evidence: The text’s attribution to Eastwood is a recent invention. The words apparently have been falsely attributed to others before him. For instance, sometime on or around May 3, 2019, the actual text of the aforementioned meme appeared as an "article" on Frontpage Magazine titled "Why I Stick My Neck Out For Trump." Though the article is no longer on that outlet’s website, copy-pasted versions remain elsewhere that attributed authorship to David Makovsky, a fellow at The Washington Institute and director of their Project on Arab-Israel Relations. [...] Later, in October 2019, social media posts began presenting the essay as having been "tweeted by Clint Eastwood." This is an especially dubious scenario. Eastwood, a prominent Hollywood conservative who frequently has right-wing talking points falsely attributed to him on social media, does not have a Twitter — or any other social media — account. In 2016, Eastwood’s daughter, Morgan Eastwood, called out a Twitter account for impersonating her dad, stating that the actor "would not know how to use social media." She reiterated this point in 2018, explicitly stating her dad has no social media presence of any kind. Because of multiple false claims of authorship for the essay, and because its attribution to Eastwood requires a social media account that does not exist, we rank the claim that Eastwood authored "Why I Stick My Neck Out For Trump" as "False."