John Magufuli: Iby'ingenzi byaranze Perezida wa Tanzania watabarutse ku myaka 61
John Pombe Magufuli, umuhungu wavutse ku muhinzi-mworozi utifashije akaza kuba Perezida wa Tanzania mu mwaka wa 2015, yapfuye ku wa gatatu afite imyaka 61, leta itangaza ko yazize ibibazo by'umutima.
Uyu wigeze gushimagizwa kubera uburyo bwe bw'imikorere burimo no kuvuga atarya indimi, yagezeho aba umutegetsi utavugwaho rumwe, by'umwihariko ku bijyanye na gahunda ye ijyanye n'icyorezo cya coronavirus. Mu 2020 yatorewe manda ya kabiri, mu gihe abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bamushinjaga uburiganya mu matora no kubatera ubwoba. Mbere yuko aba perezida, yahimbwe izina rya 'tingatinga' - rya ya modoka ninini ikora imihanda - kubera kuyobora gahunda yo gukora imihanda ubwo yari minisitiri w'ibikorwa-remezo, ndetse nyuma aza gushimagizwa kubera uko yitwaye ku kibazo cya ruswa n'uburyo yangaga bikomeye isesagurwa ry'amafaranga. Nka perezida, yanashinjwe kwibasira abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi no kugabanya ubwisanzure bumwe na bumwe, ariko nyuma y'urupfu rwe, mu kwibaza ku gihe yamaze ku butegetsi hazajya hibandwa ku buryo bwihariye bwe wenyine mu guhangana na Covid-19. 'Coronavirus ni shitani' Ubwo Covid-19 yageraga muri Tanzania, Perezida Magufuli ntabwo yemeye ibyo gutuma abantu baguma mu rugo. Yashakaga ko bajya mu nsengero, kiliziya no mu misigiti gusenga. Magufuli, wari umukristu gatolika ukunda gusenga, yigeze kuvugira kuri altari muri kiliziya yo mu murwa mukuru Dodoma ati: "Coronavirus, iyi ikaba ari shitani, ntabwo ishobora kurokoka mu mubiri wa Kristu... Izahita ishya ako kanya". Hari igihe cyageze Magufuli ashishikariza abaturage gukoresha imiti gakondo, nk'uku kwiyuka ibyatsi, mu rwego rwo kurwanya coronavirus Kuva mu kwezi kwa gatandatu mu 2020, ubwo yatangazaga ko iki gihugu "kitakirangwamo Covid-19", uyu perezida, ari kumwe n'abandi bategetsi bo hejuru muri leta, bannyeze akamaro k'udupfukamunwa, bashidikanya niba gupima ubwandu hari icyo bimaze, ndetse bamera nk'abashwaza ibihugu baturanye byashyizeho ingamba zo guhangana n'iyi virusi. Muri Tanzania hari hari ugupima gucye kandi nta gahunda zashyizweho zijyanye n'igikorwa cyo gukingira coronavirus, bituma iki gihugu gisigara kimeze nk'igikora ibyacyo cyonyine. Ariko ubwo yarahizwaga nka perezida mu kwezi kwa cumi mu 2015, kuri manda ya mbere y'imyaka itanu, Magufuli yasaga nk'umuntu Tanzania yari icyeneye - umutegetsi utanga umusaruro kandi udashobora kurya ruswa. 'Tingatinga' itangiye akazi Ibikorwa bye bishyize imbere gutanga umusaruro byanagaragajwe nk'ibishobora gukora no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afurika - nk'umuti uyu mugabane wari ucyeneye wo guhangana n'ibibazo byawo by'imiyoborere. Ku munsi we wa mbere na mbere ku butegetsi, yatanze ubutumwa bwo kuburira mu buryo bukakaye ko atazihanganira ibyari byarabaye akamenyero ku bakozi ba leta byo gusiba akazi uko bishakiye. Icyo gihe yari yasuye ibiro bya minisiteri y'imari, abaza aho abatari bari ku kazi baherereye. Yanacishije umweyo mu bihumbi by'abiswe "abakozi ba baringa" - abahembwaga kandi batabaho imishahara yabo igafatwa n'abandi bantu - abakura mu bo leta yahembaga. Yanirukanye, ku mugaragaro, abategetsi yafataga nk'abamunzwe na ruswa cyangwa badatanga umusaruro. Rimwe na rimwe, ibi yabikoreraga kuri televiziyo ako kanya birimo kuba. Yarwanyije ibyo yabonaga ko ari ugusesagura, akuraho ibirori byo kwizihiza Umunsi w'Ubwigenge - ku nshuro ya mbere mu myaka 54 yari ishize ibyo birori biba. Ahubwo, ategeka ko habaho umuganda wo gukora isuku, agaragara yandujwe no gutoragura imyanda ku nyubako y'ibiro bya perezida. Magufuli yitabiriye ibikorwa by'umuganda wo gukora isuku Yanaciye ingendo zose zo mu mahanga ku bategetsi bo muri leta. Mu mwaka wa mbere w'ubutegetsi bwe, ubu buryo bw'imikorere ye bwatumye ashimagizwa cyane, aba intandaro y'interuro (hashtag) yo kuri Twitter ya #WhatWouldMagufuliDo, ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda ni nko kuvuga ngo uko abaye ari Magufuli we yabigenza ku kintu runaka. Nubwo ubutumwa bumwe bujyanye n'iyo 'hashtag' bwannyegaga gahunda ze zo kwizirika umukanda - nk'urugero: "Ese nk'ubu niguriye ishyiga rya kijyambere, nuko nkibaza uko Magufuli we yabigenza", buriho ifoto y'isafuriya iteretse hejuru ya za buji - abandi basabye ko abategetsi benshi bo muri Afurika bamwigiraho ubwo buryo bwe bw'imitegekere. Mu 2017, umwarimu wa kaminuza wo muri Kenya yageze aho asaba ko Afurika ikorerwa icyo yise "Magufulication", mu rugendo yari yakoreye kuri Kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam. Ucishirije mu Kinyarwanda, uwo yasabaga ko Afurika ihindura imitegekere ikaba nk'iya Magufuli. Ariko kuva mu ntangiriro, byaranagaragaraga ko hari igice kibi cy'ubutegetsi bwe - ko zimwe muri gahunda z'ubutegetsi bwe gahoro gahoro zari kuniga urubuga rwa demokarasi. John Magufuli mu ncamake Mu kwezi kwa mbere mu 2016, amaze hafi amezi abiri ku butegetsi, ubutegetsi bwe bwatangaje ko televiziyo y'igihugu itazongera gutangaza irimo kuba (live) imirimo y'inteko ishingamategeko igihe yateranye. Leta yatangaje ko bwari uburyo bwo kugabanya isesagura ry'imari. Abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi babibonye nk'uburyo bwo kuniga itangazamakuru, kuko bwari bumwe mu buryo bwo gutuma leta ibazwa ibitagenda neza. Bategura imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana iryo hagarikwa, ariko leta ihita ivuga ko imyigaragambyo yose itemewe. Urundi rugero rw'uko kuniga ibitekerezo, ni ingamba Magufuli yafashe ku ndirimbo yasohowe mu 2017 y'umuraperi Nay wa Mitego wo muri Tanzania. Nta munsi urashira isohotse, polisi yahise ifunga Mitego. Yashinjwe gutuka perezida no kwandagaza guverinoma kubera indirimbo ye yari irimo n'imirongo ihanura. Uyu muraperi w'ijwi rimeze nk'irisaraye - ubundi izina rye ry'ukuri ni Emmanuel Elibariki - yararirimbye ati: "Haba hakiri ubwisanzure bwo gutanga ibitekerezo muri iki gihugu?" "Nava aho mvuga, nyuma nkisanga ndi kuri Central [ibiro bikuru bya polisi]?" "Haba hari abategetsi bafata ibyemezo birimo ubucucu? Barahari!" Ubwoba yaririmbyeho bwabaye impamo - byarangiye koko afungiwe ku biro bikuru bya polisi i Dar es Salaam. Nubwo hashize umunsi umwe Perezida Magufuli yategetse ko Nay wa Mitego arekurwa, yagiye inama ko iyo ndirimbo isubirwamo ikajyamo imirongo ivuga ku bindi bibazo biriho mu muryango mugari wa Tanzania, nk'abahunga kwishyura imisoro. Mu 2017, depite Tundu Lissu utavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi - nyuma y'imyaka itatu waje guhatana na Magufuli mu matora ya perezida - yararashwe arakomereka bikomeye ari hanze y'iwe mu rugo. Bwana Lissu yashinje leta kugerageza kumwica, aregwa gukoresha amagambo y'urwango kubera kuvuga ko perezida ari umunyagitugu. Leta yahakanye ivuga ko nta ruhare na rumwe yagize muri icyo gitero. Mu cyo imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yabonye nko kugabanya ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru, ubutegetsi bwa Magufuli bwahagaritse ibinyamakuru bimwe. Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu Amnesty International, wo mu Bwongereza, wavuze ko abanyamakuru bari bafite ubwoba bwo kwibasirwa. Itegeko ry'umusoro mwinshi cyane Ubutegetsi bwa Magufuli bwakomeje gushyiraho imvange y'amategeko akaze kandi adasanzwe, bushyiraho amategeko mashya agamije kongera amafaranga leta yinjiza avuye mu masosiyete mpuzamahanga y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro (cyangwa ubutare mu Kirundi). Mu 2017, sosiyete Acacia Mining, ishami rya sosiyete Barrick Gold yo muri Canada, yaciwe umusoro udasanzwe wa miliyari 190 z'amadolari y'Amerika kubera ibyo leta yavugaga ko itishyuye, nubwo iyo sosiyete yo yavuze ko nta kintu kibi na kimwe yakoze. Mu rwego rwo kumvikana, sosiyete Barrick Gold yagezeho yemera kuriha miliyoni 300 z'amadolari nyuma yo kugura sosiyete Acacia, nuko ishinga sosiyete nshya yo kuhakorera yitwa Twiga Minerals, leta ya Tanzania igira imigabane ingana na 16% muri iyo sosiyete ihuriweho. Barrick Gold na leta ya Tanzania banemeranyijwe kugabana inyungu zitasobanuwe zo mu gihe kiri imbere zivuye mu mabuye y'agaciro, buri ruhande rugatwara 50%. Nuko haza no kuba igerageza ryananiwe ryo kuburizamo itegeko ko abanyeshuri b'abakobwa batwite birukanwa ku ishuri. No mu 2018, Tanzania yashyizeho itegeko rihana umuntu uwo ari we wese ukemanze ibarurishamibare rya Tanzania, bituma leta isigara ari yo yonyine yemerewe gutangaza imibare. Banki y'isi yavuze ko izo mpinduka "ziteye impungenge zikomeye". Ariko n'abamunenga bemera ko Magufuli yagize uruhare mu iterambere rya Tanzania, ishora imari mu mishinga migari myinshi nko gushyiraho inzira ya gariyamoshi ihuza iki gihugu na bamwe mu baturanyi mu karere, kwagura imihanda migari ikomeye, ndetse no kubaka uburyo bwa bisi zihuta (bus rapid transit) mu kugabanya ubucucike bw'ibinyabiziga mu mujyi mukuru w'ubucuruzi wa Dar es Salaam. Yanongereye umuriro w'amashanyarazi (cyangwa umuyagankuba mu Kirundi) mu muyoboro mugari w'igihugu, bituma bitagicyenerwa ko ibice bimwe bifungirwa umuriro kugira ngo ibindi nabyo biwubone. Ndetse yasubijeho kompanyi ya Tanzania yo gutwara abagenzi mu ndege ya Air Tanzania. Magufuli yavuze ko mu mitegekere ye yafatiye urugero kuri Mwalimu Julius Nyerere waharaniye ubwigenge bwa Tanzania Yashingiye imitegekere ye kuri Perezida wa mbere wa Tanzania Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, iteka wahoraga ari umuntu wigenga bikomeye. Kandi ibi bisa nkaho yabishingiyeho mu buryo yakoresheje mu guhangana na coronavirus. Magufuli yagize ati: "Data [papa] wacu washinze igihugu ntabwo yari umuntu wo gutegekwa abwirwa icyo gukora... Abashyiraho amategeko nk'aya [ya guma mu rugo] bamenyereye gushyiraho aya mategeko data wacu yanze". Aho yakomozaga ku kamenyero ka Nyerere ko kwanga inama yagirwaga n'ibihugu by'i Burayi n'Amerika, uyu mutegetsi wagenderaga cyane ku mahame ya gisosiyalisiti akaba atarabyizeraga. 'Nzi icyo kuba umucyene bivuze' Magufuli yakuze mu gihe cy'ubutegetsi bwa Nyerere, akurira mu cyaro cyo mu karere ka Chato mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw'igihugu, ku nkombe y'ikiyaga cya Victoria. Avuga ko kuba yaravutse mu muryango utifashije byamuteye gushaka kuzakorera abaturage ba Tanzania. Mu kwiyamamaza kwe mu 2015, yagize ati: "Inzu yacu yari isakaje ibyatsi, kandi nkuko byari bimeze ku bahungu benshi nashinzwe kuragira inka, ndetse no kugurisha amata n'amafi ngo nunganire umuryango wanjye". Yongeyeho ati: "Nzi icyo kuba umucyene bivuze. Nzihatira gufasha mu kuvugurura imibereho". Nyuma yo kwiga, yigishije umwaka umwe mu ishuri ryisumbuye nk'umwarimu w'imibare n'ubutabire, mbere yuko yongera kujya kwiga amasomo yo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Yakoze imyaka micye nk'impuguke mu butabire bwo mu rwego rw'inganda (cyangwa amahinguriro mu Kirundi), mbere yuko abivamo mu mwaka wa 1995 akajya kwiyamamariza kuba umudepite uhagarariye akarere avukamo ka Chato. Magufuli yakomeje kuba umuntu ukunzwe muri Tanzania nubwo hari bamwe bamunengaga Nyuma yo kwicara ku ntebe y'ubudepite, mu buryo bwihuse yahise azamuka mu ntera agirwa minisitiri wungirije w'ibikorwa-remezo. Minisitiri Mama Anna Abdallah yari yungirije muri iyo minisiteri, avuga ko uburyo bwe bwo kutarya iminwa, bwibanda ku gutanga umusaruro no kugera ku bintu bifatika, bwahise bwigaragaza. Mu mwaka we wa mbere muri ako kazi, yatunguye abantu ashoboye gukoresha umuhanda wari umaze igihe waratinze gukorwa, unyura mu nyubako y'iyo minisiteri. Mu 2015, Magufuli yashakaga kwiyamamariza kuba perezida. Bivugwa ko yabaye umukandida uhuriweho na bose mu bakuru bo mu ishyaka rya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) - rimaze imyaka 44 ku butegetsi. Ayo matora ni yo ya mbere yabayemo guhatana gukomeye mu mateka y'iki gihugu, ariko Magufuli ayatsinda bigoranye ku majwi 58%. Mu 2020 yatsindiye manda ya kabiri n'amajwi 84%, ariko amashyaka akomeye atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi yamaganye ibyayavuyemo avuga ko yabayemo uburiganya - ibyo akanama k'amatora kahakanye. Ubusabe bw'abandi bategetsi bamwe bo mu karere ko hakwiye kwigirwa ku mitegekere ye bwaragabanutse, mu gihe yanengwaga n'abanyapolitike batavuga rumwe na we, imiryango itegamiye kuri leta n'ibihugu by'i Burayi n'Amerika. Aba bamunengaga bavuze ko yari arimo akandamiza abatavuga rumwe na we, agabanya ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru ndetse no kunaniza amasosiyete y'abanyamahanga ayakoresha mu buryo bwa byange uhave. Ariko nka perezida wavugaga ko ari Umunyafurika ushyize imbere kurengera igihugu cye ndetse akaba n'umunyagatolika ukunda gusenga urwanya ibihugu bikomeye by'amahanga bishaka kumunga umutungo wa Tanzania, ntabwo yahungabanyijwe n'uko kwamaganwa. Ibi bishobora kuba ari byo byamuyoboye mu buryo yitwaye mu guhangana n'iki cyorezo, imyitwarire izahora iteka igarukwaho ku bijyanye n'uko Magufuli abonwa.