evidence: Considering that SARS-CoV-2 infections cause neurologic effects in human and human ACE2 transgenic mice, and typically follow respiratory system infection, we used models mimicking the natural infection route. We intranasally infected dogs with the Delta variant, and virus subsequently was transmitted to contact dogs. We assessed detection of viruses in the brain and damage to the integrity of the BBB as well as activation of neuroimmune responses in the brain. To test whether SARS-CoV-2 can indeed induce neuropathologic changes in the brain, we also assessed further patterns of demyelination and axonal damage. We describe our methods here in brief; details are provided in the Appendix, [...] e12939 . DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar - Washington University in St. Louis. COVID-19 infections increase risk of long-term brain problems: strokes, seizures, memory and movement disorders among problems that develop in first year after infection. Science Daily [cited 2023 Apr 10]. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/09/220922124408.htm - Ozel T, Erdem NS, Ünal A, Yalçin AN, İnan D, Ilhanli N, et al. Neurological manifestations and mortality in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Neurological Sciences and Neurophysiology. 2022;39:138–45. DOIGoogle Scholar - Douaud G, Lee S, Alfaro-Almagro F, Arthofer C, Wang C, McCarthy P, et al. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. Nature. 2022;604:697–707. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar - Matschke J, Lütgehetmann M, Hagel C, Sperhake JP, Schröder AS, Edler C, et al. Neuropathology of patients with COVID-19 in Germany: a post-mortem case series. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19:919–29. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar