query: date_of_birth eilhart von oberge
supports: Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the "Gesamtkunstwerk" ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen" ("The Ring of the Nibelung"). Old High German (OHG, , German abbr. "") is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally covering the period from around 700 to 1050 AD. Coherent written texts do not appear until the second half of the 8th century, and some treat the period before 750 as "prehistoric" and date the start of Old High German proper to 750 for this reason. There are, however, a number of Elder Futhark inscriptions dating to the 6th century (notably the Pforzen buckle), as well as single words and many names found in Latin texts predating the 8th century. Early New High German (ENHG) is a term for the period in the history of the German language, generally defined, following Wilhelm Scherer, as the period 1350 to 1650. England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. Tristan and Iseult is a tale made popular during the 12th century through Anglo-Norman literature, inspired by Celtic legend, particularly the stories of Deirdre and Naoise and Diarmuid Ua Duibhne and Gráinne. It has become an influential romance and tragedy, retold in numerous sources with many variations. The tragic story is of the adulterous love between the Cornish knight Tristan (Tristram) and the Irish princess Iseult (Isolde, Yseult, etc.). The narrative predates and most likely influenced the romance of Lancelot and Guinevere in the Matter of Britain and has had a substantial impact on Western art, the idea of romantic love, and Western literature since it first appeared in the 12th century. While the details of the story differ from one author to another, the overall plot structure remains much the same. Guinevere, often written as Guenevere or Gwenevere, was the wife of King Arthur of legend. She first appears as "Guanhumara" (with many spelling variants in the manuscript tradition) in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudo-historical chronicle of British history, the "Historia Regum Britanniae" (written circa 1136 AD) and is first found in medieval Welsh prose in the mid-late 12th century tale "Culhwch and Olwen" as Arthur's wife "Gwenhwyfar". In medieval romances, one of the most prominent story arcs is Queen Guinevere's love affair with her husband's chief knight, Lancelot. This story first appeared in Chrétien de Troyes's "Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart" and became a motif in Arthurian literature, starting with the Lancelot-Grail of the early 13th century and carrying through the Post-Vulgate Cycle and Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur". Guinevere and Lancelot's betrayal of Arthur preceded his eventual defeat at the Battle of Camlann by Mordred. Eilhart von Oberge was a German poet of the late 12th century . He is known exclusively through his Middle High German romance Tristrant , the oldest surviving complete version of the Tristan and Iseult story in any language . Tristrant is part of the `` common '' or `` primitive '' branch of the legend , best known through Béroul 's fragmentary Norman language Tristan . It is German literature 's first rendition of the story , though Gottfried von Strassburg 's Tristan , part of the `` courtly '' branch , is more famous and respected . It is usually considered that Eilhart adapted his work from French source , likely the same one used by Béroul , but the differences between Tristrant and Béroul 's work suggest that Eilhart was not particularly faithful to the original . Some episodes and details appearing in surviving fragments of Béroul are altered or omitted entirely , for instance Iseult 's equivocal oath of fidelity to her husband Mark ( in Béroul she swears she has had no man `` between her legs '' besides Mark and a beggar who carries her over a stream on his back ; the beggar is really her lover Tristan in disguise . ) Tristrant also preserves scenes that do not survive in the known French fragments , most notably the conclusion ; it contains the earliest known telling of Tristan 's banishment and marriage to the second Iseult ( the daughter of Hoel of Brittany ) , and of the lovers ' deaths in a tragic turn of events . Because of its relatively early date of composition , its relationship to Béroul 's common branch , and its relatively intact state , Eilhart 's Tristrant is of interest to scholars documenting the development of the Tristan and Iseult legend . French academic Joseph Bédier used it as the template for his Romance of Tristan and Iseult , his attempt to reconstruct what the story may have been like in its earliest state ( the so - called `` Ur - Tristan . `` ) Its esteem as a work of literature , however , often suffers in comparison to the other major versions . For example , Lacy , Ashe and Mancroff 's The Arthurian Handbook says the poem is '' overshadowed `` by Gottfried 's masterful version and provides its characters with weak psychological motivations , though it is still '' worthy of admiration . `` As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and is sometimes called the Age of the Cistercians. In Song dynasty China an invasion by Jurchens caused a political schism of north and south. The Khmer Empire of Cambodia flourished during this century, while the Fatimids of Egypt were overtaken by the Ayyubid dynasty. Tristan legend cycle.
  Tristan made his first appearance in the twelfth century in Celtic mythology circulating in the north of France and the Kingdom of Brittany, which had close ancestral and cultural links with Cornwall by way of the ancient British kingdom of Dumnonia, as made clear in the story itself, and the closely related Cornish and Breton languages. Although the oldest stories concerning Tristan are lost, some of the derivatives still exist. Most early versions fall into one of two branches, the "courtly" branch represented in the retellings of the Anglo-Norman poet Thomas of Britain and his German successor Gottfried von Strassburg, and in the "Folie Tristan d'Oxford"; and the "common" branch, including the works of the French. The name Tristan is also known as "Trischin" in the Maltese culture. Anglo-Norman literature is literature composed in the Anglo-Norman language developed during the period 10661204 when the Duchy of Normandy and England were united in the Anglo-Norman realm. Norman (', , Guernésiais: "Normand", Jèrriais: "Nouormand") is a Romance language which can be classified as one of the Oïl languages along with Picard and Walloon. The name Norman-French"' is sometimes used to describe not only the Norman language, but also the administrative languages of "Anglo-Norman" and "Law French" used in England. For the most part, the written forms of Norman and modern French are intercomprehensible. Thomas of Britain was a poet of the 12th century. He is known for his Old French poem "Tristan", a version of the Tristan and Iseult legend that exists only in eight fragments, amounting to around 3,300 lines of verse, mostly from the latter part of the story. It is calculated that this represents about one sixth of the original. Gottfried von Strassburg (died c. 1210) is the author of the Middle High German courtly romance "Tristan", an adaptation of the 12th-century "Tristan and Iseult" legend. Gottfried's work is regarded, alongside Wolfram von Eschenbach's "Parzival" and the "Nibelungenlied", as one of the great narrative masterpieces of the German Middle Ages. He is probably also the composer of a small number of surviving lyrics. His work became a source of inspiration for Richard Wagner's opera "Tristan und Isolde". Iseult (or ), alternatively Isolde (or ), Iseo, Yseult, Isode, Isoude, Izolda, Esyllt, Isotta, is the name of several characters in the Arthurian story of Tristan and Iseult. The most prominent is Iseult of Ireland, wife of Mark of Cornwall and adulterous lover of Sir Tristan. Her mother, the Queen of Ireland, is also named Iseult. The third is Iseult of the White Hands, the daughter of Hoel of Brittany, sister of Sir Kahedin, and eventual wife of Tristan. Tristan und Isolde ("Tristan and Isolde", or "Tristan and Isolda", or "Tristran and Ysolt") is an opera, or music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner to a German libretto by the composer, based largely on the romance by Gottfried von Strassburg. It was composed between 1857 and 1859 and premiered at the Königliches Hof- und Nationaltheater in Munich on 10 June 1865 with Hans von Bülow conducting. Wagner referred to the work not as an opera, but called it "eine Handlung" (literally "a drama", "a plot" or "an action"), which was the equivalent of the term used by the Spanish playwright Calderón for his dramas. Brittany ( pronounced or ; Gallo: "Bertaèyn", pronounced ) is a cultural region in the north-west of France. Covering the western part of Armorica, as it was known during the period of Roman occupation, Brittany subsequently became an independent kingdom and then a duchy before being united with the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province governed as if it were a separate nation under the crown. Brittany has also been referred to as "Less", "Lesser" or "Little" Britain (as opposed to "Great Britain"). It is bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Bay of Biscay to the south. Its land area is 34,023 km² . Middle High German is the German language between 1050 and 1350. It is preceded by Old High German and followed by Early New High German. In some uses, the term covers a longer period, going up to 1500.
candidates: 10 100 1050 1066 1101 1136 1200 1204 1210 1350 1532 1650 1849 1857 1865 22 3 300 34 700 750
answer: 1200