ged ▁from ▁this ▁model . ▁ ▁Transfer ▁of ▁learning ▁ ▁Transfer ▁of ▁learning ▁is ▁the ▁idea ▁that ▁what ▁one ▁lear ns ▁in ▁school ▁somehow ▁car ries ▁over ▁to ▁situations ▁different ▁from ▁that ▁particular ▁time ▁and ▁that ▁particular ▁setting . ▁Transfer ▁was ▁amongst ▁the ▁first ▁phen omena ▁tested ▁in ▁educational ▁psych ology . ▁Edward ▁Lee ▁Thor nd ike ▁was ▁a ▁pione er ▁in ▁transfer ▁research . ▁He ▁found ▁that ▁though ▁transfer ▁is ▁extremely ▁important ▁for ▁learning , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁rarely ▁occurr ing ▁phenomen on . ▁In ▁fact , ▁he ▁held ▁an ▁experiment ▁where ▁he ▁had ▁the ▁subjects ▁estimate ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁a ▁specific ▁shape ▁and ▁then ▁he ▁would ▁switch ▁the ▁shape . ▁He ▁found ▁that ▁the ▁prior ▁information ▁did ▁not ▁help ▁the ▁subjects ; ▁instead ▁it ▁imp eded ▁their ▁learning . ▁ ▁One ▁explanation ▁of ▁why ▁transfer ▁does ▁not ▁occur ▁often ▁involves ▁surface ▁structure ▁and ▁deep ▁structure . ▁The ▁surface ▁structure ▁is ▁the ▁way ▁a ▁problem ▁is ▁fr amed . ▁The ▁deep ▁structure ▁is ▁the ▁steps ▁for ▁the ▁solution . ▁For ▁example , ▁when ▁a ▁math ▁story ▁problem ▁changes ▁context s ▁from ▁asking ▁how ▁much ▁it ▁costs ▁to ▁res eed ▁a ▁la wn ▁to ▁how ▁much ▁it ▁costs ▁to ▁var n ish ▁a ▁table , ▁they ▁have ▁different ▁surface ▁structures , ▁but ▁the ▁steps ▁for ▁getting ▁the ▁answers ▁are ▁the ▁same . ▁However , ▁many ▁people ▁are ▁more ▁influenced ▁by ▁the ▁surface ▁structure . ▁In ▁reality , ▁the ▁surface ▁structure ▁is ▁un important . ▁Non eth eless , ▁people ▁are ▁concerned ▁with ▁it