evidence: The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are both available under emergency use authorization (EUA) for children over 6 months of age. This means that the benefits of vaccination outweigh any risks, and there is a substantial amount of data that shows the vaccines are safe and effective for children. But it is not clear whether the vaccine doses given to children are as effective as they could be and whether children respond to vaccination the same way that adults do. In a small study supported by the National Cancer Institute; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, researchers examined children after their COVID-19 vaccinations to learn more about their immune response. [...] This research helps show how children respond to vaccination and infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The findings suggest that giving children a higher dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine might allow them to recruit more of their immune system to fight an infection.