evidence: The UN-mediated ceasefire did not resolve the conflict by any means. The military organizations of both states continued to grow, and their suspicions of one another grew with them. In 1951, during negotiations over demilitarizing Kashmir, each accused the other of warmongering and concentrating their armies on the Indo-Pakistan border.1 China is also a claimant of 15 percent of Kashmir (Ladakh) and carried out a one-month war against India over the territory in 1962. This war ended in a ceasefire and an establishment of a second line of control in Kashmir (which came to be known as the Line of Actual Control [LAC]).2 [...] On 1 May 2023, protests in Pakistan-administered Kashmir (commemorating the 75th anniversary of the entrance of the Pakistan Army into the 1947 war), devolved into riots, and a subsequent militant action to cross the LAC into Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.9 The night of protests seem to have served as cover for the covert action, thought to be carried out by Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), designated as a terrorist group by a number of countries and international organizations, including the United States and the United Nations.