Gutanga igihano c'urupfu canke kugikura mu mategeko vyifashe gute kw'isi?
Ku munsi wahariwe gukura igihano c'urupfu, umunyamabanga mukuru w'ishirahanwe mpuzamakungu ONU, António Guterres, arashima utwigoro tumaze gushikwako mu kurondera kurangiza uwo mugenzo.
Antonio Guterres avuga ko ibihugu 170 vyakuye igihano c'urupfu canke vyahagaritse gutanga canke gushira mu ngiro ico gihano Avuga ati: "Ibihugu 170 vyarakuye igihano c'urupfu canke vyarahagaritse gutanga canke gushira mu ngiro ico gihano". Ku bwa Amnesty International mu 2017, ibihugu 142 vyarakuyeho igihano c'urupfu mu mategeko no mu ngiro. Ivyo avuga kwoba ari ukuri? Mu cegeranyo casohowe n'umunyamabanga mukuru wa ONU agishikiriza akanama ka ONU kajejwe kwubahiriza agateka ka zina muntu mu kwezi kw'icenda uno mwaka, bivugwa ko "ibihugu 170 vyakuye igihano c'urupfu canke vyahagaritse ico gihano mu mategeko canke mu ngiro, canke bihagarika kunyonga abantu ku kiringo kirenga imyaka cumi." Mu gihe ibihugu 193 ari vyo biri mu muryango wa Onu, bino bisigura ko hari ibihugu 23 vyanyonze abantu n'imiburiburi rimwe mu myaka cumi. Amnistie Internationale ivuga ko ibihugu 142 vyakuye igihano c'urupfu mu mategeko canke mu ngiro Onu ivuga ko ivyo bitigiri biva mu makuru yakusanijwe atanzwe n'ibihugu bigize umuryango hamwe n'ibigo biharanira amateka. Naho biri uko, Amnistie Internationale ivuga ko ibihugu 142 vyakuye igihano c'urupfu mu mategeko canke mu ngiro, ariko ko mu myaka itanu irangiye hari ibihugu 33 vyashize mu ngiro igihano c'urupfu n'imiburiburi rimwe. Amnistie ikora ibitigiri vyayo ikoresheje ivy'ibihugu, amakuru y'ibigo vy'itangazamakuru hamwe n'amakuru aturuka ku bantu bakatiwe igihano c'urupfu, ku miryango yabo canke ku babaserukira. Ibihugu bine nivyo vyigaruriye ibice 84% vy'abantu bakatiwe igihano c'urupfu bongera baricwa mu 2017 (Arabie Saoudite, Irak, Pakistani na Irani). Bumwe mu buryo abantu bishwe mu 2017 burimwo kubaca imitwe Ubushinwa ntibwashizwe muri uwo mugwi, aho ibitigiri ari ibanga rya leta. Amnistie ivuga ko Ubushinwa bwica abantu ibihumbi ku mwaka. Uburyo abo bantu bicwamwo mu 2017 bugizwe no kubaca imitwe, kubamanika, kubatera inshinge zica no kubarasa. Ico kigo giharanira agateka ka zina muntu cabaruye amadosiye 2591 y'abakatiwe igihano c'urupfu mu bihugu 53 mu 2017. Mu madosiye amwe amwe ico gihano c'urupfu caragabanuwe, mu bihugu bitifuza kugishira mu ngiro. Ku bwa Amnistie hari: Muri rusangi abantu 23 nibo bishwe hakurikijwe igihano c'urupfu muri Amerika (Amnistie irimwo ibihugu bitanu bitari mu muryango wa Onu). Leta ya Malaisie yarakurikije icipfuzo c'umunyamabanga mukuru wa ONU, ivuga ko igiye gukura igihano c'urupfu. Abantu bashika 1200 bakatiwe igihano c'urupfu muri Malaisie, aho ico gihano gihabwa abishe, abagiye mu rudandazwa rw'ibiyovyabwenge hamwe n'abahemukiye igihugu. Inama nshingamateka yitezwe gusuzuma integuro y'iryo tegeko niyasubira gukorana. Igihugu ca Malaisie nicaramuka gikuye igihano c'urupfu, kizoba gikurikiye ibihugu vya Guinée na Mongolie vyagikuye mu 2017. Umukuru w'igihugu ca Gambie Adama Barrow yakuye ico gihano mu ntango y'uno mwaka. Adama Barrow yakuyeko igihano co gupfa muri Gambia mu ntango z'uno mwaka Ikinyamakuru The Guardian kivuga ko igihano c'urupfu cashizwe ubwa nyuma mu ngiro muri Gambie mu 2012. Mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, inama nshingamateka ya Burkina Faso yaremeje itegeko rikura igihano c'urupfu. Mu mpera z'umwaka w'i 2017, hari ibihugu 20 munsi y'ubugaragwa bwa Sahara vyakuye igihano c'urupfu, nk'uko Amnistie ibishikiriza. Muri rusangi abantu 23 nibo bishwe hakurikijwe igihano c'urupfu muri Amerika, leta ya Washington ikaba yabaye iya 20 ikuye igihano c'urupfu mu kwezi kw'icumi mu 2018. Igitigiri c'ibihugu vyakuye ku mugaragaro igihano c'urupfu cariyongeye kuva kuri 48 mu 1991 gushika ku 106 mu 2017. Ibihugu bine nivyo vyigaruriye ibice 84% vy'abantu bakatiwe igihano c'urupfu Muri ino myaka ya vuba igitigiri c'ibihugu vyashize mu ngiro igihano c'urupfu carakorotse. Ibihugu vyashize mu ngiro igihano c'urupfu hagati y'i 2013 na 2017: Afuganistani, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Biélorussie, Botswana, Tchad, Ubushinwa, Misiri, Guinée Equatoriale, Ubuhindi, Endoneziya, Irani, Iraki, Ubuyapani, Yorodaniya, Koweit, Malaisie, Nigeria, Korea ya Ruguru, Omani, Pakistani, intara za Palestina, Arabie Saoudite, Singapour, Somalia, Sudani Yepfo, Sudani, Taiwan, Thailande, Emirats Arabes Unis, Amerika, Vietnam na Yemeni. Ibihugu 21 bitashize mu ngiro igihano c'urupfu muri iyo myaka naho bitaragikura: Antigua na Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Comoros, Cuba, Republika ya Demokrasi ya Kondo, Dominica, Etiyopiya, Gambia, Guyana, Jamaica, Lebanon, Lesotho, Qatar, Saint Kitts na Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent na Grenadines, Trinidad na Tobago, Uganda na Zimbabwe.