evidence: The Indian Government has been actively investing in the development of road infrastructure. Major initiatives like the Bharatmala Pariyojana aim to upgrade and expand the road network, including the construction of expressways, economic corridors, and feeder routes. The first phase of the programme will develop 34,800 km of highways, including 27 Greenfield corridors and India’s largest expressway (a 1,386 km long Delhi-Mumbai Expressway). Under the Pariyojana, 60% projects have been envisaged on Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM), 10% projects on BOT (Toll) Mode, and 30% projects on EPC mode. The roads and highways sector has pioneered several innovative public-private partnership (PPP) models besides having a strong contractual framework compared with other sectors. These factors have led to significant investments from private players in the sector. Several incentives have also been announced by the Government to attract private sector participation and foreign direct investment, which include Government bearing the cost of project feasibility study, land for the right of way and way side amenities, shifting of utilities, environment clearances, etc. [...] The highways sector in India has been at the forefront of performance and innovation. The government has successfully rolled out over 60 road projects in India worth over $10 Bn based on the Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM). HAM has balanced risk appropriately between private and public partners and boosted PPP activity in the sector.