evidence: Northern Korea had little exposure to modern, Western ideas.[24] One partial exception was the penetration of religion. Since the arrival of missionaries in the late nineteenth century, the northwest of Korea, and Pyongyang in particular, had been a stronghold of Christianity.[25] As a result, Pyongyang was called the "Jerusalem of the East".[26] [...] - Ryang, Sonia (2013). "The North Korean Homeland of Koreans in Japan". In Ryang, Sonia (ed.). Koreans in Japan: Critical Voices from the Margin. London: Routledge. pp. 32–54. ISBN 978-1-136-35305-5. [...] Government websites - KCNA Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine – website of the Korean Central News Agency - Naenara Archived 18 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine – the official North Korean governmental portal Naenara - DPRK Foreign Ministry Archived 24 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine – official North Korean foreign ministry website - The Pyongyang Times – official foreign language newspaper of the DPRK