evidence: Any tax or levy on plastic carrier bags are costly, but enables consumer choice and generates revenue. While voluntary steps on the part of retailers and shopkeepers are inexpensive, they are weakly authorized and very nominally reduce impacts. Analyzed against all measures, literature review suggests that the economic instrument, a plastic carrier bag levy, is the most successful policy instrument for governments to address the issue of plastic carrier bags. The fundamental assumption is that stakeholders respond to costs and benefits by amplifying their self-interests; charging for bags always changes the behaviour (Dryzek, 2014). A different type of levy got implemented in Malaysia, where the buyers have to pay for plastic bags once in a week (Saturdays) (). Taxes, subsidies and levies with an economic-based rationality have become foremost in environmental governance, and this was affected by the market and price-setting (Adger and Jordan, 2009). Various types of levies (for example Green Dot Schemes) are charged to account for the environmental costs of the article, and also for the recovery and recycling of it (Knoblauch et al., 2018). [...] Poortinga, Wouter & Whitmarsh, Lorraine & Suffolk, Christine. (2013). The introduction of a single-use carrier bag charge in Wales: Attitude change and behavioural spillover effects. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 36. 240–247.