. ▁C ain ▁and ▁A . ▁G . ▁Hop kins ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁before ▁being ▁fully ▁developed ▁in ▁their ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁work , ▁British ▁Imperial ism . ▁The ▁theory ▁pos its ▁that ▁British ▁imperial ism ▁was ▁driven ▁by ▁the ▁business ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁London ▁and ▁land ed ▁interests . ▁It ▁encourag es ▁a ▁shift ▁of ▁emphas is ▁away ▁from ▁seeing ▁provincial ▁manufact ur ers ▁and ▁ge opol it ical ▁strategy ▁as ▁important ▁influ ences , ▁and ▁towards ▁seeing ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁emp ire ▁as ▁em an ating ▁from ▁London ▁and ▁the ▁financial ▁sector . ▁ ▁B ene vol ence , ▁human ▁rights ▁and ▁sla very ▁Kevin ▁Grant ▁shows ▁that ▁numerous ▁histor ians ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁century ▁have ▁expl ored ▁relationships ▁between ▁the ▁Empire , ▁international ▁government ▁and ▁human ▁rights . ▁They ▁have ▁focused ▁on ▁British ▁conception s ▁of ▁imperial ▁world ▁order ▁from ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁to ▁the ▁Cold ▁War . ▁The ▁British ▁intellect uals ▁and ▁political ▁leaders ▁felt ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁a ▁duty ▁to ▁protect ▁and ▁promote ▁the ▁human ▁rights ▁of ▁the ▁n atives ▁and ▁to ▁help ▁pull ▁them ▁from ▁the ▁sl ough ▁of ▁traditional ism ▁and ▁cru elt ies ▁( such ▁as ▁s ut te e ▁in ▁India ▁and ▁foot ▁binding ▁in ▁China ). ▁The ▁notion ▁of ▁" b ene vol ence " ▁was ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 8 0 – 1 8 4 0 ▁era ▁by ▁ideal ists ▁whose ▁moral istic ▁pres