▁the ▁dan eg eld , ▁last ▁im posed ▁in ▁ 1 1 6 2 , ▁which ▁had ▁become ▁difficult ▁to ▁collect ▁because ▁of ▁an ▁increasing ▁number ▁of ▁exem ptions . ▁Car uc age ▁was ▁lev ied ▁just ▁six ▁times : ▁by ▁Richard ▁in ▁ 1 1 9 4 ▁and ▁ 1 1 9 8 ; ▁John , ▁his ▁brother ▁and ▁successor , ▁in ▁ 1 2 0 0 ; ▁and ▁John ' s ▁son , ▁Henry ▁III , ▁in ▁ 1 2 1 7 , ▁ 1 2 2 0 , ▁and ▁ 1 2 2 4 , ▁after ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁tax es ▁on ▁income ▁and ▁personal ▁property . ▁ ▁The ▁tax able ▁value ▁of ▁an ▁estate ▁was ▁initially ▁ass essed ▁from ▁the ▁Dom es day ▁Survey , ▁but ▁other ▁methods ▁were ▁later ▁employed , ▁such ▁as ▁valu ations ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁sw orn ▁testim ony ▁of ▁neighb ours ▁or ▁on ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁pl ough - te ams ▁the ▁tax p ayer ▁used . ▁Car uc age ▁never ▁raised ▁as ▁much ▁as ▁other ▁tax es , ▁but ▁never theless ▁helped ▁to ▁fund ▁several ▁projects . ▁It ▁paid ▁the ▁r ans om ▁for ▁Richard ' s ▁release ▁in ▁ 1 1 9 4 , ▁after ▁he ▁was ▁taken ▁prisoner ▁by ▁Leopold ▁V , ▁Duke ▁of ▁Austria ; ▁it ▁covered ▁the ▁tax ▁John ▁had ▁to ▁pay ▁Philip ▁II ▁of ▁France ▁in ▁ 1 2 0 0 ▁on ▁land ▁he ▁inherited ▁in ▁that ▁country ; ▁and ▁it ▁helped ▁to ▁fin ance ▁Henry