Myanmar: Igisirikare cyahiritse ubutegetsi nyuma yo gufunga Aung San Suu Kyi
Igisirikare cya Myanmar cyafashe ubutegetsi nyuma y'uko mu gitondo kare kuwa mbere bafashe bakanafunga Aung San Suu Kyi utegeka iki gihugu hamwe n'abandi bantu bari hafi ye.
Aung San Suu Kyi niwe mutegetsi mukuru wa Myanmar Televiziyo ya gisirikare yatangaje ibihe bidasanzwe bigomba kumara umwaka umwe mu gihugu, hamwe no guhererekanya ubutegetsi. Iyi coup d'état ibaye nyuma y'ubushyamirane hagati y'ubutegetsi bwa gisiviri n'abategeka ingabo nyuma y'amatora atavugwaho rumwe. Myanmar, igihugu kizwi kandi nka Burma, cyategetswe n'ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare kugeza mu 2011 ubwo habagaho impinduka za demokarasi. Uyu munsi kuwa mbere, igisirikare cyavuze ko kigiye guha ubutegetsi umugaba mukuru w'ingabo Min Aung Hlaing, kubera "uburiganya mu matora". Abasirikare bari ku mihanda ari benshi mu murwa mukuru, Nay Pyi Taw, n'umujyi munini wa Yangon. Mu matora yo mu kwezi kwa 11, ishyaka rya Aung San Suu Kyi ryatsinze amatora ribona imyanya ihagije yo kuba yayobora guverinoma. Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zamaganye uku guhirika ubutegetsi zivuga ko binyuranyije na demokarasi. Antony Blinken ushinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga bwa Amerika yasabye abo basirikare bafashe ubutegetsi kurekura abategetsi bafunze. Umukuru w'ingabo Min Aung Hlaing niwe wafashe ubutegetsi Marise Payne ushinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga wa Australia yavuze ko basaba abasirikare "kubaha ubutegetsi bugendera ku mategeko", no "kurekura nta yandi mananiza abategetsi ba gisiviri bafunze binyuranyije n'amategeko". Byifashe bite muri icyo gihugu? Internet n'itumanaho rya telephone ku mirongo myinshi byavanyweho mu mijyi mikuru, mu gihe televiziyo ya leta MRTV yavuze ko ifite ibibazo bya tekiniki ubu ikaba yafunze. Itumanaho ryose riganisha ku mujyi n'imbere mu murwa mukuru wa Nay Pyi Taw ryavanyweho, ubu biragoye kumenya ibiri kuhabera. Mu mujyi munini muri iki gihugu wa Yangon, imirongo ya telephone na internet biboneka ko byaciwe intege aho benshi mu batanga izo serivisi bari kuzikuraho. Televiziyo ya BBC World News kimwe n'ibindi bitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga byavanyweho, ndetse n'ibindi byinshi byo mu gihugu. Hari amakuru ko abantu bo mu mujyi wa Yangon bari kwihutira kuri za ATM gufata amafaranga yabo mu gihe byitezwe ko haba ihungabana ry'ifaranga mu minsi iri imbere. ATM zimwe na zimwe ntabwo ziri gukora kandi abaturage ntibazi neza niba banki ziri bufungurwe. Byagenze bite mu matora? Ishyaka NLD rya Aung San Suu Kyi ryatsinze n'amajwi 83% mu matora yo mu kwa 11 yabonetse nka referandum yo gushyiraho ubutegetsi bwa gisiviri. Yari amatora ya kabiri gusa kuva mu 2011 ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare buvuyeho. Gusa abasirikare bakomeje kwamagana ibyavuye mu matora, banaregera urukiko rw'ikirenga barega Aung San Suu Kyi na komisiyo y'amatora. Ubwoba ko hashobora kuba guhirika ubutegetsi bwariyongereye mu minsi ishize kuko abasirikare bavuze ko bagiye "kugira icyo bakora" kuri ubwo bujura. Komisiyo y'amatora yanenze ibyavuzwe n'abasirikare. Aung San Suu Kyi ni inde? Ni umukobwa wa General Aung San intwari yaharaniye ubwigenge bw'icyo gihugu. Uwo yishwe ubwo uyu mukobwa we yari afite imyaka ibiri gusa, mbere gato y'uko Myanmar ibona ubwigenge ku bakoloni b'Abongereza mu 1948. Aung San Suu Kyi hari ubwo yari ikirango cy'uburenganzira bwa muntu - impirimbanyi yaretse ubwisanzure bwe agahangana n'abajenerali bategetse iki gihugu imyaka myinshi. Mu 1991, yahawe igihembo cy'amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel, mu gihe yari afungiwe mu rugo, ashimwa nk'urugero rudasanzwe "rw'imbaraga z'abadafite imbaraga". Uwaranzwe n'amahoro yageze ate mu rubanza rwa jenoside? Madamu Suu Kyi yamaze imyaka 15 afunze hagati ya 1989 na 2010. Mu kwezi kwa 11/2015 yayoboye ishyaka National League for Democracy (NLD) ryatsinze amatora ku bwiganze, yari abaye bwa mbere muri iki gihugu mu myaka 25. Itegekoshinga rya Myanmar ryamubuzaga kuba perezida kuko afite abana bafite ubwenegihugu bw'andi mahanga. Ariko uyu mugore w'imyaka 75 ubu, niwe mutegetsi mukuru w'iki gihugu. Gusa kuva yagera ku butegetsi, ubutegetsi bwe bwaranzwe no kwibasira ba nyamucye b'abayisilamu bo mu bwoko bw'aba Rohingya. Mu 2017 ibihumbi amagana by'aba Rohingya bahungiye mu baturanyi muri Bangladesh kubera guhigwa kwabo kwavuye ku bitero byagabwe kuri station za polisi mu gace ka Rakhine. Ibihugu by'amahanga byahoze bishyigikiye Madamu Suu Kyi byamushinje kureberera amabi akorerwa aba-Rohingya bamwe bise jenoside. Imbere y'urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha mu 2019, abamuburanira bavuze impamvu igisirikare cyakoresheje imbaraga bituma benshi batakariza ikizere Suu Kyi wigeze kuba ikirango cy'amahoro. Mu gihugu cye ariko, Suu Kyi arakunzwe cyane mu baturage nyamwinshi b'aba Buddhist bagirira impuhwe nkeya aba Rohingya.