DR Congo: Akazi k'indyankurye ko kurinda Virunga National Park
Kurinda amashyamba ya pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo - ahaba ingagi zo mu misozi zugarijwe no gushiraho ku isi - bishobora kuvugwa ko ari kamwe mu tuzi tw'indyankurye ku isi.
Abarinda pariki banita ku mfubyi z'ingagi zo mu misozi zo muri pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga Mu mezi 12 ashize, abarenga 20 mu bakozi b'iyi pariki barishwe - kandi no ku itariki ya 22 y'ukwezi gushize kwa kabiri Luca Attanasio wari ambasaderi w'Ubutaliyani muri DR Congo yarishwe, hamwe n'umucungira umutekano n'umushoferi we, mu gitero cyabereye hafi aho. Emmanuel de Merode, Umubiligi w'imyaka 50 ukuriye abarinzi barenga 800 ba pariki ya Virunga, ya mbere ikuze cyane mu myaka muri Afurika - imaze imyaka 96 - ikaba ari na yo ya mbere nini cyane kuri uyu mugabane, agira ati: "Ikigero cy'ubwitange buba mu gutuma aka kazi gakomeza, iteka kizahora ari cyo kintu cya mbere kigoye cyane kukiyumvisha". Iyi pariki iri ku buso bwa kilometero kare hafi 7,800 kandi iteye mu buryo bw'urusobe - kuva ku birunga bigifite ubushobozi bwo kuruka, ibiyaga bigari, amashyamba y'inzitane, kugera ku misozi. Iyi pariki yashinzwe igamije kubungabunga ingagi zo mu misozi, ubu ku isi hose izisigaye zikaba ari 1,000 gusa. Ariko imibare irimo kwiyongera kandi, muri amwe mu makuru meza, mu kwezi gushize havutse abana batatu b'ingagi muri iyi pariki. Bwana de Merode amaze imyaka hafi 30 aba muri DR Congo, ariko aracyibuka umunsi yahageze bwa mbere. Ati: "Naguze moto i Kampala ndayitwara mva muri Uganda ninjira muri Congo, kandi iyo urimo kwambuka umupaka uhita utungurwa n'ubunini bwa pariki n'uburyo ari nziza bihebuje". Bwana de Merode, wavukiye muri Tunisia akarererwa muri Kenya, ni igikomangoma cyo mu Bubiligi, ariko ntabwo ajya akoresha iryo zina n'icyubahiro cyo kuba ari igikomangoma. Emmanuel de Merode akorera muri DR Congo kuva mu mwaka wa 1992 Avuga acishije macye kandi atuje, nubwo buri munsi we n'itsinda bakorana baba bari mu ngorane. Ibitero bibiri byaguyemo abantu byabaye mu mezi 12 ashize bimaze igihe bibatera umutima uhagaze bose: Gracien Muyisa Sivanza, umurinzi wa pariki ushinzwe ibiyaga byo muri pariki, agira ati: "Nkubwije ukuri, ni ibintu bibabaje cyane gutakaza abantu benshi cyane b'urubyiruko bose icyarimwe". "Bagenzi banjye b'abarinzi bapfuye bakundaga akazi kabo cyane ndetse bagera naho bahasiga ubuzima babigirira intego yacu yo kubungabunga ibidukikije". Ariko avuga ko bituma bose bagira umuhate kurushaho wo "gukomeza urugamba twatangiranye... mu rwego rwo kubaha icyubahiro". "Ntekereza ko batewe ishema natwe aho bari aho ari ho hose". Bwana de Merode na we mu 2014 yararashwe arakomereka. Agira ati: "Ugomba kubyemera [ko hari ibyago]. Ni pariki y'igihugu ikaba iri mu bigize leta ya Congo, nayo yabayemo intambara mu gihe kinini cyane cy'amateka yayo ya vuba aha". 'Twatumye pariki ikomeza kubaho' Ariko anavuga ku byo pariki yagezeho, nubwo ikomeje guhura n'izi ngorane. Ati: "Twagize ibihe byinshi byiza n'ibibi... twarakubititse, ariko hamwe n'ibyo hari ukuba twaratumye iyi pariki ikomeza kubaho". Abarinzi barenga 800 bashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga barinze iyi pariki Icyo gitero kuri Bwana de Merode cyabaye mu gihe kigoye ubwo inyeshyamba za M23 zitwaje intwaro ziremereye zarimo zigarurira ahantu henshi muri ako karere. Muri icyo gihe kandi, kompanyi yo mu Bwongereza yahoze yitwa SOCO icukura ibikomoka kuri peteroli yari yahawe uruhushya na leta ya DR Congo rwo gucukura ibikomoka kuri peteroli, mu butaka bw'iyi pariki. Ubushyamirane nabwo bwari buri ku kigero cyo hejuru - ndetse bikinwamo filime yitwa Virunga yasohotse mu 2014 ikajya no mu zahataniye igihembo cya Oscar mu cyiciro cya filime mbarankuru. Ati: "Twarimo turwana na kompanyi yo mu Bwongereza icukura ibikomoka kuri peteroli... Twari mu bushyamirane. Kuri uwo munsi, nari natanze raporo y'iperereza rikomeye ku bikorwa by'iyo kompanyi icukura ibikomoka kuri peteroli". Ubwo yari atwaye imodoka ataha ari wenyine mu ishyamba, yaguye mu mutego. Ati: "Narashwe mu gatuza no mu nda". Rachel Masika Baraka wari mu barindaga iyi pariki, yishwe mu mwaka wa 2018 ubwo ba mukerarugendo babiri b'Abongereza bashimutwaga Iyo kompanyi yamaganye icyo gitero ndetse ihakana ivuga ko nta ruhare yakigizemo. Kuva icyo gihe yahinduye izina ryayo ndetse ihagarika gukorera muri DR Congo. Bwana de Merode avuga ko "yabaye umunyamahirwe" icyo gihe. Ati: "Abantu bo mu cyaro banyigijeyo, rero umuhate wanjye urakomeje ari bo mbicyesha. Abakozi benshi bacu bo ntibagize ayo mahirwe". Mu gihe abantu bapfuye bashyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ye muri iyi pariki, avuga ko "bisiga akababaro kenshi mu mutwe wanjye ntashobora no kubona uko nsobanurira imiryango yabo". Ibindi wasoma kuri Virunga: Bigereranywa ko imitwe yitwaje intwaro ibarirwa mu icumi cyangwa irenga ibeshwaho n'umutungo w'iyi pariki - ishimuta inyamaswa cyangwa itema ibiti byo kugurishamo inkwi zo gucana. Umutungo kamere wa DR Congo umaze imyaka ibarirwa mu macumi urwanirwa. Iki gihugu gifite umutungo w'amabuye y'agaciro nka diamants (diamonds), ibikomoka kuri peteroli, cobalt na cuivre (copper), uruta uboneka ahandi hantu aho ari ho hose ku isi. Ikirunga cya Nyiragongo kiri muri pariki ya Virunga, kiracyafite ubushobozi bwo kuba cyaruka. Aha, kigaragarira kure. Giheruka kuruka mu mwaka wa 2002 Ibi ni bimwe mu by'ibanze bicyenerwa mu ikoranabuhanga ryo muri iki gihe, nko mu gukora ibikoresho by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (cyangwa umuyagankuba mu Kirundi) no mu gukora za telefone zigezweho (smartphones). No muri pariki ya Virunga ni ko bimeze. Ifite umutungo kamere wo munsi y'ubutaka ndetse no ku binyabuzima biyirimo. Ariko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni ebyiri baturanye n'iyi pariki benshi babeshejweho n'amafaranga ari munsi y'idolari 1,5 ry'Amerika (1,400 mu mafaranga y'u Rwanda) ku munsi. Mu gihe cya vuba aha gishize inzovu nyinshi zabonywe muri iyi pariki Ariko uko guhatanira kuramuka Bwana de Merode ntakwirengagiza, akabona ko kurinda iyi pariki ahanini ari n'ikibazo cyo kumenya gusaranganya umutungo uyivamo. Ati: "Ntabwo ari ikibazo cyoroshye cyo kurinda gusa ingagi n'inzovu; ni ugukemura ikibazo cy'ubukungu kiri mu byateje imwe mu ntambara zaguyemo abantu benshi cyane mu mateka [y'isi]". "Abanye-Congo barenga miliyoni zirindwi bicyekwa ko bapfuye mu myaka 30 ishize kandi ishingiro ryabyo ni ikibazo cy'ubukungu". Bwana de Merode yongeraho ati: "Twemera cyane ko kugira ngo Virunga ikomeze kubaho, tugomba mbere na mbere kwita ku baturage ba hano. Tugomba gutuma iyi pariki iba ikintu kibabyarira inyungu". "Ubukerarugendo si umukino turimo gukina... Ducyeneye kureba uburyo bwo gutuma habaho ubukire ariko pariki itangijwe".