ud ari ▁system . ▁In ▁this ▁way ▁the ▁triangle ▁of ▁the ▁L DP , ▁b ureau cr ats , ▁and ▁business ▁was ▁established . ▁ ▁F action al ism ▁ ▁The ▁L DP ▁was ▁a ▁highly ▁fragment ed , ▁decent ral ized ▁party ▁with ▁independent ▁bases ▁of ▁power ▁in ▁the ▁fa ctions ▁and ▁the ▁z oku ▁( policy ▁‘ t rib es ’ ) ▁- ▁veter an ▁polit icians ▁who ▁had ▁developed ▁expert ise , ▁experience ▁and ▁contacts ▁in ▁a ▁special ized ▁policy ▁area . ▁Lar ge - scale ▁client el ism ▁manif ested ▁in ▁individual ▁candidates ’ ▁almost ▁exclusive ▁reli ance ▁on ▁their ▁own ▁ko en ka i ▁and ▁their ▁ability ▁to ▁gain ▁votes ▁independent ▁of ▁the ▁party ' s ▁leader ▁and ▁party ▁label . ▁ ▁Most ▁L DP ▁parliament ari ans ▁had ▁built ▁almost ▁un be atable ▁patron age ▁machines ▁in ▁their ▁areas . ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁K ak ue i ▁Tan aka ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁res ign ▁after ▁revel ations ▁of ▁his ▁invol vement ▁in ▁the ▁Lock he ed ▁Sc andal . ▁After ▁this ▁ret irement , ▁his ▁elect oral ▁machine ▁in ▁Ni ig ata ▁continued ▁to ▁be ▁so ▁strong ▁that ▁his ▁daughter , ▁Mak iko ▁Tan aka , ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Diet ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁five - member ▁Ni ig ata ▁elect oral ▁district ▁ 3 . ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁this ▁type ▁of ▁machine ▁politics , ▁Japan ▁has ▁produced ▁the ▁largest ▁number ▁of ▁" her edit ary " ▁parliament ari