evidence: When it comes to superstitions, social scientists have generally agreed on one thing: they are fundamentally irrational. "Magical thinking" (as it has been called) is defined as the belief that an object, action or circumstance not logically related to a course of events can influence its outcome. In other words, stepping on a crack cannot, given what we know about the principles of causal relations, have any direct effect on the probability of your mother breaking her back. Those who live in fear of such a tragedy are engaging in magical thought and behaving irrationally. A statement about the yin and yang of magical thinking is frequently shared online, attributed to either author Lewis Carroll (the pen name of Charles Dodgson) or the most famous of his literary works, "Alice in Wonderland" (i.e., "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"): However, the phrase "Everyone wants a magical solution for their problem, and everyone refuses to believe in magic" does not appear in any of Carroll/Dodgson's published works (either literary or non-fiction) or papers, nor was it contemporaneously recorded as something he once said. This quote actually stemmed from a Carroll-inspired character who appeared in a modern television series.