▁the ▁Prote ction ▁of ▁the ▁Ad ir ond acks ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁cases , ▁volume ▁ 2 5 2 ▁ ▁Living ▁Constitution ▁ ▁Br icker ▁Am end ment , ▁one ▁of ▁several ▁un success ful ▁attempts ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁to ▁restrict ▁the ▁ability ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁government ▁to ▁expand ▁its ▁power ▁via ▁treat ies ▁ ▁Re id ▁v . ▁Cover t , ▁a ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁case ▁which ▁stated ▁that ▁no ▁treat y ▁can ▁come ▁in ▁direct ▁viol ation ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Constitution , ▁a ▁partial ▁limitation ▁of ▁the ▁ability ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁use ▁treat ies ▁ ▁Med ell in ▁v . ▁Texas ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁U . S . ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁case ▁that ▁cast s ▁some ▁doubt ▁on ▁how ▁broad ly ▁Missouri ▁v . ▁Holland ▁can ▁be ▁applied . ▁Texas ▁had ▁ignored ▁oblig ations ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁under ▁a ▁convention , ▁despite ▁a ▁relevant ▁president ial ▁order ▁and ▁a ▁finding ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Court ▁of ▁Justice . ▁The ▁individual ▁def endant ▁( who ▁had ▁been ▁sent enced ▁to ▁death ) ▁was ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁courts , ▁including ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁not ▁to ▁have ▁any ▁personal ▁rights ▁to ▁challenge ▁his ▁conv iction ▁because ▁of ▁this ▁bre ach ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ' ▁international ▁oblig ations ▁ ▁Bond ▁v . ▁United ▁States ▁( 2 0 1 4 ), ▁raised ▁similar ▁question , ▁but ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁decl ined ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁issue ▁ ▁Foot notes