evidence: As per the facts of the present matter, Dr. Shashi Tharoor addressed the audience at the Bangalore Literature Festival on 28-10-2018 and made a defamatory comment wherein he quoted lines from the article of an unnamed RRS source which had been published by the Caravan magazine and said that "Mr. Modi is like a scorpion sitting on a Shivling; you cannot remove him with your hand, and you cannot hit it with a chappal either." Dr. Shashi Tharoor went on to support the statement with his own opinions as well. [...] It was said that the statement was stated to have been made to defame Narendra Modi, hurt the sentiments of crores of devotees of Lord Shiva, lower the credit and image of the VP of BJP, RSS, and tarnish the image of BJP in the eyes of the general public. [...] The Court found it crucial to notice that the article in Caravan did not name any source that Dr. Shashi Tharoor had relied upon. Further, he mentioned the name of ‘Mr. Modi’ as the person who was referred to by the RSS leader concerned even though the excerpt from the magazine did not reveal any such name. It was also said that the understanding of the metaphor was exemplified by Dr. Shashi Tharoor by linking the statement with the complex dynamics that existed between the Hindutva movement and the ‘Moditva’ expression of it.