ing ▁" can ▁no ▁longer ▁be ▁regarded ▁as ▁falling ▁within ▁the ▁scientific ▁domain ". ▁Pro ced ural ▁problems ▁and ▁research er ▁conflicts ▁of ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁psych ok ines is ▁experiments ▁were ▁noted ▁by ▁science ▁writer ▁Martin ▁Gard ner ▁in ▁a ▁detailed ▁analysis ▁of ▁the ▁NASA ▁final ▁report . ▁ ▁Also , ▁slo ppy ▁procedures ▁in ▁the ▁conduct ▁of ▁the ▁E EG ▁study ▁were ▁reported ▁by ▁a ▁visit ing ▁observer ▁during ▁another ▁series ▁of ▁ex changes ▁in ▁the ▁scientific ▁literature . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁book ▁Fl im ▁Fl am ! ▁James ▁Rand i ▁presents ▁a ▁detailed ▁criticism ▁of ▁the ▁methods ▁employed ▁by ▁Put hoff ▁and ▁T arg ▁in ▁the ▁chapter ▁entitled , ▁" The ▁La ure l ▁and ▁Hard y ▁of ▁P si ". ▁P ee ph oles ▁through ▁walls , ▁over ly ▁helpful ▁labor atory ▁assist ants , ▁and ▁in ca ut ious ▁convers ations ▁between ▁research ers ▁were ▁common ▁occurr ences ▁in ▁Put hoff ▁and ▁T arg ' s ▁labor ator ies . ▁Rand i ▁also ▁contact ed ▁the ▁builder ▁of ▁the ▁magnet ometer ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁Sw ann ▁experiments , ▁and ▁established ▁that ▁the ▁phen omena ▁claimed ▁as ▁psych ok in etic ▁were ▁no ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁normal ▁fl uct u ations ▁of ▁the ▁machine . ▁ ▁Ray ▁H yman ▁and ▁James ▁McC len on ' s ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁rep lication ▁study ▁identified ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁problems ▁in ▁method ology ▁as ▁James ▁Rand i ▁had , ▁particularly ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁research ers ▁giving ▁subjects ▁in