text:
How did Netero manage to levitate during his fight with Meruem?
I recently rewatched the epic battle between Netero and Meruem in the 2011 anime. I noticed that most of the time, Netero "floated" in front of his summoned Kannon. (I am lazy now to include snapshots, but believe me, he was not just "jumping").
IIRC, in the final battle in The Last Mission movie, Netero stood in front of his Kannon by standing on one of Kannon's palms, which was a very clever and reasonable way to keep a high position.
This leads me to question: How did Netero manage to levitate during his fight with Meruem?
So far (both in the manga and the anime), no Nen user was shown levitating, just flying at best (and using wings in those cases). Of course, the answer to my question can be "By using Nen", but frankly, it would be a very inefficient way to use it (c'mon, just reserve one of Kannon's palms to lift you, and leave the other 99 for "ant swatting").
ADDENDUM: The scene that made me think about all this is in episode 126 at 6:17

uh, actually gon training (one handstand) is to make nen out from his hand, push him to the air. Similar concept i think.

I can't recall the whole fight sequence, but remember that Netero's punches are basically light speed. So it could be argued that the whole fight takes place in a time dilation, meaning that a jumping Netero would appear to be "hovering". Of course that is just wild speculation and if I were to rewatch the fight sequence I might instantly contradict myself.

@mfoy_ Good point, but see my addendum.

@MatemáticosChibchas after reviewing that clip a few times, I feel confident saying that despite what you see, Netero is never levitating. It's the anime taking creative license to display his superiority by showing him mid-air for dramatic effect. I say this mainly because he is only seen "levitating" for a few seconds in total, for the viewer to bask in the full glory of his ultimate technique.

The most credible explanation is that Netero wasn't actually levitating.
It is undeniable that there are scenes where he seems to be levitating:

However, it could be that Netero was jumping up, and the entire half a minute scene of him in midair, which also includes a flashbacks, is in incredible slow motion. Because of his superhuman strength, it would not be difficult for him to jump this high (Gon and Killua did this in GI).
Netero is one of the fastest characters in HxH:

He managed to out-speed Neferpitou and, even more remarkable, Meruem, as he was able to launch numerous attacks on Meruem with his 100-Type Guanyin Bodhisattva with the King unable to see the coming assault. It took him many minutes of incessant fighting to grow used to Netero's speed.

His punches are faster than the speed of sound, and this attack was so fast Meruem could not see them coming. Note that Meruem is one of the strongest characters of HxH and is also incredibly fast:

Immense Speed and Reflexes: Meruem can rip off limbs and obliterate entire bodies in less than an instant.

However, the attacks were slow enough to be clearly visible to us. Therefore, it can be deduced that the scenes is in extreme slow motion.
He did land just afterwards. If he had been levitating, it would have been better to keep levitating to carry on his attack:

Well, the anime actually explains the method to levitate during the Greed Island Arc. The treasure hunter was demonstrating his skills to qualify for the 15-man squad by showing off his ability to temporarily levitate by pushing Nen from his feet and using it like a pillar of sorts to keep afloat.
The boys outflew him literally on their first try. It's not a stretch to say that Netero knew how to do this technique already and was liberally using it in his fight with Meruem... He just slowly retracted his Nen as he fell and slowly decelerated to ground level.

Maybe he was using the method explained in the greed island arc because that extra palm that he would have sat on was needed in the fight, and since Netero knew that death was a possibility in the fight he wasn't going to try and conserve any nen. He was going all out!

"the method explained in the greed island arc" - Could you elaborate on this? There were many methods explained in this arc.

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text:
What was Natsume hiding in her closet in episode 11?
In episode 11 of Tokyo Ravens, what was Natsume hiding in her closet?

It was never shown in the whole series, but we can make some intelligent guesses. Here are the list of things Natsume hides:

She is a girl. No one except Harutora knows she is a girl.
She is the controller behind Hokuto.
She is obsessively in love with Harutora.

So based on these things, it could be

Girl clothes, cosmetics, girly things, etc.
Clothes and kit that Hokuto uses.
A whole collection of things related to Harutora, maybe during his time with Hokuto. Pictures, memorabilia etc..

Actually, Harutora, Touji and even Suzuka know she's a girl. So I don't think she's too worried about that sorta things like cosmetics or clothes being out at this point.
She also traipses around with that ribbon Harutora won and even has a tiger statuette on display, so I don't really think she's shy of the memorabilia all that much and I honestly don't think she's the sorta girl to build a shrine for her crush or something.
So taking an educated guess, I think it's her porn collection, seeing as Harutora's was subtly mentioned before this particular scene to be in his closet.

source: Stack Exchange

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

sort: votes


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What are the differences between the Tokyo Ghoul anime and manga?
After seeing the first episode of Tokyo Ghoul √A, I noticed a major difference in the anime. Are there any more differences between manga and anime (both seasons)?

I think for me, the difference is when Jason tortures Kaneki, as many scenes are cut from there. Also in the fight between Kaneki and Ayato, Kaneki half kills Ayato.

Also, the method he uses to break Kaneki's mind is different. In the anime, he asks Kaneki to choose between his 2 helpers/cleaners who are in love with each other. In the manga, he asks Kaneki to choose between a mother and child.

Root A (season 2) is a completely different storyline that diverged from the manga and shows Kaneki if he had joined Aogiri instead of going off on his own. Though it does have some big spoilers, Read a bit about why they made this decision on This question. Almost the entirety of Root A is different, but some scenes (mostly fights) are recreated and are very similar overall. The storylines mostly merge at the last "arc" which occurs in the last 2-3 episodes of the series. This is the 2nd raid by CCG, Considering the first being the one against Aogiri (I will not say more as its Spoilers) and events play out differently but with overall identical results in the end. That is to say that major events that affected the results of the Raid occurred in both, though not necessarily in the same way. This was done presumably to leave the option to return to canon material in Tokyo Ghoul RE for season 3 if they chose to do it, but it could just be that it was supposedly the original story-line before Ishida changed it to what the Manga used, as noted in the first link, and he kept them through both versions.
Season 1 was very similar overall, with only moderate changes such as the chronology as better described by Thellimist in that answer, and a few other bits and pieces about how events occurred, primarily regarding Hinami and her Parents and how those events started up, and they did heavily censor Jasons Torture to Kaneki. He was down there for 10 days ( Read about it Half way down the page in the aogiri arc Summary of Jason on the wiki here
Overall, Season 1 is very similar, while season 2 only has bits and pieces that are similar.

[Pierrot] changed the chronology of some of the events in the manga. For instance, Kaneki doesn't meet Tsukiyama (Gourmet) until after the Hinami incident with Amon and Kado (senior) (the doves) killing her parents. I believe they changed the order of these events to make Kaneki's presence in these fights more comprehensible. For example, Kaneki is less involved and a little helpless in the church scene against Tsukiyama, even in the manga. This is a result of his starvation causing his weakened state, despite his amount of training "actually" being greater than when he fought Amon (based on the manga). But in the fight against Amon, both manga and probably TV, Kaneki is much more active and displays more tactical fighting. So it makes sense to put the Tsukiyama conflict part before in the television as a result of Kaneki being more passive and weaker in these instances as opposed to when he fights Amon, it highlights the benefits of his training and emphasizes his increasing strength. So to an extent this is interesting that [the studio] changed the chronology of these events it makes sense in an appreciable way. The censoring is ridiculous though, on an emotional level, your missing out on a lot of the show.

Source: reddit

The anime fight with amon ignored that the gourmet arc even happened cause it was the same as in the manga with no differences aside for them to continue playing up the helpless Kaneki angle that never existed in the manga.

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/


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What are Shiina's and Tsuyuko's last names?
Looking through the Wikipedia article of Koufuku Graffiti, I noticed that Shiina's and Tsuyuko's last names are missing. It is also missing on the corresponding Japanese Wikipedia article. Since Japanese Wikipedia is usually very detailed about terminology and character names, the last name being missing suggest that it is not yet revealed at the moment.
What are Shiina's and Tsuyuko's last names? Has it been revealed in the manga? Is there any official reason why their last names are kept secret?

Some characters in anime are not ever given surnames by the production company. This is the case for Shiina and Tsuyuko, according to Staff and Cast page of the official website:

キャスト

町子リョウ：佐藤利奈
森野きりん：大亀あすか
椎名 [Shiina]：小松未可子
内木ユキ：井口裕香
露子 [Tsuyuko]：小林ゆう
町子明：野中 藍

You can see in this list how these two names do not have surnames, whereas the rest of the characters' names in the list do.
It is not standard or commonplace in anime to start a character without a surname in the cast list and add a surname for the character at a later point. As such, we can have no reasonable expectation of this happening for these characters, and thus, it is not the case that the surname is simply "not yet revealed."
In other words, the surnames are not "missing" or "kept secret." They simply do not exist.
The only chance of the characters receiving a surname is if the mangaka adds mention of one into a currently-running manga: for example, by creating a character profile printed in the tankoubon (graphic novel volume release) or printed in a special feature page in the manga magazine it runs in, or if it comes up incidentally within the manga itself, such as meeting/greeting a character's parents, or showing the character's name on their shoe locker at school (even if this happened, it would not retroactively give a surname to the anime version of the characters). However, Koufuku Graffiti is a yonkoma (four-panel comic strip type of manga), in which it is commonplace for supporting (and even some protagonist) characters not to have any surnames. Here are some examples of such: Animal Youkocho's protagonist has a surname but none of the other characters do; Kiko-chan Smile's protagonist and her family share a surname, but other characters bear either a given name (i.e. first name) or a surname but not both; Sazae-san has three main families who have surnames but supporting characters are a mix of 1) those who have only given names, 2) those who have only surnames, and 3) those who lucked out with both.

I should have clarify my question. Japanese Wikipedia should at least confirm that their last names are not revealed at the moment. I don't need another confirmation that their last names are not available. I want to know if their last names are revealed in the manga or not - and if it is currently not, the question doesn't have to be answered now.

Feel free to keep your answer, since this is more or less what we have now, though I will keep my downvote.

Claiming "it does not exist" is stronger than "not yet revealed". It is a baseless claim as far as I can see.


text:
Are the similarities between Homura Akemi and Kiritsugu Emiya intentional?
Puella Magi Madoka Magica's Homura Akemi and Fate/Zero's Kiritsugu Emiya were both written by Gen Urobuchi, although Kiritsugu was created by Type Moon's Kinoko Nasu. There are numerous similarities between them:

Both are magic users with control over time.
Both augment their magical powers with modern weaponry.
Both are very taciturn, but deeply loving towards certain people (Homura towards Madoka and Kiritsugu towards Iri and Illya).
Both are mentally damaged by the horrors of war (Homura's experiences in the time loops and Kiritsugu's experiences in various war zones over the years).
Both characters are pivotal to the events of the story, but for most of the series the viewers, and even the main heroine herself, have no idea what they are thinking.
Both have something of a gap in ideals with the main heroine (Homura's actions during the movie go against Madoka's wishes, while Kiritsugu and Saber clash so much from the very beginning that Kiritsugu assigns her to work with Iri).
Both have great hair :)

Was this just an archetype of Urobuchi's writing, the way Stephen King spent three decades writing about common household objects trying to kill people? Or is there an interview or any evidence which suggests this was intentional? As a related question, how much of Kiritsugu's overlap with Homura was Nasu's doing, and how much was Urobuchi's?

Not directly an answer to your question, but Urobuchi's afterword to the first volume of Fate/Zero basically presages Madoka. Worth having a look at, imo. (P.S. Kiritsugu's hair is nowhere near Homura-tier. ill fite u irl m8.)

@senshin That afterword was very interesting, and Nasu's portion suggests that Urobuchi did almost all of the writing for Kiritsugu, which answers my related question. Also, though I consider Kiritsugu's hair pretty great, I recognize that Kiritsugu would have to have Super Saiyan 3-level hair to approach the magnificence of Homu Homu's lissome tresses.

@Torisuda unrelated to the question but do you have a bigger version of that image of Homura hold that dead Incubator?

@Memor-X http://www.zerochan.net/930196#full to get the full-size of that image.

My own inclination is that this is simply a case of recycling tropes and themes by the author; a lot of themes from Fate/Zero ended up (differently developed) in PMMM

@MeirIllumination That was my default hypothesis too, but since Urobuchi (unlike many anime creators) has a lot of interviews floating around out there, I figured I would ask and see if anyone knew of one where he talks about this.


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Is the "Greenhouse Boy" the same person as the main antagonist in the TV anime version of Wish upon the Pleiades?
In the ONA, they were the same person.
But in TV anime version, Subaru does not seem to recognize him (or at least she is keeping her cards hidden from the other girls).
Their appearance are somehow similar (the horns could be a part of the outfit), but the personality of the horned guy who attempts to steal the fragments, and the greenhouse kid are radically different.
Are they the same person in the TV anime as well?

They are the same person. What do you expect?

Dunno. Evil twin, evil clone, mirror universe, there are so many possibilities. Gainax is renowed for twisting their stories beyond recognition on each retelling, for once.

I wouldn't expect much from this series, though. Gainax has gone down hill since Gurren Lagann.

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text:
Is Sora no Otoshimono Final: Eternal My Master the definite ending movie of the series?
Is the new movie Sora no Otoshimono Final: Eternal My Master the definite ending movie of the series?
There are so many loopholes in the story which have yet to be filled in. And the series has been quite the success as well.

AFAIK, Sora no Otoshimono Final is the last movie of the series, if you want to know the whole story you can read the manga

『 そらのおとしものFinal 永遠の私の鳥籠 』 (Sora no Otoshimono Final: Eternal My Master) was released as 劇場版第2作 (second theatrical installment) following the first film 『劇場版 そらのおとしもの 時計じかけの哀女神』 (Gekijouban Sora no Otoshimono Tokei jikake no Angeloid).
When it was announced, the announcement did not specify that this is absolutely the final film, but it did state:

『「第３期シリーズ」として発表しておりましたが、この度シリーズ作品ではなく...2014年に劇場公開することが大決定しました！！』
"Although we had previously said there would be a third series [season], this time instead of a series...in 2014 it's been decided that there will be a theatrical release!"

A third season of the TV anime had previously been promised in the March 2012 issue of 「月刊少年エース」 (Gekkan Shounen Ace) magazine, but the film announcement corrects that to state that there will not be any further TV anime after all, and the second film is a replacement.
Whether there will ever be another film or OAV is not clearly articulated, but the title of the film implies that it is intended to be the final production. They could have used the term 完結編 (kanketsuhen, the last program of a series) in the title or in the announcement to explicitly state that there are no plans to ever produce a following work, but did not do so.

The movie skipped too big or hopped way to far. They skipped those important scenes, like:

Tomoki's world is not real (well, this part explains some point in the movie, but only a little.)
Defeating the master of Synapse
Mikako is a goddess?
etc.

If you want to know more or fill the holes of the movie, I prefer you read the manga, which has the complete story (well, the anime comes from the manga).

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
What is the song playing during battle scenes when Ushio calls the Beast Spear?
Is there any official OST of Ushio to Tora (2015)?
I am pretty much interested in the soundtrack during battle scenes when Ushio calls the Beast Spear.

I removed the last question about the genre of the music, since it is off-topic here.

Well, there definitely is an official soundtrack for Ushio to Tora. You can purchase one from here
As for your battle scene music, someone recreated the music on YouTube that you might find interesting.

Yes, it's nice, but I prefer the original one, so much more aggressive. Also the track list is pretty small, not sure if the one I need is really there:1
混ぜるな危険 (TVサイズ)
2
HERO
3
うしおのテーマ
4
とらのテーマ
5
槍の男 (ほか30曲予定)

@Ascorpio The track listing on cdjapan is just the first 5 out of ~35 total. The album doesn't actually come out for another two weeks, so you're going to have to wait until then.

Assuming that the piece you're looking for is the one that is recreated in the Youtube video that Tyhja's answer links to, that's track #35 on the first volume of the soundtrack, titled "Yari no Otoko 2" ("Man with the Spear 2").
Note that the start of the recreated version of the piece corresponds to about 25 seconds into the actual track. Here is a 15-second extract: https://clyp.it/bdj1z10k.


text:
Is there any website providing script from mangas in textual format?
Is there any website providing script from mangas in textual format, so that I could just paste it in Google Translator? There are so many Chinese mangas that I cannot read, and it's to hard for me to rewrite the signs into Google Translator by finger.

Almost surely not. The publishers have no incentive to do this (why enable pirates?), and this would be labor-intensive for other people to do (requiring significant manual transcription).

There is not a page that I know of that stores the text version of manga, actually I'm not sure such a page would be legal considering the huge legal struggle over lyric sites in the past. However, what you are asking is not impossible.
There is a technology called optical character recognition (OCR) which is software scanners use to generate text versions of the scanned document. There are several programs that implement this technology for use in translation software. Some are available as apps available on your phone and can be found in the app store for your device. While there are many implementations available, one such implementation called Capture2Text uses OCR specifically for the use of translating manga, visual novels, and so forth.
These programs will copy the characters to your clipboard which you can then put into your favorite translator. There are also some programs available out there that will search multiple translators at once or even allow you to create your own dictionary of words to look up words/phrases in.

There are a few OCR apps that let you take photos and translate segment that you mightn't be able to translate (example https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/scanner-translator-convert/id816177666?mt=8) - users beware though, computers can't translate as well as humans can, or at least not just yet


text:
What happened to Kirakishou in chapter 66 of Rozen Maiden Tales?

I just finished reading Tales (the second Rozen Maiden series), and I have a few questions.

Did Jun from unwound world became Kirakishou's master? How was she awakened? Is it because the wound world Jun appeared?
Regarding the dialogue on 24th page "How do you do, Master? We meet again. And just for a while, I'll be going.", does it mean that she will return to adult Jun shortly after helping his childish form with the creation of the new rose, or that she will be staying in awakened form only during their adventure to recreate Shinku? If it is the latter, does it mean that she will fall asleep again, as they succeed in their journey and she will be returned to the unwound Jun, or she will still stay awaken, after being waken up once?

I tried to clean up your question, but there were a few things I didn't understand so please check that I didn't mess anything up. Regarding manga reader sites, we don't allow questions here on such sites unless they are legally licensed to distribute the manga, which most aren't.

Yes, its okay, thx

Looks like nobdy knows...


text:
Does Anri know that Mikado is the leader of Dollars or part of the Dollars?
Does Anri know that Mikado is the leader of Dollars or that he is part of the Dollars?

Anri knows that Mikado is in the Dollars and has known this since fairly early on (not sure when exactly; certainly at least by the end of season 1), but I'm not sure whether or not she's aware that Mikado is the founder of the Dollars.

Why does it matter anyways? I suspect if she did know, not much would have changed. Or am I missing something?

She doesn't know, and Mikado doesn't know that Anri is Aika.

@senshin's comment implies that she does know, could you give some reasons why you think she doesn't know?


text:
How does Mugino Shizuri's Meltdowner beam work?
How does Mugino Shizuri's Meltdowner beam work?
I was going to have a discussion on Physics StackExchange about the line between Pseudo-Science and Real Science in the To Aru series, and I would like to start with Mugino's powers.
Basically, I want to make sure I have a good understanding of how her powers work before I discuss the plausibility (or lack thereof) of her powers in real life.
I'd prefer light novel/manga scans or word of God statements for explanations. Please don't link the wiki, since I've already checked and some of it's articles are flawed. So primary sources and calculations based off of those primary sources are preferred.

Reminds me of

So to start off, a disclaimer: I don't have any qualifications in physics whatsoever, but I have taken elementary physics courses up to quantum mechanics, so I have an amateur interest in the topic, being an Index/Railgun fan myself.
As the OP noted, the to aru wiki gives a very vague explanation about the Meltdowner ability and they claim it has to do with "stopping" electrons. From a quantum standpoint, this is nonsense, since by the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, a "stopped" electron would simply be a standing wave that spans infinite space. Clearly this does not match up with the anime depiction of Mugino's ability. So I thought I would throw all that out the window and start with the assumption that Mugino has the ability to control electrons (more details on what that actually entails later).
There are several properties of the Meltdowner we need to explain:
heat: clearly it is very hot, given its name, and how it is seemingly able to ignite flammable materials
piercing/blocking: In addition, it seems to have the ability to "phase through" metal with a short delay besides actually melting it. She is also able to form a shield that instantaneously blocks projectiles (as opposed to simply melting them)
stationary: Mugino is able to hold her Meltdowner in a ball-shaped stationary form
beam: She is then able to fire off beams, while maintiaining the stationary form.
So here is my assumption: Mugino is able to control not just how electrons move, but also manipulate their quantum state. To explain her abilities, I will use the concepts of wave-particle duality of nature and quantum superposition.
According to the wave-particle duality, an electron is both a wave and a particle. From a quantum perspective, "wave-ness" and "particle-ness" are just properties of the electron. So if we observe an electron in a certain way, it may collapse to either a wave or a particle state, but without measurement, it just exists in a superposition of the two. In nature, an electron has very little mass (the defining characteristic of a particle) and quite a large wavelength. The Meltdowner is very clearly not a wave-type attack in the slightest; it is either a beam or a ball of electrons.
So what might be happening is that Mugino forces electrons to behave more like particles than waves to the extent that their wavelength is so long that it isn't even noticeable. On the other hand, the electrons become significantly more massive. The massive electrons give the Meltdowner its piercing/blocking properties quite trivially; you can block or break through stuff with more stuff.
The Meltdowner is hot because even though the electrons aren't moving, their kinetic energy remains the same. However, as a very large particle with very high mass and very little wavelength, this means each electron stores excessive energy, which it dissipates by vibrating in place. The green glow of the Meltdowner is not the electrons themselves, but the surrounding air being heated up.
Finally, the transition between stationary/beam forms. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle states that there is a trade-off between knowing momentum and knowing position. With control over the states of electrons, Mugino can essentially change the measurement. If she needs the electrons in stationary mode, she measures their position. If she needs them in beam mode, she measures their velocity.

The author (Kazuma Kamachi) invented a new particle state.
From novel 15 (this is the fan translation, sorry, don't have the official one):

With the woman known as Mugino Shizuri at the center, lines of bright,
  unhealthy-looking light shot out in all directions. They weren’t
  special electron beams shot out with the force of a lightning strike.
  Just like light, electrons have the properties of both particles and
  waves, but Mugino had the power to forcibly control electrons that
  remained in that “ambiguous” state.
When electrons that were fixed in that ambiguous state struck an
  object, they couldn’t decide whether to react as a particle or as a
  wave, so they would “stop” there. Normally, electrons had a mass that
  was incredibly close to zero, but that “stopping” created a false wall
  that caused a dreadful amount of destructive force to be strike the
  target at the speed with which it hit that wall.

I am not a particle physicist, but I am pretty sure that nothing in nature that can behave like a particle and a wave at the same time. Therefore, the author can make up whatever properties of this beam he/she likes.
TL;DR: It's basically scientific magic.


text:
Why does MAGES. say "music animation game event school" backwords?
In Hyperdimesion Neptunia Re;Birth, when the party does their first job for Avanir in Lastation, they come across MAGES. When the party is unable to help her find "Doc P", she calls someone and at the end of her call she says

I bid you luck. Loochs tneve emag noitamina cisum.

If we reverse the last part, it says:

music animation game event schooL

I know that MAGES. is a reference to the parent company of 5pb which is also called MAGES (Japanese Wikipedia Page), and I remember reading before the release of Hyperdimension Neptunia Victory that her design was inspired by Steins;Gate
Why does MAGES. say "music animation game event school" backwards? Is this some reference to one of 5pb's or MAGES' works? (like Steins;Gate or other titles in the Science Adventure Series)

It's probably a reference to El Psy Congroo by Okabe, but I'm not sure since I'm not familiar with the rest of 5pb/MAGES' works.

Those words spell out MAGES if you take the first letters from each

Actually if you reverse it, it says Music Animation Game Event Shcool.

look at her name its like MAGES.M as in music. A as in animatoin. G as in Games. E as in event. S as in school.SEE BOOM


text:
Does (Taju) Kage Bushin no Justu return the user his Chakra after he undoes this jutsu?
We have always seen Naruto using this technique - Taju Kage Bushin no Jutsu. I agree that Naruto's stamina is 5/5, but.. he uses the technique for an unbelievable number of times.
For example, let's say he has a chakra level of 100%, and he creates 3 clones, which means each clone will have 25% chakra of the original.

If 3 clones get destroyed by an opponent, or
Naruto undoes the jutsu

In both cases, Naruto learns the information the clones have gathered. Do they also return their chakra back to Naruto?
Ideally, they should return in case 2! However, I am not sure about case 1.
If they don't, then Naruto's chakra level should go down exponentially, as long as he creates new clones.
Now since Naruto has mastered Senjutsu (which of course has a time limit), he can create 2 clones in the battlefield itself with the help of natural energy. Also with Nine Tails chakra, he can create unlimited number of clones, because Tailed Beasts possess unlimited (compared to human limits) amount of chakra. But how about his battles prior to his Senjutsu or Nine-Tails form?

The nine-tailed beast does not have unlimited chakra.

As I have mentioned compared to human limits.

I'm sorry, I missed it.

Naruto uses that technique to gain the Sen-chakra in the fight against Pain, so yes, the chakra is transferred to the user, when the clone is destroyed.

+1 Thanks. That brings some idea.. well the question now I have is destroyed or jutsu undone ? Two times he undoes jutsu to gain sen-ckakra. Once by summoning and undoing.. And once due to seal manipulation by 4th hokage! So both times clone weren't destroyed but jutsu was undone!

Or is it undo and destroy both result same? Destroy meaning, Naruto's clone tries to fight and gets beaten or stabbed likely to get killed. Since its a clone it just gets vanished.

@Sai: From my understanding, it's the same.

This part of the wiki provides some additional details on this particular usage of the technique:

characteristic that is unique to the Shadow Clone Technique is that any experience the clones gain during their existence is transferred to the user once they are dispersed. This makes the technique ideal for spying, since the user can simply send a clone to spy on a target, then have the clone disperse itself without returning to pass the information back to the user.
It's also useful for training purposes, since the total amount of experience the user gains is multiplied by the total number of clones being used to train. For example, if a user creates one shadow clone and trains together with this clone for one hour, then dispels the clone, the user gains two hours of training in one hour by adding the hours of clone and the user together.

and

 [...] Naruto also uses shadow clones in order to counter the limit of Sage Mode, the need to stay still on a battlefield to gather more senjutsu chakra, as well as the inability of the Two Great Sage Toads to merge with him due to the presence of the Nine-Tailed Demon Fox inside him. By infusing his shadow clones with senjutsu chakra and leaving them at Mount Myōboku, Naruto can recall them to him on the battlefield and dispel the technique causing the chakra they have stored up to return to the original body.

Question is about retaining of chakra. The technique distributes chakra to clones equally. So if clone returns chakra to the host .. then it would be ideal.

According to the cited parts, information, experience and chakra (even 'type of chakra' that was being possessed by the clone) is returned when the clone is dispersed (peacefully or forcefully)

thank you very much Veger, even looper provided the same example of Naruto's fight with pain. Thank  you. +1


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What type of chakra element does the Aburame clan possess?
Among the five basic elements of chakra (earth, water, wind, lightning and fire), what type of chakra does the Aburame clan possess to control insects at their will?

It very well could be a Kekkai Genkai, a ninja ability that is genetic or passed down by nature genetically, i.e. Bakugan, or Shadow Weaving (the Nara Clan).  The make up of these abilities is not known and is really a family secret only known to those within the clan.

Hidden Jutsu are definitly not Kekkai Genkai, its mearly that their secrets are hidden from everyone else. Most of them are Yin and Yang though, including the Nara clan, as all chakra manipulation is of the 5 elements, or yin/yang, or of pure chakra itself. That being said, the Insect do eat raw chakra regardless of its affinity, so they might not even need a nature. All their ninjutsu are insect related

Chakra is based on In (Yin) and Yo (Yang). If both come together, Seishitsuhenka can be applied to the chakra. Some techniques (like Kagebunshin no jutsu) only work with manipulating In and Yo (only if both are combined 1:1, the "normal" chakra(like used in Rasengan) is created). Because Kikaichū no Jutsu and the other Jutsus needs no signs, no chakra is manipulated. They are only simple techniques to be used with the knowledge of insects.
All in all, it's never shown that members of the Aburame-clan don't use Seishitsuhenka.

Yes, and see this question for further info on yin yang techniques.

I don't think it matters. The insects live under their skins in symbiosis with their host. The shinobi and the insects both benefit from this: the insects feed on their host's chakra (and I don't think they care about its type), and the host can use ninjutsu involving the insects.
Note that ninjutsu must not necessarily be bound to a specific element. For example, Shadow Clone Technique is a ninjutsu which can be used by a lot of shinobi with different chakra types. Therefore, I think that Aburame clan members can have any chakra type.

This. The bugs that consume chakra can consume chakra of any nature, as seen in the series.

The Aburame Clan doesnt have a specified affinity for an element chakra nature. But I believe most would have elemental chakra natures that compliment their clan's ability, such as Earth and Water. They probably incorporate Yang release as well because their Beetles are given life.

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Can Naruto create unlimited Rasenshurikens anytime in future?
Naruto's Sage Technique is just a free form energy with which he manipulates the wind-natured chakra in Rasengan to create Rasenshuriken. However, it used to be the case that he only managed to create maximum of 2 Rasenshurikens by adding his wind chakra before his Sage Mode came to an end.
If he is granted unlimited chakra from Kyuubi, can he create unlimited number of Rasenshuriken?

It's not like the Nine-Tails has unlimited chakra. The Fox just have enormous amounts of it by human standards.

No, I don't think so. I believe that Kyuubi's chakra isn't unlimited.

 First, Kyuubi cares, that Naruto wastes it's chakra. Second, Hachibi's fight against Sandaime Raikage suggests, that the chakra of a beast isn't unlimited, because Hachibi was knocked out because of exhaustion. Because the beasts are pure chakra, I think that would mean, that it has too less chakra.

I think this answer should be revised

The Kyuubi's chakra definitely is not unlimited.  And there's a limit to how much Naruto can use it.
The Kyuubi tells Naruto on more than one occassion that he's being reckless with his chakra.  The Kyuubi also looks older when Naruto first takes his chakra.  Finally, if Naruto uses too much of the Kyuubi's chakra the Kyuubi's chakra take over Naruto.
There's no way to get unlimited rasen-shuirken at this present time.

Depends on your definition of "present time". Anime or Manga?

Now, Naruto is able to create life, redirect energy flow and do many things he could not do just with the kyuubi. He is also now the jinchüriki of all the bijü.
So yes, I think now, he could create infinite rasen-shüriken if he so wished


text:
What happened to the punishment for stealing an S-Rank Quest?
In episode 19, Natsu, Gray, Happy and Lucie should have been punished because they "stole" an S-Rank quest. However, the master wasn't there, so they wanted to take another quest. When they read the quest content, it swapped their bodies/minds. The master then entered and tried to help them, and the episode ends.
Episode 20 starts in a forest where Natsu and Happy are fishing, so the "ending" of Episode 19 is missing.
Did I watch a wrong "source" or is this part really missing?

I guess they were all forgiven and moved on... I do not think you missed out on an episode...

Episode 19 (filler episode) and episode 20 (omake episode) are non-canonical from a continuity perspective. In the manga, when they return to Magnolia, Erza reminds them about that punishment (just like in the anime), but then they see their guild building destroyed. This begins the next Phantom Lord arc, and thus the punishment matter gets dropped naturally. Since the punishment was never shown in canon, they probably decided to skip it in the anime too.

 In any case, that punishment is most likely something silly, such as the one in episode 75 later.

Ok, but it is really confusing that they swapped bodies and suddenly the three main chars are fishing... So everything is fine in the step from 19 to 20 yes`?

The point is that the things showed in did not really happen at that point. Those are anime fillers. Anime fillers are not always logical, and do not necessarily adhere to the plot continuity.

However, one way to convince yourself is that they got punished after the episode ended and before the next episode started.

@j0chn While ep 19 and 20 were indeed filler, they were punished in the manga. It wasn't in between episodes either. The moment they got punished should have been at the beginning of episode 21, but Toei just edited out, for some unknown reason.

We never actually find out what "THAT" is. All we learn is that it is horrifying enough to make Natsu scream in terror and Gray cry/breakdown at the thought of it.
My personal opinion is that knowing Makarov and how much he loves his "children" I doubt that it's something painful; rather my guess is that it's probably something intensely humiliating.

There was another time when a punishment was used. When the entire guild was racing, the last four people had the punishment of dressing up in women clothes, and they had their pictures taken for the sorcerers weekly magazine.


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What does the German say in the opening of ef - a tale of melodies?
The OP sequences for ef - a tale of melodies have a lot of German text in the background. The text seems to be the same for all of the different versions. This version is from episode 6, and features the instrumental version of the song (Ebullient Future) and the characters are not present, so it's the easiest to read the text:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRp0Adtwadc&hd=1
I think it's pretty safe to assume this isn't totally random German text. What does it say (in English), and what is it referencing?

It looks like the entire OP has been translated in this article. It says that the lines are from 2 different EF related songs, "Eternal Feather" from the ending theme of the last episode of "ef - a tale of memories" and "Emotional Flutter" from the opening of the game "ef - a latter tale".
The article has all of the text, side-by-side, with the English translation and (in red) the song that the line came from. There's also a note at the end about some names of other EF related songs on-screen.

Holding the reviving memories [Eternal Feather]To my chest [Eternal Feather]There was a distant sky on the other side of the window [Eternal Feather]I was watching the unreachable clouds [Eternal Feather]The smile left behind on the road home, [Emotional Flutter]Will never find the voice it looks for [Emotional Flutter]The darkness engraved in my memories [Emotional Flutter]Even now, won't end [Emotional Flutter]Even now, won't end [Emotional Flutter]Swooping down from the sky, [Emotional Flutter]There was a distant sky on the other side of the window [Eternal Feather]I was watching the unreachable clouds [Eternal Feather]My breaking heart has been healed [Eternal Feather]I heard a tender voice [Eternal Feather]Pieces of a dream spill and fall into my palms [Eternal Feather]To search for the lost answer, I start running [Eternal Feather]Overcoming the time when we came across each other [Eternal Feather]Our hands join together [Eternal Feather]Holding the reviving memories [Eternal Feather]To my chest [Eternal Feather]I search for your back that I have forgotten about [Eternal Feather]Making the loneliness end [Eternal Feather]I believe you, but I feel uneasy [Eternal Feather]And I dreamed of your voice [Eternal Feather]I fear getting hurt [Eternal Feather]and make my face smile, [Eternal Feather]I'll start weaving a breakable courage, if we're together [Eternal Feather]When I change even the pain frozen onto me into warmth [Eternal Feather]The sound of the bell echoes [Eternal Feather]Into the endless future [Eternal Feather]Soar up high into the sky [Eternal Feather]Even if you don't have feathers [Eternal Feather]I believe you, but I feel uneasy [Eternal Feather]And I dreamed of your voice [Eternal Feather]The smile left behind on the road home [Emotional Flutter]Will never find the voice it looks for [Emotional Flutter]The darkness engraved in my memories even now, won't end [Emotional Flutter]Even now, won't end [Emotional Flutter]Swooping down from the sky, [Emotional Flutter]The white wings swayed [Emotional Flutter]Running with my outstretched hand, [Emotional Flutter]I chased after your shadow [Emotional Flutter]If the falling white snow were to pile up, [Emotional Flutter]It would cover up these sad colors [Emotional Flutter]The love sleeping deep within my heart [Emotional Flutter]Please remember it [Emotional Flutter]Soar high up in the sky [Emotional Flutter]And spread your wings [Emotional Flutter]Inside the gentle rays of the sun [Emotional Flutter]You showed me your dreams [Emotional Flutter]Fluttering down from the high sky, [Emotional Flutter]Wear your white wings [Emotional Flutter]Our joined hands [Emotional Flutter]Won't let go of the future [Emotional Flutter]The love sleeping deep within my heart [Emotional Flutter]Please remember it [Emotional Flutter]The smile left behind on the road home [Emotional Flutter]Will never find the voice it looks for [Emotional Flutter]The darkness engraved in my memories even now, won't end [Emotional Flutter]Even now, won't end [Emotional Flutter]There was a distant sky on the other side of the window [Eternal Feather]I was watching the unreachable clouds [Eternal Feather]My breaking heart has been healed [Eternal Feather]I heard a tender voice [Eternal Feather]Swooping down from the sky, [Emotional Flutter]The white wings swayed [Emotional Flutter]Pieces of a dream spill and fall into my palms [Eternal Feather]To search for the lost answer, I start running [Eternal Feather]Overcoming the time when we came across each other [Eternal Feather]Our hands join together [Eternal Feather]Holding the reviving memories [Eternal Feather]To my chest [Eternal Feather]Running with my outstretched hand, [Emotional Flutter]I chased after your shadow [Emotional Flutter]I search for your back that I have forgotten about [Eternal Feather]Making the loneliness end [Eternal Feather]


text:
What are Madara Uchiha's weaknesses?
At his current state, how could Madara possibly be defeated?
Any physical attack/Taijutsu would be easily deflected by either:

The Susano'o
The Gunbai (war fan, which proved to easily negate a Bijuudama)
Shinra Tensei (which wasn't seen yet, but we have to assume he's capable of it).

 And I'm not even starting to talk about the Rikudo mode.

Any non-physical attack would be easily absorbed by the Preta Rinnegan path. There aren't many ultra-powerful genjutsu ninja who can hope to trap him in a genjutsu for more than 2 seconds. And in the offshoot that something does hurt him, he'd just regenerate. He's a zombie.

What weakness does Madara have that could be exploited to harm him? They'd have to damage him badly to hope for a seal.

His massive ego is his greatest weakness, his over confidence makes him underestimate the power of others.

grasshopper has the right of it in his comment!

@grasshopper: That's a good one. Though I did kick the 5 kages' behinds. You should post that as an answer!

Simple a Senju descendant can beat him, already its been shown in Naruto's lineage he inherits the senju blood him and Kyubbi will put him to rest.

According to Itachi every jutsu has a weakness, but that may not apply to jutsu combos (Rinnegan EMS Wood release).  However the manga already showed that over-reliance on the Rinnegan's chakra / jutsu absorption is risky with Sage mode nature chakra (risk of turning into a stone statue).

@jw013: According to Kishimoto, "Every shinobi has a weakness. Madara however, does not.".

It occurred to me recently that even Edo Madara hasn't developed a would counter to a Sage mode sound-based genjutsu.  The Sage Frog genjutsu gave Pain a hard time despite the Rinnegan - he dealt with it the second time by simply killing the frog before the jutsu could be activated.  Edo Itachi also had difficulty dealing with Kabuto's Sage sound genjutsu and only got out of it because he was facing Sasuke and the pair were able to use Sharingan on each other.

@jw013: Yeah, lucky for them that they have so many Shinobi who can do that! It's a good point though! Add it as an answer

It does not seem like any of Madara's new abilities have a counter to sound genjutsu, especially when boosted by Senjutsu / Sage mode.  While sound genjutsu and Senjutsu are both very rare, the manga has shown two examples of different techniques of that type being effective against techniques that Madara has recently gained.
The two Sage Toads' sound genjutsu is effective against the Rinnegan.  When Jiraiya had them use it in his battle with Pain, it was able to easily overcome 3 paths of Pain.

 When Kabuto in Snake Sage mode used Tayuya's flute sound genjutsu, he was able to immobilize both Sasuke and more notably, a Susanoo-wielding Edo Tensei Itachi.  The pair were only able to escape by using Sharingan genjutsu on each other.

Chapters 622 and 623 hint at a possible weakness of Madara Uchiha.
In Chapter 622, it has been shown that Madara has issues with being too aware of his surroundings, and being easily distracted or have an inability to focus properly. He also has issues with pride, that he carried on until his adulthood.

In Chapter 623, the same possible weaknesses has been shown. He even claimed that he didn't have any weaknesses. [1] [2].

Credits: All images are from Mangastream's scanlations.

They mentioned in the latest chapter that Madara is vulnerable to Taijutsu.  Also, as grasshopper said, his overconfidence causes him to drop your guard when dealing with those he thinks are not able to harm him.

No, they said that only those have a chance to hit (because non-physical attacks are 100% useless), so they can try to hurt me with Taijutsu. Even Gai's Afternoon Tiger's direct hit didn't really hurt me.

Heh, chance to hit = vulnerable.  Agreed that it's not exactly exploitable though, the same way your ego is.

 Currently the only combatants I could see do lasting damage to Madara would be the recently resurrected Hokages. Currently Madara has the following: full control of Hashirama´s cells, Rinnegan, an invulnerable body and an infinite supply of chakra (courtesy of the Edo Tensei), the Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan and the most powerful Katon of all time. Kishimoto has outright said that he has no real weakness. The closest thing to a weakness he may have is Taijutsu, but since it does no lasting damage it´s frankly as useless as everything else one could use against him. Only an intervention from the 1st-4th Hokage could possibly defeat him right now, as he is a cocktail of the 3rd strongest person of all time and all the overpowered abilities in the series.

I know this is not an answer (but couldn't stop writing this), but seeing the question and recent chapter I believe Madara's weakness is:

 Talk No Jutsu .... For your reference


text:
Is it possible to combine all five chakra elements?
The title says it all... but I'll elaborate:

Initially we see techniques derived from a single chakra element (Katon, Doton, Suiton, Fuuton and Raiton). These are the most common, since usually a ninja can master only one chakra nature (since normally ninjas tend to have an affiliation with only one chakra nature)
Later we discover these can be combined in a number of ways, creating new elements (Mokuton=Doton+Suiton, Ranton=Raiton+Suiton, Youton=Katon+Doton, among several others). From what I understand, these are usually transmitted as a Kekkei Genkai. But I believe they can also be created by the combinations of the elements, by ninja who didn't inherit it from other generations (correct me if I'm wrong). These are not uncommon, but less frequent than the ones above (there are ninja who can master and possess affiliation to more than one chakra nature: Sasuke comes to mind, since he can master both Katon and Raiton. Katon is his clan's natural affiliation, and he mastered Raiton too. However, I don't remember if he has ever combined the both of them)
Even later, we find about combinations of even more elements by ninja who can master several elements, such as Muu (Nidaime Tsuchikage) and Oonoki (Sandaime Tsuchikage), who can combine Katon, Doton and Fuuton, to create Jinton. These are called Kekkei Touta. I don't know if they can also be transmitted through Kekkei Genkai, or if they can only be taught. They are even rarer than the ones above, since ninja can rarely master or be naturally affiliated to more than two chakra natures (Terumii Mei the Godaime Mizukage, can also master Doton, Katon and Suiton, but I don't think she ever combines more than two at each time).

My questions are:

Are combinations of chakra natures taught or only transmitted by Kekkei Genkai (or both)?
Are combinations of more than three chakra natures possible?
And the above question created a new one for me: Can a ninja master more than three chakra natures? (I think Kakashi does, but I am not quite sure about this)

Chakra element combination is supposedly a born trait. A shinobi is born with one chakra element, and can master a few more (secondary elements).
However, in some clans, such as the Senju, they were born with two elements, (both Earth and Water), and they could naturally combine them to form the Wood element.
Since we only thought that two element combinations were possible, and we discovered that three were indeed possible, I see no reason why there isn't a possibility for four or more.

 EDIT! Based on the latest manga chapters, it seems as if at least 4 element combination is possible. Although it's an initial estimate and the Third might be wrong about it.

We do have some examples for ninja mastering all five chakra elements, Kakuzu is a great example. He had all five chakra elements, Water, Earth, Fire, Lightning and Wind, in one body (though he did cheat and used 5 different hearts for it). So it is possible. It is also said that those who awaken the Rinnegan can master all six elements (Including the YinYang element).
About mixing them together, since that hasn't happened yet, we can't be sure.
EDIT!

 Six Paths Sage Chakra, which creates the Gudodama is called Kekkei-Mora and was confirmed to be a combination of all 6 elements: Fire, water, earth, lightning, wind and YinYang.

I changed my accepted answer from Alenanno's to this one, because I've been researching and I also came to the conclusion that those that master the Rinnegan can master all six elements of chakra (as explained by Jiraiya in chapter 375, page 11). Considering that the Rikudo Sennin existed (which the Bijuu confirm), this means that there was at least one person who could do this. Considering this, this answer is a better fit than the other one, leaving only the matter of mixing the elements unanswered.

Are combinations of chakra natures taught or only transmitted by Kekkei Genkai (or both)?

I think combinations of Chakra are generally possible only through Kekkei Genkai, even if some can be "passed" by transplantation (e.g. Kakashi and the Sharingan).
Although, there's the issue of Lord Tsuchikage that in the Manga claims his master passed on to him the ability to combine Earth, Wind and Fire. It's not revealed whether they share some blood relation so I'd treat this with a grain of salt.

Are combinations of more than three chakra natures possible?

There is Kekkei Tōta which is a combination of three elements (such as the Dust Release), and this is already classified as advanced, so I guess that for now, they aren't revealed as possible.

And the above question created a new one for me: Can a ninja master more than three chakra natures? (I think Kakashi does, but I am not quite sure about this)

Yes, Kakashi masters four natures but one of them only according to the Anime, and they are:
Douton - Earth;
Suiton - Water;
Raiton - Lightning;
Katon - Fire (only anime).

Kakashi may have mastered so many because the Sharingan gave him insight into how opponents manipulated those chakras - it's a "copy eye", after all.

I think that combinations are Kekkei Genkai, only, as all combinations shown were Kekkai Genkais.
I don't think that combinations of more than three are possible, because then, one nature would block the other (compare Suiton and Katon). Because there are five "base natures", there can't be a combination with more than four natures without blocking one. A ninjutsu with all five would just... do nothing, I guess. As written in the comments (thanks to JNat), it's possible to combine up to 4 elements at a time, if you order them correctly.
Yes, they can. In NARUTO Hiden: Sha no Sho is stated, that shinobi can learn more than two and theoretically up to five natures. However, using them all at once in one attack could be... complicated.

I think Oonoki is not a descendant of Muu, but rather a protégé. This would mean he was taught the Jinton style and did not inherit it genetically. But do correct me if I'm wrong.

@JNat that's right, totally missed that.

BTW, I understand your thought regarding the 'compatibility' of the natures and the blocking of each other. On the other hand, since the natures could be arranged in a circle, only by having two natures would they always be unblocked. When you combine three, at least one of them is blocking another one. Take Jinton: Doton stands unblocking and unblocked, but Katon would be blocking Fuuton. At least I think this is the way it'd go. Maybe, this means that used together they do not block each other, thus making it possible to use all 5 together. No?

Also, Mei is able to combine the Katon and the Suiton to create Futton. The thing is the 'order' in which you apply them: she applies the Katon on top of the Suiton. The other way around it'd block it.

@JNat: Yeah, the combination is vital. I think that a 5 element-combination isn't possible, because all 5 elements can't be combined at a time - There would be 1 blocked elements. If you don't use all elements together, you can 'order' them to make them work together. I'll edit my answer :).

I think that it may be possible to combine the five elements, taking into consideration the order in which you'd do it. You considered that it is not possible for 5 because at least 1 would be blocked. However, if you were to do 2 quick combinations of 2 elements (and leave the 5th out for now), you'd have 2 new elements. Then you'd be able to combine them with the fifth one, and possibly it wouldn't be blocked (since the 'compound' element is not the basic element). Is my thinking right?

It can be right, how should I know? :D However, I think that both elements still have an impact. But that's just my opinion, that's not necessarily right :D.

I know this is a very old question but since I saw a lot of small mistakes and stuff forgotten I have to lay light on them.
My answer contains spoilers from events that take place after the Masked Man's identity was revealed.

The Kekkei Genkai can be passed by teaching if the student has the required chakra nature - for a proof check what Oonoki said about Muu: that he learnt his Jinton from him. So Muu taught him the Jinton since Oonoki already had the required chakra natures.
Another way to have a Kekkei Genkai is through transplantation. Examples of this include Kakashi's Sharingan, Nagato's and Obito's Rinnegan, Danzo's Sharingan, Madara's Wood Style, etc.
It is possible to have more Kekkei Touta since changes in chakra nature have no limits. Actually, each couple of episodes we see some new jutsu from a combination of certain chakra natures, as long as you get creative enough. An example of this are Deidara's Explosion Release: it is, in fact, combined Earth and Lightning releases, but it is also clay that explodes. So we can think about it like this: it is Earth + Water forming clay, then adding Fire or Lightning to create the explosion (but it was already decided what Deidara's Explosions Release is, so we need to get creative, and maybe Water + Fire gives Boil, which when using Lightning with the steam will be filled with electricity, since water is a supporter for lightning).
Some people speculate that no matter how you think about it, with any combination of more than 2 chakra natures, one of them will negate at least one of the others (Earth + Water gives Wood, with Lightning the wood will be destroyed since it's made of earth, so it's weak for lightning; Water + Wind gives Ice, with fire you melt the ice, or combining it with Earth or Lightning it makes no sense).
Personally I think there can be a way around it, so we can have more Kekkei Touta.
No sir, a Shinobi cannot master more than one chakra nature. But they can learn how to use more than one chakra nature — there are limits to what your body as a Shinobi can do, of course.

The Third Hokage, Sarutobi Hiruzen, is able to use the 5 main chakra natures. He uses Yin and Yang too, and that's why he was called the Professor of Konoha, and as I recall the god of Shinobi or the god of Jutsu, for knowing so many chakra natures and every jutsu in Konoha.

Another fact is that Rinnegan users can use all chakra natures and their combinations with no exception, as Madara showed us after gaining the power of the Six Paths: he used the Ranton (Water+ Lightning), and Madara normally only had Fire style. With the Rinnegan, we know, he had all chakra natures and he also used combinations.
Also, Kakashi doesn't use the chakra natures in his 1000 jutsu: he just copies the chakra flow and hand signs to make the jutsu like its owners.
And Kakuzu only uses chakra support system: Water to enhance Lightning, and Wind to enhance Fire. But he doesn't use combinations — Kekkei Genkai — and he only mastered earth style, the others are from different Shinobi.

Since it's very hard to answer if it's possible to mix more than 3 chakra types (I doubt it was stated anywhere in the manga), I'll try to answer the two other parts of the question.
Lets start from the easiest one: Can a ninja master more than three chakra natures?
This depends on what do you mean by "master", but the generic answer, I believe, will be "yes". Kakashi is shown to use 4 elements (earth, fire (only in anime), water and lightning). He didn't use any Wind techniques, but he was able to help Naruto in his training, so he at least knows something about them. Also note that:

he has natural affinity to the Lightning
he has used Water techniques on the level that matched the level of Zabuza, who is a water specialist

So we can say that he is a "master" of at least two elements, and definitely can use another two (he uses fire only in the anime, though). Now, taking that into account, I think it's safe to assume that it is possible to use all the elements. I've also seen opinions in the Internet (unconfirmed, though) that every shinobi can actually learn techniques of every element, but they just chose not to, and only use the element they have natural affinity to. This is a debatable, but interesting opinion.
Now, to the question Are combinations of chakra natures taught or only transmitted by Kekkei Genkai (or both)?
I believe, both. At least three techniques: Jinton, Yōton, and Jiton have more than one user with no apparent blood relations to each other. Also Ōnoki has stated that the secrets of Jinton were passed to him by Mū, so it implies (or at least suggests) that these abilities may not only be transmitted by Kekkei Genkai. So I would say that both of the ways are plausible. However, given the information we have now, it's impossible to be absolutely sure.
sources: one, two, three, four

You must have read the manga up until the last chapter, as this does include very late game information. From manga chapter 695 or something:

 The Sage of Six Paths was capable of mastering all 5 elemental chakras. We got this from the fourth Shinobi war, when Tenten, someone inept at ninjutsu, picked up a Sage of Six Paths tool/fan and was capable of utilising all 5 chakras, which exhausted her very quickly. Secondly, when Naruto was given power by the Sage of Six Paths, the Sage of Six Paths gave Naruto chakra of all the bijuu. Bijuu each having their own nature, e.g. Son Goku's Lava style (Fire + Earth), which means Naruto had mastered all Kekkai Genkai, and if he was capable of using his wind style to make a Lava Rasen Shuriken, I see no reason why it isn't possible to master all 5 natures, as well as the secondary and tertiary, or even quarternary natures.

It is possible to master and use every single chakra type.

I think that if a shinobi can use all of the chakra elements, it doesn't guarantee that you can combine them. All of the answers above are correct in my opinion (we can't assume anything, unless we've seen them, and I'm the "only anime guy", so I have no idea about manga), but if I can speculate, I would answer:
Question 1: Are combinations of chakra natures taught or only transmitted by Kekkei Genkai (or both)?
I think it's by teaching someone (but I won't exclude Kekkei Genkai). Just think about it.
For example, Sasuke can master both Katon and Raiton, from which is (not guaranteed) born the Enton (Blaze Release). We can assume that his affinity is for Fire (Uchiha clan/Hidden Leaf) yet he was able of learning the Lightning style, and he learned all by himself the combination of those ('cause I can't remember seeing someone else from the Uchiha's with that release).
Another example is the Dust Release, which was described about: Ohnoki was taught, and yes, I think he and Mu weren't from the same family, so that's with the teaching.
I won't exclude Kekkei Genkai, because that's something "not uncommon yet powerful" so it can help the ninja.
Question 2: Are combinations of more than three chakra natures possible?
Practically, it's a smaller version of the main question. My answer is: if you can combine 3, you can combine 5. I can't expand the answer for this question, since we haven't seen such high skill combination. The Dust Release is 3, the Boil Release is 2 (but the Fifth Mizukage can use 3 types too).
Question 3: Can a ninja master more than three chakra natures?
Absolutely! Yep, you're right: Kakashi can use at least 4 (Fire, Lightning, Water, Earth) plus some idea about the Wind, but I think that's only because he's got the Sharingan. If he hadn't possess an eye like that, he would know like 2 types. To be honest, the only shinobi I could think of being capable of using at least 3, 4 for sure, don't know about 5, it's: Madara Uchiha. I'm not sure about the lightning style, but he can use the other 4.
I've just remembered, everything was created by the Sage of the Six Path, according to the Narutoverse, therefore he used (and possessed) all of the five natures, that's another fact!!! (I don't know about combining them, sure he was capable of that too)
In the end, I give you a big yes for the question, and I hope that I won't die until the end of this anime (manga). They have such potential and they can achieve far more than I could ever imagine. I am curious what would be the name of the release that includes all of the 5 chakra natures. We should ask Hagoromo Otsutsuki. I'm sure, he knows it :D

In the episode where Kakashi battles Kakuzu, Kakuzu attacks with a massive fire attack. To counter this, Naruto and Yamato combine a water element attack and a wind element attack. They were successful in averting the attack.
Now, the order in which the above mentioned elements come are
water -> fire -> wind -> lightening -> earth -> water.
what we can see here is: water + wind = strong attack and fire + wind = strong attack.
So, can it be assumed that there are some elements that are more like support to the other elements, like in this case wind is the support element to both water and fire.

Note that the "combining" here refers to element fusion (i.e. Water and Ground creates Wood). What Kakuzu used was to mix the Fire and Wind to create an enhanced technique, which was countered by Yamato and Naruto Wind+Water mix. Much like if you take a powder of copper and zinc, you get a mix of the two powders. Melt the two together, and you get brass.

Yes but mostly only by the Uchiha clan like Sasuke, Itachi etc. Because they have the copy wheel eyes (aka sharingan )they can learn all five jitsu by copying and observing them.

There is bloodline limit(Kekkai Genkai) for using chakra elements. Nobody could copy it with Sharingan.


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What happened to people who committed crimes (such as killing) in SAO?
There are many people in SAO who committed crimes (such as doing PK), yet managed to survive until the end of the game. What happened to them after that? Did they go to trial and get sentenced to prison?
If that's the case, what about people (like Kirito) who killed others involuntarily in self-defense? Were they exempted from trial?

From the end of the ALO arc in the novel, where Kirito thinks about his school and the policy to avoid using in-game names:

In this special «school», the students were players who had been in middle or high school before the SAO incident. Those orange players with a serious history of murder were undergoing more than one year of counseling that included treatment and observation. People like me who attacked others for self-defense, were inquired without leaving a criminal record like theft or blackmail.

i think you should put the spoiler mark regarding the school.


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Why didn't Asuna die in real life when she died in the game?
Asuna died near the end of Sword Art Online. However, judging by the rules, why didn't she die in real life? Did Kayaba Akihiko lie about dying in the game?

If you read the light novel, after the battle teleported them to another place just to have a talk with them:

I firmly closed my eyes and allowed my tears to flow before asking:
"...What about those who died? Both of us are already dead, yet we continue to exist here. Doesn't that mean you can return the other four thousand dead to the original world as well?"
Kayaba's expression didn't change. He closed the window, put his hands into his pockets, and then said:
"Life can't be recovered so easily. Their consciousness will never return. The dead will disappear— this fact remains true in every world. I created this place only because I wanted to talk with you two— one last time."

So everyone who died remains dead. Kirito and Asuna didn't die, simply because Kayaba intentionally teleported them somewhere else instead of letting them die.

An important factoid here is that dying in the game doesn't instantly kill you. If it did, the Divine stone of Returning Soul which can revive someone who died in the last 10 seconds wouldn't' work. http://swordartonline.wikia.com/wiki/Nicholas_The_Renegade. So the time it took between Asuna's death and Kayaba's death was not enough time for the system to actually go about killing her, so he had time to save her.

Not quite.

 It's an issue of timing.  She died before the game was cleared, but her death timer didn't expire beforehand.  So, she was eligible to be logged out of the game, much like Kazuto would be.  Her mind was taken to a compatible server in ALFOnline, which is where she's trapped for that arc.

EDIT:  The source for this is Episode 14.

 Both Kirito and Asuna have died, but neither of their death timers have expired.  It stands to reason that, if Kirito is eligible to be logged out despite having died, then so would Asuna.

Asuna didn't die because Kayaba made it so that if Asuna die in game, she wouldn't die in real life, as promised to Kirito before the duel. Just like in episode one, where he made it so that people couldn't log out, and if they died in game they died in real life, he probably disabled this setting for Asuna in the GM console.

Kirito asked Heathcliff (Kayaba) to promise to prevent Asuna from commiting suicide if Kirito were to lose. But when Kirito was about to lose, she jumped in front of him, using her body to shield Kirito from the incoming strike and "killing" herself in the process.
Because Kirito lost after that, technically they are both dead. However, Kirito won after that, and Kayaba agreed to make sure Asuna didn't kill herself, but she did. The only resolution therefore was to keep her alive. As for Kirito, it seems to be that Kayaba wanted him alive to talk.


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The treasure in One Piece is at the end of the Grand Line. But isn't that the same as the beginning?
Assuming the world in the One Piece universe is round, then there is not really a beginning or an end of the Grand Line.
The Straw Hats started out from the first half and are now sailing across the second half.
Wouldn't it have been quicker to set sail in the opposite direction from where they started?

No, there is a reason why they can't.
Basically the New World is beyond the Red Line, but you cannot "walk" on it, or cross it. It's a huge continent, very tall that you cannot go through. You can't cross the Calm Belt either, unless you have some form of locomotion such as the Navy or Boa Hancock.
So the only way is to start from one of the Four Seas, then to go the Reverse Mountain and follow the Grand Line until you reach Raftel, which supposedly is where One Piece is located.

and what about people who can fly ? ?  ? ? ?

We have seen groups such as Germa 66 cross the Red Line and we know the Celestial Dragons live on top of it. No, you can't sail that way but it would actually be possible to get to the end of the Grand Line from anywhere in the world, especially the North Blue and West Blue, not that this makes Raftel any easier to find.

Luffy's dream is to be the Pirate King. By definition in One Piece itself, the Pirate King is someone who most freely wanders in the Grand Line. Surely, finding One Piece is a necessity to become the Pirate King, but is not an enough condition.
Luffy loves adventure by nature. He doesn't want to find One Piece so easily. If he wanted so, he could have asked Rayleigh its location in Sabaody Archipelago arc. When Usopp asked it, he shouted him and asked Usopp to stop asking for it. And he said, if he were to learn its location, or even learns if it existed or not, he would quit being a pirate at that moment.
Luffy simply wants to follow steps of the former Pirate King Gol D. Roger. He want to experience a good adventure. He wants to fight strong opponents. He always chooses the hardest path.
If finding One Piece was his only goal, he could have of course spent his time learning cliff climbing skills instead of wasting his time in the sea. Then he could finally climb that huge wall of Red Line and search for Raftel there.
One more thing to note is that the Location of Raftel is unknown. Even Shirohige didn't know it. Remember that, in a flash-back during the war in Marine Headquarters, Gol D. Roger asks Shirohine if he wants him to tell the location of Raftel.

In addition to Alenanno's answer, it should be pointed out that the location of the One Piece isn't what is important, but the journey is what is important.
If there were such an item as the One Piece located at Raftel, the Marines would have been able to get it already. In episode 315, it was pointed out by Coby that the Marines' ships can cross the Calm Belt, and coming from North or West Blue, they would be able to just go to Raftel without doing the complete journey around the world.
There are also lots of other ways for the World Government or the Marines to reach Raftel (e.g. Kizaru could use his mirrors, Kuzan could build an ice stairs, Fujitora could literally fly over there, ...). So if it were as simple as going to Raftel to get the One Piece, the World Government would have done so already, displaying whatever treasure it would be and trying to end this Great Age of Pirates.

Actually I do not think finding Raftel is as easy as you state. During Whitebeard's flashback, when he is drinking with Gol D. Roger, Roger asks Whitebeard if he wishes to know the way to Raftel... So Roger thinks Whitebeard may have tried to locate Rafter without success? This is Whitebeard we are talking about, and therefore this implies that finding Raftel is no easy feat

For now we know the you have to read the four road porneglyph to get the way to raftel.

I think that the One Piece, being at the end of the Grand Line, simply refers to the fact that to get to the "One Piece", the legendary treasure talked about by the last Pirate King, you will need to travel to the "end" of the seas. In this case, that means traveling through the most remote/dangerous places so that only the worthy can get to it.

Well, if Luffy chose the the easy way, he'd die, because much stronger opponents are trying to get One Piece. Plus, Gold Roger said to go get One Piece, so he must have left a guardian or something. It wouldn't be that easy to become pirate king.

The One Piece is indeed at the end of the grand line but even Big Mom has had trouble finding it. The reason for this is that one cannot find Raftel without being able to read the Poneglyphs, specifically the four red Road Poneglyphs. Each of these leads to an island and the midpoint between those four islands is the location of Raftel. One Road Poneglyph is held by Big Mom, one by Kaido, one is on the moving island of Zao, and one is missing. Thus you can see that someone would have just as much trouble finding One Piece if they crossed the Calm Belt or the Red Line as they would doing things the adventurous way.

As far as i remember Whitebeard said he is not interested into it, so i doubt he put much strength into trying to find it. Besides if i recall right, when Roger offered to tell him about it he simply said he is not interested,

Okay, yeah I seem to have forgotten about that. Thanks for the correction. This, however, does not diminish how difficult the One Piece must be to find. Of all the powerful people in the New World who have looked for it, only Roger was successful.

Yeah, that is true as far as we know, just wanted to point out that Whitebeard was never really looking into it.

Didn't Whitebeard point out to Ruffy that he wanted to make Ace the new pirateking? For this goal he needs to know where raftel is.

First of all, Whitebeard never says this to Luffy, that is the story that the World Government came up. Whether or not it is true is not confirmed or denied by White Beard. But assuming it is true, this does not necessarily mean Whitebeard knows where Raftel is. After all, all the Straw Hats want to make Luffy the new pirate king but they don't know where Raftel is.


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How does the substitution jutsu work?
Almost every character in the Naruto series, from minor character to boss level character, uses this jutsu (Kawarimi no Jutsu).
Ever since I started watching the series, I wanted to know how this technique works. It may look like a Ninjutsu 101 technique in the early parts of the series, but in many of the serious fights later in the series, it seems to fool even the opponents who are well-versed in combat. Is this jutsu based on any real life technique?

Substitution is basically Izanagi without sacrificing your eye. I killed you! No, you actually killed a log!

According to this, it is indeed based on a real-life technique:

This technique is based on a real-life ninja art, kawarimi. It was an
  ancient ninja art revolving around misdirection and the split-second
  timing of a switch between a 'body' and a location, or between two or
  more bodies: A technique utilized by ninja in ancient Japan, involving
  the ninja and anything that can be mistaken for them, (such as a dummy
  or a mannequin).

As you mention, it is used by all levels of characters, because it is one of the basic techniques being taught in the Academy.
Now, for the "it seems to fool even the opponents who are well versed in combat" part. This is also similar to the real word. For example, all boxers use pretty much the same punches, yet some of them are much better than others, meaning they also use those punches better (stronger, faster, etc).
That is why a technique performed by a stronger shinobi would also have a stronger effect, so if the opponents are close in power, they can still use this jutsu to distract each other.

This is why mastering the basics is common advice for most disciplines. :)

I'd like to weigh in on this question with some more info, because the question of how the technique works does not seem to be fully answered to me.
A substitution is actually shown in full in episode 403: Unwavering Gutsiness at around 16 minutes in. Unfortunately, it's not a log substitution, but an insect one. Still, I imagine it's the same for a log. Kiba and his teammates all move away at high speed while the insects take their place and transform into insect clones. Thus, it is as the Naruto wiki states:

The instant before they are to be struck by an attack, the user replaces themselves with a block of wood or something similar. Because the attack does hit something, opponents may briefly believe that they've successfully struck the user. But this is merely an optical illusion and opponents will quickly notice what's happened.

Substitutions are probably also shown at other points in the series or explained. But from this scene, we can see that they aren't using teleportation or summoning jutsu to do the substitution, but rather that they simply move away at high speed and hide, while leaving something to take their place. Using smoke and other sleight-of-hand distractions are helpful in creating the illusion, and we see the smoke a lot in the log substitutions in Naruto.
As stated in SingerOfTheFall's answer, ninja substitution is indeed part of the real world myths of ninjas in Japan, and appears a good deal in their fictional works. Another description of the technique can be found in A Certain Scientific Railgun volume 14, by one of the ninja in the 4-Koma at the end:

"When you sense an incoming attack... You dress a log in your clothing... And it takes the attack for you! The art of substitution! So secret and difficult it's never been seen in battle!"
"That's... Probably because if you're that fast, you have way less complicated options, dummy!"

In fact, all three of the 4-Koma at the end are about logs and substitution, and they kind of lampoon the popularity and ridiculousness of the technique, like the second one where the ninja characters lament the suggestion of just using a 3-D hologram:

["If we had city tech..."]
"I wouldn't need to carry a log around all the time, for starters."
"Or a change of clothes for the log."
"Um, what about... a handy 3-D projector?"
"But... B-But the look on your opponent's face when they realize they've struck a log, of all things!"
"But the log...!"
"The log..."
"Will you forget about the log for a second?!"

Prepare a log or a mannequin and a smoke bomb.
Position yourself where there are a lot of hiding spots or objects that block the enemy's sight.
Throw the smoke bomb, leave the log and start hiding REALLY FAST.


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Which chapter of the manga version of Hyouka corresponds to the last episode of anime?
Is Hyouka manga still ongoing? Which chapter of the manga version of Hyouka corresponds to the last episode of anime?

As of 26 October 2017, the manga consisted of 11 volumes and was still on-going.
Regarding the corresponding chapter to the last episode of the anime (episode 22: "The Hina Doll that Took a Detour"), as of February 2018, the answer is not yet, but possibly will be in volume 12.

As a matter of fact, Hyouka is originally a light novel series. Both the anime and the manga were based on it.
For reference, these are the current 6 volumes of the light novel (from Wikipedia):

Hyōka
Closing Credits of the Fool
The Order of Kudryavka
The Hina Doll that Took a Detour (compilation of short stories)
The Approximation of the Distance of Two
Even Though I'm Told I Now Have Wings (compilation of short stories)

The anime's order (from Japanese Wikipedia):

Episode 1:

Part A: Hyōka (1)
Part B: The Hina Doll that Took a Detour (4)

Episode 2-5: Hyōka (1)
Episode 6-7: The Hina Doll that Took a Detour (4)
Episode 8-11: Closing Credits of the Fool (2)
Episode 11.5 (OVA): anime original story
Episode 12-17: The Order of Kudryavka (3)
Episode 18: Even Though I'm Told I Now Have Wings (6)
Episode 19-22: The Hina Doll that Took a Detour (4)

And for the manga (from Japanese Wikipedia):

Volume 1: Hyōka (1), The Hina Doll that Took a Detour (4)
Volume 2: Hyōka (1), The Hina Doll that Took a Detour (4)
Volume 3: Hyōka (1), The Hina Doll that Took a Detour (4), Closing Credits of the Fool (2)
Volume 4-5: Closing Credits of the Fool (2)
Volume 6: Anime ch. 11.5 (OVA), The Order of Kudryavka (3)
Volume 7-9: The Order of Kudryavka (3)
Volume 10: The Order of Kudryavka (3), Even Though I'm Told I Now Have Wings (6), The Hina Doll that Took a Detour (4)
Volume 11: The Hina Doll that Took a Detour (4)

For comparison, volume 11 consists of:

Chapter 43: Christmas in the Box
Chapter 44: Sappy New Year (1)
Chapter 45: Sappy New Year (2)
Chapter 46: The Homemade Chocolates Case

and the last 4 episodes (from Wikipedia) are:

Episode 19: Anyone Who Knows
Episode 20: Sappy New Year
Episode 21: The Homemade Chocolates Case
Episode 22: The Hina Doll that Took a Detour


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Why did Tokyo Ghoul √A completely deviate from the manga?
The first episode of Tokyo Ghoul √A aired today, and at the end (obvious spoiler), Kaneki went with Aogiri (we don't know why yet). However, I read that in the manga, he did the exact opposite. Instead, he tried to create a group to fight Aogiri. Why did the second season completely deviate from the manga? Was it by the choice of the mangaka or the anime producers?

occasionally the story will be told differently to push sales of each medium - as fans will want to read both endings

Anime deviates from Manga, that happens a lot. Choice is mostly from producers and directors. Reason is as Toshinou Kyouko commented

It's inaccurate to say it completely deviated from the manga. I read the manga first until the end as Tokyo Ghoul aired. Spoilers ahead.

 The season 2 would seem to deviate from the manga because of the "main difference" people constantly point out: Kaneki joined Aogiri in the anime while he created his own group in the manga.

There are two points to note here.
First: Kaneki, both in the manga and anime, looked for the same thing: the strength to protect his comrades.

 In the manga, we later found out he did this through character development and explicitly stating this. In the anime, it was only explicitly stated why he joined Aogiri. It would always be better when in accompaniment with other developments to support this rather than plainly stating it. The anime riddled itself with Kaneki's identity; the manga thoroughly went through his identity mixed with progression of the story.

Second: This makes most sense when taking into account the impressive and risky compression of over 100 chapters into around 20 episodes.

 You will notice differences in the manga and anime, but they always ended up with the same conclusion. The anime makes impressive compression, most especially in the first season, then it started crumbling and destroyed itself by the end of the second season. The anime made thorough emphasis on different things, like Rize's appearance and later crucial catalyst to Kaneki's power & identity. The manga, most of the time, would contribute at a normal pace to the story development and the CCG's side.

In spite of all that, Tokyo Ghoul always wound up with the same conclusion and same point. Fights are compressed to one scene; multiple events occurring at different times are made into one event.
In conclusion, it never mattered at all if Kaneki would join Aogiri (anime-only) or form his own group (manga). This may be my only speculation, but this was a nice move by the director, writer, producer, or anyone who handled it because this meant the manga followers/fans would be baited to watch the second season if there were any developments that would lead to a different ending when it was as close as the manga, except:

 showing Hide flat-out dead in the anime.

I, myself, was caught with the hype after reading the manga with the sudden turn of events at the end of the first season, even though I expected they would use the same formula (minor changes and compression of events to make the same conclusion as in the manga).

Well it's a bit simple because it's a bit like books turned into films and have always a different ending. Possibly,the director of the anime wanted to show the audience how it would be like if kaneki  turned to Aogiri. It is possible doe that the director just didn't want to copy the manga because sometimes it does happen when directors want to put there own ideas into it rather than copying the actual thing.

Do you have any source for what you are saying?

Because season 1 was changed rather dramatically from what it should have been, so when the author (who is on record stating how disappointed they were with the adaptation) took over creative control of writing for the 2nd season, they decided to write it as an original story and try to fix the mess somewhat, so when/if there's a TG:Re anime, manga and anime fans alike will be able to pick it up immediately without having to check the other's material.
Quoted from a translation to Ishida Sui's comment on the anime's 2nd season:

Mikasano-san, who wrote the screenplay, really enjoys the original.
After he reads Ghoul in the magazine, he excitedly shares his thoughts on the chapter over Skype with me, and personally, I really like him.
But being in charge of the screenplay, he was required to edit a lot of the original story for the anime, so I really thought that it was a little ironic that he had to suffer so much in writing.
He’s a really passionate and loveable person.
I think I wrote about 300 pages of storyboards for the 2nd season.
But I can’t be sure of the number because there were a lot of detailed ones, and I reused some for the parts that were the same as the original.
I mostly worked on them around July of 2014.
Of course, this was a project alongside serialization, so writing both a present storyline as well as an “if” storyline set in the past at the same time made my brain feel like it was about to explode; but I learned a lot from the experience.
There were some really interesting parts that couldn’t fit into the anime (like a scene where Ayato and Tsukiyama have a conversation…)
I hope that someday, there will be a chance for everyone to see them.
(But it might be interesting if it never sees the light of day, like the one-shot version of Ghoul…)


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When does The Last: Naruto the Movie take place within Naruto Shippuden anime series and Naruto manga?
I've recently binge watched all of the original Naruto series and have started on Naruto Shippuden (around episode 20 as of now). Recently, I heard that the movie The Last: Naruto the Movie came out. From what I have heard, the movie has spoilers about the end of the manga (like chapter 700), but I'm currently not reading the manga (though I plan on starting).
If I were to watch the movie, when does the movie take place within Naruto Shippuden, if at all? I saw somewhere saying that it took place at around episode 399-400, but I also heard that a series following Shippuden is coming, so I don't know if I should watch Shippuden, then the upcoming series, and then the movie.

The Last: Naruto the Movie takes place two years after the events of the Fourth Shinobi World War, ie two years after Chapter 699.  The last chapter of the manga, Chapter 700, shows events taking place over 10 years after the Fourth Shinobi World War. So the timeline of The Last falls in between chapters 699 and 700. Chronologically, the movie takes place after the Shippuden series.
As for your original question, the current episodes of Naruto:Shippuden series are fillers. So they are not based on the manga and is made specially for the anime.  But removing the filler arc, it is currently at Chapter 662 of Birth of the Ten-Tails' Jinchūriki arc.
For more Naruto related stuff, check out the wikia site.

For those who are reading this post right now, the anime series has reached chapter 683 (Kaguya arc). There are still fillers, but it's now mixed with actual canon episodes.


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Why do the Human-looking Youkai obscure their eyes?
In Natsume's Book of Friends, some of the human-looking Youkai wear masks, or at least obscure their sight. For example:

Tsubame

Hotaru

Hiiragi

Tsuyukami

Sasago

I am wondering if there is a reason for this as none of these Youkai seemed to be affected by their obscured vision. For Tsubame and Hotaru, they are both shown to be able to show their full face. And for Kiiragi, after she was attacked, we can see one of her eyes though her broken mask and there seemed to be nothing wrong with it.

From this article on Japanese masks and their meanings:

In ancient times, masks were used to portray creatures and characters
  during plays and rituals.

It seems that that carried over into manga and anime to represent youkai when in human form, much like the common depiction of a ghost wearing a triangle-shaped bandage on the head.
Noh plays in particular seem to be a common style source for masks worn by human-form youkai characters. Many of the fox, cat and other masks shown at festivals derive from Noh mask style and have been used to represent their respective creatures.
I've seen manga and anime that uses masks depicted in the more traditional style as portrayed in that article (particularly the Hannya and Oni masks), masks that are styled after Noh masks, and simple cloth coverings over the face.
I expect that in Natsume's Book of Friends, it's simply a stylistic choice by Yuki Midorikaw more than anything else to depict youkai in that manner.


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Did Lucy ever recover her consciousness?
In the manga, Kaede ("Lucy/Nyu")

 lost her Lucy consciousness ("bad side" or "little Kaede" side) and kept the Nyu consciousness.

Did she ever recover her Lucy or "real" side?

Before Lucy's body completely melted away and was about to be shot in the head, she went berserk. So it is safe to say that she indeed recovered her evil side. Although on the other hand, we could see her DNA protect Kouta unconsciously, so the memories she made after becoming "Lucy" were real, and despite recovering her true self, she could not forget about those happy memories she had with Kouta and the others.

What's the manga chapter when this occurs?

@LucasHenrique Chapter 106.


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How do they decide if a tank is eliminated or not?
In Sensha-dou, if the tank gets hit and is unable to continue the battle, it will raise a white flag. However, there are some cases when the tank got hit but still no flag raised. Here are some example:

When the Duck Team (volleyball club team) hit St. Gloriana's Matilda tank, they hit it twice on close range but no flag. But when the Hippo Team hit the same type of tank once, that tank got flag.
In OVA, when Ooarai Girls High School fought with Anzio High School, their Carro Veloce got hit several times, but still continued their battle. They just flipped their tank again.
There was several cases when the rack got hit and came loose, but there was no flag and they fixed it right away. (None of their opponents seem to attack their tanks)
Some other cases that I'm aware of probably because of their thick armor like Kuromorimine Girls High School's Mauss

Note: Most tanks only need one hit to raise a flag.

The calculation takes into effect the power of the actual gun of each tank. The Type 89 the volleyball team used has terrible gun that can't even penetrate the ass of a British Matilda. The StuG III Ausf G that the Hippo team uses a gun that has better penetration.
For the Carro Veloce, their reasoning is that the tankettes are only flipped because of their small size and the computer that does the calculating doesn't register it as a penetrating shot.
As for the Maus, it's the same reasoning as question number 1. The Maus has very thick armor and regular hits from Ooarai's tanks will never penetrate.


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Is the weird transition after the fight between Ichigo and Grimmjow deliberate?
I recently got to the episode in the anime where Ichigo fought with Grimmjow in Hueco Mundo after Inoue healed them both.
However, even though the episode ends at the scene where it looked like Ichigo was about to beat Grimmjow, in the next episode, they were back in "the real world" and the events in Hueco Mundo haven't been mentioned for a couple of episodes now.
Is it just me or is this a weird transition in the storyline? Or is there a higher purpose in such transition and it will somehow make sense later?

At that point in the anime they reached the manga storyline so they had to put in several fillers. http://www.animefillerlist.com/shows/bleach here is the complete list of fillers so you can skip them and just go back to the storyline.

alright that's what I was thinking it was. but it seems weird that it's such a hard transition. Like I'm used to fillers that have a transition that makes sense so atleast you know where it comes from and there is a trigger to make them fit within the storyline. This one jus left me like did I skip a bunchload of episodes?

I had the same feeling when I got to that part. And it happens twice. Now you can just skip it but then I had to wait for half a year for it to continue. And for the weird transition part, can you come up with a storyline that fits in that part that also allows you to continue with the original story.

I'm at that point with naruto now. recent episodes are all fillers so it's waiting until they get back to the story line. But for example in naruto they make sure that in the last episode before the fillers someone is talking about it so it makes the fillers look like a flashback. So in a way it makes sense cause it originated from the original story. If that makes sense? lol

I get what you mean. But at least with Bleach they try to make a nice story happen. And with Naruto I got really annoyed with all the stupid little stories.

I agree with that, the setup for both anime are completely different ofcourse. But since this is the 3rd anime I'm watching (after dragonball and naruto) I got confused.

I can understand. If you want to watch an awesome anime with almost no fillers I recommend One Piece.

Let us continue this discussion in chat.