query: designer ak-102
supports: The AKM ("Avtomat Kalashnikova Modernizirovanniy" or "Kalashnikov modernized automatic rifle") is a 7.62mm assault rifle designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is a common modernized variant of the AK-47 rifle developed in the 1940s. The AK - 102 assault rifle is a shortened carbine version of the AK - 101 rifle , which in turn was derived from the original AK - 47 design and its AK - 74 successor . The AK - 102 , AK - 104 , and AK - 105 are very similar in design , the only difference being the caliber and corresponding magazine type . The AK - 102 is an export version chambered to fire 5.56 × 45mm NATO ammunition . Compared to the AK - 101 and AK - 103 , which are full - size rifles of similar design , the AK - 102 , 104 , and 105 feature shortened barrels that make them a middle ground between a full rifle and the more compact AKS - 74U . Whereas the AK - 10x rifles have longer barrels , full - length gas pistons , and solid , side - folding polymer stocks , the AKS - 74U is shorter , and features a skeleton stock . The rifle 's receiver is made of stamped steel . The magazine is lighter , and more durable than older models , being made out of reinforced fiberglass . The butt stock is made of plastic , making it lighter , more durable , and it is hollow , allowing a field kit to be stored in side of it . The AK - 102 uses an adjustable notched rear tangent iron sight calibrated in 100 m ( 109 yd ) increments from 100 to 500 m ( 109 to 547 yd ) . The front sight is a post adjustable for elevation in the field . Horizontal adjustment is done by the factory or armory before issue . The AK - 102 has a muzzle booster derived form the AKS - 74U . The 100 - series AKs are produced by the Izhmash factories in Izhevsk , Russia . The AK-47, or AK as it is officially known (also known as the Kalashnikov) is a selective-fire (semi-automatic and automatic), gas-operated 7.62×39 mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known in the Soviet documentation as "Avtomat Kalashnikova". The AK-105 is a shortened carbine version of the AK-74M rifle, which in turn was derived from the original AK-47 design and its AK-74 successor. The AK-102, AK-104, and AK-105 are very similar in design, the only difference being the caliber and corresponding magazine type. The AK-105 is chambered to fire 5.45×39mm ammunition. The AK-105 is supplementing AKS-74U carbines in Russian Army service since 2001. The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO) is an intermediate cartridge developed in the United States and originally chambered in the M16 rifle. Under STANAG 4172, it is a standard cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. It is derived from, but is not identical to, the .223 Remington cartridge. Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara. An intermediate cartridge is a rifle/carbine cartridge that is less powerful than typical full-power battle rifle cartridges, such as the .303 British, 7.62×54mmR, 7.92×57mm Mauser or .30-06 Springfield, but still has significantly longer effective range than pistol cartridges. As their recoil is significantly reduced compared to high power rifle cartridges, fully automatic rifles firing intermediate cartridges are relatively easy to control. However, even though less powerful than a traditional rifle cartridge, the ballistics are still sufficient for an effective range of , which are the maximum typical engagement ranges in modern combat. This allowed for the development of the assault rifle, a selective fire weapon that is more compact and lighter than rifles that fire full power cartridges. The first intermediate cartridge to see widespread service was the German 7.92×33mm Kurz used in the StG 44. Other notable examples include the Soviet 7.62×39mm used in the AK-47 and AKM series, and the American 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge first used in the M16. The AK-74 (Russian: or "Kalashnikov automatic rifle model 1974") is an assault rifle developed in the early 1970s by Russian designer Mikhail Kalashnikov as the replacement for the earlier AKM (itself a refined version of the AK-47). It uses a smaller 5.45×39mm cartridge, replacing the 7.62×39mm chambering of earlier Kalashnikov-pattern weapons.
candidates: major mauser mikhail kalashnikov
answer: mikhail kalashnikov