evidence: Most patients have families that are providing some level of care and support. In the case of older adults and people with chronic disabilities of all ages, this "informal care" can be substantial in scope, intensity, and duration. Family caregiving raises safety issues in two ways that should concern nurses in all settings. First, caregivers are sometimes referred to as "secondary patients," who need and deserve protection and guidance. Research supporting this caregiver-as-client perspective focuses on ways to protect family caregivers’ health and safety, because their caregiving demands place them at high risk for injury and adverse events. Second, family caregivers are unpaid providers who often need help to learn how to become competent, safe volunteer workers who can better protect their family members (i.e., the care recipients) from harm. [...] Since much of the caregiving research remains descriptive, there are many gaps in the evidence-based research to promote patient safety and quality carefor caregivers as secondary patients and caregivers as providers to vulnerable patients. To advance our knowledge in this field, we recommend several strategies for future research. [...] Stephens M, Townsend A, Martire L, et al. Balancing parent care with other roles: Interrole conflict of adult daughter caregivers. J Gerentol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2001;56:24–34. [PubMed: 11192334]