query: record_label yesterday's men
supports: The UK Singles Chart (currently entitled Official Singles Chart) is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC), on behalf of the British record industry, listing the top-selling singles in the United Kingdom, based upon physical sales, paid-for downloads and streaming. To be eligible for the chart, a single is currently defined by the Official Charts Company (OCC) as either a 'single bundle' having no more than four tracks and not lasting longer than 25 minutes or one digital audio track not longer than 15 minutes with a minimum sale price of 40 pence. The rules have changed many times as technology has developed, the most notable being the inclusion of digital downloads in 2005 and streaming in 2014. Steve Nieve (born Steven Nason, 19 February 1958) is an English musician and composer. In a career spanning more than 30 years, Nieve has been a member of Elvis Costello and the Attractions, the Imposters and Madness. He has also experienced success as a prolific session musician, featured on a wide array of other artists' recordings. Ska (Jamaican ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off-beat. Ska developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Prince Buster, Clement "Coxsone" Dodd, and Duke Reid formed sound systems to play American rhythm & blues and then began recording their own songs. Some suggest ska dates to earlier times, however. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods. Later it became popular with many skinheads. The Official Charts Company (previously known as the Chart Information Network (CIN) The Official UK Charts Company and also referred to Official Charts) is a British inter-professional organisation that compiles various "official" record charts in the United Kingdom, including the UK Singles Chart, the UK Albums Chart, the UK Singles Downloads Chart and the UK Album Downloads Chart, as well as genre-specific and music video charts. The OCC produces its charts by gathering and combining sales data from retailers through market researchers Millward Brown, and claims to cover 99% of the singles market and 95% of the album market, and aims to collect data from any retailer who sells more than 100 chart items per week. Virgin Records is a major record label first founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell and musician Tom Newman in 1972. The company grew to be a worldwide phenomenon over time with the success of its platinum performers such as Janet Jackson, Roy Orbison, Devo, Genesis, Keith Richards, the Human League, Culture Club, Simple Minds, Lenny Kravitz, dc Talk, the Smashing Pumpkins, Mike Oldfield, Spice Girls and more on their list of artists. It was later sold to Thorn EMI in 1992. Afrodiziak was a British singing group composed of Caron Wheeler, Claudia Fontaine, and later Naomi Thompson, that was active in the 1980s. As a duo, Wheeler and Fontaine were best known for performing backing vocals on The Jam's final single "Beat Surrender" in 1982 (with whom they also performed on their final tour) and Elvis Costello's 1983 album "Punch the Clock", especially its single, the international hit "Everyday I Write the Book". After the addition of a third member, Naomi Thompson, they went on to sing for acts such as Heaven 17 and Howard Jones. Afrodiziak performed backing vocals on the hit single Free Nelson Mandela, including the a cappella intro, staging it at The Tube (Channel4) in March 1984. Heaven 17's 1984 album, "How Men Are", featured them prominently, especially on the singles "Sunset Now" and "And That's No Lie". In 1984 and 1985 they performed on Madness's albums "Keep Moving" and "Mad Not Mad" respectively, also appearing in the video for the Madness single "Sweetest Girl" . Also in 1985, they performed backing vocals on the first two songs on Howard Jones' second album, "Dream Into Action", both of which ("Things Can Only Get Better" and "Life in One Day") became worldwide hit singles; later that year, they went on tour as part of Jones' band. Other acts the group sang backup for include Japan, Ian Gillan, Aztec Camera, Maxi Priest, Aswad, Sam Brown, and Julia Fordham. Besides "The Tube", Afrodiziak also appeared on "Top of the Pops", "The Old Grey Whistle Test", "Solid Gold", and "American Bandstand". They performed live at the Montreux Jazz Festival, Live Aid Japan, Red Nose Day of Charity, and the first Free Nelson Mandela Concert. "(Waiting For) The Ghost-Train" is a single by Madness. Released in 1986 shortly after the band announced it was to split, it was their last single prior to getting back together in 1992. It spent nine weeks in the UK charts, peaking at number 18. Although not on a studio album, it was on the band's second singles compilation album, "Utter Madness". Mad Not Mad is the sixth studio album by the English ska/pop band Madness. It was originally released in September 1985, and was their first official release on their own label Zarjazz, which was a sub-label of Virgin Records. The album was recorded over a period of two months in 1985, at Westside Studios in London, and at Air studios also in London. The album is generally regarded as the culmination of the smoother, more adult-oriented sound of the band's later work. It features three prolific guest backing vocalists, including the female duo Afrodiziak (composed of Caron Wheeler and Claudia Fontaine), and Jimmy Helms. The album is notably the band's only album not to feature their keyboardist and founding member Mike Barson, who had left the group the previous year to spend more time with his now ex-wife Sandra in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Barson's keyboard parts were filled by synthesizers and Steve Nieve joined the band to take his place. Two years after the album Madness disbanded, but Barson did join them for the recording of their one-off single, "(Waiting For) The Ghost Train". The album was their last recording of original material until they officially reformed in 1992. The album peaked at No. 16 in the UK charts, and achieved silver status from the BPI. However, the album remains the band's poorest selling studio album to date. It featured the songs "Yesterday's Men", "Uncle Sam", and "Sweetest Girl" which were all released as singles, with corresponding music videos. The three singles that were released all reached the Top 40 in the UK charts, however the latter two failed to make the Top 20, which was a first for any Madness single. The aforementioned "Sweetest Girl" was a cover version of a song by the British post-punk/new wave band Scritti Politti. Claudia Fontaine (born 26 August 1960) is an English backing vocalist from Bethnal Green, London, England. She has sung with artists such as Betty Boo, Dusty Springfield, Claudia Brücken, Julia Fordham, Marilyn, and the bands Pink Floyd and The Beatmasters. She is also a recurring vocalist for Incognito. Caron Wheeler (born 19 January 1963) is a British singer, songwriter, record producer and musician. Born and raised in London, she performed in various singing competitions as a teenager and began her recording career as one of the founding members of Brown Sugar. She was also one of the founding member of the female backing vocalist group Afrodiziak. She officially rose to fame in the late 1980s as lead singer of R&B group Soul II Soul. Managed by her fellow bandmate, Jazzie B, the group became one of the London's best-selling groups of all time. Their debut album, "Club Classics Vol. One" (1989), which established them as a global success worldwide, earned two Grammy Awards and featured the UK and Billboard number-one singles "Keep on Movin'" and "Back to Life (However Do You Want Me)". Mike Barson (born 21 April 1958) is a Scottish-born English multi-instrumentalist, songwriter, and composer. In a career spanning nearly 40 years, Barson came to prominence in the late 1970s as the keyboardist for the band Madness. `` Yesterday 's Men '' is a single by British band Madness from their 1985 album Mad Not Mad . The song spent 7 weeks on the UK Singles Chart peaking at number 18 . The song was edited for release as a single , the album version being some thirty seconds longer . Post-punk (originally "new musick") is a broad type of rock music that emerged from the punk movement of the 1970s, in which artists departed from punk rock's raw, accessible style to pursue a variety of avant-garde sensibilities. Attempting to break from rock tradition, post-punk artists experimented with sources such as electronic music, black dance music and the avant-garde, as well as novel recording technology and production techniques. The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists incorporated ideas from sources such as modernist literature, critical theory, cinema, and performance art. Accompanying these musical developments were communities that produced independent record labels, visual art, multimedia performances and fanzines in conjunction with the music. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union. Zarjazz was a record label and sub-label of Virgin Records.
candidates: 1982 album digital audio duke reid english european union japan labels record reggae rock music studio album uk singles chart united kingdom virgin records zarjazz
answer: zarjazz