▁path way ▁act ▁with ▁ret rom er ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁path way ▁or ▁are ▁involved ▁in ▁alternative ▁path ways . ▁Rec ent ▁studies ▁have ▁imp licated ▁ret rom er ▁sorting ▁defect s ▁in ▁Al z heimer ' s ▁disease ▁and ▁late - ons et ▁Park inson ▁disease ▁▁ ▁Ret rom er ▁also ▁seems ▁to ▁play ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁He pat itis ▁C ▁Vir us ▁rep lication . ▁ ▁Ret rom er - medi ated ▁retro grade ▁tra ff ick ing ▁The ▁association ▁of ▁the ▁V ps 3 5 - V ps 2 9 - V ps 2 6 ▁complex ▁to ▁the ▁c yt os ol ic ▁domains ▁of ▁cargo ▁mole cules ▁end os om al ▁memb ran es ▁initi ates ▁the ▁activation ▁of ▁retro grade ▁tra ff ick ing ▁and ▁cargo ▁capture . ▁The ▁nucle ation ▁complex ▁was ▁formed ▁through ▁the ▁interaction ▁of ▁V PS ▁complex ▁with ▁G TP - activ ated ▁Rab 7 ▁with ▁cl ath rin , ▁cl ath rin - ada pt ors ▁and ▁various ▁binding ▁prote ins . ▁ ▁The ▁SN X - B AR ▁dim er ▁enters ▁the ▁nucle ation ▁complex ▁via ▁direct ▁binding ▁or ▁later al ▁movement ▁on ▁end os om al ▁surface . ▁The ▁increased ▁level ▁of ▁Ret rom er ▁SN X - B AR s ▁causes ▁a ▁conform ational ▁switch ▁to ▁a ▁curv ature - ind uc ing ▁mode ▁which ▁initi ates ▁memb rane ▁tub ule ▁formation . ▁Once ▁the ▁cargo ▁carri ers ▁are ▁m ature d , ▁the ▁car rier ▁sc ission ▁is ▁then