evidence: The study domain (a) Central Asia and (b) the Tashkent, Syrdarya, and Jizzakh regions, the Ferghana Valley regions of Uzbekistan, the Sughd region of Tajikistan, and the South Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan. The map was created using ArcMap 10.8 obtained from website https://desktop.arcgis.com/. [...] Our study characterized one of the strongest dust storms in the history of Central Asia, which occurred on November 4, 2021, using a set of high-resolution TROPOMI UVAI spaceborne observations, ground-based aerosol measurements, and Lagrangian particle modelling. Most notably, the severe dust storm driven by the front part of the cold polar anticyclone front from the Ural–Volga regions hit the central and eastern parts of Uzbekistan on the evening of November 4, 2021, growing under favorable weather conditions into the worst since the country started keeping meteorological records in 1871. For the first time, we identified two plumes, which had spread out and a thick haze blanketed the central and eastern parts of Uzbekistan. Tashkent (the capital of Uzbekistan) and the Fergana Valley region of Uzbekistan were found to be the most affected by the severe dust storm. The ground-based observations at airports in the storm’s influence indicated that the visibility range plummeted down to 200 m as a very thick atmospheric dust layer was developed. In Tashkent, PM10 concentrations rose to 18,000 µg/m3, thereby exhibiting 260-fold exceedances, compared to the local long-term average value.