query: country_of_citizenship matvei golovinski
supports: The Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order, usually called "guard department" ("okhrannoye otdelenie") and commonly abbreviated in modern sources as Okhrana or Okhranka in Russia, was a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the police department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in the late 19th century, aided by the Special Corps of Gendarmes. Hegemony (or , or  "leadership, rule") is the political, economic, or military predominance or control of one state over others. In ancient Greece (8th century BCE  6th century CE), "hegemony" denoted the politicomilitary dominance of a city-state over other city-states. The dominant state is known as the "hegemon". Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France. Matvei Vasilyevich Golovinski ( alternatively Mathieu ) ( Russian :    ) ( 1865 -- 1920 ) was a Russian - French writer , journalist and political activist . Critics studying The Protocols of the Elders of Zion have argued that he was the author of the work . This claim is reinforced by the writings of modern Russian historian Mikhail Lepekhine , who in 1999 studied previously closed French archives stored in Moscow containing information supporting Golovinski 's authorship . Back in the mid- 1930s , Russian testimony in the Berne Trial had linked the head of Russian security service in Paris , Pyotr Rachkovsky , to the creation of the Protocols . France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux. Pyotr Ivanovich Rachkovsky (18531910) was chief of Okhrana, the secret service in Imperial Russia. He was based in Paris from 1885 to 1902. Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. 
  The country is situated in Western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva. The Berne Trial (also known under the name of "Zionistenprozess") is a famous trial held in Berne, Switzerland between 1933 and 1935, under an obscenity-related statute ("Art.14 des Bernischen Gesetzes über das Lichtspielwesen und Massnahmen gegen Schundliteratur 1916"). The trial with its witnesses and supposed experts on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion caused an international sensation. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion or The Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion is an antisemitic fabricated text purporting to describe a Jewish plan for global domination. The forgery was first published in Russia in 1903, translated into multiple languages, and disseminated internationally in the early part of the 20th century. According to the claims made by some of its publishers, the "Protocols" are the minutes of a late 19th-century meeting where Jewish leaders discussed their goal of global Jewish hegemony by subverting the morals of Gentiles, and by controlling the press and the world's economies. Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara. Île-de-France (, , "Island of France"), also known as the "région parisienne" ("Parisian Region"; see Etymology), is one of the 18 regions of France, and includes the city of Paris. It covers 12012 square kilometers (4638 square miles), and has its own regional council and president. It has a population of 12,005,077 as of January 2014, or 18.2 percent of the population of France.
candidates: american earth france french republic germany greece italy russia russian empire switzerland
answer: russian empire