evidence: Bayly correctly identified the root of the panic in Etawah between 1808 and 1815 (the latter being close to the date of Dr. Sherwood’s article) and claimed that the thug emerged from "the feeling of the fledgling colonial administration that they knew nothing of local society and that the locals were combining to deny it information" (Bayly, 1996, p. 174)—a physical manifestation of the anxiety caused by the lack of knowledge. [...] The magistrate at Etawah, after interrogation, discovered three classes of thugs and concluded that they had no relation to each other (Singha, 1993, p. 117).