evidence: Since the beginning of 2021, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected countless people as well as caused millions of deaths worldwide. The majority of SARS-CoV-2 infections do not pose a life-threatening risk to individuals without preexisting diseases; however, in cases of severe infection, uncontrolled immune responses can be triggered in the lungs, destroying epithelial cells and alveoli, causing pulmonary edema, a dangerous increase in vascular permeability and death.70,71 The spike protein, which is found on the surface of SARS-CoV-2, facilitates the virus’s entry into host cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors on the surface of the host cells.72 Therefore, the spike protein represents a prime target for SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines encoding either the receptor-binding domain or the full-length spike protein. To date, two mRNA vaccines designed to target the spike protein of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have gained approval and widespread usage globally. These vaccines include mRNA-1273 developed by Moderna and BNT162b2 developed by BioNTech/Pfizer. Meanwhile, several other mRNA vaccines targeting the spike protein are currently undergoing clinical trials assessing their safety and efficacy.