▁Cold ▁War ▁doctrine ▁of ▁" National ▁Security " ▁against ▁internal ▁sub version . ▁Through out ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁Peru ▁suffered ▁from ▁an ▁internal ▁conflict ▁( see ▁T ú p ac ▁Am aru ▁Revolution ary ▁Mov ement ▁and ▁Sh ining ▁Path ). ▁Revolution ary ▁movements ▁and ▁right - wing ▁military ▁dict ator ships ▁have ▁been ▁common , ▁but ▁starting ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁a ▁wave ▁of ▁dem ocrat ization ▁came ▁through ▁the ▁continent , ▁and ▁dem ocr atic ▁rule ▁is ▁w ides p read ▁now . ▁Al leg ations ▁of ▁cor ruption ▁remain ▁common , ▁and ▁several ▁nations ▁have ▁seen ▁cr ises ▁which ▁have ▁forced ▁the ▁res ignation ▁of ▁their ▁pres idents , ▁although ▁normal ▁civil ian ▁succession ▁has ▁continued . ▁ ▁International ▁inde bt ed ness ▁became ▁a ▁notable ▁problem , ▁as ▁most ▁recently ▁illustrated ▁by ▁Argentina ' s ▁default ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 1 st ▁century . ▁In ▁recent ▁years , ▁South ▁American ▁govern ments ▁have ▁dr ift ed ▁to ▁the ▁left , ▁with ▁social ist ▁leaders ▁being ▁elected ▁in ▁Chile , ▁Boliv ia , ▁Brazil , ▁Venezuela , ▁and ▁a ▁left ist ▁president ▁in ▁Argentina ▁and ▁Uruguay . ▁Despite ▁the ▁move ▁to ▁the ▁left , ▁South ▁America ▁is ▁still ▁largely ▁capital ist . ▁With ▁the ▁found ing ▁of ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁South ▁American ▁Nations , ▁South ▁America ▁has ▁started ▁down ▁the ▁road ▁of ▁economic ▁integration , ▁with ▁plans ▁for ▁political ▁integration ▁in ▁the ▁European