Coronavirus: Ko 'urukingo ruri hafi', ni gute isi izakingira abantu miliyari zirindwi?
Ku isi hari amatsinda menshi ari kugerageza gukora urukingo rwabasha gukingira umubiri Covid-19.
Uducupa tw'ibirahure twifashishwa mu buvuzi Minisitiri w'intebe w'Ubwongereza Boris Johnson avuga ko urukingo rwayo ari "ikintu kiri gushakishwa cyane kurusha ibindi muri ibi bihe byacu". Ariko uretse siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kurushakisha, abantu baranibaza uko miliyari zirindwi z'abatuye isi zizarubona. Mu Bwongereza, uyu muhate uri gukorerwa cyane cyane muri Harwell Science Campus, mu kigo cyahoze ari icy'ingabo zirwanira mu kirere kiri ahitwa Oxfordshire. Amatsinda y'Abashinwa, Abongereza, Abanyamerika, avuga ko bari mu kugerageza ku bantu urukingo bamaze kubona, igice gishyira icya nyuma. Perezida w'Uburusiya Vladimir Putin we aherutse kwemeza ko urukingo barubonye, nubwo kugeza ubu rutaremezwa n'ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye rishinzwe ubuzima ku isi. Matthew Duchars wo mu kigo gishya cy'Ubwongereza cyo gukora inkingo 'Vaccines' Manufacturing and Innovation Centre' (VMIC) avuga ko igihe ubundi gikoreshwa mu gukora urukingo ubu bakigabanyijemo kabiri. Ati: "Mu gihe twateganyaga ko uru rukingo rwaba rutunganye mu mpera za 2022, ubu twizeye ko ruzaba ruhari mu 2021". 'Ni nko guteka umutsima' Bwana Duchars nta kiruhuko cy'impeshyi azajyamo, akazi ni kenshi mu ntego yo kugera kuri uru rukingo vuba, ahora avugana n'abashakashatsi bari muri uyu murimo. Ati: "Ni igihe gikomeye cyane atari ku gihugu cyacu gusa ahubwo no ku isi yose, kubasha gukora ubu bwoko bw'inkingo zizewe kandi vuba. "Ni ugukoresha uburyo bumwe - ni nko guteka umutsima (cake/gateau)mu rugo. ushobora kumara amasaha uwutegura ariko ubu tugomba gutegura miliyoni 70 zayo kandi yose ikaba itunganye, urebye ntibyoroshye". Ibyo ni agace gatoya. Kubaka ikigo cy'Ubwongereza cyo gukora inkingo (VMIC) byarihutishijwe cyane Kaminuza ya Oxford ubu yamaze gutegura laboratoire zidahoraho, aho izatuburira urukingo rwayo, na mbere y'uko igerageza ryarwo riri gukorwa ku isi bamenya ibivuyemo. Birumvikana neza ko abari kurushaka ubu nibarugeraho bizakenera ko bakora ingano (dose) igera kuri za miliyari, kurugeza ku bantu no kurubatera ku isi hose. Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry'inkingo - Gavi - riri gusaba ibihugu gutangira ubu byitegura kurugeza ku bantu. Ariko ntibyoroshye ko ibihugu byose bikorana, kuko ibihugu bikize byo byatangiye kuvugana na za kompanyi ziri hafi kugera ku rukingo, ngo niruboneka bizahite bibona uruhagije. Kurenga inyungu bwite Seth Berkley, ukuriye ishyirahamwe Gavi, avuga ko imwe mu mbogamizi ikomeye afite ari "ibihugu bishyize imbere inyungu zabyo cyane ku rukingo". Ati: "Ntekereza ko ibihugu byose bikwiye gutekereza mu buryo bw'isi yose, cyane cyane kuko aricyo kintu gikwiriye". Bwana Berkley yongeraho ati: "Niba mu bihugu muturanye hari virusi nyinshi, nawe ntuzasubira mu bucuruzi cyangwa mu ngendo z'abantu uko bisanzwe. Ni ingenzi cyane rero kumva ko tudatekanye, igihe n'abandi bose badatekanye". Igerageza ry'urukingo rwa kaminuza ya Oxford muri South Africa Uretse uko urukingo ruzagera no ku bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, Bwana Berkley agomba no gutekereza ku gukwirakwiza urukingo, harimo nko kwibaza niba ku isi hari uducupa twabugenewe duhagije two kurutwaramo. Mu gihe gishize havuzwe ibibazo mu gukora ibikoresho byo mu buvuzi bikoze mu kirahure. Bwana Berkley ati: "Nabyo biduteye impungenge, byatumye dusaba ko hakorwa uducupa tujyamo 'dose' miliyari ebyiri, uwo ni umubare wa 'dose' twizeye ko uzaba warabonetse mu mpera za 2021." Niba utwo ducupa dukozwe mu kirahure ari ikibazo gikomeye, ubwo n'ibyuma bikonjesha (fridges/frigo) byabugenewe nabyo ni ikibazo, kuko inkingo nyinshi zibikwa mu bukonje. Rugomba guhora rukonje Prof Toby Peters, inzobere mu byo gutwara ibintu bikonje muri kaminuza ya Birmingham, ari gufasha amashyirahamwe nka Gavi gutekereza uko bakongera ibyuma bikonjesha mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Agira ati: "Ntabwo ari frigo y'urukingo gusa, ni n'ibindi byinshi; ibikoresho birutwara bigenda mu ndege, imodoka zirutwara mu bubiko, na za moto cyangwa abarujyana aho rutererwa abantu. Ibyo byose ni ibintu bigomba gukorwa mu buryo buzira amakemwa". Utundi ducupa twinshi cyane nk'utu turacyenewe cyane - ndetse na za frigo zo kutubikamo Prof Peters avuga ko amaze igihe avugana na kompanyi nini zikora ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa ngo arebe niba zatiza ibikoresho byazo bikonjesha bigafasha muri uyu mushinga munini cyane. Kugira ngo uru rukingo rutangwe mu buryo bushoboka, ibihugu bizakenera gutegura abihutirwa bagomba kurubona mbere y'abandi. Ni bande barufata mbere? Dr Charlie Weller, ukuriye gahunda y'inkingo mu kigo cy'Ubwongereza Wellcome Trust, avuga ko bigiye kuba ngombwa ko ibihugu byibaza ibi ibibazo. Ati: "Ni inde ukeneye uru rukingo? Ni irihe tsinda ry'abantu rigeramiwe cyane? Ni bande barucyeneye cyane kurusha abandi? Kuko icyo tubona neza ni uko ikiciro cya mbere cyo gukingira kizaba iyanga, bizasaba rero guhitamo abaruterwa mbere". Yewe no gutera urukingo nk'uko bisanzwe bizaba bigoye. Urugero nk'Ubwongereza, buri kureba uburyo ahantu hasanzwe hifashishwa nk'ibiro by'amatora nk'ahantu hafatirwa uru rukingo. Ibi bishobora kugora ibihugu bisanzwe bikennye. Dr Weller avuga ko bizaba ari ingenzi ko ibihugu biba bisanganywe urwego rw'ubuzima rukomeye, rufite abakozi bafite ubuhanga mu gukingira ikiciro cy'abantu runaka. Abahanga muri siyansi bizeye neza ko hari urukingo rugiye kuboneka. Ariko benshi muri bo bavuga ko barajwe ishinga n'ibikeneye gukorwa niruboneka kugira ngo rugere kuri miliyari z'abatuye isi.