Kaminuza ya Cambridge iriko ikora amatohoza ku ruhara yagize mu bijanye n’ubucakara
Ishure Kaminuza rya Cambridge rigiye kugira amatohoza ku ruhara ryagize mu gihe c'ubucakara, kandi nimba hari inyungu y'amafaranga ryahungukiye.
Abacakara batwarwa mu bihugu vya Caraïbes, muri Amerika y'epfo n'iya ruguru, hamwe no mu bindi bihugu Iryo shure ryatanguje amatohoza azomara ikiringo c'imyaka ibiri ku bubiko bw'inyandiko (archives), ryihweza nimba hari inyungu ryaronse mu bucuruzi bw'abacakara. Amashure kaminuza agize iminsi abazwa uruhara yoba yaragize mu bijanye n'ubucakara. Prof. Stephen Toope, icegera c'umukuru w'iryo shure kaminuza, avuga ati: "Ni ibisanzwe ko Cambridge itohoza ku nyungu yagize mu bikorwa vy'agahato". Yavuze ati: "Ntidushobora guhindura akahise, ariko kandi ntidushobora kurondera kukiyibagiza". Prof. Toope yipfuza ko ayo matohoza yofasha iryo shure kaminuza "kwemanga uruhara ryagize muri ivyo bihe vy'umwijima mu mateka ya kiremwa muntu". Harashinzwe umurwi w'abahanuzi (groupe consultatif) urongowe na Prof. Martin Millett, ukaba uri mu kigo kijejwe ivyigwa bijanye na Afrika, ukazoba ujejwe kwihweza ububiko bw'inyandiko, amazu y'ibitabo (bibliothèques) be n'ibigo ndangamirage (musées) kugira ngo bige uruhara rwaryo mu bucakara. Prof. Millett avuga ati: "Ubu ntidushobora kumenya ico uwo murwi uzotora, ariko ni nkenerwa ko dufata ko iri shure kaminuza ryaronsemwo inyungu, co kimwe n'ibindi bigo bikomeye vy'Ubwongereza mu gihe c'ubukoloni". "Izo nyungu zifise kuba ari iz'amahera canke ibindi". "Ariko uwo murwi uzokwiga kandi ukungene abashakashatsi bo kuri iri shure bafashije mu guhindura ivyiyumviro vy'abanyagihugu n'abanyepolitike, mu gushigikira, gutsimbataza, rimwe na rimwe bakirengagiza inyifato y'amacakubiri ashingiye ku rukoba atemewe muri kino kinjana ca 21". Uzokwihweza kandi ingene iryo shure kaminuza ryotanga indishi y'akababaro ku ruhara ryagize mw'igurishwa ry'abacakara, haba mu buryo bwibutsa ubucuruzi bw'abacakara, canke mu gutanga imfashanyo y'amafaranga muvy'ukwiga (bourses), canke ku mashirahamwe. Bamwe mu bacakara bakoreshwa mu mirima y'ibikaju mu mazinga ya Caraibe Prof. Millett yamenyesheje ko ishure kaminuza rya Glasgow ririko rishinga ikigo kijejwe kwiga ivyerekeye ubucakara. Ni inyuma y'aho riboneye ko mu binjana vya 18 na 19 ryahawe imfashanyo zivuye mu bucakara, zoba zifise muri kino gihe agaciro kangana n'imiliyoni 198 mu mafaranga y'ico gihugu ( arenga imiliyoni 258 z'amadolari y'abanyamerika). Amashure kaminuza yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Bwongereza ariko akorwako amatohoza kugira ngo bamenye nimba yarungukiye mu bucakara no mu bikorwa vy'agahato, cane cane mu binjana vya 18 na 19. Ubwongereza bwagize uruhara nyabaki mu bucakara Abadandaza b'abongereza bari mu bagize uruhara rukomeye mu rudandaza rw'abacakara rwakorerwa mw'ibahari rya Atlantique, aho bwatwaye hafi imiliyoni 3.1 z'Abanyafrika (muri bo imiliyoni 2.7 bakaba ari bo bashitse) mu bihugu vya Caraïbes, muri Amerika y'epfo n'iya ruguru, hamwe no mu bindi bihugu. Ibivuko vyo mu bisagara vya Londres, Bristol na Liverpool, ni vyo bivuko bikuru vyacishwako abacakara. Mu mwaka wa 1807, leta y'Ubwongereza yarashinze itegeko ryabuza igurishwa ry'abacakara mu bihugu vyose vyegukira Ubwongereza, ariko ubucakara bwarabandanije muri ivyo bihugu gushika mu mwaka wa 1838 buvanyweho burundu.