evidence: Kaiyan Homi Kaikobad, The Shatt-al-Arab Boundary Question: A Legal Reappraisal (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988). [...] See Melamid, "The Shatt al-Arab boundary dispute"; Richard Schofield, "Positional Disputes and the Twentieth Century Utilisation of the Shatt al-Arab—International Right or International Need," in Boundaries and State Territory in the Middle East and North Africa, ed. G.H. Blake and R.N. Schofield (Wisbech: Menas Press, 1987). [...] For greater detail see Richard Schofield, "Interpreting a Vague River Boundary Delimitation: The 1847 Erzurum Treaty and the Shatt al-Arab before 1913," in The Boundaries of Modern Iran, ed. Keith McLachlan (London: UCL Press, 1994), pp. 72–92.