ue ▁a ▁seem ingly ▁ir r ational ▁strategy ▁to ▁co oper ate ▁if ▁it ▁benefits ▁the ▁surv ival ▁of ▁their ▁gen es . ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁inclus ive ▁fit ness ▁del ine ates ▁that ▁co oper ating ▁with ▁family ▁members ▁might ▁pay ▁because ▁of ▁shared ▁gen etic ▁interests . ▁It ▁might ▁be ▁prof itable ▁for ▁a ▁parent ▁to ▁help ▁their ▁off - spring ▁because ▁doing ▁so ▁facil it ates ▁the ▁surv ival ▁of ▁their ▁gen es . ▁Re ci pro city ▁theories ▁provide ▁a ▁different ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁evolution ▁of ▁co operation . ▁In ▁repeated ▁social ▁d ile m ma ▁games ▁between ▁the ▁same ▁individuals , ▁co operation ▁might ▁emer ge ▁because ▁participants ▁can ▁pun ish ▁a ▁partner ▁for ▁failing ▁to ▁co oper ate . ▁This ▁encourag es ▁reci pro cal ▁co operation . ▁Re ci pro city ▁serves ▁as ▁an ▁explanation ▁for ▁why ▁participants ▁co oper ate ▁in ▁dy ads , ▁but ▁fails ▁to ▁account ▁for ▁larger ▁groups . ▁E volution ary ▁theories ▁of ▁indirect ▁reci pro city ▁and ▁cost ly ▁signal ing ▁may ▁be ▁useful ▁to ▁explain ▁large - scale ▁co operation . ▁When ▁people ▁can ▁select ively ▁choose ▁partners ▁to ▁play ▁games ▁with , ▁it ▁pays ▁to ▁develop ▁a ▁co oper ative ▁reputation . ▁Co operation ▁communic ates ▁kind ness ▁and ▁gener os ity , ▁which ▁combine ▁to ▁make ▁someone ▁an ▁attract ive ▁group ▁member . ▁ ▁Psych ological ▁theories ▁ ▁Psych ological ▁models ▁offer ▁additional ▁ins ights ▁into ▁social ▁d ile mm as ▁by ▁question ing ▁the ▁game ▁theory