query: filming_location cavalleria rusticana 
supports: Lion of the Desert is a 1981 Libyan historical action film starring Anthony Quinn as Libyan tribal leader Omar Mukhtar, a Bedouin leader fighting the "Regio Esercito" (Italian Royal Army) in the years leading up to World War II, and Oliver Reed as Italian General Rodolfo Graziani, who attempted to defeat Mukhtar. It was directed by Moustapha Akkad and funded by the government under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. Released in May 1981, the film was liked by critics and audiences but performed poorly financially, bringing in just $1 million net worldwide. . The film was banned in Italy in 1982 and was only shown on pay TV in 2009. Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state. Carmine Gallone (10 September 1885 in Taggia, Liguria, Italy  4 April 1973 in Frascati, Italy) was an early acclaimed Italian film director, screenwriter, and film producer. Considered one of Italian cinema's top early directors, he directed over 120 films in his fifty-year career between 1913 and 1963. Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti (17 March 186330 May 1934) was an Italian librettist, best known for his friendship and collaboration with the composer Pietro Mascagni. Most of his libretti were written in collaboration with Guido Menasci. Cavalleria rusticana ( 1953 ) is a 3 - D Italian drama film directed by Carmine Gallone . The film is based on the opera Cavalleria rusticana and stars May Britt , Anthony Quinn , Ettore Manni and Kermia . Quinn plays Alfio , miming to the voice of Tito Gobbi . Guido Menasci (24 March 1867  27 December 1925) was an Italian opera librettist. Frascati is a town and "comune" in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum. Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories. May Britt (born 22 March 1934) is a Swedish actress who had a brief career in the 1950s in Italy and later in the United States. She paused from the screen while she was married to Sammy Davis, Jr. from 1960-68. Liguria (]) is a coastal region of north-western Italy; its capital is Genoa. The region is popular with tourists for its beaches, towns and cuisine. Taggia is a "comune" (municipality) in the Province of Imperia in the Italian region Liguria, located about southwest of Genoa and about west of Imperia. It has around 13,000 inhabitants. Antonio Rodolfo Quinn Oaxaca (April 21, 1915  June 3, 2001), more commonly known as Anthony Quinn, was a Mexican-born American actor, painter and writer. He starred in numerous critically acclaimed and commercially successful films, including "La Strada", "The Guns of Navarone", "Zorba the Greek", "Guns for San Sebastian", "Lawrence of Arabia", "The Message" and "Lion of the Desert". He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor twice: for "Viva Zapata!" in 1952 and "Lust for Life" in 1956. Giovanni Carmelo Verga (2 September 1840  27 January 1922) was an Italian realist ("Verismo") writer, best known for his depictions of life in his native Sicily, and especially for the short story (and later play) "Cavalleria Rusticana" and the novel "I Malavoglia" ("The House by the Medlar Tree"). Chivalry, or the chivalric code, is a code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood which developed between 1170 and 1220. The ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature, especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France, the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae" which introduced the legend of King Arthur, written in the 1130s. Ettore Manni (6 May 1927  27 July 1979) was an Italian film actor. He appeared in 107 films between 1952 and 1979.  Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni (7 December 1863  2 August 1945) was an Italian composer most noted for his operas. His 1890 masterpiece "Cavalleria Rusticana" caused one of the greatest sensations in opera history and single-handedly ushered in the "Verismo" movement in Italian dramatic music. While it was often held that Mascagni, like Leoncavallo, was a "one-opera man" who could never repeat his first success, "L'amico Fritz" and "Iris" have remained in the repertoire in Europe (especially Italy) since their premieres. Mascagni said that at one point, "Iris" was performed in Italy more often than "Cavalleria" (cf. Stivender). Tito Gobbi (24 October 19135 March 1984) was an Italian operatic baritone with an international reputation. Ruggero (or Ruggiero) Leoncavallo (23 April 18579 August 1919) was an Italian opera composer and librettist. Although he produced numerous operas and other songs throughout his career it is his two-act work "Pagliacci" (1892) that remained his lasting contribution, despite attempts to escape the shadow of his greatest success. Cavalleria rusticana (Italian for "rustic chivalry") is an opera in one act by Pietro Mascagni to an Italian libretto by Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti and Guido Menasci, adapted from a play and short story written by Giovanni Verga. Considered one of the classic "verismo" operas, it premiered on 17 May 1890 at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome. Since 1893, it has often been performed in a so-called "Cav/Pag" double-bill with "Pagliacci" by Ruggero Leoncavallo.
candidates: 10 13 17 2 21 22 23 24 4 6 7 france imperia italy rome san marino sicily vatican city
answer: sicily