evidence: China has made considerable efforts in cervical cancer prevention since the late 1990s (fig 1). In 2023, the central government put forward the Action Plan for Accelerating Elimination of Cervical Cancer (2023-2030).3 As part of the Healthy China Initiative, a nationwide campaign launched by authorities in 2019 to promote overall national health, several pilot healthy cities have initiated demonstration programmes for eliminating cervical cancer, including health education and local government funded HPV vaccination for girls aged 9 to 14 years. By the end of 2022, 8 of 11 pilot cities (including Ordos, Chengdu, and Jinan) with free or financial compensation policies for HPV vaccination had achieved vaccination coverage of 80% or higher among targeted girls.4