evidence: About 16,000 people from the Yumbi area fled to the Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), about 15 kilometers across the Congo River. A year later, about half had returned to Congo. Another 20,000 were displaced internally. [...] Yumbi is one of eight territories in the Mai-Ndombe province in western Congo. The ethnic community of Batende is the majority in 33 of Yumbi’s 38 towns and villages, mostly situated in the interior, where their livelihoods depend largely on subsistence farming. The ethnic Banunu live mostly along the Congo River, where they primarily engage in fishing. The Banunu are the majority in the territorial capital of Yumbi, located along the river, as well as in neighboring Nkolo II and Bongende. [...] An estimated 2,100 people escaped Bongende and fled to neighboring Congo-Brazzaville across the Congo River, most to Makotimpoko.