evidence: This map depicts exclaves and contested lands in the Ferghana Valley as an archipelago of disconnected islands in a sea of sovereign territory. While Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan are some of the most landlocked states on the contemporary world map—far from any body of water—movement to, from, and within these places is heavily restricted by different state actors. Inhabitants of Chon-Qora, Isfara, Sarvan, Shakhimardan, Sokh, and Vorukh experience these territories as islands within a sea of monopolistic sovereignty, the global norm. [...] Bendiksen, Jonas. 2002. Ferghana Valley, border between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. An Uzbek border patrol surveys one of the valley’s seven territorial enclaves. The myriad borders of the valley make it hard to control. https://library.artstor.org/asset/AMAGNUMIG_10311525580. [...] Drake, Carolyn. 2009. Ferghana Valley, Isfara, Tajikistan. Bread is one the few fresh products in abundant supply at the central market. https://library.artstor.org/asset/APANOSIG_10313568121