evidence: Borneo is a large island in Southeast Asia that is divided among three countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei. Indonesian Borneo, or Kalimantan, accounts for two-thirds of the island’s territory in the central and southern part of the island. The tiny sultanate of Brunei is wedged between the two Malaysian states, Sarawak and Sabah, in the north of the island. [...] In the 1980s the introduction of commercial logging spurred encroachment onto the lands of Borneo’s Indigenous peoples. The majority of all forests of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo have been licensed to logging and plantation concessions, and most of these overlap with ancestral Indigenous land claims. In violation of international and national law, logging and oil palm companies are clearing and burning vast tracts of ancient forest on a scale often exceeding deforestation rates in the Amazon. [...] The state of Sarawak simultaneously acknowledges Indigenous land rights while seeking to limit Indigenous land rights in a variety of ways. Indigenous communities have long traditions and customs, or adat, regarding land rights, and each community is considered to own a territory, legally referred to as Native Customary Rights (NCR). While the state has acknowledged that there are between 1.5 and 2.8 million hectares of NCR in Sarawak, they have not revealed where exactly the NCR land is, leaving communities unsure of whether or not their land is officially recognized as NCR.