query: country_of_citizenship tiberius gemellus
supports: Antonia Minor ("PIR" A 885), also known as Julia Antonia Minor, Antonia the Younger or simply Antonia (31 January 36 BC - September/October AD 37) was the younger of two daughters of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor. She was a niece of the Emperor Augustus, sister-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger, mother of the Emperor Claudius, and both maternal great-grandmother and paternal great-aunt of the Emperor Nero. She was additionally the maternal great-aunt of the Empress Valeria Messalina and Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix, the paternal grandmother of Claudia Antonia, Claudia Octavia, and Britannicus and the maternal grandmother of Julia Livia and Tiberius Gemellus. Augustus (23 September 63 BC  19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting in 27 BC). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history. Often when a given Roman is described as becoming "emperor" in English, it reflects his taking of the title "Augustus" or "Caesar". Another title often used was "imperator", originally a military honorific. Early Emperors also used the title "princeps" (first citizen). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles, notably "Princeps Senatus", "Consul" and "Pontifex Maximus". Germanicus (24 May 15 BC  10 October AD 19) was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty and a prominent general of the early Roman Empire. He was born in Rome, Italia, to Nero Claudius Drusus and his wife Antonia Minor. His original name at birth was either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father, or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle, the second Roman emperor Tiberius. The agnomen "Germanicus" was added to his full name in 9 BC when it was posthumously awarded to his father in honour of his victories in Germania. By AD 4 he was adopted as Tiberius' son and heir. As a result, Germanicus was adopted out of the Claudii and into the Julii. In accordance with Roman naming conventions, he adopted the name Germanicus Julius Caesar. The term Julio-Claudian dynasty refers to the first five Roman emperorsAugustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Neroor the family to which they belonged. They ruled the Roman Empire from its formation under Augustus in the second half of the 1st century (44/31/27) BC, until AD 68 when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide. Tiberius Julius Caesar Nero Gemellus , known as Tiberius Gemellus ( 10 October AD 19 -- AD 37 or 38 ) was the son of Drusus and Livilla , the grandson of the Emperor Tiberius , and the cousin of the Emperor Caligula . Gemellus is a nickname meaning `` the twin '' . His twin brother , Tiberius Claudius Caesar Germanicus II Gemellus , died in early childhood in 23 AD . Gemellus ' father Drusus died mysteriously when Gemellus was only four . It is believed that Drusus died at the hands of the Praetorian Prefect , Lucius Aelius Sejanus . His mother Livilla was either put to death or committed suicide because she had been plotting with Sejanus to overthrow Tiberius , and also because she may have worked with Sejanus to poison her husband . Little is known about Gemellus ' life , as he was largely ignored by most of the Imperial family , so much so that one of the major landmarks of his youth , the toga virilis , was n't celebrated until he was eighteen . The normal age to celebrate this was fourteen years . At the age of twelve Gemellus was summoned to the island of Capri where Tiberius lived , along with his cousin Caligula . Tiberius made both Caligula and Gemellus joint - heirs , but it was clear that Tiberius favored Caligula over his own grandson . Livilla had been Sejanus ' lover for a number of years before their deaths , and many including Tiberius believed that both Gemelli were really Sejanus ' sons . Tiberius died March 16 , 37 AD , and Caligula became Emperor . Caligula made Gemellus his adopted son not long afterwards , but ordered him killed in late 37 AD or early 38 AD for allegedly plotting against Caligula while he was ill. Suetonius writes that Caligula `` sent a military tribune to kill young Tiberius without warning , on the pretext that Tiberius had insulted him by taking an antidote against poison - his breath smelled of it ... young Tiberius ' breath smelled of medicine taken for a persistent cough which was gaining a hold on his lungs . '' Little has been written about Gemellus . Most of the information we know about him has been connected to material about Caligula . Claudia Livia Julia (Classical Latin: ) (c. 13 BC  AD 31) was the only daughter of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia Minor and sister of the Roman Emperor Claudius and general Germanicus, and thus the paternal aunt of the emperor Caligula and maternal great-aunt of emperor Nero, as well as the niece and daughter-in-law of Tiberius. She was named after her grandmother, Augustus' wife Livia Drusilla, and commonly known by her family nickname Livilla ("little Livia"). She was born after Germanicus and before Claudius. Classical Latin is the modern term used to describe the form of the Latin language recognized as standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. In some later periods, it was regarded as "good" Latin, with later versions being viewed as debased or corrupt. The word "Latin" is now taken by default as meaning "Classical Latin", so that, for example, modern Latin textbooks describe classical Latin. Marcus Tullius Cicero and his contemporaries of the late republic, while using "lingua Latina" and "sermo Latinus" to mean the Latin language as opposed to the Greek or other languages, and "sermo vulgaris" or "sermo vulgi" to refer to the vernacular, regarded the speech they valued most and in which they wrote as "Latinitas", "Latinity", with the implication of good. Sometimes it is called "sermo familiaris", "speech of the good families", "sermo urbanus", "speech of the city" or rarely "sermo nobilis", "noble speech", but mainly besides "Latinitas" it was "Latine" (adverb), "in good Latin", or "Latinius" (comparative degree of adjective), "good Latin". Germania was the Roman term for the geographical region in north-central Europe inhabited mainly by Germanic peoples.  Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC  15 March 44 BC), known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus (January 14, 38 BC  summer of 9 BC), born Decimus Claudius Drusus, also called Drusus Claudius Nero, Drusus, Drusus I, Nero Drusus, or Drusus the Elder was a Roman politician and military commander. He was a patrician Claudian on his legal father's side but his maternal grandmother was from a plebeian family. He was the son of Livia Drusilla and the legal stepson of her second husband, the Emperor Augustus. He was also brother of the Emperor Tiberius, father to both the Emperor Claudius and general Germanicus, paternal grandfather of the Emperor Caligula, and maternal great-grandfather of the Emperor Nero. Caligula, properly Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August AD 12  24 January AD 41) was Roman emperor from AD 3741. Born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus (not to be confused with Julius Caesar), Caligula was a member of the house of rulers conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Caligula's biological father was Germanicus, and he was the great-nephew and adopted son of Emperor Tiberius. The young Gaius earned the nickname "Caligula" (meaning "little soldier's boot", the diminutive form of "caliga", hob-nailed military boot) from his father's soldiers while accompanying him during his campaigns in Germania. Claudius (1 August 10 BC  13 October 54 AD) was Roman emperor from 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship, shared with his nephew Caligula in 37.
candidates: britannicus gaul germanic peoples italy politician roman empire roman republic
answer: roman empire