evidence: As the two largest and fastest-growing developing countries, India and China are generally identified as sources of growth in global agricultural demand and trade. While China has emerged as a large and fast-growing market since 2000, growth in Indian demand and trade, while strong, has been less significant for U.S. and global markets. Similar to China, economic growth is likely to drive changes in Indian food demand over the next decade, with the trade outcomes shaped by productivity gains in the farm sector and the evolution of India’s domestic farm and trade policies. Average real GDP growth of about 7.1 percent since 2000 has made India the second fastest-growing large economy during this period, after China. Aided by continued gradual slowing of population growth, per capita gross national income in current U.S. dollars reached $1,570 in 2013, still well below China’s $6,560, but classifying India as a lower middle-income country. Global economic recovery in the near term, relatively low world crude oil prices, and fiscal and investment reforms in India are expected to push India’s economic growth rate above China’s by the late 2010s, to an average of 7.5 percent during the next decade.