query: child robert nobel
supports: Ludvig Immanuel Nobel (Russian:   ; Swedish: "Ludvig Emmanuel Nobel" ; 27 July 1831, Stockholm  12 April 1888, Cannes) was a Swedish-Russian engineer, a noted businessman and a humanitarian. One of the most prominent members of the Nobel family, he was the son of Immanuel Nobel (also an engineering pioneer) and the older brother of Alfred Nobel (founder of the Nobel Prize). With his brother Robert, he operated Branobel, an oil company in Baku, Azerbaijan which at one point produced 50% of the world's oil. He is credited with creating the Russian oil industry. Ludvig Nobel built the largest fortune of any of the Nobel brothers and was one of the world's richest men. Following the Bolshevik revolution, the communists confiscated the Nobel family's vast fortune in Russia. Emil Oskar Nobel (also Oscar; 1843  3 September 1864) was a member of the Nobel family, the youngest son of Immanuel Nobel, the younger, and of his wife Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell. He was brother of Robert Nobel, Ludvig Nobel and Alfred Nobel. Emil died on September 3, 1864, the victim of an explosion while experimenting with nitroglycerine in his father's factory in Heleneborg, Stockholm. His brother Alfred later managed to stabilize dynamite with diatomaceous earth. Alfred was not in the factory at the time of Emil's death. Immanuel Nobel the Younger (24 March 1801  3 September 1872) was a Swedish engineer, architect, inventor and industrialist. He was the inventor of the rotary lathe used in plywood manufacturing. He was a member of the Nobel family and the father of Robert Nobel, Ludvig Nobel and Alfred Nobel. He also often experimented with nitroglycerin with his sons, which led to his son Emil Oskar Nobel's death because of an explosion at his father's factory Heleneborg in Stockholm in 1864. The Nobel family is a prominent Swedish and Russian family closely related to the history both of Sweden and of Russia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its legacy includes its outstanding contributions to philanthropy and to the development of the armament industry and of the oil industry. Some of its foremost members are Immanuel Nobel, the younger, engineer developer of underwater naval mines and inventor of the rotary lathe used to produce plywood, Ludvig Nobel, the founder of Branobel and one of the richest and most important men in Russia at his time, and Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite who left the major part of his estate to the creation of the Nobel Prizes. Stockholm (or ) is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 932,917 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by a Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County. Robert Hjalmar Nobel ( / nobl / ; Swedish : ( nbl ) ; August 4 1829 -- August 7 1896 ) was the oldest son of Immanuel Nobel and his wife Caroline Andrietta Ahlsell , brother of Ludvig and Alfred Nobel . He was working for his brother Ludvig when he bought an interest in an oil refinery in Baku , Azerbaijan in 1876 . He and his brother started Branobel , which was an important early oil company that controlled a large amount of Russian output .
candidates: 3 alfred nobel birger jarl emil oskar nobel ludvig nobel robert nobel
answer: ludvig nobel