evidence: Immigration of EU nationals was an estimated 151,000 for December 2022, a decrease of 45,000 compared with 2021. This group accounted for 13% of total immigration in 2022, down from the pre-pandemic levels of 52% and 42% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. From January 2021, EU nationals have required a visa to enter the UK. However, a proportion of EU migrants with settled status can continue to travel to the UK without a visa. Data on immigration of EU nationals for the last three quarters of 2022 is not yet available and instead is nowcasted using signal data applied to historical estimates. See our methods note for more detail on this, and Section 11: Glossary for the definition of EU. [...] Given that a proportion of EU migrants with settled status can continue to travel to the UK without a visa, we still consider RAPID data to provide the best estimates for measuring EU immigration. Further research will account for those on the EU Settlement Scheme, to explore whether Home Office visa data can be used to estimate the migration of this group in the future. An estimated 187,000 EU nationals immigrated to the UK in YE March 2021. This is broadly comparable with the estimated 189,000 arrivals of EU nationals, based on Census 2021 data.