query: instance_of 1825 miramichi fire
supports: Firebombing is a bombing technique designed to damage a target, generally an urban area, through the use of fire, caused by incendiary devices, rather than from the blast effect of large bombs. A firestorm is a conflagration which attains such intensity that it creates and sustains its own wind system. It is most commonly a natural phenomenon, created during some of the largest bushfires and wildfires. Although the word has been used to describe certain large fires, the phenomenon's determining characteristic is a fire with its own storm-force winds from every point of the compass. The Black Saturday bushfires and the Great Peshtigo Fire are possible examples of forest fires with some portion of combustion due to a firestorm. Firestorms can also occur in cities, usually as a deliberate effect of targeted explosives such as occurred as a result of the aerial firebombings of Hamburg, Dresden, and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. Prince Edward Island (PEI or P.E.I.) is a province of Canada consisting of the island of the same name, as well as several much smaller islands. Fredericton is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. The city is situated in the west-central portion of the province along the Saint John River, which flows west to east as it bisects the city; it is the dominant natural feature of the area. One of the main urban centres in New Brunswick, the city had a population of 56,224 in the 2011 census. It is the third-largest city in the province after Saint John and Moncton. Nova Scotia (Latin for "New Scotland"; French: "Nouvelle-Écosse") is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces which form Atlantic Canada. Its provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is Canada's second-smallest province, with an area of , including Cape Breton and another 3,800 coastal islands. As of 2011, the population was 921,727, making Nova Scotia the second most-densely populated province in Canada with almost . The Peshtigo Fire was a forest fire that took place on October 8, 1871 in and around Peshtigo, Wisconsin. It was the deadliest wildfire in recorded history, with estimated deaths of around 1,500 people, possibly as many as 2,500.  A conflagration is a large and destructive fire that threatens human life, animal life, health, and/or property. It may also be described as a blaze or simply a (large) fire. A conflagration can begin accidentally, be naturally caused (wildfire), or intentionally created (arson). Arson can be for fraud, murder, sabotage or diversion, or due to a person's pyromania. A firestorm can form as a consequence of a very large fire, in which the central column of rising heated air induces strong inward winds, which supply oxygen to the fire. Conflagrations can cause casualties including deaths or injuries from burns, trauma due to collapse of structures and attempts to escape, and smoke inhalation. New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces (together with Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia) and is the only constitutionally bilingual (EnglishFrench) province. Fredericton is the capital, Moncton is the largest metropolitan (CMA) area and Saint John is the most populous city. In the 2011 nationwide census, Statistics Canada estimated the provincial population to have been 751,171, being on an area of almost 73,000 km. The majority of the population is English-speaking, but there is also a large Francophone minority (33%), chiefly of Acadian origin. The current premier of the province is Brian Gallant. It was created as a result of the partitioning of the British colony of Nova Scotia in 1784. The provincial flag features a ship superimposed on a yellow background with a yellow "lion passant guardant" on red pennon above it. Acadia was a colony of New France in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day Maine to the Kennebec River. During much of the 17th and early 18th centuries, Norridgewock on the Kennebec River and Castine at the end of the Penobscot River were the southernmost settlements of Acadia. The actual specification by the French government for the territory refers to lands bordering the Atlantic coast, roughly between the 40th and 46th parallels. Later, the territory was divided into the British colonies which became Canadian provinces and American states. The population of Acadia included members of the Wabanaki Confederacy and descendants of emigrants from France (i.e., Acadians). The two communities intermarried, which resulted in a significant portion of the population of Acadia being Métis. Moncton is a city located in Westmorland County in the southeastern portion of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley, Moncton lies at the geographic centre of the Maritime Provinces. The city has earned the nickname "Hub City" due to its central inland location in the region and its history as a railway and land transportation hub for the Maritimes. COMPASS is an acronym for "COMP"rehensive "ASS"embler. COMPASS is any of a family of macro assembly languages on Control Data Corporation's 3000 series, and on the 60-bit CDC 6000 series, 7600 and Cyber 70 and 170 series mainframe computers. While the architectures are very different, the macro and conditional assembly facilities are similar. Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton. A pennon or pennant is a flag that is larger at the hoist than at the fly. It can have several shapes, such as triangular, tapering or triangular and swallow-tailed. Statistics Canada, which was formed in 1971, is the Government of Canada government agency commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture. Its headquarters is in Ottawa. The Black Saturday bushfires were a series of bushfires that ignited or were burning across the Australian state of Victoria on and around Saturday, 7 February 2009 and were Australia's all-time worst bushfire disasters. The fires occurred during extreme bushfire-weather conditions and resulted in Australia's highest ever loss of life from a bushfire; 173 people died and 414 were injured as a result of the fires. Newcastle is a Canadian urban neighbourhood in the city of Miramichi, New Brunswick. The Great Miramichi Fire refers to a massive forest fire ( or series of fires ) which devastated forests and communities throughout much of northern New Brunswick in October 1825 . It ranks among the three largest forest fires ever recorded in North America . About 1/3 of the homes in Fredericton were destroyed , but the main devastation was 100 miles ( 160 km ) to the northeast . The preceding summer was a particularity hot one , with bush fires common . On the evening of October 7 , 1825 , the firestorm roared through Newcastle , New Brunswick ( now part of the City of Miramichi ) , and in less than 3 hours reduced the town of 1,000 people to ruins - of 260 original buildings , only 12 remained . Only 6 of 70 buildings survived in the adjacent village of Douglastown . The fire similarly destroyed other communities , including Moorefield , Napan , and Black River Bridge . Chatham , Nelson , and Doaktown escaped the fire . The cause of the blaze is not known , but was likely of human origin . To escape the blaze many residents took refuge with livestock and wildlife in the Miramichi River - about 160 people died in and around Newcastle , including prisoners in the Newcastle Jail . Elsewhere , the totals were likely higher , given the number of lumbermen in the forests at the time ( about 3000 ) . In total the fire ( s ) consumed almost 16,000 km² ( about 1/5 of New Brunswick 's forests ) . The blaze has been partly attributed to unusually hot weather in the fall and summer of 1825 , coupled with outdoor fires by settlers and loggers . The communities were soon rebuilt , but many of those affected moved to communities bordering the Bay of Chaleur , including Campbellton , Dalhousie , Belledune , and the southern Gaspé coast . It is also probable that some of the displaced persons established a community in the Ottawa Valley formerly known as Miramichi , now known as Pembroke , Ontario . Although the lumber industry recovered , the fire is considered responsible for the end of the mast - making industry on the Miramichi River . The event is immortalised in the 1959 Folkways Records recording of Miramichi Fire , a traditional folksong included on the album Folksongs of Maine . The fire is also the centerpiece of Valerie Sherrard 's first historical novel , Three Million Acres of Flame . A wildfire or wildland fire is a fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or rural area. Depending on the type of vegetation where it occurs, a wildfire can also be classified more specifically as a brush fire, bush fire, desert fire, forest fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, or veld fire. Fossil charcoal indicates that wildfires began soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants 420 million years ago. Wildfires occurrence throughout the history of terrestrial life invites conjecture that fire must have had pronounced evolutionary effects on most ecosystems' flora and fauna. Earth is an intrinsically flammable planet owing to its cover of carbon-rich vegetation, seasonally dry climates, atmospheric oxygen, and widespread lightning and volcano ignitions.
candidates: acronym area bombing border capital cause city climate colony compass conflagration country county economy family feature february fire firebombing flag force fraud government government agency health history human island location name nickname nova october person phenomenon province province of canada result sabotage saint series ship state statistics ten territory the city three time two urban area volcano weather wildfire word
answer: wildfire