evidence: In his memoirs, Ganpuley wrote, ‘It was cogently and very enthusiastically argued at that meeting in Berlin that ‘Jana Gana Mana’ which defined India as the union of all provinces, languages and religions was most suited for being a national anthem’. [...] It was the same inclusivity that had played a role in the selection of the ‘Jana Gana Mana’ . And when independence had been finally won, India suddenly found that national and international gatherings demanded a national anthem. As cabinet proceedings noted in May, 1948, ‘The question of having a formal National Anthem has assumed a certain urgency…Our foreign embassies specially request instructions. In foreign countries an anthem is played on many occasions and we have been asked by the authorities in these foreign countries as to what our anthem is’. [...] ‘The Jana Gana Mana tune, slightly varied, had been adopted as a National Anthem by the Indian National Army in South East Asia and had subsequently attained a degree of popularity in India also.’