evidence: Ladakh, union territory of India, located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the vicinity of the Karakoram and westernmost Himalayan mountain ranges. It is bounded by Jammu and Kashmir union territory to the west and by Himachal Pradesh to the south; its northern and eastern borders are disputed with Pakistan and China, respectively. Ladakh was administered as part of Jammu and Kashmir state from 1947 until 2019, when it became a separate administrative unit. Area 22,836 square miles (59,146 square km). Pop. (2011) 274,289; (est. 2023) 300,000. [...] Ladakh has been the site of border conflict between India and Pakistan since the ceasefire agreement of 1949, which divided control of the region between the two countries. The deadliest skirmish has been the Kargil War of 1999; Pakistani fighters eventually withdrew from the Indian-held territory that they had infiltrated. The Siachen Glacier, located in the Karakoram Range, is claimed by both countries. Part of the boundary of Ladakh is the subject of dispute between India and China, which has administered portions of northeastern Ladakh since the Sino-Indian War of 1962. There has been no resolution of the dispute; Indian and Chinese soldiers clashed in the Galwan River valley region in 2020.