Winnie Mandela mu mivugo itandatu
Winnie Madikizela-Mandela yari intadohoka mu rugamba rwo kurwanya intwaro karyanisha miryango muri Afrika y'epfo. Yararengeye ubunywanyi mu vyiyumviro vyaharaniwe n'umwirabure wambere yatowe kurongora ico gihugu, uyu Nelson Mandela bahoze bubakanye. Winnie yarazira kuba 'mugabo n'iryo', yanafashije umuhari -wahindutse umugambwe- ANC (African National Congress) kwiyubaka, ubona ko atanawuhemukiye mu buzima bwiwe bwa politike.
Ngizi ingingo nyamukuru twabatoreye muvyamuranze. Ico ubuzima nk'umufungwa bwamuhinduyemwo : "Imyaka napfunzwe yarankomeje... sinkiri umuntu atinya ubusa... Ubu ntaco mbona noba ngitinya. Ntaco intwaro itangiriye, kibi. Nta magorwa ntaciyemwo." Ibi dusanga mu gitabu ciswe ''Lives of Courage: Women for a New South Africa'' (Ubuzima bwo kurinda: Abakenyezi bo muri Afrika y'epfo nshasha), ni bimwe mu bigaragaza ingene umupfasoni Madikizela-Mandela yakubaguwe n'intwaro karyanisha miryango. Yarapfunzwe ibihe bitandukanye kuva mu 1969, akenshi muri ivyo bihe yapfungwa ku kazu ka wenyene. Mu 1976, umwaka hadutse imigumuko mu gisagara ca Soweto, yarabujijwe gusubira guhonyoza ikirenge mu muji, ahungira mu mitumba. Hanageze igihe inzu yiwe iturirwa, irasha iratokombera. Menya ibyaranze ubuzima bwa Winnie Madikizela Mandela yitabye Imana ku myaka 81 Umupfasoni Madikizela-Mandela yari umunye politike uko yavyumva, kuko hanageze aho adahuza n'umushingantahe wiwe yari yatanguye ibiganiro vyari bifise intumbero yo guhagarika ubutware bufatiye ku karenganyo k'intwaro ya karyanisha miryango. Wewe yabona ko ahubwo abirabure bari bagiye kurwa mu mutego. Naho hari ivyabatandukanya, umutama Mandela, yanamugenye nk'umwe mu vyegera mu bushikiranganji muri leta yiwe ya mbere yagenye mu 1994. Yamara, inyuma y'umwaka umwe yaramukuye, yagiye kugarukanwa mu butegetsi aho ashingishirije urubanza muri sentare akanatsinda, yamara naho nyene yamaze mu ntwaro igihe urume rumara. Intererano yiwe mu gufasha abirabure gushikira ubwigenge : "Tuzobandanya turwanya abansi bacu, bikanakenerwa n'umuriro tuzowukoresha mu guhabura iki gihugu." Aya majambo yayashikiririje mu muhango wabereye i Johannesburg, icemeje ko Winnie Madikizela-Mandela yemanze uburyo bwiswe "necklacing" - aho bambika amagurudumu abo bakorana baba bakeka ko uguhemuka, bakabasuka ko ibitoro, hanyuma bakabaturira babona. Iyo ngendo yarababaje isi nzima, inaharabika ishusho umuhari ANC wari wihaye mw'isi. Iyo mvugo, abantu barayigaye mw'isi, hagiyemwo na Musenyeri mukuru Desmond Tutu, yanaronkejwe agashimwe k'amahoro kitiriwe Nobel (uyu bari kumwe hano hejuru). Urukundo rwiwe na Nelson Mandela: "Sinaronse umwanya ukwiye wo gukundana nawe. Mugabo, urukundo rwacu rurengeye iyi myaka yose tutabanye… kumbure iyo ndonka umwanya ukwiye wo gukundana nawe nari kumenya n'utunenge twiwe twinshi, mugabo naronse akanya ko kumukunda gusa igihe cose twamaranye." Nelson na Winnie Mandela ni abanye politike bakundanye, bamenyekanye muri Afrika y'epfo. Mu gutazirwa "Umuvyeyi w'igihugu", Winnie yanagumanye izina ry'umugabo wiwe mu myaka 27 yose, uyu yamaze apfunzwe. Winnie akiri umuyabaga, yakora akazi ko gufasha imiryango ifise ibibazo bitandukanye, aho Mandela amwabiriye. Yamara yaraboneka ko agiye kuba indongozi, nko kuva mu 1958. Mandela yaciriwe gufungwa ubuzima bwiwe bwose mu 1961, yagirizwa kurwanya intwaro ya Apartheid. Yanagumanye izina ry'umugabo wiwe n'inyuma y'uko bahukaniye : "Ndi icamwa c'urunani ruranga igihugu canje. Iyo ntagira abansi si mba ndi ico ndi." Nelson na Winnie bahukanye mu 1996, haheze imyaka ibiri Mandela abaye umukuru w'igihugu wambere w'umwirabure muri Afrika y'epfo. Naho ubugeni bwabo butaramye - kuko Mandela yaciye apfungwa-, uyu mukenyezi Madikizela yagirijwe kuba yararenze ibigo. Mu nyuma hari n'abibajije ko Winnie yoba yagumanye izina rya Mandela kugira ntiyibagiranwe, ubona ko Mandela ryabaye izina ridasanzwe. Nk'umugore: "Abagore batari bake baremera ubukomezi n'imico biva ku bagabo ataguhingitanya, bakanabirwanira. Agashavu bibatera ntibagata ku bagabo, ahubwo baraniyagiriza kukudashobora guhiganwa n'abagabo, baba abana b'abahungu, abakunzi canke abashingantahe babo. Imigenzo yagiye irengera agateka k'abagore, hakaba n'aho iberekana nk'abasomborotsanya, gupfa ubusa kumwe kwa inabukwe n'umukazana. N'uko rero abagabo bagira agaciro kubera 'ubuto' bw'abagore ubwabo." Abakunzi ba Winnie Madikizela-Mandela bamugize indongozi mu guharanira agateka k'abagore. Ni nako kuva mu 1990 yabaye indongozi y'umuhari w'abagore mu mugambwe ANC, kandi ashira imbere anemeza ko abagore b'abirabure barenganijwe n'ibintu bitatu, igitsina cabo, ibara ry'umubiri hamwe n'ico bari muvy'ikibano. Yavyise "a triple yoke of oppression" twosigura nka ''Inyabutatu y'amamuko y'agacinyizo''. Kuri ANC nk'umugambwe uri ku butegetsi : "Ndemera ko hari ikinyoma muri kahise k'igihugu cacu, ndanemera ko twagize uruhara mukwonona uyu mugambwe ANC( African National Congress)." Mu myaka yanyuma y'ubuzima bwiwe kw'isi, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela yarataye icizere kuri ANC - nk'umuhari wahabuje igihugu, ugashikira ubutegetsi mu 1994- kubera ibiturire hamwe n'indyane zawuranze, cane cane mu bawurongoye. Mugabo wewe ntiyahemukiye uwo mugambwe, ndetse yabonetse nk'umwe mu bashigikiye Cyril Ramaphosa igihe uyu aje gusubirira Jaboc Zuma, mu makosa ateye isoni yamuranze mu ntango z'uyu mwaka.