query: original_language_of_work sakuran
supports: Sakuran (  , lit. `` Derangement '' ) , is a manga series created by Moyoco Anno . The manga is about a girl , Kiyoha ( though she goes through different names while growing up the hierarchy ) who becomes a tayu or oiran courtesan . North American publisher Vertical Inc released it in English in July 2012 . Works.
  Her manga and books have attained considerable popularity among young women in Japan. Though she primarily writes manga of the josei demographic, her most popular series, "Sugar Sugar Rune", (serialized in "Nakayoshi") is targeted at primary school-aged girls. In a recent Oricon poll, she was voted the number eight most popular manga artist among females and thirteen in the general category. Her manga "Happy Mania" was made into a television series in 1998, followed by "Hataraki Man" in October 2007. "Sakuran" was made into a movie in 2006.  Kanji, or "kan'ji", are the adopted logographic Chinese characters (') that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana and katakana. The Japanese term "kanji" for the Chinese characters literally means "Han characters" and is written using the same characters as the Chinese word '. The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as "The Adventures of Tintin". American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning ("") propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia. The term "manga" (kanji: ; hiragana: ; katakana:  or ) in Japan is a word used to refer to both comics and cartooning. "Manga" as a term used outside Japan refers to comics originally published in Japan. , established in 1999, is the holding company at the head of a Japanese corporate group that supplies statistics and information on music and the music industry in Japan. It started as , which was founded by Sk Koike in November 1967 and became known for its music charts. Oricon Inc. was originally set up as a subsidiary of Original Confidence and took over the latters Oricon record charts in April 2002. Hiragana and katakana are both kana systems. With one or two minor exceptions, each sound in the Japanese language (strictly, each mora) is represented by one character (or one digraph) in each system. This may be either a vowel such as ""a"" (hiragana ); a consonant followed by a vowel such as ""ka"" (); or ""n"" (), a nasal sonorant which, depending on the context, sounds either like English "m", "n", or "ng", or like the nasal vowels of French. Because the characters of the kana do not represent single consonants (except in the case of  "n"), the kana are referred to as syllabaries and not alphabets. Etymology.
  The word "oiran" comes from the Japanese phrase which translates into "my elder sister." When written in kanji, the word consists of two characters,  meaning "flower", and  meaning "leader" or "first." Technically, only the high-class prostitutes of Yoshiwara were called "oiran", although the term is widely applied to all. In contrast to the hiragana syllabary, which is used for those Japanese language words and grammatical inflections which kanji does not cover, the katakana syllabary usage is quite similar to italics in English; specifically, it is used for transcription of foreign language words into Japanese and the writing of loan words (collectively "gairaigo"); for emphasis; to represent onomatopoeia; for technical and scientific terms; and for names of plants, animals, minerals, and often Japanese companies. Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest. 
candidates: chinese english japanese russia
answer: japanese