d Cl 2 ( Me CN ) 2 , ▁P d Cl 2 ( P Ph 3 ) 2 , ▁B n P d Cl ( P Ph 3 ) 2 , ▁etc .) ▁by ▁added ▁ph osph ine ▁lig ands ▁or ▁organ ot in ▁re ag ents ▁is ▁also ▁common ▁ ▁Ox id ative ▁addition ▁Ox id ative ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 4 - elect ron ▁P d ( 0 ) ▁complex ▁is ▁proposed . ▁ ▁This ▁process ▁gives ▁a ▁ 1 6 - elect ron ▁P d ( II ) ▁species . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁suggested ▁that ▁an ionic ▁lig ands , ▁such ▁as ▁O Ac , ▁acceler ate ▁this ▁step ▁by ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁[ P d ( O Ac )( PR 3 ) n ] − , ▁making ▁the ▁p all ad ium ▁species ▁more ▁nucle oph ill ic . ▁In ▁some ▁cases , ▁especially ▁when ▁an ▁sp 3 - hy brid ized ▁organ oh al ide ▁is ▁used , ▁an ▁SN 2 ▁type ▁mechanism ▁tends ▁to ▁prev ail , ▁yet ▁this ▁is ▁not ▁as ▁commonly ▁seen ▁in ▁the ▁literature . ▁However , ▁despite ▁normally ▁forming ▁a ▁c is - inter mediate ▁after ▁a ▁concert ed ▁ox id ative ▁addition , ▁this ▁product ▁is ▁in ▁rapid ▁equilibrium ▁with ▁its ▁trans - is omer . ▁ ▁Trans met al ation ▁ ▁The ▁trans met al ation ▁of ▁the ▁trans ▁intermediate ▁from ▁the ▁ox id ative ▁addition ▁step ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁proceed ▁via ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁mechan isms ▁depending