histor ic ▁cart il agin ous ▁fish ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Sh ark ▁gener a ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Hugh ▁McC orm ick ▁Smith ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Lewis ▁Rad cl iffe <0x0A> </s> ▁During ▁the ▁president ial ▁crisis ▁between ▁the ▁Venez uel an ▁govern ments ▁of ▁Nicol ás ▁Mad uro ▁and ▁Juan ▁Gu a id ó , ▁a ▁coal ition ▁of ▁Colombia , ▁Brazil , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁attempted ▁to ▁bring ▁essential ▁goods ▁as ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁short ages ▁in ▁Venezuela . ▁The ▁three ▁main ▁bases ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁operation ▁are : ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁city ▁of ▁C ú c uta , ▁the ▁Brazil ian ▁state ▁of ▁R ora ima , ▁( specific ally ▁Bo a ▁V ista ▁and ▁Pac ara ima ), ▁and ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁C ura ça o , ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁ ▁Short ages ▁in ▁Venezuela ▁have ▁occurred ▁since ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁of ▁Hugo ▁Ch á vez , ▁with ▁the ▁country ▁experien cing ▁a ▁scarc ity ▁rate ▁of ▁ 2 4 . 7 % ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Short ages ▁became ▁common place ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁Since ▁Mad uro ▁att ained ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁has ▁denied ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁human itar ian ▁crisis ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁and ▁refused ▁international ▁aid , ▁making ▁conditions ▁in ▁Venezuela ▁worse . ▁ ▁Mad uro ▁bl amed ▁the ▁short