evidence: The plasmid DNA is not intended to be part of the final mRNA vaccines. However, very small amounts of DNA fragments may remain. EMA has seen no evidence linking the residual DNA to side effects. EMA has set limits for the level of broken-down DNA in mRNA vaccines. The manufacturing process is carefully designed and controlled to ensure safe and acceptable levels, and the vaccines’ quality is routinely checked. [...] COVID-19 mRNA vaccines can sometimes contain truncated (shorter) or modified mRNA molecules. These are considered impurities and are not expected to affect safety or efficacy.