evidence: In the decade before the enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, the uninsured rate averaged 15.0 percent. In 2014, provisions of the ACA went into effect that enabled states to expand Medicaid eligibility and establish health insurance marketplaces. While outcomes varied by state, those policy changes contributed to a 3.0-percentage-point decrease in the share of uninsured people nationally in the initial year. As additional states adopted Medicaid expansion in the mid-2010s, the uninsured rate continued to drop, falling below 10.0 percent and remaining there since. [...] Every year since the enactment of the ACA, the uninsured rate has been lower for all age groups than it was before its implementation. The uninsured rate for Americans age 65 and older slightly decreased by 0.1 percentage points between 2021 and 2022, but it remains the lowest of any age group as 93.5 percent of such individuals were covered by Medicare in 2022. [...] Heading into the pandemic, non-white Americans had the highest rates of being uninsured. This still holds true in the data from the pandemic, as those are also the groups that have been the most heavily affected by COVID-19 in regard to employment and health. In 2022, 41.6 percent of the population were people of color, but they accounted for 58.3 percent of the uninsured population.