I4a
Age: 2,124.0 ± 6,112.6; CI=95% (Behar et al., 2012b)
Origin: Undetermined
Variants: A10819G
FTDNA Tree: Link
Parent Branch: I4
Descendant branch(s): I4a1 I4a2
Name: I4a
Age: 21200 to 12600 ybp [95% CI]
Expansion: 15600 to 11400 ybp [95% CI]
Note: This information does not imply an endorsement of YFull or their methods. It is provided at the request of readers.
Haplogroup I4a is a branch on the maternal tree of human kind. The woman who started this branch lived at some point between recent generations and 8,200 years ago (Behar et al., 2012b).
mtDNA Haplogroup I4a Phylotree History
Phylotree.org is the maternal (mtDNA) tree of humanity. It is maintained by Dr. Mannis Van Oven. Each build is a major update to the tree. The current build is #17.
Build#
Variants (Mutations)
14 I4a A10819G Released 5 Apr 2012; First version to use the RSRS
15 I4a A10819G Released 30 Sep 2012
16 I4a A10819G Released 19 Feb 2014
mtDNA Haplogroup I4a Data Sources
GenBank Samples
GenBank is a database of genetic sequence data. It is run by the United States National Institute of Health. It serves as the main repository for mtDNA full sequence profiles. Samples come both from published academic literature and donations from genetic genealogy community members. In addition to GenBank samples, listings below may include other samples published but not submitted to GenBank such as those from the HapMap project.
Note: GenBank results currently use Phylotree build 16. I am working on changing results over to build 17.
Hg ID
Hg BLD16
Hg YFull
Missing Variants
Additional Variants
Hap5001267 Behar et al., 2012b I4a I4a* none I4a:309.1C, 315.1C, 523-524d, 11563A
Hap5001315 Behar et al., 2012b I4a I4a* none I4a:315.1C, 523-524d, 8886
Hap5001727 Behar et al., 2012b I4a I4a* none I4a:315.1C, 523-524d
Hap5004661 Behar et al., 2012b I4a I4a* I4a:573.1XC I4a:315.1C, 523-524d, 8886
Hap5004872 Behar et al., 2012b I4a I4a* I4a:573.1XC I4a:315.1C, 523-524d, 572.1TCCCC
Hap5005375 Behar et al., 2012b I4a I4a* I4a:9540, 16189 I4a:309.1C, 315.1C
Hap5007204 - Greenspan et al., 2006 - 2016 I4a - none I4a:315.1C, 523-524d, 16192
Hap5008272 - Greenspan et al., 2006 - 2016 I4a - none I4a:93, 309.1C, 315.1C, 523-524d, 6221, 11075, 13710
Hap5008645 - Greenspan et al., 2006 - 2016 I4a - none I4a:309.1C, 315.1C
Hap5008699 Russia Fernandes et al., 2012 I4a I4a* none I4a:309.1C, 315.1C, 7874, 15323, 16294, 16519
Hap5009541 Herrnstadt et al., 2002 I4a I4a I4a:146, 152, 195, 199, 204, 247, 250, 573.1XC, 16187, 16189, 16230, 16278, 16311, 16391 I4a:1-576d, 1438, 5656, 7762, 8697, 12083G, 14861, 16024-16569d
Hap5012810 Italy Raule et al., 2014 I4a I4a* none I4a:309.1CC, 315.1C, 3199, 10742, 16093, 16292
Hap5013020 Denmark Raule et al., 2014 I4a I4a3a I4a:573.1XC I4a:315.1C, 574C, 4056, 5465, 11016, 14839
Hap5013233 Denmark Raule et al., 2014 I4a I4a* I4a:573.1XC I4a:119, 121, 150, 315.1C
Hap5014213 Sequeira et al., 2015 I4a I4a* I4a:573.1XC I4a:315.1C, 523-524d
Hap5021223 Italy Olivieri et al., 2013 I4a I4a* none I4a:309.1C, 315.1C, 12495, 16111G
Behar, D.M., van Oven, M., Rosset, S., Metspalu, M., Loogväli, E.L., Silva, N.M., Kivisild, T., Torroni, A. and Villems, R. (2012). A "Copernican" reassessment of the human mitochondrial DNA tree from its root. American journal of human genetics, 90(4), 675-684.
Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2011). MitoTool: a web server for the analysis and retrieval of human mitochondrial DNA sequence variations. Mitochondrion, 11(2), 351-356.
Fan, L., & Yao, Y. G. (2013). An update to MitoTool: using a new scoring system for faster mtDNA haplogroup determination. Mitochondrion, 13(4), 360-363.
Fernandes, Veronica; Alshamali, Farida; Alves, Marco; Costa, Marta D.; Pereira, Joana B.; Silva, Nuno M.; Cherni, Lotfi; Harich, Nourdin; Cerny, Viktor; Soares, Pedro; Richards, Martin B. & Pereira, Luisa (2012). The Arabian Cradle: Mitochondrial Relicts of the First Steps along the Southern Route out of Africa. American journal of human genetics, 90(2), 347-355.
FamilyTreeDNA & Greenspan (2006). Sequences Directly Submited by FamilyTreeDNA on Customers' Behalf. , -, -.
Herrnstadt, Corinna; Elson, Joanna L.; Fahy, Eoin; Preston, Gwen; Turnbull, Douglass M.; Anderson, Christen; Ghosh, Soumitra S.; Olefsky, Jerrold M.; Beal, M. Flint; Davis, Robert E. & Howell, Neil (2002). Reduced-median-network analysis of complete mitochondrial DNA coding-region sequences for the major African, Asian, and European haplogroups. American journal of human genetics, 70(5), 1152-1171.
Olivieri, A., Pala, M., Gandini, F., Kashani, B.H., Perego, U.A., Woodward, S.R., Grugni, V., Battaglia, V., Semino, O., Achilli, A. and Richards, M.B. (2013). Mitogenomes from Two Uncommon Haplogroups Mark Late Glacial/Postglacial Expansions from the Near East and Neolithic Dispersals within Europe. PLoS ONE, 8(7), e70492.
Raule, N., Sevini, F., Li, S., Barbieri, A., Tallaro, F., Lomartire, L., Vianello, D., Montesanto, A., Moilanen, J.S., Bezrukov, V. and Blanché, H. (2014). The co-occurrence of mtDNA mutations on different oxidative phosphorylation subunits, not detected by haplogroup analysis, affects human longevity and is population specific. Aging cell, 13(3), 401-407.
Sequeira, A., Rollins, B., Magnan, C., van Oven, M., Baldi, P., Myers, R.M., Barchas, J.D., Schatzberg, A.F., Watson, S.J., Akil, H. and Bunney, W.E. (2015). Mitochondrial Mutations in Subjects with Psychiatric Disorders. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0127280.
Van Oven, M., & Kayser, M. (2009). Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation. Human mutation, 30(2), E386-E394.
Ian Logan's mtDNA Pages
Ian Logan's Instructions for mtGenome Genbank Donation
James Lick's mtDNA Utility
The FTDNA Haplogroup Project for Haplogroup I
The Wikipedia Article for Haplogroup I
mtDNA Consultants
The following members of the community offer paid consulting for those seeking help with mtDNA results. Inclusion on this list is not a recommendation or endorsement of any service.
DNA Explorers – Robert Sliwinski
Genetic Genealogy Consultant – Ugo Perego
Your DNA Guide – Diahan Southard
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