query: country_of_citizenship ivan kulibin
supports: A clock is an instrument to indicate, keep, and co-ordinate time. The word "clock" is derived (via Dutch, Northern French, and Medieval Latin) from the Celtic words "clagan" and "clocca" meaning "bell". A silent instrument missing such a striking mechanism has traditionally been known as a timepiece. In general usage today a "clock" refers to any device for measuring and displaying the time. Watches and other timepieces that can be carried on one's person are often distinguished from clocks. Nizhny Novgorod, colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is a city in the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District in Russia. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky, after the writer Maxim Gorky, who was born there. The city is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and is the main center of river tourism in Russia. In the historical part of the city there are a large number of universities, theaters, museums and churches. Nizhny Novgorod is located about 400 km east of Moscow, where the Oka empties into the Volga. Population:  Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ("Nizhegorodskaya oblast"), also known in English as Nizhegorod Oblast, is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Nizhny Novgorod. Population: 3,310,597 (2010 Census). From 1932 to 1990 it was known as Gorky Oblast. Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara. Moscow (or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city. A day is a unit of time. In common usage, it is either an interval equal to 24 hours or daytime, the consecutive period of time during which the Sun is above the horizon. The period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun is called a "solar day". Several definitions of this universal human concept are used according to context, need and convenience. In 1960, the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the Earth, and was designated the SI base unit of time. The unit of measurement "day", redefined in 1960 as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized "d", is not an SI unit, but is accepted for use with SI. A civil day is usually 86 400 seconds, plus or minus a possible leap second in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and occasionally plus or minus an hour in those locations that change from or to daylight saving time. The word "day" may also refer to a day of the week or to a calendar date, as in answer to the question, "On which day?" The life patterns of humans and many other species are related to Earth's solar day and the day-night cycle (see circadian rhythms). Volga (Privolzhsky) Federal District ("Privolzhsky federalny okrug") is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. It forms the southeastern part of European Russia. Its population was 29,899,699 (70.8% urban) according to the 2010 Census, living on an area of . Mikhail Babich was appointed the federal district's Presidential Envoy on December 15, 2011. Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (or   18 June 1936), primarily known as Maxim (Maksim) Gorky, was a Russian and Soviet writer, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. He was also a five-time nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Around fifteen years before success as a writer, he frequently changed jobs and roamed across the Russian Empire; these experiences would later influence his writing. Gorky's most famous works were "The Lower Depths" (1902), "Twenty-six Men and a Girl", "The Song of the Stormy Petrel", "The Mother", "Summerfolk" and "Children of the Sun". He had an association with fellow Russian writers Leo Tolstoy and Anton Chekhov; Gorky would later mention them in his memoirs. Volga-Vyatka economic region (
  tr.: "Volgo-Vyatsky ekonomichesky rayon") is one of twelve economic regions of Russia. It accounted for almost 3 per cent of the national GRP in 2008. Ivan Petrovich Kulibin ( April 21 , 1735 -- August 11 , 1818 ) was a Russian mechanic and inventor . He was born in Nizhny Novgorod in the family of a trader . From childhood , Kulibin displayed an interest in constructing mechanical tools . Soon , clock mechanisms became a special interest of his . His realizations as well as his prolific imagination inspired the work of many .
candidates: earth russia russian empire writer
answer: russian empire