▁val ued ▁services ▁of ▁medium - ▁and ▁large - s ized ▁enter pr ises ▁( such ▁as ▁production ▁networks ). ▁IP ▁hard ▁pipe ▁brings ▁the ▁following ▁benefits : ▁ ▁• ▁Red u ces ▁SD H ▁network ▁construction ▁invest ments ▁and ▁costs ▁for ▁maintain ing ▁both ▁SD H ▁and ▁IP ▁networks . ▁When ▁SD H ▁networks ▁run ▁out ▁of ▁war rant y , ▁new ▁services ▁can ▁be ▁rolled ▁out ▁on ▁IP ▁networks , ▁and ▁key ▁services ▁of ▁high - value ▁VI P ▁customers ▁can ▁be ▁deployed ▁on ▁newly ▁established ▁networks . ▁ ▁• ▁Prov ides ▁rapid ▁service ▁protection , ▁ens uring ▁highly ▁reliable ▁service . ▁ ▁• ▁Prov ides ▁gran ular ▁service ▁quality ▁measurement , ▁providing ▁flexible ▁and ▁effective ▁maintenance ▁and ▁management ▁for ▁le ased ▁lines ▁dedicated ▁to ▁VI P ▁customers . ▁ ▁• ▁App lies ▁to ▁key ▁services ▁of ▁transport ation ▁and ▁electric ity ▁indust ries . ▁ ▁Princi ple ▁ ▁Central ized ▁Management ▁of ▁Band width ▁Resources ▁and ▁Un iform ▁Service ▁Pro vision ing ▁In ▁the ▁IP ▁hard ▁pipe ▁solution , ▁the ▁N MS ▁cent r ally ▁man ages ▁band width ▁resources ▁and ▁uniformly ▁prov isions ▁services . ▁Pro vision ing ▁hard ▁pipe ▁service ▁involves ▁two ▁steps : ▁▁ 1 . <0x09> Est ab lish ▁a ▁hard ▁pipe ▁plane . ▁In ▁the ▁physical ▁network ▁topology , ▁establish ▁the ▁hard ▁pipe ▁topology ▁as ▁designed . ▁▁ 2 . <0x09> Pro vision ▁services . ▁ ▁The ▁service ▁band width ▁and ▁source ▁and ▁destination ▁devices ▁are ▁manually ▁specified ▁for ▁VI P ▁customers . ▁The ▁N