query: languages_spoken_or_written filippo villani
supports: Giovanni Villani (1276 or 1280  1348) was an Italian banker, official, diplomat and chronicler from Florence who wrote the "Nuova Cronica" ("New Chronicles") on the history of Florence. He was a leading statesman of Florence but later gained an unsavory reputation and served time in prison as a result of the bankruptcy of a trading and banking company he worked for. His interest in and elaboration of economic details, statistical information, and political and psychological insight mark him as a more modern chronicler of late medieval Europe. His "Cronica" is viewed as the first introduction of statistics as a positive element in history.
  However, historian Kenneth R. Bartlett notes that, in contrast to his Renaissance-era successors, "his reliance on such elements as divine providence links Villani closely with the medieval vernacular chronicle tradition." In recurring themes made implicit through significant events described in his "Cronica", Villani also emphasized three assumptions about the relationship of sin and morality to historical events, these being that excess brings disaster, that forces of right and wrong are in constant struggle, and that events are directly influenced by the will of God. The Nuova Cronica or New Chronicles is a 14th-century history of Florence created in a year-by-year linear format and written by the Florentine banker and official Giovanni Villani (c. 1276 or 12801348). 
  The idea came to him after attending the first Jubilee in the city of Rome, in 1300, where he realized that Rome's many historical achievements were well-known, and he desired to lay out a history of the origins of his own city of Florence. In his "Cronica", Villani described in detail the many building projects of the city, statistical information on population, ordinances, commerce and trade, education, and religious facilities. He also described several disasters such as famines, floods, fires, and the pandemic of the Black Death in 1348, which would take his own life. Villani's work on the "Cronica" was continued by his brother and nephew after his death. It has been described as the first introduction of statistics as a positive element in history. A pandemic (from Greek  "pan" "all" and  "demos" "people") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history, there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. One of the most devastating pandemics was the Black Death, killing over 75 million people in 1350. The most recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. Kenneth R. Bartlett (born 1948) is a Renaissance historian, author, public lecturer and professor of History and Renaissance Studies at Victoria College in the University of Toronto. He received his PhD from the University of Toronto in 1978, and then assumed a position in the department of History before moving into the administration as Assistant to the President of the University of Toronto and subsequently Acting Vice-President Institutional Relations. In 1985 he returned to full-time academic work at Victoria College. He was the founding director of the Office of Teaching Advancement (now CTSI), and the director of the Faculty of Arts and Science's faculty programs, which include the First-Year Seminars, the Research Opportunities Program and the Independent Experiential Study Program, which won the Northrop Frye Award for excellence and innovation in linking teacher and research. Professor Bartlett was also the founding director of U of T's Art Centre, and served as a trustee for the Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art for fifteen years. He has been the recipient of the Victoria University Excellence in Teaching Award, the Students Administrative Council and Association of Part-Time Students Undergraduate Teaching Award (on two occasions), and the Faculty of Arts and Science Outstanding Teaching Award. In 2005, Professor Bartlett was awarded both the prestigious 3M National Teaching Fellowship and a University of Toronto Arbor Award. In 2007 he was awarded an inaugural LIFT Award by the Province of Ontario and was a finalist in the TVO Best Lecturer Competition. In addition to teaching, he has published many monographs and over 35 scholarly articles and contributions to books, and several editions and translations of Renaissance texts and a recent book on historiography. He has served as the editor of Renaissance and Reformation/Renaissance et Réforme, and President of the Canadian Society for Renaissance Studies. He has produced five video series for the Teaching Company on various aspects of Italian Renaissance culture, European civilization and European travel, and has also appeared on television series such as Museum Secrets.
  Together with his wife, Dr Gillian Bartlett, he leads cultural tours of Europe either sponsored by museums or universities or through the partnership they founded, Bartlett Cultural Connections. 
  Selected Publications
  The Experience of History (2017)
  A Short History of the Italian Renaissance (2013)
  The English in Italy 1525-1558: A Study in Culture and Politics (1991)
  The Civilization of the Italian Renaissance (First edition, 1992; revised edition, 2011)
  The Northern Renaissance and the Reformation (with M. McGlynn, 2014) A chronicle (from Greek , from , "chronos", "time") is a historical account of facts and events ranged in chronological order, as in a time line. Typically, equal weight is given for historically important events and local events, the purpose being the recording of events that occurred, seen from the perspective of the chronicler. This is in contrast to a narrative or history, which sets selected events in a meaningful interpretive context and excludes those the author does not see as important. Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the Metropolitan City of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants, expanding to over 1,520,000 in the metropolitan area. Filippo Villani ( fl . end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century ) was a chronicler of Florence . Son of the chronicler Matteo Villani , he extended the original Nuova Cronica of his uncle Giovanni Villani down to 1364 . Florence (Italian: "Firenze") is a major historical city in Italy, distinguished as one of the most outstanding economic, cultural, political and artistic centres in the peninsula from the late Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states. 
candidates: greek italian
answer: italian