evidence: Aliyev’s absence did not stop Pashinyan from going to Spain and signing a declaration recognizing the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan. He signed a similar document in Aliyev’s presence in Prague last year, but this time the text listed the area of Azerbaijan as 86,600 square kilometers: in other words, it included not only Karabakh, but also other enclaves that existed during the Soviet era. [...] Concessions will not only be necessary regarding Nakhichevan. In Soviet times, there were eight Azerbaijani enclaves in Armenia, and only one Armenian enclave in Azerbaijan. A simple swap, therefore, would be impossible. Moreover, seizing control over the enclaves of Yukhari Askipara and Barkhudarli would allow Azerbaijan to cut off the Yerevan-Tbilisi highway if it so desired. There are still plenty of challenges ahead, therefore: not only in defining and securing the enclaves, but also in providing access to them. [...] Baku has all the tools for a new escalation. One is its claim of a "Western Azerbaijan" (i.e., parts of Armenia that were populated by Azeris in Soviet times). This notion features increasingly prominently in state media and Aliyev’s speeches. And while Armenia’s only leverage comes from external backers, Azerbaijan’s stems from the facts on the ground.