▁have ▁also ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁be ▁effective . ▁Support ive ▁ther apy ▁such ▁as ▁blood ▁products ▁and ▁flu ids ▁may ▁be ▁necessary . ▁ ▁Ep ide mi ology ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁an ap las mos is ▁is ▁not ably ▁present ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁and ▁west , ▁where ▁the ▁tick ▁hosts ▁I x odes ▁s pp . ▁are ▁found . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁seem ingly ▁increasing ▁ant ib ody ▁in ▁humans ▁in ▁Europe . ▁ ▁Although ▁v acc ines ▁have ▁been ▁developed , ▁none ▁are ▁currently ▁available ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Early ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁this ▁disease ▁was ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁major ▁economic ▁consequence ▁in ▁the ▁western ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁control ▁of ▁t icks ▁through ▁new ▁ac ar ic ides ▁and ▁practical ▁treatment ▁with ▁prolong ed - action ▁ant ib iot ics , ▁not ably ▁t et racy cl ine , ▁has ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁point ▁where ▁the ▁disease ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁considered ▁a ▁major ▁problem . ▁The ▁disease ▁affect s ▁imm un og lob ul in ▁G , ▁therefore ▁G - specific ▁ant ib ody ▁levels ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁diagn ose ▁the ▁disease . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁A . ▁o vis ▁was ▁found ▁in ▁rein de er ▁populations ▁in ▁Mong olia . ▁This ▁path ogen ▁and ▁its ▁associated ▁synd rome ▁( character ized ▁by ▁le th arg y , ▁fe