Perseverance: Ikinyabiziga gitangaje cya NASA cyageze kuri Mars gihita gitanga amafoto ya mbere
Ku butaka bw'umubumbe wa Mars ubu hari 'robot' nshya.
"Cyahageze neza": Reba uko byagenze abakigenzura babonye kihageze neza Ikigo cya NASA cyo muri Amerika cyagejeje ikinyabiziga Perseverance ahantu h'imikoki kuri uyu mubumbe iruhande rwa koma (Équateur) yayo bise Jezero. Matt Wallace wungirije ukuriye uyu mushinga yagize ati: "Inkuru nziza ni uko iki kigendajuru ntekereza ko kimeze neza". Abenjeniyeri ba NASA bakigenzuraga bari muri California bahise batera hejuru bishimye ubwo bari babonye ko kigeze hasi neza. Iki kinyabiziga cy'imitende itandatu ubu kigiye kumara imyaka ibiri kigenda kuri uyu mubumbe utukura, gishakayo ibimenyetso ko haba harabaye ubuzima. Jazero bikekwa ko yabayeho ikiyaga kinini cyane mu myaka miliyari ishize. Kandi ahabaye amazi, birashoboka ko haba harabaye n'ubuzima. Ku ifoto ya camera y'iki kinyabiziga ushobora kubona igicucu cy'akaboko kacyo kuko kandi ari n'iki 'robot' Ibimenyetso ko Perseverance yageze kuri Mars yabyohereje mbere gato ya saa sita z'ijoro ryacyeye (ku isaha yo mu Rwanda). Iyo biba mbere, abo bahanga bari kugwana mu nda mu byishimo ariko ubu kubera coronavirus bicara batandukanyijwe n'ibirahure. Gusa ntibyababujije kwerekana ko bishimye. Ibyishimo byakomeje ubwo amashusho ya mbere ya camera ntoya yari atanzwe n'iki kinyabiziga. Yari amafoto ya camera iriho umukungugu ariko yerekana ubutaka bushashe imbere y'iki kinyabiziga. Perezida wa Amerika Joe Bidenyavuze ko ibi byerekanye imbaraga za siyansi. Toni, imwe ya tekinoloji yo hejuru: Ibikoresho birindwi, camera nyinshi, microphones n'ibindi bikoresho by'ubushakashatsi kuri Perseverance Kururuka kuri Mars nta na rimwe byoroha, nubwo NASA imaze kubikora kenshi, buri wese mu bagize itsinda rya Perseverance ntiyari yizeye uko bizagenda mu ijoro ryo ku wa kane. Iki ni ikindi kintu kigenda ku butaka gipima toni imwe NASA ibashije kugeza kuri Mars. Icya mbere ni Curiosity, cyahururutse mu 2012. Abakurikirana Perseverance bagiye kumara iyi minsi ya mbere bayiha akazi, banareba niba nta kibazo cy'imikorere yaba yaragize cyayibangamira mu kazi igiye kumaramo imyaka ibiri. Perseverance igomba gushinga umunara ufite 'camera system' yose yayo. Ubu kandi 'software' yatumye kigenda kikagera kuri Mars igiye gusimbuzwa indi ituma iyi 'robot' ibasha kugenda ku buso bwaho. Hejuru ya byose, Perseverance igomba gufata amafoto menshi mu byumweru biri imbere kugira ngo abahanga babanze bige neza imiterere y'aho iherereye. HEJURU: Perseverance yaguye muri 2km z'ahantu bifuzaga ko igwa hafi ya Jezero. HASI: Imikorere ya Perseverance yabashije kubona neza ahantu heza ho kururukira (mu ibara ry'ubururu) yirinda ahantu habi cyane (mu mutuku) Iki kinyabiziga gifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura kugera ku kantu gatoya cyane bishoboka gishakisha ibimenyetso byose munsi y'ibitare bigaragaza ko haba harabaye ubuzima nk'uko abahanga babicyeka. Ifoto ya kabiri yatanzwe na Perseverance ubwo yari igeze kuri Jezero Kuki cyagiye kuri Jezero? Jezero ifite umurambararo wa 45Km, yitiriwe umujyi wo muri Bosnia-Herzegovina. Mu ndimi zaho ijambo "jezero" risobanuye "ikiyaga" kuko na hariya iri kuri Mars bacyeka ko cyahahoze. Kuri Jazero hari amabuye y'ubwoko bwinshi, arimo ay'ibumba n'aya carbonates, aya akunze cyane kugira 'organic molecules' zishobora gutanga ibimenyetso by'ubuzima. Nubwo Perseverance yazabona ibimenyetso by'ubuzima, birashoboka cyane ko nabyo bizagibwaho impaka - nk'uko n'ibiboneka byaranze ubuzima bwa kera na hano ku isi bigibwaho impaka. Iki kinyabiziga kizakora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kurusha ibindi byahagiye mbere, hari abafite icyizere ko ibimenyetso kizatanga byo kuri uyu mubumbe bishobora kuzatanga umucyo kurushaho ku buzima buhacyekwa.