query: date_of_death jean renart
supports: A troubadour was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (11001350). Since the word "troubadour" is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a trobairitz. A lai (or "lay lyrique", "lyric lay", to distinguish it from a "lai breton") is a lyrical, narrative poem written in octosyllabic couplets that often deals with tales of adventure and romance. "Lais" were mainly composed in France and Germany, during the 13th and 14th centuries. The English term 
  "lay" is a 13th-century loan from Old French "lai". The origin of the French term itself is unclear; perhaps it is itself a loan from German "Leich" (reflected in archaic or dialectal English "lake", "sport, play").The terms "note", "nota" and "notula" (as used by Johannes de Grocheio) appear to have been synonyms for "lai". Chrétien de Troyes ("Christian") was a late-12th-century French poet and trouvère known for his work on Arthurian subjects, and for originating the character Lancelot. This work represents some of the best-regarded of medieval literature. His use of structure, particularly in "Yvain, the Knight of the Lion", has been seen as a step towards the modern novel. Little is known of his life, but he seems to have been from Troyes, or at least intimately connected with it, and between 1160 and 1172 he served at the court of his patroness Marie of France, Countess of Champagne, daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, perhaps as herald-at-arms (as Gaston Paris speculated). Jean Renart , also known as Jean Renaut , was a Norman trouvère from the end of the 12th century and the first half of the 13th to whom three works are firmly ascribed : two metrical chivalric romances , L'Escoufle ( `` The Kite '' ) and Guillaume de Dole , and a lai , Lai de lOmbre . Nothing else is known of him or his life . He is praised for his realism and his psychological insight . Vigneras proposed in 1933 that the dates for Jean Renaut would have to be moved forward : while other scholars dated his activities to between 1195 and 1215 , he dated L'Escoufle to after 1245 . Guillaume de Dole is `` generally regarded as his chef d'oeuvre . '' It is a longer narrative poem , notable for its incorporation of a large number of shorter lyric poems , including a number of chansons de toile . The date of composition is usually placed early in the thirteenth century . The High Middle Ages or High Medieval Period was the period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries (c. 10011300). The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500. Old Occitan (Modern Occitan: "occitan ancian"), also called Old Provençal, was the earliest form of the Occitano-Romance languages, as attested in writings dating from the eighth through the fourteenth centuries. Old Occitan generally includes Early and Old Occitan. Middle Occitan is sometimes included in Old Occitan, sometimes in Modern Occitan. As the term "occitanus" appeared around the year 1300, Old Occitan is referred to as "Romance" (Occitan: "romans") or "Provençal" (Occitan: "proensals") in medieval texts. Johannes de Grocheio (Grocheo) (c. 1255  c. 1320) was a Parisian musical theorist of the early fourteenth century. His French name was Jean de Grouchy, but he is more commonly known by his Latinized name. A Master of Arts, he is the author of the treatise "Ars musicae" ("The art of music") (c. 1300), an attempt to describe the music of his time as it was practiced in and around Paris. Trouvère, sometimes spelled trouveur , is the Northern French (langue d'oïl) form of the langue d'oc (Occitan) word "trobador". It refers to poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the troubadours (composers and performers of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages) but who composed their works in the northern dialects of France. The first known "trouvère" was Chrétien de Troyes ("fl". 1160s-1180s) (Butterfield, 1997) and the "trouvères" continued to flourish until about 1300. Some 2130 "trouvère" poems have survived; of these, at least two-thirds have melodies.
candidates: 1001 1100 1160 1172 1255 1300 1320 1997
answer: 1300