Burundi - Rwanda: Umunsi w'ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru ubusanze he?
"Itangazamakuru ridatinya kandi ritabogamye", uyu mwaka ni yo ntero y'umunsi mpuzamahanga w'ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru wizihizwa ku isi tariki ya 3 y'ukwa gatanu buri mwaka, mu Burundi no mu Rwanda ubwo bwisanzure buhagaze bute?
Abanyamakuru b'ikinyamakuru Iwacu mu Burundi mu 2015 mu kwizihiza umunsi w'ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru bagaragaje ko batisanzuye mu kazi kabo Umuryango w'abibumbye washyizeho uyu munsi kuva mu 1993, uvuga ko itangazamakuru ryisanzuye ari ingenzi mu kubaza ubutegetsi ibyo bukorera abaturage no guha ijambo impande zitandukanye, mu kwimakaza demokarasi. Leta y'u Burundi na leta y'u Rwanda zakoze ibikorwa bitandukanye izi leta zivuga ko bigamije guteza imbere itangazamakuru; ibigo byo guhugura abanyamakuru, amategeko agenga uyu mwuga, amategeko yo gutanga amakuru ku banyamakuru, ibigo bigenzura uyu mwuga n'ibindi. Ariko muri ibi bihugu byombi haracyavugwa ibibazo byo kubangamira ubwisanzure muri uwo mwuga, gusa leta z'ibi bihugu zo zivuga ko zitabangamira ubwo bwisanzure. Umuryango w'abanyamakuru batagira umupaka (Reporters sans frontières/Reporters without Borders) uharanira ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru, watangaje icyegeranyo gishya kiriho urutonde rw'uko ibihugu 180 bikurikirana mu kubahiriza ubwo bwisanzure. U Burundi n'u Rwanda bihagaze he? Iyi raporo nshya ishyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 155 (ni nawo rwariho 2019) n'u Burundi ku mwanya wa 160 (mu 2019 bwari ku mwanya wa 159). Ibindi bihugu byo mu karere: Ubwo bwisanzure bwongeye kubangamirwa n'ibi bihe by'icyorezo cya coronavirus aho leta z'ibihugu bimwe zabangamiye itangazamakuru mu gukora inkuru kuri iki cyorezo n'ingaruka zacyo, nkuko Reporters Without Borders ibivuga. Imiryango itandukanye itegamiye kuri leta, nka Human Rights Watch, ishinja leta y'u Rwanda gufunga abanyamakuru bari mu kazi ko gukora inkuru ku ngaruka z'ingamba zafashwe mu kurwanya iki cyorezo. Inzego zishinzwe umutekano mu Rwanda zo zivuga ko aba banyamakuru bafunzwe kubera ibyaha bihanwa n'amategeko bacyekwaho, ko batafunzwe kubera umwuga wabo. Bavuga iki ku bwisanzure mu mwuga wabo? Gozanga Muganwa, umunyamabanga w'ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamakuru mu Rwanda, avuga ko hari intambwe iri guterwa mu bwisanzure bw'itangamakuru mu Rwanda nubwo hakirimo ibibazo. Ati: "Mu myaka micye ishize habaye impinduka mu mategeko yabangamiraga ubwisanzure, ariko turacyafite ikibazo cy'ubukungu n'ubushobozi noneho byabaye nabi cyane kubera coronavirus, abanyamakuru bari kuva ku mirimo kuko no gukoresha ubwisanzure buhari bisaba ubushobozi". Bwana Muganwa avuga ko ibibangamiye ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru mu Rwanda cyane cyane ari uko ubukungu bw'igihugu buteye. Ati: "Biragoye cyane ko itangazamakuru ryigenga rikorera amafaranga. Umuntu ashobora kutakubuza gukora inkuru icukumbuye ariko ataguhaye amahirwe yo kubona [amasoko] amafaranga ntubona n'uko uzakora ya nkuru". Juventine Muragijemariya, umunyamakuru ukorera mu Rwanda, avuga ko agereranyije no mu myaka yashize abona impinduka mu bwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru mu Rwanda. Yemeza ko itegeko ryo gutanga amakuru ryatumye benshi mu nzego z'ubutegetsi batangira kwemera gutanga amakuru no kudahutaza abanyamakuru. Ati: "Ntihabuze bamwe bataramenya uko umunyamakuru akwiye gukora akazi ke maze bakabangamira abanyamakuru, ariko abo ni bo bacyeya". Ntwali John Williams, undi munyamakuru, avuga ko ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru mu Rwanda buri gusubira inyuma kuko inzira zo guhisha ko ntabuhari zigenda ziyongera. Atanga urugero ko nta bwisanzure bukiriho bwo kugera ku makuru no kuyahabwa, nubwo hariho itegeko ritegeka abategetsi kuyatanga. Ati: "Benshi mu bagomba gutanga amakuru ntibitaba telefone, uyitabye akakubwira ko azayaguha mu gihe kizaza, inkuru itakiri inkuru, uyatanze na we hakaba ubwo atanga adahagije". Avuga ko hari inzego ubaza amakuru zikagusaba kureba ayo zatangaje kuri Twitter, mu gihe aho bahashyira amakuru avuga muri rusange naho arambuye umunyamakuru acyeneye gutangariza abaturage ntayabone. Ati: "Nko mu minsi ishize, abanyamakuru bagiye bafungwa baregwa kurenga ku mabwiriza ya 'guma mu rugo', ariko twabazaga ubugenzacyaha tuti 'ese bayarenzeho bate'? Ntibatange amakuru arambuye ngo 'biri mu iperereza'". Bwana Ntwali yongeraho ko ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru mu Rwanda bubangamiwe no kuba hari abanyamakuru baterwa ubwoba bakavanaho inkuru bateguye zidashimishije "abanyabubasha", guterwa ubwoba kubw'umutekano wabo, no gukangishwa kwimwa amahirwe nk'amasoko cyangwa kwirukanwa n'umukoresha. Umunyamakuru ukorera ikinyamakuru cyigenga mu Burundi utifuje gutangazwa amazina, yabwiye BBC ko we abona kuva mu 2015 nta bwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru abona bukiri mu gihugu. Avuga ko kuva icyo gihe leta yashyize imbaraga mu kugenzura cyane itangazamakuru, udakoze mu murongo wifuzwa n'ubutegetsi akaba yahanwa. Ati: "Nanjye ubwanjye nahaniwe inkuru nakoze, ubutegetsi bushaka ko itangazamakuru rikora nk'uko bubitekereza, udakoze gutyo witwa umwanzi w'igihugu". "Igitangazamakuru kimwe cyangwa bibiri bidakora muri iyo nzira ya leta ibyo uzasanga bihora mu bibazo n'urwego rwa leta rugenzura itangazamakuru n'abanyamakuru". Uyu munyamakuru avuga ko inkuru zo guhohotera uburenganzira bwa muntu, ubwicanyi bufite imvo za politiki no kunyereza umutungo wa leta, ari ibintu itangazamakuru ryo mu gihugu ritavuga. Ati: "Ubwo bwisanzure rero ntabuhari kuko nk'ibyo byose turabibona ariko usanga bivugwa n'abari hanze kuko abari mu gihugu dufite ubwoba kandi ari twe twagombye kuvuga ayo makuru mbere". Leta zivuga iki? BBC yagerageje kumva icyo leta y'u Burundi na leta y'u Rwanda zibivugaho, ariko kugeza ubu ntibirashoboka. Reporters Without Borders ivuga ko ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru ku isi mu myaka 10 iri imbere hari ibibazo bizakomeza kububangamira. Bimwe muri ibyo ivuga: