▁in ▁Europe ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Renaissance ▁ ▁Italy ▁Italian ▁du kes ▁in ▁the ▁Renaissance ▁era ▁accord ed ▁prote ctions ▁to ▁resident ▁Jewish ▁communities ▁for ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁political ▁or ▁economic ▁reasons . ▁However , ▁the ▁local ▁authorities ▁rig or ously ▁attempted ▁to ▁imp ose ▁Jewish ▁bad ges . ▁Francis can ▁fri ars ▁ex ert ed ▁pressure ▁on ▁the ▁du kes ▁to ▁en force ▁the ▁we aring ▁of ▁yellow ▁bad ges ▁by ▁Jews ▁which ▁the ▁du kes ▁resist ed . ▁Tax ation ▁records ▁reve al ▁a ▁great ▁quantity ▁of ▁Jewish ▁contribution ▁to ▁the ▁du chy ' s ▁fin ances . ▁The ▁Jewish ▁tax ▁contribution ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁budget ▁was ▁ 0 . 2 % ▁in ▁ 1 4 6 0 . ▁By ▁ 1 4 8 0 ▁this ▁had ▁increased ▁to ▁ 1 %. ▁In ▁ 1 4 8 2 , ▁ 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁extraordinary ▁tax ▁came ▁from ▁Jewish ▁communities . ▁This ▁evidence ▁indicates ▁the ▁wealth ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁population ▁and ▁also ▁indicates ▁a ▁possible ▁population ▁bo om . ▁However , ▁Jews ▁lost ▁support ▁from ▁Lud ov ico ▁S for za ▁on ▁the ▁e ve ▁of ▁the ▁Italian ▁wars . ▁ ▁Spain ▁There ▁was ▁no ▁progress ▁towards ▁inter ▁faith ▁harm ony ▁in ▁ 1 5 th ▁century ▁Spain . ▁Mark ▁Mey erson ▁notes ▁the ▁silence ▁of ▁ 1 5 th ▁century ▁records ▁on ▁the ▁Jewish - Christ ian ▁relations ▁in ▁Mor ved re . ▁In ▁that ▁town ▁Jews ▁constit uted ▁a ▁quarter ▁of ▁the ▁urban ▁population