evidence: Complications can include encephalitis, secondary bacterial skin infections, dehydration, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and pneumonia. The case-fatality ratio (CFR) of mpox ranges from 0–11% in outbreaks in endemic areas, with mortality mostly affecting young children [17]. People living in or near tropical forested areas may have indirect or low-level exposure to infected animals, possibly leading to subclinical (asymptomatic) infection [17,21]. In endemic areas, immunocompromised individuals were reported to be particularly at risk of severe disease [22]. In an outbreak in Nigeria in 2017, patients with concurrent HIV infection had more severe disease with more skin lesions and associated genital ulcers compared to HIV-negative individuals, although no deaths were reported [23]. [...] A minority of cases (1–13%) were hospitalised for isolation, pain management, or for complications such as secondary skin infections, abscesses, and difficulty in swallowing [32,35,38,40]. Less severe but more common complications included rectal pain, swelling of the penis, and secondary bacterial infections [32]. Serious complications were rare and included epiglottitis, myocarditis, and encephalitis [27]. Sporadic fatal cases were reported [41] and the overall CFR in the 2022 outbreak was less than 0.1% [32]. [...] - They should be monitored by public health authorities (e.g. via telephone calls or other means, according to national guidance).