evidence: Gender disparities are present across all social determinants of health, with some more prominent than others. In education, the historical gender gap has narrowed over the past 50 years, with the percentage of men and women older than 25 years with bachelor's degrees roughly equal now (32 percent and 33 percent, respectively), and the percentage of women ages 25–29 with a bachelor's degree exceeds that of men. However, men still outnumber women in the attainment of degrees beyond a bachelor's degree (Ryan and Bauman, 2016). The gender pay gap, a widely reported disparity in income, has implications for health inequities because income is closely tied to health. A report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine examined gains in life expectancy across different income groups over time and found that while men in the top 60 percent of the income distribution were making gains in life expectancy at age 50, women were experiencing losses in expected life expectancy at age 50 in the bottom two income quintiles and no progress in the third or fourth quintiles (NASEM, 2015). [...] Including consideration of methods to generate stable estimates of disparities through oversampling certain populations where necessary. [...] Note: Comparison of prevalence estimates over time is flawed due to differences in counting and estimation methods.