evidence: Sovereignty over Pedra Branca island, which lies approximately 24 nautical miles to the east of Singapore and 7.7 nautical miles to the south of the Malaysian State of Johor, became a subject of dispute since 1979, when Malaysia published a map indicating the island to be part of its territory. The island dispute went to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2003, together with two other maritime features near Pedra Branca, namely Middle Rocks and South Ledge. In 2008, the ICJ ruled that Singapore had sovereignty over Pedra Branca. While the Sultanate of Johor had original title to Pedra Branca, sovereignty over the island had passed to Singapore by 1980, when the dispute crystallized. The ICJ’s ruling was made on the basis of the fact that Singapore and its predecessor polities had exercised several acts of sovereignty over the island, to which Malaysia and its predecessors had failed to respond. In the same ruling, ICJ also awarded Middle Rocks to Malaysia and ruled that South Ledge belonged to the state in whose territorial waters it is located, a question that is to be determined through a process of negotiation between Singapore and Malaysia. [...] How could Singapore’s land reclamation efforts impact Malaysia? As of 2021, the Malaysia-Singapore Joint Technical Committee (MSJTC) has yet to conclude the Maritime Boundary Delimitation of Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks, and South Ledge. South Ledge remains a disputed maritime feature between Malaysia and Singapore, given that sovereignty over it depends on which nation enjoys sovereignty over the territorial waters of Pedra Branca or Middle Rocks, as per the ICJ’s 2008 ruling.