fare , ▁upon ▁which ▁pla ins ▁culture ▁was ▁based ." ▁ ▁The ▁drum ▁is ▁central ▁to ▁the ▁music ▁of ▁the ▁southern ▁pla ins ▁Indians . ▁During ▁the ▁res ervation ▁period , ▁they ▁used ▁music ▁to ▁rel ieve ▁b ored om . ▁Ne igh b ors ▁gathered , ▁ex changed ▁and ▁created ▁songs ▁and ▁d ances ; ▁this ▁is ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁roots ▁of ▁the ▁modern ▁inter t rib al ▁pow w ow . ▁Another ▁common ▁instrument ▁is ▁the ▁cour ting ▁fl ute . ▁ ▁African ▁American ▁folk ▁music ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁has ▁roots ▁in ▁sla very ▁and ▁em an cip ation . ▁Sac red ▁music — a ▁cap ella ▁and ▁instrument ally - ac comp an ied — is ▁at ▁the ▁heart ▁of ▁the ▁tradition . ▁Early ▁spiritual s ▁fr amed ▁Christian ▁belief s ▁within ▁native ▁practices ▁and ▁were ▁heavily ▁influenced ▁by ▁the ▁music ▁and ▁rh yth ms ▁of ▁Africa ." ▁ ▁Spirit uals ▁are ▁prominent , ▁and ▁often ▁use ▁a ▁call ▁and ▁response ▁pattern . ▁" G ospel ▁developed ▁after ▁the ▁Civil ▁War ▁( 1 8 6 1 – 1 8 6 5 ). ▁It ▁re lied ▁on ▁bib lic al ▁text ▁for ▁much ▁of ▁its ▁direction , ▁and ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁met aph ors ▁and ▁imag ery ▁was ▁common . ▁G ospel ▁is ▁a ▁" jo y ful ▁noise ", ▁sometimes ▁accompanied ▁by ▁instrument ation ▁and ▁almost ▁always ▁pun ctu ated ▁by ▁hand ▁cla pping , ▁toe ▁t apping , ▁and ▁body ▁movement ." ▁" Shape - note ▁or ▁sacred