evidence: Department (CID) and the Terrorist Investigation Department (TID) were all involved. Cases involving Tamils in custody were reported not just in battleground areas of northern Sri Lanka, such as Vavuniya, the Vanni region, and the Jaffna peninsula, but in Boosa and Kaluthara prisons in western Sri [...] Since the end of the armed conflict, other Tamils, living abroad, returned to Sri Lanka only to be arrested immediately or soon after arrival, and they too have been subjected to torture, including rape, while in custody. A number of these were questioned about alleged activities abroad, including peaceful criticism of the Sri Lankan government. For instance, YN, 46, was deported to Sri Lanka in January 2010. He told Human Rights Watch he was picked up by CID officials as soon as he cleared immigration at the Colombo’s international airport, and taken to the fourth floor of CID headquarters where he was detained for two or three days before being transferred to Joseph camp in Vavuniya. He said he was repeatedly beaten, tortured, and raped at Joseph camp.