evidence: - Black and Latino communities are deprived of representation. These communities of color are incarcerated at disproportionate rates nationwide. In 2019, 56 percent of the United States’ prison population was Black or Latino, despite these groups making up only 32 percent of the overall population. footnote11_zrUpPqbnCwhp03ZQrVnntfNnUxjHX6FcVh7hoYQ-oVc_rWEv7kfZNDxy11E. Ann Carson, "Prisoners in 2019," Bureau of Justice Statistics, October 2020, table 3, https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/p19.pdf. Prison gerrymandering turns disparities in incarceration into disparities in representation; electoral maps do not reflect the true size of the largely Black and Latino urban communities. footnote12_iSO9JRmMnVgHlAhZQy8D0hrWxzWu9fSftZPzXMiO-o_gNlisx2aPvKk12Brianna Remster and Rory Kramer, "Shifting Power: The Impact of Incarceration on Political Representation," Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 15, no. 2 (2018): 417–39, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X18000206 (finding that if Pennsylvania ended prison gerrymandering, over 100,00 Black Philadelphians would live in overpopulated districts, while three out of the four overpopulated districts would be majority-minority); Ross Ramsey, "Playing the Inmate Card Skews Redistricting," Texas Tribune, September 29, 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/30/us/for-redistricting-texas-counts-prisoners-where-they-sleep.html (reporting that Harris County, which includes Houston, would be entitled to an additional legislative district if incarcerated people were counted at their home addresses).