evidence: Did you know that there are countries without rivers? This article explores how these nations, including Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and others, meet their water needs through innovative solutions like desalination, groundwater management, and rainwater harvesting. [...] Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia lacks permanent rivers due to its geographical and climatic conditions, primarily the scarcity of rainfall. As a predominantly desert region, Saudi Arabia experiences an extremely hot and dry climate, resulting in minimal rainfall. Approximately 95% of the country is desert. Rainfall in Saudi Arabia is generally scarce, with an average annual precipitation of less than 100 millimetres. This lack of rainfall prevents the formation of water streams. Even when it does rain, the water evaporates within hours. Saudi Arabia primarily relies on groundwater and desalination (the process of removing salt from seawater) to meet its water needs. By converting seawater into potable water, they fulfill the water requirements of their population. Saudi Arabia does have temporary water streams known as "wadis." These wadis flow only during the rainy season and dry up within a short period after the rains subside. [...] Qatar: This small but wealthy nation on the Arabian Peninsula lacks rivers. The country's water supply comes almost entirely from desalination plants, which provide over 99% of its drinking water. Qatar has one of the highest per capita water consumption rates globally. To promote water conservation, the government conducts frequent awareness programs for its citizens and encourages investments in water-saving technologies.