evidence: Karabakh is not transferred to Armenia but is given some degree of genuine autonomy in Azerbaijan, perhaps accompanied by some measures to give national groups living outside their national "homelands" expanded cultural and economic rights. The party leadership clearly prefers to place changes in Nagorno-Karabakh's status in the broader context of changes in nationality policy in general. [...] Karabakh. But the Armenians regarded it as rightful- ly theirs both because of ethnic composition (over- whelmingly Armenian) and because of its special place in their national history. At first, Moscow awarded Karabakh to the Armenians, but when Tur- key expressed opposition to a large Armenian republic on its borders, Lenin in 1921 agreed to reduce the size of Armenia. In 1923, Stalin shifted Karabakh (re- named Nagorno-Karabakh) and Nakhichevan'- another disputed territory-back to Azerbaijan. [...] Reconfiguration of Nagorno-Karabakh. If all else fails, another possibility would be to split the Nagor- no-Karabakh region between the two republics, trans- ferring areas with predominantly Armenian popula- tion to Armenia, and leaving predominantly Azeri areas in Azerbaijan. This possibility has not yet been raised by any of the parties involved in the territorial dispute, but there is historical precedent for such a reconfiguration of the oblast. Nagorno-Karabakh was much larger between 1923 and 1930 and at one point was contiguous to Armenia. This solution would be difficult to implement, however, because in some areas the population is so mixed that no redrawing of the map would be satisfactory to everyone. Most speakers at the Supreme Soviet session, in fact, explicitly rejected this sort of an approach.