Ubusumbane hagati y'abatunzi n'abakene muri Afrika y'Epfo bugenda bwiyongera
Abanyagihugu ba Afrika y'Epfo bazoja mu matora kw'igenekerezo rya 8 z'uku kwezi kwa gatanu hari ikibazo gikomeye c'igihengeri kinini hagati y'abakene n'abatunzi.
Ico gihugu nico gihugu ca Afrika gifise ubutunzi bushingiye ku mahinguriro gusumba vyose - ariko kandi kiri mu bihugu vya mbere kw'isi birangwamwo ubusumbane burenze urugero. Abatavuga rumwe na leta bavuga ko ibintu vyunyutse kuntwaro y'umugambwe ANC umaze ku butegetsi ica kane c'ikinjana. None ibi nivyo? BBC Reality Check irihweza ibiharuro . Mu gupima ubusumbasumbane Igipimo kimwe gikoreshwa n'abahinga mu vy'ubutunzi mu kwerekana ubusumbasumbane mu gihugu kizwi kw'izina rya Gini. Gishingiye ku mwimbu w'umuntu - igitigiri ari kinini, ubusumbane buba ari bunini. Kuri iki gipimo, igitigiri kigana ubusa kiba kivuga ko atabusumbane buhari, ariko mu gihe kiri kw'100, ubusumbane buba buri hejuru. Si ukuvuga ko cerekana vyose, ariko kirerekana n'imiburiburi aho ubusumbane buhera muri Afrika y'Epfo mu gihe kanaka kandi ugereranije n'ibindi bihugu. Kubw'iki gipimo be n'ibiharuro bitangazwa n'Ibanki Nkuru y'isi yose, Afrika y'Epfo nico gihugu gifise ubusumbane bunini kw'isi. Ibihugu bibanyi vya Namibia na Mozambike ntibiri kure, hamwe n'igihugu ca Brezili naco nyene kiriko kija muri bine vya mbere. Turavye ingene ibiharuro vyagiye bihinduka, tugaca turaba igihe umugambwe ANC ushikiye ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 1994, ubusumbane bwaraduze gushika ku rwego rwo hejuru hagati y'imyaka ya 1990 gushika mu mwaka wa 2005. Kuva ico gihe, nta kintu kini icahindutse. Kuri ivyo, hisunzwe ibiharuro vyerekanwa kuri Gini, abanegura leta ya ANC baba bari mu kuri iyo bavuze ko hari ubusumbane bunini cane muri Afrika y'Epfo. Ariko nta kuri bafise iyo bavuze ngo ibintu bigenda vyunyuka, cane cane nko muri ino myaka icumi ibiharuro bisanzwe bihari. Ubutunzi bwiyongera ku rugero ruto Mu kiringo c'imyaka itari mike kuva ishitse ku butegetsi, leta ya ANC yarateye intambwe mu kurwanya ubukene n'ugushoboza abanyagihugu kuronka ivya nkenerwa. Ivyo vyashobotse kubera imyaka ubutunzi bwagiye bwiyongera ku rugero rubereye - ariko ivyo vyaragabanutse. Ingaruka zavyo ni uko muri rusangi abanyagihugu ba Afrika y'Epfo ubu bakenye. Inyungu kuri buri muntu - n'ukuvuga umwimbu wose mu gihugu uwugaburiye abanyagihugu bose - yaragabanutse kuva mu mwaka wa 2010. Ubushomeri bwabandanije bwiyongera ico gihe cose. Umukuru w'umugambwe Democratic Alliance utavuga rumwe na leta, Mmusi Maimane, avuga ko igihengeri hagati "y'abatunze n'abakene" ciyongereye. Avuga ati: "Nta n'icerekana ko kigiye kugabanuka. Turi igihugu ciciyemwo kabiri ". Ku ruhande rwiwe, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, umushikiranganji muri leta ya Afrika y'Epfo, avuga ati: "Ubusumbane bwagumye ku rugero runini ." Ubukene bwariyongereye? Hakoreshejwe igipimo ca leta ya Afrika y'Epfo mu gupima ubukene - umuryango wose uronka umwimbu uri musi y'amadolari 55 ku kwezi - ibiharuro vyerekana ko hagati y'imyaka ya 2006 na 2011 ibitigiri vy'abari musi y'urwo rugero vyagabanutse, biva kuri 51% bija kuri 36.4%. Ariko kuva 2015 ivyo biharuro vyarongerekanye kandi gushika kuri 40%. Carlene van der Westhuizen, umuhinga mu vy'ubutunzi wo muri Afrika y'Epfo avuga ati: "Muri rusangi, abakene ntaco baronkeye kw'iduga ry'ubutunzi". Icegeranyo casohowe n'ibanki y'isi yose iri kumwe na leta ya Afrika y'Epfo kivuga ko ubusumbasumbane bw'imishahara arico kintu catumye haba ubusumbane muri Afrika y'Epfo hagati y'imyaka ya 2006 na 2015. Ico cegeranyo kivuga kiti: "Kugira uburenganzira bwo kwiga amashure yo hejuru be n'agahembo gakwiriye mu kazi nivyo bintu bishobora gutuma imiryango yisununura muri Afrika y'Epfo". N iyihe mirwi ibangamiwe? Igitigiri kinini c'abirabure ba Afrika y'Epfo bamye bari mu bukene ugegeranije na bagenzi babo bakomoka muri Aziya be n'abazungu. Hanyuma, hagati ya 2011 na 2015, igitigiri c'abakene b'abirabure n'abandi atari abazungu cariyongereye nk'uko ibiharuro vya leta bivyerekana. Abazungu bangana n'ibice 10 kw'ijana vy'abakozi - ariko uwo murwi uhembwa umushahara usumba hafi incuro zitatu uw'abirabure ba Afrika y'Epfo, bangana hafi bitatu vya bine vy'abakozi bose. N'aho imishahara yadugijwe ku mirwi y'ubwoko bwose, abakozi babayabaye nibo batakaje ku butegetsi bw'inyuma y'intwaro ya karyanishamiryango ya apartheid. Ibanku nkuri y'isi yose ivuga ko imishahara ku basanzwe bafise minini yiyongereye hafi incuro zibiri kuy'abasanzwe bafise mitoya. Hanyuma n'ubutunzi bw'abantu bangana igice kimwe kw'ijana batunze kurusha abandi bwariyongereye incuro zibiri mu myama 20 inyuma y'umwaka wa 1994 ku rugero rungana n'urwo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.