evidence: Chumar (2014): Indian and Chinese forces locked horns in eastern Ladakh near the village of Chumar. The Chinese had started construction work in Indian territory, which the Indian forces objected to. The stand-off, which lasted 16 days, began on September 16, 2014, the eve of Chinese President Xi Jinping’s first visit to India, and was a huge embarrassment to him. While the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) tried to extend the road from Chepzi towards Chumar, in Demchok, PLA troops transgressed into Indian territory and prevented an irrigation canal work.