Coronavirus vaccine: Oxford university human trials cause immune response, show positive sign inside early trial - Wetin you need to know
One coronavirus vaccine wey di University of Oxford develop dey show say e dey safe and dey trigger immune response.
Di trials dem do with 1,077 pipo show say di injection lead to di making of antibodies and T-cells wey fit fight coronavirus. DiThe findings dey largely promising, but e dey too soon to know if dis wan dey enough to offer protection and den still dey carry out larger trials. Di UK don already order 100 million doses of di vaccine. How di vaccine dey work? Dem dey develop di vaccine - wey dem call ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 - fast-fast. Dem dey make am from one genetically engineered virus wey dey cause di common cold wey chimpanzees dey get. Dem don change am well-well, first so e no fit cause infections inside pipo and also to make am "look" more like coronavirus. Scientists do dis wan by transferring di genetic instructions for di coronavirus "spike protein" - di important tool wey e dey use to invade our cells - to di vaccine dem bin dey develop. Dis one mean say di vaccine resemble di coronavirus and di immune system fit learn how to attack am. Wetin be antibodies and T-cells? Much of di focus on di coronavirus so far don be about antibodies, but dis na only one part of our immune defence. Antibodies na small proteins made by di immune system wey dey stick onto di surface of viruses. Neutralising antibodies fit disable di coronavirus. T-cells, one type of white blood cell, help co-ordinate di immune system and dey able to spot which of di body cells don dey infected and destroy dem. Nearly all effective vaccines induce both di antibody and T-cell response. Dem dey analyse sample from patients as part of di trial. Levels of T-cells peak 14 days afta vaccination and antibody levels peak afta 28 days. Di study never run for long enough to understand how long dem fit last, di study for di Lancet show. Di study show 90% of pipo develop neutralising antibodies afta one dose. Only ten pipo na im dem give two doses and all of dem produce neutralising antibodies. E dey safe? Yes, but side-effects dey. No dangerous side-effects dey from taking di vaccine, however, 70% of pipo on the trial develop either fever or headache. Di researchers say dis one fit dey managed with paracetamol. Wetin be di next steps for di trial? Di results so far dey promising, but dia main purpose na to ensure say di vaccine dey safe enough to give pipo. Di study no fit show whether di vaccine fit prevent pipo from becoming ill or even lessen dia symptoms of Covid-19. More dan 10,000 pipo go take part in di next stage of di trials for di UK. However, dem never expand di trial go oda kontries because levels of coronavirus dey low for di UK, making it hard to know if di vaccine dey effective. Large trial wey involve 30,000 pipo for di US as well as 2,000 for South Africa and 5,000 in Brazil go happun. Wen I go get vaccine? E dey possible say coronavirus vaccine go past effectiveness test before di end of di year, however, e no go dey widely available. Dem go prioritize Health and care workers as well as pipo wey be Covid-19 high risk due to dia age or medical conditions. However, vaccination wey go dey widespread dey likely to be, di earliest, next year even if everything go as plan. Wetin be di progress with oda vaccines? Di Oxford vaccine no be di first to reach dis stage, with groups for di US and China also dey publish similar results. Di US company Moderna na di firstand e vaccine fit produce neutralising antibodies. Dem dey inject coronavirus RNA (di genetic code), wey go den start to dey make viral proteins in order to trigger immune response. The companies BioNtech and Pfizer companies don also get positive results with di use of dia RNA vaccine.