evidence: With the surrender of Japan in 1945, the Korean peninsula divided into Soviet (northern) and American (southern) zones of occupation, with the dividing line established along the 38th parallel. (See Division of Korea for more details.) As a result, three provinces of Hwanghae, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon (Kangwŏn) divided into Soviet and American occupied sections. Seoul and P'yŏngyang received the special cities in 1946. Between 1946 and 1954, South and North Korea created five new provinces: Jeju in South Korea, and North and South Hwanghae, Chagang, and Ryanggang in North Korea. [...] Also in 1946, the cities of Seoul in the south and P'yŏngyang in the north separated from Gyeonggi and South P'yŏngan Provinces respectively to become Special Cities. Finally, the North and South Korea governments formed the new provinces of Jeju (in the south, in 1946) and Chagang (in the north, 1949) from parts of South Jeolla and North P'yŏngan respectively. In 1954, Ryanggang Province split from South Hamgyong.