Abigeme b'ubu ntibakeneye Muganga mu gukuramwo imbanyi, baravyikorera
Igitigiri c'abaja ku mbuga hwaniro barondera uburyo bwo gukuramwo imbanyi cikuvye kabiri muri ino myaka cumi irangiye, ni ivyahishuwe mu cigwa BBC yakoreye kuri Google.
Ukuboko kuri hejuru ya mudasobwa yo mu bwoko bwa "tablette" Muri iryo tohoza vyibonekeje ko mu bihugu amategeko yo gukuramwo imbanyi akaze, usanga hari abantu benshi bacukura ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi barondera ibinini vyo gukuramwo inda. Iyo bahejeje kugura ivyo binini ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi hanyuma bagasaba impanuro abo basanganywe mu migwi ya WhatsApp, abagore benshi barihoza amategeko bagashobora gukuramwo inda. Kuno nikwo vyifashe mu buzima bwa none, ico bise "DIY abortion" bisigura "Vyikorere wewe nyene ukuramwo inda". Ibihugu usanga hari amategeko akaze, aho bemera ko inda ikugwamwo hageze gusa gukingira ubuzima bw'umuvyeyi canke aho vyose bibujijwe, usanga igitigiri c'abacukura ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi barondera ibinini vyo gukuramwo imbanyi vyitwa Misoprostol cikuba incuro 10, ugereranije n'ibihugu bitihanikiza uwo mugenzo, niko icigwa ca BBC cerekana. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gukuramwo imbanyi; mu kubaga canke gutanga imiti. Uravye kw'ikarata iri hano munsi, igitigiri c'abacukura ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi barondera ibinini vyo gukuramwo imbanyi cikuvye kabiri. Ikarata yerekana ukwo igitigiri c'abantu cikuvye kabiri ku bacura barondera ibinini vya Misoprostol hagati yi 2004-2018 Gukuramwo imbanyi ku buryo bw'ibinini, bisaba gukoresha ibinini vyo mu bwoko butandukanye, Misoprostol na Mifeprostone, kugira ngo inda ishobore kuvamwo. Misoprostol irafise irindi zina nka Cytotec. Mu gihe mu bihugu nk'Ubwongereza abagore bandikigwa n'umuganga gufatanya iyo miti ukwo ari ibiri, abagore barondera ivyo binini ku mbuga (online) baturuka mu bihugu vyihanikiza uwo mugenzo, baba bariko baca iruhande y'amategeko, bakaba bohanwa bimwe bikomeye. Ghana na Nigeria ni ibihugu bibiri bifise igitigiri kinini c'abarondera ibinini vya Misoprostol, nkuko ivyegeranyo biva kuri Google bivuga. Ghana yemera ko umuntu akuramwo imbanyi igihe yafashwe ku nguvu, yasambanishijwe n'umuntu w'umuziro, umwana yagize ingorane canke mu kurondera kubungabunga umugore ngo ntagire ingorane zo mu mutwe. Muri Nigeria ho birakaze gusumvya: ugukuramwo imbanyi vyemewe igihe ubuzima bw'umuvyeyi bugeramiwe gusa. Ku bihugu 25 bivugwamwo igitigiri kinini c'abacukura ku bijanye n'ibinini vya Misoprostol, 11 biri muri Africa, 14 muri Amerika y'ikilatini. Ikarata yerekana ibihugu amategeko yavyo yemeza gukuramwo imbanyi Abacukura ku mbuga ibinini vyo gukuramwo inda mu bihugu Mu minsi iherutse BBC yatanze amakuru ko hari umugwi wa WhatsApp ukorera muri Brésil, ufasha abagore kurondera ivyo binini ukabaha n'impanuro z'ingene bobikoresha. Juliana (si izina ryiwe ry'ukuri) ni umwe mu bagore bafashijwe n'uwo mugwi wa WhatsApp. "Naravyikoreye jenyene mu nzu iwanje, ndabwira isaha ngiye gutangurirako abo mu mugwi wa WhatsApp group," niko uwo mukobwa w'imyaka 28 avuga. "Ivyo niyumviye vyari vyiza cane, ingene abandi bagore bo mu mugwi bafashanya, bagahanahana amakuru, bakabwirana aho bafise ubwoba n'amakenga. Ivyo vyarankomeje. "Biraryoshe kumenya ko utari wenyene. Uwo mugwi wari uhambaye kuri jewe, kugira ngo numve ko ata kimbangamiye." Iyo usuzuma ivyegeranyo vya Google ntubona gusa ibihugu aho ibitigiri vy'abacukura biri hejuru kurusha ahandi. Urashobora kubona n'amajambo akoreshwa mu gucukura. "Abortion pills" (ibinini vyo gukuramwo inda) niryo ryungane ryakoreshejwe cane mu bihugu vyasuzumwe na BBC. "How to abort" (Wokuramwo inda gute) nico kibazo kibazwa muri 2/3 vy'ivyo bihugu. "How to use Misoprostol" (Misoprostol ikoreshwa gute), "Misoprostol price" (Ikiguzi ca Misoprostol), "buy Misoprostol" (Kugura Misoprostol) na "Misoprostol dosage" (ingene umuntu afata Misoprostol) niyo majambo akunze gukoreshwa mu gucukura ku bijanye n'ugukuramwo inda. Ikarata yerekana ingene igitigiri c'abacukura ku mbuga kiri hejuru mu bihugu amategeko akazemwo Iruhande y'ibinini vyo gukuramwo imbanyi, abagore bakunze gucukura barondera ubundi buryo bokoresha mu kwikuriramwo inda. Ivyatsi nka "parsley", "cinnamon", vitamine C, aspirine hamwe n'ivyayi vyo gukorora inda biri mu bikunze gucukugwa. Mu gice c'ibihugu vyasuzumwe iryungane "home remedies for abortion" (umuti wo mu gihugu ku wipfuza gukuramwo inda) ni ryo ryakoreshejwe cane. Nta muti n'umwe mu yavugwa muri "home remedies" uvugwa ko umuntu yowufata ntihagire ico yinona, nkuko bivugwa n'ikigo ca Onu citaho amagara y'abantu "Organisation Mondiale de la Santé" (OMS) Ikibazo co gukuramwo imbanyi kiri mu bivugwa cane muri kino gihe mu gihugu ca Argentine Kw'isi yose, abantu bagera ku miliyoni 25 nibo bakuramwo imbanyi mu buryo butokwizegwa, nkuko OMS ivuga, bakangana ibice 45% vy'abantu bose bakuramwo inda. Naho ikoresha rya Misoprostol mu gukuramwo inda ari uburyo bwiza iyo bukurikiranywe n'umuganga, iyo bukoreshejwe n'umuntu atavyazi burashobora gutera ingorane. OMS ivuga ko hari abantu bafata iyo miti yo gukuramwo imbanyi batazi ingene bayikoresha, ico kigo kikavuga ko ari ibice 31% vy'abantu bose bakuramwo imbanyi. "Naho imiti ikoreshejwe yoba ari myiza cane munyuma ukayikoresha ukwo bisabwa, haguma hari igihara," niko Dhammika Perera, umuganga muyobozi wa Marie Stopes International avuga. Iyo umugore aguriye ibinini ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi, canke akabihagwa n'umuntu atavyigiye, bituma iyo nda ishobora kuvamwo nabi, niko avuga. Usanga munyuma abo bagore bagiye kuza barivuza kuberako bitaba vyagenze neza. Mu misi ya vuba BBC yarumvise amakuru ya Arezoo, umunyeshuli yiga ivy'amategeko, yaba muri Irani. Yasanze yarasamye inda yatewe n'umukunzi wiwe, bari bamaranye imyaka itanu bagendana. "Umu "gynécologue" wese nabona naca ninjira mu biro iwe," niko avuga. "Igihe abo baganga bambarije bagasanga sindarongogwa kandi nkeneye gukuramwo inda, baca banyirukana." Yaciye arondera impapuro za magendo zerekana ko yahukanye, abona kuronka umuganga yemera kumufasha. "yanciye amahera menshi cane ku binini umunani vyonyene," niko avuga. Ariko uwo muti nta na kimwe wamariye. Arezoo yaciye aja ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi, aca atora ishirahamwe ry'abagiraneza risanzwe rirungikira ibinini abagore bo mu bihugu bifise amategeko akaze, riramuha impanuro kandi riramufasha. Ibinini yari yaronse kuri uwo muganga vyatumye ava amaraso, igikorwa yari yatanguye co gukuramwo inda nticarangira, munyuma Arezoo ajanwa ku bitaro n'umukobwa bavukana inyuma y'indwi imwe. "Narabeshe, mvuga ko umugabo wanje ari mu Bufaransa, ko ivyangombwa vyanje vyugaraniwe ahantu, ko nashaka gukuramwo imbanyi." Abakozi bo ku bitaro ntibanyumvirije, banka kunshira mu bitaro. Munyuma ngo vyabaye nk'igitangaro kugira ngo bamwakire, bemere n'ivyo avuga, niko Arezoo avuga. "Inyuma yuko kubesha kwose no gutanga inkuru zitabaho, naremerewe kwinjira ibitaro, inyuma y'iminota 30 imbanyi yari ikuweyo. Bwari ubwa mbere numva ko ubuzima umengo burahagaze," niko avuga. Ibice 14% vy'inda zikugwamwo, ziba mu buryo butizeza, bukogwa n'abantu batavyigiye, bakoresha uburyo bushobora guhitana umuntu, nko kwinjiza mu muntu ibikoresho bitazwi canke bagakoresha imiti y'ivyatsi. Hashobora kwaduka ingorane zo kwandura izindi ngwara canke inda ntikugwemwo neza. Iyo inda itakuwemwo neza, abaganga bavyigiye bashobora kuguha imiti, canke bakakubaga bivanye n'ingene umerewe. Niburiburi abagore 22800 barapfa ku mwaka bivanye no gukuramwo nabi inda, nkuko ikigo Guttmacher Institute kivuga.