Ibyo tuzi kuri missile nini cyane Koreya ya ruguru yerekanye mu karasisi
Koreya ya ruguru yerekanye missile ya rutura yambukiranya imigabane y'ubunini burenze ubw'izindi zose bagaragaje mbere ko bafite mu ntwaro zabo. Inzobere mu bya gisirikare Melissa Hanham aravuga iby'iki gisasu n'uburyo ari icyago kuri Amerika n'isi.
Kim Jong-un: "I feel very grateful for all our people being healthy and sound" Mu kwizihiza isabukuru y'imyaka 75 y'ishyaka ry'abakozi muri iki gihugu, igisirikare cyakoze akarasisi gakomeye cyane kandi kadasanzwe kabaye hagati mu ijoro. Ibi birori byari birimo abantu benshi bidasanzwe batambuka mu karasisi badasobanya, byaranzwe kandi n'ijambo ryuzuye imbamutima ry'ukuriye iryo shyaka Kim Jong-un, wageragaho agatsikimba arimo avuga ingorane igihugu cyaciyemo. Ku musozo, Koreya ya ruguru yamuritse missile rutura ishobora kuraswa ku yindi migabane ari nayo nini cyane kugeza ubu berekanye ko bafite. Ibi ni ibintu bitatu tuzi kuri iki gisasu. Akarasisi kari ako kwizihiza imyaka 75 ishyaka ry'abakozi riri ku butegetsi rimaze Intwaro y'ingenzi Kim yasezeranyije Tariki 01 z'ukwezi kwa mbere mu 2020, Bwana Kim avuga ijambo ry'umwaka mushya, yavuze ko igihugu kiri "gukora intwaro zikomeye zifitwe n'ibihugu biteye imbere gusa". By'umwihariko yasobanuye "intwaro y'ingenzi" - bivuze iza kirimbuzi - iri gukorwa. Bwana Kim yagereranyije iyo ntwaro n'iza Amerika, avuga ko "mu gihe kiri imbere, uko Amerika itinda ikanashidikanya ku mubano wa Koreya ya ruguru na Amerika, ni ko izisanga ntacyo igishoboye imbere y'imbaraga za Rupubulika ya Demokarasi ya Rubanda rwa Koreya, ziri kwiyongera birenze ibyitezwe". Iyi missile ya rutura ni yo ntwaro y'ingenzi Bwana Kim yasezeranyije. Igambiriye ahanini Amerika kandi imuritswe nk'ingaruka zo kunaniranwa mu biganiro n'ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Trump. Ikigeragezo gishya ku bwirinzi bwa Amerika kuri za missile Koreya ya ruguru ifite missile ebyiri zambukiranya imigabane yagerageje. Izo mu bwoko bwa Hwasong-14 yagerageje mu 2017 zishobora kuraswa mu ntera ya 10,000km zikaba zagera mu Burayi bw'uburengarazuba cyangwa ku butaka bwa Amerika zitwaye umutwe w'igisasu cy'ubumara kirimbuzi. Hwasong-15 zageragejwe mu 2017, zishobora kuraswa muri 13,000km, zo zishobora kuraswa aho ariho hose muri Amerika zijyanye umutwe w'igisasu cy'ubumara kirimbuzi. Iyi missile nshya, itarageragezwa, nayo iri mu bwoko bumwe n'izi ariko y'uburebure n'ubunini budasanzwe kurusha Hwasong-15. Hari izindi missile nazo zerekanywe zitwawe n'ibimodoka birebire cyane Mu gihe moteri z'iyo missile zitaratangazwa cyangwa ngo igeragezwe, biragoye cyane kumenya intera ishobora kuraswamo. Icyakora, ishusho n'ingano yayo irerekana neza gahunda ya Koreya ya ruguru: Ntibagicyeneye kongera uburebure bw'aho missile zabo zishobora kugera. Ahubwo, bari kugerageza uko missile imwe yajyaho imitwe myinshi y'ubumara kirimbuzi. Ibi byaba indi ngorane ku bwirinzi bwa Amerika kuri za missile, kuko uko hiyongereyeho undi mutwe Amerika iba icyeneye ibindi bikoresho byinshi byo kuwufata. Ibihugu bifite intwaro kirimbuzi ziteye imbere zifite ibikoresho byitwa 'multiple independent re-entry vehicles' - cyangwa MIRVs - ibi byifashishwa mu gushyirwaho imitwe myinshi y'ibisasu kirimbuzi bishobora kuraswa ahantu hatandanye, Koreya ya ruguru irashaka gukora nk'ibi. Impamvu ikomeye iteye impungenge Haracyari ibyibazwa ku ishusho y'igisasu cyerekanywe ubwacyo, bituma bigoye kumenye igihe n'uko kizageragezwa. Gusa, imodoka yari icyikoreye nayo iteye kwibaza. Imwe mu mbogamizi ya Koreya ya ruguru mu kuba yajya mu ntambara y'intwaro nk'izi ni umubare w'ibikoresho birasa za missile (launchers). Ubusanzwe, ushobora kurasa missile nyinshi bitewe n'ubwinshi bwa 'launchers' ufite. Koreya ya ruguru ikunze gukoresha akarasisi kanini cyane ka gisirikare ku minsi mikuru Amerika igereranya ko Koreya ya ruguru ishobora kurasa missile zambukiranya imigabane zitarenze 12. Iyo mibare ishingiye ku kuba bazi ko Koreya ifite 'launchers' esheshatu buri imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo kurasa missile imwe, kandi bakaba bagorwa no kuba bakohereza indi vuba vuba Amerika itarasubiza. Mu 2010, Koreya ya ruguru yatumije mu Bushinwa imodoka nini cyane esheshatu za WS51200 izihinduramo ibikoresho byitwa transporter erector launchers (TELs). Izo TELs ni zo Koreya ya ruguru yakoresheje mu gutwara, kumurika no gushinga izi missile, ni nazo zakoreshwa mu kuzirasa. Izi modoka ni iz'agaciro gakomeye kuko zibasha no kwigirayo ubwazo mbere gato yo kurasa missile, kuko byagorana cyane kuzisimbuza mu gihe byaba bigenze nabi. Aka karasisi ni ko ka mbere kamuritswemo bene ziriya modoka zirenze esheshatu. Izi modoka nshya zaravuguruwe cyane. Koreya ya ruguru ikoresha imodoka ndende, nka zimwe muri izi ziri kuri iyi foto, mu gutwara izi missile zambukiranya imigabane Ibyo rero bisobanuye neza ko Koreya ya ruguru igifite ibyangombwa byatuma ibona 'launchers' nubwo hariho ibihano bibuza ibihugu kugira icyo biha Koreya ya ruguru muri uru rwego. Birasobanutse kandi ko bubatse ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho iwabo ku buryo bashobora guhindura - cyangwa kuba banakora ubwabo - 'launchers' zirasa izi missile. Iyi missile rutura nshya ya Koreya ya ruguru, yakozwe mu mwaka umwe, ni ubutumwa ku isi bwo kudasuzugura imbaraga zayo, umutegetsi wayo cyangwa ikoranabuhaga bagezeho. Melissa Hanham, ni inzobere mu by'intwaro kirimbuzi, ni umukuru wungirije wa Open Nuclear Network (ONN), gahunda ya One Earth Future Foundation