evidence: - Although the argument has also been made in Japan that the "Kurile Islands" is the name given to the 18 islands from Shumushu to Uruppu that were ceded to Japan under the Treaty for the Exchange of Sakhalin for the Kurile Islands of 1875 and is not synonymous with the "Chishima Islands," this paper will refer to the "Chishima Islands (Kurile Islands)" or simply the "Kurile Islands" in accordance with the provisions of the Peace Treaty. The spelling "Kuril/Kurils" is used only in direct quotations.