Along with helping some people shed unwanted pounds, the popular low-carbohydrate, high-fat Atkins diet may also have a role in preventing seizures in children with epilepsy, say researchers at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center.
The researchers caution that because of the small number of study subjects, their look at the relationship between the Atkins diet and seizure control should not lead to its routine use in children with epilepsy, nor at this point should the Atkins diet be used to replace the ketogenic diet -- the rigorous high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet already proven to reduce or eliminate difficult-to-control seizures in some patients.
The common elements in both diets are high fat and low carbohydrate foods that alter the body's glucose chemistry. The ketogenic diet mimics some of the effects of starvation, in which the body first uses up glucose and glycogen before burning stored body fat. In the absence of glucose, the body produces ketones, a chemical byproduct of fat that can inhibit seizures. Children who remain seizure-free for two years on the ketogenic diet often can resume normal eating and often their seizures don't return. The Atkins diet, while slightly less restrictive than the ketogenic diet, also produces ketones.
"We just don't know yet how effective the Atkins diet is in reducing seizures or if it comes close to the benefits of the ketogenic diet, but our report raises new questions about the ideal level of calorie and protein restriction imposed by the ketogenic diet," said the study's lead author, Eric Kossoff, M.D., a pediatric neurologist at the Children's Center.
"By learning more about how the Atkins diet works to control seizures, we should learn more about which patients may benefit best from either or both of these diets," he added. "It may be, for example, that some of those who can't tolerate the restrictiveness of the ketogenic diet could be helped with Atkins."
Also, because the Atkins diet was originally designed for weight loss, Kossoff says it is possible patients following the diet to reduce seizures may lose weight in the process. If that does occur, and a patient's weight has reached unhealthy levels, the patient should be instructed to increase calorie intake by eating more fats and proteins.
the six patients attained ketosis (the state of producing ketones) within days of starting the Atkins diet and maintained moderate to large levels of ketosis for periods of six weeks to 24 months.
Kossoff says that Hopkins researchers will further examine the role the Atkins diet plays in the management of epilepsy in a larger clinical study of 20 children with epilepsy, which began in September 2003 and already has enrolled several patients.
Co-authors of the current study were Gregory L. Krauss, Jane R. McGrogan, and John M. Freeman of the Department of Neurology at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.