query: instance_of srubna culture
supports: The Srubna culture ( Russian :   , Ukrainian :   , also English : Timber - grave culture ) was a Late Bronze Age ( 18th -- 12th centuries BC ) culture . It is a successor to the Yamna culture ( Pit Grave culture ) and the Poltavka culture , as well as the Potapovka culture . It occupied the area along and above the north shore of the Black Sea from the Dnieper eastwards along the northern base of the Caucasus to the area abutting the north shore of the Caspian Sea , west of the Ural Mountains to come up against the domain of the approximately contemporaneous and somewhat related Andronovo culture . The name comes from Russian c ( srub ) , `` timber framework '' , from the way graves were constructed . Animal parts were buried with the body . The economy was mixed agriculture and livestock breeding . The historical Cimmerians have been suggested as descended from this culture . A study on DNA variation among ancient Europeans found that , of the 6 samples extracted from Srubna culture sites for whom a Y - DNA hapogroup could be tested , all belonged to haplogroup R1a , and four of them to subclade R1a - Z93 , which is common among modern - day Indo - Iranians . The Srubna culture is succeeded by Scythians and Sarmatians in the 1st millennium BC , and by Khazars and Kipchaks in the first millennium AD . Potapovka culture, ca. 25002000 BC. A Bronze Age culture centered on the Samara bend in the middle Volga region, projecting well east into the Samara River valley. Orenburg is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast (region), Russia, lies on the River Ural, southeast of Moscow. Its geographical location is in the boundary of Europe and Asia. Orenburg is also very close to the border with Kazakhstan. Population: 548,331 (2010 Census); 549,361 (2002 Census);  Poltavka culture, 27002100 BC, an early to middle Bronze Age archaeological culture of the middle Volga from about where the Don-Volga canal begins up to the Samara bend, with an easterly extension north of present Kazakhstan along the Samara River valley to somewhat west of Orenburg. The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies. The Samara bend is a large hairpin bend of the middle Volga River at the confluence of the Samara River. It is situated in Samara Oblast, Volga Federal District of Russia. The Samara is a river in Russia that runs into the Volga at the city of Samara. An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of artifacts from a specific time and place, which may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between the artifacts is based on archaeologists' understanding and interpretation and does not necessarily relate to real groups of humans in the past. The concept of archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology. Kazakhstan ( "Qazaqstan",  "Kazakhstan"), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ("Qazaqstan Respwblïkas" "Respublika Kazakhstan"), is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.
candidates: age archaeological culture census city civilization confluence culture extension federal district gas geographical landlocked country location material material culture may mineral oblast oil principal republic river society stone the city three understanding valley writing
answer: archaeological culture