Covid-19: Ibihugu bikize 'bibangamiye' gahunda z'ibihugu bicyennye zo gukora inkingo
Ibihugu bikize - birimo n'Ubwongereza - birimo gutambamira ubusabe bwo gufasha ibihugu bicyennye kongera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gutubura inkingo, nkuko inyandiko zohererejwe bitifuzwaga ikiganiro cya BBC Newsnight zibigaragaza.
Impuguke nyinshi zivuga ko kugera ku nkingo mu buryo butarimo ubusumbane ari ingenzi kugira ngo abatuye isi bagire ubudahangarwa kuri iki cyorezo Ibihugu byinshi bicyennye cyane byasabye ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS/WHO) kubifasha. Ariko ibihugu bikize cyane birimo gusubiza inyuma ibisabwa n'amategeko mpuzamahanga byafasha ibihugu bicyennye kugera kuri ibi. Ibi bikubiye muri kopi y'inyandiko y'ibiganiro kuri iyo ngingo yatangajwe bitifuzwaga, ikubiyemo umwanzuro wa OMS kuri iki kibazo. Muri ibyo bihugu bikize cyane harimo Ubwongereza, Amerika n'ibihugu bigize umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi (EU/UE). Diarmaid McDonald, wo mu kigo Just Treatment giharanira ko abarwayi bagera ku miti mu buryo bungana, yagize ati: "Aho twashobora kuvuga kuburyo bwatuma byorohera kurushaho ibihugu gutubura inkingo nyinshi kurushaho n'imiti myinshi kurushaho mu gihugu, haba harimo na gahunda zatera inkunga kandi zikorohereza ibyo. Ubwongereza buri ku rundi ruhande kuri iyo ngingo rwo kugerageza gukura mu nyandiko ubu busabe bureba ibi bindi byashoboka". Umuvugizi wa leta y'Ubwongereza avuga ko "icyorezo cyibasiye isi gisaba igisubizo gihuriweho n'isi kandi Ubwongereza buri imbere buyoboye, burangaje imbere ibikorwa byo gutuma inkingo n'ubuvuzi bya Covid bigerwaho mu buryo bungana ku isi". Uyu muvugizi yavuze ko Ubwongereza ari kimwe mu bihugu bitanga imfashanyo nyinshi cyane muri iyo gahunda y'ibihugu by'amahanga yo gutuma uyu mwaka ibihugu bicyennye bigerwaho na doze zirenga miliyari imwe z'inkingo za coronavirus. Ikibazo cyo kwibaza niba cyangwa ryari leta zikwiye kugira uruhare mu gutuma imiti iba ku giciro giciriritse, kimaze igihe kirekire. Ariko, ubushobozi bw'ibihugu bitandukanye bwo kubona inkingo n'imiti bwagaragajwe cyane n'iki cyorezo. Impuguke nyinshi zivuga ko kugera ku nkingo mu buryo butarimo ubusumbane ari ingenzi mu kwirinda ubwandu n'impfu ndetse no kugira ngo abatuye isi bagire ubudahangarwa kuri iki cyorezo. Ariko ubushobozi bw'isi bwo gukora inkingo ubu bugera hafi kuri kimwe cya gatatu (1/3) cy'ubushobozi bucyenewe, nkuko bivugwa na Ellen t'Hoen, impuguke mu mategeko ajyanye n'imiti n'umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge (intellectual property). Madamu Ellen yagize ati: "Izi ni inkingo zikorerwa mu bihugu bikize kandi muri rusange zikagumanwa n'ibyo bihugu bikize". Yongeyeho ati: "Ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere birimo kuvuga biti ducyeneye kubonaho, atari gusa ku nkingo, ahubwo no ku burenganzira bwo gutubura izi nkingo". OMS ibikoraho iki? Mu gukora urukingo, ntucyenera gusa uburenganzira bwo gukora ibintu birugize (birindwa n'amategeko), ahubwo unacyenera n'ubumenyi bujyanye no gukora inkingo kubera ko ikoranabuhanga ryazo rishobora kuba ari urusobe. OMS nta bubasha ifite bwo kurenga kuri ubwo burenganzira bwo kuzikora - ariko irimo kugerageza guhuza ibihugu ngo harebwe uburyo bwo kongera inkingo. Ibiganiro birimo no kuba hakoreshwa ibikubiye mu mategeko mpuzamahanga ngo barenge kuri ubwo burenganzira, mu gufasha ibihugu kugira ubushobozi bwa tekinike bwo gukora inkingo. Ariko, urwego rw'abakora imiti ruvuga ko gukuraho ubwo burenganzira byabangamira ubushobozi bwo gushora imari mu buvuzi bwa Covid-19 n'izindi ndwara. Mu ntangiriro y'uku kwezi, abahagarariye urwego rukora imiti rw'Amerika bandikiye Perezoda Joe Biden bamumenyesha impungenge ibyo bibateye. Kompanyi zikora imiti zivuga ko zanatanze inkunga y'amafaranga ndetse zigatanga imiti mu gufasha guhangana n'iki cyorezo. Ariko, impirimbanyi zivuga ko amafaranga yavuye mu baturage agera hafi kuri miliyari 125 z'amadolari y'Amerika yatanzwe mu gukora imiti n'inkingo za Covid-19, ko rero abaturage bakwiye kubigiramo umugabane. Izi mpirimbanyi zivuga ko mu gihe iki cyorezo kizaba kirangiye, hari amafaranga menshi azaboneka. Madamu Ellen agira ati: "Biragaragara ko hari gahunda z'igihe kirekire zo kongera igiciro cy'izi nkingo ubwo icyiciro cyihutirwa cyane cy'iki cyorezo kizaba kirangiye. Rero iyo ni indi mpamvu ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere birimo kuvuga biti ducyeneye kubona ubushobozi bwo kuba ubwacu twakora izi nkingo ubu".