'Ibihugu by'Afurika birinubira uko Libya yahindutse igikinisho cy'ibindi bihugu'
Mu gihe bimwe mu bihugu bikomeye ku isi bikomeje kwivanga mu bibera muri Libya, umuryango w'ubumwe bw'Afurika (AU) wisanze wahejwe muri gahunda zigamije kurangiza amakimbirane amaze hafi imyaka 10 muri iki gihugu gikize ku bikomoka kuri peteroli.
Ifoto yo mu 2017 igaragaza inyeshyamba zo mu mutwe wa Libyan National Army wa Jenerali Khalifa Haftar, n'igifaru mu mujyi wa Benghazi Ikimenyetso cya vuba aha kigaragaza uko Afurika ikomeje gutakaza ijambo mu bijyanye n'ikibazo cya Libya, cyagaragariye mu bikorwa by'amahanga byabereye mu mijyi wa Instanbul, Moscow na Berlin. Ni ibikorwa bigamije kurangiza icyo kibazo cyavutse kuva aho habereye impinduramatwara, ishyigikiwe n'umuryango w'ubwirinzi w'ibihugu by'i Burayi n'Amerika (OTAN/NATO), bikavanaho ubutegetsi bwa Muammar Gaddafi mu 2011. Jalel Harchaoui, umusesenguzi kuri Libya ukora mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku mibanire y'ibihugu cyo mu Buholandi, yagize ati: "Ibihugu by'Afurika birinuba, kandi reka byinube, ko Libya yahindutse igikinisho cy'ibihugu bimwe bikomeye". Yongeyeho ati: "Ikibazo cya Libya kiri kureberwa mu ndorebwamo y'i Burayi, mu kigobe cya Perse ndetse kiri kurushaho kureberwa no mu ndorerwamo y'Uburusiya na Turukiya, hirengagijwe ikintu cy'ukuri cy'ingenzi cyuko Libya ari igihugu cy'Afurika". 'Abateye b'i Burayi n'Amerika' Agaragaza kutishimira uko umugabane w'Afurika wahejwe, Perezida Yoweri Museveni yabwiye BBC ko uhagarariye AU mu kibazo cya Libya, Perezida Denis Sassou Nguesso wa Congo-Brazzaville, yatumiwe "ku munota wa nyuma" mu nama yo ku itariki ya 20 y'ukwezi kwa mbere yabereye i Berlin ku butumire bw'umukuru w'Ubudage Angela Merkel. Bwana Museveni avuga ko uko gutumira Bwana Nguesso "byari gusa kwiyerurutsa berekana ko n'Afurika ibirimo". Bombi - Bwana Museveni na Col Gaddafi - baharaniye ubumwe bw'Afurika (ifoto yo ku itariki 27/7/2010 mu nama ya 15 ya AU yabereye i Kampala muri Uganda) Perezida Museveni yongeyeho ati: "Ntitwagakwiye kuba twaremereye ibihugu by'i Burayi n'Amerika gutera Libya [mu 2011]. Twashoboraga kuba twarabyinjiyemo, niyo byari kuba mu rwego rwa gisirikare". "Afurika yashoboraga kubyinjiramo igaha isomo bariya bantu". "Niba Afurika ishaka kwirukana abayitera, dushobora kubirukana. Twatsinze Abanyaportugali, [n'] Aba-Boers". Abo ba Boers bakaba ari abo mu bwoko bwa 'Afrikaners' bari ku butegetsi muri Afurika y'Epfo kugera mu mwaka wa 1994. Ariko abasesenguzi bavuga ko nubwo Afurika yahejwe n'ibihugu by'i Burayi n'Amerika, nayo ubwayo atari shyashya. Bwana Nguesso akuriye akanama ka AU kiga kuri Libya, kamaze gukora inama zitandukanye zigamije gukemura ikibazo cyo muri Libya - iya vuba aha ikaba yarabaye nyuma y'iyo yabereye i Berlin - ariko kugeza ubu nta byinshi kari bwagereho. Gaddafi yari umuntu wubashywe cyane muri AU, akaba yarateraga uwo muryango inkunga nyinshi y'amafaranga. Yaharaniye ko ibihugu by'Afurika byagira ubumwe, ndetse yamamara cyane kubera kwibasira ba "gashakabuhake". Imyivumbagatanyo yaje kuvamo ihirikwa n'iyicwa rye yavuzweho cyane muri Afurika, kandi muri Libya habaye ibintu bishingiye ku kuronda ubwoko cyane ku Banyafurika b'abirabura bo muri Libya bashinjwaga kuba "abacanshuro" bageragezaga kugumisha Gaddafi ku butegetsi. Tarek Megersi, umusesenguzi ukomoka muri Libya ukora mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku bubanyi n'amahanga cy'akanama k'Uburayi gifite icyicaro mu Bwongereza, yavuze ko ayo magambo ya Bwana Museveni agaragaza ko bamwe mu bategetsi bo muri Afurika bagiheranwe n'urupfu rwa Gaddafi. Yagize ati: "Mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara yo mu 2011, AU yagaragaye nk'ishyigikiye Gaddafi ndetse mu Banya-Libya hari abatarayishimiye. "Abantu babonaga ko ari nkaho yari [AU] yaraguzwe na Gaddafi. Rero amagambo ya Bwana Museveni asuzuguza uruhare Afurika ishobora kugira nk'umuhuza udafite uruhande abogamiyeho". Nyamara ariko hari hacyenewe ko Afurika igira uruhare rwisumbuyeho mu kurangiza ikibazo cya Libya kuko ubukungu bw'umugabane w'Afurika bwashegeshwe n'ihirikwa ku butegetsi rya Gaddafi, ndetse n'umutekano mucye muri Libya wagize uruhare mu kuzonga ubukungu bw'icyo gihugu. Bwana Megersi yagize ati: "Hari igihe hari miliyoni z'amadolari zibarirwa mu magana zinjiraga muri Afurika nk'ishoramari ry'ubutegetsi bwa Gaddafi. Nyuma zirakama". "Hari n'amafaranga yoherezwaga n'abimukira bagiye gukora muri Libya bavuye mu bihugu nka Nigeria kuko imishahara [muri Libya] n'ibijyanye no kuvunjisha byari byiza. Ibyo nabyo byarahagaze". Bwana Megersi yavuze ko mu buryo buteye impungenge, bimwe mu bihugu by'Afurika ubu byahindutse aho impande zirwana muri Libya zisigaye zikura abo zijyana kurwanisha. Urugero rwa vuba aha ni amakuru yuko abagabo bo muri Sudani bashutswe ko bagiye guhabwa akazi k'uburinzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu (UAE), kandi mu by'ukuri bajyanwe muri Libya kurinda amariba y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli yafashwe n'abarwanyi b'inyeshyamba za Jenerali Khalifa Haftar. Izo nyeshyamba zo mu mutwe wa Libyan National Army (LNA) ziri kurwana zishaka gufata umurwa mukuru Tripoli, ahakorera leta ya Libya yemewe n'umuryango w'abibumbye. Abigaragambya muri Sudani bavuga ko abo mu miryango yabo bajyanwe muri Libya bashutswe Libya ni cyo gihugu cya mbere gifite amariba menshi y'ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri Afurika ndetse gifite n'umwuka kamere ukoreshwa nk'igitanga ingufu - ibintu bituma hari ibihugu by'amahanga bishishikazwa n'ibibera muri icyo gihugu ahanini cy'ubutayu kiri ku nkengero y'inyanja ya Méditerranée. Amakimbirane muri Libya yagize ingaruka zikomeye ku masururo w'ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Kuba Jenerali Haftar yaragose amariba byatumye ayo mariba afungwa n'ibyambu nabyo birafungwa, umusaruro w'utugunguru hafi miliyoni 1.2 ku munsi uragabanuka ugera ku tugunguru 262,000, nkuko bitangazwa n'ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters. Ni bande bivanze mu kibazo cya Libya? Ibihugu bya UAE n'Ubufaransa ni byo by'ingenzi bishyigikiye Jenerali Haftar, muri gahunda ye yo gushaka gufata ubutegetsi bufitwe na leta ikorera i Tripoli izwi nka Government of National Accord (GNA), igizwe n'imitwe ya politiki itandukanye. Bwana Harchaoui yabwiye BBC ati: "Bahuje [UAE, Misiri n'Ubufaransa] ingengabitekerezo na Haftar. Bashyize imbere ubutegetsi bw'igitugu cyo ku rwego rwo hejuru". "Nk'urugero, Ubufaransa ntabwo bwemera ko Libya yiteguye uburyo bwa demokarasi y'ukuri kandi yigenga. Kandi cyo kimwe na UAE, ntabwo bukunda politike ishingiye kuri isilamu, iyo ikaba ari imwe mu nkingi za GNA". Misiri, yibona cyane nk'igihugu cyo mu Barabu kurusha uko yibona nka kimwe mu bigize Afurika, nayo yagiye ku ruhande rwa Jenerali Haftar. Ibi ntabwo bitangaje kuko Perezida Abdul Fattah al-Sisi yageze ku butegetsi mu 2013 nyuma yo guhirika Mohammed Morsi wo mu mutwe wa Muslim Brotherhood, wari Perezida wa mbere wa Misiri utowe mu buryo bwa demokarasi. Bwana Harchaoui ati: "Misiri ishyigikiye Haftar mu bya politiki, ariko nta mafaranga imushoraho. Abandi barabikora. Arabie Saoudite imaze kumuha miliyoni z'ama-euro zibaribwa muri za mirongo kuva mu kwezi kwa gatatu kwa 2019 [ubwo yagabaga igitero cyo gushaka gufata Tripoli]". Umutekano mucye muri Libya wageze no mu majyepfo yayo Ikibazo cy'umutekano mucye muri Libya ahanini cyashinjwe kuba umuyoboro ucamo intwaro n'abarwanyi bo mu mitwe igendera ku mahame akaze y'idini ya kisilamu ikorera mu karere k'ubutayu bwa Sahara, mu bihugu nka Mali, Niger na Burkina Faso. Bwana Harchaoui yongeyeho ko Ubufaransa bwari bwaragerageje gutuma ibihugu bwahoze bukoloniza bishyigikira Jenerali Haftar, ariko bukamaganwa na Perezida Idriss Déby wa Tchad, igihugu gifite igisirikare gikomeye kandi kikaba ari ingenzi mu kurwanya imitwe y'intagondwa ifitanye isano n'umutwe wiyita leta ya kisilamu (IS) na al-Qaeda mu burengerazuba bw'Afurika no mu karere ka Sahel, akarere igice cyako cyumagaye kari hafi n'ubutayu bwa Sahara. Abasirikare ba Tchad bazwiho kuba ari indwanyi zikomeye Bwana Harchaoui yagize ati: "Mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho, Déby na Haftar bagakwiye kuba ari inshuti. Ariko si ko bimeze". Impamvu ni uko Jenerali Haftar, wari mu ngabo za Gaddafi icyo gihe, yayoboye igitero cyagabwe muri Tchad mu mpera y'imyaka ya 1980. Icyo gihe yafashwe mpiri, nuko ahindura uruhande yari ariho afatanya na Hissène Habré wari Perezida wa Tchad, kandi wari inshuti ya Bwana Déby, hamwe n'Amerika, mu gikorwa kitagize icyo kigeraho cyo gushaka guhirika Gaddafi. Bwana Harchaoui ati: "Haftar nta na rimwe yasohoje ubutumwa, kandi Déby ntiyigeze na rimwe amukunda. Ariko nanone, icyo Déby yakunda, mu 2020, ni uko yagarura umutekano mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Libya". "Ariko ako karere ntabwo kari mu byihutirwa cyane kuri Haftar kuko, nubwo karimo ibikomoka kuri peteroli, nta mafaranga gatanga, nta shema, nta butegetsi. Ashishikajwe na Tripoli". Hamwe na Mali, Niger na Burkina Faso, igihugu cya Tchad cyemeza ko ari ingenzi kugira igisirikare gikomeye mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Libya mu kurinda ko ako karere kagari kadafite umutekano kakoreshwa mu kugaba ibitero ku butaka bwabyo. Ati: "Mu gihe cyo muri za 2018, utwo turere twakoreshwaga n'intagondwa nk'ahantu ho kuruhukira, kongera kwisuganyiriza, kugurira intwaro, hanyuma zikongera gusubira guteza ibyago mu majyaruguru ya Mali". "Ariko ubu imitwe ikorera muri Sahel irihagije mu mikorere. Urubyiruko rwaho rudafite akazi ruyijyamo. Ku gice kimwe, ni ukubera amakosa ahanini ya za leta zifite intege nke kandi zamunzwe na ruswa zo muri ako karere, ntabwo ari ukubera Libya". Amasomo Afurika yaha Libya Bwana Mergesi avuga ko uruhare rw'Afurika muri Libya rwaciwe intege nuko bimwe mu bihugu bikomeye by'Afurika - birimo nk'Afurika y'Epfo - byagaragaye nk'ibigifitanye isano n'ibisigisigi by'ubutegetsi bwa Gaddafi. Ati: "Mu Banya-Libya hakomeje kubaho kudashira amakenga ukuntu uzwi nk'umubitsi wa Gaddafi yari azi aho imitungo ya Libya irimo na zahabu yari iri. Yahungiye muri Afurika y'Epfo, uwo mutungo wa zahabu awuvunjamo amafaranga yubaka igisirikare asubira ku butegetsi muri Libya". Yongeyeho ati: "Ibihugu by'Afurika kandi byigaruriye imitungo ya Libya, nk'amahoteli, aho kuyisubiza urwego rw'ishoramari rwa Libya". Avuga ko ibyo byahindanyije isura y'ibihugu byinshi by'Afurika muri Libya, nubwo byashoboraga gufasha bigira uruhare rw'ingenzi mu kurangiza amakirmbirane amaze igihe ari muri icyo gihugu. Bwana Mergesi ati: "Afurika ntabwo iri gukoresha imbaraga zayo muri Libya. Ibihugu nk'Afurika y'Epfo na Sierra Leone byavuye mu makimbirane, bigera ku bwiyunge. Bishobora gutanga amasomo y'ingenzi ku Banya-Libya bafite ibyo bahuriyeho byinshi n'Afurika kurusha Uburayi".