evidence: Pregnancy outcomes often depend on different factors. Every pregnancy starts out with a 3-5% chance of having a birth defect (called the background risk). Also, miscarriage is common and can occur in any pregnancy for many different reasons. For snake bites in particular, such factors that can affect outcomes include the amount of venom a pregnancy is exposed to, gestational age at the time of the bite, and when treatment is started, how long it lasts, and quality of treatment. Information on snake bites in pregnancy is limited. There are case reports that describe issues such as hydrocephalus (an abnormal buildup of fluid in the ventricles in the brain), intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding in the skull), reduced fetal movements, placental abruption (when the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery), miscarriage, stillbirth, and maternal death. While case reports do not establish that the snake venom caused these issues, treating a snake bite is important.