▁colonial s , ▁being ▁a ▁sar cast ic ▁remark ▁regarding ▁backwards ness . ▁▁ ▁– ▁literally ▁" part icular ▁Asian ▁people ", ▁der og atory ▁term ▁used ▁against ▁Kore ans ▁and ▁Chinese . ▁▁ ▁– ▁Japanese ▁reading ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁character ▁comp ound ▁"" ▁( Z h ina ▁in ▁Mand arin ▁Chinese ), ▁originally ▁a ▁Chinese ▁trans cription ▁of ▁an ▁Ind ic ▁name ▁for ▁China ▁that ▁entered ▁East ▁Asia ▁with ▁the ▁spread ▁of ▁Buddh ism . ▁Its ▁effect ▁when ▁a ▁Japanese ▁person ▁uses ▁it ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁a ▁Chinese ▁person ▁is ▁considered ▁by ▁some ▁people ▁to ▁be ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁American ▁con notation ▁of ▁the ▁word ▁" neg ro ", ▁a ▁word ▁that ▁has ▁har ml ess ▁et ym ologies ▁but ▁has ▁gained ▁der og ative ▁con not ations ▁due ▁to ▁historical ▁context , ▁where ▁the ▁phrase ▁ ▁was ▁used ▁refer ▁to ▁Chinese . ▁The ▁sl ur ▁is ▁also ▁extended ▁towards ▁left - wing ▁activ ists ▁by ▁right - wing ▁people . ▁▁ ▁– ▁der og atory ▁term ▁origin ating ▁from ▁a ▁cor ruption ▁of ▁the ▁Taiwan ese ▁H ok k ien ▁pron unci ation ▁of ▁ ▁Ch h eng - k ok - l ô <0xCD> <0x98> , ▁used ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁any ▁" chin aman ", ▁with ▁a ▁meaning ▁of ▁" Q ing ▁dynast y ' s ▁slave ". ▁ ▁In ▁Korean ▁▁ ▁J j ang k ka e ▁() ▁– ▁the ▁Korean ▁pron unci ation ▁of ▁ ▁( ), ▁literally ▁" shop keeper ", ▁originally ▁referring ▁to ▁own ers ▁of