Rwanda - Burundi: Ibihugu byombi biravuga ko byiteguye gufasha impunzi gutaha
Ibaruwa yashyizweho umukono n'impunzi zibarirwa muri magana atatu zo mu nkambi ya Mahama mu Rwanda yandikiwe perezida w'u Burundi isaba ko ibi bihugu byombi hamwe na UNHCR bibafasha gutahuka, bamwe mu bayanditse bavuga ko babona igihe kigeze ngo batahe, nubwo hari abababuza.
Inkambi ya Mahama ubu irimo impunzi zirenga 60,000 izindi ziri mu mijyi ya Kigali na Huye nk'uko UNHCR ibivuga Leta z'ibihugu byombi, zitabanye neza muri iki gihe, ziciye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zatangaje ko ziteguye gufasha impunzi zibyifuza gutaha. Minisiteri y'ubutegetsi n'umutekano y'u Burundi yatangaje kuri Twitter ko itegereje ko ibaruwa y'izi mpunzi igera kuwo yandikiwe kugira ngo bategure gutahuka kwabo "gukwiriye kandi kwemewe n'amategeko vuba bishoboka". Minisiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa by'ubutabazi y'u Rwanda, itavuze iby'iz'izi mpunzi by'umwihariko, yatangaje kuri Twitter ko yiteguye "gufasha gutahura abahisemo gutaha ifatanyije na UNHCR na za guverinoma bireba". Gusa kugira ngo impunzi zitahe habaho kuganira kw'impande eshatu - ibi bihugu na UNHCR - bakumvikana ibitarakorwa kugeza ubu. Mu mpunzi z'Abarundi zimaze igihe zitahurwa n'ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi (UNHCR) nta ziva mu Rwanda zirimo. U Rwanda ni igihugu cya gatatu kirimo impunzi nyinshi z'Abarundi - zigera ku 72,000 - inyuma ya Tanzania na DR Congo. Benshi muri aba bahunze imidugararo ya politiki yo mu 2015. Emmanuel Bizimana umaze imyaka itanu mu nkambi ya Mahama mu Rwanda, ari mu banditse iyo baruwa isaba ko bafashwa gutahuka "kuko bamenye ko nyuma y'amatora umutekano wifashe neza" iwabo. Perezida mushya w'u Burundi Gen. Major Evariste Ndayishimiye mu ijambo rye amaze kurahira mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, yashishikarije impunzi gutahuka iwabo. Gusa amwe mu mashyaka ya politiki n'impunzi zimwe, babwiye BBC ko ijambo rya Bwana Ndayishimiye n'uburyo ibintu byifashe mu gihugu, bidatanga icyizere n'ihumure ku mpunzi ngo zitahe. Bwana Bizimana we agira ati: "Twarabajije uko ibintu byifashe, batubwira ko umutekano wifashe neza, nubwo utaba ari 100% ariko batubwira ko uko twasize ibintu ubu byahindutse. "Twafashe ingingo yo kwandika ibaruwa kuko ibintu by'iwacu hari abatuvugira batanatubajije ngo ntidushaka guhunguka kuko ibyo twahunze bitarangiye". Bwana Bizimana avuga ko hari benshi bifuza guhunguka bari muri iyo nkambi ya Mahama - irimo impunzi zirenga gato 60,000 - ndetse ko hari ababikora baciye mu nzira zitemewe. Agira ati: "Ndakumenyesha ko nk'ejo [ku cyumweru] hari abagerageje gutoroka inkambi ngo batahe ariko barabagarura kuko leta y'u Rwanda iravuga iti nimureke guca mu binywabi, twe rero twaranditse kugira ngo duce mu nzira zemewe n'amategeko." Eric Ntaganzwa nawe uba mu nkambi ya Mahama uri mu bashyize umukono kuri iyo baruwa yabwiye BBC ko igihe kigeze ngo ahunguke. Ati: "Njyewe mu mutima wanjye numva ko mu gihugu hatekanye, ariko twifuza gutaha biciye muri HCR kuko twarahunze HCR na leta y'u Rwanda baratwakira, tukaba twanandikiye umukuru w'igihugu cyacu cy'amavukiro ngo babidufashemo". Ni bande bababuza gutaha? Bwana Bizimana avuga ko hari abanyepolitiki, atavuze amazina, bafite imigambi n'inyungu mu kuba izi mpunzi zidataha. Ati: "Bamwe muri abo rero barashaka kudufata nk'inyungu zabo, ni bo bavuga ngo ntiharagera ko mutaha kuko ibyo mwahunze bitararangira. "Hari abantu bari [hano] mu nkambi bavugana n'abanyapolitiki bari za Burayi n'ahandi babakoresha kubera inyungu zabo". BBC yavuganye n'uhagarariye impunzi z'Abarundi mu nkambi ya Mahama kuri ibi bivugwa n'abashaka gutaha, avuga ko ubu atagira icyo abivugaho ubutegetsi bwabakiriye ntacyo buravuga. Bwana Bizimana we yemeza ko mu nkambi ya Mahama hari benshi bifuza gutaha, ati: "…ariko ntibivuze ko hatari ababona ko hataragera [ko bataha], abo nabo barahari kandi ni uburenganzira bwabo". "Turasaba ko igihugu twahungiyemo cyagerageza kikavugana n'igihugu twahunze bakorohereza abantu twifuza gutaha tugataha mu mutekano, abatabyifuza nabo bakaba babacumbikiye". Amasezerano agomba kuvugururwa Elise Laura Villechalane, umuvugizi wa UNHCR mu Rwanda, avuga ko nubwo hari amasezerano yo gucyura impunzi hagati y'u Rwanda n'u Burundi yo mu 2005, izi mpande eshatu (ibyo bihugu na UNHCR) ubu zigomba guhura ngo zitegure icyo gikorwa. Yabwiye BBC ati: "Murabizi ko kugira ngo habeho gucyura impunzi bisaba ko izo mpande eshatu zibanza zikabyumvikana". Hashize imyaka itanu hari ubwumvikane bucye n'umubano mubi hagati y'abategetsi b'u Burundi n'abo mu Rwanda, nta nama za politiki zabaye ku mugaragaro zo gukemura ibibazo biri hagati y'ibi bihugu, harimo n'ik'izi mpunzi, kugeza ubu. BBC yagerageje kuvugana n'ubutegetsi bw'ibi bihugu byombi ku kibazo cy'izi mpunzi. Madamu Villechalane agira ati: "Ariko hari abataha ku giti cyabo mu buryo tutateguye, umwaka ushize na mbere ya Covid-19 hari impunzi nibura 200 zatahaga buri kwezi. Bamwe mu mpunzi z'i Mahama bari gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri "Ubu rero ubwo banditse bavuga ko bashaka gutaha, UNHCR igiye kwiga uko yabafasha kugira ngo batahe iwabo nk'uko babyifuza". Madamu Villechalane avuga ko batazi niba hari abantu babuza impunzi gutahuka ku mpamvu za politiki, ko UNHCR isaba uwifuza gutaha wese kuyegera ikamufasha. Ati: "Icyo ubu turi kwiga ko cyabaho - kuko amatora nibwo akirangira - ni ukureba niba twashyiraho ibiro bibaha amakuru, kuko abantu bashaka gutaha baba bakeneye kumenya neza uko iwabo byifashe, ibyo biro bikaba byabafasha gufata umwanzuro wigenga kandi ufite amakuru mbere yo gutahuka kwabo". Kugeza mu mpera y'ukwezi kwa gatandatu kwa 2020, UNHCR ibarura impunzi z'Abarundi zirenga 430 000 ziri: muri Tanzania (164,873), DR Congo (103,690), Rwanda (72,007), Uganda (48,275), Kenya (13,800), Mozambique(7,800), Malawi(8,300), Afurika y'epfo (9,200) na Zambia (6,000). UNHCR ishami ry'i Burundi ryabwiye BBC ko kuva uyu mwaka watangira hamaze gutahuka impunzi hafi 8,500 zose zavuye muri Tanzania, uretse umwe wavuye muri Zambia.