query: date_of_death archie cochrane
supports: Archibald Leman Cochrane ( 1909 -- 1988 ) was a Scottish doctor noted for his book Effectiveness and Efficiency : Random Reflections on Health Services . This book advocated for the use of randomized control trials to make medicine more effective and efficient . His advocacy of randomized controlled trials eventually led to the development of the Cochrane Library database of systematic reviews , the establishment of the UK Cochrane Centre in Oxford and the international Cochrane Collaboration . The Cochrane Library (named after Archie Cochrane) is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations. At its core is the collection of Cochrane Reviews, a database of systematic reviews and meta-analyses which summarize and interpret the results of medical research. The Cochrane Library aims to make the results of well-conducted controlled trials readily available and is a key resource in evidence-based medicine. Southampton, on the south coast of England, is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire. It is south-west of London and north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the Rivers Test and Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to "So'ton" or "Soton", and a resident of Southampton is called a . Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and county in South West England with an estimated population of 449,300 in 2016. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, and the most populous city in Southern England after London. The city borders the Unitary Authority areas of North Somerset and South Gloucestershire, with the historic cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east, respectively. Archibald Leman Cochrane (12 January 1909  18 June 1988) was a Scottish doctor noted for his book "Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services". This book advocated for the use of randomized control trials to make medicine more effective and efficient.
  His advocacy of randomized controlled trials eventually led to the development of the Cochrane Library database of systematic reviews, the establishment of the UK Cochrane Centre in Oxford and the international Cochrane Collaboration. Birmingham is a major city and metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It is the largest and most populous British city outside London, with a population in 2014 of 1,101,360. The city is in the West Midlands Built-up Area, the third most populous urban area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2,440,986 at the 2011 census. Birmingham's metropolitan area is the second most populous in the UK with a population of 3.8 million. This also makes Birmingham the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Europe. Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With a population of 159,994 it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, and one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse. The city is situated from London, from Bristol, from both Southampton and Birmingham and from Reading.
candidates: 1 101 12 january 1909 159 18 18 june 1988 1909 1988 2011 2014 253 360 440 449 651 994
answer: 18 june 1988