query: subclass_of proposition
supports: The term proposition has a broad use in contemporary philosophy . It is used to refer to some or all of the following : the primary bearers of truth - value , the objects of belief and other `` propositional attitudes '' ( i.e. , what is believed , doubted , etc. ) , the referents of that - clauses and the meanings of declarative sentences . Propositions are the sharable objects of attitudes and the primary bearers of truth and falsity . This stipulation rules out certain candidates for propositions , including thought - and utterance - tokens which are not sharable , and concrete events or facts , which can not be false . Orthodoxy (from Greek , "orthodoxia"  "right opinion") is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion. In the Christian sense the term means "conforming to the Christian faith as represented in the creeds of the early Church". The first seven Ecumenical Councils were held between the years of 325 and 787 with the aim of formalizing accepted doctrines. The mind is a set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, and memory. Western philosophy is the philosophical thought and work of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with Hellenic (i.e. Greek) philosophy of the Pre-Socratics such as Thales (c. 624  c. 546 BC) and Pythagoras (c. 570  c. 495 BC), and eventually covering a large area of the globe. The word "philosophy" itself originated from the Hellenic: "philosophia" (), literally, "the love of wisdom" ( "philein", "to love" and  "sophia", "wisdom"). Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case, with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty. Another way of defining belief sees it as a mental representation of an attitude positively oriented towards the likelihood of something being true. In the context of Ancient Greek thought, two related concepts were identified with regards to the concept of belief: "pistis" and "doxa". Simplified, we may say that "pistis" refers to "trust" and "confidence", while "doxa" refers to "opinion" and "acceptance". The English word "orthodoxy" derives from "doxa". Jonathan Leicester suggests that belief has the purpose of guiding action rather than indicating truth. Continental philosophy is a set of 19th- and 20th-century philosophical traditions from mainland Europe. This sense of the term originated among English-speaking philosophers in the second half of the 20th century, who used it to refer to a range of thinkers and traditions outside the analytic movement. Continental philosophy includes the following movements: German idealism, phenomenology, existentialism (and its antecedents, such as the thought of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche), hermeneutics, structuralism, post-structuralism, French feminism, psychoanalytic theory, and the critical theory of the Frankfurt School and related branches of Western Marxism. Contemporary philosophy is the present period in the history of Western philosophy beginning at the end of the 19th century with the professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic and continental philosophy. A fact is something that has really occurred or is actually correct. The usual test for a statement of fact is verifiabilitythat is, whether it can be demonstrated to correspond to experience. Standard reference works are often used to check facts. Scientific facts are verified by repeatable careful observation or measurement (by experiments or other means). Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard. Truth may also often be used in modern contexts to refer to an idea of "truth to self," or authenticity. Doxa (from ancient Greek , "glory", "praise" from  "dokein", "to appear", "to seem", "to think" and "to accept") is a Greek word meaning common belief or popular opinion. Used by the Greek rhetoricians as a tool for the formation of argument by using common opinions, the "doxa" was often manipulated by sophists to persuade the people, leading to Plato's condemnation of Athenian democracy. Professionalization, also called credentialism, is the social process by which any trade or occupation transforms itself into a true "profession of the highest integrity and competence." This process tends to result in establishing acceptable qualifications, a professional body or association to oversee the conduct of members of the profession and some degree of demarcation of the qualified from unqualified amateurs. It is also likely to create "occupational closure", closing the profession to entry from outsiders, amateurs and the unqualified. Reality is the state of things as they actually exist, rather than as they may appear or might be imagined. Reality includes everything that is and has been, whether or not it is observable or comprehensible. A still broader definition includes that which has existed, exists, or will exist. A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality, or else a mental process that makes use of such a symbol: "a formal system for making explicit certain entities or types of information, together with a specification of how the system does this." A profession is a vocation founded upon specialized educational training, the purpose of which is to supply disinterested objective counsel and service to others, for a direct and definite compensation, wholly apart from expectation of other business gain. The term is a truncation of the term "liberal profession", which is, in turn, an Anglicization of the French term "profession libérale". Originally borrowed by English users in the 19th century, it has been re-borrowed by international users from the late 20th, though the (upper-middle) class overtones of the term do not seem to survive retranslation: "liberal professions" are, according to the European Union's Directive on Recognition of Professional Qualifications (2005/36/EC) "those practiced on the basis of relevant professional qualifications in a personal, responsible and professionally independent capacity by those providing intellectual and conceptual services in the interest of the client and the public".
candidates: action argument association being belief case church class client closure definition democracy faith feminism formation french german greek history idea information love measurement mental process mental representation mind neuroscience person philosophy process profession public representation school sense service set specification state statement symbol term test theory thought tool training truncation western work world
answer: information