▁and ▁dep riv ed ▁him ▁of ▁Fore - C au cas us . ▁He ▁destroyed ▁the ▁army ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁s ultan ▁near ▁Ang ora , ▁the ▁event ▁which ▁delayed ▁a ▁Turkish ▁con quest ▁of ▁the ▁By z antine ▁Empire ▁for ▁half ▁a ▁century . ▁The ▁Tim ur id ▁Empire ▁fragment ed ▁shortly ▁after ▁he ▁died . ▁ ▁Tim ur ' s ▁grand son ▁Ul ugh ▁Beg ▁( 1 4 0 9 – 1 4 4 9 ) ▁ruled ▁Trans ox ania ▁and ▁during ▁his ▁rule ▁trade ▁and ▁economy ▁of ▁Trans ox ania ▁achieved ▁significant ▁development . ▁Ul ugh ▁Beg ▁built ▁an ▁astronom ical ▁observ atory ▁near ▁Sam ark and ▁in ▁ 1 4 2 9 ▁and ▁wrote ▁his ▁work ▁Z ij - i - S ult ani , ▁which ▁compr ises ▁the ▁theories ▁of ▁astronom y ▁and ▁a ▁catalog ue ▁of ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁stars ▁with ▁their ▁precise ▁positions ▁on ▁the ▁cel est ial ▁sphere . ▁ ▁A ▁long ▁rival ry ▁of ▁M og h ul istan ▁with ▁the ▁O ir ats ▁for ▁trade ▁routes ▁ended ▁with ▁its ▁defeat ▁by ▁the ▁O ir ats ▁in ▁ 1 5 3 0 . ▁Bab ur , ▁a ▁Tim ur id ▁r uler ▁of ▁Kab ul , ▁conquer ed ▁most ▁of ▁India ▁in ▁ 1 5 2 6 ▁and ▁founded ▁the ▁M ug hal ▁Empire . ▁The ▁M ug hal ▁Empire ▁f ract ured ▁into ▁several ▁less er ▁states ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁and ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁and