Australia yashyizeho itegeko ryo gutuma Google na Facebook biriha amakuru
Bwa mbere ku isi, Australia yatoye itegeko ryo gutuma kompanyi za Google na Facebook ziriha amakuru azitangazwaho.
Facebook yisubiyeho ku cyemezo cyayo cyo kubuza amakuru kugaragara ku rubuga rwayo muri Australia Iri tegeko ry'amakuru ryamaganywe bikomeye n'izo kompanyi zikomeye z'ikoranabuhanga zo muri Amerika. Mu cyumweru gishize, Facebook yaburijemo amakuru yose yo ku rubuga rwayo ku bari muri Australia kubera ayo makimbirane, ariko yisubiraho muri iki cyumweru nyuma yo kugirana ibiganiro na leta. Kubera ibyo biganiro, iri tegeko ryashyizweho ririmo ingingo nshya zituma Facebook na Google zitibasirwa naryo. Ariko, izi kompanyi zombi ubu ziyemeje kuriha ku ruhande amafaranga menshi ku bitangazamakuru bimwe bikomeye byo muri Australia. Aya masezerano y'ubwishyu yabonywe ahanini nk'ibyemewe n'izi kompanyi z'ikoranabuhanga nk'uburyo bwo gucyemura ikibazo. Iri tegeko rya Australia ririmo kubonwa nk'ikintu gishobora gukurikizwa no mu bindi bihugu mu kurihisha izo kompanyi z'ikoranabuhanga ku makuru anyura ku mbuga zazo. Iri tegeko rivuguruye ryemejwe kuri uyu wa kane n'inteko ishingamategeko ya Australia umutwe w'abadepite, nyuma yuko ryari ryabanje kunyura muri sena y'iki gihugu. Facebook na Google zavuze ko "ahanini" iryo tegeko ridasobanukiwe uburyo internet ikora. Iri tegeko rikora iki? Rishishikariza izo kompanyi z'ikoranabuhanga n'ibigo by'itangazamakuru kumvikana ku masezerano y'amafaranga hagati yabyo. Mu gihe ibyo biganiro byaba binaniranye, imbuga z'ikoranabuhanga zishobora kujyanwa mu nzego zigenga zikemura ibibazo. Leta ya Australia ivuga ko ibi bitanga uburyo "burimo gushyira mu gaciro kurushaho" bw'ibiganiro hagati y'impande zombi, kuko biha ibigo by'itangazamakuru akantu k'isumbwe. Akanama ka Australia ko kugenzura ihangana mu bucuruzi no kurengera umuguzi (ACCC) kavuga ko hari hashize igihe ibitangazamakuru bifite ububasha bucye mu biganiro, kugeza aho ubu bihindutse, kuko bicyenera cyane za kompanyi z'ikoranabuhanga nka Google na Facebook. Minisitiri w'intebe wa Australia Scott Morrison yavuze ko leta ye idatewe ubwoba n'inkeke yashyizweho n'ibi bigo bikomeye by'ikoranabuhanga Amakimbirane ayo ari yo yose yavuka hagati y'impande zombi ajyanye n'agaciro k'amakuru yacyemurwa n'urwego rwigenga - ikintu abasesenguzi bavuga ko ari ibigo by'itangazamakuru bicyungukiramo. Iri tegeko rinategeka izi mbuga z'ikoranabuhanga kumenyesha mbere y'igihe ibigo by'itangazamakuru mu gihe hari impinduka mu mikorere izo mbuga zishaka gukora. Ariko, iri tegeko rivuguruye ubu risaba leta kwiga ku musanzu usanzweho w'izi mbuga mu guteza imbere itangazamakuru - nk'amasezerano y'ubucuruzi n'ibitangazamakuru - mbere yuko itangira gutuma zigengwa n'iri tegeko. Ibi bivuze ko Facebook na Google zishobora kubererekera ubu buryo bwo gukemura amakimbirane uko bwakabaye bwose. Leta kandi igomba guha buri rubuga rw'ikoranabuhanga igihe cy'integuza cy'ukwezi kumwe mu gihe irimo kwiga ku gutuma urubuga rutangira gukurikiza iryo tegeko. Google na Facebook zivuga iki? Izi kompanyi z'ikoranabuhanga zivuga ko zisanzwe zifasha ibigo by'itangazamakuru mu kubyoherereza abakurikira amakuru yabyo zibakuye kuri izo mbuga. Facebook na Google zivuga ko nta kindi zikora kitari ugufasha abantu kubona amakuru mbere na mbere. Izi kompanyi zombi z'ikoranabuhanga zakoze uko zishoboye ngo zitume leta ya Australia ivugurura iri tegeko, ari nako zikomeza kontaro z'imikorere zifitanye n'ibigo by'itangazamakuru byo muri icyo gihugu. Google yari yakangishije gukura muri Australia uburyo bwayo bw'ishakisha, ariko mu gihe cya vuba gishize yemeye amasezerano n'ibigo byaho by'itangazamakuru birimo nka Nine Entertainment na Seven West Media. Ni amasezerano yose hamwe afite agaciro kagereranywa ko kagera kuri miliyoni 47 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Google kandi yanashyize umukono ku masezerano ataratangajwe agaciro hamwe n'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru News Corporation cy'umuherwe Rupert Murdoch. Mu itangazo yasohoye ku wa kabiri, Facebook yasezeranyije kwisubiraho ku cyemezo cyo kubuza ko amakuru agaragara ku rubuga rwayo muri Australia, nubwo amakuru y'ibitangazamakuru byo muri Australia n'ubu atagaragara kuri Facebook muri icyo gihugu. Kugeza ubu imaze gushyira umukono ku masezerano n'ikigo cy'itangazamakuru kimwe - cya Seven West Media - ndetse iri mu biganiro n'ibindi bigo by'itangazamakuru byo muri Australia. Google na Facebook ziyemeje gutanga agera kuri miliyari imwe y'amadolari mu rwego rw'itangazamakuru ku isi mu gihe cy'imyaka itatu iri imbere. Ni iki kigiye kuba ubu? Gufungira amakuru Australia kwakozwe na Facebook mu cyumweru gishize byatumye inengwa bikomeye, haba muri Australia no mu mahanga. Iyi kompanyi yemeye ko yarengereye no mu gukura ku rubuga rwayo amapaji arenga 100 adafite aho ahuriye no gutangaza amakuru, amapaji arimo nk'ay'ingenzi y'ibigo by'ubuvuzi n'ubutabazi bwihuse. Ariko, icyo gikorwa cy'ingufu cyayo cyabonywe nka gasopo ihaye abadepite bo mu bindi bihugu - nko muri Canada, Ubwongereza no mu bihugu by'umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi (EU/UE) - bagaragaje ko bashyigikiye iryo tegeko ryo muri Australia. Muri iki gihe amakuru menshi asigaye yarimukiye ku mbuga za internet, kompanyi z'ikoranabuhanga zagejejweho ubusabe mu bice bitandukanye byo ku isi bwuko zajya ziriha kurushaho inkuru zitangazwa ku mbuga z'izo kompanyi. Ndetse izi kompanyi zanarushijeho kugenzurwa ku bubasha zifite, harimo nko kuzisaba gukora ibirenzeho mu kurwanya amakuru ayobya n'ihohoterwa rikorerwa ku mbuga zazo.