- L ith uan ian ▁Commonwealth ▁was ▁formed ▁by ▁the ▁Union ▁of ▁Lub lin ▁in ▁ 1 5 6 9 , ▁K iev ▁and ▁surrounding ▁areas , ▁Pod olia , ▁Vol h yn ia , ▁and ▁Pod l ask ie , ▁as ▁the ▁K iev ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁Br ats lav ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁Vol h yn ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁and ▁Pod l ask ie ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁were ▁transferred ▁from ▁Lith u ania ▁to ▁Poland . ▁ ▁Crime an ▁k h ans ▁( 1 4 4 1 – 1 7 8 3 ) ▁ ▁Crime an ▁Tat ars ▁were ▁not ▁of ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁eth nos . ▁Their ▁Crime an ▁Khan ate ▁ruled ▁a ▁large ▁part ▁of ▁modern ▁Ukraine , ▁with ▁a ▁capital ▁at ▁B akh ch is ar ay . ▁ ▁Het mans ▁of ▁Ukrain ian ▁C oss acks ▁( 1 5 0 6 – 1 7 7 5 ) ▁ ▁A ▁Het man ▁was ▁a ▁military ▁and ▁civil ▁leader , ▁dem ocrat ically ▁elected ▁by ▁the ▁C oss acks . ▁ ▁Het mans ▁and ▁command ers ▁of ▁Ukrain ian ▁C oss acks ▁Several ▁C oss ack ▁reg iments ▁were ▁operating ▁in ▁Ukraine ▁at ▁this ▁time ▁that ▁were ▁largely ▁independent ▁of ▁each ▁other , ▁so ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁Het mans ' ▁ten ures ▁overlap . ▁ ▁Het mans ▁of ▁the ▁C oss ack ▁state ▁Following ▁the ▁K hm el ny t sky ▁u pr ising ▁a ▁new ▁C oss ack ▁republic ,