W omen ▁state ▁legisl ators ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁state ▁legisl ators ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁women ▁in ▁politics ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁women ▁polit icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Phil ology ▁is ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁language ▁in ▁or al ▁and ▁written ▁historical ▁sources ; ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁intersection ▁of ▁text ual ▁criticism , ▁literary ▁criticism , ▁history , ▁and ▁lingu istics . ▁Phil ology ▁is ▁more ▁commonly ▁defined ▁as ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁literary ▁texts ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁or al ▁and ▁written ▁records , ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁their ▁authentic ity ▁and ▁their ▁original ▁form , ▁and ▁the ▁determ ination ▁of ▁their ▁meaning . ▁A ▁person ▁who ▁purs ues ▁this ▁kind ▁of ▁study ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁phil ologist . ▁ ▁In ▁older ▁usage , ▁especially ▁British , ▁phil ology ▁is ▁more ▁general , ▁covering ▁compar ative ▁and ▁historical ▁lingu istics . ▁ ▁Class ical ▁phil ology ▁studies ▁classical ▁languages . ▁Class ical ▁phil ology ▁princip ally ▁origin ated ▁from ▁the ▁Library ▁of ▁Per g am um ▁and ▁the ▁Library ▁of ▁Alexand ria ▁around ▁the ▁fourth ▁century ▁B CE , ▁continued ▁by ▁Gree ks ▁and ▁Rom ans ▁throughout ▁the ▁Roman / By z antine ▁Empire . ▁It ▁was ▁preserved ▁and ▁promoted ▁during ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁Golden ▁Age , ▁and ▁eventually ▁res umed ▁by ▁European ▁sch ol ars ▁of ▁the ▁Renaissance , ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁soon ▁joined ▁by ▁phil ologies ▁of ▁other ▁non