evidence: Fa Hien Cave, also known as Fa-Hien Lena Cave, Pahiyangala Lena, Fahiyanlena (Sinhala: පාහියන්ගල ලෙන), is a prehistoric cave situated in Yatagampitiya village in Bulathsinhala, Kalutara District, Sri Lanka. Named after the Chinese Buddhist monk "Fa Hien", the cave is considered a very crucial locale for understanding the physical and cultural evolution of modern humans in Asia. The cave is also the site of the earliest fossil appearance of H. sapiens in South Asia (Langley et al., 2020; Wedage et al., 2019). [...] Human skeletons, microlith stone tools, and the remains of hunted animals have been found in Fa Hien cave deposited in layers ranging from c. 38 000 to 4 500 cal BP (Perera, 2014). Human skeletal remains of over 9 individuals, dated to ca. 38 000, 37 000, 29 000, 8 000, 7 700, 5 500 BP, have been unearthed from the site (Deraniyagala, 2007). These human remains represent Sri Lanka's Mesolithic human, popularly termed "Balangoda Man" (Deraniyagala, 2007). [...] During the 1980s, the area including the Pahiyangala was developed with the aid received from China.