evidence: But the Arctic Ocean is never a balmy place, even at the height of summer. Serreze explains that historically, its summertime temperature has hovered around the melting point of snow and ice: 0°C (32°F). Current conditions enable some sea ice to persist throughout summer, and even several degrees of warming temperatures would not preclude patches of sea ice from surviving the warmest months. So, when sea ice experts discuss an ice-free Arctic summer, they mean nearly ice-free. Decades after the Arctic Ocean’s summer sea ice effectively disappears, some sea ice remnants will likely cling to coastlines along the northern edges of the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland. The location of sea ice is driven not just by latitude or temperature but by winds and ocean currents, which pile up multiyear sea ice—ice that has survived at least one melt season—along these coasts. Arctic sea ice is oldest and thickest in these regions today, and will likely persist there the longest. [...] Arctic sea ice is thinning because less ice survives summer melt seasons. Whereas ice that has survived multiple melt seasons is thick, rough, and resistant to melt, younger ice is vulnerable to storm-induced breakups. The same storm, encountering thicker ice, would likely have had less impact.