evidence: The Gulf countries have the lowest annual rainfall and the highest evaporation rates globally. The most prominent Gulf nation, Saudi Arabia, is the largest country in the world without rivers or surface water. Among its neighbours, Saudi Arabia has the lowest annual rainfall (below 150 millimetres) and one of the highest evaporation rates in the world (over 95% of surface fresh water availability). At the same time, water consumption in the GCC is among the highest worldwide, with daily per capita water consumption of 100 litres in Oman, 265 litres in Saudi Arabia, 300 litres in the United Arab Emirates, 330 litres in Kuwait, 440 litres in Bahrain and 470 in Qatar. By comparison, Germany’s daily consumption per capita is 115 litres.[1] [...] According to the United Nations, an environmental disaster and a humanitarian crisis for the population living along the coast (including in Saudi Arabia) is just a matter of time as several vital systems and ship generators are no longer active. These threats underline once again the high risk to the GCC’s water supply posed by external factors.