Ethiopia – Tigray: Ibibuga by'indege byarashweho ibisasu bya rokete, imirwano ifata indi ntera
Ingabo zo muri leta ya Tigray - imwe mu zigize Ethiopia - zarashe ibisasu bya rokete ku bibuga by'indege byo muri leta bituranye mu majyaruguru y'iki gihugu.
Iyi ntambara yatumye abaturage b'abasivile babarirwa mu bihumbi bahungira hakurya y'umupaka muri Sudan Ishyaka Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) riri ku butegetsi muri leta ya Tigray ryavuze ko ari ryo ryarashe ibyo bisasu ahantu habiri ho muri leta ya Amhara, riburira ko hazabaho n'ibindi bitero. Leta ya Ethiopia yavuze ko icyo gitero cya rokete cyo ku wa gatanu cyangije "ibice by'ibibuga by'indege". Mbere, TPLF yavuze ko "ikibuga cy'indege icyo ari cyo cyose cyifashishwa mu gutera Tigray" ari ikintu "cyemewe ko kiraswaho", nkuko ibiro ntaramakuru AFP bibitangaza. Umunyamakuru wa BBC Kalkidan Yibeltal uri mu murwa mukuru Addis Ababa, avuga ko "imirwano irimo kurushaho gukomera n'ibintu birushaho kuba bibi". Avuga ko imiryango ifasha idashobora gutanga imfashanyo kubera iyi mirwano ndetse no kubera ko gutwara abantu n'ibintu byahagaze. Bigatuma rero hakomeje kuboneka amakuru y'abagwa muri iyi mirwano. Icyo tuzi kuri iki gitero cya rokete Mu butumwa bwo kuri Twitter, itsinda ry'ibikorwa byihutirwa rya leta ya Ethiopia ryavuze ko ibyo bisasu bya rokete byarashwe byerekezwa mu mijyi ya Bahir Dar na Gondar, yo muri leta ya Amhara, ku wa gatanu nijoro. Ubwo butumwa bugira buti: "Agatsiko ka TPLF karimo gukoresha intwaro za nyuma gasigaranye mu bubiko bwako". Muri ubwo butumwa, leta ya Ethiopia yongeyeho ko ubu iperereza ryatangiye. Umutegetsi yabwiye ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters ko igisasu kimwe cya rokete cyakubise ku kibuga cy'indege cy'i Gondar kikangiza igice kimwe, mu gihe igisasu cya kabiri cyarasiwe rimwe n'icyo cyo cyaguye hanze gato y'ikibuga cy'indege cy'i Bahir Dar. Ntabwo byahise bimenyekana niba hari abantu baguye muri ibyo bitero. Ibyo bibuga by'indege byombi bikoreshwa n'indege za gisirikare n'iza gisivile. Ingabo zo muri leta ya Amhara zimaze igihe zirwana ku ruhande rw'ingabo z'igihugu za Ethiopia mu kurwanya ingabo za leta ya Tigray. Iki gitero gitumye habaho kugira ubwoba ko iyi ntambara muri leta ya Tigray yo mu majyaruguru ya Ethiopia ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'igihugu. TPLF yavuze iki nyirizina? TPLF yavuze ko icyo gitero bya rokete cyari icyo kwihimura ku bitero by'indege biherutse gukorwa n'ingabo za Bwana Abiy. Mu butumwa yatangaje kuri Facebook, Getachew Reda, umuvugizi wa TPLF, yagize ati: "Mu gihe cyose ibitero ku baturage ba Tigray bidahagaze, ibitero bizarushaho gukomera". Nyuma yaho, uyu muvugizi yavugiye kuri televiziyo ya leta ya Tigray aburira ko hazaba ibindi bitero. Yavuze ko umurwa mukuru Asmara wa Eritrea na wo ushobora kugabwaho ibitero, bituma habaho kugira ubwoba ko iyi mirwano ishobora kwambuka ikagera muri icyo gihugu gituranyi. Minisitiri w'intebe wa Ethiopia yateganyaga ko azahita abona intsinzi yihuse ku rugamba, ariko ashobora kuba yarakengereye ingabo za Tigray, nkuko bivugwa n'umunyamakuru wa BBC Will Ross. Ingabo za Tigray zifite ubunararibonye kandi zizi neza ako karere k'imisozi miremire. Hari ubwoba ko iyi ntambara ishobora kugera mu karere kose k'ihembe ry'Afurika ndetse ikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage b'abasivile muri Ethiopia no mu karere. Byatangiye gute? Mu ntangiriro y'uku kwezi, Minisitiri w'intebe Abiy Ahmed yategetse ko hakorwa ibitero bya gisirikare ku ngabo za TPLF nyuma yo kuzishinja gutera ikigo cy'ingabo za leta ya Ethiopia - ibyo TPLF ihakana. Kuva icyo gihe habayeho imirwano n'ibitero by'indege muri ako karere. Imirwano imaze gutuma abaturage b'abasivile batari munsi ya 17,000 bahungira hakurya y'umupaka muri Sudan, nkuko bivugwa n'umuryango w'abibumbye (ONU/UN). Sudan yavuze ko izabacumbikira mu nkambi y'impunzi. Abantu babarirwa mu magana batangazwa ko bamaze kwicirwa muri iyi mirwano. Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu Amnesty International wavuze ko wagenzuye ugasanga "abantu benshi, bashobora kuba bagera mu magana, barishwe batewe ibyuma cyangwa bacagaguwemo ibice" mu mujyi wa Mai-Kadra (May Cadera) mu karere k'amajyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba ka Tigray, ku itariki ya 9 y'uku kwezi kwa 11. Kubona amakuru yagenzuwe mu buryo budafite uruhande rubogamiyeho ajyanye n'iyo mirwano biragoye kuko imirongo ya telefone na internet bitarimo gukora. Habaye ubwicanyi bwibasiye imbaga muri Tigray? Amnesty International yavuze ko yabonye gihamya ko abantu "benshi" bishwe abandi bagakomereka mu gitero cyakozwe hifashishijwe ibyuma (cyangwa imbugita mu Kirundi) n'imihoro (imipanga) mu mujyi wa Mai-Kadra. Yavuze ko yabonye "amafoto na za videwo biteye ubwoba byagenzuwe mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bigaragaza imirambo inyanyagiye mu mujyi cyangwa irimo gutwarwa kuri burankari [stretchers]". Amnesty International yavuze ko bigaragara ko abishwe ari abakora imirimo y'amaboko badafite aho bahuriye n'imirwano. Ntabwo bizwi aho baturutse. Akanama ka Ethiopia k'uburenganzira bwa muntu kavuze ko kagiye kuhohereza itsinda ryo gukora iperereza kuri ayo makuru ajyanye n'ubwicanyi bwibasiye imbaga. Minisitiri w'intebe Abiy yashinje ingabo zigenzurwa n'abategetsi ba Tigray kuba ari zo zakoze ubwo bwicanyi, avuga ko zariye karungu nyuma yuko ingabo za Ethiopia "zibohoye" akarere k'uburengerazuba ka Tigray. Bamwe mu babibonye na bo bavuze ko ibyo bitero byagabwe n'ingabo z'ishyaka TPLF nyuma yuko zitsinzwe n'ingabo za Ethiopia mu karere kitwa Lugdi. Ariko, Debretsion Gebremichael ukuriye leta ya Tigray yabwiye ibiro ntaramakuru AFP ko ibyo birego "nta shingiro bifite", ndetse na leta ya Tigray yahakanye ko ingabo zayo ari zo zakoze ubwo bwicanyi. Hagati aho, akanama k'uburenganzira bwa muntu ka ONU kavuze ko ubwo bwicanyi, niburamuka bugenzuwe, bushobora kuba ibyaha byo mu ntambara. Kasabye iperereza risesuye ndetse kavuga ko ababigizemo uruhare bazabiryozwa. Kuki Ethiopia na TPLF barimo kurwana? Hashize igihe ubushyamirane bwiyongera kubera umubano hagati ya TPLF na leta ya Ethiopia warushijeho kuba mubi. TPLF yamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ari yo yihariye ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare n'ubwa politike muri Ethiopia, mbere yuko Bwana Abiy - wo mu bwoko bwa ba nyamwinshi bwa Oromo - agera ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 2018 agatangiza amavugurura akomeye. Mu mwaka ushize, Bwana Abiy yasheshe urugaga rw'amashyaka yari ku butegetsi, rugizwe n'amashyaka menshi ashingiye ku moko yo mu turere dutandukanye, ayahuriza mu ishyaka rimwe ryo ku rwego rw'igihugu rya 'Prosperity Party'. TPLF yanze kwinjira muri iryo shyaka rishya. Amasinde yarushijeho gukara mu kwezi kwa cyenda uyu mwaka, ubwo leta ya Tigray yakoreshaga amatora irenze ku mabwiriza ya leta ya Ethiopia abuza amatora ayo ari yo yose, mu kwirinda coronavirus. Bwana Abiy yahise avuga ko ayo matora atemewe n'amategeko. Ubutegetsi bwa leta ya Tigray bubona amavugurura ya Bwana Abiy nk'uburyo bwo kugerageza gushyiraho ubutegetsi buhuriweho agasenya uburyo busanzweho bwa leta ya Ethiopia igizwe na za leta zitandukanye. TPLF kandi ibabazwa n'icyo yita ubucuti "butarimo gushyira mu gaciro" Bwana Abiy afitanye na Perezida Isaias Afwerki wa Eritrea. Mu mwaka wa 2019, Bwana Abiy yatsindiye igihembo cy'amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel kubera umuhate we mu kugarura amahoro hagati ya Ethiopia na Eritrea byari bimaze igihe birebana ay'ingwe. Ku ruhande rwe, Bwana Abiy yemeza ko abategetsi ba Tigray barimo kubangamira ubutegetsi bwe. Bwana Abiy yategetse ibitero bya gisirikare kuri TPLF avuga ko abarwanyi bayo barenze "umurongo utukura". Yabashinje gutera ikigo cy'ingabo za leta ya Ethiopia ku itariki ya 4 y'uku kwezi kwa 11, avuga ko ibyo ari "ubugambanyi". TPLF yahakanye ivuga ko itateye icyo kigo cya gisirikare.