evidence: The Kalapani issue is a proverbial thorn in the otherwise rosy India-Nepal relations. It is a territorial dispute between the two that has acquired many political dimensions over the years. [...] The origins of the Kalapani dispute can be traced back to 1816, when the Treaty of Sagauli was ratified following the end of the Anglo-Nepal war. The name Kalapani is derived from the river Kali that flows in the region. The Kali river marked the boundary of the Kingdom of Nepal and that of British India. [...] Defence analysts are of the opinion that King Mahendra was concerned that the Indian military would take the Kalapani region in order to secure the mountain passes. As such he preemptively handed over the region to India. About 18 military outposts along Nepal’s northern frontiers were set up but following bilateral negotiations in 1969, all the posts were removed barring Kalapani.