EAC imaze imyaka 19, urayibona cyangwa ntayo ubona?
Mu kwezi kwa karindwi 2000 nibwo amasezerano asubizaho umuryango w'ibihugu by'Afurika y'iburasirazuba yatangiye gushyirwa mu ngiro, imyaka 19 irashize abategetsi b'ibyo bihugu biyemeje: guhuza imipaka, guhuza isoko rusange, guhuza ifaranga no guhuza politiki. Ibi bigeze he?
Abakuru b'ibihugu n'izindi ntumwa mu nama ya EAC U Rwanda n'u Burundi byinjiye muri uyu muryango uzwi cyane nka EAC biniyemeza gukurikiza ayo masezerano kuva mu 2007. Abaturage bari biteze cyane ubwisanzure mu kujya guhaha (ibintu cyangwa ubumenyi), gucuruza, gutura cyangwa kujya gukora aho bashaka muri iri soko ryagutse ubu rifite abaturage miliyoni zirenga 172. Gusa kuri bamwe biracyari inzozi. Nyuma yo kwiyemeza ziriya ntego enye nkuru z'uku kwishyira hamwe kw'ibihugu, nyuma y'imyaka 19 imwe niyo isa n'iyagezweho. Guhuza imipaka. Abacuruzi bafite ubushobozi bw'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bishimira ko ibicuruzwa byabo bitagitinzwa mu mayira cyangwa ku mipaka kuko ibihugu bigize EAC kuva mu 2005 byatangiye gushyira mu ngiro ingingo ya 75 y'amasezerano ashyiraho uyu muryango yemerera urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa nta nkomyi. Bene abo bacuruzi bishimira ko ibicuruzwa byabo bitagihagarikwa kuko za bariyeri imbere mu bihugu no gutinzwa ku mipaka bitangishwa imisoro n'amahoro ubu byavanyweho n'ibihugu bigize EAC. Ibicuruzwa yego, abantu hoya Ibihugu bigize uyu muryango byiyemeje gushyiraho isoko rimwe hagamijwe kwihutisha iterambere ry'abantu, byiyemeza kwemrera abantu kwisanzura mu ngendo muri ibi bihugu, kuhashaka akazi, kuhatura, kuhacururiza, kuhashyira ibikorwa… Nyamara, ibihugu bimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bigize uyu muryango amategeko abigenga ku binjira n'abasohoka aracyari asanzwe no ku baturage ba EAC, abavuye ahandi baracyagorwa no gukorera mu kindi gihugu. Umudepite muri Kenya aherutse kuvuga ko mu gace ahagarariye badashaka abacuruzi bava muri Tanzania na Uganda ko babatwara isoko, nubwo yamaganwe n'abanyapolitiki ariko ibyo yavugaga hari abemeza ko ari ukuri kuriho. Gukorera no gutura muri Kenya bisaba uruhushya, rushobora gufata amezi arenga atatu rutaraboneka, umuturage uvuye mu kindi gihugu cya EAC mu rwandiko rwe rw'inzira iyo ageze muri Kenya ahabwa igihe cy'amezi macye yo kuba ahari. Ibi si muri Kenya gusa, biri no mu bindi bihugu binyuranye bigize uyu muryango. Gukorera muri Sudani y'Epfo hari abakibibona nk'ibidashoboka kuko abategetsi baho bagisaba abavuye no muri EAC ibyangombwa nk'iby'abavuye mu yandi mahanga ya Afurika. Kuba ibicuruzwa bigenda byisanzuye, abantu ntibagende, ntibakore, ntibature kandi ntibahahire bisanzuye mu bihugu binyamuryango bituma abaturage bamwe batarabona akamaro n'inyungu z'uyu muryango w'ibihugu muri iyi myaka 19 umaze. Ibindi ni inzozi Izindi ntego nkuru ebyiri z'ubu bumwe bw'ibihugu by'aka karere ni ugushyiraho ifaranga rimwe no guhuza imitegekere mu bya politiki. Mu 2013, ibihugu bigize uyu muryango byatangiye imirimo y'ibanze mu kuvanaho amafaranga rya buri gihugu hakajyaho ifaranga rimwe ry'ubu bumwe, icyo gihe bihaye imyaka 10. Ubu hasigaye ine. Ikigo 'East African Monetary Institute' (EAMI) cyagombaga gushyirwaho mu 2015 ngo cyige inyigo iganisha ku ifaranga rimwe, ntikirabaho, cyaheze mu mpapuro z'amasezerano. Izindi nzego eshatu zo kunoza uyu mugambi zari kuba ziriho mu 2018, ntabwo zirajyaho. Dr Pantaleo Joseph Kessy ushinzwe iby'ifaranga n'imari muri EAC aheruka gutangaza ikinyamakuru The East African ko umwaka utaha ibihugu bigize ubumwe bizongera bikicara bikaganira kuri iyi ngingo. Dr Kessy yemeje ko igihe cyari cyarihawe cyo gushyiraho ifaranga rimwe kizafata ikindi gihe kinini. EAC ivuga ko intego nyamukuru y'ubu bumwe ari uguhuza umurongo wa politiki n'ubutegetsi ibi bihugu bikaba nk'igihugu kimwe, ubuyobozi bwa EAC buvuga ko kuva mu 2004 ibi biri kugenda bikorwa, ko ndetse habanje kubaho Inteko nshingamategeko ihuriweho, n'urukiko. Mu 2017 inama y'abakuru b'ibi bihugu yarahinduye, ivuga ko hatagikenewe ikitwa 'political federation' nk'uko byatangiye byitwa ahubwo ubu bumwe bugomba kuganishwa kuri 'politica cofederation'. Icyakora imitegekere n'imibanire y'ibihugu bigize ubumwe hagati yabyo yerekana ko ibi bikiri ingorabahizi. Abategetsi b'ibihugu bitatu muri bitandatu bigize ubu bumwe mu bihe bishize banenzwe guhindura amategeko shingiro y'ibihugu byabo kugira ngo bagume ku butegetsi. Bo bavuga ko ari rubanda yabibasabye. Rwanda - Uganda, Rwanda - Burundi, ibi bihugu bimaze nibura imyaka itatu bidacana uwaka, amasezerano yavuzwe hejuru ubu hagati yabyo ntakora, ubwo bumwe ibihugu byabo birimo nta nyungu yabwo abaturage babona, kubera imibanire mibi muri politiki. Tanzania na Kenya bikunda kugirana amahari ashingiye ku bucuruzi, bigahungabanya cyane abaturage bashaka kungukira mu bumwe, ariya masezerano hato na hato ntajye mu ngiro. Gusa ibi bihugu ababitegeka bagaragaza umuhate wa politiki mu guhosha aya makimbirane mu biganiro. Imyaka 19 EAC imaze yongeye gusubizwaho hari ababona intambwe yatewe, hari n'ababibona ukundi.