▁from ▁inj uries . ▁They ▁are ▁also ▁called ▁dust ▁cells . ▁ ▁C lin ical ▁significance ▁ ▁D ise ases ▁ ▁Sur fact ant ▁In su fficient ▁sur fact ant ▁in ▁the ▁al ve oli ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁causes ▁that ▁can ▁contribute ▁to ▁a te lect asis ▁( collapse ▁of ▁part ▁or ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁lung ). ▁Without ▁pul mon ary ▁sur fact ant , ▁a te lect asis ▁is ▁a ▁certain ty . ▁In su fficient ▁sur fact ant ▁in ▁the ▁l ungs ▁of ▁pre term ▁inf ants ▁causes ▁infant ▁resp ir atory ▁dist ress ▁synd rome ▁( IR DS ). ▁Imp a ired ▁sur fact ant ▁reg ulation ▁can ▁cause ▁an ▁accum ulation ▁of ▁sur fact ant ▁prote ins ▁to ▁build ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁al ve oli ▁in ▁a ▁condition ▁called ▁pul mon ary ▁al ve olar ▁prote inos is . ▁This ▁results ▁in ▁imp a ired ▁gas ▁exchange . ▁ ▁In fl amm ation ▁P neum onia ▁is ▁an ▁infl am mat ory ▁condition ▁of ▁the ▁lung ▁par en chy ma , ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁caused ▁by ▁both ▁vir uses ▁and ▁b acter ia . ▁Cy tok ines ▁and ▁flu ids ▁are ▁released ▁into ▁the ▁al ve olar ▁cav ity , ▁inter st it ium , ▁or ▁both , ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁in fection , ▁causing ▁the ▁effective ▁surface ▁area ▁of ▁gas ▁exchange ▁to ▁be ▁reduced . ▁In ▁severe ▁cases ▁where ▁cell ular ▁resp iration ▁cannot ▁be ▁maintained , ▁supp lement al ▁o xygen ▁may ▁be ▁required . ▁