section_heading: Prijetnje i održavanje
paragraph_text: U mnogim područjima ribolovci reguliraju skupljanje kelpaStekoll, M.S., L.E. Deysher and M. Hess. 2006. A remote sensing approach to estimating harvestable kelp biomass. Journal of Applied Phycology 18: 323-334. i/ili lovljenje vrsta iz šuma kelpa. Dok ovo može biti učinkovito u nekom smislu, ne mora značiti da se tako brani cjelokupni ekosustav. Zaštićena morska područja (Marine protected areas (MPA)) omogućavaju jedinstveno rješenje koje obuhvaća ne samo određene vrste za skupljanje nego i međudjelovanja i mjesni okoliš kao cjelinu.<ref>Allison, G.A., J. Lubchenco and M.H. Carr. 1998. Marine reserves are necessary but not sufficient for marine conservation. Ecological Applications 8: S79-S92.<ref>Airamé, S., J.E. Dugan, K.D. Lafferty, H. Leslie, D.A. MacArdle and R.R. Warner. 2003. Applying ecological criteria to marine reserve design: a case study from the California Channel Islands. Ecological Applications 13: S170-S184. Neposredna korist MPA-a za ribolov je zabilježena u širom svijeta.<ref>Bohnsack, J.A. 1998. Application of marine reserves to reef fisheries management. Australian Journal of Ecology 23: 298-304.Gell, F.R. and C.M. Roberts. 2003. Benefits beyond boundaries: the fishery effects of marine reserves. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18: 448-455.<ref>Willis, T.J., R.B. Millar and R.C. Babcock. 2003. Protection of exploited fish in temperate regions: high density and biomass of snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) in northern New Zealand marine reserves. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 214-227. Neizravne koristi su se također pokazale u nekoliko slučajeva među vrstama poput školjaka i riba u Srednjoj Kaliforniji.<ref>Paddack, M.J. and J.A. Estes. 2000. Kelp forest fish populations in marine reserves and adjacent exploited areas of Central California. Ecological Applications 10: 855-870.<ref>Rogers-Bennett, L. and J.S. Pearse. 2001. Indirect benefits of marine protected areas for juvenile abalone. Conservation Biology 15: 642-647. Najvažnije, proučavanja su pokazala da MPA-i mogu biti učinkoviti u zaštiti postojećih ekosustava šuma kelpa i mogu također dopustiti regeneraciju onih koji su uništeni.Babcock, R.C., S. Kelly, N.T. Shears, J.W. Walker and T.J. Willis. 1999. Changes in community structure in temperate marine reserves. Marine Ecology Progress Series 189: 125-134.<ref>Halpern, B.S. and R.R. Warner. 2002. Marine reserves have rapid and lasting effects. Ecology Letters 5: 361-366.