evidence: Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh. [...] Ladakh has been contested by India and Pakistan since the dissolution of British India in 1947; after the ceasefire agreement of 1949, its southeastern portion went to India and the remainder to Pakistan. The region has been the site of several border skirmishes since; in 1999 India and Pakistan fought the Kargil War with Pakistani fighters eventually withdrawing from India-administered territory they had infiltrated. The Siachen Glacier, situated in the Karakoram Range, is claimed by both India and Pakistan. China gained control of its portion of Ladakh when its forces entered the region in the early 1960s. In 2020 Indian and Chinese soldiers clashed in a confrontation at the Galwan river valley in northeastern Ladakh.