evidence: Demographics of Ireland Population 5,348,000 (2023) Density 73 per km2 Growth rate 8.1% Birth rate 10.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.) Death rate 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.) Life expectancy 80.19 years • male 78 years • female 82.6 years Fertility rate 1.70 children born/woman (2022 est.) Infant mortality rate 3.85 deaths/1,000 live births Net migration rate 0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population 0–14 years 19.98% 15–64 years 65.26% 65 and over 14.76% Total 0.99 male/female At birth 1.057 male/female Under 15 1.07 male/female 15–64 years 1.00 male/female 65 and over 0.81 male/female Nationality Irish Major ethnic Irish 76.5% Minor ethnic Other White 10.3%, Asian: 3.7%, Black: 1.5%, Irish Travellers 0.7%, Other 1.3%, Not stated 6.7% (2022) Official Irish, English Spoken Irish sign language , Shelta , Ulster Scots [...] The island of Ireland's population has fluctuated over history. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Ireland experienced a major population boom as a result of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. In the 50-year period 1790–1840, the population of the island doubled from 4 million to 8 million. At its peak, Ireland's population density was similar to that of England and continental Europe. [...] Northern Ireland 36,538 35,986 39,567 49,928 49,171 58,470 57,389 61,750