evidence: On Sept. 29, 1994, the U.S. Air Force issued a six-month permit to the Department of the Army to use Wake Island. Perhaps best known for its role in World War II, Wake Island was a U.S. Territory with no permanent residents. The small coral and limestone atoll, which measures only 2.9 square miles, was nevertheless equipped with some of the necessary infrastructure. In addition, at a distance of 1,443 kilometers from Kwajalein Missile Range, Wake Island was an ideal venue. [...] Using the Starbird facilities constructed in the 1980s, Wake Island would support the Theater Missile Defense Critical Measurements Program and serve as a launch venue for Theater Missile Defense, or TMD test programs, launching target missiles toward the U.S. Army's Kwajalein Missile Range located in the Republic of the Marshall Islands.