▁came ▁from ▁Ron ald ▁In gle hart ' s ▁research ▁into ▁national ▁opinions ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁World ▁Val ues ▁Survey , ▁although ▁In gle hart ' s ▁research ▁described ▁the ▁values ▁of ▁countries ▁rather ▁than ▁individuals ▁or ▁groups ▁of ▁individuals ▁within ▁nations . ▁In gle hart ' s ▁two - factor ▁solution ▁took ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁Fer g us on ' s ▁original ▁religion ism ▁and ▁human itar ian ism ▁dimensions ; ▁In gle hart ▁label led ▁them ▁" sec ular ism – trad itional ism ", ▁which ▁covered ▁issues ▁of ▁tradition ▁and ▁religion , ▁like ▁patri ot ism , ▁abort ion , ▁e uth anas ia ▁and ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁obey ing ▁the ▁law ▁and ▁authority ▁figures , ▁and ▁" sur v ival ism ▁– ▁self ▁expression ", ▁which ▁measured ▁issues ▁like ▁every day ▁conduct ▁and ▁dress , ▁accept ance ▁of ▁divers ity ▁( including ▁foreign ers ) ▁and ▁innov ation ▁and ▁att itudes ▁towards ▁people ▁with ▁specific ▁controvers ial ▁l ifest yles ▁such ▁as ▁hom osex ual ity ▁and ▁veget arian ism , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁willing ness ▁to ▁eng age ▁in ▁political ▁activ ism . ▁See ▁for ▁In gle hart ' s ▁national ▁chart . ▁ ▁Other ▁double - axis ▁models ▁ ▁Green berg ▁and ▁Jon as : ▁left – right , ▁ide ological ▁rig id ity ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Psych ological ▁Bul letin ▁paper , ▁Jeff ▁Green berg ▁and ▁Eva ▁Jon as ▁posit ▁a ▁model ▁compr ising ▁the ▁standard ▁left – right ▁axis ▁and