evidence: Death is mainly caused by high-energy transfer from the vehicle to the road traffic users during the crash. The mortality of pedestrians and motorcyclists are much higher compared with vehicle occupants in the same setting because the pedestrians and motorcyclists are vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists) compared with the vehicle occupants [112, 113]. The interaction between the road infrastructure, environment, size and speed of a vehicle, behavior of drivers, traffic mobility, congestion, empty lines will explain the differences in mortality between different states and countries [114,115,116]. The reduction of road deaths on rural roads in Spain during lockdown by 62% resulted in a 10% reduction of the number of road deaths among vulnerable road users (from 37% before lockdown to 27% during lockdown) [44]. Similarly, the reduction of death or seriously injured pedestrians (by 24%) and motorcyclists (by 16%) were less compared with passengers (by 38%) in Northern Ireland, UK [51]. In Australia, there was reduction of the number road traffic deaths among pedestrians (by 20%), motorcyclists (by 12%), passengers (by 11%), and drivers (by 5%), but cyclists death increased by 29% during the initial stage of the lockdown compared with the prior three years [49]. [...] Vandoros S, Papailias F. Empty streets, speeding and motor vehicle collisions during Covid-19 lockdowns: evidence from Northern Ireland. medRxiv. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.03.21249173.