Afghanistan: umugore yarakubiswe kubera yubahutse kuvuga izina ryiwe kwa muganga
Wari uzi ko hari ibihugu bimwe umugore kwubahuka kuvuga izina ryiwe ari icaha gikomeye?
Sahar Samet afise igipapuro canditseko ngo "Where is my name?" (izina ryanje riri he?) mu gusaga ko agateka k'abagore kubahirizwa Kimwe muri ivyo bihugu ni Afghanistani. Umugore - dushimye kumwita Rabia - wo mu burengero bw'ico gihugu, yumvise amenetse umutwe cane, niho yaca afata ingingo yo kuja kwa muganga. Umuganga amupimye, niho yasanga yanduye coronavirus. Rabia yaratashe yumva amenetse umutwe kandi ababaye cane, hanyuma ahereza umugabo wiwe urupapuro rwo kwa muganga ruriko imiti yamwandikiye kugira ngo ayimugurire. Uyo mugabo, hinge abone izina ry'umugore wiwe ku rupapuro, aterwa n'uburakari amujako aregagura, ku caha icahe?? Kwubahuka kubwira izina ryiwe "uwundi mugabo". Perezida wa Afghanistan ntakozwa ibyo kurekura imfungwa z'Abatalibani Trump yarabwiwe ivyo kwica abasirikare ba Amerika bifashijwe n'Uburusiya Ihohotera rishingiye gu gitsina mu buyobozi bwa Afghanistan Muri ico gihugu ca Afghanistani, imiryango itegeka abagore kunyegeza amazina yabo abandi bantu , harimwo mbere n'abaganga. Hagati aho, hari abariko bararwanya uwo mugenzo. Isekeza bise WhereIsMyName? (Izina ryanje riri he) Vyose bitangura iyo umwana w'umwigeme avutse. Ubwa mbere na mbere bifata igihe kugira ngo bamuhe izina. Iyo umukobwa arongowe, izina ryiwe ntiryandikwa kw'ikete ry'ubutumire. Iyo arwaye, izina ryiwe kenshi ntirishirwa ku rupapuro muganga amwandikira. Muri Afghanistani umugore kwubahuka kuvuga izina ryiwe bishobora gufatwa nk'icaha gikomeye Iyo naho apfuye, izina ryiwe ntiryandikwa ku rupapuro rwemeza ko yapfuye, canke ku ruhafu rwiwe. Iki rero nico catumye abagore bo muri Afghanistani batanguza isekeza barondera uburenganzira bwo gukoresha amazina yabo ata ngorane, mu civugo bise WhereIsMyName? (Izina ryanje riri he?), icivuga gikoreshwa cane ku vyandiko bigenda bimanikwa irya n'ino hamwe no ku mbuga hwaniro. Eka n'abagore benshi ubwabo bumva ko badashobora kuvuga amazina yabo mu ntumbero yo guhesha icubahiro basaza babo, ba se babo canke abakunzi babo babareheje. Niko bivugwa n'uwundi mwigeme, Herat yavuganye na BBC, nawe nyene atashatse kuvuga izina ryiwe, mbere ko n'ijwi ryiwe ritoca kw'iradiyo. Asigura ati: "Iyo umuntu ambajije izina ryanje, ntegerezwa kubanza kwiyumvira icubahiro ntegerezwa guha musazanje, dawe hamwe n'umukunzi wanje, aho rero sinshobora kumubwira izina ryanje". "Kubera iki noteza urubwa umuryango wanje? Inyungu irimwo yo kuvuga izina ryanje ni iyahe?" "Nshaka ko abantu banyita umukobwa wa papa, mushiki wa musanzanje. Hanyuma rero muri kazoza bakamenyita umutambukanyi w'umugabo wanje, hanyuma nyina w'umwana w'umuhungu wanje". Aya makuru ateye agahinda, ariko ni ibintu birwiriye muri ico gihugu. Gukoresha izina ry'umugore canke ry'umukobwa ni ibintu bitabonwa neza kandi bishobora gufatwa nk'igitutsi mu bice vyinshi vya Afghanistani. Abagabo canke abahungu benshi ntibubahuka kuvuga mu bantu amazina ya bashiki babo, abagore babo canke ba nyina babo kuko bifatwa nk'ibiterasoni n'ukubateza urubwa. Mu kuvuga abagore, babavuga nk'umukobwa wa naka (se wiwe), nyina canke mushiki w'umuhungu mukuru mu muryango. Itegeko ryo muri Afghanistani ritegeka ko kw'ikete ry'amavuka handikwako se w'umwana gusa. Ariko rero hari igihe "umugabo, ari we se w'abana, ataba ahari" Ibi rero, uretse gusa ingorane bitera mu buzima bwa minsi yose, birafise ingaruka mbi ku rukundo rwategerezwa kuba hagati y'abubakanye. Farida Sadaat yarongowe akiri umwana muto, akaba yagiye kuvyara umwana wa mbere afise imyaka 15. Umugabo wiwe yaramutaye nawe aca ahungira mu Budagi afise abana bane. Farida Sadaat (i buryo) ari kumwe n'umuhungu wiwe (i bubamfu) yahungiye mu Budagi akavuga ko umugabo ata burenganzira afise bw'uko izina ryiwe ryandikwa kuri karangamuntu y'abana biwe Avuga ko umugabo wiwe yamutanye abana. Kubw'iwe rero, umugabo nta burenganzira afise bw'uko izina ryiwe ryandikwa ku co avuga ati "amakarata karangamuntu y'abana banje". Ati: "Bose nabareze ndi umwe. Umugabo wanje yaranse ko twahukana mu mategeko kugira ngo nshobore kurongorwa n'uwundi". "Ubu rero, ndanse ko izina ryiwe ryandikwa ku makarata karangamuntu y'abana banje". "Hari abagabo benshi muri Afghanistani bafise abagore benshi, nk'uko bimeze ku wari umugabo wanje, abo rero usanga batitaho abana babo". "Nsaba leta ya Afghanistani guhindura iri tegeko kugira ngo amazina ya ba nyina b'abana yandikwe mu makarata karangamuntu". Aha rero isekeza riba riratanguye Umugore w'imyaka 28 mu myaka itatu iheze niwe yavuga ati: "Ibi bintu ntibishobora kubandanya uku". Igihe Laleh Osmany nawe nyene ava i Herat, yumva ko yaduhiwe, niho yaca atanguza isekeza yise WhereIsMyName? (Izina ryanje riri he?) kugira ngo afashe abagore gusubirana ico yita "iteka shingiro" ryabo. Osmany yabwiye BBC ko we na bangenziwe bashaka kubaza abagore, cane cane b'abanya Afghanistani, igituma bemera kwakwa akaranga kabo. Avuga ko iri sekeza riri mu kugera kw'ihangiro ryo gusaba leta ya Afghanistani ko yokwemera kwandika izina rya nyina w'umwana kw'ikete ry'amavuka, co kimwe n'irya se wiwe. Muri iryo sekeza barashigikirwa n'abaririmvyi bamwe bamwe bashigikiye iryo sekeza, aho nk'umwe muri bo, Farhad Darya asigura ko kwitwa nyina wa muntu, mushiki, umukobwa canke umugore wa naka ari ibanga, ariko atari akaranga k'umugore. Ati: "Iyo dusigura umugore dufatiye ku mabanga yiwe, tuba tumwatse akaranga shingiro kiwe". "Iyo abagabo batse abagore akaranga shingiro kabo, ubwo nyene n'abagore ubwabo baca batangura kukiyaka". Ngo 'N'izuba n'ukwezi ntibirigera bimubona!' Umuhinga mu nyifato, Ali Kaveh, avuga ko "igituma nyamukuru abagore bakwa uburenganzira bwabo ari uko igihugu gifata ko umugabo ko ari we vyose, ivyo bikabategeka kwitwikira umubiri wose kandi bakanyegeza n'amazina yabo". Abandanya avuga ati: "Muri Afghanistani, umugore mwiza ni urya atarigera abonwa kandi batarigera bumva ijwi ryiwe. Nk'uko umugani wabo uvuga ngo: 'N'izuba n'ukwezi ntibirigera bimubona". Abatalibani bashinze amategeko ahohotera abagore gushika ubutegetsi bwabo busenyurwe n'igitero cari kirongowe na Amerika mu 2001 "Abagabo bakubagura bakanakubita abagore babo nibo bagabo b'iteka bubahwa mu gihugu. Iyo hari abagore baboneka ko bafise ubwigenge, bafatwa n'abasambanyi n'ibitabanga". Kuva intwaro y'abatalibani isenyuwe, haciye hafi myaka 20, leya n'amakungu bagumye bagerageza guha akarya abagore ko kugira uruhara mu buzima bw'igihugu. Hagati aho, abagore nka Rabia baracabandanya bakubagurwa n'abagabo babo kubera bubahutse bakavuga amazina yabo kwa muganga. Abaharanira ko ibintu bihinduka muri ico gihugu babona ko icoshobora guhindura ibintu ari uko leta ya Afghanistani ubwayo ihaguruka igafata ingingo yisunze amategeko mu kurwanya ihohotera ry'abakenyezi. Ikibazo caramaze gushikanwa mu nama nshingamateka, ariko ingorane ni ukumenya ingene abanyapolitike babifata.