work ▁by ▁Geoff rey ▁Far mer <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁</ no include >< no include > ▁are ▁numerous ▁and ▁involve ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁inter related ▁effects ▁on ▁brain ▁structure , ▁brain ▁function , ▁and ▁cogn ition . ▁A ▁large ▁body ▁of ▁research ▁in ▁humans ▁has ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁consistent ▁aer ob ic ▁exercise ▁( e . g ., ▁ 3 0   min utes ▁every ▁day ) ▁indu ces ▁persistent ▁improvements ▁in ▁certain ▁cogn itive ▁functions , ▁health y ▁alter ations ▁in ▁gene ▁expression ▁in ▁the ▁brain , ▁and ▁benef icial ▁forms ▁of ▁ne uro pl astic ity ▁and ▁behavior al ▁pl astic ity ; ▁some ▁of ▁these ▁long - term ▁effects ▁include : ▁increased ▁neur on ▁growth , ▁increased ▁ne uro log ical ▁activity ▁( e . g ., ▁ ▁and ▁B D NF ▁signal ing ), ▁improved ▁stress ▁cop ing , ▁en hanced ▁cogn itive ▁control ▁of ▁behavior , ▁improved ▁declar ative , ▁spatial , ▁and ▁working ▁memory , ▁and ▁struct ural ▁and ▁functional ▁improvements ▁in ▁brain ▁structures ▁and ▁path ways ▁associated ▁with ▁cogn itive ▁control ▁and ▁memory . ▁The ▁effects ▁of ▁exercise ▁on ▁cogn ition ▁have ▁important ▁imp lications ▁for ▁impro ving ▁academic ▁performance ▁in ▁children ▁and ▁college ▁students , ▁impro ving ▁adult ▁product ivity , ▁pres erving ▁cogn itive ▁function ▁in ▁old ▁age , ▁prevent ing ▁or ▁tre ating ▁certain ▁ne uro log ical ▁dis orders , ▁and ▁impro ving ▁overall ▁quality ▁of ▁life . ▁ ▁In ▁health y ▁adult s , ▁aer ob ic ▁exercise ▁has ▁been ▁shown