Imirwano muri Tigray : Sobanukirwa impamvu hari ubwoba bw'intambara muri Ethiopia
Leta ya Ethiopia yashimangiye ko ikomeza ibitero bya gisirikare mu karere ka Tigray kari mu majyaruguru nubwo bwose amahanga akomeje gusaba kubihagarika.
Amatora yabaye mu karere ka Tigray mu kwezi kwa cyenda ari mu byatangije ubushyamirane na leta ya Addis Ababa Amakimbirane hagati y'ishyaka rya Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) - ryigeze kuba riri mu mpuzamashyaha yari ku butegetsi - na guverinoma ya Abiy Ahmed, amaze igihe atutumba, ndetse yarakabije ubwo mu kwa cyenda muri Tigray bakoze amatora nk'igikorwa cyo kwanga leta ya Addis Ababa. Minisitiri w'intebe Abiy yategetse ko hagabwa ibitero bya gisirikare ku karere ka Tigray, nyuma y'uko avuze ko igitero ku kigo cy'ingabo za leta "cyakomerekeje benshi kikanangiza byinshi". Yavuze ko icyo gitero gifitwemo uruhare n'iryo shyaka Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). Amakimbirane yatewe n'iki? Amatora yo mu kwa cyenda muri Tigray, mu gihe leta yari yarayabujije kubera coronavirus, abonwa cyane nk'impamvu ya vuba y'aya makimbirane. Ariko mu by'ukuri ni amakimbirane amaze igihe atutumba. TPLF, yahoze ari ishyaka ryiganje mu butegetsi mu myaka myinshi cyane, yagiye ishyamirana na guverinoma ya Abiy Ahmed kuva nyuma gato y'uko ageze ku butegetsi mu 2018. Amaze gutorwa nk'umutegetsi "w'impinduka", Abiy yashinje abahoze muri guverinoma ruswa no guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu, anavana abakomeye muri TPLF muri guverinoma y'igihugu. Abo barimo uwahoze akuriye ubutasi kandi ukomeye muri TPLF, Getachew Asefa, wacitse ubwo yari agiye gufungwa agahungira mu karere ka Tigray, aho n'ubu ari mu bwihisho. Icyemezo cy'umwaka ushize cya Bwana Abiy cyo gushyira hamwe amashyaka, ashingiye cyane cyane ku moko, agahurira mu kitwa Prosperity Party (PP) byongereye amakimbirane. TPLF yanze kujya muri iryo huriro ivuga ko rizacamo ibice igihugu. Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, ubushyamirane bwarakabije ubwo guverinoma ya Addis yangaga ko amatora mu gihugu aba kubera coronavirus. Akarere ka Tigray ko karabyanze mu kwa cyenda gakora amatora, yafashwe nk'igikorwa cyo kugumuka kuri leta ya Addis Ababa. Inteko ishinga amategeko y'igihugu yavuze ko "anyuranyije n'amategeko". Kuva icyo gihe, leta y'igihugu na leta y'akarere ka Tigray buri imwe yita indi ko "itemewe n'amategeko". Ifarashi mu gace ka Mekelle isize amabara y'ibendera rya Tigray, ibendera bazamura nta mususu muri aka karere nk'iriranga 'igihugu cyabo' TPLF mu gihe cyashize yagiye yerekana ko ishaka ubwigenge, ikomoza ku ngingo yo mu itegekonshinga yemerera uturere "ubwigenge, harimo no kuva ku gihugu". Mu kwezi kwa munani Debretsion Gebremichael uyobora aka karere yagize ati: "Ntutuzihanganira uwariwe wese ushaka kutwima uburenganzira twatsindiye bwo kwigenga". Mu ntangiriro z'ukwezi kwa cumi, leta ya Addis yanzuye guhagarika imikoranire n'akarere ka Tigray, inteko ishingamategeko nayo itora ko ingengo y'imari yahabwaga Tigray ihagarikwa. Kuki TPLF ikomeye cyane muri ibi? Kuva umutegetsi witwa Mengistu Haile Mariam yahirikwa mu 1991 kugeza mu 2018, TPLF niryo shyaka ryari rifite imbaraga mu mpuzamashyaka yari ku butegetsi, ari naryo by'umwihariko ritegeka Tigray. TPLF yagize uruhare runini mu guhirika Mengistu maze ihinduka ishyaka rigenzura politiki n'ubukungu bya Ethiopia. Mu 1991 TPLF yagize uruhare runini mu guhirika Mengistu Haile Mariam (iburyo), hano ni mu 1985 ari kumwe na perezida wa Cuba Fidel Castro Ubu kutumvikana kwa TPLF na Bwana Abiy ni icyuho gikomeye cyane mu butegetsi bwa Ethiopia. Benshi mu bategetsi ba Tigray, barimo na Bwana Debretsion Gebremichael, babaye muri guverinoma y'igihugu igihe kinini. Bwana Debretsion, wahoze mu barwanyi cyera, yigeze kuba visi minisitiri w'intebe. Inshuti ze bakorana bya hafi, nazo zahoze mu myanya ikomeye kugeza Bwana Abiy ageze ku butegetsi. TPLF irashaka iki? Abategetsi ba Tigray babona impinduka za Bwana Abiy nk'izigamije guhuza imitegekere y'igihugu, hakavaho uburyo bwa za leta zihuriye hamwe zifite ubwigenge bugereranyije. TPLF kandi yita "ikintu kidafite ishingiro" ubucuti bwa Bwana Abiy na Perezida Isaias Afwerki wa Eritrea. Bwana Abiy yahawe igihembo cy'amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel mu 2019 kubera umuhate we mu kunga Eritrea na Ethiopia byari bimaze imyaka irenga 1/2 cy'ikinyejana bidacana uwaka. Ariko TPLF yumva inyungu za Tigray zarirengagijwe kandi yifuza kugira ijambo rinini ku mubano w'ahazaza n'uyu muturanyi wa Ethiopia. Ku ruhande rwe, Bwana Abiy we abona abategetsi ba TPLF bakerensa ububasha bwe. Eritrea yaba iri mu makimbirane ya Tigray? Hari ubushyamirane bumaze imyaka myinshi hagati ya TPLF na guverinoma ya Eritrea, ihana urubibi rurerure n'akarere ka Tigray. Intambara ya 1998 - 2000 ya Ethiopia na Eritrea yatangiye kubera impaka kuri uyu mupaka, cyane cyane ahegereye umujyi wa Badme. N'ubu ibya Badme ntibirasobanuka, ariko Eritrea yifuza ko Ethiopia ikurikiza ibyavuzwe na komisiyo y'imipaka ya UN maze igatanga uwo mujyi. Ariko ibi ntibishoboka hatari ubushake bwa guverinoma ya Tigray, kuko ariyo itegeka ako gace. Habaye ibyishimo bikomeye ubwo Abiy Ahmed (ibumoso) yumvikanaga na Perezida Isaias Afwerki wa Eritrea mu 2018 Ku gitero cyagabwe ku kigo cy'ingabo za leta muri Tigray, ibiro bya minisitiri w'intebe Abiy byashinje ishyaka TPLF kwambika abarwanyi bayo imyenda isa n'iy'ingabo zo muri Eritrea, kugira ngo "bakururire guverinoma ya Eritrea mu buryo butari bwo mu bushotoranyi ku baturage ba Tigray". Mu gihe ibi birego bitigeze bigenzurwa mu buryo bwigenga, bizatuma Eritrea igira icyo ivuga muri aya makimbirane muri Tigray, ndetse niba nayo izaza muri iki kibazo cy'imbere mu gihugu gituranyi. Intambara yeruye irashoboka? Abategetsi b'akarere ka Tigray bavuze ko biteguye kurwana ngo barengere aka karere, ndetse basabye abagatuye kubyumva no kwitegura. Bwana Debretsion ugategeka yagize ati: "Twateguye ingabo zacu, imitwe y'abarwanyi n'ingabo zidasanzwe. Imyiteguro yacu ni iyo kwirinda intambara, ariko niba ibaye twiteguye kuyitsinda". Mu gusobanura impamvu y'ibitero by'ingabo za leta, ibiro bya Bwana Abiy byashinje TPLF "gukomeza ubushotoranyi bugamije imirwano" ndetse ko "umurongo wa nyuma utukura bawurenze". Hari impungenge ko aya magambo y'intambara mu karere ka Tigray, niba adakemuwe mu mahoro, ashobora kuvamo ikintu gikomeye cyatera ubushyamirane no mu gihugu hose.