evidence: The rising water levels in Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa, have significant environmental, social, and economic impacts on the surrounding regions. Lake Victoria is the second largest freshwater lake in the world with a lake surface area of 68,000 km2 and a total basin area of 250,000 km2. The lake is shared by Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda with only 6% of the surface area of the lake within the Kenyan territory, while Tanzania and Uganda have 51% and 43% respectively, while Lake Victoria basin is shared by five counties namely; Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi. Objectives: The key objectives of this article are to highlight the historical trends along the Lake Victoria River basin, the rising/falling water levels, the climate projections both at regional and national, the physical, environmental, social, and economic impacts of the rising water levels and key recommendations to mitigate any such future risks as a result of the floods.