evidence: Brunei, located in Southeast Asia on the north-western coast of the island of Borneo, claims a 200-nautical mile (nm) exclusive economic zone (EEZ) that overlaps with China’s nine-dash line, as well as a 12-nm territorial sea and a continental shelf. Brunei asserts its maritime jurisdiction over these areas. Brunei appears to claim the one land feature within its EEZ, Louisa Reef, though different members of the government have made conflicting claims. Part of the Spratly Islands archipelago, Louisa Reef is also claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Malaysia appears to have rescinded its claim to Louisa Reef. Brunei may also claim part of the area known as Rifleman Bank, which is fully submerged, as part of its extended continental shelf. [...] In 2009, however, the two country’s leaders came to settle the territorial issues through an exchange of letters. While the letters have not been made public, the bilateral issues settled in the agreement were summarized in a press statement released by Brunei’s Minister of Foreign Affairs: [...] Brunei has not taken action to assert its territorial claim over Louisa Reef in recent years. After publishing a map in 1988 to announce the extent of its continental shelf claim, Brunei protested Malaysia’s claim to the reef in 1992. That same year, it protested Chinese maritime research in the area.