▁the ▁ 1 3 5 0 s ▁and ▁the ▁Y uan ▁dynast y ▁was ▁over th rown ▁by ▁the ▁M ing ▁dynast y ▁in ▁ 1 3 6 8 . ▁The ▁last ▁Y uan ▁em peror , ▁T og hon ▁Tem ür , ▁fled ▁north ▁to ▁Y ing ch ang ▁and ▁died ▁there ▁in ▁ 1 3 7 0 . ▁The ▁Y uan ▁rem n ants , ▁which ▁had ▁retre ated ▁to ▁Mong olia ▁hom eland , ▁are ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Northern ▁Y uan ▁dynast y ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁resist ▁the ▁M ing ▁China ▁until ▁it ▁was ▁conquer ed ▁by ▁the ▁Man ch u - led ▁Q ing ▁dynast y , ▁desc ending ▁from ▁one ▁of ▁G eng his ▁Khan ▁three ▁brothers , ▁Q as ar . ▁ ▁Golden ▁Hor de ▁▁ ▁The ▁Golden ▁Hor de ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁B atu , ▁son ▁of ▁J och i , ▁in ▁ 1 2 4 3 . ▁The ▁Golden ▁Hor de ▁included ▁the ▁Vol ga ▁region , ▁mountains ▁of ▁U ral , ▁the ▁ste pp es ▁of ▁the ▁northern ▁Black ▁Sea , ▁Fore - C au cas us , ▁Western ▁Si ber ia , ▁Ar al ▁Sea ▁and ▁Ir ty sh ▁bass in , ▁and ▁held ▁principal ities ▁of ▁Rus ▁in ▁trib ut ary ▁relations . ▁ ▁The ▁capital ▁was ▁initially ▁Sar ai ▁B atu ▁and ▁later ▁Sar ai ▁Ber ke . ▁This ▁extensive ▁emp ire ▁weak ened ▁under ▁rival ry ▁of ▁the ▁descend ants ▁of ▁B atu ▁and ▁split ▁into ▁Khan ate ▁of ▁Kaz