evidence: Death counts from COVID-19 may be underestimated due to variability in testing access/utilization, non-random testing, lack of consistent reporting on death certificates, or misclassification of cause of death. Analyses of excess deaths from all-causes can overcome these challenges and estimate the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality7. Excess deaths, defined as the difference between the observed number of deaths and the expected number for a given place and time period, also provide a consistent and comparable metric across countries, independent of baseline levels of mortality8,9. However, the methods or models used to estimate excess mortality often vary, making comparisons between regions using different methods difficult. [...] Every week, 25 European countries or subnational areas (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, England [United Kingdom], Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland [United Kingdom], Norway, Portugal, Scotland [United Kingdom], Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Wales [United Kingdom]) adjust their data for delay in registration (primarily affecting the most recent 6 weeks) and run local analyses of excess deaths from all causes13. Aggregated data by week and age group are sent to the EuroMOMO hub at Statens Serum Institut, Denmark. At the hub, data are pooled11 to provide European estimates of weekly expected numbers of deaths and excess numbers of deaths, from all causes13. Data from 2015 through December 31, 2021 were used.