evidence: The populations of the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) depend on a variety of livelihoods, the most common of which are fishing, farming, bee keeping, trade, quarrying and the mining of sand, gold and other minerals. The exploitation of natural resources is closely defined by livelihood systems, cultural practices and property rights. Tanzania’s land belongs to the state and customary rights are recognized, while in Kenya, agricultural land is largely privately owned with clear title deeds. In Uganda, land is held under a customary system, with patrilineal rules of inheritance (UNEP 2006). The rich cultural heritage of the Basin is demonstrated by the many cultural sites that are spread throughout the Basin. These include Kyaya and Bunukangoma in Tanzania. A special type of soil, known as inoni , which resembles ash, is found in Kyaya and is used in the inauguration of chiefs. The Luo and Abasuba of Kenya have their own cultural sites, including Simbi Nyaima, Nyamgondho, Lwanda Magere, Kit Mikayi and Thim Iye Lich Ohinga. Islands such as Atego, Ringiti and Mbasa na Muole, and Nyama ni Ware are also revered cultural sites.