s ▁Bra ve ▁New ▁World , ▁Anthony ▁Burg ess ' s ▁A ▁C lock work ▁Orange , ▁and ▁George ▁Or well ' s ▁Nin ete en ▁E ight y - F our . ▁In ▁Go ethe ' s ▁Fa ust , ▁Fa ust ▁s elling ▁his ▁soul ▁to ▁the ▁devil ▁in ▁return ▁for ▁power ▁over ▁the ▁physical ▁world ▁is ▁also ▁often ▁interpreted ▁as ▁a ▁met ap hor ▁for ▁the ▁ad option ▁of ▁industrial ▁technology . ▁More ▁recently , ▁modern ▁works ▁of ▁science ▁fiction ▁such ▁as ▁those ▁by ▁Philip ▁K . ▁Dick ▁and ▁William ▁Gib son ▁and ▁films ▁such ▁as ▁Bla de ▁Run ner ▁and ▁Ghost ▁in ▁the ▁Sh ell ▁project ▁highly ▁amb ivalent ▁or ▁ca ution ary ▁att itudes ▁toward ▁technology ' s ▁impact ▁on ▁human ▁society ▁and ▁identity . ▁ ▁The ▁late ▁cultural ▁critic ▁Neil ▁Post man ▁distinguished ▁tool - using ▁soci eties ▁from ▁techn ological ▁soci eties ▁and ▁from ▁what ▁he ▁called ▁" techn opol ies ," ▁soci eties ▁that ▁are ▁domin ated ▁by ▁the ▁ide ology ▁of ▁techn ological ▁and ▁scientific ▁progress ▁to ▁the ▁ex clusion ▁or ▁harm ▁of ▁other ▁cultural ▁practices , ▁values , ▁and ▁world - views . ▁ ▁Dar in ▁Bar ney ▁has ▁written ▁about ▁technology ' s ▁impact ▁on ▁practices ▁of ▁citizens hip ▁and ▁dem ocr atic ▁culture , ▁suggesting ▁that ▁technology ▁can ▁be ▁constru ed ▁as ▁( 1 ) ▁an ▁object ▁of ▁political ▁debate , ▁( 2 ) ▁a ▁means ▁or ▁medium ▁of ▁discussion , ▁and ▁( 3 ) ▁a ▁setting ▁for ▁dem ocr atic