evidence: Looking at a more detailed breakdown for the EU in 2022, 'hospital services' accounted for 3.2 % of GDP, 'outpatient services' for 2.3 % of GDP, 'medical products, appliances and equipment' for 1.1 % of GDP and 'public health services' for 0.5 % of GDP. 'Research and development on health' amounted to 0.1 % of GDP while 'not elsewhere classified expenditure related to health' stood at 0.3 % of GDP. The largest amount of government expenditure on health was reported by Austria (9.3 % of GDP), followed by Czechia and France (both 9.1 % of GDP) and Germany (8.5 % of GDP). Among the EFTA countries, Iceland reported the largest amount (8.6 % of GDP). The smallest amounts were reported by Hungary (4.4 % of GDP) as well as Latvia (4.8 % of GDP) and Romania (4.9 % of GDP). Switzerland reported the smallest amount among the reporting EU and EFTA countries (2.3 % of GDP). While in some countries health care is organised by the private sector, most countries have government schemes. [...] At the level of the EU, general government 'health' expenditure increased relatively smoothly between 1995 and 2022, amounting to 11.1 % of total expenditure in 1995 and 15.5 % of total expenditure in 2022. As a ratio to GDP, EU government health expenditure amounted to 5.9 % of GDP in 1995 and 7.7 % of GDP in 2022. In 2022, the ratio to GDP decreased by 0.4 percentage points as compared to 2021, when it had peaked at 8.0 % of GDP.