query: date_of_birth peire de corbiac
supports: The High Middle Ages or High Medieval Period was the period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries (c. 10011300). The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500. A troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (11001350). Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz. Old Occitan (Modern Occitan: "occitan ancian"), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the eighth through the fourteenth centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term "occitanus" appeared around the year 1300, Old Occitan is referred to as "Romance" (Occitan: "romans") or "Provençal" (Occitan: "proensals") in medieval texts. Peire de Corbiac or Corbian was a Gascon cleric and troubadour of the thirteenth century . His most famous works are a religious piece , the Prière à la Vierge ( prayer to the Virgin ) , and his `` treasures '' , Lo tezaurs ( c. 1225 ) . Peire was born at Corbiac near Bordeaux to a poor family . He was educated at Orléans in the Scholastic tradition . His nephew was the troubadour Aimeric de Belenoi , whose vida refers to him as maestre ( master , teacher ) and Peire elsewhere calls himself maistre . Certainly Peire 's Tezaur is didactic in nature : his purpose in writing was to convince the wise that though he was poor in material terms he was richer still . Composed in 840 alexandrines , the Tezaur is an encyclopaedic compilation of all that the troubadour knew . The work displays a great breadth of knowledge . He expends 547 lines narrating the chief events of the Old and New Testaments , then discusses the seven liberal arts , medicine , surgery , necromancy , mythology , the lives of the ancient Greeks and Romans , and those of the contemporary French and English . Peire was familiar with the work of Venerable Bede , of John de Holywood , and of Chrétien de Troyes . He also provides the modern historian with several pieces of crucial information not found elsewhere . He refers to dancing the Sanctus , Agnus , and the Cunctipotens , showing that the liturgy was performed . The Tezaur also contains the first mention of contrapointamens , a century before its appearance in Latin as contrapunctus , today 's counterpoint . The Tezaur had a lasting influence in the Late Middle Ages . The Jew Emanuele da Roma wrote the Ninth Meabbereth , a Hebrew poem based on the Tesoretto of Brunetto Latini , itself based on the Tezaur of Peire . Peire was a religious man , as the dedicatory first verse of his Tezaur attests : it contains a dedication to Jesus and Mary and a statement of Trinitarian faith . His prayer to the Virgin , therefore , is unsurprising : Domna , rosa ses espina , sobre totas flors olens , verga seca frug fazens , terra que ses labor grana , estela , del solelh maire , noirissa del vostre paire , el mon nulha no.us semelha ni londana ni vezina . Domna , verge pura e fina , ans que fos l'enfantamens , et apres tot eissamens , receup en vos carn humana Jesu Crist , nostre salvaire , si com ses trencamen faire intra.l bels rais , quan solelha , per la fenestra veirina . Domna , estela marina de las autras plus luzens , la mars nos combat e.l vens ; mostra nos via certana ; car si.ns vols a bon port traire non tem nau ni governaire ni tempest que.ns destorbelha ni.l sobern de la marina . Lady , rose without thorn , sweet above all flowers , dry rod bearing fruit , earth bringing forth fruit without toil , star , mother of the sun , nurse of thine own Father , in the world no woman is like to thee , neither far nor near . Lady , virgin pure and fair before the birth was and afterwards the same , received human flesh in thee Jesus Christ our Saviour , just as without causing flaw , the fair ray enters when the sun shines through the window - pane . Lady , star of the sea , brighter than the other stars , the sea and the wind buffet us ; show thou us the right way : for if thou wilt bring us to a fair haven , ship nor helmsman fears not tempest nor tide lest it trouble us . The trobairises (singular: trobairitz) were Occitan female troubadours of the 12th and 13th centuries, active from around 1170 to approximately 1260. The word "trobairitz" was first used in the 13th-century romance "Flamenca". It comes from the Provençal word "trobar", the literal meaning of which is "to find", and the technical meaning of which is "to compose". The word "trobairitz" is used very rarely in medieval Occitan, as it does not occur in lyrical poetry, grammatical treatises, or in the biographies of the "trobairitz" or troubadours. "Trobairitz" composed, wrote verses, and performed for the Occitan noble courts. They are exceptional in musical history as the first known female composers of Western secular music; all earlier known female composers wrote sacred music. The "trobairitz" were part of courtly society, as opposed to their lower class counterparts the "joglaressas". Although troubadours sometimes came from humble originsBernart de Ventadorn may have been the son of a castle's bakerthe "trobairitz" were nobly born. The most important "trobairitz" are Alamanda de Castelnau, Azalais de Porcairagues, Maria de Ventadorn, Tibors, Castelloza, Garsenda de Proença, Gormonda de Monpeslier, and the Comtessa de Diá.
candidates: 1001 1100 1170 1300 1500
answer: 1300