evidence: However, many independent online outlets, individual journalists, and ordinary users, including those from marginalized communities, continue to report on and speak publicly about controversial or political topics.9 - 1Sevanti Ninan, "How India’s news media have changed since 2014: Greater self-censorship, dogged digital resistance," Scroll, July 5, 2019, https://scroll.in/article/929461/greater-self-censorship-dogged-digital….; Kavitha Iyer, "India has launched a sharp assault on press freedom – but independent media is determined to resist," The Scroll, February 15, 2021, https://scroll.in/article/986981/as-more-indians-turn-to-independent-me…. [...] Manipulated content and disinformation spread by domestic actors, including political parties and leaders, continues to permeate the online environment in India. Analysts have raised concerns about the potential increase of content manipulation efforts ahead of the 2024 national elections.1 [...] People risk being arrested and detained for political, social, and religious speech or other forms of online content authorities deem objectionable or derogatory, especially during major political events.