evidence: Erratum to Effects of human depopulation and warming climate on bird populations in Japan [...] Secondary succession and climate change may have additive or synergistic effects on biodiversity (Raven & Wagner, 2021; Daskalova & Kamp, 2023; Rigal et al., 2023). To quantify the large-scale biodiversity changes associated with these environmental changes, previous researchers derived population indicators from composite trends of species abundance in regions characterized by progressive declines in human activity and rising temperatures (Sirami et al., 2008; Herrando et al., 2014; Stephens et al., 2016). Species’ population trends do not solely reveal the causes of population changes (Krebs, 1991). However, when combined with information on species’ characteristics, such as habitat preferences and climatic niche positions, these trends can identify associations that may underlie the observed trends, including land-use changes and climate warming (Gregory et al., 2019; Soykan et al., 2016). Multispecies indicators (MSIs) of the population trends can then be used to aggregate trends for groups of species that are affected differently by specific changes (Gregory et al., 2019; Stephens et al., 2016). Therefore, nationwide biodiversity indicators can provide valuable information for national land-use planning to effectively conserve biodiversity under depopulation and climate warming scenarios (Sugimoto et al., 2022). [...] We present Japan as a pioneer economically developed country with ongoing depopulation and climate challenges and sought to provide insights into land management for other countries around the world subject to similar change (Hori et al., 2021).