Ivyaranze ubuzima bwa Daniel arap Moi yahoze ari Prezida wa Kenya yashengeye ku myaka 95
Daniel Toroitich arap Moi wategetse Kenya igihe kirekire kurusha abandi yashengeye ku myaka 95, Perezida Uhuru Kenyatta yatanze ubutumwa bwihanganisha umuryango we.
Bwana Moi yageze ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 1978 Mu kiganiro n'abanyamakuru, Gideon Moi, umuhungu wa Bwana Moi, yavuze ko se yapfuye saa kumi n'imwe na 20 (ni ukuvuga saa kumi na 20 mu Rwanda no mu Burundi) za mu gitondo kuri uyu wa kabiri. Itangazo ry'ibiro by'umukuru w'igihugu wa Kenya rivuga ko ubu igihugu kiri mu cyunamo kugeza igihe Bwana Moi azashyingurirwa, ibendera ry'igihugu ryururukijwe kugeza mu cyakabiri. Bwana Moi yari amaze igihe arwaye. None yari muntu ki? Mu kiringo kirenga ica kane c'ikinjana, Daniel arap Moi yiganziye politike ya Kenya. Yari umunyepolitike arajwe cane ishinga no kuvugwa neza n'abanyagihugu kurusha uwamubanjirije Jomo Kenyatta, aranashigikirwa cane mu gihugu. Ariko yarananiwe guhindura uburyo bwo gutegeka muri Kenya busa n'ubwigitugu kandi akandamiza ata kinya abatavuga rumwe nawe muri politike. Yahawe akazina k'ubuhizi ka "mwarimu wa politike" ariko iragi ryiwe ryasizwe iceyi n'ukudindira kw'ubutunzi hamwe n'ivyagiriji vya ruswa. Moi yavutse itariki 2 z'ukwa cenda 1924 avukira mu muryango w'abarimyi mu kigwati ca Baringo, herekeza hagati ha Kenya. Yabanje kwitwa Torotich arap ("umuhungu wa") mu nyuma aza guhitamwo izina rya Daniel igihe, aho yiga mu mashure y'intango, yabatizwa n'abihebeye Imana b'Abakristu. Raba video ya bimwe vyaranze intwaro yiwe: "Twari mu bihe bigoye", niko Arap asigura ivyamugoye ku ntwaro yiwe. Kuva ku bwigisha gushika ku bushikiranganji bw'indero Yari umwe mu banyepolitike bake bo muri Kenya batava mu moko abiri makuru, ay'aba Kikuyu n'aba Luo. Yari umu Tugen, wo muri bumwe mu bwoko buto bwo muri Kenya, bw'aba Kalenjin. Yabaye umwigisha kw'ishure rya Government African School mu 1945, arisununura aba umuyobozi w'ishure mu mwaka wakurikiye afise imyaka 22. Nyuma yaje gutera imbere kandi inshuro zibiri, asubira i Kapsabet mu 1954 ari umuyobozi w'ishure, aho yagumye gushika mu 1957. Daniel arap Moi yari ashigikiye abarwanyi b'aba Mau Mau Nta ruhara yagize mu rugamba rw'aba Mau Mau ariko yari ashigikiye uguharanira ukwikukira kwabo bikura ku bukoroni bw'Ubwongereza, igihe imigumuko yari ikomeye, yaranyegeje abarwanyi b'aba Mau Mau batanu mw'itongo ryiwe bahamara indwi nyinshi. Mu kwa gatatu 1957 Moi yabaye umwirabura wa mbere yatorewe kuja mu rwego nshingamateka, Legislative Council. Mu ntango z'umwaka w'1960 yari umwe mu ntumwa z'Abanyafrika bagiye mu nama ya Lancaster House i London, ahandikiwe ibwirizwa rishasha rya Kenya ryahaye abirabura ubwinshi mu rwego nshingamateka. Mu 1961 yabaye umushikiranganji w'indero kandi, mu runani rw'inama y'abashikiranganji, rugizwe na Kanu (Kenya African Nationalist Union) na Kadu (Kenya African Democratic Union - umugambwe wa Moi), yagenywe kuba umushigikiranji w'intwaro yo hagati. Umutekano w'igihugu Mu gihe ciwe yaragiye mu manama atandukanye yo gutegura ukwikukira wa Kenya hamwe no kuraba yuko leta nshasha izoba irangwa no gusabikanya ubutegetsi, igaha buri ntara ibisa n'ubwigenge kugira inkehwa zikingirwe. Igihe Kenya yaronka intahe yo kwikukira mu kwa cumi na kabiri 1963 Kenyatta agaca aba umushikiranganji wa mbere, Moi yagenywe kuba uwujejwe uburimvyi mu mugambwe utavuga rumwe na leta. Daniel arap Moi, yambaye umwambaro kama, mu nama i London yo kwihweza kazoza ka Kenya mu 1963 Amahirwe ya Kadu yarazimanganye uwo mugambwe uca urasambuka kandi benshi mu barongozi bawo, harimwo na Moi, baca baja mu mugamwe uri ku butegetsi Kanu. Mu mpera z'umwaka wakurikiye, igihe Kenyatta yaba umukuru w'igihugu, Moi yarahijwe nk'umushikiranganji w'intwaro yo hagati. Iki cari ikibanza gikomeye kuko camugize umukuru w'igipolisi c'igihugu ca Kenya aca azezwa amabanga yo kubungabunga umutekano w'igihugu. Mu gihe yagumanye ikibanza ciwe, mu kwa mbere 1967 yagenywe kuba icegera c'umukuru w'igihugu hamwe n'icegera c'umukuru w'umugwi w'abashingamateka mu mugambwe Kanu. Mu gihe yari umushikiranganji w'intwaro yo hagati, benshi mu babikurikiraniye hafi bemera ko Kenya yari ifise impfungwa za politike nkeyi cane kandi gukandamizwa mu gihugu vyavugwa gake cane ugereranije n'ibindi bihugu vyo muri Afrika mu kiringo cakurikiye ubwigenge. Igisirkare co mu kirere kirasamburwa Igihe Kenyatta yapfa mu kwa munani 1978, Moi ubwo nyene yaciye aba umukuru w'igihugu mfatakibanza kandi kuva ico gihe yaciye yerekana ko azogumiza igihugu ku murongo ushigikira ibihugu vya Buraya. Mu kwezi kwa cumi uwo mwaka yaratowe ku bwinshi bwuzuye ngo abe umukuru w'umugambwe umwe rudende wa Kenya aca aba umukuru w'igihugu agira kabiri. Daniel arap Moi yabaye umukuru w'igihugu agira kabiri wa Kenya mu 1978 Nyuma y'amatora mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe kwakurikiye, yaciye ahindura leta. Ukwo guhindura leta nikwo guhambaye kwari kubaye kuva mu 1963 kandi kuba ukugerageza gutsimbataza ubutegetsi yari yagabanye. Ubushikirangani bushasha, nk'ubw'amasoko ntanganguvu hamwe n'ibidukikije, bwaratangujwe, hamwe n'ubundi bushikiranganji bwagabuwe nk'ubw'uburimyi. Mu kwezi kwa munani 1982 harabaye ukugerageza kutembagaza ubutegetsi ariko vyaburijemwo n'imigwi ya gisirikare yo ku rwego rwo hasi. Mu mpera z'ukwo kwezi nyene umukuru w'igihugu yasambuye igisirikare co mu kirere, mu gihe bamwe mu bari bakigize bagize uruhara muri ukwo kugerageza gutembagaza ubutegetsi. Izindi mpfungwa za politike Ivyo vyabaye vyahaye akaryo Moi ko gutsimbataza ubutegetsi bwiwe mu kwirukana abo bose bagambaniye leta aca anazana ubutegetsi bw'umugambwe umwe mu guhindura ibwirizwa nshingiro. Imigwi yiyamirije izo ngingo ziwe yarakandamijwe. Mu gihe intambara iteruye y'abari ku ruhande rw'Amerika n'abari kuruhande rw'Uburusiya yariko irarangira, ikibanza ca Kenya nka ngirakamara mu kurwanya abari ku ruhande rw'Uburusiya bo muri Etiyopiya na Tanzaniya, nta kamaro kanini cari kigifise. Icizere cazanwa no gushigikirwa kw'ubutegetsi bwiwe catanguye gusimbuzwa n'ukwiyongera kw'ugukandamiza abantu kwagirwa na leta yiwe, kukagirirwa abo batavuga rumwe mu vya politike. Moi aturira amatoni 12 y'amasenga y'inzovu mu 1989 mu kwumvisha isi ngo ihagarike urudandazwa rw'ayo masenga. Igitigiri c'impfungwa za politike cariyongereye kandi leta ya Moi yarafashe ivyemezo vyo gukumira ubwigenge bw'itangazamakuru. Mu myaka y'1990, ibihumbi amajana vy'abantu - cane cane mu ntara ya Rift Valley - barateshejwe izabo nayo abashika amajana vyaravuzwe ko biciwe mu ndyane z'amoko, benshi bakaba bari abo mu migwi itavuga rumwe na leta. Imfashanyo, mu ntango yatangwa ku bwinshi, yarafatiriwe kugira bahimirize gutera imbere kw'ubutunzi, ikibano ciza hamwe n'amahinduka muri politike. Akamaramaza k'igiturire Ku bw'ibi, kugarukana intwaro y'imigambwe myinshi cari ikintu cihutirwa. Moi yarashoboye kubishikako kandi, mu kwifashisha indyane zisanzwe mu moko y'abanye Kenya, yatsinze amatora mu 1992 n'1997. Ariko ubutegetsi bwa Moi bwaranzwe ahanini n'ukudindira kw'ubutunzi kandi leta yiwe yari yaramunzwe n'igiturire ku buryo ikigega mpuzamakungu, FMI, hamwe na Banki y'isi vyahagaritse guha ingurane Kenya. Akamaramaza ka mbere gakomeye kagiye ahabona mu 1992. Vyamenyekanye kw'izina rya Goldenberg, bikaba ari igihe hibwa amafaranga ya leta ashika ku miriyoni 400 z'amafaranga y'Ubwongereza yatanzwe nk'imfashanyo ya leta ku kigo citwa Goldenberg International, mu gikorwa co gushora mu makungu inzahabu na diyama, bitabaho, vya Kenya. Vyatwaye imyaka 14 kugira hatangwe ibirego, mu barezwe hakaba harimwo umuyobozi w'ico kigo, uwahoze ari umunyamabanga ntayegayezwa mu kigega ca leta hamwe n'uwahoze ari icegera ca Banki ya Republika. Itohoza ryemewe na leta ryavuze ko Prezida Moi ategerezwa kuba yaramenye ivyariko biraba ariko yamye ahakana kubigiramwo uruhara kandi ntiyigeze yagirizwa. Daniel arap Moi (i bubamfu) ari kumwe na Nelson Mandela (hagati) na Muammar Gaddafi (i buryo) mu nama y'abarongozi ba Afrika Mu matora yo mu 2002, amatora Moi atari yemerewe n'ibwirizwa shingiro kwitozamwo, yaravugirijwe urwamo kenshi kandi umuduga wiwe uterwa ivyondo. Umugambwe wiwe Kanu waratsinzwe bimwe bikomeye. Mu muhango wo kubisikana ku butegetsi ahereza Mwai Kibaki, abaje kurorera barifatiye mu gahanga Moi imbona nkubone. Mu 2007 Prezida Kibaki yaramugenye ngo abe intumwa ya Kenya muri Sudani kubera "uburambe bwiwe hamwe no kumenya neza ibijanye na Afrika hamwe n'igihagararo ciwe nk'uwahoze ari umukuru w'igihugu." Moi yamaze imyaka isigaye y'ubuzima bwiwe mu zabukuru, ategera abagize inzego za politike.