query: occupation ndabaningi sithole
supports: The Zimbabwe African National Union  Patriotic Front (ZANUPF) has been the ruling party in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party has been led by Robert Mugabe, first as Prime Minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as President from 1988 after merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANUPF. In the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANUPF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change  Tsvangirai (MDC), but subsequently won the 2013 election and gained a two-thirds majority. Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability, the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy. Governments (the equivalent of the executive branch) in Westminster democracies are responsible to parliament rather than to the monarch, or, in a colonial context, to the imperial government, and in a republican context, to the president, either in full or in part. If the parliament is bicameral, then the government is responsible first to the parliament's lower house, which is more numerous, always directly elected and thus more representative than the upper house.
  Responsible government of parliamentary accountability manifests itself in several ways. Ministers account to Parliament for their decisions and for the performance of their departments. This requirement to make announcements and to answer questions in Parliament means that ministers have to have the privileges of the "floor" which are only granted to those who are members of either house of Parliament. Secondly, and most importantly, although ministers are officially appointed by the authority of the head of state and can theoretically be dismissed at the pleasure of the sovereign, they concurrently retain their office subject to their holding the confidence of the lower house of Parliament. When the lower house has passed a motion of no confidence in the government, the government must immediately resign or submit itself to the electorate in a new general election. Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo (19 June 1917  1 July 1999) was the leader and founder of the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and a member of the Ndebele (Kalanga) tribe.  Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west and southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique to the east and northeast. Although it does not border Namibia, less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly 13 million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born 21 February 1924) is a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who has governed the Republic of Zimbabwe as its President since 1987, having previously governed as its Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he has led the Zimbabwe African National Union  Patriotic Front (ZANUPF) party since 1975. The Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) is a Zimbabwean political party. It was a militant organisation and political party that fought for the national liberation of Zimbabwe from its founding in 1961 until independence in 1980. In 1987 it merged with the Zimbabwe African National Union  Patriotic Front (ZANU - PF) and was relaunched in 2008. Rev. Ndabaningi Sithole ( pronunciation : nda - va - nin - gee sitt - o - le ) ( 31 July 1920 -- 12 December 2000 ) founded the Zimbabwe African National Union ( ZANU ) , a militant organisation that opposed the government of Rhodesia , in July 1963 . A member of the Ndau ethnic group ( more closely tied to the Mashona than the Ndebele who supported the ZAPU ) , he also worked as a Methodist minister . He spent 10 years in prison after the government banned ZANU . A rift along tribal lines split ZANU in 1975 , and he lost the 1980 elections to Robert Mugabe . Rhodesia, commonly known from 1970 onwards as the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territorial terms to modern Zimbabwe. With its capital in Salisbury (now Harare), Rhodesia was considered a "de facto" successor state to the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia (which had achieved responsible government in 1923). The Zimbabwe African National Union was a militant organization that fought against the white minority government in Rhodesia, formed as a split from the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU). ZANU won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and seven years later merged with Joshua Nkomo's ZAPU to form ZANU-PF.
candidates: founder head of state leader member militant minister monarch official politician revolutionary sovereign
answer: politician