evidence: The location of Heglig/Panthou in relation to the North/South border at the time of Sudan’s independence (January 1, 1956) continues to be misrepresented by not only the Arab League and African Union, but now (implicitly) by the UN Security Council, which has introduced the threat of sanctions against Khartoum and Juba if the African Union vision of how peace is to be achieved is not followed. Let us recall first the view of the African Union, which on April 14, 2012 "noted with alarm, the occupation of the Heglig by the forces of (South Sudan) …." (all emphases added) [...] "Heglig, which is known as Thou (or Panthou) in Dinka, was one of the territories depopulated by militias during the second civil war, when Sudan used paramilitary Popular Defence Forces (PDF) to clear southern residents from areas around oil-producing sites. For many Dinka at the border, accepting Sudan’s possession of these territories is tantamount to accepting the ethnic clearings of the 80s and 90s." [...] It is important to recall again that the July 2009 Abyei boundary ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration did not place Heglig in northern Sudan or South Sudan; it simply said that Heglig lies to the east of Abyei: