Matar da ta fara gano kwayar cutar korona
Matar da ta fara gano kwayar cutar korona a jikin mutum dai diyar wani direban motar bas ce a Scotland, wadda kuma ta daina zuwa makaranta tana da shekara 16.
Daga baya, June Almeida ta zama jigo a fannin daukar hoton kwayoyin cutar virus, wadda aikinta ya zama wani bangare mai muhimmanci a yayin wannan annobar ta yanzu. Covid-19 sabuwar cuta ce amma wata kwayar cutar korona wato coronavirus ce ke haddasa ta, kuma Dakta Alemida ce ta fara gano ta a shekarar 1964 a dakin gwaji da ke asibitin St Thomas na Landan. An haifi kwararriyar ta fannin kwayoyin cuta na virus a 1930 kuma an sa mata suna June Hart. Ta girma a wani gidan haya kusa da filin shakatawa na Alexander Park a arewa maso gabashin birnin Glasgow. Ta daina zuwa makaranta bayan samun karancin ilimi amma ta samu aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar dakin gwaji a bangaren gwaje-gwaje a asibitin Glasgow Royal. Daga baya ta koma Landan da zama don samun ci gaba a aikinta kuma a shekarar 1954 ta auri Enriques Almeida, wani mai zane dan asalin Venezuela. Bincike kan mura Matar da mijinta da 'yarsu karama sun koma Toronto a Canada da zama kuma, a cewar wani marubucin kiwon lafiya George Winter, a Cibiyar Bincike kan Ciwon daji na Ontario ne dakta Almeida ta goge a fannin daukar hoton kwayoyin cuta. Ta shige gaba wajen amfani da wani tsari wanda yake nuna yadda kwayoyin cutar suke ta hanyar amfani da sinadaren 'antibodie' masu kare garkuwar jiki. Mista Winter ya shaida wa shirin Drivetime a gidan radion BBC na Scotland cewa kwarewarta ta sa ta yi suna a Burtaniya kuma an ja ra'ayinta a shekarar 1964 ta sake aiki a asibitin koyarwa na St Thomas a London, asibitin da Firam Minista Boris Johnson ya samu kulawa a lokacin da yake jinyar cutar korona. Dawowarta ke da wuya, sai ta fara hada gwiwa da Dakta David Tyrrell, wanda ke gudanar da bincike a bangaren mura a Salisbury a gundumar Wiltshire. Mista Winter ya ce Dakta Tyrrell na gudanar da bincike ne kan majina daga wasu 'yan sa-kai kuma tawagarsa ta gano cewa mutane na iya daukar wasu kwayoyin cutar da ke da alaka da mura, amma ba dukansu ba. Daya daga cikin kwayoyin cutar ita ce wanda aka fi sani da B814, wanda kuma aka samo a majinar wani dalibi a wata makarantar kwana da ke Surrey a shekarar 1960. Sun gano cewa suna iya yada alamomin mura ga sauran 'yan sa-kan amma ba sa iya sa ta ta yadu a dakin gwaji. Dakta Tyrell ya yi tunanin kila akwai yiwuwar ana iya ganin hoton kwayar cutar a na'urar ganin kwayoyin halitta 'yan mitsi-mitsi. Sun aika wa June Almeida da wasu kwayoyin zarra, wanda kuma ta ga kwayoyin cutar virus a ciki wanda ta bayyana a matsayin masu kama da kwayoyin cutar mura. Ta gano abin da aka fi sani yanzu a matsayain kwayar cutar korona ta farko a jikin dan Adam. Mista Winter ya ce Dakta Almeida ta taba ganin kwayoyin zarra kamar wadannan a baya lokacin da take bincike kan ciwon hanta a jikin beraye da kuma murar kaji. Sai dai, ya ce an ki amincewa da rahoton da ta rubuta a wata mujalla "saboda masu sa ido sun ce hotunan kwayoyin cutar da ta dauka hotunan kwayoyin cutar mura ne da ba su fito da kyau ba". An yi rubutu kan sabuwar kwayar cutar da aka gano daga jinsin kwayar cuta ta B814 a mujallar British Medical Journal a shekarar 1965 kuma bayan shekara biyu aka buga hoton farko na abin da ta fara gani a mujallar General Virology. A cewar Mista Winter, Dakta Tyrrell da Dakta Almeida, tare da Farfesa Tony Waterson, mutumin da ke jagorantar asibitin St Thomas ne suka sanya wa kwayar cutar suna coronavirus saboda kama da take yi da hular sarki idan aka haska ta a na'urar daukar hoton kwayoyin cuta. Dakta Almeida ta yi aiki daga baya da Makarantar ci gaba da karatun Likita ta Landan inda aka ba ta lambar girma. Ta kammala aikinta a Cibiyar Wellcome, inda ta ta samu damar gudanar da bincike iri-iri a fannin daukar hoton kwayoyin cutar virus. Bayan da ta bar Wellcome, Dakta Almeida ta zama malamar koyar da nau'in motsa jiki na Yoga amma ta sake komawa harkar binciken cututtukan virus a shekarun 1980 inda ta taimaka wajen daukar sabbin hotunan kwayar cutar HIV. June Almeida ta rasu a shekarar 2007 tana da shekara 77. Yanzu bayan shekara 13 da mutuwarta, an ba ta girman da ya dace da ita, a matsayin jigo wadda aikinta ya gaggauta fahimtar kwayar cutar virus da a halin yanzu ke ta karakaina a duniya.