query: movement polyptych of perugia
supports: Piero della Francesca (; c. 1415  12 October 1492) was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. As testified by Giorgio Vasari in his "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects", to contemporaries he was also known as a mathematician and geometer. Nowadays Piero della Francesca is chiefly appreciated for his art. His painting was characterized by its serene humanism, its use of geometric forms and perspective. His most famous work is the cycle of frescoes "The History of the True Cross" in the church of San Francesco in the Tuscan town of Arezzo. Fresco (plural frescos or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid, or wet lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall. The word fresco is derived from the Italian adjective "fresco" meaning "fresh", and may thus be contrasted with fresco-secco or secco mural painting techniques, which are applied to dried plaster, to supplement painting in fresco. The fresco technique has been employed since antiquity and is closely associated with Italian Renaissance painting. The Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria is the Italian national paintings collection of Umbria, housed in the Palazzo dei Priori, Perugia, in central Italy. Its collection comprises the greatest representation of the Umbrian School of painting, ranging from the 13th to the 19th century, strongest in the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries. The collection is presented in 40 galleries in the Palazzo. The Renaissance was a period in European history, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age. The Polyptych of Perugia ( also known as Polyptych of St. Anthony ) is a complex of paintings by the Italian Renaissance master Piero della Francesca , finished around 1470 . It is housed in the Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria , Perugia , Italy . The work was executed for the new Franciscan convent of Sant'Antonio da Padova in Perugia , most likely in the years following his sojourn in Rome . It portrays the Virgin enthroned with the Child in the central part , flanked by several saints : Anthony of Padua and John the Baptist on the left , Francis and Elizabeth of Hungary in the right . In the cusp is the Annunciation . The upper part of the predella shows the saints Clare and Lucy , while in the lower part are miracles stories of the main Franciscan saints . The central part of the polyptych shows a still archaic formula , both in the composition of the frame and in the gold backgrounds : Piero della Francesca was in fact called to complete a work already begun by a local painter . The figures are impressively robust and full - bodied , the realism of iconography innovative and the perspective of the niche throne on which Mary sits is meticulously worked out Of lesser quality are the predella panels , which are in fact attributed to assistants . More innovative and typical of the artist 's style is the Annunciation , set in a bright cloister , whose illusionist view is considered amongst the greatest perspective renderings of Renaissance art. Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and affirms their ability to improve their lives through the use of reason and ingenuity as opposed to submitting blindly to tradition and authority or sinking into cruelty and brutality. The term was coined in 1808 by the early nineteenth century German educational reformer and theologian Friedrich Niethammer and gradually adopted into English. Niethammer had wished to introduce into German education the humane values of ancient Greece and Rome. Niethhammer was a Lutheran theologian. Since the twentieth century, however, Anglophone humanist movements have usually been aligned with secularism, and today humanism typically refers to a non-theistic life stance centred on human agency and looking to science rather than revelation from a supernatural source to understand the world. The History of the True Cross or The Legend of the True Cross is a sequence of frescoes painted by Piero della Francesca in the Basilica of San Francesco in Arezzo. It is his largest work, and generally considered one of his finest, and an early Renaissance masterpiece. The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, from Cimabue to Our Times, or "Le Vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori, e architettori da Cimabue insino a' tempi nostri", as it was originally known in Italian, is a series of artist biographies written by 16th-century Italian painter and architect Giorgio Vasari, which is considered "perhaps the most famous, and even today the most-read work of the older literature of art", "some of the Italian Renaissance's most influential writing on art", and "the first important book on art history". The title is often abridged to the "Vite" or the "Lives".
candidates: art history early renaissance humanism renaissance renaissance painting umbrian school
answer: early renaissance