Burundi: Pierre Nkurunziza yahaye iki Abarundi mu vyo yabemereye?
Abagabo indwi bari guhiganira kuyobora u Burundi, muri iki gihe bariko barasigurira Abarundi ivyo bashaka kuzobakorera kugira ngo babatore, Pierre Nkurunziza batoye akabayobora imyaka 15 iheze we ni ibiki yari yarabemereye? Ni ibihe yashitseko ?
Mu nyandiko isanzwe y'ikinyamakuru, ntivyoroshe kuvuga ivyo vyose umutegetsi yizeje abanyagihugu ngo bamutore na vyose yabakoreye igihe arangije ikiringo ciwe. Ariko bikuru bikuru tugiye kurabira hamwe ni ibijanye n'iterambere, imibereho myiza, ibikorwa vy'iterambere hamwe n'uburenganzira bwa muntu (kwishira ukizana, demokarasi...). Pierre Nkurunziza ubu w'imyaka 55, se wiwe yarabaye umushingamateka mu nama nshingamateka y'u Burundi yicwa mu bwicanyi bwo mu 1972, nawe arokoka ubwicanyi bwo mu 1993, ico gihe akaba yari umwigisha kuri kaminuza y'u Burundi, maze aca yinjira mu nyeshamba zitwa FDD zegukira umuhari CNDD. Mu 2003 izi nyeshamba zateye igikumu na Leta ku masezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha yumvikanyeweko mu 2000 zinjizwa muri leta, Pierre Nkurunziza yari umuyobozi wazo agirwa umushikiranganji w'intwaro ibereye. Igenekerezo rya 19 z'ukwezi kwa munani 2005 yatowe ku rugero runini n'abari bagize inama nshingamateka, aca arahira ku wa 26 z'uko kwezi nyene, aba umukuru w'igihugu agira umunani w'u Burundi. "Burundi Buhire" We kugiti ciwe ntaco yari yarijeje Abarundi kuko atigeze azunguruka mu gihugu yiyamamaza, yakomereje kuri "Vision 2025" yemejwe na leta yari arimwo mu 2003. Nyuma y'intambara itewe na politike ishingiye ku moko yari imaze imyaka 10, u Burundi bwari bwugarijwe n'ubukene mu mpande zose z'ubuzima bw'igihugu. Abarundi ibihumbi amajana bari barahunze igihugu cabo, nayo ibice birenga 70% vy'Abarundi bari munsi y'umurongo w'ubukene. Umwimbu mbumbe w'umunyagihugu ku mwaka (GDP per capita) wari amadorari ya Amerika $110 mu 2005, nk'uko raporo ya PNUD ku Burundi ya 2006 ibivuga. Perezida Nkurunziza yashize imbere intumbero Vision 2025 yari ifise intumbero yo kwubaka u "Burundi Buhire", yijeje ko azogabanya ubukene ku rugero rw'ibice bibiri. Ivyo yemeye mu butunzi n'imibereho myiza Leta ya Nkurunziza yemeye kuvana iterambere ry'ubutunzi ku gipimo cari munsi ya 3% ku mwaka mu 2005, kigashika n'imiburiburi ku 7% mu 2020 na 10% mu 2025. Muri izi ntego, leta yiyemeje kuvana umwimbu mbumbe ku mwaka (GDP per capita) w'Umurundi ku madorari $110, ukagera ku $116 mu 2010, $264 mu 2015 na $430 mu 2020. Rusansuma y'abanyagihugu n'imibereho 2008 rivuga ko ingo 4,8% mu Burundi ari zo zari zifise umuyagankuba (amashanyarazi), Leta yiyemeje kwongereza umuyagankuba wagera ico gihe kuri 45MW akagera n'imiburiburi kuri 100MW mu 2015. Ibarura rya 2008 ryerekana ko abanyagihugu 17% mu bisagara na 9% mu misozi bari bafise uburyo bubaha amazi meza mu ngo zabo, ko 70% mu bisagara na 60% mu misozi nabo bashobora kugera ku mazi meza hafi yabo. Leta ivuga ko 16% vy'ingo zifise amazi mu ngo (2018) ariko Abarundi 83% muri rusangi bashobora kugera ku mazi meza hafi yabo. Intego ya leta ya Nkurunziza ya 2025 yari ukuronsa amazi meza Abarundi bose 100% mu 2025. Igipimo c'abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu bazingamye kubera ugufungura nabi mu 2005 cari hejuru ya 60%, igipimo c'abana bapfa batarageza imyaka itanu bari 108 ku bana 1,000 mu 2008. Icizere co kuramba ku murundi mu 2008 cari ku myaka 49. Leta ya Nkurunziza yijeje kugabanya urugero rw'abana bapfa bakagera n'imiburiburi kuri 50 ku 1,000 mu 2010 no kuvana urugero rw'abavyeyi 620 ku 100,000 bapfa bavyara mu 2007 kukagera munsi ya 500 mu 2010. Mu 2005 Abarundi bose bari miliyoni 7,5, leta yiyemeje kubahimiriza kuvyara ku rugero, intego ikaba yari uko boba batarenga imiliyoni 11,9 mu 2025, kandi abavyeyi bavyara bakavurwa ku buntu. Ibi vyagomba kujana no kwongera ibitaro, ibigo vy'amavuriro, amashuri n'amabarabara mu gihugu. Imiliyaridi $1.3 ngo ibi n'ibindi bishikweko Kubera ubutunzi bw'u Burundi bwari bwarazingamitswe n'intambara, vyabaye ngombwa ko leta yikora ku abagiraneza mpuzamakungu. Mu nama n'abagiraneza yo kuwa 25/05/2007 i Bujumbura, leta y'u Burundi yasavye intererano ya miliyaridi $1.32 yo kurangura imigambi y'imyaka ine (2007 - 2010) yo kurwanya ubukene, guteza imbere indero, ibikorwa vy'iterambere n'ubuzima. Mu ngurane leta yasaba yari yaramaze kwemererwa imiliyoni $785, ikeneye izindi miliyoni $534 nk'uko bivugwa n'itororokanirizo ry'amakuru AFP. Abagiraneza ico basavye leta iyobowe na Bwana Nkurunziza ni ukwubahiriza agateka ka zina muntu, kuvugurura ubutungane no gukomeza demokarasi hanyuma nabo bagatanga intererano yabo. Muri iyi nama Perezida Nkurunziza yijeje gukora ivyo abagiraneza basaba no gukoresha neza intererano yabo. AFP ivuga ko Allassane Sow yari ahagarariye i Banki y'isi mu Burundi yavuze ko ivyo biteze kuri leta y'u Burundi ari ibintu bitatu: "umwimbu, umwimbu, umwimbu". Abatanze intererano nini ni Umuryango w'ubumwe bwa Buraya, ibanki y'isi, Ububiligi, Ubufaransa n'Ubuholandi. Ubushinwa bwemeye guhebera u Burundi ideni ry'imiliyoni $28 bwemera no kubwubakira ibitaro, ikigo kivura malaria n'amashuri. Kwongera incuro zibiri ivyashitsweko Mu 2010 haciye imyaka itanu ari ku butegetsi, Bwana Nkurunziza ku ncuro ya mbere yategerezwa kuja kwiyamamaza imbere y'abanyagihugu, akababwira ivyo yaranguye n'ivyo agiye kubakorera kugira ngo bamutore. Ico gihe, umugambwe wiwe CNDD-FDD wari ufise intumbero ivuga ngo "Imigambi myiza imibereho myiza", wasohoye agatabo karimwo "imigambi 40" y'ivyo Nkurunziza yifuza kurangurira abanyagihugu. Mu kwezi kwa kane mu myiyamamazo muri komine Bugendana mu ntara ya Gitega, Bwana Nkurunziza yabwiye abanyagihugu ko ica mbere na mbere muri iyo migambi ashaka kugeza ku Barundi ari "Amahoro n'umutekano bisesuye mu gihugu cose". I Bugendana, yishimiye ko kuva CNDD-FDD ishitse ku butegetsi hari "hamaze guhunguka Abarundi 500,000 bava muri Tanzania" abwira abanyagihugu ko nibamutora "nta barundi bazosubira guhunga". Yabijeje kandi kugwiza na kabiri bimwe mu vyari bimaze kurangurwa n'ubutegetsi bwiwe mu myaka itanu yari iheze. Amatora yo kw'igenekerezo rya 28/06/2010 yayatsinze ku majwi 91,62% ari umukandida yitoje wenyene nyuma y'uko abandi bakandida batandatu bivanye mu matora bakanasaba Abarundi kutayitabira, gusa leta ivuga ko yitabiriwe ku rugero rwa 76%. 2010 yari ageze kuki? Ubushakashatsi ku banyagihugu n'ubuzima (EDSB-II, 2010) buvuga ko 58% vy'abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu mu Burundi bari barazingamye ubutakivayo kubera ugufungura nabi. Leta y'u Burundi yavuga ko uku kuzingama guterwa n'ubukene bw'imfungurwa n'uburimyi budakorwa neza n'abanyagihugu bagera kuri 62% bari munsi y'umurongo w'ubukene mu gihugu. Mu kwezi kw'icenda 2010 mu Buhinde, Bwana Nkurunziza yahwe igashimwe kitwa "Rising Star of Africa" Ishami ry'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rishinzwe iterambere PNUD/UNDP rivuga ko mu 2005 ubukungu bw'u Burundi bwari ku gipimo ca 0,9%, mu 2010, buduga ku gipimo ca 3,9% naho mu 2013 buraduga kugera ku gipimo ca 5,3% na 4,2% mu 2014. Mu 2010, ikigero c'abana bapfa batarageza imyaka itanu cari kigeze kuri 59 ku 1,000, abavyeyi bapfa bavyara bari 620 ku 100,000 mu 2007 ubu bari bageze kuri 499 (EDSB-II, 2010). Icegeranyo c'ikigo kijejwe kurwanya malaria (Programme National Intégré de Lutte contre la Malaria /PNILP) kivuga ko abantu bicwa na malaria bari ku rugero rwa 34% vy'abayirwaye mu 2010. Muri iyo myaka u Burundi bwari mu nzira y'amahoro n'iterambere, icizere co kuramba ku murundi cari kigeze ku myaka 57 mu 2014 kivuye kuri 49 mu 2008. Petero Nkurunziza hagati ya 2006 na 2011 yahawe ubushimwe mpuzamakungu indwi. Kamwe muri bwo ni agashimwe kitwa "Rising Star of Africa" yaherewe mu Buhindi mu kwezi kw'icenda 2010 ashimwa n'abategetsi b'ico gihugu ko ari "intangarugero mu kwubaka amahoro n'iterambere muri Afurika". Imidugararo ya politiki ishingiye ku matora ya 2015 yasubije inyuma iyo nzira u Burundi bwari bugezeko, Abarundi amajana baricwa abandi ibihumbi amajana barahunga, imigenderanire n'abagiraneza yifata nabi, iterambere ry'ubutunzi n'ubuzimwa bwiza biradindira. Incabwenge muri politiki zivuga ko u Burundi butarasubira ku murongo bwariho inyuma y'imidugararo ishingiye ku matora ya 2015 2020, Nkurunziza asize iki? Icegeranyo c'i Banki ya Afrika ijejwe iterambere (BAD/AfDB) ca 2020 kivuga ko ubutunzi bw'u Burundi bwaduze ku gipimo kiri hagati ya 3,2% mu 2016 na 3,7% mu 2019, vyari biteganyijwe ko muri uyu mwaka (2020) buduga ku gipimo ca 3,7. Banki y'isi ivuga ko ibiharuro iheruka y'u Burundi (2013) vyerekana ko Abarundi 64% bari munsi y'umurongo w'ubukene. Iyi banki ivuga ko umwimbu mbumbe w'umunyagihugu mu Burundi ku mwaka ari $271 (2018). BAD/AfDB yo ivuga ko ikibazo c'imfungurwa kigiteje ingorane kuko abana 6 ku 10 bafise ikibazo co kuzingama (2017), ikavuga ko icizere co kubaho c'Umurundi cavuye ku myaka 57 mu 2014 kikagera kuri 52 mu 2018 mbere abanyagihugu 156 ku 1000 bakaba bugarijwe na malaria. Mu 2018 leta y'u Burundi yatangaje imigambi mishasha yise "Plan National de Développement 2018 - 2027". Leta yavuga ko iterambere ry'ubutunzi ryari kuri 4% mu 2018 yifuza ko rizogera ku 8% mu 2020. Ubu, ikigega mpuzamakungu FMI, gitegekanya ko ubukungu bw'u Burundi muri uyu mwaka (2020) buzomanuka ku rugero rwa -5,5%. Ibiharuro vya leta biheruka mu 2018 bivuga ko ingo zo mu bisagara zifise umuyaga nkuba mu Burundi ari 52% naho mu mitumba zikaba ari 2%, ko ubu u Burundi bwimbura 50MW z'umuyagankuba n'aho hari amahirwe yo kwimbura 300MW. Leta ivuga ko ku rwego rw'igihugu 16% vy'ingo zifise amazi mu ngo, ariko Abarundi 83% muri rusangi bashobora kugera ku mazi meza hafi yabo. Mu 2018 ibiharuro vyatanzwe na leta bivuga ko ku mabarabara y'uburebure bwa 7.059 km mu gihugu 1.950 km arimwo kaburimbo. Leta ivuga ko yasubiyemwo ikibuga c'indege mpuzamakungu ca Bujumbura, n'aho itarakigeza ku bipimo vyifuzwa ku rwego mpuzamakungu, ndetse ko ikiriko irarondera kunagura kompanyi ya Air Burundi. Leta ivuga ko impfu z'abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu zari zigeze kuri 78 ku bana 1,000 mu 2017. Mu 2010 bari kuri 59/1,000. Raporo ya leta ya 2018 ivuga ko urugero rw'abavyeyi bapfa bariko baribaruka rwari rugeza kuri 712 ku 100,000 n'aho ivuga ko kuvyarira kwa muganga vyiyongere bikagera kuri 84%. Leta y'u Burundi ivuga Bwana Nkurunziza yatanguje imirimo y'ibikorwa rusangi iba buri wa gatandatu, kwiga ku buntu mu mashuri y'intango , kuvura ku buntu abana bari munsi y'imyaka itanu n'abagore bavyara. Leta ivuga ko ku butegetsi bwa Nkurunziza, u Burundi bwagize uruhara mu bikorwa vyo kugarura amahoro muri Somalia, Centrafrique, Sudani na Côte d'Ivoire. Imiryango mpuzamakungu iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu ivuga ko mu Burundi hari ibikorwa bikomeye vy'uguturubika , ihohoterwa, kuburabuza , ifunga, iterabwoba n'ubwicanyi bikorerwa abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi n'abanyamakuru. Leta y'u Burundi kenshi yagiye ihakana ivyo, ivuga ko muri rusangi mu gihugu hari amahoro n'umutekano n'ubwisanzure kuri bose.