evidence: Chanakya is traditionally identified with Kautilya and Vishnugupta, the author of the Arthaśhāstra, an encyclopedic work on political economy and government.[2] Some scholars have called Chanakya "the pioneer economist of the world"[3] and the "the Indian Machiavelli."[4] [...] At the time of Alexander's invasion, Chanakya was a teacher at Taxila University. The king of Taxila and Gandhara, Ambhi (also known as Taxiles), made a treaty with Alexander and did not fight against him. Chanakya saw the foreign invasion as a threat to Indian culture and sought to inspire other kings to unite and fight Alexander. The Mudrarakshasa of Visakhadutta as well as the Jaina work Parisishtaparvan talk of Chandragupta's alliance with the Himalayan king Parvatka, sometimes identified with Porus, a king of Punjab.[7] Porus (Parvateshwar) was the only local king who was able to challenge Alexander at the Battle of the Hydaspes River, but was defeated. [...] Chanakya, a television series directed by Chandra Prakash Dwivedi, was screened in India in 1990, to wide critical acclaim.