evidence: - There is a strong association between deprivation and the risk of death throughout childhood, with children in deprived areas more likely to die.1 [...] - Falling trends have been mirrored in England and Wales, where the rate in 2018 was 9.9 per 100,000 children.2 - The mortality rate is higher in Northern Ireland, but low numbers of deaths in there makes it difficult to interpret trends. The rate in Northern Ireland was 10.0 per 100,000 children3 and in Scotland the rate was 9.7 per 100,000 in 2018.4 - The top three causes of death in the 1-4 age group in England and Wales are: [...] Focus on environmental and social factors to reduce inequalities. Across all age groups, children who live in poverty and deprivation are less likely to survive than their more privileged peers.1 Efforts to reduce child poverty remain crucial to child survival.6 Universal health visiting services play a vital role in this for pre-school children, particularly for accident prevention guidance.