▁noted ▁the ▁expectation ▁of ▁Corn ell ▁University ▁law ▁professor ▁Stephen ▁Y ale - Lo e hr ▁that ▁the ▁appeal ▁will ▁likely ▁eventually ▁succeed ▁since ▁federal ▁courts ▁generally ▁give ▁" the ▁president ▁broad ▁authority ▁to ▁shape ▁the ▁enfor cement ▁and ▁implementation ▁of ▁imm igration ▁laws ". ▁ ▁The ▁appeal ▁was ▁heard ▁on ▁an ▁exped ited ▁basis ▁by ▁three ▁jud ges ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁for ▁the ▁Fif th ▁Circ uit ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁On ▁November ▁ 9 , ▁the ▁divided ▁circuit ▁court ▁aff ir med ▁the ▁pre lim inary ▁inj unction ▁of ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁ordered ▁the ▁case ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁district ▁court ▁in ▁Texas ▁for ▁trial . ▁ ▁Judge ▁Jerry ▁Ed win ▁Smith , ▁joined ▁by ▁Judge ▁Jenn ifer ▁Walker ▁El rod ▁agreed ▁with ▁the ▁district ▁court ▁that ▁Texas ▁has ▁standing ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁issu ing ▁drivers ▁lic enses ▁to ▁al iens , ▁and ▁that ▁President ▁Ob ama ' s ▁order ▁viol ated ▁the ▁rule making ▁requirement ▁of ▁the ▁Administr ative ▁Pro cedure ▁Act . ▁ ▁The ▁majority ▁made ▁a ▁new ▁finding ▁that ▁the ▁Im m igration ▁and ▁National ity ▁Act ▁" flat ly ▁does ▁not ▁permit " ▁de ferred ▁action . ▁ ▁Judge ▁Carol yn ▁D ine en ▁King ▁diss ented , ▁arg uing ▁that ▁pro sec utorial ▁dis cret ion ▁makes ▁the ▁case ▁non - just ici able , ▁and ▁that ▁there ▁had ▁been ▁" no ▁just ification " ▁for