Kuki urukingo rushya rwa Ebola rwateje impaka?
Hakomeje impaka ku busabe bwuko hakoreshwa urundi rukingo rwa kabiri rwa Ebola muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Kongo, igihugu kuri ubu cyugarijwe na Ebola ya mbere ikaze cyane mu mateka yacyo - yadutse ku nshuro ya 10 muri iki gihugu mu kwezi nk'uku kwa munani k'umwaka ushize.
Umuntu wa kabiri yatangajwe ko yishwe na Ebola mu mujyi wa Goma mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Kongo Dr Oly Ilunga, weguye nka Minisitiri w'ubuzima wa Kongo nyuma yaho yakiwe inshingano zo kuyobora ibikorwa byo guhangana n'indwara ya Ebola, yavuze ko urukingo ruri gukoreshwa ubu ari rwo rwonyine rwagaragajwe ko rushoboye. Ndetse n'umudepite utavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi yavuze ko urukingo rushya rutakorewe igerageza, avuga ko afite ubwoba ko abaturage ba Kongo bafatwa nkaho ari 'imbeba z'inzungu' zikoreshwa mu kugeragerezwaho imiti. Impuguke mu buzima zivuga ko urukingo rwa kabiri rwa Ebola rwujuje ubuziranenge kandi ko rushobora kuba ingenzi mu kurwanya ikwirakwira rya virusi yayo. None impungenge zirava hehe? Ese zaba zifite ishingiro? Urwo rukingo rwarageragejwe mbere? Porofeseri Peter Piot, impuguke kuri Ebola wo kuri Kaminuza ya London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine yakoranye na kompanyi ikora imiti ya Johnson & Johnson mu gukora uru rukingo, avuga ko rwakorewe igerageza ku bantu 6000 ndetse ko "rwagaragaje kugira ubuziranenge buhebuje". Inyigo zagaragaje ko nubwo urwo rukingo rukiri mu cyiciro cy'igerageza ndetse rukaba rutarageragerezwa ku barwayi ba Ebola, rwagaragaje ko ari ingirakamaro cyane mu magerageza yakorewe ku nguge (ubwoko bw'inyamaswa zifite imiterere ishingiye ku isano yenda kumera nk'iya muntu). Uburyo bumwe bushoboka bwo kurugerageza ku bantu ni mu gihe cy'icyorezo, kuko bitaba bitanga umutekano kurugeragereza ku bakorerabushake batewe virusi ya Ebola mu igerageza ryo muri 'laboratoire'. Uko ni ko urukingo rwa mbere - rwakozwe na kompanyi Merck & Co ikora imiti - rwatangijwe muri Guinea-Conakry kandi rugatanga umusaruro mu mwaka wa 2015. Icyo gihe rwatangijwe mu "buryo bw'ingoboka", butuma hakoreshwa umuti utarahabwa uruhushya rwo gukoreshwa (urwo ruhushya rushobora gufata imyaka ibarirwa no muri za mirongo kugira ngo rutangwe) mu gihe nta yandi mahitamo ahari, ariko byemewe n'igihugu kirangwamo iyo ndwara. Imibare y'ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) igaragaza ko uru rukingo rwitwa Merck rushobora kugira umumaro ku kigero cya 97.5% ku baruhawe, ugereranyije n'abatarubonye. OMS ivuga ko uru rukingo ari nta makemwa kandi ari ingirakamaro kuri Ebola, ariko ko rugikeneye gukorerwaho igerageza kugira ngo ruhabwe uruhushya rwo gukoreshwa. Ubu rero, ibiri kuba ubu muri Kongo - impaka ziri kugibwa - ku rukingo rushya rwa Ebola, bisa nkuko byari bimeze mu mwaka wa 2015 ku rukingo rwa mbere. Hari gihamya ifatika ko rufite ubuziranenge kandi rutanga umusaruro, ariko ntirurigera rukoreshwa mu gihe cy'icyorezo, kandi ntirurahabwa uruhushya rwo gukoreshwa nk'urukingo. Umugore uri gusuzumwa indwara ya Ebola Haba hari inkingo zihagije? Niba hari urukingo rwa Ebola rwamaze kugaragazwa ko rukora neza, kuki ahubwo rutahita rutangwa ku bwinshi? Mu kwezi gushize kwa karindwi, inama ya OMS ishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse yavuze ko "yemera ko hari ubucye bw'urukingo" Merck rwa Ebola. Dr Josie Golding wo mu kigo Wellcome Trust cy'ubushakashatsi, avuga ko bishoboka ko hatazabaho uru rukingo ku gipimo gihagije mu rwego rwo guhangana n'indwara ya Ebola muri Kongo. Yagize ati: "Bibaye ari uko bimeze, byagira ingaruka zikomeye cyane". "Twemeza dushimitse ko hacyenewe byihutirwa gukoresha no kugenzura urukingo rwa kabiri rwa Ebola, rwakozwe na kompanyi Johnson and Johnson". Mu gihe kigufi kiri imbere, inkingo zo muri ubu bwoko zihari kuri ubu zishobora kuba zaba zihagije, ariko ntabwo zaba zigihagije mu gihe iyi ndwara yakomeza kugaragara. Kompanyi yakoze urukingo Merck ivuga ko ifite inkingo zihagije zo gukingira abantu bagera hafi ku bihumbi 500, kandi ko ifite gahunda yo gukora izindi nkingo. Ubu hari imiti y'uru rukingo igera hafi kuri miliyoni imwe n'ibihumbi 500. Mu ntara ebyiri zirangwamo Ebola mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo, hari abaturage barenga miliyoni 10. Uru rukingo ruri gukoreshwa muri Kongo ruri guhabwa gusa abakora mu bikorwa by'ubuzima ndetse n'abantu bashobora kuba baragize aho bahurira na virusi ya Ebola. Rero, niba leta ya Kongo ishaka gukingira Ebola ku buso bugari kurushaho, izakenera izindi nkingo zirenzeho. Abaharanira ko urukingo rushya rwa kompanyi Johnson & Johnson rukoreshwa, bari basabye ko rukoreshwa mu buryo bwo kubaka urukuta rw'ubwirinzi hakingirwa abaturage bo mu bice bitarangwamo Ebola. Byizewe ko ubwo buryo bwafasha mu kubuza virusi ya Ebola gusakara no mu bindi bice. Umugabo uri gukingirwa Ebola muri Kongo Kutizerwa n'abaturage Leta ya Kongo yagaragaje impungenge ifite z'ibibazo by'urusobe byaterwa no gukoresha inkingo ebyiri icyarimwe mu bikorwa byo kurwanya Ebola. Ivuga ko hari ibyago byo guteza urujijo no kongera ukutizerwa mu bice birangwamo Ebola. Urugamba rwo guhangana na Ebola rwaranzwe no kutizerwa n'abaturage. Hari kandi n'impungenge ko uru rukingo rushya - rusabwa kuruterwa kabiri harimo intera y'iminsi 56 - rushobora kugorana kurutanga mu karere gatuwe n'abaturage bahora mu ngendo mu bushabitsi butandukanye, kandi karangwamo umutekano mucye.