ing ▁the ▁cogn itive ▁revolution ▁include ▁psych ologist ▁George ▁Miller ' s ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁article ▁" The ▁Mag ical ▁Number ▁Seven , ▁Plus ▁or ▁Min us ▁Two " ▁( one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁frequently ▁c ited ▁papers ▁in ▁psych ology ), ▁lingu ist ▁No am ▁Ch om sky ' s ▁S ynt actic ▁Struct ures ▁( 1 9 5 7 ) ▁and ▁" Re view ▁of ▁B . ▁F . ▁Sk inner ' s ▁Ver bal ▁Be havior " ▁( 1 9 5 9 ), ▁and ▁found ational ▁works ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁artificial ▁intelligence ▁by ▁John ▁Mc Car thy , ▁Mar vin ▁Min sky , ▁Allen ▁New ell , ▁and ▁Herbert ▁Simon , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁article ▁" Elements ▁of ▁a ▁Theory ▁of ▁Human ▁Problem ▁Sol ving ". ▁Ul ric ▁Ne isser ' s ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁book ▁C ogn itive ▁Psych ology ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁land mark ▁contribution . ▁ ▁Historical ▁background ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁cogn itive ▁revolution , ▁behavior ism ▁was ▁the ▁dominant ▁tr end ▁in ▁psych ology ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Be havior ists ▁were ▁interested ▁in ▁" learning ," ▁which ▁was ▁seen ▁as ▁" the ▁novel ▁association ▁of ▁stim uli ▁with ▁responses ." ▁Animal ▁experiments ▁played ▁a ▁significant ▁role ▁in ▁behavior ist ▁research , ▁and ▁prominent ▁behavior ist ▁J . ▁B . ▁Watson , ▁interested ▁in ▁describing ▁the ▁responses ▁of ▁humans ▁and ▁animals ▁as ▁one ▁group , ▁stated ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁need ▁to ▁distinguish ▁between ▁the