query: genre le sommeil du monstre
supports: Sir Ridley Scott (born 30 November 1937) is an English film director and producer. Following his commercial breakthrough with the science-fiction horror film "Alien" (1979), his best known works are the neo-noir dystopian science fiction film "Blade Runner" (1982), crime drama "Thelma & Louise" (1991), historical drama and Best Picture Oscar winner "Gladiator" (2000), war film "Black Hawk Down" (2001), crime thriller "Hannibal" (2001), biographical film "American Gangster" (2007), and science fiction films "Prometheus" (2012) and "The Martian" (2015). A graphic novel is a book made up of comics content. Although the word "novel" normally refers to long fictional works, the term "graphic novel" is applied broadly and includes fiction, non-fiction, and anthologized work. It is distinguished from the term "comic book", which is used for comics periodicals. Blade Runner is a 1982 American neo-noir science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young, and Edward James Olmos. The film, written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples, is an adaptation of the 1968 novel "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" by Philip K. Dick. Métal hurlant (literal translation: "Screaming Metal") is a French comics anthology of science fiction and horror comics stories, created in December 1974 by comics artists Jean Giraud (better known as "Mœbius") and Philippe Druillet together with journalist-writer Jean-Pierre Dionnet and financial director Bernard Farkas. Enki Bilal (born October 7, 1951) is a French comic book creator, comics artist and film director. Le Sommeil du monstre written and drawn by Enki Bilal , is a Franco - Belgian comic book in the sci - fi genre , and the first of a series of four volumes in French titled Tétralogie du Monstre . It was first published in 1998 by the editor Les Humanoïdes Associés . This album has been translated into English as The Dormant Beast , and along with the following two volumes , 32 décembre and Rendez - vous à Paris , published in English under the title The Beast Trilogy : Chapters 1 & 2 , by Humanoids Publishing . A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form. Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. The first modern comic book, "Famous Funnies", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics. The term "comic book" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone. The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as "The Adventures of Tintin". American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning ("") propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia. Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas." It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction. Les Humanoïdes Associés is a French publishing house specialising in comics and graphic novels. Founded in December 1974 by Mœbius, Jean-Pierre Dionnet, Philippe Druillet and Bernard Farkas in order to publish "Métal Hurlant", it quickly expanded to include a variety of science fiction work. Considered revolutionary in the comic book artform at the time, chiefly due to its focus on the sci-fi genre, it inspired many generations of authors and filmmakers, such as Ridley Scott for his film "Blade Runner". A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. Traditionally, throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, these have been published in newspapers and magazines, with horizontal strips printed in black-and-white in daily newspapers, while Sunday newspapers offered longer sequences in special color comics sections. With the development of the internet, they began to appear online as web comics.
  There were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers alone each day for most of the 20th century, for a total of at least 7,300,000 episodes. Rendez-vous à Paris is a French comic book by Enki Bilal, and the third album of the tetralogy featuring Nike Hatzfeld. Philippe Druillet (born June 28, 1944) is a French comics artist and creator, and an innovator in visual design. Famous Funnies is an American publication of the 1930s that represents what popular culture historians consider the first true American comic book, following seminal precursors. An American comic book is a thin (typically 32-page) periodical containing primarily comics content.
candidates: anthology cartoon comic comic book comic strip culture design fantasy fiction graphic novel history horror horror film james literature magazine mass narrative science science fiction science fiction film speculative speculative fiction superhero travel variety western world war ii
answer: graphic novel