query: movement mazeppa 
supports: Mazeppa is a narrative poem written by the English romantic poet Lord Byron in 1819 . It is based on a popular legend about the early life of Ivan Mazepa ( 1639 -- 1709 ) , a Ukrainian gentleman who later became Hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks . According to the poem , the young Mazeppa has a love affair with a Countess Theresa while serving as a page at the Court of King John II Casimir Vasa . Countess Theresa was married to a much older Count . On discovering the affair , the Count punishes Mazeppa by tying him naked to a wild horse and setting the horse loose . The bulk of the poem describes the traumatic journey of the hero strapped to the horse . The poem has been praised for its `` vigor of style and its sharp realization of the feelings of suffering and endurance '' . This poem also inspired Alexander Pushkin to write his poem Poltava as an answer to Byron 's poem . Published within the same covers with `` Mazeppa '' was the short story `` A Fragment '' , also known as `` Fragment of a Novel '' and `` The Burial : A Fragment '' , one of the earliest vampire stories in English . Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia and its émigrés and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Rus', the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union. The roots of Russian literature can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old Russian were composed. By the Age of Enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, and from the early 1830s, Russian literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama. Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to the fore. Prose was flourishing as well. The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol. Then came Ivan Turgenev, who mastered both short stories and novels. Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky soon became internationally renowned. In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excelled in short stories and became a leading dramatist. The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian poetry. The poets most often associated with the "Silver Age" are Konstantin Balmont, Valery Bryusov, Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Nikolay Gumilyov, Osip Mandelstam, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Marina Tsvetaeva and Boris Pasternak. This era produced some first-rate novelists and short-story writers, such as Aleksandr Kuprin, Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin, Leonid Andreyev, Fyodor Sologub, Aleksey Remizov, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Andrei Bely. Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin  was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.
candidates: age of enlightenment prose romanticism
answer: romanticism