query: followed_by bagratid armenia
supports: The Armenian nobility was a class of persons which enjoyed certain privileges relative to other members of society under the laws and customs of various regimes of what is now Armenia, also Russia, Iran and Turkey until the beginning of the 20th century. Governments which recognized or conferred nobility were the Orontid Armenia (570-331 B.C.), Great Armenia (331 B.C.-428 A.D.), Bagratid Armenia (885-1045) and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1198-1375). Armenian nobility was also recognized by the Sassanid Empire (Marzpanate Armenia, 428-642), the Byzantine Empire (Byzantine Armenia, 387-650), the Arab caliphate (Arminiya 654-884), the Seljuk Empire (Armenian Kingdoms of Vanand, 963-1065, Syunik, 987-1170, and Lori, 978-1113), the Mongol Empire (Zakarid Armenia, 13th century), the Kara Koyunly and Ak Koyunlu (14-15th centuries), the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Iran, and the Russian Empire. The araB gene promoter is a bacterial promoter, activated by e L-arabinose binding. Greater Armenia ("Mets Hayk<nowiki>'</nowiki>") is the name given to the state of Armenia that emerged on the Armenian Highlands under the reign of King Artaxias I at the turn of the second century BC. The term was used to refer to Armenian kingdoms throughout the classical, late antique, and medieval periods by contemporary Armenian and non-Armenian authors alike. The Armenian Highlands (also known as the Armenian Upland, Armenian plateau, Armenian tableland, or simply Armenia) is the central-most and highest of three land-locked plateaus. To its west is the Anatolian plateau which rises slowly from the lowland coast of the Aegean Sea and converges with the Armenian Highlands to the east of Cappadocia. To its southeast is the Iranian plateau, where the elevation drops rapidly by about to above sea level. The Caucasus extends to the northeast of the Armenian Highlands. To the southwest of the Armenian Highlands is Upper Mesopotamia. The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia ( Armenian :   , Bagratunineri tagavorutyun ) , also known as Bagratid Armenia ( Armenian :   Bagratunyats Hayastan ) , was an independent state established by Ashot I Bagratuni in the early 880s following nearly two centuries of foreign domination of Greater Armenia under Arab Umayyad and Abbasid rule . With the two contemporary powers in the region , the Abbasids and Byzantines , too preoccupied to concentrate their forces in subjugating the people of the region and the dissipation of several of the Armenian nakharar noble families , Ashot was able to assert himself as the leading figure of a movement to dislodge the Arabs from Armenia . Ashot 's prestige rose as he was courted by both Byzantine and Arab leaders eager to maintain a buffer state near their frontiers . The Caliphate recognized Ashot as `` prince of princes '' in 862 and , later on , king in 884 or 885 . The establishment of the Bagratuni kingdom later led to the founding of several other Armenian principalities and kingdoms : Taron , Vaspurakan , Kars , Khachen and Syunik . Unity among all these states was sometimes difficult to maintain while the Byzantines and Arabs lost no time in exploiting the kingdom 's situation to their own gains . Under the reign of Ashot III , Ani became the kingdom 's capital and grew into a thriving economic and cultural center . The first half of the 11th century saw the decline and eventual collapse of the kingdom . With emperor Basil II 's string of victories in annexing parts of southwestern Armenia , King Hovhannes - Smbat felt forced to cede his lands and in 1022 promised to `` will '' his kingdom to the Byzantines following his death . However , after Hovhannes - Smbat 's death in 1041 , his successor , Gagik II , refused to hand over Ani and continued resistance until 1045 , when his kingdom , plagued with internal and external threats , was finally taken by Byzantine forces . Artaxias I (Artashes ; reigned 190/189 BC160/159 BC) was the founder of the Artaxiad Dynasty whose members ruled the Kingdom of Armenia for nearly two centuries. Nakharar ("naxarar", from Parthian "naxvadr" "holder of the primacy") was a hereditary title of the highest order given to houses of the ancient and medieval Armenian nobility.
candidates: 1045 1065 1113 1170 1375 14 159 159 bc 20th 331 428 570 642 978 a as byzantine d dynasty elevation empire highlands i is kingdom l marzpanate armenia name on or second the beginning the second the state three turn west
answer: marzpanate armenia