evidence: Aluminum is an experimentally demonstrated neurotoxin and the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant. Despite almost 90 years of widespread use of aluminum adjuvants, medical science's understanding about their mechanisms of action is still remarkably poor. There is also a concerning scarcity of data on toxicology and pharmacokinetics of these compounds. In spite of this, the notion that aluminum in vaccines is safe appears to be widely accepted. Experimental research, however, clearly shows that aluminum adjuvants have a potential to induce serious immunological disorders in humans. In particular, aluminum in adjuvant form carries a risk for autoimmunity, long-term brain inflammation and associated neurological complications and may thus have profound and widespread adverse health consequences. In our opinion, the possibility that vaccine benefits may have been overrated and the risk of potential adverse effects underestimated, has not been rigorously evaluated in the medical and scientific community. We hope that the present paper will provide a framework for a much needed and long overdue assessment of this highly contentious medical issue. [...] Critical analysis of reference studies on the toxicokinetics of aluminum-based adjuvants.J Inorg Biochem. 2018 Apr;181:87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.12.015. Epub 2017 Dec 28. J Inorg Biochem. 2018. PMID: 29307441 Review. Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in pediatric populations.Lupus. 2012 Feb;21(2):223-30. doi: 10.1177/0961203311430221. Lupus. 2012. PMID: 22235057 - [Aluminum as an adjuvant in vaccines and post-vaccine reactions].Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1993;44(1):73-80. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1993. PMID: 8235346 Review. Polish.