evidence: At half past three in the morning on September 10, 2014, Indian forces found that Chinese troops had deployed heavy machinery to construct a temporary road inside Indian territory. Over the next twenty-four hours, Indian troops kept a watch on the 300 PLA soldiers, who after the initial road cutting activity, were camped in the area. Chumar, the last village in Ladakh, bordering Himachal Pradesh, has been a bone of contention, with China claiming it to be its own territory. At a height of around 15,000 feet, generally known as 30R, Chumar offers a vantage point at the apex of a ridge that gives the Indian troops a clear view of Chinese movements. The Chinese side wanted India to vacate the height, alter the frontier, and claim the area known as Tible-Mane. A journalist reported that some sources in the Indian army were puzzled by China opening up a "front" in Chumar for two reasons. First, Chumar had been undisputed till about 2013. Second, and more importantly, the frontier along Tible-Mane is recognized as the International Boundary and not as the LAC.