▁that ▁it ▁is ▁false , ▁" but ▁when ▁it ▁claims ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁sole ▁and ▁utter ly ▁complete ▁path ▁to ▁understanding ▁life ▁and ▁reality ." ▁The ▁impression ▁of ▁objective ▁necessity ▁par aly zes ▁the ▁ability ▁of ▁humans ▁to ▁walk ▁out ▁of ▁or ▁to ▁fight ▁the ▁parad ig m ▁and ▁causes ▁the ▁self - ful fill ing ▁dest iny ▁which ▁spo ils ▁people . ▁ ▁Post - symbol ic ▁communication ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Some ▁of ▁Lan ier ' s ▁spec ulation ▁involves ▁what ▁he ▁calls ▁" post - symbol ic ▁communication ." ▁In ▁his ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Disc over ▁magazine ▁column , ▁he ▁writes ▁about ▁ce phal op ods ▁( i . e ., ▁the ▁various ▁species ▁of ▁oct opus , ▁squ id , ▁and ▁related ▁m oll us cs ), ▁many ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁morph ▁their ▁bodies , ▁including ▁changing ▁the ▁p ig ment ation ▁and ▁texture ▁of ▁their ▁skin , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁forming ▁complex ▁shape ▁im itations ▁with ▁their ▁lim bs . ▁Lan ier ▁sees ▁this ▁behavior , ▁especially ▁as ▁ex changed ▁between ▁two ▁oct op odes , ▁as ▁a ▁direct ▁behavior al ▁expression ▁of ▁thought . ▁ ▁Wikipedia ▁and ▁the ▁om nis cience ▁of ▁collect ive ▁wisdom ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁In ▁his ▁online ▁ess ay ▁" Digital ▁Ma o ism : ▁The ▁Haz ards ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Online ▁Collect iv ism ", ▁in ▁Edge ▁magazine ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Lan ier ▁critic ized ▁the ▁sometimes