Woba uzi igitigiri c'ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda biri kw'isi, ababitunze n'igituma bitavaho?
Imwe mu ntego nkuru nkuru z'umuryango mpuzamakungu Onu ni kurandurana n'imizi ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda kw'isi, ariko ico gikorwa umengo nticaworoheye.
Kw'itariki 26 z'ukwezi kw'icenda, umuryango mpuzamakungu Onu urahimbaza umunsi wahariwe ukurandurana n'imizi ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda Uburemere bw'ico kibazo nibwo bwatumye hapfundikwa amasezerano ya mbere y'Inama Nkuru ya Onu mu 1946. Iminsi yose itariki 26 z'ukwezi kw'icenda, ni umunsi wo kwibuka umugambi wo gukura kw'isi ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda, no gukebura abanyagihugu ku bijanye n'imwe mu ntego nkuru nkuru z'amakungu: gushikira amahoro n'umutekano mw'isi itakirimwo ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda". Ariko haraheze igice c'ikinjana kirenga, uwo mugambi usa n'uwutitezwe gushikwako vuba. Mu bitigiri vya nyuma bitangwa n'ikigo cigisha amahoro "International Institute for Peace Studies"(SIPRI) kiri i Stockholm, haracari ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda 14465 kw'isi. Ugereranije n'ivyo ico kigo cari caharuye mu mwaka wahera, ico gitigiri cerekana ko hari ibigwanisho 470 vyagabanutse, bisigura ko iryo gabanuka rigenda buhoro cane nkuko abakoze ico cigwa bavuga. Uno mwaka, Uburusiya bwarerekanye ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda bitandatu vyo ku rwego rwo hejuru "superweapons", Kremlin ivuga ko "bitoneshwa" Onu iributsa ko gushika uno munsi, ko ata kigwanisho ruhonyanganda na kimwe kirigera gisambugwa kandi ariko bisabwa n'amasezerano, nta n'ibiganiro bikogwa kuri ico kibazo. Kuvyo uwo muryango waharuye, "abantu barenga igice c'ababa kw'isi baba mu bihugu bifise mwen'ivyo bigwanisho, canke ibihugu vyabo biri mu mashirahamwe yatunganijwe yo gukuraho ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda." Ni ibihe bihugu bitunze ivyo bigwanisho ruhonyanganda biri kw'isi? Ibice 92% vy'ivyo bigwanisho biri mu bihugu bibiri. Ivyo bigwanisho birenga 14400 vyaharuwe n'ikigo SIPRI mu kwezi kwa mbere, biri mu bihugu icenda. Ivyo bihugu ni Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Uburusiya, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, Ubushinwa, Ubuhindi, Pakistani, Isirayeli na Korea ya Ruguru. Muri ivyo bihugu vyose, hari bibiri bifise ibice 92% vy'ivyo bigwanisho biri kw'isi: Uburusiya na Amerika. Mu giharuzo gikurikira, Amerika yonyene ifise ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda 6800, mu gihe Uburusiya bufise 7000, Ubufaransa 300, Ubwongereza 215. Ibihugu bitunze ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda n'ingene bingana Ikigo SIPRI gisanga igitigiri c'ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda kigabanuka buhoro ugereranije no mu mwaka uheze. Ico cigwa co muri Suède kigabisha ko ibihugu bisanzwe bifise ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda ko biriko birahingura ibigwanisho bishasha canke binagura ivyo vyahorana. "[Ibihugu vya Amerika n'Uburusiya] bifise imigambi yo guhindura no kunagura ibigwanisho vya kera", niko ico kigo kivuga mw'itangazo casohoye. "Ukwo kunagura ibigwanisho vya kera bisigura ko ata ntambwe iboneka izokwigera ishikwako mu mugambi wo kurandurana n'imizi ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda," niko Shannon Kile wo mu kigo SIPRI avuga. Harakenewe "inginngo zikomeye" Ivyatowe vyerekana ko inyuma y'amasezerano yo kwihanikiza ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda "Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons" yo mu 2017, ko amakungu "atitayeho kuvanaho ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda". Ayo masezerano yari yemejwe n'ibihugu 12 ariko ibihugu bifise amabombe yo mu bwoko bwa "nucléaire" bikaba bititavye iyo nama. Inyuma y'amezi 12, ibihugu 11 kuri ivyo 12 nivyo vyayateyeko igikumu mu gihe hari hakenewe ibihugu 50 ngo ashobore gushigwa mu ngiro. Amerika n'Uburusiya bifise ibice 92% vy'ibigwanisho vya "nucléaire" biri kw'isi, nkuko ikigo SIPRI kivuga "Icababaje ibihugu biri mu vyateguye ayo masezerano nuko ibihugu bitunze ibigwanisho vya "nucléaire" ata na kimwe birakora ngo vyikure ivyo bigwanisho," niko David Wright ari mu barongoye igisata c'umutekano yabwiye BBC. Muri ayo masezerano "ibihugu bidafise ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda vyiyemeje kutabirondera, ibihugu bibifise navyo vyiyemeza gutangura kuvyikura," niko Wright asigura. Kubona Amerika n'Uburusiya biriko binagura ibigwanisho vya "nucléaire" biteye amakenga Igiteye amakenga Ikigo SIPRI kivuga ko iruhande y'Uburusiya na Amerika, ibihugu vyose bifise ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda biriko birakora uburyo bushasha bwo kwikingira, ibindi bitangaza ko bigira bibikore. Nka Korea ya Ruguru ibandanya iteza imbere igisata ca "nucléaire" kuva mu 2017, harimwo n'ukugerageza ikigwanisho co mu bwoko bwa "thermonucléaire" hamwe n'ubwoko bubiri bushasha bwa "missiles ballistiques" zigera kure cane, ni ibivugwa mw'ico cigwa. "Kubona ibihugu vyasubiye kurondera gukomeza ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda, biteye amakenga," niko Jan Eliasson arongoye inama nshingwabikorwa ya SIPRI avuga. Amakungu akwiye kwiyemeza kurandurana n'imizi ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda "Isi irakeneye kwiyemeza ku mugaragaro ngo ibihugu bifise ibigwanisho ruhonyanganda bikurikize amategeko, bitangure kuvyikurako," niko yabandanije avuga.