query: instance_of hand
supports: Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria. Homo is the genus that comprises the species "Homo sapiens", which includes modern humans, as well as several extinct species classified as ancestral to or closely related to modern humans, most notably "Homo erectus".
  The genus is between 2 and 3 million years old, taken to emerge with the appearance of "Homo habilis".
  It is derived from the genus "Australopithecus", which itself had previously split from the lineage of "Pan", the chimpanzees.
  Taxonomically, "Homo" is the only genus assigned to the subtribe Hominina which, with the subtribes Australopithecina and Panina, comprise the tribe Hominini (see evolutionary tree below). All species of the genus "Homo" plus those species of the australopithecines that arose "after" the split from "Pan" are called hominins. Fur is used in reference to the hair of animals, usually mammals, particularly those with extensive body hair coverage that is generally soft and thick, as opposed to the stiffer bristles on most pigs. The term "pelage" first known use in English c. 1828(French, from Middle French, from "poil" hair, from Old French "peilss", from Latin "pilus",) is sometimes used to refer to the body hair of an animal as a complete coat. "Fur" is also used to refer to animal pelts which have been processed into leather with the hair still attached. The words "fur" or "furry" are also used, more casually, to refer to hair-like growths or formations, particularly when the subject being referred to exhibits a dense coat of fine, soft "hairs." If layered, rather than grown as a single coat, it may consist of short down hairs, long guard hairs, and, in some cases, medium awn hairs. Mammals with reduced amounts of fur are often called "naked", as with the naked mole-rat, or "hairless", as with hairless dogs. Procyon, also designated Alpha Canis Minoris ( Canis Minoris, abbreviated Alpha CMi,  CMi), is the brightest star in the constellation of Canis Minor. To the naked eye, it appears to be a single star, the eighth-brightest in the night sky with a visual apparent magnitude of 0.34. It is a binary star system, consisting of a white main-sequence star of spectral type F5 IVV, named Procyon A, and a faint white dwarf companion of spectral type DQZ, named Procyon B. A forelimb is an anterior limb (arm, leg, or similar appendage) on a terrestrial vertebrate's body. For quadrupeds, the term foreleg is often used instead. (A forearm however is the part of the arm or forelimb between the elbow and the wrist.) The Hominini is a taxonomical tribe of the subfamily Homininae; it comprises three subtribes: Hominina, with its one genus "Homo"; Australopithecina, comprising at least three extinct genera (see inset at bottom right); and Panina, with its one genus "Pan", the chimpanzees (see the evolutionary tree below). Members of the human clade, that is, the Hominina, including "Homo" and those species of the australopithecines that arose "after" the split from the chimpanzees, are called homininans. Not all homininans are directly related to the emergence of early "Homo". A modern cladogram is given by The upper limb or upper extremity is the region in a vertebrate animal extending from the deltoid region to the hand, including the arm, axilla and shoulder. The forearm refers to the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish it from the arm, a word which is most often used to describe the entire appendage of the upper limb, but which in anatomy, technically, means only the region of the upper arm, whereas the lower "arm" is called the forearm. It is to the region of the leg that lies between the knee and the ankle joints, the crus. Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). The animal kingdom emerged as a basal clade within Apoikozoa as a sister of the choanoflagellates. Sponges are the most basal clade of animals. Animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance. The ankle, or the talocrural region, is the region where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle includes three joints: the ankle joint proper or talocrural joint, the subtalar joint, and the inferior tibiofibular joint. The movements produced at this joint are dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot. In common usage, the term ankle refers exclusively to the ankle region. In medical terminology, "ankle" (without qualifiers) can refer broadly to the region or specifically to the talocrural joint. Modern humans ("Homo sapiens", primarily ssp. "Homo sapiens sapiens") are the only extant members of Hominina tribe (or human tribe), a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes. They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; manual dexterity and increased tool use, compared to other animals; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies. The raccoon (or , "Procyon lotor"), sometimes spelled racoon, also known as the common raccoon, North American raccoon, northern raccoon and colloquially as coon, is a medium-sized mammal native to North America. The raccoon is the largest of the procyonid family, having a body length of and a body weight of . Its grayish coat mostly consists of dense underfur which insulates it against cold weather. Two of the raccoon's most distinctive features are its extremely dexterous front paws and its facial mask, which are themes in the mythology of several Native American ethnic groups. Raccoons are noted for their intelligence, with studies showing that they are able to remember the solution to tasks for up to three years. The diet of the omnivorous raccoon, which is usually nocturnal, consists of about 40% invertebrates, 33% plant foods, and 27% vertebrates. Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a "backbone" or "spine"), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects; crabs, lobsters and their kin; snails, clams, octopuses and their kin; starfish, sea-urchins and their kin; and worms. Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 64,000 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) and the bony fish.  In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as 1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand; (2) the wrist joint or radiocarpal joint, the joint between the radius and the carpus; and
  (3) the anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as "wrist joints". This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum. A hand ( Latin manus ) is a prehensile , multi-fingered organ located at the end of the forearm or forelimb of primates such as humans , chimpanzees , monkeys , and lemurs . A few other vertebrates such as the koala ( which has two opposable thumbs on each `` hand '' and fingerprints remarkably similar to human fingerprints ) are often described as having `` hands '' instead of paws on their front limbs . The raccoon is usually described as having `` hands '' though opposable thumbs are lacking . Fingers contain some of the densest areas of nerve endings on the body , are the richest source of tactile feedback , and have the greatest positioning capability of the body ; thus the sense of touch is intimately associated with hands . Like other paired organs ( eyes , feet , legs ) each hand is dominantly controlled by the opposing brain hemisphere , so that handedness -- the preferred hand choice for single - handed activities such as writing with a pencil , reflects individual brain functioning . Some evolutionary anatomists use the term hand to refer to the appendage of digits on the forelimb more generally -- for example , in the context of whether the three digits of the bird hand involved the same homologous loss of two digits as in the dinosaur hand . The human hand has five fingers and 27 bones , not including the sesamoid bone , the number of which varies between people , 14 of which are the phalanges ( proximal , intermediate and distal ) of the fingers . The metacarpal bones connect the fingers and the carpal bones of the wrist . Each human hand has five metacarpals and eight carpal bones . Among humans , the hands play an important function in body language and sign language . The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. The brain is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. The brain is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 1533 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells. A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially if the item is not consumed in the process. Tool use by humans dates back millions of years, and other animals are also known to employ simple tools. A tribe is viewed, developmentally or historically, as a social group existing before the development of, or outside, states. A tribe is a group of distinct people, dependent on their land for their livelihood, who are largely self-sufficient, and not integrated into the national society. It is perhaps the term most readily understood and used by the general public. Stephen Corry, director of Survival International, an organisation dedicated to indigenous rights, defines tribal people as those who "...have followed ways of life for many generations that are largely self-sufficient, and are clearly different from the mainstream and dominant society." This definition, however, would not apply in countries in the Middle East such as Iraq, where the entire population is a member of one tribe or another, and tribalism itself is dominant and mainstream. The knee joint joins the thigh with the leg and consists of two articulations: one between the femur and tibia (tibiofemoral joint), and one between the femur and patella (patellofemoral joint). It is the largest joint in the human body. The knee is a modified hinge joint, which permits flexion and extension as well as slight internal and external rotation. The knee joint is vulnerable to injury and to the development of osteoarthritis. Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is inherently tied to embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate (embryology) and long (evolution) timescales. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine. Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths. Myths are the stories people tell to explain nature, history and customs.
candidates: 1 anatomical region anatomy animal biology box brain clade class column complex constellation extinct family fine fish five front fur genus goal group history homo human human body humans joint limb lineage magnitude may mythology organ people point process public radius rat reference region signal sky social group society species star structure tell three tool tribe two weather white dwarf word
answer: anatomical region