▁foreign ▁languages , ▁especially ▁German , ▁Russian ▁or ▁French ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁also ▁English . ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁two - year ▁voc ational ▁career ▁training ▁was ▁made ▁oblig atory ▁to ▁boost ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁sk illed ▁labour ers ▁and ▁the ▁minimum ▁age ▁of ▁gradu ation ▁rose ▁to ▁ 1 5 . ▁Additionally , ▁special ▁schools ▁were ▁established ▁for ▁de af , ▁m ute ▁and ▁blind ▁children . ▁Such ▁institutions ▁for ▁the ▁imp a ired ▁were ▁almost ▁none x istent ▁in ▁the ▁Second ▁Polish ▁Republic . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁thousands ▁of ▁modern ▁schools ▁were ▁founded . ▁▁ ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁univers ities ▁nearly ▁double d ▁between ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁Medical , ▁agricult ural , ▁econom ical , ▁engineering ▁and ▁sport ▁fac ult ies ▁became ▁separate ▁colleg es , ▁under ▁a ▁universal ▁commun ist ▁model ▁used ▁in ▁other ▁countries ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁B loc . ▁The ological ▁fac ult ies ▁were ▁de emed ▁unnecessary ▁or ▁potentially ▁dangerous ▁and ▁were ▁therefore ▁removed ▁from ▁state ▁univers ities . ▁Philosoph y ▁was ▁also ▁seen ▁as ▁super fl uous . ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁strength en ▁the ▁post - war ▁Polish ▁economy , ▁the ▁government ▁created ▁many ▁common - lab our ▁fac ult ies ▁across ▁the ▁country , ▁including ▁da ir ying , ▁fish ing , ▁tail oring , ▁chem istry ▁and ▁mechan ics ▁to ▁achieve ▁a ▁better ▁economic ▁output