁bro ader ▁regul atory ▁power ▁without ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁treat y . ▁ ▁Jur ist ▁and ▁law ▁professor ▁Thomas ▁He aly ▁has ▁suggested ▁that ▁Missouri ▁may ▁not ▁be ▁good ▁law , ▁meaning ▁more ▁recent ▁dec isions ▁could ▁over turn ▁the ▁r uling ▁and ▁establish ▁new ▁limits ▁on ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁power . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Louis ▁Marshall , ▁New ▁York ▁lawyer ▁who ▁submitted ▁an ▁am icus ▁cura e ▁brief ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁on ▁Missouri ▁v . ▁Holland ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁for