evidence: At the beginning of January 2004, the health services of French Guiana (Directorate of Health and Social Development) were informed by the Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology at Hospital of Cayenne (Cayenne, French Guiana) of 5 cases of multivisceral toxoplasmosis in adults, including 1 case that resulted in death and 2 cases of lethal congenital toxoplasmosis (in 1 fetus and 1 newborn). All of the patients resided in the village of Patam. This small, rural Surinamese village, located near the French Guianan border between the Maroni River (∼1 km from the village) and the Surinamese frontier town of Albina (∼5 km from the village), is surrounded by the Amazonian forest. Thirty-four Maroon persons belonging to the same family were living in the village. The eldest inhabitants were 2 sisters living with their descendents. The first 4 patients (including 2 pregnant women) were hospitalized in the French hospital of Saint-Laurent-du Maroni (Saint-Laurent-du Maroni, French Guiana). A serological diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis was made on the basis of a high level of anti-Toxoplasma IgG, presence of IgM, and low avidity (<30%) of IgG anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. At the same time, a fifth patient from Patam was admitted to the hospital in Paramaribo, Suriname.