evidence: 2 Meaning of Secularism in India: the Evolution and Form of the Doctrine of ‘Essential Practices’ in India [...] Ofrit Liviatan, in his understanding of secularism in India, offers an interesting contradictory dualism between state neutrality and state intervention. While it protects religious freedoms (recognized as an individual and a collective right), it also interferes to do away with religious practices that are traditional but do not help in propelling social change.55 He points out that the Indian judiciary has not shied away from introducing "innovative judicial constructions",56 despite them attracting results because of the concomitant contradictions and conflicts. This "self-described "visionary" doctrine" thus separates ‘essential’ from ‘non-essential’, with state intervention in the form of regulation being introduced only in the latter case.57