Kuki ibihumbi by'Abisiraheli baba ku butaka bwa Palestine? Ibibazo bituma wumva aya makimbirane
Imidugudu y'Abisiraheli iri ku butaka bwa Palestine nko muri West Bank na Yeruzalemu y'iburasirazuba yakomeje kuba intandaro y'amakimbirane hagati y'Abisiraheli n'Abanyepalestine.
Minisitiri w'intebe wa Israel yarahiye ko batazongera gusenya iyi midugudu bubaka ku butaka bwa Palestine Ku muryango mpuzamahanga, binyuranyije n'amategeko kuba Israel ituza abaturage bayo ku butaka butari ubwayo ahubwo yanyaze mu ntambara y'iminsi itandatu mu 1967. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zahoze nazo ziri kuri uru ruhande ndetse zemezaga ko iriya midugudu (settlements) "itemewe n'amategeko" ariko ku wa mbere tariki 18 y'uku kwezi 2019 yarahinduye. Mike Pompeo, umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Amerika, yavuze ko guverinoma ya Amerika itazakomeza gufata imidugudu y'Abisiraheli muri West Bank nk'itemewe n'amategeko kuko ngo bitigeze bitanga amahoro. Ubutegetsi bwa Palestine buvuga ko ko icyemezo cya Amerika gishyira mu kaga amahoro n'umutekano ku isi kuko gisimbuza amategeko mpuzamahanga "amategeko yo mu ishyamba". Benjamin Netanyahu, Minisitiri w'intebe wa Israel, yashimye icyemezo cya Amerika anasaba andi mahanga kubigenza atyo. Umunyamakuru wa BBC mu burasirazuba bwo hagati avuga ko iki cyemezo kitazasubiza inyuma urugendo rugana ku mahoro ahubwo bizanongera Israel umurego mu kubaka indi midugudu ku butaka bwa Palestine. Ibi ni ibibazo bituma wumva aya makimbirane. Iyi midugudu ya Israel ni bwoko ki? Ni imidugudu ituwe n'imiryango y'Abisiraheli yubatswe na leta ya Israel ku butaka yafashe mu ntambara yo muri aka gace k'uburasirazuba bwo hagati mu 1967. Iyo midugudu iri mu duce twa West Bank, Yeruzalemu y'iburasirazuba, no mu misozi miremire ya Golan yahoze ari igice cya Syria. Bamwe muri bajya kuba muri iyo midugudu bahajya kuko bemera ko ari ku butaka Imana yahaye Abisiraheli, abandi bakajyayo kuko inzu zo muri iyi midugudu leta yubatse zihendutse. Ibihumbi amagana by'Abanya-Israel baba mu midugudu iri ku butaka bwa Palestine Iyo midugudu iri hehe? Peace Now, ikigo gishinzwe iyi midugudu, kivuga ko ubu hariho imidugudu 132 n'indi mito mito 113, Abisiraheli barenga 413,000 bayituyemo, imibare izamuka buri mwaka. Israel yashyize imwe muri iyi midugudu mu gace ka Gaza ka Palestine, ndetse babanje no kuyishyira mu ntara ya Sinai bambuye Misiri mu ntambara ya 1967 ariko baza kuyisenya. Imidugudu iri muri Yeruzalemu y'iburasirarazuba ya Palestine, iri kandi mu misozi miremire ya Golan igice bambuye Syria mbere ya 1967. Kuki yubakwa mu duce turi mu makimbirane? Iyi midugudu yakomeje guteza ibibazo hagati ya Israel na Palestine ndetse n'ibihugu bituranye, iba imwe mu ntandaro yo kutagera ku mahoro arambye. Iyi midugudu ni ikibazo ku Banyepalestine kuko iri ku butaka bwabo ariko kandi inabangamira ubwisanzure bwabo kubera za bariyeri nyinshi ku mihanda iri hafi yayo zituma batidegembya. Israel ishyira imbaraga zikomeye za gisirikare mu kurinda iyo midugudu n'abayibamo n'inkengero zayo ngo bitibasirwa n'abarwanyi b'Abanyepalestine. Ikibazo kirushijeho ni uko iyi midugudu idashobora gutuma Palestine ikora igihugu gihuriye ku butaka bumwe nk'uko ibyifuza. Iki kibazo cyatumye ibiganiro by'amahoro hagati y'ibi bihugu bihagarara, ndetse no mu biganiro by'amahoro bya Oslo muri Norvège mu 1993 iki kibazo bavuze ko baba baretse kukiganiraho kugeza babanje kumvikana ku mahoro. Perezida Donald Trump ashyigikiye Israel muri iyi gahunda yayo y'imidugudu bubaka ku bundi butaka Kuki Amerika ku bwa Donald Trump ihindutse? Ku bibazo bya Israel na Palestine Amerika yarahindutse cyane, cyane kuva mu kwa mbere 2017 kuko Perezida Trump yagaragaje gushyigikira iyi midugudu kurusha uwo yasimbuye Barack Obama. Kugeza ubwo Bwana Trump yari atarajya ku butegetsi iyi midugudu Amerika yavugaga ko "itemewe n'amategeko". Umwanzuro w'inama ishinzwe umutekano ku isi ya ONU wo mu 2016 wavuze ko iyi midugudu "itemewe n'amategeko kandi inyuranyije n'amasezerano mpuzamahanga". Gusa, kimwe n'indi myanzuro ya mbere ya ONU kuri Israel, uyu mwanzuro nawo ntushyira itegeko kuri Israel. Ku wa mbere, Mike Pompeo yatangaje ko ubutegetsi bwa Trump buri gusubiramo umurongo w'ubutegetsi bwamubanjirije kuri iki kibazo. Ubu butegetsi kandi bwahinduye uruhande rusanzweho rwa Amerika bwemera uburenganzira bwa Israel bwo kuba iri muri Yeruzalemu y'iburasirazuba no mu misozi ya Golan, ibintu byarakaje cyane Palestine. Bwana Netanyahu we yageze kure yemeza ko yifuza ko iyi midugudu aho iri hose hagiye gutangazwa nk'ubutaka bwemewe bw'igihugu cya Israel. Umugambi Abanyepalestine bavuga ko uzahagarika burundu inzira y'amahoro ibi bihugu birimo. Ntibazigera bumvikana kuri iyi midugudu rero? Ni ko bigaragara. Mu myaka myinshi Israel yari yatangaje ko "izihangana igakora ibiyibabaje" igasenya imwe muri iyi midugudu. Mu 2005 yashenye imwe muri iyi midugudu muri Sinai na Gaza ihagarika ibikorwa byo kubaka indi muri West Bank. Mu 2005 bashenye imwe muri iyi midugudu muri Gaza Gusa mu myaka ya vuba, Israel yongeye kwisubiraho yubaka indi midugudu kandi ishimangira ko itazongera ukundi gusenya iyo yubatse ahubwo iteganya kwemeza ubutaka yubatseho ko ari mu gihugu cya Israel. None iyi midugudu iremewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga? Igice kinini cy'umuryango mpuzamahanga nka ONU n'urukiko mpuzamahanga byemeza ko iyi midugudu itemewe n'amategeko. Ibi bishingirwa ku masezerano mpuzamahanga ya Genève yo mu 1949 abuza igihugu cyafashe ubutaka bw'ikindi mu ntambara kohereza abaturage bacyo kubuturaho. Israel na ONU inshuro nyinshi byagiye bishyamirana kubera ikibazo cy'iyi midugudu Gusa Israel ivuga ko ayo masezerano ya Genève adakora nko kuri West Bank kuko iri kuri ubwo butaka mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko kubera intambara yo kwitabara kandi ko itahambuye ubutegetsi bwemewe. Ivuga ko yubatse iyi midugudu ishingiye ku masezerano yo mu 1922 y'ikitwaga League of Nations (ONU y'ubu) yagenaga leta ya Palestine.