evidence: Chienge District is a predominantly rural community and the main economic activities are fishing and cross-border trade. The district sees an influx of population movement through both official and unofficial border points, Chiengi also hosts a refugee camp which mostly houses refugees from the neighbouring DRC. The district has 13 public health facilities and no registered private health facilities. Long distances from health facilities to the villages is a major deterrent in accessing vaccination services with certain areas located as far as 10km from the nearest health facility. The road network is mostly gravel but well-marked which facilitates easy movement within the district except in some seasons when some of the roads become inaccessible, such as the rainy season which begins in late October up until April. There is no developed municipal sewage system and few areas in the district have access to electricity whereas the majority rely on solar energy to generate power. The main sources of water are Lake Mweru and unprotected private shallow wells. The rest have access to a few functional hand pumps. The water table is generally high, between 1.5 and six meters.