evidence: The roll-out of HPV vaccines is a milestone in the global fight against cancer. Since the vaccines are safe and highly effective at preventing infection with the riskiest forms of human papillomavirus (HPV), countries with high vaccination coverage have already seen infection rates plummet among young women. Dramatic reductions in cases of cervical cancer are expected to follow as these women grow older. [...] Current HPV vaccines target high-risk forms of the virus – including the HPV-16 and HPV-18 strains, which cause 70% of cervical cancers. Newer vaccines are being introduced that protect against further strains, but even these will not protect against every cancer-associated type of HPV, so cervical cancer screening continues to be recommended for young women who have been vaccinated. [...] However, the nature of cervical cancer screening is changing thanks to recent innovations that have made it far easier and cost effective to deliver this life-saving intervention.