▁of ▁the ▁st om ach . ▁ ▁The ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁saw ▁further ▁develop ments , ▁with ▁Kol le ▁( N or way ), ▁Mol ina ▁& ▁O ria ▁( US ), ▁Nas l und ▁( Sw eden ), ▁F ry den berg ▁( Austral ia ) ▁and ▁K uz m ack ▁( Un ited ▁States ) ▁impl ant ing ▁non - ad just able ▁g astr ic ▁bands ▁made ▁from ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁different ▁materials , ▁including ▁mar lex ▁mesh , ▁d ac ron ▁v asc ular ▁prost h esis , ▁sil ic one ▁covered ▁mesh ▁and ▁G ore - Tex , ▁among ▁others . ▁In ▁addition , ▁Bash our ▁developed ▁the ▁" g astro - clip ", ▁a ▁ 1 0 . 5   cm ▁poly pro py l ene ▁clip ▁with ▁a ▁ 5 0 cc ▁p ouch ▁and ▁a ▁fixed ▁ 1 . 2 5   cm ▁st oma , ▁which ▁was ▁later ▁abandoned ▁due ▁to ▁high ▁rates ▁of ▁g astr ic ▁er os ion ▁ ▁All ▁these ▁early ▁attempts ▁at ▁restriction ▁using ▁mes hes , ▁bands ▁and ▁cli ps ▁showed ▁a ▁high ▁failure ▁rate ▁due ▁to ▁difficulty ▁in ▁ach ieving ▁correct ▁st om al ▁diameter , ▁st om ach ▁sli pp age , ▁er os ion , ▁food ▁int ol er ance , ▁int ract able ▁vom iting ▁and ▁p ouch ▁dil at ation . ▁Despite ▁these ▁difficulties , ▁an ▁important ▁anc ill ary ▁observation ▁was ▁that ▁sil ic one ▁was ▁identified ▁as ▁the