Ifaranga ‘Libra’ rya Facebook rizafasha Africa?
Guhera mu mwaka utaha, Facebook irashaka ko abantu miliyari ebyiri bayikoresha batangira no gukoresha ifaranga ryayo ryo kuri internet yise 'Libra', bakajya babasha kwishyura bakoresheje 'app' cyangwa WhatsApp bakoreshe iyi 'crypto-currency' nshya.
Libra ya facebook niza izizerwa? Izakoreshwa? Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 139 muri Afurika bakoresha Faceboook, iby'iri faranga ryo kuri murandasi (internet) bivuze iki kuri bo? bizabafasha iki? Iby'iri faranga bivuze byinshi kuri Africa, umugabane ukorerwaho ubucuruzi no kwishyurana byinshi kandi kimwe mu bice by'isi bidakoresha amabanki cyane. Aho kandi abantu bagenda biyongera mu gukoresha amafaranga bagendana kuri telephone ngendanwa. Guhanahana, kohererezanya no kwishyurana amafaranga kuri telephone no mu ntoki hari benshi babigiriramo ingorane zo kwibwa cyangwa kwamburwa. Abandi bavuga ko hakenewe ubundi buryo bwo kohererezanya amafaranga buhendutse kurusha ibiciro bihanitse bya banki n'ibigo nka Western Union na MoneyGram. Raporo ya Banki y'isi yasohotse umwaka ushize ivuga ko igiciro cyo kohereza muri Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara kiri hejuru ku kigero cya 20% ugereranyije n'ahandi ku isi. Iyi raporo ivuga ko kohereza $200, uva cyangwa wohereza muri aka gace, mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2018 byishyurwaga $19. Gusa ntawakwirengagiza impamvu zitandukanye zirimo isoko ritari hamwe n'ibindi bitandukanye bituma kompanyi nka Western Union ziboneraho kuzamura ibyo biciro. Impungenge z'umutekano Leta nyinshi za Afurika zifitiye ubwoba aya mafaranga yo kuri internet (crypto-currencies), nka Bitcoin. Urutonde ni rurerure rw'ibihugu byabujije ikoreshwa rya bene aya mafaranga mu buryo bunyuranye, muri byo harimo; Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe ndetse n'u Rwanda aho banki y'igihugu yagiriye inama abanyarwanda kwirinda kuyakoresha kuko atizewe uko acungwa n'uko akoreshwa. Hari impungenge nyinshi ku nkomoko n'uburyo bwo kubona aya mafaranga yo kuri internet ndetse n'ubwoba bw'abajura (crypto-hackers) bashobora kubizamo. Aya mazina akoreshwa avuze iki? - Crypto-currency: nta noti cyangwa ibiceri, aba kuri internet, akoresha ubuhanga bwitwa 'blockchain' mu kuyaha agaciro. Azwi cyane ni Bitcoin, ntabwo atangwa na za leta cyangwa za banki. - Blockchain: Ni uburyo bwo kubika amakuru, uruhererekane rwo kuyahanahana kuri za mudasobwa ku isi nta muntu ubigenzura cyangwa urwego. - Libra yatanira he na Bitcoin? Nayo izakoresha ubuhanga bwa blockchain ariko urwo ruhererekane ruzaba rugenzurwa na kompanyi zizwi. Hari ababona ko iri ari ifaranga rizakoreshwa cyane mu gihe kiri imbere Hari abatizeye Facebook n'abayishyigikiye Ibi ni ibintu abayobozi ba Afurika bashaka kuganira na Facebook mbere. Muri Amerika, abadepite bamaze gusaba ko gukwirakwiza Libra bihagarikwa mu gihe Facebook itarasobanurira inteko niba Libra itazongera guhana amafaranga mu buryo butemewe cyangwa atazifashishwa mu iterabwoba. Facebook irakoresha uburyo bwose ngo yereke abashyiraho za politiki ko iri rizaba ari ifaranga rishobora no gukoreshwa na za Banki. Ishyigikiwe cyane n'ibigo nka Visa, MasterCard, Uber, Spotify ndetse na PayU yo muri Afurika y'epfo. Facebook imaze kwigarurira benshi bayikoresha muri Afurika ndetse mu bihugu 17 kuyigeraho ntibisaba internet, intwaro ya mbere mu kumvikanisha impamvu y'ifaranga ryabo. WhatsApp ikoreshwa n'abantu benshi nayo ni iya Facebook, uburyo ivuga ko yakwifashisha mu kwishyura ukoresheje Libra. Kuba ibasha guha abantu bakennye serivisi zirimo kubona amakuru, akazi, ubumenyi n'ibindi ku buntu ni intwaro ikomeye. Gusa kuba Facebook ibonera inyungu mu bikorwa byo kwamamaza no gucuruza amakuru y'abayikoresha bituma buri wese yibaza kuri za miliyoni z'amafaranga yo kuri Internet ishaka gusohora n'inyungu izazivanamo ku banyafurika benshi cyane batamenyereye iby'amafaranga nk'aya. Aya mafaranga yakwizerwa? Ibibazo bijya biba ahanyuranye ku mirongo ya internet muri Afurika, ibibazo byo gucika cyangwa kuvaho rimwe na rimwe kwa Facebook, WhatsApp na Instagram biteye impungenge zo kwizera Libra. Gusa nanone mu myaka iri imbere, kuba umuntu yabasha koherereza abo mu rugo kuri WhatsApp $100 bakagenda bakishyura ibyo bakeneye ku isoko bakoresheje Libra, ntako byaba bisa