evidence: Beijing disputes most demarcations with India, despite three border agreements in 1993, 1996 and 2013. In 2017, the PRC had a 73-day standoff with India at Doklam that was the most critical in decades until the PLA incursion and occupation in May 2020 of swaths of land in the eastern part of India’s Union Territory of Ladakh at the northwestern LAC. Also, the only full-fledged war between the two countries lasted a month in 1962, in which the PLA seized the 37,244-square-kilometer, high-altitude desert called Aksai Chin, which India claims as part of Ladakh. Following the 2017 skirmish in Doklam, the PLA constructed military infrastructure and permanently deployed troops there. [...] In November 2020, the PRC built a village 2 kilometers inside Bhutan and just 9 kilometers from the site of the India-China standoff in Doklam. The confrontation was triggered by the PRC’s attempt to extend a road in an area claimed by Bhutan, which has had a Treaty of Perpetual Peace and Friendship with India since 1949, a pact renewed in 2007. About 60,000 Indian nationals live in Bhutan, with an additional 8,000 to 10,000 visiting the country of about 780,000 daily from border towns to work.