query: has_part house of aviz
supports: A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. It differs from a federation in that each constituent state has an independent government, whereas a unitary state is united by a central government. The ruler in a personal union does not need to be a hereditary monarch. In political science and political history, the term power vacuum, also known as a power void, is an analogy between a physical vacuum, to the political condition "when someone has lost control of something and no one has replaced them." The situation can occur when a government has no identifiable central power or authority. The physical analogy suggests that in a power vacuum, other forces will tend to "rush in" to fill the vacuum as soon as it is created, perhaps in the form of an armed militia or insurgents, military coup, warlord or dictator. The Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 came about as a result of the death of young King Sebastian I of Portugal in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir in 1578. As Sebastian had no immediate heirs, this event prompted a dynastic crisis, with internal and external battles between several pretenders to the Portuguese throne; in addition, because Sebastian's body was never found, several impostors emerged over the next several years claiming to be the young king, further confusing the situation. Ultimately, Philip II of Spain gained control of the country, uniting the Portuguese and Spanish Crowns in the Iberian Union, a personal union that would last for 60 years, during which time the Portuguese Empire declined. The Seventeen Provinces was a term applied to the Imperial states of the Habsburg Netherlands in the 15th and 16th century. They roughly covered the Low Countries, i.e. the current Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, plus most of the modern French department of Nord including Artois, French Flanders, and French Hainaut. Also enclosed in this area were semi-independent fiefdoms, mainly ecclesiastical ones, such as Liège, Cambrai and Stavelot-Malmedy. The Battle of Alcazar (Portuguese: "Batalha de Alcácer Quibir", also known as "Battle of Three Kings" (  ) or "Battle of Oued al-Makhazin" (  ) in Morocco) was fought in northern Morocco, near the town of Ksar-el-Kebir (variant spellings: " Ksar El Kebir, Alcácer-Quivir, Alcazarquivir, Alcassar", etc.) and Larache, on 4 August 1578. 
  The combatants were the army of the deposed Moroccan Sultan Abu Abdallah Mohammed II, with his ally, the King of Portugal Sebastian I, against a large Moroccan army nominally under the new Sultan of Morocco (and uncle of Abu Abdallah Mohammed II) Abd Al-Malik I. Dom Ferdinand I (Portuguese: "Fernando"; 31 October 1345  22 October 1383), sometimes called the Handsome ("o Formoso" or "o Belo" ) or occasionally the Inconstant ("o Inconstante"), was the King of Portugal and the Algarve from 1367 until his death in 1383. His death led to the 1383-85 crisis, also known as the "Portuguese interregnum". A warlord is a leader able to exercise military, economic, and political control over a subnational territory within a sovereign state due to his ability to mobilize loyal armed forces. These armed forces, usually considered militias, are loyal to the warlord rather than to the state regime. Warlords have existed throughout much of history, albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political, economic, and social structure of states or ungoverned territories. The House of Aviz ( modern Portuguese : Avis ; Portuguese pronunciation : ( vi ) ) was the second dynasty of the kings of Portugal . In 1385 , the Interregnum of the 1383 - 1385 crisis ended when the Cortes of Coimbra proclaimed the Master of the monastic military Order of Aviz as King John I. John was the natural ( illegitimate ) son of King Peter I and Dona Teresa Lourenço , and so was half - brother to the last king of the Portuguese House of Burgundy or Afonsine Dynasty , Ferdinand I of Portugal . The House of Aviz continued to rule Portugal until Philip II of Spain inherited the Portuguese crown with the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 . The descendants of King John I were still also Masters of Aviz , though at times that title passed to one descendant of John and the Crown of Portugal to another . The title of Grand Master of the Order of Aviz was permanently incorporated into the Portuguese Crown toward the end of rule by the House of Aviz , in 1551 . The Portuguese Empire, also known as the Portuguese Overseas ("Ultramar Português"), was the first colonial empire, spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the grant of sovereignty to East Timor in 2002. The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories that are now parts of 60 different sovereign states. It was one of the largest empires in history and at the peak of its power, was the first to reach global dimensions through a long network of numerous territories and smaller possessions. Portugal's colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth. Philip II of Spain (21 May 1527  13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (155698), King of Portugal (158198, as "Philip I", "Filipe I"), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and during his marriage to Queen Mary I (155458) "jure uxoris" King of England and Ireland. He was also Duke of Milan. From 1555, he was lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands. A reign is the period of a person's or dynasty's occupation of the office of monarch of a nation (e.g., Saudi Arabia, Belgium, Andorra), of a people (e.g., the Franks, the Zulus) or of a spiritual community (e.g., Roman Catholicism, Tibetan Buddhism, Nizari Ismailism). In most hereditary monarchies and some elective monarchies (e.g., Holy Roman Empire) there have been no limits on the duration of a sovereign's reign or incumbency, nor is there a term of office. Thus, a reign usually lasts until the monarch dies, unless the monarchy itself is abolished or the monarch abdicates or is deposed. The Iberian Union was the dynastic union of the Crown of Portugal and the Spanish Crown between 1580 and 1640, bringing the entire Iberian Peninsula, as well as Spanish and Portuguese overseas possessions, under the Spanish Habsburg kings Philip II, Philip III and Philip IV of Spain. The union began as a result of the Portuguese crisis of succession and the ensuing War of the Portuguese Succession and lasted 60 years, until the Portuguese Restoration War in which the House of Braganza was established as Portugal's new ruling dynasty. The Netherlands  is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament. The name "Holland" is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands. An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order. Archetypally, it was the period of time between the reign of one monarch and the next (coming from Latin "inter-", "between" and "rgnum", "reign" [from "rex, rgis", "king"]), and the concepts of interregnum and regency therefore overlap. Historically, the longer and heavier interregna were typically accompanied by widespread unrest, civil and succession wars between warlords, and power vacuums filled by foreign invasions or the emergence of a new power. A failed state is usually in interregnum. Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla. A failed state is a political body that has disintegrated to a point where basic conditions and responsibilities of a sovereign government no longer function properly. Likewise, when a nation weakens and its standard of living declines, it introduces the possibility of governmental collapse. The Fund for Peace characterizes a failed state as having the following characteristics: Jure uxoris is a Latin term that means "by right of (his) wife". "Jure" is the ablative case of "jus", meaning a legal right. It is most commonly used to refer to a title of nobility held by a man because his wife holds it "suo jure" ("in her own right"). Similarly, the husband of an heiress could become the legal possessor of her lands "jure uxoris", "by right of [his] wife", as in England where, until the Married Women's Property Act 1882, married women were legally incapable of owning real estate. "Jure uxoris" monarchs are not to be confused with kings consort, who were merely consorts of their wives, not co-rulers. The Military Order of Aviz, previously to 1910 "Royal Military Order of Aviz", previously to 1789 "Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz", previously "Knights of St. Benedict of Aviz" or "Friars of Santa Maria of Évora", is a Portuguese Order of Chivalry. It gave its name and coat of arms to the Aviz Dynasty that ruled Portugal between 1385 and 1580.
candidates: 1578 a atlantic ocean belgium ceuta crown e france french function germany he history house of braganza i king legal right luxembourg melilla militia netherlands o one order part point portugal queen s science sebastian social structure spain state the office the town time war
answer: house of braganza