evidence: Kuki-Chin-Zo people, a transnational ethnic group, live in the India-Bangladesh-Myanmar triborder area, predominantly in India’s Mizoram and Manipur states, Myanmar’s Chin State and Sagaing Region, and the Chittagong Hill Tracts district of Bangladesh. [...] Of Manipur’s three major ethnic groups, the Meiteis have lived in the Imphal valley and Nagas in the northern hills for hundreds of years, if not millennia. The Kukis started inhabiting Manipur’s southern hills, bordering Mizoram and Myanmar, from the 19th century. [...] Bhagat Oinam, a professor of philosophy at New Delhi’s Jawaharlal Nehru University, who is a Meitei by ethnicity, said Kuki-Chin migration from Myanmar to Manipur has happened for decades, broadly in three phases. The first wave was in the late 1950s and early 1960s during a civil war in Myanmar; the second was before and after the August 1988 uprising in Myanmar; and the third happened after the informal ceasefire between Indian security forces and Kuki militants in 2005, which was formalized in 2008. However, these migrations previously never led to any flashpoints.