Uganda 2021: Kubera iki Yoweri Museveni amaze igihe kirekire ku butegetsi?
Mu gihe yoramuka atsinze nk'uko vyitezwe mu matora y'umukuru w'igihugu ategekanijwe ku wa 14 z'ukwa mbere 2021, Perezida Yoweri Museveni azoba agomba amare imyaka 40 ku butegetsi - igihe kirekire gusumba abandi bakuru b'iki gihugu co kimwe no mu bihugu vyo muri kano karere.
Mu gihe ibindi bihugu vya Afrika vyashizeho ibiringo ntarengwa ku butegetsi, ntivyoroshe kubona uwundi mutegetsi wa Uganda canke w'ikindi gihugu mu karere ka Afrika y'Ubuseruko ashobora kumara igihe kirekire nka we canke kumusumvya. Ivyo bimeze uko mu gihe hari abatwaye imbere yiwe batamaze n'umwaka, bamwe bakama iminsi mike. Nk'akarorero, aba perezida Paulo Muwanga yamaze iminsi 10, Yusuf Yule yamaze iminsi 68, na Godfrey Binaisa yamaze iminsi 327. None uyu mutegetsi yakoze iki kugira ngo agume ku butegetsi iki gihe cose? Umukuru w'igihugu wa mbere wa Uganda, Milton Obote, yakuwe ku butegetsi akombowe n'igisirikare mu 1972. Iri komborwa ryakozwe na Jenerali Idi Amin yarongoye Uganda gushika mu 1979 yirukanywe ku butegetsi n'igisirikare ca Tanzania kiri kumwe n'iyindi mirwi yarwanya ubutegetsi bwa Uganda. Idi Amin Museveni na we nyene yashitse ku butegetsi aciye mu ntambara maze yirukana ku butegetsi leta ya Tito Okello Lutwa mu kwa mbere 1986. Uyu Okello nawe yari yashitse ku butegetsi asubiriye gutembagaza Obote ubwa kabiri - akaba kandi yari afadikanije n'ingabo zari zirongowe na Museveni. Kuva ironse intahe y'ukwikukira mu 1962, Uganda ntirigera irongorwa n'abakuru b'igihugu biciye bw'ibisikanya riciye mu matora. Igihe cose, abakuru b'igihugu bagenda binjira ku butegetsi bakabuvanwako n'umunwa w'inkoho. Iki cumvikana ko kugira ngo habe umukuru w'igihugu yari kumara igihe kirekire ku butegetsi yategerezwa kugira igisirikare we nyene afise mu minwe. Igihe cose yavuga mugenziwe wa Tanzania, Julius Nyerere, Museveni yaguma avuga ko akabanga nyako k'uyu mukuru w'igihugu Nyerere yubahwa cane muri ico gihugu yashoboye kumara imyaka irenga 20 ku butegetsi ari uko yari afise ubutegetsi bwose ku gisirikare. Rero biboneka ko Nyerere yamuhaye icigwa gikomeye kandi akiga akamenya. Igisirikare ca Uganda (UPDF) muri kino gihe cavuye mu gisirikare co mw'ishamba c'umuhari National Resistance Army (NRA) wa Museveni comoye Okelloku butegetsi. Iki gisirikare cari ico Museveni we nyene ubwiwe yashinze, kandi gushika ubu abafise ijambo rinini ni abo bari kumwe mw'ishamba n'aho uko imyaka yagiye igenda ariko yinjizamwo amaraso mashasha. Abantu nka ba Jenerali Elly Tumwine, Jenerali Caleb Akandwanaho (Salim Saleh) - uyu akaba ari mutoyi wiwe - Jenerali David Tinyefuza Sejusa, Kahinda Otafiire n'abandi batari bake, ni abantu bamanye nawe mu kiringo c'imyaka hafi 40. Kubona yashoboye gushiraho igisirikare gihuriyemwo abantu b'ubwoko bwose bwa Uganda - bitandukanye n'imbere y'iwe aho wasanga abenshi bava mu buraruko bw'iki gihugu - vyatumye gikomera, kirizigirwa, maze nawe ashobora kumara igihe kirekire ku butegetsi. Uyu muperezida kandi azwi ko afise amayeri menshi akoresha mu guha uturusho twinshi cane abasirikare bakuru bakuru, ibi bigatuma bamwiyumvamwo, bakabona ko ata wundi yoza abafata neza uku, ko uwundi yoza ku butegetsi yohava abahinduka. Museveni n'igisirikare ciwe UPDF babaye nk'impene n'ubwatsi, aho impene izeye uburaro n'uburamuko ku bwatsi kugira ngo ibeho, maze ubwatsi nabwo bukaba buzeye uburaro n'uburamuko ku mpene zibuha intabire kugira ngo bushobore kumera neza. Iyi migenderanire ya mpa nguhe yatumye Museveni atabogozwa ku butegetsi. Ni ibihe vyiza yakoreye Uganda? Museveni wa kino gihe aratandukanye n'urya wo mu myaka 10 ya mbere y'ubutegetsi bwiwe, ni ukuvuga wo kuva mu 1986 gushika 1996. Igihe afata ubutegetsi, yemereye yongera akorera abanyagihugu ivyiza bitari bwigere bibaho ku baperezida bagiyeho imbere yiwe. Yaje avuga ko hakenewe igihugu kigendera ku migambi itomoye, avuga ku kibazo c'abategetsi ba Afrika bagomba kuguma ku butegetsi kandi baruhishije abanyagihugu, mbere atangaza n'imigambi yahimbaye cane abanyagihugu biwe. Ashitse ku butegetsi, yasanze ubutunzi bw'igihugu bugeze ahatemba, mu gihe umwimbu w'umunyagihugu asanzwe wangana n'amadorari 35 gusa, ariko ubu ukaba wariyongereye ku ncuro zirenga 10. Yasanze abanyagihugu bo mu buraruko bahanzwe n'akarwi k'inkorabara kari karongowe n'umugore yitwa Alice Lakwena kahohotera abanyagihugu bo muri ako gace, mu nyuma havuka uwundi murwi witwa Lord Resistance Amy (LRA) wari urongowe na Joseph Kony. Joseph Kony yari arongoye umuhari Lord Resistance Army (LRA) Museveni yararwanije iyi mirwi yompi arayitsinda, maze agarukana amahoro arama muri Uganda. Igihe kandi Museveni ashika ku butegetsi mu 1986, Uganda yari yasinzikajwe na ca kiza ruhonyanganda SIDA, maze aca aragihagurukira bimwe biboneka. Uganda ya kino gihe, irangwamwo amahoro, ikaba yubahitse mu makungu, mbere n'abanyagihugu bakaba bamerewe neza, hari n'abivugira ko ari naco gituma iki gihugu ari co kirondoka cane gusumba ibindi bihugu kw'isi, ibi vyose bikaba bikomoka ku butegetsi bwa Museveni. Hari benshi cane bamwibuka kandi bamukunda kubera ibintu vyiza yakoreye Uganda. Ikibazo ciwe nyamukuru afise muri kino gihe, ni uko abanye Uganda benshi bagizwe n'urwaruka, bikavugwa ko imyaka iciriritse y'umunye Uganda ari 16, ibi bikumvikana ko abanyagihugu benshi muri iki gihe batazi amagorwa iki gihugu caciyemwo imbere ya Museveni. Aba rero bazi Uganda ya kino gihe, bakaba bakeneye kubona amaraso mashasha arongora iki gihugu. Ingene inzego z'umutekano zikora mu matora Mu matora yose yabaye muri Uganda kuva mu 1996, Museveni nk'umugaba w'ingabo n'umukuru w'igihugu yarakoresheje ubu bubasha mu gushira hasi abamurwanya bose. Igihe cose, niwe yama aboneka cane ku mboneshakure/televiziyo y'iki gihugu UBC mu gihe c'imyiyamamazo, agakoresha amamodoka n'ubundi buryo bwa leta mu myiyamamazo yiwe, maze igipolisi n'igisirikare hamwe n'iyindi mirwi yitwara gisirikare bigatoteza mbere no gukubita abarondera guhinganwa nawe. Inkurikizi y'iki ni uko Uganda itarigera ironka amatora meza yiyumvwamwo n'abahiganwa bose kuva hatanguye intwaro ishingiye ku migambwe myinshi. Nivyo ko abantu bakora imyiyamamazo, hakaba amatora, mbere n'ibwirizwashingiro rikaba ryemererera iyindi migambwe, ariko bisa n'uko ari kw'izina gusa kuko vyose biri mu minwe y'uwuri ku butegetsi. NRM ifise uburyo burengeye kandi ikaba itunze kurusha iyindi migambwe Mu myaka cumi ya mbere ari ku butegetsi, Museveni yabanje kwirukana iyindi migambwe muri ico gihugu avuga ko ari yo ntandaro y'amacakubiri yari yabaye ndanse muri ico gihugu. Hagati aho, na we nyene yari yatanguje umuhari wa National Resistance Movement (NRM) wahavuye uba umugambwe; ukaba wavyawe na NRA. Kubera imigambi yawo yo gushira hamwe abanyagihugu wishimikije ububasha bwa Museveni, NRM yagiye kwisanga ari wo mugambwe wonyene ushinze imizi muri Uganda yose, iyindi yavutse inyuma ya 1996 ikaba yisanga iri inyuma cane. Nk'akarorero, umugambwe nka Democratic Party watangujwe na Dr. Paul Ssemogerere wari uzwi cane ko wakundwa n'abo mu bwoko bw'Abaganda, ibi bituma mu bundi burere canke mu yandi moko batawiyumvamwo. Rero uravye mu banywanyi, uyu mugambwe NRM niwo usanga ufise abanywanyi benshi mu gihugu kandi ukaba ufise n'uburyo bwinshi gusumba iyindi migambwe yose irondera gutwara Uganda. Gukoresha igikenye Igihe cose hageze amatora, inzego z'umutekano ntizihanganira na gato abarwanya Museveni. Uburorero bwa hafi ni Kizza Besigye na sasa Robert Kyagulanyi (Bobi Wine) muri kino gihe bagiye babona amahano. Nk'uko vyandikwa n'umwanditsi azwi cane muri Uganda, Andrew Mwenda, iki gikenye gikoreshwa n'inzego z'umutekano giha Museveni inyungu zibiri. Ubwa mbere, bituma mu mitwe y'abanyagihugu ba Uganda, kubera akahise kabo, babona ko ari we mutegetsi akomeye bakeneye. Ubwa kabiri, amasanamu yose yerekana umuntu uwo ari we wese agomba gukura ku butegetsi Museveni ariko arakubitwa, atotezwa mbere amaramazwa imbere y'abantu, ibi bigatuma abantu babona ko ata bushobozi aragira bwo kubarongora. Ubutegetsi bw'uburere bwa cami bushingiye ku moko Obote yari yashatse gukuraho ubwami bw'uburere muri Uganda kugira ngo yubake igihugu kimwe kigendera ku butegetsi bumwe nk'uko mugenziwe Nyerere wa Tanzania yari yabigize. Ingorane yagize ni uko yakoresheje inguvu zirenze urugero mu gihe yarondera gushika kuri iyo ntego yiwe. Mu myaka ya 1960, akoresheje Idi Amin yari arongoye ingabo ziwe, yaragomoye ingabo zija gutera ikirimba c'umwami w'Abaganda, zikubita abantu zongera ziranyaga amatungo yo ku kirimba, igikorwa abanyagihugu bo muri ubu bwoko batigeze bamubabarira gushika agiye mu kuzimu. Kuko yari azi ivyipfuzo vy'abanyagihugu ba Uganda bishingiye ku moko, Museveni yarorohereje ubwami mu moko ya Uganda arabureka burabandanya mu burere butari buke bwa Uganda, mbere bumwe bumwe bugafashwa na leta ya Uganda. Ibi vyatumye aba bategetsi b'ubwami bw'ubu burere mu moko atandukanye babona ko Museveni ata bibazo abateye, na rirya ata binjirira mu bibazo vyabo. Mu gitabo ciwe Sowing the Mustard Seed, Museveni arasigura ingingo ngenderwako y'ubuzima bwiwe. Yayise Kayekera, ivyo asigura mu congereza ngo "Constant Mobility, Constant Vigility and Constant Mistrust", ni ukuvuga ko igihe cose ari mahindagu, yama arifyuye kandi ko ata muntu n'umwe yizeye. Hari ababona ko iyi ngendo yiwe ari ryo banga nyamukuru ryamutumye amara imyaka myinsi ku butegetsi, ubu biboneka ko igiye kuba 40.