Coronavirus iri gukwirakwira byihuse gute muri Africa?
Ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS/WHO) rivuga ko muri Afurika abandura icyorezo cya coronavirus bari kwiyongera vuba vuba ndetse n'umubare w'abapfa na wo ukiyongera byihuse.
Kugeza ubu muri Afurika abantu barenga 494,000 ni bo bamaze kwemezwa ko banduye coronavirus, muri bo abarenga 11,600 yarabishe naho abarenga 237,000 barayikize nkuko imibare yo kuri uyu wa kabiri ya Kaminuza ya Johns Hopkins ibigaragaza. Ishami rya BBC rya 'Reality Check' ryagenzuye uko ibintu bihagaze kuri uyu mugabane w'Afurika, n'ibihugu biteje impungenge cyane kurusha ibindi. Coronavirus iri gukwirakwira byihuse gute? Mu bijyanye n'imibare rusange, kugeza ubu umubare w'abanduye muri Afurika ni agace gato gusa k'abanduye bose ku isi, ariko umuvuduko w'ubwandu mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by'Afurika bigaragara ko uteye impungenge. Mu gihe byafashe hafi iminsi 100 ngo Afurika igere ku bantu ba mbere 100,000 banduye, byafashe iminsi 18 gusa kugira ngo uwo mubare wikube kabiri ugere ku banduye 200,000. Uwo na wo wikubye kabiri mu minsi 20 yakurikiyeho ugera ku banduye 400,000. Uku kwiyongera kw'imibare ya coronavirus muri Afurika gutangiye gusa no mu bindi bice by'isi byazahajwe n'iki cyorezo. Ubu byinshi mu bihugu by'Afurika birimo kubamo ubwandu bukwirakwira hagati mu baturage, nkuko OMS ibivuga. Ubwo bwandu buba iyo umuntu yanduye Covid-19 atarigeze ahura n'umuntu uzwi wagaragayeho ubwandu bwayo waturutse mu mahanga cyangwa mu karere kazwi mu gihugu katangajwe ko karimo ubwandu bwayo. Ibyo bituma abategetsi bagorwa no kumenya ahantu nyirizina ubwo bwandu buri mu baturage bwaturutse. Ni he zingiro ryayo muri Afurika? Ibihugu bibiri bifite umubare munini cyane w'abanduye ni Afurika y'epfo na Misiri. Byihariye abarenga 60% by'abanduye bashya bose batangajwe mu mpera y'ukwezi gushize kwa gatandatu. Kuri uyu mugabane, Afurika y'epfo ni yo ifite umubare munini cyane w'abatangajwe ko banduye coronavirus, mu gihe Misiri yo ifite umubare munini cyane w'abamaze gutangazwa ko yishe. Mu kwezi kwa gatatu, Afurika y'epfo yatangaje amwe mu mategeko ya mbere akaze cyane yo kuguma mu rugo mu kwirinda ikwirakwira ry'ubwandu bwa coronavirus. Umubare w'abanduye wariyongereye cyane muri icyo gihugu nyuma yaho mu ntangiriro y'ukwezi kwa gatanu kidohoreye amategeko ya 'guma mu rugo'. Kuva hagati mu kwezi kwa gatanu, ubwandu bwakomeje kwiyongera mu Misiri, ariko bigaragara ko ibi ubu bishobora kuba byaramaze kugera ku kigero cyo hejuru gishoboka, ubu abazwi bashya banduye bakaba baratangiye kugabanuka gacye mu ntangiriro y'uku kwezi kwa karindwi. Hari n'impungenge ku biri kubera muri Nigeria. Mu cyegeranyo cya OMS cyo ku itariki ya mbere y'uku kwezi, Nigeria ni yo iri ku mwanya wa kabiri muri Afurika mu kugira ubwiyongere bw'abishwe na Covid-19, nyuma y'Afurika y'epfo. Igihugu cya Mauritania muri Afurika y'uburengerazuba nacyo kigaragaramo ubwiyongere bw'abanduye coronavirus. Mu byumweru bicye bishize, cyagaragaye mu bihugu byabonetsemo kwiyongera cyane kw'iki cyorezo. Ni ngombwa gushimangira ko ibice bimwe na bimwe by'uyu mugabane bigaragaramo abanduye bacye muri rusange, nko mu bice bimwe by'Afurika y'uburasirazuba. Mu by'ukuri, raporo iherutse gutangazwa na OMS ishami ryayo ry'Afurika ivuga ko ibihugu 10 gusa byihariye abarenga 80% by'abatangajwe ko banduye bose bo kuri uyu mugabane. Muri Afurika hari gupfa abantu bangana gute? Ikigero rusange cy'abari gupfa kiri hasi ugereranyije n'ikigero rusange cy'abari gupfa ku isi, nubwo ibihugu byinshi muri Afurika bifite ibikorwa-remezo by'ubuvuzi bicye kandi bijegajega. OMS ivuga ko ibyo bishobora kuba biterwa nuko abaturage b'Afurika muri rusange ari urubyiruko - abarenga 60% bafite munsi y'imyaka 25 y'amavuko. Isesengura ririho kuri ubu rigaragaza ko ikigero cy'abicwa na coronavirus kiri hasi kurushaho mu rubyiruko. Ubundi buryo bwo gusuzuma ikigero cy'abo yica, ni ukureba ikigereranyo cy'abantu bandura Covid-19 ikabaviramo urupfu. Ugendeye kuri ubwo buryo, hari ibihugu bitanu bifite ikigero cy'impfu kiri ku rwego rumwe cyangwa gisumba ikigero rusange cyo ku isi giherutse gutangazwa kiri munsi gato ya 5% bapfa mu bemejwe ko banduye coronavirus. Ibyo bihugu ni: Ariko Dr Githinji Gitahi, ukuriye Amref Health Africa, ikigo kitegamiye kuri leta cyibanda ku bijyanye n'ubuzima, avuga ko ibyo bigero biri hejuru bishobora kuba bigaragaza ko hari ubwandu buri hejuru cyane kurusha ubutangazwa. Anavuga ko bishobora kuba biterwa no kuba muri rusange hari ubushobozi buri hasi bwo gupima. Avuga ko uko ufata ibipimo bicye ari nako ubona umubare uri hasi w'abanduye, rero umubare w'impfu ukagaragara muri rusange ko uri hejuru. OMS ivuga ko gukoresha abagenzuzi mu baturage, aho abajyanama b'ubuzima n'abandi bakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi batangaza abishwe na Covid-19, bishobora kuba ari byo byatumye habaho ikigero cy'impfu kiri hejuru, nk'urugero muri Tchad. U Rwanda mu bihugu 10 biyipima cyane Ibihugu 10 byihariye hafi 80% by'ibipimo bimaze gufatwa. Ibyo ni Afurika y'epfo, Maroc, Ghana, Misiri, Ethiopia, Uganda, Ibirwa bya Maurice, Kenya, Nigeria n'u Rwanda. Hari itandukaniro rigiye ririho ku kigero cy'ibipimo, aho Afurika y'epfo ifata byinshi cyane naho Nigeria igafata bicye muri rusange, nkuko bitangazwa na 'Our World in Data', umushinga wo mu Bwongereza ukusanya amakuru ajyanye na Covid-19. Ku itariki ya 4 y'uku kwezi kwa karindwi, Afurika y'epfo yafashe ibipimo birenga gato 30 kuri buri bantu 1,000, ugereranyije n'abantu 72 bapimwe mu Bwongereza na 105 bapimwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika kuri abo baturage 1,000. Nigeria ipima abantu 0,7 kuri buri bantu 1,000, Ghana igapima 10 naho Kenya igapima 3. Birakwiye kuvuga ko ku bihugu bimwe by'Afurika, bidashoboka kumenya mu buryo nyabwo ibiri kuhabera kubera ko nta mibare ihari cyangwa ihari ikaba ituzuye. Madamu Chiedo Nwankwor, wigisha ibijyanye n'Afurika kuri Kaminuza ya Johns Hopkins muri Amerika, agira ati: "Imibare tugomba kuyigiraho amakenga". Muri Tanzania, Perezida John Magufuli yavuze ko adashira amakenga ukuri kw'ibipimo bya coronavirus byo muri 'laboratoire' y'igihugu. Bwana Magufuli yanemereye igice gito gusa cy'imibare y'ubwandu n'ibipimo bifatwa gutangazwa ku mugaragaro. Muri Guinée équatoriale, leta yagiranye ibibazo n'uhagarariye OMS imushinja gutubura imibare y'abanduye Covid-19. Mu gihe runaka, iki gihugu cyanze gutangaza imibare, ariko ubu noneho cyatangiye kongera kuyitangaza. No muri leta ya Kano mu majyaruguru ya Nigeria, mu mpera y'ukwezi kwa kane hatangajwe ubwiyongere budasanzwe bw'impfu ubwo abantu bagera hafi ku 1,000 bapfaga, ariko na n'ubu leta ntiremeza umubare w'abazize Covid-19 muri abo.