evidence: BRUNEI DARUSSALAM is a small, but extremely wealthy, Sultanate situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Oil is at the heart of the Sino-Brunei dispute: "Hydrocarbon resources within its jurisdiction are estimated to run out in about 25 years, and Brunei is therefore keen to expand its sovereignty over oil rich areas." Depending on exactly how the PRC's nine-dashed line map is portrayed, Beijing claims as much as 12,600 nm2 (43,272 km2) of territory in Brunei's EEZ. This overlap includes Louisa Reef and Rifleman Bank in the Spratly islands. [...] Since resolving its problems with Malaysia, Brunei's continuing SCS dispute is principally with the PRC, ROC, and Vietnam. China claims "indisputable sovereignty" over all of the Spratlys, yet to date has not lodged a full submission with the United Nations CLCS, so its exact sovereignty claims remains unclear. This chapter will examine Brunei's claims in the South China Sea first. [...] Contained within Brunei's EEZ and continental shelf claim are two features generally considered to be part of the Spratlys: 1) Louisa Reef (Terumbu Semarang Barat Kecil in Malay and Nan Tong Jiao in Chinese) and 2) Rifleman Bank (Bai Vung May in Vietnamese, Nanwei Tan in Chinese).