▁apparent ▁that ▁supp liers ▁were ▁more ▁important ▁in ▁driving ▁demand ▁than ▁had ▁been ▁previously ▁realized ." ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁US ▁bio eth ic ist ▁E zek iel ▁J . ▁E manuel ▁and ▁health ▁econom ist ▁Victor ▁R . ▁F uchs ▁defined ▁unnecessary ▁health ▁care ▁as ▁" over util ization ," ▁health ▁care ▁provided ▁with ▁a ▁higher ▁volume ▁or ▁cost ▁than ▁is ▁appropriate . ▁Rec ently , ▁econom ists ▁have ▁sought ▁to ▁understand ▁unnecessary ▁health ▁care ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁mis consum ption ▁rather ▁than ▁over consum ption . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁two ▁US ▁phys icians ▁wrote ▁in ▁an ▁editor ial , ▁that ▁unnecessary ▁care ▁was ▁" defined ▁as ▁services ▁which ▁show ▁no ▁demon stra ble ▁benefit ▁to ▁patients " ▁and ▁might ▁represent ▁ 3 0 % ▁of ▁U . S . ▁medical ▁care . ▁They ▁referred ▁to ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁study ▁on ▁regional ▁variations ▁in ▁Medic are ▁sp ending , ▁which ▁found , ▁" M edic are ▁en rolle es ▁in ▁higher - sp ending ▁regions ▁receive ▁more ▁care ▁than ▁those ▁in ▁lower - sp ending ▁regions , ▁but ▁do ▁not ▁have ▁better ▁health ▁out comes ▁or ▁satisfaction ▁with ▁care ." ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁American ▁College ▁of ▁Phys icians ▁Eth ics , ▁Professional ism , ▁and ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Committee ▁suggested ▁that ▁over tre at ment ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁understood ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁' par sim on ious ▁care ', ▁defined ▁as ▁" care ▁that ▁util