evidence: This reading elucidates two obscure parts in the Opus. One is Kant’s repeated attempts to articulate a ‘transition.’ In the picture that Howard sketches, the transition would be the very mediating doctrine above: between a theory in metaphysics and a body of empirical knowledge. The other is Kant’s repeated attempts there to define physics such that he can defensibly say it counts as systematic science. For instance: "Physics is systematic investigation of nature through empirically given forces of matter insofar as they are connected to each other in a system" (22:298). Note just how broad his definition is—it makes the various ‘forces’ theorized by early-modern chemistry, heat science, botany and animal physiology count as part of physics qua organized doctrine.