8 8 , ▁s ack ed ▁the ▁Northern ▁Y uan ' s ▁capital ▁at ▁Kar ak orum . ▁ ▁The ▁M ing ▁Great ▁Wall ▁was ▁strength ened ▁and ▁the ▁period ▁was ▁character ized ▁by ▁repeated ▁Mong ol ▁ra ids ▁into ▁China ▁and ▁Chinese ▁ra ids ▁into ▁Mong olia . ▁During ▁the ▁Q ing ▁con quest ▁of ▁the ▁M ing , ▁the ▁Mong ol ▁leader ▁Lig dan ▁Khan ▁al lied ▁with ▁the ▁M ing ▁against ▁the ▁Q ing ▁until ▁Lig dan ▁was ▁defeated ▁by ▁Q ing ▁forces ▁and ▁Inner ▁Mong olia ▁was ▁conquer ed ▁by ▁the ▁Q ing . ▁In ▁ 1 6 4 4 , ▁the ▁M ing ▁D ynast y ▁was ▁over th rown ▁by ▁pe asant ▁reb els ▁under ▁Li ▁Z ich eng , ▁who ▁established ▁the ▁short ▁lived ▁Sh un ▁D ynast y ▁which ▁would ▁soon ▁be ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Q ing ▁D ynast y . ▁During ▁the ▁Q ing ▁rule ▁from ▁ 1 6 9 1 , ▁Inner ▁and ▁Out er ▁Mong olia ▁were ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁the ▁emp ire . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁dynast y ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 , ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁China ▁was ▁established ▁and ▁Mong olia ▁declared ▁its ▁independence ▁after ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 ▁years ▁of ▁Q ing ▁dynast y ▁rule . ▁During ▁this ▁period , ▁the ▁Bei y ang ▁government ▁as ▁the ▁successor ▁to ▁the ▁Q ing ▁claimed ▁Mong olia ▁as ▁Chinese ▁territory , ▁but ▁lack ed ▁any ▁stable ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁region ▁due ▁to