evidence: Danielides: Rare cases of myocarditis reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) have occurred after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna), especially in male adolescents and young adults, more often after the second dose, usually within several days after vaccination. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and its partners are actively monitoring reports of myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination. Active monitoring includes reviewing data and medical records and evaluating the relationship to COVID-19 vaccination. In a very large case-control study of vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination in Israel, the vaccination was association with a very small increased risk of myocarditis. Although the risk related to vaccination may up to 3 times higher than the general population, the risks of developing myocarditis or pericarditis due to COVID-19 itself are up to 35 times higher.Q: How does the risk for myocarditis or pericarditis associated with SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines compare with the risk associated with COVID-19? [...] Shah: For the most part, myocarditis and pericarditis associated with vaccination are mild, and self-limiting. These symptoms are expected to occur within a few days (myocarditis) or few weeks (pericarditis) after the vaccination (generally the second dose but can happen also after the first dose). People with myocarditis or pericarditis after vaccination typically will not have the fever or respiratory symptoms seen with COVID-19Q: How serious are myocarditis or pericarditis after SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccination?