evidence: This requires no special software or technical skills – just a willingness to upload an old video of a missile attack or other arresting image, and describe it as new footage. Another low-tech option is to stage or pose actions or events and present them as reality. This was the case with destroyed vehicles that Russia claimed were bombed by Ukraine. Using a particular lens or vantage point can also change how the scene looks and can be used to deceive. A tight shot of people, for example, can make it hard to gauge how many were in a crowd, compared with an aerial shot. Taking things further still, Photoshop or equivalent software can be used to add or remove people or objects from a scene, or to crop elements out from a photograph. An example of object addition is the below photograph, which purports to show construction machinery outside a kindergarten in eastern Ukraine. The satirical text accompanying the image jokes about the "calibre of the construction machinery" – the author suggesting that reports of damage to buildings from military ordinance are exaggerated or untrue. Close inspection reveals this image was digitally altered to include the machinery.