▁published ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 2 ▁with ▁a ▁bi ography ▁of ▁Mark ▁by ▁C . ▁Arnold . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁regarding ▁sun sp ots ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁ 1 6 1 1 , ▁the ▁Jes uit ▁Christoph ▁Sche iner , ▁a ▁mathematics ▁teacher ▁at ▁Ing ol stadt , ▁using ▁the ▁pseud onym ▁Ap elles ▁lat ens ▁post ▁tab ul am ▁( Ap elles ▁hiding ▁behind ▁the ▁painting ), ▁wrote ▁three ▁letters ▁to ▁Wel ser , ▁claim ing ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁sun sp ots . ▁ ▁These , ▁Sche iner ▁held , ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁an ▁alter ation ▁of ▁the ▁Sun , ▁which ▁according ▁to ▁Arist ot elian ▁doctrine ▁was ▁an ▁incor rupt ible ▁cel est ial ▁body , ▁but ▁instead ▁were ▁stars ▁inter posed ▁between ▁Earth ▁and ▁the ▁Sun , ▁which ▁by ▁an ▁optical ▁ill usion ▁appeared ▁to ▁be ▁on ▁the ▁solar ▁surface . ▁ ▁Wel ser , ▁a ▁patron ▁of ▁academ ics ▁and ▁strongly ▁connected ▁with ▁the ▁Jes uits , ▁caused ▁Sche iner ' s ▁observations ▁to ▁be ▁published , ▁and ▁asked ▁Gal ile o ▁for ▁an ▁opinion . ▁ ▁Gal ile o ▁respond ed ▁to ▁Wel ser , ▁critic izing ▁ ▁him ▁for ▁diff using ▁an ▁err one ous ▁theory , ▁which ▁Gal ile o ▁identified ▁as ▁having ▁Jes uit ▁origin , ▁of ▁three ▁sat ell ites ▁orbit ing ▁the ▁Sun . ▁ ▁Sche iner ▁respond ed , ▁this ▁time ▁open ly ▁sust aining ▁his ▁theory ▁with ▁the ▁book ▁De ▁mac ul is ▁solar ibus ▁[...] ▁accur at