evidence: Two COVID-19 vaccine candidates, one from Pfizer-BioNTech and the other from Moderna, have received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the Food and Drug Administration. For the first time outside of clinical trial environment, vaccinations began in the United States in mid-December. Ingredients in the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Both vaccines use gene-based technology, relying on synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA).1 In each, a synthetic strand of mRNA created for these vaccines was designed to emulate the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA strand that specifically codes for the production of the coronavirus-specific spike protein. Once inside of the cell, our own ribosomes translate the synthetic mRNA into the spike protein. That protein is then recognized as foreign, and our immune systems create antibodies. [...] Table 1: Ingredients of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccine