evidence: DTP and hepatitis B vaccines do not cause sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Other vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause SIDS. In a 2003 report entitled Immunization Safety Review: Vaccinations and Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy, the Institute of Medicine (IOM), now called the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), concluded that the evidence favored rejection of a causal relationship between DTP vaccine or exposure to multiple vaccines and SIDS [1]. The 2012 IOM report found no new relevant studies of quality in the literature assessing SIDS and DTaP vaccination [2]. Two large randomized controlled trials found no association between SIDS and pentavalent rotavirus vaccine [3,4]. No increase in the risk of SIDS after immunization with the DTP vaccine was found among a cohort of 129,834 U.S. children born between 1974 and 1984 [5]. A Vaccine Safety Datalink study of more than 350,000 live births between 1993 and 1998 found no association between hepatitis B birth immunization and neonatal death [6]. A meta-analysis found that immunizations are actually associated with a reduced risk of SIDS; however, this may be attributable to the healthy vaccinee effect [7]. A reanalysis of three case-control studies included in this meta-analysis using the self-controlled case series method found neither an increased nor reduced risk of SIDS during the period after vaccination [8].