evidence: The 2020 peace accord was brokered by Russia, and included an agreement that seven districts adjacent to Karabakh that were integrated into augmented Armenia after the 1994 cease fire would be returned to Azerbaijan. Karabakh lost substantially more of its croplands than the area that was recaptured by Azerbaijan. The area of augmented Armenia delineated after the 1994 cease fire was approximately 1683 km2. The smaller area of Soviet era Nagorno-Karabakh was 4495 km2, with 4262 km2 within the line of contact after the cease fire of 1994. After the 2020 conflict, the remaining area of Karabakh was reduced to approximately 3259 km2, shrinking the entire area under Armenian control by about 72% and shrinking Nagorno-Karabakh by about 24%. [...] The revised 2020 territorial boundaries also create trade and transit problems. Much of the Karabakh region has been cut off from Armenia but is not yet integrated into the economy or polity of Azerbaijan. According to de Waal, Azerbaijan’s President Aliyev "has indicated that he intends to keep up a policy of isolating Karabakh from the outside world and severing its political connections with Armenia" (2021). Armenia has also refused to surrender some land claimed by Azerbaijan, including seven villages in the Kazakh District (de Waal 2021). There have been reports of widespread destruction of Armenian churches, cemeteries and cultural monuments in the Nakhichevan region as well as in reclaimed areas of Karabakh (Isayev 2022; Maghakyan 2022; Nutt 2022).