Kwirinda byatunaniye, dukomeze dukorere aho?
Hari igihe wisanga ugiye gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina utateguye cyane. Bamwe mu rubyiruko ntibabona imbaraga zo gushaka agakingirizo, abenshi bahita bakorera aho, ibindi bikaza nyuma.
"Umuntu aba yumva mugenzi we ari butekereze ko ushaka kubishya ibintu Hayley umukobwa w'imyaka 24 yari yasohotse ku mugoroba ngo yishimire akaruhuko, akubitana n'umusore baherukana mu mashuri yisumbuye wari umaze igihe yaragiye mu butumwa bwa gisirikare. Byari byiza guhura n'umuntu badaherukana, ibiganiro byari byinshi kandi byiza by'ibihe bishize, uko ijoro rikomeza bafata n'agasembuye ibiganiro bigenda bihinduka iby'utugambo twiza. Hayley yabwiye BBC ati "Uyu musore nari muzi cyera ku ishuri, numvaga nisanzuye ngera aho numva atanteye impungenge ku buryo twakoresha agakingirizo, kugeza ubwo ntangiye kubona ibimenyetso bya 'chlamydia'. Kwa muganga bamusanzemo iyi ndwara yandurira mu mibona nk'iyo, maze atangira kwicuza impamvu yizera abantu. Ati "Ariko narushijeho kubabara numvise undi muntu w'inshuti y'uriya musore ataka ko nawe arwaye iyi ndwara kandi yayanduye mbere y'uko njyewe mbonana nawe. Bivuze ko abikora atabyitayeho akaryama n'abantu ntanikingire". Mbere y'uko aryamana n'uyu, Hayley yakoreshaga ibinini, yari yaramaze gukoresha agakingirizo inshuro 'zibarirwa ku ntoki'. Avuga ko agakingirizo katamunogera kandi agira isoni zo kuzana ikiganiro cyako igikorwa kigeze. Ati "umuntu aba yumva mugenzi we ari butekereze ko ushaka kubishya ibintu, mba numva nashimisha uwo turi kumwe, ariko ubu ndumva ntekereza ibindi kubera indwara nabivanyemo". 'Chlamydia' ishobora gutuma umugore atabyara, ibi bituma Hayley avuga ko nta kwizera umuntu akwiye kugira nanone. Usibye mu bihugu biteye imbere aho urubyiruko 'rugira imyumvire iri imbere ku mibonano mpuzabitsina', no mu bihugu bya Africa urubyiruko rwaho rwigishwa gukoresha agakingirizo, ariko ubu imibare igaragaza ko ruri kugenda rukigizayo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na YouGov na Public Health England (PHE) bugaragaza ko hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'urubyiruko ruri hagati y'imyaka 16 na 24 rwabajijwe rwavuze ko rutakoresheje agakingirizo mu mibonano n'umuntu mushya. Bwerekana kandi ko umwe ku 10 muri uru rubyiruko rushoboye 'kwiha akabyizi' nta na rimwe arakoresha agakingirizo mu buzima bwe. Imibare ikigo National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) cyahaye BBC ivuga ko mu 2003 hejuru ya 43% y'abagabo bari hagati y'imyaka 16 na 24 'bagize uko bigenza' mu byumweru bine byari bishize babazwa bavuze ko buri nshuro yose bakoresheje agakingirizo. Ariko hashize imyaka 10 Natsal yagaragaje ko iriya mibare yamanutse ikagera kuri 36%. Muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ho imibare y'urubyiruko rukoresha agakingirizo yavuye kuri 62% igera kuri 54% hagati ya 2007 na 2017 nk'uko bivugwa na Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Mu Rwanda bimeze bite? Imibare y'ikigo cy'ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda ivuga ko mu 2005 ubushakashatsi ku ngano n'ubuzima bw'abaturage (Demographic and Health Survey) bwerekanye ko 54% y'urubyiruko ruri hagati y'imyaka 14 na 24 rwakoresheje agakingirizo ubwo ruheruka gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2015 bw'ikigo Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC) buvuga ko mu bantu babajijwe 25% aribo bemeje ko buri gihe bakoresha agakingirizo mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Bikavuga ko kudohoka gukoresha agakingirizo byazamuye imibare y'abandura SIDA n'indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Public Health England (PHE) ivuga ko bene izi ndwara ziyongereye mu Bwongereza kuko hagati ya 2016 na 2017 indwara ya 'syphilis' yazamutse ku kigero cya 20%. Igaragaza kandi ko abenshi mu bugarijwe n'iyi ndwara ari abari hagati y'imyaka 16 na 24. Ibi byatumye Public Health England itangira ubukangurambaga bwo gukangurira urubyiruko kwibuka ububi bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye. Ndetse hifashisihjwe ibyamamare, nk'uko no mu bihugu binyuranye bya Afurika bigenda. Kuki agakingirizo batari kukitabira cyane? Impamvu imwe mu zitangwa ni uburyo bunyuranye kandi buteye imbere bwo kuringaniza urubyaro. Mu Bwongereza abagore n'abakobwa bagana serivisi zo kuringaniza urubyaro bavuye kuri 2 bagera kuri 41% mu myaka 10 ishize. Naho agakingirizo ngo ntigahinduka kuva kakorwa mu myaka ya 1950. Abahanga ntibazi neza igihe aka mbere kakorewe kuko ngo ari cyera cyane, gusa bazi ko kakorwaga mu mara y'inyamaswa. Aka mbere gakozwe mu mushashara woroshye kakozwe mu myaka ya 1800, mbere kabaga gakoze mu buryo bupfuka umutwe w'igitsina gusa, nyuma bakora udukwira igitsina cyose, naho mu myaka ya 1900 ihera hakorwa utu tugezweho tworohereye cyane. Utw'abagore two twakozwe bwa mbere mu 1992 ariko ntitwigeze dukundwa. Kuva mu 1957 udukingirizo tugezweho ubu twatangira gukorwa ntabwo ishusho (design) yatwo yigeze ihinduka, hari abavuga ko abantu baturambirwa. Samuel* w'imyaka 27 yabwiye BBC ko akiri ingimbi bamubwiraga ko SIDA ari indwara mbi kandi yica idafite umuti icyo gihe ngo byatumye atangira gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina yikingiye kurusha uko yikingira ubu. Samuel avuga ko imiti ibuza umuntu kwandura VIH ikoreshwa mbere ndetse n'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa VIH byatumye iyi ndwara itagipfa kubonwa n'ibipimo no kwandura. Ibi bigatuma hari abatagitinya gukorera aho. Utagakoresheje aricuza Josh* umusore w'imyaka 26 avuga ko bwa mbere akambara we n'umukunzi we bari bagiye gukoresha agakingirizo ari nabwo bwa mbere bari bagiye 'kwikiranura n'umubiri' ariko igitsina cye cyanze gufata umurego. Kuva ubwo yahise yanga gukoresha agakingirizo ahubwo umukunzi we agafata ibinini. Mu myaka yindi bamaranye kuva ubwo kugeza batandukanye ngo ntibigeze bagakoresha na rimwe. Atekereza ko yabitewe n'uko yari yarabwiwe ko agakingirizo gatuma umusore 'atitwara neza' mu gikorwa. Cynthia Graham, umwarimu w'ibijyanye n'imyororokere muri Kaminuza ya Southampton avuga ko Josh atari we gusa ufite iki kibazo kuko ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2015 ku bagabo 479 muri bo 62% bavuze ko bagize ibibazo byo gufata umurego kw'igitsina cyabo kubera agakingirizo mu gihe cyo kukambara cyangwa hagati mu gikorwa. Porofeseri Graham ariko avuga ko ikibazo atari agakingirizo ikibazo kiba gishingiye mu bitekerezo n'imyumvire by'ugiye kugakoresha. Hari kandi abagore bemeza ko agakingirizo kabatera kuma (soma kuuma), Graham akavuga ko nabyo ari ikibazo cy'ibitekerezo kandi iki cyakemurwa no gukoresha imiti yabigenewe izana ububobere. Laura w'imyaka 24 yabwiye BBC ko buri gihe we n'umusore bari batangiye gukundana bakoreshaga agakingirizo kugeza ubwo ijoro rimwe bisanze ntako bafite bagakorera aho. Yahavanye indwara. Yarahangayitse, ararwara, akize abivanamo isomo. Ubu avuga ko nta na rimwe ashobora kwibeshya ngo akorere aho, yaba kuwo bakundana babonana kenshi cyangwa uwo bahuye by'akanya gato gusa. Ati "buri gihe uricuza iyo utagakoresheje. N'iyo nta ngorane wahura nazo ariko iyo ntako wakoresheje urabanza ugahangayika, utegereje amahirwe yo kudahura n'akaga k'igikorwa cy'akanya gato". Laure ubu atekereza ko umuntu udashaka gukoresha agakingirizo aba afite umugambi mubisha kuri we cyangwa ku bandi. Abahanga bavuga ko ishingiro ry'umuti w'iki kibazo rikwiye kuba kwigisha abakiri bato ibigendanye n'ibitsina n'imikorere yabyo hakiri kare. Ubushakashatsi buvuga ko imyigishirize yabyo ikorwa ubu usanga itarimo kuganira hagati y'uwigisha n'abigishwa, ahubwo kubwirwa gusa. Ndetse ngo usanga abigishwa hari abajya kubona amasomo baramaze gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina. Hayley ati "mbona isomo ku by'ibitsina ridaha abigisha kwisanzura. Ubona ari ugutera ubwoba bati 'reba ibi birwara byose'. Niba ababyiruka batisanzura mu kuganira iby'ibitsina bakiri bato bivuze ko batazisanzura kuganira ku gakingirizo mbere y'igikorwa nibakura".