evidence: Toothpaste ingredients generally contain at least a few basic components. These include a mild abrasive, which helps remove debris and surface stains; humectants, which reduce water loss that would otherwise cause toothpaste to dry out; and detergent, which helps clean teeth and is responsible for toothpaste foam. Toothpaste is generally safe when used as directed. However, it’s not meant to be eaten. Ingesting large quantities of toothpaste can cause stomach upset, although long-term repercussions are unlikely.