evidence: The ongoing nature of the conflict in Kashmir can force women to suddenly adopt new roles due to the killing or abduction of a male family member. This chapter draws upon empirical research conducted with women who unexpectedly found themselves as head of household and/or primary breadwinner. It discusses how even when women transcend gendered boundaries through adopting new positions and greater access to public space, there is an undeniable additional variable influencing patriarchy in places like Kashmir. The intense military presence, coupled with complete impunity given to security forces, significantly increases the threat of sexual violence. Against this backdrop, female access to traditionally male-dominated spheres can lead to a greater sense of vulnerability and concern rather than represent agency or empowerment. [...] Kazi, S. 2009. Between Democracy and Nation: Gender and Militarization in Kashmir. New Delhi: Women Unlimited. [...] Qutab, S. (2021). Women in the Kashmir Conflict: Changing Roles and Negotiating Spaces.