Igihugu bakuramo inda kurusha izo babyara
"Sinjya nanabitekerezaho. Tuganira gukuramo inda nk'ibintu bisanzwe, ndibuka ko mperuka kubwira inshuti n'abo mu muryango ubwo mperuka kubikora." Piaa* w'imyaka 19 wo muri Greenland abwira BBC.
Umushinga w'ibipupe mu mashuri ya Greenland ugamije kurinda abana inda zitateganyijwe Yakuyemo inda eshanu mu myaka ibiri ishize Uyu mukobwa w'ahitwa Nuuk arakomeza ati: "Ubusanzwe nkoresha agakingirizo ariko hari ubwo tubyibagirwa. Ubu ntabwo nabyara, ndi mu mwaka wa nyuma w'ishuri". Hano siwe wenyine. Kuva mu 2013, ibarurishamibare mu gihugu cya Greenland rivuga ko buri mwaka havuka abana bagera kuri 700 bagakuramo inda zigera kuri 800. Kuki muri iki gihugu bakuramo inda gutya? Ntibiteye ikimwaro Greenland nicyo kirwa kinini ku isi, ariko gifite abaturage bacye cyane - imibare yo mu kwa mbere uyu mwaka y'ikigo Statistics Greenland kivuga ko ari abaturage 55,992. Muri iki gihugu hejuru ya kimwe cya kabiri cy'abagore batwita bavanamo inda basamye. Nubwo Greenland yemerwa nk'igihugu kigenga ariko iracyari agace kagenzurwa na Denmark. Ingorane mu bukungu, imiturire mibi no kutiga biri mu bitera iriya mibare iri hejuru. Ariko sibyo gusa byabisobanura mu gihugu abaturage babona byoroshye kandi ku buntu uburyo bwo kwirinda no kuboneza urubyaro. Mu bihugu byinshi, ndetse no mu byo gukuramo inda byemewe n'amategeko, haba ikimwaro ku babikora. Muri Greenland, abagore bamwe ntibabitinya, inda batifuza kuyikuramo si ikintu cyo kubatera ikimwaro. Umunsi wabyo Gukuramo inda muri Greenland byemewe n'amategeko kuva mu 1975 None kuki baterwa inda nyinshi batateguye? Piia ati:"Inshuti zanjye nyinshi zimaze gukuramo inda. Mama yakuyemo eshatu mbere yo kumbyara na musaza wanjye. Nubwo adakunda kubivuga". Turi Hermannsdottir umushakashatsi kuri kaminuza ya Roskilde muri Denmark avuga ko abanyeshuri muri Nuuk bajya kuri 'clinic' y'ubuzima bw'imyororokere kuwa gatatu, umunsi bafata nk'uwagenewe gukuramo inda. Ati:"Gukuramo inda muri Greenland ntabwo ari ikintu kizira cyangwa umuntu yazizwa - kimwe no gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mbere yo gushaka cyangwa gutwara inda utabiteganyije". Mu mujyi wa Nuuk kuwa gatatu ni umunsi wo gukuramo inda Kwirinda ni ubuntu Piia ati:"Uburyo bwo kwirinda no kuringaniza imbyaro ni ubuntu kandi buboneka byoroshye ariko inshuti zanjye nyinshi ntabyo zikoresha". Stine Brenoe ni umuganga w'indwara z'abagore umaze igihe mu bushakashatsi ku gukuramo inda. Yabwiye BBC ko 50% y'abagore yakozeho ubushakashatsi bamubwiye ko bazi uburyo bwo kwirinda ariko hejuru ya 85% batigeze babukoresha cyangwa babukoresheje nabi. Inda zitateguwe hano zishobora kuba zikomoka ku businzi, Brenoe ati:"Umugabo n'umugore bombi ntibashobora kwibuka kwirinda iyo basinze". Abaturage ba Greenland banywa inzoga ku kigero kiri hejuru Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Hermannsdottir buvuga ko impamvu eshatu abagore badakoresha uburyo buriho bwo kwirinda inda nk'izi ari: -Abagore bashaka abana-Abagore bari mu buzima bugoye bahura n'ihohoterwa n'ubusinzi ntibakoreshe ubu buryo-Cyangwa abagabo banga kwambara agakingirizo Urugomo n'ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina Abagore muri iki gihugu bashobora guhitamo guhagarika gusama nyuma yo gufatwa ku ngufu, cyangwa se bakaba batifuza kubyarira abana mu rugo rurimo ibibazo. Lars Mosgaard umuganga mu mujyi uri mu majyepfo ya Greenland ati:"Gukuramo inda biruta gutunga umwana nabi cyangwa umwana utifuzwaga". Ditte Solbeck ukora mu mushinga wa Leta wo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsinda avuga ko basanze urugomo n'ihohoterwa biri ku kigero cyo hejuru. Umuntu umwe kuri batatu hano avuga ko yakorewe cyangwa yabonye ihohoterwa n'urugomo akiri umwana. Ubumenyi bucye Imiti yo kuringaniza urubyaro n'uburyo bwo kwirinda bitangirwa ubuntu Nubwo uburyo bwo kwirinda buhari kandi ku buntu ntabwo bisobanuye ko bukoreshwa. Piia yabwiye BBC ati:"Mu kwezi gushize nibwo namenye iby'ikinini kibuza gusama nyuma y'imibonano. Sinibaza ko abantu benshi hano bakizi". Avuga ko nta na rimwe nyina yigeze amuganiriza ku buzima bw'imyororokere, ko hari ibyo yagiye yiga ku ishuri ibindi akabimenyera mu nshuti. Ikinyamakuru cy'ubuzima Journal of Circumpolar Health kivuga ko imiryango myinshi muri iki gihugu yirinda bene ibi biganiro kuko ibona biteye ipfunwe kandi bigoye kubiterura. Igihugu cya mbere ku isi mu kwiyahura Uretse gukuramo inda, Greenland inafite umwihariko w'ikigero kiri hejuru mu kwiyahura, buri mwaka abantu 83 biyambura ubuzima nk'uko Journal of Circumpolar Health ibivuga. Ubwangavu n'ubugimbi muri Greenland ni ibihe bigoye cyane kuko aba aribo barenze kimwe cya kabiri cy'imibare y'abiyahura. Lars Pedersen umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze avuga ko abenshi mu bakuriye mu ngo zirimo urugomo n'ihohotera ari bo bageramiwe no kwiyahura. Abatuye iki gihugu benshi bafata kunywa inzoga nk'ubuzima bikabaganisha ku rugomo n'ihohotera rishingiye ku gitsina. Pedersen ati:"Abantu benshi usanga bazi nibura umuntu wiyahuye". Umwe ku bantu batatu yabonye cyangwa yakorewe ihohoterwa mu rugo akiri umwana Gukuramo inda ni ubuntu kuri bose Hari abifuza ko Greenland itangira kwishyuza gukuramo inda kugira ngo bibe byagabanya ababikora. Abandi bavuga ko kuzikuramo ntaho buhuriye no kuba ari ubuntu cyangwa byoroshye kubigeraho. Muri Denmark igihugu baturanye naho ni ubuntu kandi byoroshye cyane kubigeraho ariko imibare y'abazikuramo iri munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy'iya Greenland. Umushinga 'w'ibipupe' Muri Greenland abantu batangira imibonano mpuzabitsina ku myaka 14 na 15, ikigo cy'ibarurishamibare cyaho kivuga ko 63% y'abana b'imyaka 15 bakora iyi mibonano mu buryo buhoraho. Leta yatangije umushinga w'ibipupe bise 'Doll project' ifatanya n'amashuri ugamije kwigisha abana ibibi byo kubyara bakiri bato hagamijwe kubarinda inda zitateguwe. Abahungu n'abakobwa bahabwa 'ibipupe' byifata nk'abana b'abantu kugira ngo babirere. Ibi bisabwa kubindwa, kwambikwa, kwitabwaho nk'umwana ndetse no guhozwa igihe birize. Bihabwa abari hagati y'imyaka 13 na 18 kugira ngo babirere bagire ishusho y'inshingano z'umuntu ufite umwana. Umushinga w'ibipupe wigisha abana baho kwirinda inda batateguye Ikibazo si ugukuramo inda Atitaye ku myaka y'umugore cyangwa umukobwa, Stine Broene ntiyemeranya n'ibivugwa ko gukuramo inda bifatwa nk'ibintu byoroshye muri Greenland. Ati:"Nta mugore n'umwe ndabona udaterwa impungenge n'ubwoba no gukuramo inda". Atekereza ko ari amahitamo aba asigaye imbere y'ibibazo by'urugomo, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, gufatwa ku ngufu n'ubusinzi biganisha ku nda zitateguwe n'ibibazo mu ngo bityo uburemere bwabyo bukaruta igikorwa cyo gukuramo inda. Yemeza ko ikibazo cyo gukemurwa atari ikigero gikabije cyo gukuramo inda ahubwo ari ibi bibitera bikabije.