evidence: - National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Aristotle (384–322 bc): philosopher and scientist of ancient Greece - University of Washington - Introduction to Aristotle - Great Thinkers - Aristotle - Humanities LibreTexts - Biography of Aristotle - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Biography of Aristotle - University of Virginia - Galileo and Einstein - Aristotle - University of California Museum of Paleontology - Biography of Aristotle - World History Encyclopedia - Aristotle - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Biography of Aristotle - The Ethics Centre - Aristotle, the Ancient Greek Philosopher - United States Naval Academy - The Moral Virtues Aristotle - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Aristotle's Logic [...] Aristotle (born 384 bce, Stagira, Chalcidice, Greece—died 322, Chalcis, Euboea) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual figures of Classical antiquity and Western history. He was the author of a philosophical and scientific system that became the framework and vehicle for both Christian Scholasticism and medieval Islamic philosophy. Even after the intellectual revolutions of the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Enlightenment, Aristotelian concepts remained embedded in Western thinking. [...] Another youthful work, the Protrepticus ("Exhortation"), has been reconstructed by modern scholars from quotations in various works from late antiquity. Everyone must do philosophy, Aristotle claims, because even arguing against the practice of philosophy is itself a form of philosophizing. The best form of philosophy is the contemplation of the universe of nature; it is for this purpose that God made human beings and gave them a godlike intellect. All else—strength, beauty, power, and honour—is worthless.