evidence: Monoglycerides and diglycerides are naturally present in certain seed oils such as grapeseed oil and cottonseed oil. However, concentrations are low and difficult to isolate. That’s why these compounds must be manufactured through a chemical reaction that starts with a triglyceride-containing animal fat or vegetable oil. The most commonly used vegetable oils are hydrogenated soybean or palm oils. Since Apeel’s formula is plant-derived, its mono- and diglycerides are manufactured from vegetable oil. High heat and an alkaline catalyst (glycerol) are utilized for the chemical reaction, rearranging the triglycerides into mono- and diglycerides. This results in a mixture of all three mono-, di-, and triglycerides. The next step is saponification and distillation in order to further isolate the mono- and diglycerides, removing the triglycerides, water content, and other impurities. [...] - Carcinogenic and toxic compounds from manufacturing process: In Apeel’s GRAS submission, the company discloses some of its industrial manufacturing process for its edible coating products. In order to manufacture the mono- and diglycerides which are the main ingredients of all Apeel products, there is toxic residue from ethyl acetate, heptane, palladium, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury which are used in the extraction process of grapeseed leaves. These toxic compounds and solvents have been linked to a host of various health conditions.