query: date_of_death gaius julius callistus
supports: Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC  15 March 44 BC), known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Germanicus (24 May 15 BC  10 October AD 19) was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty and a prominent general of the early Roman Empire. He was born in Rome, Italia, to Nero Claudius Drusus and his wife Antonia Minor. His original name at birth was either Nero Claudius Drusus after his father, or Tiberius Claudius Nero after his uncle, the second Roman emperor Tiberius. The agnomen "Germanicus" was added to his full name in 9 BC when it was posthumously awarded to his father in honour of his victories in Germania. By AD 4 he was adopted as Tiberius' son and heir. As a result, Germanicus was adopted out of the Claudii and into the Julii. In accordance with Roman naming conventions, he adopted the name Germanicus Julius Caesar. Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum (modern: Lyon, France) was an important Roman city in Gaul. The city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus. It served as the capital of the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis and was an important city in the western half of the Roman Empire for centuries. Two emperors, Claudius and Caracalla, were born in Lugdunum. In the time period 69192 AD the city population could be as large as 50,000 to 100,000. Even figures of up to 200,000 people are proposed by Albert Grenier. Caligula, properly Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August AD 12  24 January AD 41) was Roman emperor from AD 3741. Born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus (not to be confused with Julius Caesar), Caligula was a member of the house of rulers conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Caligula's biological father was Germanicus, and he was the great-nephew and adopted son of Emperor Tiberius. The young Gaius earned the nickname "Caligula" (meaning "little soldier's boot", the diminutive form of "caliga", hob-nailed military boot) from his father's soldiers while accompanying him during his campaigns in Germania. Gaius Julius Callistus ( flourished 1st century ) was a Greek imperial freedman during the reigns of Roman Emperors Caligula and Claudius . Callistus was originally a freedman of Caligula , and was given great authority during his reign , which he used to amass even greater wealth . He often advised Caligula on imperial policy and how to deal with emergent issues such as the abundant conspiracies against the emperor . He used his influence to help his friends , including Domitius Afer , whose treason case was dropped at Callistus ' behest . However , Callistus was not immune from Caligula 's wrath , and when a thwarted assassin named Callistus as a fellow conspirator in the failed plot , Caligula was ready to believe him . It was only pleading that saved Callistus ' life . Ironically , this distrust by Caligula may have caused Callistus to turn on him . He is named by the ancient sources as a prime mover in Caligula 's murder ( 24 January 41 ) rallying the other freedmen to the cause . When Claudius succeeded Caligula , he pardoned most of the conspirators . In order to impress the new emperor Claudius , Callistus stated that Caligula had ordered him to murder Claudius several times , but he had always refused . Whether or not this was true , Claudius allowed Callistus to stay in the imperial service . Claudius divided the daily maintenance of the empire among various freedmen and Callistus became Secretary of Justice and Law . His job was to oversee the running of the courts and the conduct of trials . He used the position to amass personal wealth , and carried on much the way he had under Caligula , advising the emperor on policy and the like . Callistus persuaded Claudius to hire his friend Scribonius Largus as a personal physician . After the disgrace and death of Roman Empress Valeria Messalina , Callistus is said to have promoted Caligula 's former wife Lollia Paulina as a replacement . He would have been acquainted with her from his days in Caligula 's court . Most of the details of Callistus ' personal life and ultimate fate are unknown , although he was dead by the end of Claudius ' reign . Claudius died by poison on 13 October 54 . Callistus supposedly pushed his daughter Nymphidia to become one of Caligula 's mistresses . Callistus ' grandchild Nymphidius Sabinus later claimed to be the product of this union , and tried unsuccessfully to gain the principate in the Year of the Four Emperors . Antonia Minor ("PIR" A 885), also known as Julia Antonia Minor, Antonia the Younger or simply Antonia (31 January 36 BC - September/October AD 37) was the younger of two daughters of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor. She was a niece of the Emperor Augustus, sister-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger, mother of the Emperor Claudius, and both maternal great-grandmother and paternal great-aunt of the Emperor Nero. She was additionally the maternal great-aunt of the Empress Valeria Messalina and Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix, the paternal grandmother of Claudia Antonia, Claudia Octavia, and Britannicus and the maternal grandmother of Julia Livia and Tiberius Gemellus. Claudius (1 August 10 BC  13 October 54 AD) was Roman emperor from 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship, shared with his nephew Caligula in 37. The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting in 27 BC). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history. Often when a given Roman is described as becoming "emperor" in English, it reflects his taking of the title "Augustus" or "Caesar". Another title often used was "imperator", originally a military honorific. Early Emperors also used the title "princeps" (first citizen). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles, notably "Princeps Senatus", "Consul" and "Pontifex Maximus". The term Julio-Claudian dynasty refers to the first five Roman emperorsAugustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Neroor the family to which they belonged. They ruled the Roman Empire from its formation under Augustus in the second half of the 1st century (44/31/27) BC, until AD 68 when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide. Gnaeus Domitius Afer (died 59) was a Roman orator and advocate, born at Nemausus (Nîmes) in "Gallia Narbonensis". He flourished in the reigns of Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero. Tiberius (16 November 42 BC  16 March 37 AD) was a Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Born Tiberius Claudius Nero, a Claudian, Tiberius was the son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. His mother divorced Nero and married Octavian, later known as Augustus, in 39 BC, making him a step-son of Octavian. Nero (Latin: "Ner Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus"; 15 December 37 AD  9 June 68 AD) was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and acceded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death. Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state. Augustus (23 September 63 BC  19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. Gaul (Latin: "Gallia") was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands, Central Italy and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine. It covered an area of 190,800 mi² or 494,169 km². According to the testimony of Julius Caesar, Gaul was divided into three parts: Gallia Celtica, Belgica and Aquitania.
  Archaeologically, the Gauls were bearers of the La Tène culture, which extended across all of Gaul, as well as east to Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia and southwestern Germania during the 5th to 1st centuries BC.
  During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, Gaul fell under Roman rule: Gallia Cisalpina was conquered in 203 BC and Gallia Narbonensis in 123 BC. Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons, who were in turn defeated by the Romans by 103 BC. Julius Caesar finally subdued the remaining parts of Gaul in his campaigns of 58 to 51 BC.
candidates: 1 10 100 103 120 13 15 16 16 march 37 19 19 august 14 190 192 23 24 27 31 36 37 4 43 44 54 58 59 61 69 800 885 9 9 june 68
answer: 100