evidence: The spike hypothesis in vaccine-induced adverse effects: questions and answers - PMID: 36114089 - PMCID: PMC9494717 - DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.07.009 [...] Trougakos and colleagues recently discussed the role of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine-induced spike (S) protein in adverse effects following vaccination [1]. We would like hereafter to answer one of their outstanding questions requiring response to improve efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, and to propose an additional question along with its possible answer. [...] Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis.Trends Mol Med. 2022 Jul;28(7):542-554. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007. Epub 2022 Apr 21. Trends Mol Med. 2022. PMID: 35537987 Free PMC article. Review.