evidence: In these cases, scientists apply "bias correction" techniques to model data, explains Dr Douglas Maraun, head of the Regional Climate Modelling and Analysis research group at the University of Graz, and co-author of a book on "Statistical Downscaling and Bias Correction for Climate Research". He tells Carbon Brief: [...] "Until about a decade ago it was quite common to adjust the fluxes between different model components – for example, the ocean and atmosphere – in every model step towards the observed fields by so-called ‘flux corrections’". [...] This reinforces that point that scientists need to be careful not to apply bias correction without understanding the underlying reason for the bias, concludes Maraun: