evidence: While many public and private sector organizations are involved in affordable housing efforts in Milwaukee, city government plays a major role. City programs are designed to maintain and increase the availability of affordable rental and owner-occupied housing, strengthen homeownership, and improve the quality of the city’s housing stock, among other objectives. The city also launched an initiative in 2018 that aims to develop or improve 10,000 housing units within 10 years. [...] The city of Milwaukee operates its housing programs alongside those provided by the independent local housing authority (HACM), Milwaukee County, and the state of Wisconsin. City programs help to expand the supply of affordable housing (including by encouraging the renovation and reuse of city-owned foreclosed properties), help renters become homeowners, and assist low-income homeowners with home repair needs (Figure 1). The city is not involved in rent assistance. [...] The city has prioritized affordable housing through its consistent use of federal CDBG funding and new use of local funding generated through TIF. Despite a considerable decline in its annual federal CDBG allocations, Milwaukee’s use of CDBG dollars for housing services is similar today to the amounts utilized in the mid-2000s (Figure 3). Since 2015, the city also has used tax increment financing (TIF) to bolster its housing programs and to increase its support for new affordable housing development projects.