evidence: Compared to the global level, where the female homicide victimization rate is as high as 2.2 per 100,000 (UNODC, 2023), female victimization rates in contemporary Europe are low to very low. Hence, taken together, globally speaking, these rates all lie relatively close together, which can be attributed to the fact that all are highly developed countries with high levels of gender equality, high GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita, and low levels of income inequality. When zooming in on individual differences, we found that in Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland, annual rates hover around 0.5 per 100,000; in France, it is 0.68 per 100,000 (0.62 in 2021). Finland appears to be an exception to this rule, with about twice that rate (0.99 per 100,000). One of the reasons why the rates of female homicide victimization in the first four countries are similar could be found in the fact that these countries are so-called early bird countries. As explained by Corradi and Stöckl (2014), these European countries developed governmental action against domestic violence since the mid-1970s to early 1980s. [...] It should be noted that the relative stability of female homicide victimization may be unique to Northern and Western Europe, since recent reports from Southern Europe, in particular in Greece, report the annual number of female victims to rise in recent years, possibly due to recent financial crises, combined with increased alcohol and drug consumption due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Karakasi et al., 2022).