ather , ▁these ▁parameters ▁enable ▁the ▁decision ▁mak er ▁to ▁explore ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁options . ▁In ▁any ▁case ▁the ▁wind fall ▁reward ▁ ▁is ▁greater , ▁usually ▁much ▁greater , ▁than ▁the ▁critical ▁reward ▁: ▁ ▁The ▁robust ness ▁and ▁opportun eness ▁functions ▁of ▁eq s .   ( 1 ) ▁and ▁( 2 ) ▁can ▁now ▁be ▁expressed ▁more ▁explicitly : ▁{ | ▁border =" 0 " ▁width =" 1 0 0 %" ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁( 3 ) ▁| - ▁| ▁| ▁( 4 ) ▁| } ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁greatest ▁level ▁of ▁uncertainty ▁consistent ▁with ▁guaranteed ▁reward ▁no ▁less ▁than ▁the ▁critical ▁reward ▁, ▁while ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁least ▁level ▁of ▁uncertainty ▁which ▁must ▁be ▁accepted ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁facil itate ▁( but ▁not ▁guarantee ) ▁wind fall ▁as ▁great ▁as ▁. ▁The ▁complement ary ▁or ▁anti - sym metric ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁imm unity ▁functions ▁is ▁evident ▁from ▁eq s .   ( 3 ) ▁and ▁( 4 ). ▁ ▁These ▁definitions ▁can ▁be ▁modified ▁to ▁handle ▁multi - c riter ion ▁reward ▁functions . ▁Like wise , ▁analog ous ▁definitions ▁apply ▁when ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁loss ▁rather ▁than ▁a ▁reward . ▁ ▁Dec ision ▁rules ▁ ▁Based ▁on ▁these ▁function , ▁one ▁can ▁then ▁decided ▁on ▁a ▁course ▁of ▁action ▁by ▁optim izing ▁for ▁uncertainty : ▁choose ▁the ▁decision ▁which ▁is ▁most ▁robust ▁( can ▁with stand ▁the ▁greatest ▁uncertainty ; ▁" s atisf icing "), ▁or ▁choose ▁the ▁decision ▁which ▁requires ▁the ▁least ▁uncertainty ▁to ▁achieve