▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 8 3 , ▁the ▁H atch ▁Act s ▁( 1 9 3 9 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 0 ) ▁and ▁the ▁CS RA ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁Spo ils ▁system ▁In ▁ 1 8 0 1 ▁President ▁Thomas ▁Jefferson , ▁al ar med ▁that ▁Federal ists ▁domin ated ▁the ▁civil ▁service ▁and ▁the ▁army , ▁identified ▁the ▁party ▁affili ation ▁of ▁office ▁hold ers ▁and ▁system atically ▁appointed ▁republic ans . ▁Andrew ▁Jackson ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁began ▁the ▁system atic ▁rotation ▁of ▁office hold ers ▁after ▁four ▁years , ▁replacing ▁them ▁with ▁his ▁part is ans ▁in ▁a ▁controvers ial ▁move . ▁By ▁the ▁ 1 8 3 0 s ▁the ▁" sp o ils ▁system " ▁meant ▁the ▁system atic ▁replacement ▁of ▁office hold ers ▁every ▁time ▁the ▁government ▁changed ▁party ▁hands . ▁ ▁Reform ▁efforts ▁The ▁first ▁code ▁of ▁civil ▁service ▁re forms , ▁were ▁designed ▁to ▁replace ▁patron age ▁app o inte es ▁with ▁non part isan ▁employees ▁qualified ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁skills . ▁ ▁U ly ss es ▁Grant ▁ ▁President ▁U ly ss es ▁S ▁Grant ▁( 1 8 6 9 – 1 8 7 7 ) ▁spoke ▁out ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁civil ▁service ▁reform , ▁and ▁rejected ▁dem ands ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 8 7 2 ▁by ▁Pennsylvania ▁Senator ▁Simon ▁Camer on ▁and ▁Pennsylvania ▁Governor ▁John ▁Hart ran ft ▁to ▁susp end ▁the ▁rules ▁and ▁make ▁patron age ▁appoint ments . ▁▁ ▁Grant '