evidence: —Shah Nawaz Khan, 19461 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [...] But the Japanese kept the INA alive for its propaganda value against the British, and parachuted in Subhas Chandra Bose (no relation to Rash Behari Bose) to lead it. Bose was a renowned Indian nationalist leader with wide name-recognition among Indians and a political status on par with that of other major Indian leaders, like Jawaharlal Nehru. Bose had famously broken with them over ideology and tactics—he favored using armed violence. He saw himself in the same light as romantic European nationalists of the previous century, such as Giuseppe Garibaldi of Italy, and seized upon the principle devised by the ancient Indian philosopher Kautilya (fl. fourth century BCE) that "the enemy of your enemy is your friend." 5 Bose fled to Nazi Germany in 1940, and formed the Legion Freies Indien (Free India Legion) to liberate India. For this legion, he recruited Indian prisoners of war (IPOWs) whom the Germans had captured in North Africa. By mid-1942,