evidence: Effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccines against COVID-19-related symptoms, hospitalization and death in England [...] The long-term follow-up of the COVE study adds evidence that primary vaccination and boosting with mRNA-1273 provided immunogenicity and effectiveness in protection against both COVID-19 and severe COVID-19 with an acceptable safety profile, including during emergent variant waves through April 7, 2023, regardless of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results are consistent with the substantial benefits achieved through global vaccination and booster immunization with safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines in controlling the pandemic and restoring lifestyles to pre-pandemic times7,8,9,10. Continual monitoring of variants and updates of COVID-19 vaccines are essential for limiting the spread of future SARS-CoV-2 infections and ensuring pandemic preparedness. [...] Stowe, J., Andrews, N., Kirsebom, F., Ramsay, M. & Bernal, J. L. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against omicron and delta hospitalisation, a test negative case-control study. Nat. Commun.13, 5736 (2022).