▁al - U rad i . ▁The ▁latter ▁was ▁challeng ed ▁by ▁Z ah ir ' s ▁un cles , ▁D and an ▁and ▁F ay y ad , ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁un success ful ▁as ▁A hm ad ▁commanded ▁the ▁loyal ty ▁of ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Bed ou in ▁tribes . ▁ ▁A hm ad ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 6 1 5 ▁and ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁son ▁Sh ad id ▁until ▁he ▁was ▁killed ▁by ▁Z ah ir ' s ▁son , ▁M ud lij ▁II . ▁The ▁latter ▁did ▁not ▁gain ▁the ▁im ar at ▁al - ʿ arab , ▁however , ▁and ▁Sh ad id ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁F ay y ad , ▁who ▁held ▁the ▁post ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 6 1 8 . ▁After ward , ▁F ay y ad ' s ▁son ▁Hus ay n ▁was ▁appointed ▁but ▁then ▁M ud lij ▁II ▁was ▁recognized ▁as ▁am ir ▁al - ʿ arab ▁after ▁he ▁challeng ed ▁Hus ay n . ▁Hus ay n ▁and ▁M ud lij ▁both ▁sought ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁Em ir ▁F ak hr ▁ad - D in ▁II , ▁a ▁Dru ze ▁ch ie ft ain ▁of ▁the ▁Ban u ▁Ma ' an ▁who ▁became ▁a ▁powerful ▁semi - aut onom ous ▁force ▁in ▁Sy ria . ▁Hus ay n ▁was ▁ultimately ▁str ang led ▁by ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁governor ▁of ▁Ale ppo ▁in ▁ 1 6 2 3 , ▁after ▁M ud lij ▁II ▁b rib ed ▁him .