though ▁not ▁exclus ively ) ▁in ▁official ▁documents , ▁international ▁treat ies , ▁and ▁foreign ▁affairs , ▁and ▁the ▁" Ch inese ▁language " ▁( Man ch u : ▁D ul imb ai ▁g ur un ▁i ▁bit he ) ▁referred ▁to ▁Chinese , ▁Man ch u , ▁and ▁Mong ol ▁languages , ▁and ▁the ▁term ▁" Ch inese ▁people " ▁( ; ▁Man ch u : ▁D ul imb ai ▁g ur un ▁i ▁ni yal ma ) ▁referred ▁to ▁all ▁Han , ▁Man chus , ▁and ▁Mong ol ▁subjects ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing . ▁M ing ▁loyal ist ▁Han ▁liter ati ▁held ▁to ▁defining ▁the ▁old ▁M ing ▁borders ▁as ▁China ▁and ▁using ▁" fore igner " ▁to ▁describe ▁minor ities ▁under ▁Q ing ▁rule ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Mong ols , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁their ▁anti - Q ing ▁ide ology . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁Q ing ▁conquer ed ▁D zung aria ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 9 , ▁they ▁proc laimed ▁that ▁the ▁new ▁land ▁was ▁absor bed ▁into ▁D ul imb ai ▁G ur un ▁in ▁a ▁Man ch u ▁language ▁mem orial . ▁The ▁Q ing ▁exp ounded ▁on ▁their ▁ide ology ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁bringing ▁together ▁the ▁" outer " ▁non - H an ▁Chinese ▁like ▁the ▁Inner ▁Mong ols , ▁Eastern ▁Mong ols , ▁O irat ▁Mong ols , ▁and ▁Tib et ans ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁" inner " ▁Han ▁Chinese , ▁into ▁" one ▁family " ▁un ited ▁in ▁the ▁Q ing ▁state , ▁showing