query: place_of_birth john x of constantinople
supports: Constantine the Great (27 February 272 AD  22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great, Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD. Constantine was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman Army officer, and his consort Helena. His father became "Caesar", the deputy emperor in the west, in 293 AD. Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was raised to the rank of "Augustus", senior western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in 306 AD, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324 AD. The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the "Roman Empire" (tr. ), or "Romania", and to themselves as "Romans". A capital city (or simply capital) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country, state, province, or other region, usually as its seat of government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of its respective government; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution. In some jurisdictions, including several countries, the different branches of government are located in different settlements. In some cases, a distinction is made between the official (constitutional) capital and the seat of government, which is in another place. The Kamateros or Camaterus were a Byzantine family of functionaries from Constantinople that became prominent in the 10th12th centuries. Several family members were scholars and literary patrons. The feminine form of the name is Kamatera. The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek:   , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic. John X Kamateros ( Greek :   ) was the Patriarch of Constantinople from 5 August 1198 to April / May 1206 . John was a member of the Kamateros family , to which belonged the Empress Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera , wife of Alexios III Angelos ( r. 1195 -- 1203 ) . An educated man , well versed in classical literature , rhetoric and philosophy , he occupied a series of ecclesiastical posts reaching the post of chartophylax , which he held at the time of his elevation to the patriarchal throne . In 1198 -- 1200 he had an exchange of letters with Pope Innocent III on the issue of papal supremacy and the filioque clause . Notably , he disputed Rome 's claim to primacy based on St Peter , and asserted that in reality its primacy came from the fact that Rome was the old imperial capital . He intervened in the riots in Constantinople against the arrest of the banker Kalomodios , and secured his release , but during the coup of John Komnenos the Fat on 31 July 1200 , he hid in a cupboard as the rebels seized control of the Hagia Sophia . John remained in office after Alexios III 's deposition in July 1203 , and according to Western sources , both he and Alexios IV Angelos , threatened by the Fourth Crusade , acknowledged papal supremacy in the same year . After the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204 , he initially fled to Didymoteichon in Thrace . In 1206 , Theodore I Laskaris invited him to Nicaea , where he had established the Empire of Nicaea , a Byzantine Greek successor state , but John refused , perhaps because of his advanced age , and died in April or May of the same year . The Crusaders then installed a Latin Patriarch in Constantinople , while Theodore simply created a new Greek Patriarchate in Nicaea , which was eventually restored in Constantinople with the rest of the Empire in 1261 . Byzantium ("Byzántion") was an ancient Greek colony on the site that later became Constantinople, and later still Istanbul. Byzantium was colonised by the Greeks from Megara in . Constantinople  was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (3301204 and 12611453), and also of the brief Latin (12041261), and the later Ottoman (14531923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330 AD.
candidates: byzantine empire byzantium capital city constantine constantinople egypt made megara of republic roman roman empire rome rose time
answer: byzantium