query: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity polsterberg pumphouse
supports: The Sperberhai Dyke is in fact an aqueduct which forms part of the Upper Harz Water Regale network of reservoirs, ditches, dams and tunnels in the Harz mountains of central Germany. It carries the water of the Dyke Ditch over the depression of the Sperberhai to the Clausthal plateau. Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from an area. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils is good enough to prevent severe waterlogging (anaerobic conditions that harm root growth), but many soils need artificial drainage to improve production or to manage water supplies. The Söse is a right tributary of the river Rhume, 38 kilometres long, in Lower Saxony, Germany. The Innerste is a river in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Leine river and 95 km in length.  At , the Bruchberg in the Upper Harz is the second highest mountain in Lower Saxony and the third highest in the Harz mountains in North Germany. It lies between Altenau and Torfhaus in the middle of the Harz National Park. The Bruchberg is more like a plateau and has no real summit. This plateau is partly covered with trees, but on the sunny southern slopes the trees have largely died as a result of bark beetle infestation (see photograph below). Following this insect destruction, a new natural forest, rich in its variety of species, is now growing in the heart of the Harz National Park. Infrastructure refers to structures, systems, and facilities serving the economy of a business, industry, country, city, town, or area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function. The Harz is the highest mountain range in Northern Germany and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name "Harz" derives from the Middle High German word "Hardt" or "Hart" (mountain forest), Latinized as "Hercynia". The legendary Brocken is the highest summit in the Harz with a height of above sea level. The Wurmberg is the highest peak located entirely within Lower Saxony. The Oker is a river in Lower Saxony, Germany, that has historically formed an important political boundary. It is a left tributary of the River Aller, in length and runs in a generally northerly direction. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf. The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked federal state of Germany, bordering the federal states of Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland (Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeships) and the Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary, Liberec and Ústí nad Labem Regions). Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig. Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the Earth's surface. This might occur because soil is saturated to full capacity, because rain arrives more quickly than soil can absorb it, or because impervious areas (roofs and pavement) send their runoff to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it. Surface runoff is a major component of the water cycle. It is the primary agent in soil erosion by water. The Polsterberg Pumphouse ( German : Polsterberger Hubhaus ) is a pumping station above the Dyke Ditch in the Upper Harz in central Germany which is used today as a forest restaurant . As part of the Upper Harz Water Regale it was built in the 18th century and was used to lift the water needed in Clausthal for the mining industry from the Dyke Ditch ( Dammgraben ) to the level of the highest pond , the Hirschler Pond . Aside from this water hoist , the Dyke Ditch supplied , and still supplies , water over ditches and tunnels to the Hausherzberg Ponds and the Lower Peacock Pond ( Unterer Pfauenteich ) ( see also Middle Peacock Pond ) . The problem was however , that , as it happened , the most productive silver mines in the Upper Harz mining region , the Caroline Pit and the Dorothea Pit , were high up in the mountains and could only be supplied with water power from the Hirschler Pond . The motive force for the wooden piston pumps was won in the Polster valley below by two water wheels . The headrace for these water wheels was brought via the Heller Valley Ditch ( Hellertal Graben ) from the Heller valley and from the Fortune Pond over its Bottom Ditch ( Grundgraben ) , but frictional losses and poor efficiencies meant that a considerable amount of headrace water was required in order to lift just a few litres of water from the Dyke Ditch . These wheels transferred their output power over 260 and 560 m long flat rods made of wood to the pumping station on the Polsterberg hill . In the pumping station the water from the Dyke Ditch was pumped 8 m higher and fed into drinking troughs from which it was then further transported via the Hutthal Ditch and Huttaler Widerwaage to the Hirschler Pond , or via the Jägersbleek Tunnel and Ditch . The Polsterberg Pumphouse also acted as living accommodation for the master pumper and the ditch keepers , as well as a bar ( Schankstube ) . At the beginning of the 20th century the wooden structures were replaced by electrically - drive pumps ; the original can still be seen in the pumphouse by the ditch . Today the building is listed . It is purely run as a restaurant and is a popular destination for walkers from Altenau and Clausthal - Zellerfeld . Like the nearby Sperberhai Dam House it lies on the Harz High Road , the B 242 . See also : Polster Valley Wheel House Upper Harz Water Regale Pumping stations are facilities including pumps and equipment for pumping fluids from one place to another. They are used for a variety of infrastructure systems, such as the supply of water to canals, the drainage of low-lying land, and the removal of sewage to processing sites. The Upper Harz refers to the northwestern and higher part of the Harz mountain range in Germany. The exact boundaries of this geographical region may be defined differently depending on the context. In its traditional sense, the term Upper Harz covers the area of the seven historical mining towns ("Bergstädte") - Clausthal, Zellerfeld, Andreasberg, Altenau, Lautenthal, Wildemann and Grund - in the present-day German federal state of Lower Saxony. Orographically, it comprises the Harz catchment areas of the Söse, Innerste and Grane, Oker and Abzucht mountain streams, all part of the larger Weser watershed. Lower Saxony is a German state ("Bundesland") situated in northwestern Germany and is second in area, with , and fourth in population (8 million) among the sixteen "Länder" of Germany. In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, and Saterland Frisian, a variety of Frisian, are still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining. Canals and navigations are human-made channels for water conveyance (supply), or to service water transport vehicles. In the vernacular, both are referred to as 'canals', and in most cases, the engineered works will have a series of dams and locks that create areas of low speed current flow. These areas are referred to as" 'slack water levels'," often just called 'levels'.
  The main difference between them is that a navigation parallels a river and shares part of its waters, its drainage basin and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its long stretches of "deep enough" slack water levels while staying in its valley. In contrast, a canal cuts across a drainage divide atop a ridge (however humble), generally requiring an external water source above the highest elevation. Many canals have been built at elevations towering over valleys and others water ways crossing far below. Cities need a lot of fresh water and many canals with sources of water at a higher level can deliver water to a destination where there is a lack of water. The Roman Empire's Aqueducts were such water supply canals. The Brocken, also sometimes referred to as the Blocksberg, is the highest peak of the Harz mountain range and also the highest peak of Northern Germany; it is located near Schierke in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt between the rivers Weser and Elbe. Although its elevation of is below alpine dimensions, its microclimate resembles that of mountains of about . The peak above the tree line tends to have a snow cover from September to May, and mists and fogs shroud it up to 300 days of the year. The mean annual temperature is only . It is the easternmost mountain in northern Germany; travelling east in a straight line, the next prominent elevation would be in the Ural Mountains in Russia. Sewage is a water-carried waste, in solution or suspension, that is intended to be removed from a community. Also known as domestic or municipal wastewater, it is characterized by volume or rate of flow, physical condition, chemical and toxic constituents, and its bacteriologic status (which organisms it contains and in what quantities). It consists mostly of greywater (from sinks, tubs, showers, dishwashers, and clothes washers), blackwater (the water used to flush toilets, combined with the human waste that it flushes away); soaps and detergents; and toilet paper (less so in regions where bidets are widely used instead of paper). Whether it also contains surface runoff depends on the design of sewer system. Wildemann is a town and a former municipality in the district of Goslar, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It has been part of the town Clausthal-Zellerfeld since January 1 2015. It is situated in the west of the Harz, northwest of Clausthal-Zellerfeld. It was part of the former "Samtgemeinde" ("collective municipality") Oberharz. The formerly free mining town ("Bergstadt") of Lautenthal in Germany is a state-recognised, climatic spa with around 2,000 inhabitants that has been part of the borough of Langelsheim since 1972. The Dyke Ditch is the longest artificial ditch in the Upper Harz in central Germany. Its purpose was to collect surface runoff for the operation of the Upper Harz mining industry from precipitation-heavy regions a long way away (particularly from the Bruchberg and parts of the Brocken massif). It was laid in 1732 and continually extended eastwards until 1827. Its original length was about 25 km; this was successively shortened by water tunnels between 1820 and 1861 to around 19 km. It is a central component of the Upper Harz Water Regale. Its takes its name from the Sperberhai Dyke which is, in fact, an embankment on top of which the Dyke Ditch runs in an aqueduct in order to cross a depression. The Weser is a river in Northwestern Germany. Formed at Hannoversch Münden by the confluence of the rivers Fulda and Werra, it flows through Lower Saxony, then reaching the Hanseatic-town Bremen (see: Hanseatic League), before emptying further north at Bremerhaven into the North Sea. On the opposite (west) bank is the town of Nordenham at the foot of the Butjadingen Peninsula; thus, the mouth of the river is in Lower Saxony. The Weser has an overall length of . Together with its Werra tributary, which originates in Thuringia, its length is .
candidates: aller berlin bremen bremerhaven canals central cologne cross czech republic district düsseldorf earth european union free state germany goslar grane harz harz national park humble liberec lot lower saxony most mountain nordenham north northern of poland river roman empire summit west
answer: lower saxony