evidence: Although the two nations actually have several territorial disputes, the village of Olivenza (Olivença in Portuguese) located in the middle of the long border between Spain and Portugal, is probably the most defining one. Olivenza is governed as an independent municipality of Spain, but Portugal has never given up claims to the village which they lost in 1801 during a brief Spanish military offensive. At the treaty of Vienna, Spain agreed to hand the town and its surrounding area to Portugal. However, two centuries later, this still has not happened. Although Portugal has never accepted Olivenza as Spanish, many Portuguese cartographers have simply refrained from drawing a border in the region. On the other side, Spain has not capitalized on the fact that an alleged majority of the inhabitants prefer to remain Spanish, perhaps because this would set an unwanted precedent for Spain’s claim to Gibraltar (where the local population prefer to remain British). Although the dispute rarely causes major problems between the two countries, it matters in diplomatic circles. Furthermore, it has occasionally yielded practical consequences, e.g. when Portugal, fearing to passively acknowledge the border, refused to build a bridge until the European Union agreed to co-finance it. A handover of Olivenza still seems far away, but then again, what else could be expected from a conflict that has already been going for two centuries?