▁important ▁languages . ▁Iron cl ad ▁uniform ity ▁of ▁opinion ▁was ▁the ▁norm ▁during ▁the ▁Soviet ▁era . ▁Type writ ers ▁and ▁printing ▁press es ▁were ▁closely ▁controlled ▁into ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁to ▁prevent ▁una ut hor ized ▁publications . ▁Sam iz dat ▁illegal ▁circul ation ▁of ▁sub vers ive ▁fiction ▁and ▁non f iction ▁was ▁brut ally ▁suppress ed . ▁The ▁rare ▁exceptions ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁uniform ity ▁in ▁the ▁official ▁media ▁were ▁indic ators ▁of ▁high - level ▁batt les . ▁ ▁The ▁Soviet ▁draft ▁constitution ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁was ▁an ▁instance . ▁P rav da ▁and ▁Tr ud ▁( the ▁paper ▁for ▁manual ▁workers ) ▁pra ised ▁the ▁draft ▁constitution . ▁However ▁Iz vest i ia ▁was ▁controlled ▁by ▁Nikol ai ▁B uk har in ▁and ▁it ▁published ▁negative ▁letters ▁and ▁reports . ▁B uk har in ▁won ▁out ▁and ▁the ▁party ▁line ▁changed ▁and ▁started ▁to ▁attack ▁" T rot sky ite " ▁opposition ists ▁and ▁tra itors . ▁B uk har in ' s ▁success ▁was ▁short - l ived ; ▁he ▁was ▁arrested ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁given ▁a ▁show ▁trial ▁and ▁executed . ▁ ▁Education ▁For ▁propag anda ▁to ▁be ▁effective ▁it ▁had ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁entire ▁population , ▁yet ▁the ▁great ▁majority ▁of ▁pe as ants ▁were ▁ill iter ate . ▁The ▁success ▁of ▁commun ism ▁dep ended ▁on ▁their ▁becoming ▁liter ate . ▁Indust rial ▁workers ▁needed ▁to ▁be ▁educated ▁in