evidence: North America, particularly the United States and Canada, consistently reports some of the highest ADHD prevalence rates globally. ADHD in America: Understanding the Prevalence and Impact shows that the United States has seen a steady increase in ADHD diagnoses over the past few decades, with some studies suggesting that up to 11% of school-aged children have received an ADHD diagnosis. Canada follows closely behind, with prevalence rates estimated between 5-9% among children and adolescents. In Europe, ADHD prevalence rates vary considerably between Western and Eastern European countries. Western European nations such as Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom tend to report higher rates, typically ranging from 3-7% among children. Eastern European countries generally report lower rates, although this may be partly due to differences in diagnostic practices and awareness. It’s worth noting that even within regions, significant variations exist. For instance, Nordic countries like Iceland and Norway often report higher ADHD rates compared to Mediterranean countries like Italy and Spain. [...] Cultural perceptions play a crucial role in shaping ADHD diagnosis and treatment across different countries. In some cultures, behaviors associated with ADHD may be viewed as normal variations in temperament or even positive traits. For instance, in some Asian cultures, high activity levels in children may be seen as a sign of vitality rather than a potential disorder. Conversely, in Western cultures, there may be a greater emphasis on academic performance and behavioral conformity, potentially leading to higher rates of ADHD diagnosis.