evidence: Hemoglobin (Hb) is the primary oxygen transporting molecule; some 200–300 million molecules are packed inside circulating red blood cells (RBCs). The binding of oxygen (four oxygen per four hemes) process occurs at the lungs. Binding of the first oxygen (oxyHb; bright red) causes a gradual increase in oxygen-binding affinity until all binding sites on the Hb molecule are filled in a cooperative manner. As a result, the oxygen-dissociation curve of Hb (ODC; also called the oxygen equilibrium curve, OEC) is sigmoidal or S-shaped, as opposed to the normal hyperbolic curve associated with non-cooperative binding (e.g., myoglobin; Dickerson and Gies, 1993; Figure 1). [...] Liu, W., and Li, H. (2020). COVID-19: attacks the 1-beta chain of hemoglobin and captures the porphyrin to inhibit human heme metabolism. ChemRxiv [Preprint]. doi: 10.26434/chemrxiv.11938173.v8 [...] Keywords: COVID-19, hemoglobin, oxygen transport, hypoxia inducible factor, mitochondrial function, hypoxia