evidence: Kuwait has a hyper arid desert climate that is highly variable with recurrent extremes. The climate is marked by four distinct seasons, with long, hot and dry summers and short winters. Maximum daily temperatures can reach 45°C during summer in which there is no rainfall. Rainfall is concentrated in the winter and spring months. Rainfall totals are highly variable from year to year, and drought is a recurrent phenomenon. The average annual rainfall is typically approximately 112 millimeters (mm) per year and varies from 75 to 150 mm/yr. The annual recorded rainfall levels at Kuwait International Airport have been as low as 34.4 mm and as high as 218 mm, while a level of 319.5 mm was recorded in Umm Al-Maradim Island in October 2013.