evidence: How HPV vaccines and new screening methods could help eliminate cervical cancer [...] Current HPV vaccines target high-risk forms of the virus – including the HPV-16 and HPV-18 strains, which cause 70% of cervical cancers. Newer vaccines are being introduced that protect against further strains, but even these will not protect against every cancer-associated type of HPV, so cervical cancer screening continues to be recommended for young women who have been vaccinated. [...] Some scientists have argued that the frequency of screening for women who have been vaccinated against HPV may be further lowered, to perhaps two or three times per lifetime. However, most girls in the world are not yet receiving the HPV vaccine, and because screening begins 15–20 years after the HPV vaccine, it may be decades before the majority of females of screening age have received the HPV vaccine. The WHO Global Strategy to Eliminate Cervical Cancer recommends a minimum of two lifetime screens with a high-performance HPV test, the first by age 35 and the second by age 45 years.