▁gas ▁against ▁enemy ▁troops . ▁ ▁Rod ol fo ▁Gra z iani : ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁a ▁military ▁trib unal ▁sent enced ▁Gra z iani ▁to ▁prison ▁for ▁a ▁term ▁of ▁ 1 9 ▁years ▁( but ▁released ▁after ▁a ▁few ▁months ) ▁as ▁pun ishment ▁for ▁his ▁collaboration ▁with ▁the ▁Naz is , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁Minister ▁of ▁Def ense ▁of ▁the ▁Italian ▁Social ▁Republic . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁key ▁figure ▁in ▁the ▁Pac ification ▁of ▁Lib ya ▁and ▁author ized ▁the ▁mass ▁killing ▁of ▁Eth iop ians ▁known ▁as ▁Y ek at it ▁ 1 2 . ▁▁ ▁Aless andro ▁Pir z io ▁B iro li : ▁The ▁Governor ▁of ▁the ▁Italian ▁governor ate ▁of ▁Mont en eg ro , ▁he ▁ordered ▁that ▁fifty ▁Mont en egr in ▁civ ili ans ▁be ▁executed ▁for ▁every ▁Italian ▁killed , ▁and ▁ten ▁be ▁executed ▁for ▁every ▁Italian ▁wounded . ▁ ▁Mario ▁Ro atta : ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 1 – 1 9 4 3 , ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 2 - month ▁existence ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁L jub lj ana , ▁Ro atta ▁ordered ▁the ▁deport ation ▁of ▁ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁people , ▁which ▁equ aled ▁ 7 . 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁total ▁population . ▁The ▁operation , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁dr astic ▁in ▁Europe , ▁filled ▁up ▁Italian ▁concentration ▁cam ps ▁on ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁Rab , ▁in ▁Gon ars , ▁Mon igo ▁( T re vis o ), ▁Ren