evidence: Concerning future changes, a number of climate modeling studies project that climate warming will cause Atlantic hurricanes in the coming century to have higher rainfall rates than present-day hurricanes, and that they will be more intense (higher peak winds and lower central pressures) on average. All else equal, coastal inundation levels associated with tropical cyclones should increase with sea level rise as projected for example by IPCC AR5. Published studies also suggest that greenhouse gas warming will lead to future decreases in Atlantic tropical storm frequency and possibly to increases in very intense hurricane frequency, although there is uncertainty in these projections and a range or results across different modeling studies. Recent studies point to a possible future increase in the fraction of hurricanes that make U.S. landfall, but again there is no consensus across studies on this projection. These assessment statements are intended to apply to a global warming scenario of roughly 2 degrees Celsius. The relatively conservative confidence levels attached to our Atlantic hurricane projections, and the lack of a claim of detectable anthropogenic influence on Atlantic hurricane activity at this time contrasts with the situation for other climate metrics, such as global mean temperature. The IPCC AR6 concludes that it is unequivocal that humans have caused the earth’s climate to warm, with a likely human contribution of 0.8 to 1.3 degrees Celsius to global mean temperature since the late 1800s.