evidence: Administratively, Brunei Bay comes under two countries (Malaysia and Brunei). The Malaysian parts of its shoreline are also divided between two States: Sarawak and Sabah. The situation is further complicated by the fact that Brunei constitutes two separate territories (Brunei and Temburong districts) which are separated, along this bay, by Sarawak (Limbang district). The eastern curve of the bay is formed by the estuaries of the Klias, Padas and Menumbok rivers, flowing out of the Klias peninsula in Beaufort district, Sabah (MYSB09).There are three separate areas within this bay which are significance for birds: Limbang estuary, Trusan-Sundar and Menumbok estuary. These are treated separately below.(I) Physical Characteristics [...] Limbang Estuary: The Limbang estuary faces a complex issue of conflicting land use. Due to its non-protected status, various forms of disturbances and threats currently plague the area. Non-sustainable logging. Clear-felling of mangoves for cordwood, charcoal and firewood is practised. Possibly when the timber from the Lawas mangroves is depleted, pressure on those of Limbang is bound to increase.Illegal logging through the clearance of up to 50 ha for coconut plantation and aquaculture schemes along Sungai Limbang.Erosion of the riverbanks by speedboats and large barges.Poaching of Proboscis Monkeys and Silvered Leaf-Monkeys.Illegal clearance for small settlements caused by illegal immigration.Planned clearance of area on the east bank of Sungai Limbang for establishment of prawn ponds by end of 1986. By the first quarter of that year, more than 100 ha has been totally cleared.