evidence: The rate of first-time HIV diagnoses (3.4 per 100,000 population) decreased by 16% in 2022 compared to pre-pandemic year 2019 and is lower than the rates between 2012 and 2018. The key population group affected by HIV in Ireland remain gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM), accounting for 58% of first-time diagnoses in 2022. The rate of first-time diagnoses among gbMSM2 in 2022 (88 per 100,000 estimated gbMSM population in those 18 and over) is 36% lower than the highest rate in 2015 (137 per 100,000 population). Eighty percent of first-time diagnoses in gbMSM in 2022 occurred in those born in either Ireland (41%) or Latin America and Caribbean (39%). Just over a quarter (26%) of gbMSM with a first-time diagnosis of HIV were co-infected with a bacterial STI at the time of their HIV diagnosis. Heterosexuals accounted for 34% of first-time diagnoses in 2022 and the number of first-time diagnoses among heterosexuals is 33% lower than the peak in 2018. Over two thirds of diagnoses among heterosexual females (69%) are in those born in sub-Saharan Africa while the largest proportion of diagnoses among heterosexual males were born in Ireland (50%).