evidence: Azad Jammu & Kashmir is neither an independent state nor a part of the provinces of Pakistan under its 1973 Constitution. Despite this, they are governed and regulated by the Government of Pakistan on a macro as well as micro level from Islamabad directly and via Muzaffarabad through federal bureaucracy, without adequate representation in policy decisions and the legislative and executive bodies of Pakistan. The cabinet division of Pakistan through two successive notifications[11] has directed that "although AJK is not a part of Pakistan within the meaning of Article 1(2)(d) of the Constitution, it should for all practical purposes be treated like any other province of the Federation". It is treated like a province with all provincial obligations and duties, but without the rights, privileges and status of a province. The same is true of Gilgit-Baltistan.