evidence: NO2 has a clear local pattern and is mostly concentrated where it is emitted: in urban areas and by busy roads. NO2 values are particularly high in the areas around London, but all urban areas have high levels. [...] This is in contrast to cities like Dundee and Aberdeen, where around one in 33 deaths is related to PM2.5 exposure (around 3 per cent). This echoes the outcomes of the DAQI index: the five worst cities in Figure 10 all had more than 30 days a year when DAQI was 4 or above, while the Scottish cities with the lowest share are ranked at the bottom of the DAQI index. [...] This perhaps is not surprising given that local authorities are not legally obliged to meet the objectives set by their action plans.24 There is, then, little incentive to do anything about poor air quality within them.