evidence: The Vanaras seems to a tribe with the monkey totem.The Ramayana belongs to a period when most of India was jungle with tribal forest-dwellers. India still contains several tribes with animal totems. An early issue of the Bellary District Gazetteer gives us the interesting information that the place was inhabited by the Vanara people. The Jaina Ramayana mentions that the banner of the Vanaras was the vanaradhvaja (monkey flag), thereby reinforcing the totemic theory. Similarly, Jatayu would have been the king of the vulture-totem tribe and Jambavan of the bear-totem tribe. Elugu means bear and this surname belongs to Telugu Mudiraj people. Among Mudiraj there are many more such surnames such as puli (lion), Nakka (fox), bathuladuck), Guvva (Dove), etc., representing animal and bird totems. [...] Another important site is Bandi Pushala Chenu in Bellary-Kurnool area where excavations of the typical Harappan steatite wheel-like beads are found. These beads occur in all Harappan sites as early as 3000 BC. Bithur near Kanpur, a traditional Ramayana site, had yielded weapons of the culture, archeologically designated as ochre-coloured pottery (OCP), ranging from 1500 to 2000 BC or even 3000 BC near Ghaneswar in Rajasthan. When Rama came to Kishkindha, the Vanaras were the same Neolithic people, whose help he took, said Prof. Rao.