text:
ffmpeg: Preserve timecode when converting mov to mp4
This seems simple enough.  I want to do a basic conversion of a .mov file to a .mp4 file using ffmpeg.  The hitch seems to be that I also need to preserve the timecode.
I've looked at many posts from around the web and specifically:
ffmpeg Cut a media preserving all streams but also all metadata, timecodes and everything else
ffmpeg: preserve timecode when converting mp4 to mov
I started with a very simple command line:
ffmpeg -y -i input.mov output.mp4

Then I tried to preserve metadata:
ffmpeg -y -i input.mov -map_metadata 0 output.mp4

Then, maybe, preserve a header?
ffmpeg -y -i input.mov -flags global_header output.mp4

When I open the output .mp4 file in Adobe Premiere, I see Timecode.  However, when I open it in Quicktime, I do not get timecode.  (Quicktime does show the timecode in the original .mov file).
If it helps, this is the ffmpeg I am using:
ffmpeg version N-95032-g3104100a12 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9.2.1 (GCC) 20190918
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt --enable-amf
  libavutil      56. 35.100 / 56. 35.100
  libavcodec     58. 58.101 / 58. 58.101
  libavformat    58. 33.100 / 58. 33.100
  libavdevice    58.  9.100 / 58.  9.100
  libavfilter     7. 58.102 /  7. 58.102
  libswscale      5.  6.100 /  5.  6.100
  libswresample   3.  6.100 /  3.  6.100
  libpostproc    55.  6.100 / 55.  6.100

Any help is appreciated!
EDIT: Adding Debug Output from FFMPEG:
C:\ffmpeg -y -loglevel 48 -i "inputVideo.mov" "outputVideo.mp4"

ffmpeg version N-95032-g3104100a12 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9.2.1 (GCC) 20190918
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt --enable-amf
  libavutil      56. 35.100 / 56. 35.100
  libavcodec     58. 58.101 / 58. 58.101
  libavformat    58. 33.100 / 58. 33.100
  libavdevice    58.  9.100 / 58.  9.100
  libavfilter     7. 58.102 /  7. 58.102
  libswscale      5.  6.100 /  5.  6.100
  libswresample   3.  6.100 /  3.  6.100
  libpostproc    55.  6.100 / 55.  6.100
Splitting the commandline.
Reading option '-y' ... matched as option 'y' (overwrite output files) with argument '1'.
Reading option '-loglevel' ... matched as option 'loglevel' (set logging level) with argument '48'.
Reading option '-i' ... matched as input url with argument 'inputVideo.mov'.
Reading option 'outputVideo.mp4' ... matched as output url.
Finished splitting the commandline.
Parsing a group of options: global .
Applying option y (overwrite output files) with argument 1.
Applying option loglevel (set logging level) with argument 48.
Successfully parsed a group of options.
Parsing a group of options: input url inputVideo.mov.
Successfully parsed a group of options.
Opening an input file: inputVideo.mov.
[NULL @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Opening 'inputVideo.mov' for reading
[file @ 0000023f4e5ebdc0] Setting default whitelist 'file,crypto'
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Format mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 probed with size=2048 and score=100
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] ISO: File Type Major Brand: qt
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Unknown dref type 0x73696c61 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Processing st: 0, edit list 0 - media time: 0, duration: 108909
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Unknown dref type 0x73696c61 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Processing st: 1, edit list 0 - media time: 0, duration: 108909
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Unknown dref type 0x73696c61 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Processing st: 2, edit list 0 - media time: 0, duration: 68068
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Unknown dref type 0x73696c61 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Before avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 18549647 bytes read:196608 seeks:5 nb_streams:4
[prores @ 0000023f4e5efe00] Auto bitdepth precision. Use 10b decoding based on codec tag.
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] Probe buffer size limit of 5000000 bytes reached
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0000023f4e5ead80] After avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 23634243 bytes read:5248982 seeks:5 frames:10
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.0 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.1 : mono
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'inputVideo.mov':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : qt
    minor_version   : 537199360
    compatible_brands: qt
    creation_time   : 2019-05-21T11:17:22.000000Z
  Duration: 00:00:02.27, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 203170 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(eng), 0, 1/48000: Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2019-05-21T11:17:22.000000Z
      handler_name    : AJA Sound Media Handler
    Stream #0:1(eng), 0, 1/48000: Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2019-05-21T11:17:22.000000Z
      handler_name    : AJA Sound Media Handler
    Stream #0:2(eng), 9, 1/30000: Video: prores (Standard), 1 reference frame (apcn / 0x6E637061), yuv422p10le(tv, unknown/reserved/reserved, progressive), 1920x1080, 0/1, 135462 kb/s, SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 30k tbn, 30k tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2019-05-21T11:17:22.000000Z
      handler_name    : AJA Video Media Handler
      encoder         : Apple ProRes 422
      timecode        : 12:48:34:12
    Stream #0:3(eng), 1, 1/30000: Data: none (tmcd / 0x64636D74), 0/1, 0 kb/s
    Metadata:
      rotate          : 0
      creation_time   : 2019-05-21T11:17:22.000000Z
      handler_name    : AJA Time Code Handler
      reel_name       : 001
      timecode        : 12:48:34:12
Successfully opened the file.
Parsing a group of options: output url outputVideo.mp4.
Successfully parsed a group of options.
Opening an output file: outputVideo.mp4.
[file @ 0000023f4f76ed00] Setting default whitelist 'file,crypto'
Successfully opened the file.
detected 12 logical cores
[prores @ 0000023f4e68d880] Auto bitdepth precision. Use 10b decoding based on codec tag.
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:2 -> #0:0 (prores (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:1 (pcm_s24le (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
    Last message repeated 13 times
[graph 0 input from stream 0:2 @ 0000023f4f41bac0] Setting 'video_size' to value '1920x1080'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:2 @ 0000023f4f41bac0] Setting 'pix_fmt' to value '66'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:2 @ 0000023f4f41bac0] Setting 'time_base' to value '1/30000'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:2 @ 0000023f4f41bac0] Setting 'pixel_aspect' to value '1/1'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:2 @ 0000023f4f41bac0] Setting 'sws_param' to value 'flags=2'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:2 @ 0000023f4f41bac0] Setting 'frame_rate' to value '30000/1001'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:2 @ 0000023f4f41bac0] w:1920 h:1080 pixfmt:yuv422p10le tb:1/30000 fr:30000/1001 sar:1/1 sws_param:flags=2
[format @ 0000023f52ab0500] Setting 'pix_fmts' to value 'yuv420p|yuvj420p|yuv422p|yuvj422p|yuv444p|yuvj444p|nv12|nv16|nv21|yuv420p10le|yuv422p10le|yuv444p10le|nv20le|gray|gray10le'
[AVFilterGraph @ 0000023f4e602740] query_formats: 4 queried, 3 merged, 0 already done, 0 delayed
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] using mv_range_thread = 24
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] using SAR=1/1
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] profile High 4:2:2, level 4.0, 4:2:2, 10-bit
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] 264 - core 158 r2984 3759fcb - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2019 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=18 lookahead_threads=3 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=81 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Clipping frame in rate conversion by 0.000008
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:1 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:1 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:1 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:1 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:1 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:1 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[graph_1_in_0_0 @ 0000023f4f2358c0] Setting 'time_base' to value '1/48000'
[graph_1_in_0_0 @ 0000023f4f2358c0] Setting 'sample_rate' to value '48000'
[graph_1_in_0_0 @ 0000023f4f2358c0] Setting 'sample_fmt' to value 's32'
[graph_1_in_0_0 @ 0000023f4f2358c0] Setting 'channel_layout' to value '0x4'
[graph_1_in_0_0 @ 0000023f4f2358c0] tb:1/48000 samplefmt:s32 samplerate:48000 chlayout:0x4
[format_out_0_1 @ 0000023f4f236fc0] Setting 'sample_fmts' to value 'fltp'
[format_out_0_1 @ 0000023f4f236fc0] Setting 'sample_rates' to value '96000|88200|64000|48000|44100|32000|24000|22050|16000|12000|11025|8000|7350'
[format_out_0_1 @ 0000023f4f236fc0] auto-inserting filter 'auto_resampler_0' between the filter 'Parsed_anull_0' and the filter 'format_out_0_1'
[AVFilterGraph @ 0000023f4e602480] query_formats: 4 queried, 6 merged, 3 already done, 0 delayed
[auto_resampler_0 @ 0000023f4f236dc0] [SWR @ 0000023f4f23a480] Using fltp internally between filters
[auto_resampler_0 @ 0000023f4f236dc0] ch:1 chl:mono fmt:s32 r:48000Hz -> ch:1 chl:mono fmt:fltp r:48000Hz
Output #0, mp4, to 'outputVideo.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : qt
    minor_version   : 537199360
    compatible_brands: qt
    encoder         : Lavf58.33.100
    Stream #0:0(eng), 0, 1/30000: Video: h264 (libx264), 1 reference frame (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv422p10le(top coded first (swapped)), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 0/1, q=-1--1, 0.03 fps, 30k tbn, 29.97 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2019-05-21T11:17:22.000000Z
      handler_name    : AJA Video Media Handler
      timecode        : 12:48:34:12
      encoder         : Lavc58.58.101 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: N/A
    Stream #0:1(eng), 0, 1/48000: Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 48000 Hz, mono, fltp (24 bit), delay 1024, 69 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2019-05-21T11:17:22.000000Z
      handler_name    : AJA Sound Media Handler
      encoder         : Lavc58.58.101 aac
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:1 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:1 (0) [init:1 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:1 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
    Last message repeated 76 times
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:1 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
    Last message repeated 69 times
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:1 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
    Last message repeated 19 times
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   0 QP=35.73 NAL=3 Slice:I Poc:0   I:8160 P:0    SKIP:0    size=155655 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   1 QP=35.31 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:8   I:224  P:4523 SKIP:3413 size=36833 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   2 QP=37.99 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:4   I:3    P:2549 SKIP:5602 size=3687 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   3 QP=38.37 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:2   I:0    P:2182 SKIP:5970 size=2137 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   4 QP=38.56 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:6   I:2    P:1608 SKIP:6549 size=1637 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   5 QP=35.39 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:16  I:125  P:4484 SKIP:3551 size=30078 bytes
[out_0_0 @ 0000023f52ab0340] EOF on sink link out_0_0:default.
[out_0_1 @ 0000023f4f235ec0] EOF on sink link out_0_1:default.
No more output streams to write to, finishing.
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   6 QP=37.63 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:12  I:7    P:2561 SKIP:5582 size=3440 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   7 QP=38.90 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:10  I:0    P:2554 SKIP:5602 size=2205 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   8 QP=38.55 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:14  I:1    P:1824 SKIP:6334 size=1733 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=   9 QP=35.35 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:24  I:131  P:4353 SKIP:3676 size=27721 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  10 QP=37.66 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:20  I:2    P:2437 SKIP:5706 size=3120 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  11 QP=38.47 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:18  I:0    P:2291 SKIP:5867 size=2048 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  12 QP=39.01 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:22  I:0    P:1762 SKIP:6393 size=1558 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  13 QP=35.32 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:32  I:117  P:4134 SKIP:3909 size=23844 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  14 QP=38.39 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:28  I:3    P:2342 SKIP:5805 size=3295 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  15 QP=38.20 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:26  I:3    P:2171 SKIP:5984 size=2142 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  16 QP=38.92 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:30  I:0    P:1867 SKIP:6292 size=1695 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  17 QP=35.25 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:40  I:108  P:4151 SKIP:3901 size=23536 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  18 QP=37.68 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:36  I:2    P:2360 SKIP:5786 size=2840 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  19 QP=38.72 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:34  I:0    P:1924 SKIP:6230 size=1927 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  20 QP=39.59 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:38  I:1    P:1743 SKIP:6410 size=1597 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  21 QP=35.33 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:48  I:89   P:3900 SKIP:4171 size=20888 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  22 QP=37.94 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:44  I:2    P:2193 SKIP:5954 size=2763 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  23 QP=38.76 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:42  I:1    P:1882 SKIP:6272 size=1841 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  24 QP=38.76 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:46  I:0    P:1637 SKIP:6514 size=1477 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  25 QP=35.26 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:56  I:83   P:4037 SKIP:4040 size=21764 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  26 QP=37.71 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:52  I:2    P:2246 SKIP:5903 size=2798 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  27 QP=40.06 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:50  I:0    P:1864 SKIP:6292 size=1875 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  28 QP=39.06 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:54  I:0    P:1683 SKIP:6472 size=1548 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  29 QP=35.33 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:64  I:102  P:3945 SKIP:4113 size=20617 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  30 QP=37.61 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:60  I:0    P:2099 SKIP:6046 size=2867 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  31 QP=39.41 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:58  I:0    P:1696 SKIP:6457 size=1805 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  32 QP=38.90 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:62  I:2    P:1322 SKIP:6830 size=1546 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  33 QP=35.35 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:72  I:89   P:3725 SKIP:4346 size=18266 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  34 QP=38.31 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:68  I:1    P:2114 SKIP:6031 size=2637 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  35 QP=38.78 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:66  I:0    P:1736 SKIP:6417 size=1799 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  36 QP=39.23 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:70  I:0    P:1501 SKIP:6652 size=1478 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  37 QP=35.34 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:80  I:70   P:3719 SKIP:4371 size=17736 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  38 QP=38.27 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:76  I:0    P:2010 SKIP:6139 size=2335 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  39 QP=38.31 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:74  I:0    P:1687 SKIP:6470 size=1568 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  40 QP=39.64 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:78  I:0    P:1602 SKIP:6555 size=1412 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  41 QP=35.42 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:88  I:55   P:3556 SKIP:4549 size=15512 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  42 QP=38.49 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:84  I:0    P:1937 SKIP:6212 size=2553 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  43 QP=38.91 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:82  I:1    P:1692 SKIP:6466 size=1594 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  44 QP=38.97 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:86  I:0    P:1579 SKIP:6580 size=1410 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  45 QP=35.52 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:96  I:83   P:3326 SKIP:4751 size=14506 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  46 QP=38.21 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:92  I:1    P:1840 SKIP:6309 size=2535 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  47 QP=39.22 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:90  I:0    P:1458 SKIP:6693 size=1469 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  48 QP=39.78 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:94  I:0    P:1475 SKIP:6681 size=1443 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  49 QP=35.80 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:104 I:43   P:3007 SKIP:5110 size=11393 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  50 QP=38.30 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:100 I:5    P:1671 SKIP:6473 size=2302 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  51 QP=39.14 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:98  I:0    P:1247 SKIP:6912 size=1210 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  52 QP=39.21 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:102 I:0    P:1182 SKIP:6976 size=1295 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  53 QP=35.76 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:112 I:61   P:2610 SKIP:5489 size=10014 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  54 QP=37.88 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:108 I:0    P:1530 SKIP:6617 size=2094 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  55 QP=38.04 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:106 I:1    P:1370 SKIP:6789 size=1385 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  56 QP=39.65 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:110 I:0    P:1184 SKIP:6973 size=1273 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  57 QP=36.38 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:120 I:29   P:2435 SKIP:5696 size=7955 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  58 QP=38.09 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:116 I:0    P:1529 SKIP:6622 size=2100 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  59 QP=39.09 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:114 I:0    P:1148 SKIP:7008 size=1266 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  60 QP=38.23 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:118 I:1    P:1154 SKIP:7000 size=1229 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  61 QP=37.30 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:128 I:20   P:1166 SKIP:6974 size=3361 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  62 QP=37.89 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:124 I:4    P:981  SKIP:7174 size=1607 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  63 QP=38.78 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:122 I:0    P:710  SKIP:7448 size=862 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  64 QP=38.59 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:126 I:0    P:718  SKIP:7441 size=832 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  65 QP=38.34 NAL=2 Slice:P Poc:134 I:3    P:450  SKIP:7707 size=1115 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  66 QP=38.11 NAL=2 Slice:B Poc:130 I:1    P:486  SKIP:7672 size=900 bytes
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame=  67 QP=40.42 NAL=0 Slice:B Poc:132 I:0    P:401  SKIP:7758 size=568 bytes
[aac @ 0000023f4e68e1c0] Trying to remove 656 more samples than there are in the queue
frame=   68 fps= 37 q=-1.0 Lsize=     567kB time=00:00:02.28 bitrate=2034.9kbits/s speed=1.24x
video:543kB audio:20kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.755212%
Input file #0 (inputVideo.mov):
  Input stream #0:0 (audio): 109 packets read (326736 bytes); 109 frames decoded (108912 samples);
  Input stream #0:1 (audio): 0 packets read (0 bytes);
  Input stream #0:2 (video): 68 packets read (38419480 bytes); 68 frames decoded;
  Input stream #0:3 (data): 1 packets read (4 bytes);
  Total: 178 packets (38746220 bytes) demuxed
Output file #0 (outputVideo.mp4):
  Output stream #0:0 (video): 68 frames encoded; 68 packets muxed (556221 bytes);
  Output stream #0:1 (audio): 107 frames encoded (108912 samples); 108 packets muxed (20041 bytes);
  Total: 176 packets (576262 bytes) muxed
177 frames successfully decoded, 0 decoding errors
[AVIOContext @ 0000023f4f770200] Statistics: 2 seeks, 6 writeouts
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame I:1     Avg QP:35.73  size:155655
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame P:17    Avg QP:35.75  size: 17949
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] frame B:50    Avg QP:38.65  size:  1895
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] consecutive B-frames:  1.5%  0.0%  4.4% 94.1%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] mb I  I16..4:  8.1% 74.9% 17.0%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] mb P  I16..4:  0.0%  1.0%  0.0%  P16..4: 30.2%  4.3%  6.9%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:57.5%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] mb B  I16..4:  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  B16..8: 20.5%  0.2%  0.0%  direct: 0.1%  skip:79.1%  L0:36.3% L1:63.3% BI: 0.4%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] 8x8 transform intra:78.0% inter:78.6%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 83.2% 59.8% 20.2% inter: 4.3% 4.0% 0.1%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] i16 v,h,dc,p: 47% 15% 13% 25%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 22% 21% 20%  5%  5%  4%  9%  4% 10%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 25% 24% 12%  6%  6%  6%  8%  5%  9%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] i8c dc,h,v,p: 58% 17% 22%  3%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] ref P L0: 55.7% 26.9% 17.3%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] ref B L0: 70.3% 24.2%  5.6%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] ref B L1: 85.4% 14.6%
[libx264 @ 0000023f4e5f3740] kb/s:1958.74
[aac @ 0000023f4e68e1c0] Qavg: 127.549
[AVIOContext @ 0000023f4e5f4980] Statistics: 39042622 bytes read, 9 seeks

Share full log.

Thanks.  I updated the post to show debug-level output from FFMpeg.  I can clearly see that it recognizes timecode.  I don't know why Quicktime doesn't see it in the output and Adobe Premier does.

After some detective work, I've started using a command line that converts the video and keeps the timecode intact:
ffmpeg -y -i input.mov -map 0:v -map 0:a -c:v mpeg4 output.mp4


text:
Is there a camera that records video with a quality and style similar to the Black Magic Pocket 4k?
I was looking for a camera to record videos. My aim is to record videos to make films and music videos. I know there are many factors that are independent of the camera to make videos with a 'cinematographic' look, but I was looking for a camera that would be close to recording like this: Démira - Dragons, though my budget is up to around 1,100-1,200 dollars.
It is very important for me to find a camera that works good in low light conditions and with a good slow motion.
I was considering a Canon camera, but recently I was recommended to buy a Black Magic camera. Someone mentioned to me the Black Magic Pocket 4k camera and I looked some footage uploaded to YouTube. I absolutely loved the style of the video. It looked very cinematographic and I found several videos comparing it to professional 'Hollywood' cameras, and it could record with a similar quality.
The problem is that this camera is a little bit beyond my budget (it costs around 1400 dollars), and there is no physical shop where I can actually see the product. The only way I have to buy it is by Internet, so I fear that the camera may arrive damaged or maybe I will be scammed.
I would prefer to buy a camera from a more known brand like Canon, Sony or maybe Panasonic.
So is it any other camera by Canon or Sony or any other manufacturer that records with a similar style and quality to the Black Magic Pocket 4k?

If your concern is that Blackmagic isn't an established brand, they have an established record of great products that shouldn't be too hard to research. They create top of the line products and they're the company behind DaVinci Resolve - the best color utility out there. I'd strongly recommend finding a camera rental shop near you if possible and renting it - or trying it out in-store if possible.

This post is  a little off topic, product recommendations are outside the scope of this site. That said, Blackmagic are a very well known maker of professional video cameras and post production equipment. The Pocket Cameras are their entry-level cameras. They don't really do consumer products like Canon, Sony etc. so that's probably why you've never heard of them.

source: Stack Exchange

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

sort: votes


text:
Capturing and tiling video thumbnails in a single step
I have a server software that generates video thumbnails using ffmpeg in two steps like this:
Step 1
-ss 00:00:19.7500417 -i "S:\vids\main.mp4"
-ss 00:00:39.5000834 -i "S:\vids\main.mp4"
-ss 00:00:59.2501251 -i "S:\vids\main.mp4"
-y -threads 1 -frames:v 1 -vf "scale=-1:480" -map 0:v:0 "temp\temp0.jpg"
-y -threads 1 -frames:v 1 -vf "scale=-1:480" -map 1:v:0 "temp\temp1.jpg"
-y -threads 1 -frames:v 1 -vf "scale=-1:480" -map 2:v:0 "temp\temp2.jpg"

Step 2
-i "temp\temp%d.jpg" -y -filter_complex tile=1x3 "thumbnails\main.jpg"

This works fine when only a few thumbnails are needed, but when 50-100 thumbnails must be written to disk and then tiled separately, overall performance is very slow.
Is there some way I can combine these two commands into a single step?
UPDATE: @gyan's code results in:
PS C:\Users\Sam\Desktop> .\ffmpeg.exe  -ss 00:00:19.7500417 -i "S:\vids\main.mp4" -ss 00:00:39.5000834 -i "S:\vids\main.mp4" -ss 00:00:59.2501251 -i "S:\vids\main.mp4" -filter_complex "[0]trim=end_frame=1,scale=-1:480,setpts=N[a]; [1]trim=end_frame=1,scale=-1:480,setpts=N[b]; [2]trim=end_frame=1,scale=-1:480,setpts=N[c]; [a][b][c]vstack" "thumbnails\main.jpg"
ffmpeg version 4.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9.1.1 (GCC) 20190807
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-amf --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'S:\vids\main.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf57.83.100
  Duration: 00:01:19.95, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 529 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 406x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 203:360], 424 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 30k tbn, 59.94 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 96 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
Input #1, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'S:\vids\main.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf57.83.100
  Duration: 00:01:19.95, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 529 kb/s
    Stream #1:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 406x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 203:360], 424 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 30k tbn, 59.94 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #1:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 96 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
Input #2, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'S:\vids\main.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf57.83.100
  Duration: 00:01:19.95, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 529 kb/s
    Stream #2:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 406x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 203:360], 424 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 30k tbn, 59.94 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
    Stream #2:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 96 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
[AVFilterGraph @ 000001dcaf4fef40] Too many inputs specified for the "vstack" filter.
Error initializing complex filters.
Invalid argument

Use
ffmpeg
 -ss 00:00:19.7500417 -i "S:\vids\main.mp4"
 -ss 00:00:39.5000834 -i "S:\vids\main.mp4"
 -ss 00:00:59.2501251 -i "S:\vids\main.mp4"
 -filter_complex
 "[0]trim=end_frame=1,scale=-1:480,setpts=N[a];
  [1]trim=end_frame=1,scale=-1:480,setpts=N[b];
  [2]trim=end_frame=1,scale=-1:480,setpts=N[c];
  [a][b][c]vstack=3"
"thumbnails\main.jpg"

Thanks for the answer, but this results in an error "Too many inputs specified for the "vstack" filter". I've included the full output in my question.

Command edited.

Your solution works great, but takes as much RAM as the video size, which is excessive when the video size itself is 15G or more. Since I only need specific frames, is there any way I can avoid loading the entire video into memory? Perhaps by only using keyframes (or other easy to read approximations)?

It won't load the entire video into memory. Add -benchmark to your cmd and share full log.

Sorry for the late response - loading the entire video seems to be an issue related to working with remote files. That issue is resolved.

There is however a common issue with your solution that ffmpeg segfaults in some cases like Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg, yuvj420p(pc), 480x13550 [SAR 271:272 DAR 3:85], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbn, 15 tbc (default). I'll create an issue in the bug tracker.

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Remove frozen parts from a corrupted video
When dealing with corrupted videos, ffmpeg is a great to tool to automatically fix errors.
Is there a way, with ffmpeg or another similar tool, to automatically remove/drop/trim/cut away frozen parts from a file, both video and audio streams?
Using a combination of mpdecimate and map it's possible to obtain the video stream only with:
ffmpeg -i input.ext -vf mpdecimate -map 0:v output.mp4

How to do the same thing with all streams of the file, audio and video?
Given a video with two streams like:
     0       1         2       3         4
video|AAAAAAA|FFFFFFFFF|BBBBBBB|FFFFFFFFF|
audio|XXXXXXX|YYYYYYYYY|ZZZZZZZ|KKKKKKKKK|

where A and B are the good parts to mantain and F are the frozen parts to be trimmed away, I want obtain a "cleaned" video (with the frozen parts and its associated audio removed) which in the end would look like:
0       1       2
video|AAAAAAA|BBBBBBB|
audio|XXXXXXX|ZZZZZZZ|

If your video has fixed frame rate, you probably mean by “frozen part” the part with the same frame repeated many times.
To remove duplicate frames you may apply the mpdecimate filter.

Thanks to your input I have found this question on Stackoverflow which explains how to use it. Unfortunately using the command ffmpeg -i in.mkv -vf mpdecimate out.mkv reduces the file size considerably but does not cut away the duplicated frames: the video length remains the same.

What you need in addition to remove the frozen parts is setpts. Keep in mind that mpdecimate works only on the video stream, so you have to remove the audio because is not going to be synced.
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf mpdecimate,setpts=N/FRAME_RATE/TB -an video-fixed.mp4


text:
How is looking process of making HDR movie?
I'm going to work with conversion from SDR to HDR content. So I am looking for material where I can compare 2 version of the same movie, e.g. "A star is born" in HDR and in SDR.
I know that HDR by means is "higher dynamic range", "wider color space", "higher bit depth" and 4k (from https://video.stackexchange.com/a/21678/26522). But I'm little confused, how these movies are assembled.
Questions:

Do the operator has a couple of cameras with different exposure settings? E.g. first camera with 1/120s, second 1/60s and third 1/30s?
Or maybe movie is recorded in RAW format, and I can get material 1/120, 1/60 and 1/30 from RAW format?
Who is mearging these material? I'm pretty sure, that software will do that, but this software can be controlled - do you know which software do they use? Adobe Premiere?
Do I need camera with recording material in 2020 colorspace to get HDR movie?

--edit--

Is this camera solves all of my questions: Alexa SXT (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arri_Alexa#Alexa_SXT) ?

After some searching I have get this link: https://photography.tutsplus.com/tutorials/what-is-hdr-video-3-ways-to-create-high-dynamic-range-video--cms-25884
According to this link and RED company's cameras:

No there are now multiple cameras which are recording the same scene
These special cameras records one shoot as 2 separate frames. First overexposed, second underexposed


text:
Scenes for HDR vs SDR comparison
I'm currently looking for scenes when I can compare effects of HDR. I have couple of films on BR in 2 versions - one in HDR, second in SDR. My heuristic is to look 2 kinds of scene:

very bright scene in background, and in very first plan I can see and object - e.g. looking through window during sunny day, with a large object in very first plan
very dark scene with a couple of small bright points - e.g. street at night with street lights

I think that all, but maybe you have better idea?
In other words, how find good scenes where HDR results are easy to detect?

Sunsets and Sunrises
Battle scenes with fire
indoor dark scenes with source of light (window during day, lamp during evening)
concerts
disco (problems with moving objects...)


text:
KDenlive, image sequence, and transparency/alpha/opacity of fades
This is probably the same question as https://www.reddit.com/r/kdenlive/comments/ik44o2/image_sequences_cutting_and_transparency/ ( and probably related to https://kdenlive.org/en/project/compositing-with-transparency/ )
Let's say I have an image sequence, with transparent background, and an element (here a rectangle) with a fill color with fading alpha/transparency; for instance, one generated with imagemagick:
for ix in `seq 1 9`; do \
  convert -size 640x480 xc:none \
   -strokewidth 0 -fill "rgba( 255, 215, 30, 0.$ix )" \
     -draw "rectangle 30,30 500,250" \
   -strokewidth 2 -stroke blue -fill none \
   -draw "rectangle 0,0 639,479" output$ix.png; \
done

It is very difficult obtaining a proper .gif animation directly from the above images; so I opened each one in an image viewer, took screenshot of the image viewer, and finally composed the screenshot images with convert -delay 0 -loop 0 Screenshot*.png animation_im.gif, just to show what this image sequence looks like:

The animation above shows that there is a "gradual" or "continuous" "fade" of the color via the alpha channel.
Now, the problem is - typically, if I import this image sequence in kdenlive (kdenlive-23.04.0-x86_64.AppImage), and I render a video - the gradual fade is gone/disappears, and the only thing I get is a sudden/instantaneous appearance of the rectangle; similar to output of convert -delay 0 -loop 0 output*.png animation_im.gif (ran on the original image sequence):

So, my question is: how do I preserve an alpha/transparency gradual/continuous fade in an image sequence, also in the rendered video output of kdenlive?

Well, discovered this almost by accident - but it turns out, to preserve the alpha gradual  fades, you MUST add Composite and transform: Composition track: automatic; Compositing: Alpha blend, for the duration of the image sequence:

... - even if the image sequence is the only track (so compositing then works against the background)!


text:
How can I restream a live camera feed with FFMPEG while using the least resources possible?
I'm not an expert at ffmpeg, or video tech by any means. I have very little experience with it.
I have an IP camera that produces an h264 stream. I'm trying to use ffmpeg, and nginx (with the rtmp module) to restream the live camera feed to multiple clients. I am NOT trying to re-encode anything. The less CPU-intensive that my ffmpeg command is, the better.
If I use an older version of ffmpeg (version 4.1.4), it supports 2 ways of copying the video and audio feeds from the source stream without re-encoding them: -c:av copy and -vcodec copy -acodec copy. From what I understand, these are supposed to act exactly the same, but that doesn't appear to be the case.
-c:av copy
output:
# ffmpeg -err_detect ignore_err -rtsp_transport tcp -re -i rtsp://USERNAME:PASSWORD@IP/Streaming/Channels/701/httpPreview -c:av copy -f flv rtmp://127.0.0.1/stream/stream1
ffmpeg version 4.1.4-static https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/  Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 6.3.0 (Debian 6.3.0-18+deb9u1) 20170516
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-debug --disable-ffplay --disable-indev=sndio --disable-outdev=sndio --cc=gcc-6 --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-gmp --enable-libgme --enable-gray --enable-libaom --enable-libfribidi --enable-libass --enable-libvmaf --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libvorbis --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzvbi --enable-libzimg
  libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
  libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
  libavformat    58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100
  libavdevice    58.  5.100 / 58.  5.100
  libavfilter     7. 40.101 /  7. 40.101
  libswscale      5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libswresample   3.  3.100 /  3.  3.100
  libpostproc    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100
Input #0, rtsp, from 'rtsp://USERNAME:PASSWORD@IP/Streaming/Channels/701/httpPreview':
  Metadata:
    title           : Media Server V3.4.92
    comment         : Media Server Session Description : standard
  Duration: N/A, start: 0.500000, bitrate: N/A
    Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (Main), yuvj420p(pc, bt709, progressive), 2688x1520 [SAR 1:1 DAR 168:95], 20 fps, 20 tbr, 90k tbn, 40 tbc
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> flv1 (flv))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[swscaler @ 0x5f72cc0] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
Output #0, flv, to 'rtmp://127.0.0.1/stream/stream1':
  Metadata:
    title           : Media Server V3.4.92
    comment         : Media Server Session Description : standard
    encoder         : Lavf58.20.100
    Stream #0:0: Video: flv1 (flv) ([2][0][0][0] / 0x0002), yuv420p, 2688x1520 [SAR 1:1 DAR 168:95], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 20 fps, 1k tbn, 20 tbc
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 flv
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/200000 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
[flv @ 0x5f55780] Failed to update header with correct duration.ate=2762.3kbits/s dup=0 drop=5 speed=0.956x
[flv @ 0x5f55780] Failed to update header with correct filesize.
frame=   85 fps= 19 q=24.8 Lsize=    1495kB time=00:00:04.20 bitrate=2916.0kbits/s dup=0 drop=5 speed=0.943x
video:1494kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.108328%

resulting video:

-vcodec copy -acodec copy
output:
# ffmpeg -err_detect ignore_err -rtsp_transport tcp -re -i rtsp://USERNAME:PASSWORD@IP/Streaming/Channels/701/httpPreview -acodec copy -vcodec copy -f flv rtmp://127.0.0.1/stream/stream1
ffmpeg version 4.1.4-static https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/  Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 6.3.0 (Debian 6.3.0-18+deb9u1) 20170516
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-debug --disable-ffplay --disable-indev=sndio --disable-outdev=sndio --cc=gcc-6 --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-gmp --enable-libgme --enable-gray --enable-libaom --enable-libfribidi --enable-libass --enable-libvmaf --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libvorbis --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzvbi --enable-libzimg
  libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
  libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
  libavformat    58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100
  libavdevice    58.  5.100 / 58.  5.100
  libavfilter     7. 40.101 /  7. 40.101
  libswscale      5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libswresample   3.  3.100 /  3.  3.100
  libpostproc    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100
Input #0, rtsp, from 'rtsp://USERNAME:PASSWORD@IP/Streaming/Channels/701/httpPreview':
  Metadata:
    title           : Media Server V3.4.92
    comment         : Media Server Session Description : standard
  Duration: N/A, start: 0.350000, bitrate: N/A
    Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (Main), yuvj420p(pc, bt709, progressive), 2688x1520 [SAR 1:1 DAR 168:95], 20 fps, 20 tbr, 90k tbn, 40 tbc
Output #0, flv, to 'rtmp://127.0.0.1/stream/stream1':
  Metadata:
    title           : Media Server V3.4.92
    comment         : Media Server Session Description : standard
    encoder         : Lavf58.20.100
    Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (Main) ([7][0][0][0] / 0x0007), yuvj420p(pc, bt709, progressive), 2688x1520 [SAR 1:1 DAR 168:95], q=2-31, 20 fps, 20 tbr, 1k tbn, 90k tbc
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[flv @ 0x6670a40] Failed to update header with correct duration.ate=3111.6kbits/s speed=1.03x
[flv @ 0x6670a40] Failed to update header with correct filesize.
frame=   38 fps= 25 q=-1.0 Lsize=     589kB time=00:00:01.55 bitrate=3111.7kbits/s speed=1.01x
video:588kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.192649%

resulting video:

As you can clearly see, the output of -vcodec copy -acodec copy is clearly far less pixelated. While that sounds like a good thing, it seems like FFMPEG does more work to process the image, which may explain why when nginx re-streams the feed, and I try to connect to it with VLC, the -c:av copy feed (worse quality) works almost every time, whereas the -vcodec copy -acodec copy feed sometimes has VLC throw an error that it can't connect, and other times connects, but just shows a video that's all black.
The problem with sticking with -c:av copy is that when I use a more-recent version of ffmpeg (like the 4.2.1 static build from here: https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/), they don't even have the -c:av copy arg anymore, so my only option is to use -vcodec copy -acodec copy, and I experience the same problems with VLC. This means right now, I can only use the old FFMPEG version.
Am I doing something wrong? I want ffmpeg to do as little processing as possible - I just want it to copy the video stream to an flv container as-is, and publish it to nginx. I don't care if this results in a bit of pixelation - the quality isn't a massive deal for me.

-c:av copy is not valid syntax and re-encodes the video. Only the first specifier a is honoured.
You can see this in the stream mapping
For -c:av copy:
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> flv1 (flv))

For -vcodec copy -acodec copy:
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy)

Before version 4.2, syntax matching for this wasn't strict so ffmpeg did not abort the command, or warn.

As to your main issue, the camera is producing a 2688x1520 resolution H.264 stream with an unknown (to me) keyframe interval. The former part means the decoder has to support at least AVC Level 5 - your target player may not. If the keyframe interval is large enough then the player will fail to decode the stream till it receives a KF.
To keep CPU low, your best bet is to tweak the camera output - a) a low keyframe interval (< 4 seconds), b) smaller frame size (smaller the better, but at most 1920x1080).
If those can't be done, you'll have to re-encode. Your -c:av copy command is using the old flv encoder, which is an older generation codec. I suggest using x264.
-vf scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease -c:v libx264 -profile:v main -preset superfast
I inserted a scaler to keep the output frame size to under 1920x1080.


text:
FFmpeg hardcoded subtitles revert to default font if subtitle is html
Here's how I'm using ffmpeg to hardcode the subtitles:
ffmpeg -i tmp/input.mp4 -vf "subtitles=tmp/input.mp4:force_style='OutlineColour=&H80000000,BorderStyle=3,Outline=1,Shadow=0,MarginV=20,Fontname=Liberation Mono'" -avoid_negative_ts make_zero tmp/output.mp4

which works fine if the subtitle is plain text but if it has html tags in it, then it reverts back to using system's default font. <i> hello </i> for example causes problem.
I've tried cleaning up html tags and then using -vf "subtitles=cleanedsubs.srt:..." but it doesn't work even on plain texts.
How can I force same font even on italic / bold / any other forms?
Extra info
Running:
ffmpeg -i tmp/input.mp4 -filter_complex "subtitles=tmp/input.mp4:force_style='fontname=Liberation Mono'" -f null -

Shows:
[Parsed_subtitles_0 @ 0x55ad579abd00] Using font provider fontconfig
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:1 (h264) -> subtitles (graph 0)
  subtitles (graph 0) -> Stream #0:0 (wrapped_avframe)
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:1 (aac (native) -> pcm_s16le (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[Parsed_subtitles_0 @ 0x55ad579aa3c0] Shaper: FriBidi 0.19.7 (SIMPLE) HarfBuzz-ng 1.7.2 (COMPLEX)
[Parsed_subtitles_0 @ 0x55ad579aa3c0] Using font provider fontconfig
[Parsed_subtitles_0 @ 0x55ad579aa3c0] fontselect: (Liberation Mono, 400, 0) -> /usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationMono-Regular.ttf, 0, LiberationMono
[Parsed_subtitles_0 @ 0x55ad579aa3c0] fontselect: (Liberation Mono, 400, 100) -> /usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation/LiberationMono-Italic.ttf, 0, LiberationMono-Italic
[Parsed_subtitles_0 @ 0x55ad579aa3c0] fontselect: (Serif, 400, 100) -> /usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu/DejaVuSerif-Italic.ttf, 0, DejaVuSerif-Italic
                                                    ↑
                                                 problem

@llogan pasted it here for you. https://shrib.com/#4Ob98Ubhyox1j-Re0aOw

this in unclean version btw, did you want cleaned one?

Yes, I have /usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation2/LiberationMono-Italic.ttf: Liberation Mono:style=Italic if I do fc-list

@llogan https://shrib.com/#nFdK5.1WnlQDQ82sS0Z-

Yes, yours look correct. What should I do?

I removed ffmpeg and am now installing using snap, though my connection is a bit slow. Can I have the full command you used to produced the video you sent so I can try?

I re-installed using snap but it's still not working in my own use case. However I can reproduce the same output as yours using your command.

I thought tmp/input.mp4 was a typo for a SRT file. Didn't realize you were feeding mov_text to subtitles filter. Give it the subs from media/file.mkv instead: ffmpeg -ss $1 -t $2 -i media/file.mkv -map 0:a:0 -map 0:v -map 0:s:6 -c:s mov_text -c:v libx264 -c:a aac -vf "subtitles=tmp/file.mkv:stream_index=6:force_style='OutlineColour=&H80000000,BorderStyle=3,Outline=1,Shadow=0,MarginV=20,Fontname=Liberation Mono'" tmp/input.mp4

@llogan I used your command and supplied the original mkv file media/file.mkv as subtitles but no subtitle is hardcoded. nothing shows up.

I edited my post and added the log of fontselect which shows it eventually chooses DejaVu Serif

Possible bug when feeding mov_text to subtitles filter. I can reproduce the issue in git master branch. I did not investigate further.
Workaround is to provide the subtitles filter the SRT subtitle stream present in your original MKV input (file.mkv):
ffmpeg -i file.mkv -map 0:a:0 -map 0:v -c:v libx264 -c:a aac -vf "subtitles=file.mkv:stream_index=6:force_style='OutlineColour=&H80000000,BorderStyle=3,Outline=1,Shadow=0,MarginV=20,Fontname=Liberation Mono'" output.mp4

Make sure stream_index is referencing the desired subtitle stream. See subtitles filter documentation.


text:
Video created with FFmpeg has a strange contrast level while playing in some video players
I'm using these parameters to encode multiple PNGs into a MP4 file using FFmpeg:
-vsync 2 -safe 0 -f concat -i ".\concat.txt" -c:v libx264
-pix_fmt yuv420p -vf "pad=width=2044:height=1152:x=0:y=0:color=black" -y ".\Test.mp4"

But it's creating a video in which some players are not capable of displaying the correct contrast level. What's happening? I'm probably doing something wrong.
Windows Media Player and MP-HC are not displaying with the correct contrast level, but the Movies and TV is able to.

Here is the MediaInfo of the video:
General
Complete name                  : .\Color.mp4
Format                         : MPEG-4
Format profile                 : Base Media
Codec ID                       : isom (isom/iso2/avc1/mp41)
File size                      : 550 KiB
Duration                       : 6 s 560 ms
Overall bit rate               : 687 kb/s
Writing application            : Lavf58.29.100

Video
ID                             : 1
Format                         : AVC
Format/Info                    : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile                 : High@L5
Format settings, CABAC         : Yes
Format settings, RefFrames     : 4 frames
Codec ID                       : avc1
Codec ID/Info                  : Advanced Video Coding
Duration                       : 6 s 560 ms
Bit rate                       : 684 kb/s
Width                          : 2 044 pixels
Height                         : 1 152 pixels
Display aspect ratio           : 16:9
Frame rate mode                : Variable
Frame rate                     : 15.244 FPS
Minimum frame rate             : 12.500 FPS
Maximum frame rate             : 25.000 FPS
Color space                    : YUV
Chroma subsampling             : 4:2:0
Bit depth                      : 8 bits
Scan type                      : Progressive
Bits/(Pixel*Frame)             : 0.019
Stream size                    : 548 KiB (100%)
Writing library                : x264 core 158 r2984 3759fcb
Encoding settings              : cabac=1 / ref=3 / deblock=1:0:0 / analyse=0x3:0x113 / me=hex / subme=7 / psy=1 / psy_rd=1.00:0.00 / mixed_ref=1 / me_range=16 / chroma_me=1 / trellis=1 / 8x8dct=1 / cqm=0 / deadzone=21,11 / fast_pskip=1 / chroma_qp_offset=-2 / threads=18 / lookahead_threads=3 / sliced_threads=0 / nr=0 / decimate=1 / interlaced=0 / bluray_compat=0 / constrained_intra=0 / bframes=3 / b_pyramid=2 / b_adapt=1 / b_bias=0 / direct=1 / weightb=1 / open_gop=0 / weightp=2 / keyint=250 / keyint_min=25 / scenecut=40 / intra_refresh=0 / rc_lookahead=40 / rc=crf / mbtree=1 / crf=23.0 / qcomp=0.60 / qpmin=0 / qpmax=69 / qpstep=4 / ip_ratio=1.40 / aq=1:1.00

And here is the MediaInfo of the PNG:
General
Format                         : PNG
Format/Info                    : Portable Network Graphic
File size                      : 1.35 MiB

Image
Format                         : PNG
Format/Info                    : Portable Network Graphic
Format_Compression             : LZ77
Width                          : 2 043 pixels
Height                         : 1 152 pixels
Bit depth                      : 24 bits
Compression mode               : Lossless
Stream size                    : 1.35 MiB (100%)

I'm using this version of FFmpeg (nightly build, but I also tested with 4.2.1):
ffmpeg version git-2019-10-25-b78227e Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9.2.1 (GCC) 20191010
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2
       --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass
       --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame
       --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg
       --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr
       --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack
       --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg
       --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis
       --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid
       --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va
       --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt
       --enable-amf
      libavutil      56. 35.100 / 56. 35.100
      libavcodec     58. 59.100 / 58. 59.100
      libavformat    58. 33.100 / 58. 33.100
      libavdevice    58.  9.100 / 58.  9.100
      libavfilter     7. 59.100 /  7. 59.100
      libswscale      5.  6.100 /  5.  6.100
      libswresample   3.  6.100 /  3.  6.100
      libpostproc    55.  6.100 / 55.  6.100

EDIT
So, after disabling the Contrast Enhancement in Intel UHD Graphics Control Panel, the video plays normally in Media Player - Home Cinema and in Windows Media Player:

Now, why was the Movies and TV app not affected by this option? Was it because it was running with the discrete GPU instead? Or maybe it was not using the standard video codec?

Are you, by any chance, using an Intel Graphics card? If so, try opening  Intel Graphics Properties and try setting Input Range and Standard Color Correction to Application settings

HAHA! I did disable the Contrast Enhancer in the Intel UHD Graphics Control Panel and now the video played by MP-HC is displaying correctly.
Thanks. Now, why was the other player not affected by this option?


text:
Remove deadair periods in video
I am doing a video recording for a powerpoint presentation, and sometimes I have some seconds of (idleness) during the recording (where there is no change in the presentation nor speaking audio). For user experience reasons, I prefer to remove all such parts that are longer than 1 second (to keep the video engaging).
I am currently doing this in a manual way, but it is an extremely time-consuming process.
I was thinking if there is a way to automatically (using a tool or a filter or so) remove such parts in the video.

You can use awkward pause script as sample and this tutorial:

Or I can do for you this project for some money :)

There is a solution I have created: Timebolt.
Narrate your video over PowerPoint. Then add file to TimeBolt desktop app to instantly cut dead-air, rapidly remove any scene or word, speed up silences, and then render or export XML into Premiere, FCPX, and Resolve.
Takes 10 minutes to cut dead-air and fine-tune a 60 minute recording, not five hours.
Remove silence with TimeBolt.io


text:
FFMPEG - convert video to Black & White with threshold?
I'd like to convert videos to black and white but also specify the threshold of what to convert to black/white.
I'm currently using cv2 to do this successfully using the 2 lines below (first converts to grayscale then B&W). But it would help my workflow to do everything with FFMPEG if possible.
    grayFrame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    (thresh, BW) = cv2.threshold(grayFrame, 10, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)

Use the threshold filter:

ffmpeg -i main_1280x720.mp4 -f lavfi -i color=gray:s=1280x720 -f lavfi -i color=black:s=1280x720 -f lavfi -i color=white:s=1280x720 -filter_complex threshold output.mkv

This filter requires four video streams to perform thresholding:

main input
threshold
min
max

You can optionally add the format filter for a grayscale pixel format: threshold,format=gray (assuming your output format supports that otherwise additional pixel format conversion will automatically take place).

The main answer didn't work for me, this did:
ffmpeg -i input.mkv -f lavfi -i color=gray:s=1280x720 -f lavfi -i color=black:s=1280x720 -f lavfi -i color=white:s=1280x720 -filter_complex "[0:v]scale=1280x720,threshold" output.mkv

maskfun filter has a slightly easier syntax and I assume gets the same result.
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf format=gray,maskfun=low=128:high=128:fill=0:sum=128 video-bw.mp4

https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-filters.html#maskfun


text:
How can I recreate this distortion effect from Midsommar?
I want to create a distortion effect around someone's head, kind of like what a swirly bokeh would do.  There are two different shots that I could find that use this effect in the film 'Midsommar', one in which there is a swirly distorted effect around a head, and another where general swirls around the screen appear.  While it looks like a keyframed liquify effect from PhotoShop, I'm not sure if it can be recreated in after effects.  How can I do this?

https://giphy.com/gifs/a24-midsommar-QW3GavVLEeTa3Rpkx1

Without having seen the movie, it may be difficult to get it down exactly, but here is what I came up with.

Duplicate your layer twice, so that you have three copies.
On the top layer mask out the person.

Set the mask feather to around 30px.
Copy and paste the mask to the other two layers.
On the middle layer, set the mask feather to 60 and the mask expansion to 60. (can be adjusted to suit).
On the bottom layer, set the mask to subtract mode and add a 'Turbulent Displace' effect to the layer.
Adjust the size to suit (I chose 30) and you can keyframe the 'Amount' to have it animate on or off. I also added the expression 'time * 500' to the 'Evolution' property to add some movement.

Here is what mine ended up looking like:

Hope this is close to what you're after.

yes!  the keyframing is a bit fast/bouncey but I'm sure I can slow that down.  otherwise this is exactly what I needed

This is a desired look that stills photographers have been creating with Helios 44 lenses. It's quite possibly a native analogue effect see swirly bokeh.  To simulate the effect using the above using @clif's three layer solution. On the bottom layer with spherical distortion, radial focus blur, and some circular smearing increasing at the boundary of the image.
Ref:  https://live.staticflickr.com/967/27986297808_2f0f5ebaf2_b.jpg


text:
How to prevent blur(?) footage at the recording stage?
My question comes in two parts. First, may I know if my assessment of the quality of the footage in this Youtube movie is correct in the first place.
Compare the frames around 2:07 of this movie:

(2:07)
with
the frames around 1:59:

(1:59)
The quality of the picture in the former seems better than the latter. I am not exactly sure what is the difference, I can't pinpoint. But this was my first reaction when I was watching the clip.
After close examination for a while, I can only guess that the former seems to be a bit more blurry, have softer edges, and seems to be a bit darker as well.
Is my analysis correct, and am I missing anything else?
Secondly, how could the quality of the latter been improved at the recording stage? Is it something that could have been set in the camera, or should a better camera been used, and if yes, what exact specifications in the new camera should be sought?
My guess is the former uses a production video cam, but the latter uses perhaps an action cam like the GoPro. But must we always have such suboptimal footage from action cams, or could a better setting be used?
(NOTE: I did not participate in the production at all in the clip, so I do not know whatsoever what cams were used etc.)

If I understand correctly, your question is "why is the footage of this camera blurry".
The answer to that would be: It is out of focus. Cameras have a focal point and everything straying away from that (spatially) will get blurry. You can see that the back-windows is in focus, meaning that the lens has its focal point further back.

oh! that's an insight for me, thank you. Is that the only reason? Has it not got to do with the quality of the camera or sensor etc.?

There are many things that play into the quality of your captured image. However, pulling focus is one of the basics which are required to achieve a good image in the first place. Even when you're shooting with an iMax Camera, if your focus is off, the image will look bad. I would say for quality of image, these are the factors in order of importance: Lighting, Framing, Focus, Camera-Sensor, Lens.


text:
How to fade in/apply transition as a node in Fusion to image in Davinci Resolve?
Title says it all. I have a media-type node in Fusion which is an image, which I'd like to fade in + out/transition with dissolve as a node inside of a video.
However, the "Dissolve (DX)" node doesn't behave in a way that I understand. When I add it in, add keyframes and a spline to control the background/foreground dissolve, nothing comes out of the output (my output screen has a null/empty output, as if I haven't connected up to MediaOut).

There are many ways fade in/out the opacity of a clip in Fusion, and which method you choose depends on your needs.
If, your composition only contains one MediaIn node, and you want the actual compositing to occur outside the Fusion page (to keep your edit flexible, for instance), then a simple method is to use a brightness/contrast node, and animate the Gain slider between zero and one.  Make sure the R, G, B, and A channels are all included in the operation by enabling the corresponding boxes at the top of the inspector.  The Alpha (A) channel is particularly important, as it is the property which controls the extent to which the colors of pixels mix when they are superimposed.  As an exercise, try disabling the R, G, and B channels, and animating A to see the difference between Alpha and Color contribution.  You'll see that Alpha isn't the same as the “opacity” slider in other areas of the Resolve interface.
In another case, suppose you have two media sources inside your Fusion composition, and you want to layer them together and animate a transition from one to the other.  A convenient way to accomplish this is included in the Merge node that you'd need to use to combine the images anyway.  However, if you try moving the alpha gain slider down, the results might not be what you expect.  You'll notice that the results of this action look exactly like the example above, where you only affected the alpha gain channel in the B/C node.  To get the Merge node to affect the R, G, and B channels as well as Alpha, you need to slide the Additive/Subtractive slider over to Subtractive.
Hope this helps.


text:
FFmpeg stops encoding h265 to flv / hlc
Encoding always stops at about 65 frames, the longest it goes is up to 112 frames. Then it just stops without any output. No errors, nothing. The last lines that it spits out are these:
 encoded 64 frames in 14.93s (4.29 fps), 869.28 kb/s, Avg QP:50.01
 [aac @ 0x55a9929450c0] Qavg: 838.802

Any pointers / advices would be highly appreciated as I am totally lost. The command run is as follows:
 ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://password:login@1.1.1.1.1:554/11 -map 0
 -c:v libx265 -vb 300k -c:a aac -ab 38k -ar 44100 -preset veryfast -f segment
 -segment_list /usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8 -segment_list_type hls
 -segment_list_size 10 -segment_list_flags +live -segment_time 10 -
 segment_wrap 30 /usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream%01d.ts

My camera's input is h265 video and g.726 audio. Is that the problem, perhaps? How do I change the code above to make this audio work?
The final lines of the log look like this:
ffmpeg version 4.1.4-1~deb10u1 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version='1~deb10u1' --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
  libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
  libavformat    58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100
  libavdevice    58.  5.100 / 58.  5.100
  libavfilter     7. 40.101 /  7. 40.101
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libswresample   3.  3.100 /  3.  3.100
  libpostproc    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.1 : mono
Input #0, rtsp, from 'rtsp://login:password@1.1.1.1:554/11':
  Metadata:
    title           : 10
  Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A
    Stream #0:0: Video: hevc (Main), yuvj420p(pc, bt709), 1920x1080, 14.99 tbr, 90k tbn, 90k tbc
    Stream #0:1: Audio: pcm_alaw, 8000 Hz, mono, s16, 64 kb/s
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (hevc (native) -> hevc (libx265))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (pcm_alaw (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[swscaler @ 0x56362603ca40] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
x265 [info]: HEVC encoder version 2.9
x265 [info]: build info [Linux][GCC 8.2.0][64 bit] 8bit+10bit+12bit
x265 [info]: using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2 SSE3 Cache64
x265 [info]: Main profile, Level-4 (Main tier)
x265 [info]: Thread pool created using 2 threads
x265 [info]: Slices                              : 1
x265 [info]: frame threads / pool features       : 1 / wpp(17 rows)
x265 [info]: Coding QT: max CU size, min CU size : 64 / 8
x265 [info]: Residual QT: max TU size, max depth : 32 / 1 inter / 1 intra
x265 [info]: ME / range / subpel / merge         : hex / 57 / 1 / 2
x265 [info]: Keyframe min / max / scenecut / bias: 14 / 250 / 40 / 5.00
x265 [info]: Lookahead / bframes / badapt        : 15 / 4 / 0
x265 [info]: b-pyramid / weightp / weightb       : 1 / 1 / 0
x265 [info]: References / ref-limit  cu / depth  : 2 / on / on
x265 [info]: AQ: mode / str / qg-size / cu-tree  : 1 / 1.0 / 32 / 1
x265 [info]: Rate Control / qCompress            : ABR-300 kbps / 0.60
x265 [info]: tools: rd=2 psy-rd=2.00 early-skip rskip signhide tmvp fast-intra
x265 [info]: tools: strong-intra-smoothing lslices=6 deblock sao
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream0.ts' for writing
Output #0, segment, to '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream%01d.ts':
  Metadata:
    title           : 10
    encoder         : Lavf58.20.100
    Stream #0:0: Video: hevc (libx265), yuv420p, 1920x1080, q=2-31, 300 kb/s, 14.99 fps, 90k tbn, 14.99 tbc
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 libx265
    Stream #0:1: Audio: aac (LC), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 38 kb/s
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 aac
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream1.ts' for writing
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 10 expected, 7 received.bitrate=N/A dup=151 drop=0 speed=0.255x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream2.ts' for writing
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 11 expected, 8 received.bitrate=N/A dup=188 drop=0 speed=0.251x
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 30itrate=N/A dup=221 drop=0 speed=0.253x
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 12 expected, 9 received.bitrate=N/A dup=264 drop=0 speed=0.244x
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 35itrate=N/A dup=269 drop=0 speed=0.243x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream3.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=370 drop=0 speed=0.248x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream4.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 29itrate=N/A dup=380 drop=0 speed=0.247x
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 20itrate=N/A dup=471 drop=0 speed=0.252x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream5.ts' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream6.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=551 drop=0 speed=0.254x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 22itrate=N/A dup=552 drop=0 speed=0.254x
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=653 drop=0 speed=0.259x
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 15 expected, 10 received.itrate=N/A dup=657 drop=0 speed=0.258x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Duplicate POC in a sequence: 37.rate=N/A dup=673 drop=0 speed=0.257x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Error parsing NAL unit #0.
Error while decoding stream #0:0: Invalid data found when processing inputrop=0 speed=0.257x
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 8bitrate=N/A dup=735 drop=0 speed=0.258x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream7.ts' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream8.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=881 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 33itrate=N/A dup=883 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream9.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=932 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 18 expected, 11 received.itrate=N/A dup=945 drop=0 speed=0.259x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 2bitrate=N/A dup=952 drop=0 speed=0.259x
More than 1000 frames duplicatedN/A time=00:01:46.50 bitrate=N/A dup=958 drop=0 speed=0.259x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream10.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=1039 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 5bitrate=N/A dup=1045 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 37itrate=N/A dup=1109 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=1110 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream11.ts' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writingx
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream12.ts' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
frame= 1967 fps=3.9 q=-0.0 Lsize=N/A time=00:02:11.06 bitrate=N/A dup=1206 drop=0 speed=0.261x
video:4430kB audio:368kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:2kB muxing overhead: unknown
x265 [info]: frame I:     16, Avg QP:25.68  kb/s: 6561.13
x265 [info]: frame P:    391, Avg QP:29.36  kb/s: 966.96
x265 [info]: frame B:   1560, Avg QP:37.01  kb/s: 38.34
x265 [info]: Weighted P-Frames: Y:1.5% UV:1.3%
x265 [info]: consecutive B-frames: 3.2% 0.2% 0.5% 2.2% 93.9%

encoded 1967 frames in 502.62s (3.91 fps), 275.99 kb/s, Avg QP:35.40
[aac @ 0x563625d01a40] Qavg: 129.821

How long does ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://password:login@1.1.1.1.1:554/11 -map 0 -c copy -f null - run? Share its log.

it runs for less than 1 second and the output is as follows:
Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A
Stream #0:0: Video: hevc (Main), yuvj420p(pc, bt709), 1920x1080, 29.97
tbr, 90k tbn, 90k tbc
Stream #0:1: Audio: pcm_alaw, 8000 Hz, mono, s16, 64 kb/s
At least one output file must be specified

My command does specify an output file. Rerun my command with -report added and share report.

I do not see any -report in your first command/comment. where do I put it? at the end of the entire line?

Yes at the end.

it's the same either with -report at the end or not. It says, "at least one output file must be specified".

Share the report file.

oh.. there was a typo in my try, sorry. The command is till running... it never stops. Where the report file is supposed to be located?

In the working directory. So, the input appears to be fine. Run your original command with -report added.

I checked all the directories, everything. I even searched for this file with the name given but it says no files found. It runs on a VPS with nginx.

it drops anyway either with -report added at the end or without it and I cannot find any log files for ffmpeg anywhere.

My camera's input is h265 video and g.726 audio. Is that the problem, perhaps? How do I change the code above to make this audio work?

the final lines from the log are added into my question section.


text:
FFmpeg decode / convert G.726 Audio
I have one line of code here but seemingly there is an audio issue. My camera streams h265 video and g726 audio. Would highly appreciate it if somebody could advise please, how do I fix / convert g726 audio so that it could be streamed flawlessly via hls? Many thanks in advance!
 ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://login:password@1.1.1.1:554/11 -map 0 -
c:v libx265 -vb 300k -c:a aac -ab 38k -ar 44100 -preset veryfast -f segment -
segment_list /usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8 -segment_list_type hls -
segment_list_size 10 -segment_list_flags +live -segment_time 10 -segment_wrap
30 /usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream%01d.ts

The log loos like this:
ffmpeg version 4.1.4-1~deb10u1 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
 built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version='1~deb10u1' --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
  libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
  libavformat    58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100
  libavdevice    58.  5.100 / 58.  5.100
  libavfilter     7. 40.101 /  7. 40.101
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libswresample   3.  3.100 /  3.  3.100
  libpostproc    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.1 : mono
Input #0, rtsp, from 'rtsp://login:password@1.1.1.1:554/11':
  Metadata:
    title           : 10
  Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A
    Stream #0:0: Video: hevc (Main), yuvj420p(pc, bt709), 1920x1080, 14.99 tbr, 90k tbn, 90k tbc
    Stream #0:1: Audio: pcm_alaw, 8000 Hz, mono, s16, 64 kb/s
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (hevc (native) -> hevc (libx265))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (pcm_alaw (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[swscaler @ 0x56362603ca40] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
x265 [info]: HEVC encoder version 2.9
x265 [info]: build info [Linux][GCC 8.2.0][64 bit] 8bit+10bit+12bit
x265 [info]: using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2 SSE3 Cache64
x265 [info]: Main profile, Level-4 (Main tier)
x265 [info]: Thread pool created using 2 threads
x265 [info]: Slices                              : 1
x265 [info]: frame threads / pool features       : 1 / wpp(17 rows)
x265 [info]: Coding QT: max CU size, min CU size : 64 / 8
x265 [info]: Residual QT: max TU size, max depth : 32 / 1 inter / 1 intra
x265 [info]: ME / range / subpel / merge         : hex / 57 / 1 / 2
x265 [info]: Keyframe min / max / scenecut / bias: 14 / 250 / 40 / 5.00
x265 [info]: Lookahead / bframes / badapt        : 15 / 4 / 0
x265 [info]: b-pyramid / weightp / weightb       : 1 / 1 / 0
x265 [info]: References / ref-limit  cu / depth  : 2 / on / on
x265 [info]: AQ: mode / str / qg-size / cu-tree  : 1 / 1.0 / 32 / 1
x265 [info]: Rate Control / qCompress            : ABR-300 kbps / 0.60
x265 [info]: tools: rd=2 psy-rd=2.00 early-skip rskip signhide tmvp fast-intra
x265 [info]: tools: strong-intra-smoothing lslices=6 deblock sao
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream0.ts' for writing
Output #0, segment, to '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream%01d.ts':
  Metadata:
    title           : 10
    encoder         : Lavf58.20.100
    Stream #0:0: Video: hevc (libx265), yuv420p, 1920x1080, q=2-31, 300 kb/s, 14.99 fps, 90k tbn, 14.99 tbc
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 libx265
    Stream #0:1: Audio: aac (LC), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 38 kb/s
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 aac
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream1.ts' for writing
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 10 expected, 7 received.bitrate=N/A dup=151 drop=0 speed=0.255x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream2.ts' for writing
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 11 expected, 8 received.bitrate=N/A dup=188 drop=0 speed=0.251x
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 30itrate=N/A dup=221 drop=0 speed=0.253x
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 12 expected, 9 received.bitrate=N/A dup=264 drop=0 speed=0.244x
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 35itrate=N/A dup=269 drop=0 speed=0.243x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream3.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=370 drop=0 speed=0.248x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream4.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 29itrate=N/A dup=380 drop=0 speed=0.247x
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 20itrate=N/A dup=471 drop=0 speed=0.252x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream5.ts' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream6.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=551 drop=0 speed=0.254x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 22itrate=N/A dup=552 drop=0 speed=0.254x
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=653 drop=0 speed=0.259x
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 15 expected, 10 received.itrate=N/A dup=657 drop=0 speed=0.258x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Duplicate POC in a sequence: 37.rate=N/A dup=673 drop=0 speed=0.257x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Error parsing NAL unit #0.
Error while decoding stream #0:0: Invalid data found when processing inputrop=0 speed=0.257x
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 8bitrate=N/A dup=735 drop=0 speed=0.258x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream7.ts' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream8.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=881 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 33itrate=N/A dup=883 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream9.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=932 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[rtsp @ 0x563625cecdc0] CSeq 18 expected, 11 received.itrate=N/A dup=945 drop=0 speed=0.259x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 2bitrate=N/A dup=952 drop=0 speed=0.259x
More than 1000 frames duplicatedN/A time=00:01:46.50 bitrate=N/A dup=958 drop=0 speed=0.259x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream10.ts' for writing
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=1039 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[hevc @ 0x563625d0a780] Could not find ref with POC 5bitrate=N/A dup=1045 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[hevc @ 0x563625d10680] Could not find ref with POC 37itrate=N/A dup=1109 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[hevc @ 0x563625d95900] Could not find ref with POC 0bitrate=N/A dup=1110 drop=0 speed=0.26x
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream11.ts' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writingx
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream12.ts' for writing
[segment @ 0x563625d00b80] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
frame= 1967 fps=3.9 q=-0.0 Lsize=N/A time=00:02:11.06 bitrate=N/A dup=1206 drop=0 speed=0.261x
video:4430kB audio:368kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:2kB muxing overhead: unknown
x265 [info]: frame I:     16, Avg QP:25.68  kb/s: 6561.13
x265 [info]: frame P:    391, Avg QP:29.36  kb/s: 966.96
x265 [info]: frame B:   1560, Avg QP:37.01  kb/s: 38.34
x265 [info]: Weighted P-Frames: Y:1.5% UV:1.3%
x265 [info]: consecutive B-frames: 3.2% 0.2% 0.5% 2.2% 93.9%

encoded 1967 frames in 502.62s (3.91 fps), 275.99 kb/s, Avg QP:35.40
[aac @ 0x563625d01a40] Qavg: 129.821

Not sure what the actual issue is here. ffmpeg can decode G.726 and -c:a aac should work for HLS.

but it always stops at 120 frames  maximum without reporting any errors or anything. It stops and says this,
encoded 64 frames in 14.93s (4.29 fps), 869.28 kb/s, Avg QP:50.01
[aac @ 0x55a9929450c0] Qavg: 838.802

Show the full log.

How? It's running on my Linux Debian 10 VPS (KVM) with nginx and there are no logs anywhere. I  have searched high and low but I cannot seem to find any.

When you run the command the "log" will appear in the terminal. Alternatively, add the -report option and it will output a very verbose log file in the current directory.

I have tried -report before but it does not work. It just does not output any log files anywhere at all.

It will be named something like ffmpeg-20191108-152107.log in whatever directory the ffmpeg command is being executed. Or just run the ffmpeg command and copy and paste the output you get in the terminal/console/shell (this is preferred over the noisy, verbose log file).

yes, it names the log file like this but it's not saved everywhere. It's very simple to find- or locate- files and directories by running find- or locate- commands but it says "nothing found". The only two options that work are -loglevel debug and -loglevel verbose but it generates one million lines a second or something in my terminal. How would you like me to paste it in here?

Well, here is how the final lines of the log look like in my terminal. It still does not save anything into my log file that I explicitly and manually specified like this: > /path/to/out.txt . I will add the log in my question as it's too long for this comments' section here.


text:
FFMPEG -C:V Copy and -C:V Transcode
When I do it like this,
-c:v copy -preset ultrafast -cfr 20 -tune zerolatency

and it doesn't work I know that this is excpected because the video codec is copied and all the other parameters such as -preset, -cfr and so on are ignored.
However, when I do it like this,
-c:v libx264 -preset ultrafast -cfr 20 -tune zerolatency

it doesn't work either because my camera is already streaming in libx264, it says dup! dup! dup! which means duplicate as far as I understand, one libx264 duplicates another libx264 and just shuts up and stops streaming. I think this is also understandable because you cannot convert / transcode from libx264 to libx264.
Now the question is how do I set / fine tune my libx264 streaming camera's parameters to this?
-preset ultrafast -crf 20 -tune zerolatency

It doesn't work via -c:v copy and it does not work via -c:v. Is it impossible at all? Would appreciate any comments / input / suggestions. Many thanks!
Here is the log:
     built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version='1~deb10u1' --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --ena    ble-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libblur    ay --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme -    -enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable    -librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-l    ibvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx     --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
  libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
  libavformat    58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100
  libavdevice    58.  5.100 / 58.  5.100
  libavfilter     7. 40.101 /  7. 40.101
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libswresample   3.  3.100 /  3.  3.100
  libpostproc    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100
[tcp @ 0x55ea771b6e80] Starting connection attempt to 1.1.1 port 554
[tcp @ 0x55ea771b6e80] Successfully connected to 1.1.1.1 port 554
[rtsp @ 0x55ea771b4c00] SDP:
v=0
o=StreamingServer 3331435948 1116907222000 IN IP4 1.1.1.1
s=10
c=IN IP4 0.0.0.0
t=0 0
a=control:*
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 96
a=control:trackID=0
a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000
a=fmtp:96 packetization-mode=1;profile-level-id=42002A;sprop-parameter-sets=Z0IAKpY1QPAET8s3AQEBAg==,aM48gA==
a=framesize:96 1920-1080
m=audio 0 RTP/AVP 8
a=control:trackID=1
a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000/1
a=ptime:20
a=fmtp:8 packetization-mode=1

[rtsp @ 0x55ea771b4c00] setting jitter buffer size to 0
    Last message repeated 1 times
[h264 @ 0x55ea771b8940] Reinit context to 1920x1088, pix_fmt: yuvj420p
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.1 : mono
  Metadata:
    title           : 10
  Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A
    Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (Baseline), 1 reference frame, yuvj420p(pc, bt709, progressive, left), 1920x1080 (1920x1088), 29.97 tbr, 90k tbn, 180k tbc
    Stream #0:1: Audio: pcm_alaw, 8000 Hz, mono, s16, 64 kb/s
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (pcm_alaw (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[graph_1_in_0_1 @ 0x55ea772dd4c0] tb:1/8000 samplefmt:s16 samplerate:8000 chlayout:0x4
[format_out_0_1 @ 0x55ea7735a4c0] auto-inserting filter 'auto_resampler_0' between the filter 'Parsed_anull_0' and the filter 'format_out_0_1'
[auto_resampler_0 @ 0x55ea772de440] ch:1 chl:mono fmt:s16 r:8000Hz -> ch:1 chl:mono fmt:fltp r:8000Hz
[aac @ 0x55ea771d34c0] Too many bits 8832.000000 > 6144 per frame requested, clamping to max
[h264 @ 0x55ea771d4040] Reinit context to 1920x1088, pix_fmt: yuvj420p
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x55ea772ddf80] w:1920 h:1080 pixfmt:yuvj420p tb:1/90000 fr:30000/1001 sar:0/1 sws_param:flags=2
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2 SSE3 Cache64
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] profile High, level 4.0
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] 264 - core 155 r2917 0a84d98 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2018 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1    :0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 th    reads=3 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 op    en_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.0    0
[segment @ 0x55ea771bc340] Selected stream id:0 type:video
[segment @ 0x55ea771bc340] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream0.ts' for writing
[mpegts @ 0x55ea777e5180] muxrate VBR, pcr every 2 pkts, sdt every 200, pat/pmt every 40 pkts
Output #0, segment, to '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream%01d.ts':
  Metadata:
    title           : 10
    encoder         : Lavf58.20.100
    Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264), 1 reference frame, yuvj420p(pc, left), 1920x1080, q=-1--1, 29.97 fps, 90k tbn, 29.97 tbc
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
    Stream #0:1: Audio: aac (LC), 8000 Hz, mono, fltp, delay 1024, 48 kb/s
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 aac
*** 1 dup!
    Last message repeated 8 times
No more output streams to write to, finishing.
[segment @ 0x55ea771bc340] segment:'/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream0.ts' starts with packet stream:1 pts:0 pts_time:0 frame:0
[segment @ 0x55ea771bc340] segment:'/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream0.ts' starts with packet stream:0 pts:11520 pts_time:0.128 frame:0
[segment @ 0x55ea771bc340] Opening '/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream.m3u8.tmp' for writing
[segment @ 0x55ea771bc340] EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0
[AVIOContext @ 0x55ea777e5780] Statistics: 0 seeks, 1 writeouts
[segment @ 0x55ea771bc340] segment:'/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream0.ts' count:0 ended
[AVIOContext @ 0x55ea77827a80] Statistics: 0 seeks, 7 writeouts
frame=   29 fps=7.5 q=-1.0 Lsize=N/A time=00:00:01.02 bitrate=N/A dup=9 drop=0 speed=0.266x
video:1490kB audio:6kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: unknown
Input file #0 (rtsp://admina:klaipedaville77@85.232.142.131:554/111):
  Input stream #0:0 (video): 20 packets read (1179137 bytes); 20 frames decoded;
  Input stream #0:1 (audio): 48 packets read (7680 bytes); 48 frames decoded (7680 samples);
  Total: 68 packets (1186817 bytes) demuxed
Output file #0 (/usr/local/nginx/html/hls/mystream%01d.ts):
  Output stream #0:0 (video): 29 frames encoded; 29 packets muxed (1526031 bytes);
  Output stream #0:1 (audio): 8 frames encoded (7680 samples); 9 packets muxed (5798 bytes);
  Total: 38 packets (1531829 bytes) muxed
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] frame I:1     Avg QP:25.19  size:405054
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] frame P:18    Avg QP:28.35  size: 61978
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] frame B:10    Avg QP:33.01  size:   469
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] consecutive B-frames: 34.5% 55.2% 10.3%  0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] mb I  I16..4: 28.3%  7.3% 64.3%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] mb P  I16..4:  0.4%  0.0%  0.5%  P16..4: 54.5%  0.5%  5.3%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:38.8%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] mb B  I16..4:  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  B16..8:  6.0%  0.1%  0.0%  direct: 0.0%  skip:93.9%  L0:32.2% L1:67.5% BI: 0.2%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] 8x8 transform intra:6.5% inter:2.3%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 95.7% 36.3% 7.1% inter: 25.7% 0.6% 0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] i16 v,h,dc,p:  2%  2% 82% 14%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 25% 30% 22%  3%  2%  3%  4%  3%  6%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 15% 18% 15%  7%  9%  7% 13%  7%  9%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] i8c dc,h,v,p: 42% 25% 20% 13%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] ref P L0: 94.6%  4.7%  0.5%  0.1%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] ref B L0: 99.6%  0.4%
[libx264 @ 0x55ea771d8700] kb/s:12610.91
[aac @ 0x55ea771d34c0] Qavg: 149.630

Share full command and log. dup! happens because of timestamp gaps, not because of source codec.

Well, the command is really simple
ffmpeg -re -i http://website.com/hls/mystream.m3u8 -vcodec libx264 -preset
ultrafast -tune zerolatency -acodec aac -f flv rtmp://a.rtmp.youtube.com/live2/key

Log missing. What makes you think the parameters are ignored?

because when I specify the parameters it drops almost instantly and does not show/see the parameters in its "side data", but when I do not set any parameters and do it plain simple like this -vcodec copy -acodec aac it works fine.

Share full log.

shared. how do you fix this !dup thing?

This log is for a RTSP input whereas your command above is for a HLS input. Add -report to your command and rerun. Share report.