MP s ) ▁in ▁path ogen ic ▁micro organ isms . ▁One ▁type ▁of ▁PR R ▁is ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁integral ▁memb rane ▁g ly cop rote ins ▁called ▁to ll - like ▁re cept ors ▁( TL R s ), ▁which ▁can ▁recognize ▁certain ▁li pop rote ins , ▁pe pt id og ly can , ▁C p G - rich ▁DNA , ▁and ▁flag ell ar ▁components ▁in ▁b acter ial ▁cells , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁g ly cop rote ins ▁and ▁ph osph ol ip ids ▁from ▁proto zo an ▁par as ites ▁and ▁con idia ▁( f ung al ▁sp ores ). ▁The ▁binding ▁of ▁PA MP s ▁to ▁T LR ▁prote ins ▁generally ▁results ▁in ▁an ▁internal ▁sign alling ▁cas cade ▁including ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁ph osph ory l ations , ▁the ▁adding ▁of ▁a ▁ph osph ate ▁group , ▁and ▁u bi quit in ations , ▁the ▁adding ▁of ▁a ▁small ▁protein ▁that ▁marks ▁mole cules ▁for ▁de grad ation , ▁that ▁eventually ▁leads ▁to ▁the ▁trans cription ▁of ▁gen es ▁related ▁to ▁infl amm ation . ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁T LR s ▁by ▁cells ▁in ▁the ▁inn ate ▁imm une ▁system ▁has ▁led ▁to ▁an ▁evolution ary ▁battle ▁between ▁path ogen ic ▁cells ▁developing ▁different ▁PA MP s ▁that ▁cannot ▁be ▁recognized ▁and ▁imm une ▁cells ▁developing ▁new ▁memb rane ▁prote ins ▁that ▁can ▁recognize ▁them . ▁ ▁B acter ial ▁e col ogy ▁Single - cel led ▁organ isms ▁can ▁bind ▁to ▁each ▁other ▁through