evidence: The United States uses a mix of energy sources [...] Fossil fuels have dominated the U.S. energy mix for more than 100 years, but the mix has changed over time.2 [...] The contribution of coal to total U.S. energy consumption has declined from about 37% in 1950 to 9% in 2023, largely because the U.S. electric power sector has increased use of other energy sources and reduced coal consumption. In terms of coal's total primary energy content, annual U.S. coal consumption peaked in 2005 at about 22.80 quads and production peaked in 1998 at about 24.05 quads. The energy content of total annual coal consumption has declined largely because the electric power sector has increased use of lower heat content coal. In 2023, coal production accounted for about 11% (11.81 quads) of U.S. total energy production.