evidence: An entirely different approach, based on more than 1,000 years of Atlantic hurricane activity as inferred from paleoclimate indicators (pre-historic geologic records) find century-scale shifts in regional activity, but no clear indicator of unusually high activity during the past century in comparison to the 1,000+ year reconstruction (Wallace et al 2021; Yang et al. 2024). Similarly, Winkler et al. (2023) suggests that hurricanes near the Bahamaian Archipelago in the western Atlantic occurred more frequently during the Little Ice Age (from about 1300-1850 CE) than over the observed period since 1850 CE. This finding is important since the anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing of climate was much weaker during the Little Ice Age than in the more industrialized period since 1850 CE. [...] An increase in the upper-limit intensity of hurricanes with global warming was suggested on theoretical grounds by M.I.T. Professor Kerry Emanuel in 1987. In the late 1990s, Knutson, Tuleya, and Kurihara at GFDL/NOAA began simulating samples of hurricanes from both the present-day climate and from a greenhouse-gas warmed climate. This was done by "telescoping-in" on coarsely resolved tropical storms in GFDL’s global climate model using the high-resolution GFDL hurricane prediction model (Figure 16). A research report describing this work was published in Science (1998), with a more detailed paper in Climate Dynamics (1999, vol. 15). All of these studies, as well as our more recent ones, include the moderating effect of atmospheric stabilization aloft under high CO2 conditions, rather than simply increasing the sea surface temperature alone.