evidence: Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef. Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island. Access to East and Middle Islands, the main sea bird breeding areas, is by permit only. Under a Memorandum of Understanding signed by Australia and Indonesia in 1974 traditional Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and the fresh water supply of West Island. Illegal killing of protected wildlife by traditional Indonesian fishermen and fishing by non-traditional Indonesian vessels are ongoing problems in the Territory and the surrounding waters. [...] The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands comprises West, Middle and East Islands of the Ashmore Reef, Cartier Island and the 12 nautical mile territorial sea generated by these islands. The islands are uninhabited and composed of coral and sand with some grass cover. The Territory is located on the outer edge of the continental shelf in the Indian Ocean, approximately 320 km off Australia's north-west coast and 144 kilometers south of the Indonesian Island of Roti. The Jabiru and Challis oil fields are adjacent to the Territory.