evidence: First is border cooperation. Putin visited Harbin, Heilongjiang province, to attend the opening ceremony of the eighth China-Russia Expo and the fourth Russia-China Forum on Interregional Cooperation, reflecting the importance both countries attach to cross-border co-operation. China and Russia will also be engaged in constructive dialogue with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea about Chinese ships sailing through the lower reaches of the Tumen River. They will jointly develop Heixiazi Island, which is bound to further invigorate cooperation between the Russian Far East and China’s Northeast.