query: child shahaji
supports: The Maratha (archaically transliterated as Marhatta or Mahratta) is a group of castes in India found predominantly in the state of Maharashtra. According to the "Encyclopædia Britannica", "Marathas are people of India, famed in history as yeoman warriors and champions of Hinduism." They reside primarily in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Pune (; spelt "Poona" during British rule) is the the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ninth most populous city in the country. Situated above sea level on the Deccan plateau on the right bank of the Mutha river, Pune is the administrative headquarters of Pune district and was once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire established by Shivaji Maharaj. In the 18th century, Pune was the political centre of the Indian subcontinent, as the seat of the Peshwas who were the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire. South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Shivaji Bhonsle (c. 1627/1630  3 April 1680), also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned as the Chhatrapati (Monarch) of his realm at Raigad. The Indian subcontinent or the subcontinent, also called Indian continent, is a southern region of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geologically, the Indian subcontinent is related to the land mass that rifted from Gondwana and merged with the Eurasian plate nearly 55 million years ago. Geographically, it is the peninsular region in south-central Asia delineated by the Himalayas in the north, the Hindu Kush in the west, and the Arakanese in the east. Politically, the Indian subcontinent usually includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. A Jagir (IAST: Jgr), also spelled as Jageer, was a type of feudal land grant in South Asia at the foundation of its Jagirdar system. It developed during the Islamic rule era of the Indian subcontinent, starting in the early 13th century, wherein the powers to govern and collect tax from an estate was granted to an appointee of the state. The tenants were considered to be in the servitude of the "jagirdar". There were two forms of "jagir", one conditional and other unconditional. The conditional "jagir" required the governing family to maintain troops and provide their service to the state when asked. The land grant was called "iqta", usually for a holder's lifetime, and the land reverted to the state upon the death of the "jagirdar". The Ahmadnagar Sultanate was a late medieval Indian kingdom, located in the northwestern Deccan, between the sultanates of Gujarat and Bijapur. Malik Ahmad, the Bahmani governor of Junnar after defeating the Bahmani army led by general Jahangir Khan on 28 May 1490 declared independence and established the Nizam Shahi dynasty rule over the sultanate of Ahmednagar. Initially his capital was in the town of Junnar with its fort, later renamed Shivneri. In 1494, the foundation was laid for the new capital Ahmadnagar. In 1636 Aurangzeb, then Mugal viceroy of Deccan finally annexed the sultanate to the Mughal empire. The Mughal Empire or Mogul Empire, self-designated as Gurkani ("Grkniyn", meaning "son-in-law"), was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty of Chagatai Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia. The dynasty, though ethnically Turco-Mongol, was Persianate in terms of culture. Abu'l Muzaffar Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618  3 March 1707), commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his regenal title Alamgir ("He who seizes the universe"), was the sixth, and widely considered the last effective Mughal Emperor. He ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent during some parts of his reign, which lasted for 49 years from 1658 until his death in 1707. Mirza Shahabuddin Baig Muhammad Khan Shah Jahan (26 January 1592  9 May 1666 OS) was the fifth Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1628 to 1658. Shahaji Raje Bhonsle was a Maratha general from the 17th century . The eldest son of Maloji Bhosale of Verul , Shahaji inherited the Pune and Supe jagirs , under the Ahmadnagar Sultanate . During the Mughal invasion of Deccan , he joined the Mughal forces and served Emperor Shah Jahan for a brief period . After being deprived of his jagirs , he defected to the Bijapur Sultanate in 1632 and regained control over Pune and Supe . In 1638 , he also received the jagir of Bangalore , after Bijapur 's invasion of Kempe Gowda III 's territories . He eventually became the chief general of Bijapur , and oversaw its expansion . An early exponent of guerrilla warfare , he brought the house of Bhonsle into prominence . He was father of Shivaji , the founder of the Maratha Empire . The princely states of Tanjore , Kolhapur and Satara are also Bhonsle legacies . India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.
candidates: 3 asia chhatrapati shivaji maharaj jahangir muhammad shah jahan
answer: chhatrapati shivaji maharaj