query: date_of_birth friedrich ernst krukenberg
supports: Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844  25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, poet, philologist, and Latin and Greek scholar whose work has exerted a profound influence on Western philosophy and modern intellectual history. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest ever to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869, at the age of 24. Nietzsche resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life, and he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and a complete loss of his mental faculties. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother (until her death in 1897), and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, and died in 1900. The Federal City of Bonn is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of 311,287. Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany's largest metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants. Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (13 December 1797  17 February 1856) was a German poet, journalist, essayist, and literary critic. He is best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry, which was set to music in the form of "Lieder" (art songs) by composers such as Robert Schumann and Franz Schubert. Heine's later verse and prose are distinguished by their satirical wit and irony. He is considered part of the Young Germany movement. His radical political views led to many of his works being banned by German authorities. Heine spent the last 25 years of his life as an expatriate in Paris. The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize is a program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (the German Research Foundation) which awards prizes to exceptional scientists and academics for their outstanding achievements in the field of research.
  It was established in 1985 and up to ten prizes are awarded annually to individuals or research groups working at a research institution in Germany or at a German research institution abroad.  Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg ( April 1 , 1871 - February 20 , 1946 ) was a German physician who was a native of Halle an der Saale . He was a brother to orthopedic surgeon Hermann Krukenberg ( 1863 - 1935 ) and Georg Heinrich Peter Krukenberg ( 1856 - 1899 ) , who was a professor of gynecology at the University of Bonn . Krukenberg originally studied in his native city of Halle , and continued his medical education at the University of Marburg , where he was a student of ophthalmologist Theodor Axenfeld ( 1867 - 1930 ) . At Marburg he also studied under pathologist Felix Jacob Marchand ( 1846 - 1928 ) , in whose department he described a fibrosarcoma of the ovary that was to become known as a Krukenberg tumor . In 1896 he published his findings in an article called Über das Fibrosarcoma ovarii mucocellulare ( carcinomatodes ) . Later , his interest turned to ophthalmology , and eventually he returned to Halle where he opened a private practice . The ophthalmic term `` Krukenberg 's spindle '' is named after him , which is a vertical , fusiform deposition of melanin pigmentation in the deep layers of the cornea . Calbe is a town in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
  Geography.
  It is situated on the Saale River, approx. north of Bernburg, and southeast of Magdeburg. It is known as Calbe an der Saale, to distinguish it from the smaller town of Kalbe on the Milde in the same state. Pop. (1905) 12,281. Hermann Krukenberg (21 June 1863  3 October 1935) was a German surgeon who was a native of Calbe, Province of Saxony, Germany. He was the brother of pathologist Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg (18711946). The Province of Saxony, also known as Prussian Saxony ("Preußische Sachsen"), was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and later the Free State of Prussia from 1816 until 1945. Its capital was Magdeburg. Pope Benedict XVI (; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger on 16 April 1927) reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 2005 to 2013. He was elected pope on 19 April 2005, was inaugurated on 24 April 2005 and renounced the Petrine office on 28 February 2013. Benedict's election occurred in a papal conclave following the death of Pope John Paul II. Times Higher Education World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by "Times Higher Education (THE)" magazine. The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) to publish the joint "THEQS World University Rankings" from 2004 to 2009 before it turned to Thomson Reuters for a new ranking system. The publication now comprises the world's overall, subject, and reputation rankings, alongside three regional league tables, "Asia", "Latin America", and "BRICS & Emerging Economies" which are generated by consistent methodology. It is considered as one of the most widely observed university measures together with "Academic Ranking of World Universities" and "QS World University Rankings". It is praised for having a new improved methodology but undermining non-English-instructing institutions and being commercialized are the major criticisms. Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (5 January 1876  19 April 1967) was a German statesman who served as the first post-war Chancellor of Germany (West Germany) from 1949 to 1963. He led his country from the ruins of World War II to a productive and prosperous nation that forged close relations with France, the United Kingdom and the United States. During his years in power West Germany achieved democracy, stability, international respect and economic prosperity (""Wirtschaftswunder"", German for "economic miracle"). He was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a Christian Democratic party that under his leadership became, and has since usually been the most influential party in the country. Karl Marx (5 May 1818  14 March 1883) was a German-born scientist, philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in Trier to a middle-class family, he later studied political economy and Hegelian philosophy. As an adult, Marx became stateless and spent much of his life in London, England, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German thinker Friedrich Engels and published various works, the most well-known being the 1848 pamphlet "The Communist Manifesto". His work has since influenced subsequent intellectual, economic, and political history. The University of Bonn is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. Founded in its present form in 1818, as the linear successor of earlier academic institutions, the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany. The University of Bonn offers a large number of undergraduate and graduate programs in a range of subjects. Its library holds more than five million volumes. The University of Bonn has 544 professors and 32,500 students. Among its notable alumni and faculty are seven Nobel Laureates, three Fields Medalist, twelve Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners, Prince Albert, Pope Benedict XVI, Frederick III, Karl Marx, Heinrich Heine, Friedrich Nietzsche, Konrad Adenauer, and Joseph Schumpeter. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2016 and the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015 ranked the University of Bonn as one of the 100 best universities in the world. Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as Shanghai Ranking, is an annual publication of university rankings by Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. The league table was originally compiled and issued by Shanghai Jiaotong University in 2003, the first global ranking with multifarious indicators, after which a board of international advisories was established to provide suggestions. The publication currently includes world's overall and subject league tables, alongside independent regional "Greater China Ranking" and "Macedonian HEIs Ranking". ARWU is regarded as one of the three most influential and widely observed university measures, alongside "QS World University Rankings" and "Times Higher Education World University Rankings". 
  It is praised for its objective methodology but draws some condemnation for narrowly focusing on raw research power, undermining humanities and quality of instruction. Friedrich Ernst Krukenberg (1 April 1871  20 February 1946) was a German physician who was a native of Halle an der Saale. He was a brother to orthopedic surgeon Hermann Krukenberg (1863-1935) and Georg Heinrich Peter Krukenberg (1856-1899), who was a professor of gynecology at the University of Bonn. The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The Fields Medal is sometimes viewed as the highest honor a mathematician can receive. The Fields Medal and the Abel Prize have often been described as the mathematician's "Nobel Prize". The Fields Medal differs from the Abel in view of the age restriction mentioned above. Joseph Alois Schumpeter (8 February 1883  8 January 1950) was an Austrian-born American economist and political scientist. He briefly served as Finance Minister of Austria in 1919. In 1932 he became a professor at Harvard University where he remained until the end of his career. One of the most influential economists of the 20th century, Schumpeter popularized the term "creative destruction" in economics.
candidates: 1 1 april 1871 11 12 14 14 march 1883 15 15 october 1844 16 april 1927 17 17 february 1856 1797 1816 1818 1844 1848 1856 1863 1871 1876 1879 1883 1897 1900 1905 1932 1945 1949 1985 20 2003 2004 2009 2013 25 25 august 1900 281 3 3 october 1935 311 32 40 5 january 1876 5 may 1818 500 544 8 8 february 1883 february 1946 january 1950 june 1863 october 1935
answer: 1 april 1871