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How old is the snaggletooth trope?
A lot of anime contain characters with a snaggletooth - typically a fang-like tooth that is displayed on its own. I found it odd as snaggleteeth (misaligned teeth) are rarely ever shown in any other media. Here are some examples :

[Lucky Star, Oreimo & Slayers Revolution]
I'd like to know how recent this trope is and why it's used so often - does it serve a specific purpose?
Who was the first character to have a snaggletooth?

The term/trend in Japanese is "yaeba," (八重歯, literally meaning "doubled/multilayered tooth"). It's a genetic trait, a genetic trait said to have originated from Okinawa. It's been around awhile. but the exact origins are hard to pin down. Apparently only in Japan do they see it as a cute trait.

Who was the first character to have a snaggletooth?

I don't have any source for when historically in anime/manga this was used. But the earliest that I can think of is Lum from the Urusei Yatsura manga and that was published in the late 70's. From Chapter 1:

and also seen, for various circumstances, throughout the run of the manga and anime. So it's possible that Rumiko Takahashi may have popularized it. You can see these snaggletooth in a lot of her later work (Inuyasha, Ranma 1/2, etc.)
As for the meaning/purpose, the TV Tropes site has a page for this under "Cute Little Fangs", and this excerpt sums it up pretty well:

Most often, as suggested by the trope name, the character sports enlarged canine teeth. For maximum cuteness, at least one fang will be visible at all times, even when the character's mouth is closed, and especially if they have a Cat Smile. These indicate, generally, that the character is mischievous, slightly hostile, or a trickster, but not actually "bad."

The snaggletooth trope started in the manga GeGeGe no Kitarō, which was first published in 1960, with the first monster-cat girl Neko Musume, making this 6 years older than the magical girl trope and preceding anime by 4 and regular cat-girls by at least two decades.

Its original purpose was to remind you that Neko Musume had a mouth full of dangerous monster-cat fangs that could rip you apart.

To potential downvoters / deleters: Yes, I saw the first version without the name of the manga. Ignore that. This is now a perfectly legitimate answer, and even seems to have topped the accepted answer by finding something older.

Yeah, sorry about that. I can't help but having have different priorities than others. I prefer giving lazy vague answers immediately, then hunt for the oldest example, then edit the post to make it more accurate, rather than giving well thought-out and written answers that trust second-hand sources.

Love the added picture by the way. Great edit Torisuda!

Thanks, I thought it would be nice to see the character since this manga is a bit obscure. As to the practice of putting up placeholder answers, I've seen it done on other Stack Exchange sites where "Fastest Gun in the West" is more of a problem, but it's not really necessary on Anime and Manga. We're pretty sleepy, so you probably won't get scooped unless you're answering Naruto and Dragon Ball Z questions. We've had some good questions sit without answers for months. And our community tends to reward long, obsessively researched answers over short, pithy ones. Anyway, welcome to the site!


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Why are there only 2 (known) parallel universes in Dragon Ball Z?
In the Androids/Cell Saga, when Trunks traveled back in time, he changed history and created a parallel universe.
But Cell also traveled back in time, and apparently arrived before Trunks was and responsible for changes in history, too.
One would think that Trunks would arrive in a parallel universe without a future Cell (in essence, one that was exactly the same as his, up until the point where he arrived.)
Why did Trunks arrive in the same parallel universe as Cell?

I believe Dragon Ball Super asserts there are infinitely many parallel universes.  Exactly how the time machine works is a different matter.

@zibadawatimmy - Actually, Super asserts there are 12 alternate universes.  Alternate timelines are something else.

Alternate Timelines are not strict branches
Parallel universes can often mess with your mind if you're not careful. You need to pay careful attention to both where you are, what are the possibilities, and what has occurred to affect change. DBZ uses the alternate timeline version of time travel, so this means that many universes can exist, shown or not. A diagram will be easiest.
Timeline

There are actually 4 different timelines involved in the Cell/Trunks/Android Saga (excluding ones created/changed by time travel).
Cell to DBZ
The first timeline is one in which the Androids have ravaged the earth, and cause chaos. All of the main heroes have died, and Trunks (I'm calling him Trunks "killed") is left to fend for himself. He travels back in time to an alternate DBZ timeline (one we don't see or know much about, but there is only 1 version of Cell in this timeline) to give Goku the medicine. Presumably, he defeats the androids and/or give Goku the medicine, then travels back to his own timeline. At this point, he (Trunks "killed") is killed by Cell (who is the main Cell in the series), and Cell (main) steals his time machine to travel back in time.
Trunks to DBZ
Cell (main), travels to the known DBZ timeline from the show. He shows up and that process starts. Trunks (the one called Future Trunks often, the one in the show and in History of Trunks) meanwhile, in his own, future timeline (likely related, see below), also travels back in time, also to the current DBZ known timeline, to warn about the Androids. When he arrives, there are 2 Cells in this timeline, the main one, and one that already existed. The one that is native to this timeline (called Present Cell often), is destroyed with the destruction of the lab by Future Trunks, and Krillin.
Loose Ends
Blah, blah, blah. Cell saga continues until Cell (main) is destroyed. At this point, Future Trunks, travels back to his own timeline, and there, already knows about, and destroys the Cell in that timeline (Future Cell). In total, there were:

5 Cells (the forth is never mentioned, but likely grew into a full Cell later in the alternate DBZ timeline; fifth is assuming Future Trunks' timeline is derivative, see below)
4 timelines
2 Trunks from the Future
2 Trunks from the present
2 time machines

The question: Why?
So why did Trunks arrive in the same Universe as Cell? Well, that's easy. He did, and he didn't. He arrived in the timeline we were shown (the main DBZ continuity), but the previous Trunks arrived in one in which the Future Cell had not arrived yet. The theory of alternate timelines often involves time travel on a single thread. That is, Future Trunks' universe likely existed from a timeline branch in which Cell (main) had already arrived. When Future Trunks traveled back in time, he was traveling to his past, which included Cell (main) being there, but none of the events that had been set into motion to lead to his timeline. His presence then altered the timeline to include the events we saw, and to not include the ones that lead to his time.
Basically, if Trunks didn't go back in time, things could have happened in a way which lead to Trunks going back in time, which caused the series of events in which we saw. Simple, right?
What happened to Cell (main) in Future Trunks' timeline?
We don't know. Likely something. But we don't have anything to state what might have happened.

I used Adobe Illustrator to do it. Overkill, but it does the job nicely

There is a much simpler explanation than trying to explain why Cell appeared in Future Trunks timeline in the past, but never emerged/got attention/went completely unknown by Trunks, just so that Future Trunks could travel back and arrive in a past with Cell already existing.  And that is: Cell was the one to travel to a time with an already existing time traveler, not Trunks.
It goes like this, there are 4 timelines (that still holds true) and they will be labeled thusly: Original Timeline, Unseen Past Timeline, Series Timeline, New Future Timeline.
Original Timeline: This is the completely unaltered history.  Goku dies of the Heart Virus, heroes killed by Androids.  Trunks travels into the past (creating the Unseen Timeline) before being killed by Cell.  Cell then travels into the past (creating the Series Timeline).
Unseen Timeline: This is the timeline created by Trunks when he went into the past to warn about the Androids.  Trunks is the only time traveler here, there is no Cell from the future.  We never see this timeline in the series.
Series Timeline: The timeline we see in the series (obviously).  This one is created by Cell when he travels into the past.  Now, I know what you're thinking.  "But Cell went back further than Trunks did so how is Trunks still there?"  Because Trunks' arrival is part of the history of the Unseen Timeline.  Nothing Cell does in the past will prevent Trunks from appearing.  So, Trunks splits along with everyone else, and the entire timeline.
New Future Timeline: The New Future is the final timeline, the one that the Trunks from the Series Timeline inadvertently creates when he returns home.  After warning Goku and the others about the Androids Trunks attempts to return home unaware that he's already done so (in the Unseen Timeline) thus causing the Original Timeline to split and form the New Future Timeline.  The New Future is the history where Trunks knows of, and kills, Cell.

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What happened to all the talking animals in Dragon Ball?
I remember Dragon Ball used to have lots of talking, humanoid foxes and the like. Then suddenly, in Dragon Ball Z, the only talking animals I remember are Oolong and Puar.
Is there any explanation for this or is it just a case of author discontinuing an idea?

For reference.. http://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/2799/where-did-the-dog-people-come-from

There are still talking animals in Dragon Ball Z, in the episode Plight of the children, the police officer is an animal, and some of the children are too.
Also, near the end of the Cell Saga, you had a cut to the King of the Earth (a dog), commenting on how much adult Goku, looked like the child Goku who killed King Piccolo.

But the number of talking animals did indeed get reduced.
It kinda goes with the direction Dragon Ball was taking.  It was moving away from being a fanciful, light-hearted comedy to a more serious fighting shonen, and the talking animals fit less and less to the story.

Which is sad, because the talking animal people in Dragon Ball were awesome.

In Dragon Ball, 17%  of the population of earth are animals. Even the king of earth is a blue dog. The reason they stopped showing them is because DBZ was mainly set in places like the South City and Ginger Town. Those were mainly populated by humans because animals are only found in the more city-like places, like the West City (That's where the World Tournament takes place and where Capsule Corp is).

Where did you get taht 17% figure?

Akira toriama hade an interview and it was said also it was calculated by the people who helped make it and its on Wikipedia

Put a link to the wikipedia page and I'll give you meaningless virtual points.

Well, look at that, I found it: http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Animal#Overview

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Why did Frieza need the second transformation?
When Frieza transformed the first time, he said his fighting power in that transformed state was one million. But when Piccolo comes to fight Frieza, after a little while, Frieza undergoes his second transformation. What was the reason?

Was Frieza bluffing when he said his fighting power in that transformed state was one million?
Did Piccolo become really very strong after his fusion with Neil that his fighting power reached to a level comparable to Frieza?
Was Frieza afraid of losing, as a result of which he thought transforming would be a good option?

And then, after a few episodes, Frieza undergoes another transformation after seeing the amount of power Gohan had. So did Frieza start to panic out?

Because Piccolo's power level was higher than his, as stated in the Dragon Ball Wikia -

Thanks to his fusion with Nail, his power is slightly higher than that
  of Frieza's.Through much of the battle, Piccolo has the upper hand, but Frieza transforms again into his third stage, earning yet another power increase.

Frieza is not the type of evil overlord who likes to eradicate life forms behind a desk, he's the guy who wants to watch the agony in a filthy monkey's eyes before he sucks the life from them, or to make them watch while he kills their family/species. No doubt thanks to countless years being far superior than anyone who could ever challenge him, Frieza had become comparable to a cat playing with a mouse. That said, when he goes up against an opponent, he knows they cannot beat him, and that they are determined to do anything to stop him with the same bravado as always.
He likely created all of these transformations so he could fight an opponent on equal grounds, build their confidence that they will "save their race" or "avenge their leader", blah blah blah, until he transforms into the next powerful level and drains all hope from the enemy before dropping them to their knees, thus it was not him "panicking" but just playing his little Frieza game.
This psyche control is super effective against someone like Vegeta, who can lose his temper at the slightest taunt against his pride. Without this control over Vegeta's emotions, Frieza surely would have fallen long before. Then he met Goku, the ape with the strength of a Saiyan, and the sense of humor of a human. He tried these games and after every power-up, Goku increased his strength to match. Because Goku didn't understand any of the politics or the crap around the empire of lord Frieza, he was immune to these taunts, and he has never been afraid, especially of a superior enemy. This is how Frieza's mind games played against himself and led to his own demise.
So to answer your questions:

It's very unlikely that Frieza was bluffing, but I don't have a scouter so I can't say for sure.
Yes, through intense training and his fusion with Neil, Piccolo was totally matched if not stronger than Frieza's current state.
Not afraid, but in fact, he decided that it was about time to crush the hopes of his enemy and put an end to it.

And the overall question
Why did Frieza need the second transformation?
Because it gets boring being the evil overlord of the universe, so he created downward, not upward, all the transformations to play with his prey before biting out its throat.

Piccolo had powered up considerably under King Kai's training, and yes, fusing with Nail did power him up a whole lot.
Piccolo/Nail was fighting on more or less equal ground with Frieza, but that was too close for Frieza, so Frieza transformed again.

But I haven't read it anywhere explicitly. Could you provide an authentic source for the same?

As per http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Frieza_Saga , your statement looks wrong.


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What is the song that Drocell sings?
In Kuroshitsuji, they often sing a song that ends on "my fair lady," see here.
It sounded really familiar to a song that I've heard before in several other languages, but I can't find the name or the origin of this song.
What is the name of this song?

That song is the nursery rhyme "London Bridge is Falling Down," or simply "My Fair Lady."
This version that is sung seems to be a variation on the one quoted by Iona and Peter Opie in 1951.

London ba shi o chi ru, o chi ru, o chi ru
  London ba shi o chi ru, My Fair Lady
  (London Bridge is falling down / Falling down, Falling down. / London Bridge is falling down / My fair lady.)
Tetsu to hagane de tsukure, tsukure, tsukure.
  Tetsu to hagane de tsukure, My Fair Lady
  (Build it up with iron and steel, / Iron and steel, iron and steel, / Build it up with iron and steel, / My fair lady.)
Tetsu to hagane ja magaru, magaru, magaru.
  Tetsu to hagane ja magaru, My Fair Lady
  (Iron and steel will bend and bow, / Bend and bow, bend and bow, / Iron and steel will bend and bow, / My fair lady.)
Kin to gin de tsukure, tsukure, tsukure.
  Kin to gin de tsukure, My Fair Lady
  (Build it up with silver and gold, / Silver and gold, silver and gold, / Build it up with silver and gold, / My fair lady.)
Kin to gin ja nusumareru, nusumareru, nusumareru.
  Kin to gin ja nusumareru, My Fair Lady
  (Silver and gold will be stolen away, / Stolen away, stolen away, / Silver and gold will be stolen away, / My fair lady.)
Rou to ishi de tsukure, tsukure, tsukure.
  Rou to ishi de tsukure, My Fair Lady.
  (Build it up with bricks and mortar, / Bricks and mortar, bricks and mortar, / Build it up with bricks and mortar, / My fair lady.)
Rou to ishi ja kuchihateru, kuchihateru, kuchihateru.
  Rou to ishi ja kuchihateru, My Fair Lady.
  (Bricks and mortar will not stay, / Will not stay, will not stay, / Bricks and mortar will not stay, / My fair lady.)


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How much broadcast time did it take for Planet Namek to blow up?
In Dragon Ball Z, during Goku's fight with Frieza, Frieza decides to destroy the planet Namek. However he fails to do so, but he claims that the planet will blow up in 5 minutes, at the most, but several episodes later, the two are still seen fighting.
Exactly how much broadcast time (real time) elapsed before the planet actually blew up?
I am looking for the total broadcast time (NOT the time passed in-universe) it took for planet Namek to explode.
Excluding:

OP and ED theme time
Commercials
Events happening concurrently with the Frieza battle

But including:

Fillers (the concurrent event rule applies here as well)

Starting from:

When Frieza says that it will take five minutes

Ending when:

The planet actually blows up

I haven't seen the scene, but I know that sometimes simultaneous scenes are shown (i.e. fighting in place A will be shown and then talking that happened at the same time will be shown). Do you want all the simultaneous scenes included separately?

5 Namekian minutes could be a way more then 5 earth minutes.

If it would help someone find the answer, this video on youtube which merges multiple episodes of Dragon Ball Z in order to get the full fight between Goku and Frieza into a single video has the 5 minute counter start at 2:38:50. The total time for the video is 4:13:45. So the total elapsed time to that point where Frieza is dead is 1 hour 24 minutes and 55 seconds. However, this is not the actual destruction of Namek.

The fights are actually happening a lot faster than they appear to be, and also, Talking is a free action

Interestingly enough, the TVTropes link I linked in the comments had the answer

Taken to insanity during Goku's fight with Freeza. Freeza destroys the
  core and gives the planet five minutes until implosion. Ten episodes
  (approximately three hours of screentime for each of the scenes that
  are playing out simultaneously) and over three hundred lines of dialog
  for the two fighters later the planet finally collapses.

So there you go.

10 episodes
3 hours (roughly)
100 lines of dialog

although, apparently it was

Lampshaded snarkily in the dub. With ten episodes to go, Frieza has a
  line to the effect that the planet is "a tough one... it'll probably
  last another two minutes."

+1 for actually finding an article that cites the approximate time. Far larger than most estimates though.

I checked the episode lists and the events should happen between episode 97 to 107, a 10 episode span. So the 3 hour approximation seems reasonable given 20 minutes per episode. The counter should begin towards the end of episode 97 and end around the beginning of episode 107, but I don't have access to the episodes to confirm this.

it was the longest 5 minutes in all of the history

+1 Other then the fact that the quote you posted says three hundred lines of dialog though, instead of just 100...


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What is the purpose of the bands that Raditz wears on his left arm and leg?
In Dragon Ball Z, Raditz is always seen wearing a red accessory band  both on his left arm and his left thigh. What are those for?

I don't think there was ever a reason given, any answer you get will probably be speculative.

AFAIK, there is (unfortunately) no official concensus on this matter. That aside, logic and speculation do help fill in some of the blanks.
Probable Answer(s)

They're meant for training/fighting. - According to WiseGeek, bicep bands can be worn around the arm of someone doing physical activities to catch and absorb sweat. There has been rumors of how they keep constant pressure on tendons and thus would help keep in intact with the bone, thus preventing serious conditions such as tendonitis. Recent research, as the resource above states, has generally concluded against this, but during the time of Dragonball's production late 80's/early 90's, this would not have been known. Generally bands are not worn on the thigh, as he does, but again, since research had not been conducted, the writer may have just assumed it would have similar effects.
In addition to the this assumption, we could slightly speculate and say that they are similar technology, but enhanced in a way greater than our own world's limitations, but serve essentially the same purpose.

Speculative Answer(s)

They are a symbol used by Saiyan Warriors - The fan base enjoys looking for symbolism, and this is no exception. Many assume it indicates rank, or family. This assumption doesn't have much foundation though, since few, if any,  other Saiyan warriors are shown to use them.

Most likely they're just decoration, designed to enhance his appearance. I doubt Toriyama thought this out very deeply. :)

That is really nice answer.


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Why are Son Gohan and Son Goten so strong?
Why is Son Gohan always so strong?
I mean Son Goku trains all day long, but Gohan studies all day long. So how did he manage to be so strong when Cell or Buu arrived? I mean, both started training when they were kids?
Is it same with Son Goten? I mean Fusion SS3 at this young age, this is quite strong.

Because Piccolo is one badass trainer.

Gohan by birth had a lot of dormat power. He trained with Piccolo and awakened some, but he did not awaken it fully. He awakens it twice - once in the cell games and goes to SSJ2 and the second in the Boo saga, where the Mighty Kai awakens his dormant power completely. Even though he's no in the SSJ mode, his power is equivalent to a fully transformed SSJ2.

I think it is for relevancy. If you take Goku, Gohan, and Goten when they are children, for some unexplained reason, Goten is able to achieve Super Saiyan without any real training. Gohan is able to achieve Super Saiyan after long amounts of training in the time chamber. And Goku was just nowhere near that level at all when he was a child. The only reason I can think of is to make the characters Gohan and Goten relevant to the storyline.

Not sure which episodes, but it is explained a few times that each generation of saiyans grows stronger than the previous generation. This is the reason why Frieza feared them as they will eventually get stronger than him. This means if both Goku and Gohan didn't train and were the same age, Gohan would be naturally stronger.  It's the reason Gohan tends to catch up quicker in power levels since he is more naturally gifted.
It is also interesting to note Vegeta is from a more genetically gifted line (royalty was the strongest saiyans) so he would be naturally more powerful than Goku if all conditions were same.  Vegeta also points out to Gohan in buu saga that he has been neglecting his training so he was able to catch up to Gohan's power level when he defeated cell. Goku like you pointed out just trains like a beast even when he is dead so he tends to eventually surpass everyone.

If you had seen the seasons completely, there is an episode (I think it was in the Namek saga) where Vegeta looks at Goku and thinks to himself that the reason to Goku's true inner strength is due to an Earthling family. I think it is implied that such children are also far stronger than pure Saiyans.
I am relating these bits of information and would say that children born with Earthling side are able to access their powers without much effort.

Except later in the Buu saga he laments that he remains weaker than Goku, even though he now has a family of his own to love and protect. He simply concedes that Goku has the greater innate talent. There's some scene in the latest movie suggesting Vegeta did, for a moment, become the strongest for the sake of his family. So take that as you will. The hybrid strength thing is something I also recall, and is a real life phenomenon. I think there is a manga page with Vegeta and Nappa considering using humans for warrior breeding stock, but rejecting it because they didn't want runts besting them.

According to Vegita, it probably is because mixing saiyan and human blood makes stronger hybrids
Vegeta: “At any rate, the battle power of Kakarot’s son is unusually high,
even by the standards of Saiyan children.”
Nappa: “Maybe his reading was wrong.”
Vegeta: “No, it wasn’t wrong. Raditz really took a large amount of damage from that brat’s
attack. It seems that mixing Saiyan and Earthling blood begets a powerful hybrid.”

Gohan's hidden power was talked about from almost the very first episode of Dragon Ball Z until nearly the very end. As far as he goes, his strength comes from the fact that he was thrown into fighting life and death battles when he was just 4 with the arrival of Raditz and his training under Piccolo. Just look at his resume: Raditz, the Saiyans, Frieza and all his minions, and then Cell. I stop at Cell because that was the last time he seriously trained for any sustained amount of time. But even after that, he stopped training for 7 years and his power decreased to the point where he was "only" a little stronger than Perfect Cell. During the Buu saga, the Old Kaioshin just unlocked the rest of his dormant power. So with all he experienced when he was a kid, it's only natural that he'd be a formidable fighter regardless of how much he's let himself go.
As far as Goten goes, he was being trained by Chichi. She might not be very powerful herself compared to the Z fighters, but she's certainly the strongest female in the world aside from 18. Her training methods were never really discussed but from the one flashback of her sparring with Goten, we can see that she was going pretty hard on him so it wouldn't be too far fetched to think that she'd be able to make him powerful. Like Gohan, he has the hidden power, so it's just a matter of training. The main difference is that Chichi allows Goten to train whereas Gohan had to either sneak off for that or there had to be something threatening Earth.
Sorry for the long explanation but I hope that helps.

Goku is the main character in the anime, he dies many times be he is brought back because where would the franchise be without him? Take this as an example, the episode of dragon ball when he leaned kamehamheha his first try. He always was the strongest and his children are because they train with their already stronger parents who face stronger opponents later on. This makes it all relevant.


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Who invented the Rasengan: Jiraiya or Minato?
Was it Minato who invented the Rasengan, or was it Jiraya? All I know is that Jiraiya taught Naruto the Rasengan. Who is the original creator?

The Rasengan is an A-rank technique created by the Fourth Hokage, Minato Namikaze, by observing the Tailed Beast Ball. Minato spent three years developing the Rasengan.

Jiraiya taught Naruto how to create and use Rasengan.

It was Minato. The Fourth Hokage invented in from seeing the Bijuu-dama. Jiraiya learned it from Minato and then taught Naruto about it. See Rasengan article on Naruto Wiki.
Edit: While it wasn't mentioned which Bijuu Minato based his Rasengan from, it is presumably the Kyuubi as the Kyuubi was the only Bijuu in possession of Konoha at that time and the Jinchuuriki is his wife.

the question is which biju Minato see using bijuudama ?

OP didn't ask that. But I'll add it to the answer.

No, it wasn't Minato or Jiraiya who invented Rasengan. If you watch Naruto from the beginning to the last (Naruto Shippuden), Rasengan was made by Ashura, one of Hagoromo's sons. It means Rasengan has been invented a long time ago, even before Minato was born.

Note that Minato didn't learn it from Ashura (I'm not sure if he even knows that Ashura existed), but rather developed it independently. So I would say they both invented it, but one of them just happened to invent it first. Related: the invention of calculus and Stigler's law of eponymy.

It is true Ashura made the first Rasengan, but as far as who did it first between Jiraiya or Minato, Jiraiya did tell Naruto that the 4th Hokage invented it.
There's an episode, I believe 33 of season 1 Shippuden, showing that Jiraiya mastered that jutsu in way less time.

Do you know what chapter or episode stated Ashura made the first Rasengan?

The true inventer is Ashura.  Yes, Minato worked so hard to make it but he was sadly not the person who invented it.  Around episodes 400-500 there is an episode where Ashura and Indra fight; Indra has the full Susanoo and Ashura has the Truth Seeker Orbs.  After about 7 minutes, Ashura makes a Rasangan with like 4-5 mini Rasangans in it.  So the part that Minato "invented" it is false, he just happens to have revived a really old ninjutsu.  So in his way he "invented" it.

did you actually read the other answer in this post, before answering your own.

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What music was Kousei playing in the first episode?
Right after the OP on the first episode, 11 year-old Kousei is shown playing the piano.

What music is he playing? Is this an existing music, or was it something made for the series?

Thanks to this MAL post I just found out it's Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor "Quasi una fantasia", popularly known as the Moonlight Sonata's third and last movement, Presto Agitato.
Here's a video of the music, played by Wilhelm Kempff.
And here another video by one Brandon Ethridge, filmed from the top. This ones makes it look - at least for me - like the animation was done accurately (or at least the progression of the right hand along the keyboard in the animation intends to suggest a minimum of accuracy).

Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata, 3rd movement.

@JNat Beat me to it :P

Moonlight Sonata - Third Movement.

This doesn't add anything more to the post that the previous answers haven't already mentioned. Fleshing your answer out with extra description or links will help, most single line answers are deleted


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Which of Usopp's lies have not come true?
A running gag in One Piece is that Usopp's lies eventually turn out to be true (with some minor modifications such as his age). For instance, he discovered giant goldfish, pirates came (though they don't find out), and the existence of an island of dwarves. I fully expect every significant lie he says from the beginning of the story to come true in some (likely absurd) way at some point in the story.
I want to know the lies which are yet to come true. Currently, I am only aware that he lied about a medicine that can cure any disease. His claims to be captain could potentially count, but he has been acknowledged by the title "Captain Usopp".
What other lies are left that have not yet come true?

None, you got that all right. There's a Korean website that I just checked for you, and the person who has studied One Piece the whole time said that those are the ones that are yet to come. --- Source: Daum Cafe BBS (Korean, post already deleted)

Potential other lies:  Ussop is related to Norland, the existance of sniper island, and he can wield a 5Ton Hammer.

I'm using the YouTube link (note: already taken down) OP provided in one of the comments to answer this question.
Basically, the lies that haven't come true according to this video are:

(Conqueror's) Haki
Having 8000 followers
Medicine that cures all diseases
Brave warrior of the sea
King Usopp from hell
Beating ten giant shadows
Assisting in bringing down a bombman
Descendant of Noland
Being born on Sniper Island

Personally, I believe three of them have been verified in recent chapters though.

 - Haki could be considered as truth as he indeed unlocked (Observation) Haki and he will most likely not discover Conqueror's Haki.
 - Law's DF could be considered the medicine that cures all diseases as he could cure fatal diseases such as lead poisoning and could even cure the terminal illness called death.
 - Assisting in bringing down a bombman is probably referring to the fact that he sniped Sugar the second time, bringing down the giant toys that were aiding.

For completeness, here are the lies that have been confirmed according to the same video:

Pirates came to Syrup village (Black Cat Pirates)
Saved a whale from North Blue (Laboon)
Fought a huge goldfish with poop as large as islands (The goldfish at Little Garden killed by Brogy and Dorry. The same goldfish had pooped the island called Nanimonai)
"Honestly, I know I'm a man among men, but you can't fall in love with me, girl. Not my fault if you get burned." (Basically what Sanji told the Okama)
A big condor, flying through the skies (The big condors Chopper met during the time-skip. Usopp rode one during the reunion)
Abominable snowman (Rock and Scotch, the Yeti Cool brothers)
A beautiful female swordmaster who brought a lot of meat (Rebecca buying Luffy three bentos at the Colosseum)
A huge mole inside the mansion (Miss Merry Christmas from Baroque Works)
During the Syrup Village arc, they pretend to chase "Cerberus", while chasing a regular dog (Usopp met a real Cerberus at Thriller Bark)
They also pretend to capture a dragon (The Straw Hat Pirates actually capture (eat) a dragon on Punk Hazard)
Country of dwarves (Tontatta country)
Legendary hero Usoland (God Usopp)

Doesn't "God Usopp" command ~8000 followers to destroy the factory behind him? (perhaps if you include the Tontattas in the count as well)

@user2813274 Well they all turned on him after he got his 500 mio bounty though. So during that one chapter it could be considered true, but I left it out cos I believr thr Straw Hat divisions are about to be formed after this arc ends and then he will truly have many loyal followers.

This isn't relevant anymore but Ussop makes a "snow queen" (beautiful snow woman) all they way back in Whiskey Peak which comes true in Punk Hazard.

Usopp will soon command 8,000 followers considering that after Dreadrossa Arc they got 5,000+ new allies under their wing and as the story continues more will be added.

Assisting in bringing down a bombman. That was Mr. 6 or 5, I believe. He clearly destroyed them on Little Garden.

Beating ten giant shadows.
This can count as beating some of the angels from Skypia since their shadows were 'giant shadows'. So, by beating them up in Skypia, he beat the shadows.

There is one more lie. Ussop said "First, for the giant cat, I used a cattail plant" back in episode 9, 22:12. This kinda happened later on in ep 765, where he stands beside Robin who uses a cattail plant to calm Nekomamushi.

What about the bombman from Crocodile Crew?

This lie has turned to truth - "Assisting in bringing down a bombman." On Little Garden, when Zoro, Nami, and Vivi were stuck in the candle, he fought against Mr.5 and Miss Valentine (Mr.5 is a bombman, he said so himself on Whisky Peak) and won by freeing Zoro so he could beat Mr.5.

I remember one during the Thriller Bark arc. Where he tries to wake Luffy, Zoro and Sanji up by yelling that there is a beautiful lady swordsman with a ton of meat.
I think that one would be good to see if it comes true.

I'm not sure about this one - after all, in Dressrosa, Rebecca feeds Luffy... (and I'm anticipating a feast in a few more episodes)

I don't really know what a significant lie is either but I think this might count as one as long as it was in the manga.  Thank you!  Now it could easily come true with Tashigi or Rebecca but i've not seen them with meat yet in the anime (I don't know what Rebecca fed Luffy).

The bento rebecca bought Luffy most likely contained meat. Luffy wouldn't be scuffing down free samples of vegetables.


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What order should I watch Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions in?
I would like to watch Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions, but I'm not sure where to start.
What is the watching order of the series?

-1: you can find information about the names of the various anime adaptations on the Wikipedia page. Moreover Crunchyroll's page for either season states whether it is season 1 or 2, and gives a link to the other season.

First Season: Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions!
Second Season: Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions! -Heart Throb-
Side Story Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions! Ren Lite (ONA)
Start with season 1.

While we're here, there's also a series of "Lite" shorts for the first season and a recap movie that should be watched between seasons 1 and 2.


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Who are the twins in Episode 1 of Durarara!!x2 Shou?
At first, I didn't notice this part because I was too focused on Celty and Shinra's "lovey-dovey upgrade", until my friend told me about this part...
They are making something weird, or should we call it a weapon - right there on the table?
What I want to ask is, are they assassins? Or do they have another identity besides being obsessed with Yuhei-sama ?

They're Orihara Izaya's little sisters,
 Mairu and
Kukuri
They appeared in the special in the first season.

To add: specifically, in the second of the two specials, i.e. "episode 25".

If you're super-observant, you can actually spot Kururi and Mairu as early as episode 8 of the first season. They appear in the background of one shot (at right).

They aren't introduced by name, but an enterprising Japanese-reading person who recognizes Kitamura Eri's voice could take a look at the end credits and spot their names there.

It sounds to me like Mairu is just saying "Yuuhei-san" repeatedly (lol foreshadowing), but I guess Kururi must have a line that I'm not catching, too (Simon is speaking over them), since Kanemoto Hisako is credited as her in this episode.


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Why is Hashirama hailed as the most powerful shinobi of all time?
Why is Hashirama hailed as the most powerful shinobi of all time and there hasn't been anyone who can surpass him? Also, why is the Wood Style unique to him?

Could you quote from where did you get this point that the strongest shinobi is Hashirama. For wood style read this

This may interest you then Strongest Hokage

There is more to it than this but the main reason he was considered the strongest was that his Wood Style allowed him to control the Tailed Beasts.  Before he did this there was no Jinchuuriki System.  The system only came after he passed them out to other Nations in good faith.  He potentially had all the Nine fighting for him at one point along with his own abilities.
I think Wood Release was basically a Blood Release version of Senjutsu which could explain a lot of the shared attributes between the two (like extra damage, rapid healing, growing nature, etc) and was so overpowered. Imagine someone having access to massive nature chakra reserves at all time.
I wish they explained Wood Style more and why the release was only unique to him and not his whole family (since it is considered a Kekkei Genkai).

"He potentially had all Nine fighting for him at one point along with his own abilities."
Is this based on manga or shippuden? I never seen or read about this before. Would love to see it.

Manga not sure where Anime is at but I would guess eventually Anime.  Read his abilities then the plot line but you might spoil it if you're not up to date.  You have to fill in the line but he can control them and he had all of them to give out at one point.  http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Hashirama_Senju

The reason that Hashirama is the only shinobi to don the wood release is purely due to genetics and that alone. Don't quote me exactly on this, however there is a 0.0000001% change of genetically developing mokuton and Yamato was lucky enough to get it through experimentation.
As for why he's considered the strongest, I'd assume it's due to the nature of the wood release, it's classed as a kekkei genkei and is extremely rare, it can suppress the tailed beasts (as shown in episodes such as Naruto's training with Yamato and Kakashi), however it's not just that alone, I'd assume it's also due to his good nature, his determination and the sheer fact he genuinely worked extremely hard to get to the position he was in.

I had completely forgotten about that! Well pointed out.


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What happened to Launch?
Early in the Dragon Ball series, Goku and Krillin rescue a chick named Launch who could switch personalities by sneezing. What happened to her? They don't give any mention about her in Dragon Ball Z or GT, and she seems to have just disappeared in Dragon Ball.

Actually, she does appear in Dragon Ball Z (Vegeta Saga and Kid Buu Saga) and also later in Yo! Son Goku and His Friends Return!!

Really? I guess I may have missed it. Then again, I moreso read Dragon Ball Z then watched it, so she may have popped up as filler at one point that wouldn't normally be in the manga.

According to the DragonBall wikia and TvTropes, Akira Toriyama gave a statement saying that  the reason Lunch stopped appearing during Dragon Ball Z was because he simply forgot about her and that her bad state would have caused confusion because of its similarity to the Super Saiyan transformation.
She does appear three times in Dragonball Z's anime - most prominently at the beginning of the Vegeta Saga - although she mainly appears in filler or flashbacks. In the manga she doesn't seem to be there at all.
The original source of the interview seemingly in the March 24th 2013 edition of Mandō Kobayashi.

poor launch . .


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Has there been a woman that Sanji did not get attracted to?
As far as I have read One Piece, Sanji has not met any woman yet that he did not get attracted to (except okamas, old women and young girls).
My question is, were all middle-aged women in the series supposed to be beautiful? Or does everyone look beautiful to Sanji?

What about Lola from Thriller Bark Arc? She's a middle-aged woman.

crocodile (actually did he meet him?)

@kaine Are you saying that Crocodile is a woman?

@oshino_shinobu yes but it Is a merely joke about a common fsn theory.   It isnt likely at all.

I think its kokoro from water 7

There are women Sanji has met who he hasn't been attracted to, like Kokoro, Lola and Shakuyaku. I believe he's more into young women and young girls, and although he does respect older women, he doesn't swoon over them.

^ This. He wanted to die after seeing Kokoro undress, but he would have never ever lay a hand on her if they were to fight.

old women (aka Kokoro) were explicitly excluded by OP.  Can you confirm Sanji met Lola?  I thought of her but couldn't remember him meeting her.

I don't recall them talking personally, but I do recall Sanji being in the group when Luffy and co. first met Lola in the woods. And even if I recall incorrectly, all the Straw Hats at the very least met her when they had that party at the end of the arc. Sanji had absolutely no reaction to her (At least none that I remember), which would have not been the case had Lola been a beautiful young woman.


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Where is Sanji in this currently ongoing Dressrosa fight?
Sanji appeared in the starting of the Dressrosa arc and fought with Doflamingo for a short span.
However, I haven't seen him in any of the ongoing Dressrosa fights (I mean he should have been there to defeat the executives or family of Doflamingo).
Or have I missed something in between?

I don't remember where they went but Sanji and others went ahead somewhere before dressora fight

Sanji is probably having some tea with Big Mom in Zou, since her daughter is indebted to the straw hats after Triller Bark

what?? daugther indebted to the straw hats?? can you give link manga link supporting to this ?

In chapter 489 it was inclined that Lola was referring to Big Mom. The fact that Lola came from the new world, with her mama being an awesome pirate there, most people believe she was referring to Big Mom herself.

ohh don't remember this chapter..but yeah there are doubts about lola's mom... lets wait for few more chapters.. thanks @PeterRaeves

Also the fact that Lola calls nami "NamiZou" might be a reference that she came from Zou.

@PeterRaeves Didn't she call her NamiZOU because she thought Nami was a guy?

Right now Sanji is amidst the fight with the Big Mom Pirates along with Nami, Chopper, Brook, and Kinemon's son Momonosuke. Then they were heading to where the Trafalgar's nakama were supposed to meet at Zou. Big Mom's pirates were after Caesar which was alsp with them. He was requested by Franky not to allow those Big Mom Pirates close to Dressrosa or else the Tontattas' efforts will be wasted (it doesn't seems to be logical enough to me though) and Sanji was granted the permission to annihilate Big Mom Pirates as Luffy has already challenged her. Here is the link showing Sanji group leaving for Zou.
I guess in the background the fight is still going on.
Edits and Updates:
This answer has heavy spoilers. Otakus who don't read manga are advised not to read the spoiler...

  The manga has completed the Dressrosa arc! And then in Chapter 795, it appears that Sanji and his team has left the Big Mom Pirates, as shown:   And from the background of the manga it appears they have already reached Zou. They escaped from Big Mom Pirates maybe because they (Big Mom Pirates) would’ve proved too much for Sanji and others. (It's an assumption. Nothing is specified canonically).

 Then in Chapter 801 the raise in the Bounty of the Straw Hat crew specified that Sanji was wanted alive!:   which may imply Sanji is an important personnel that the government needs!

 Now the latest Chapter 806 says Sanji is not present at Zou but in some trouble! Here:   Since Oda-Sensei is known for his cliff-hangers, this last page determines that Sanji was somehow overpowered and taken ALIVE. The Jack Pirate is strongly suspected to have taken Sanji! He might have taken Sanji for some personal gains from the Marines or to become a Shichibukai (like how Trafalgar Law did as mentioned in 6th line of 7th paragraph) since Doflamingo is no more a Shichibukai and a seat is vacant! These are just my HYPOTHESIS and where Sanji might currently be can only be declared by Oda-Sensei in the next few upcoming chapters!

Well your answer seems convincing

Currently in the manga the strawhats and samurai have reached zou but have yet to actually meet up with them. Though there are several allusions that sanji is already on zou after they split up in Dressrosa. However, the battle with big mom and how that turned out is still a mystery until Oda puts out more cannon

Maybe SANJI was beaten by jack's men or some sort of strong guys and bring him to marijois since there's a rumor that sanji is a son of one of those gorosei. wanted list says sanji should be taken only alive and in chapter 806  think nami's tears and sorry is meant for sanji's loss.

Just read chapter 806, Yeah the last part Nami saying sorry does create some suspense but I have a doubt Sanji got beaten by Jack's Men


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How come we never saw Dragons leaving the body of the Dragon Slayers in Fairy Tail (2014)?
We don't see the Dragons leaving the body of the Dragon Slayers except in Natsu's case, even though Igneel mentioned it in Episode 89. Why is that? Did they forget to animate it?
[Edit- Note :If they have not mentioned it in manga then wouldn't that will be a plot hole because everybody will be aware of the dragons leaving the dragon slayers body and no one would have been surprised to see the face getting destroyed at that time. Also fighting Achnologia would have been much easier.]

What event are you referring to? Can you cite an episode and scene for context?

ep-89. Igneel mentioned all the dragons where residing in the dragon slayers body. But so far i've seen only igneel coming out of natsu.

I couldnt find why you put it on hold though i asked a clear cut question , which by the way you will only understand if you have watched the anime so far. I have included the ep no.  @ ʞɹɐzǝɹ♦

@Reaching-Out Yup, clear question to me.

IIRC It wasn't shown in the manga either, so there is no reason for them to show it in the anime.

I have edited my question now.. @Ayase Eri

As far as I know, all Dragons of 1st and 3rd generations Dragon Slayers had shown themselves in the anime. Igneel againts Acnologia, while the other 4 (Metallicana, Grandine, Weisslogia, Skiadrum) helped in destroying Face.

Can you cite sources supporting your answer? As it is, your post is short and sounds speculative

If I remember it correctly, I think it was showed between the last four episodes(86-90) of Fairy Tail (2014).
A link stating that their dragons help them - http://fairytail.wikia.com/wiki/Episode_263

However, his celebration is cut short as the Dragon King crashes down near them, the Fire Dragon King holding him down with one claw and encouraging the humans not to give up hope. The ones who help humanity in this dire predicament are none other than the guardian Dragons of Wendy, Rogue, Gajeel and Sting, the powerful beasts easily demolishing the seemingly indestructible pillars by flying through them at great speeds.


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Who is the mysterious Programmer of Angel Beats?
The Programmer is an unknown student from the anime Angel Beats. He is revealed to exist when Yuri, the leader of the SSS,

 decides to get to the root of what is causing malevolent creatures known as Shadows to manifest in the World.

The Programmer is widely credited with having created:

the Angel Player program
The AI
The Shadows

It is likely that he created the Angel Player program, as it existed before Kanade Tachibana entered the Afterlife.
It's almost certain that the AI was made by the Programmer, when he states that he is "simply obeying the rules" when asked what he is doing with the computers from PC Room 1.

Once love began to take hold in the World, after

 Yui disappeared,

The AI would have activated the Shadow program, also manufactured by the Programmer, to begin wiping out the SSS, Guild, and NPCs.
Now, the Programmer's background is one of mystery. It's a long story, so I'm going to take a leaf out of the Wikia's book here (with some minor edits).

The Programmer's real name is unknown. But like Otonashi, he was never supposed to have entered the Afterlife, but somehow ended up there anyway.
During his time in the Afterlife School, he fell in love with an unnamed girl who disappeared when her regret was fulfilled. Unwilling or unable to accept that, he decided to wait for her to return, which from the Afterlife School rules would require her to:

Die during her teenage years (13 to 17 or so for a 4 year gap)
Have a heavy regret

If the girl lived an average of 85 years and reincarnated each time, there would be a 4/85 (teenage years)*9.83/1000(Japan death rate )*1%(Ad hoc chance of heavy regret)=~0.0004% every reincarnation. Each failure to hit this chance would lead to 85 years of waiting. A 10% chance to see her again would require 2.125 million years.
The above calculations do not consider that the majority of the death rate is actually from the elderly rather than from teenagers.
As expected, the amount stunned Yuri, due to the massive time required to be spent waiting. The AI explained that The Programmer lost his grip on sanity after waiting so long, and decided to create a program to turn himself into an NPC.
As The Programmer felt that people who had resolved their sadness should not clutter the Afterlife School (much like patients should be discharged when they are cured rather than staying in the hospital), he created a program that kept track of the amount of love in the Afterlife School world. When the amount of love exceeded a certain amount, a "cleaning" program would be activated where NPCs would be changed into Shadows, which would in turn target humans and forcibly change them into NPCs, thus resetting the world into one where no humans existed.

(formatting mine)
So, who is the Programmer?
Theories are welcome if they're backed up with facts.

Related: http://anime.stackexchange.com/q/18785/

But not necessarily a duplicate.

I think that the programmer is a metaphor for a being that controls the circle of life death and regeneration. But that's mostly the perception I had from watching the anime. I'll post an answer if I find some credibility to back that up

@Hikari sounds good.

I know I'm like 4000 years late, but remember how Yuri came back from the shadows almost going into npc state. What if otonashi woke up from npc state outside with the amnesia because he was there for so long. It would explain how it seemed like kanade ended up there before him. Is that a possibility?

Here are a few possible candidates.
1. Yuzuru Otonashi

The Programmer's details match those of Yuzuru Otonashi's with striking similarities. Let's not forget that alongside the original ending of Angel Beats, Key issued another epilogue, aptly titled "Another Epilogue". In this, the main focus is another person that's arrived in the Afterlife, and he is surrounded by quiet, obedient NPCs. After challenging the reality of the Afterlife School, he is talked to by the Student Council President,

 The Otonashi in an alternate timeline, who hasn't moved on yet,

and he is told that if he has any questions about the world that they both live in that he should come down to the Student Council room. However, as

 Otonashi heads back to the Student Council room, a girl can be heard saying, "There's a rumor that he's waiting for someone."

So therefore, it's entirely possible that

 Otonashi is waiting for Kanade, and that this timestream somehow loops. Otonashi goes crazy waiting for Kanade, who has a infinitesimally small chance of reappearing in the Afterlife, but still, better than zero.

He turns himself into an NPC to be able to withstand the long wait, and creates the AI, or the "AI" to be able to maintain the requirements of the Afterlife, not allowing love to manifest, possibly therefore saving future arrivals from the pain that he has been exposed to. This may be why he creates Angelplayer, because he knows that if Kanade reappears, then she'll know how to use it, any maybe program it to move him back from his NPC state. The members of the SSS arrive after this, then, at the time of Episode 1, the timestream loops, causing

 Otonashi to revert back from an NPC.

Forgetting everything that's happened to him, the events continue their course the same way they did before –

 causing the timeline to repeat over and over and over.

2. Tachibana Kanade

Tachibana Kanade was one of the first people to appear in the Afterlife World, and also the only person who is able to use Angelplayer without help. Because she has this ability, she may be the one who programmed it. However, she has never expressed any recollection in creating the program.
3. Takeyama

Takeyama is great with computers. His behavior throughout the anime is somewhat mysterious, as he constantly refers to himself as "Christ", suggesting that he has some great power in the Afterlife World. He is the most logical choice because of his skill with computers, and his ability to interface with Angelplayer. However, he does require English translators to use the program.
4. ???

The AI tells Yuri that the Programmer existed before the SSS appeared, and turned himself into an NPC. The AI also tells Yuri that she wouldn't know the Programmer even if the AI were to say it. This, logically, means that the Programmer cannot be a member of the SSS, Guild, or Kanade, as Yuri knows all of these people. Or, the AI could just have been made to respond that way to protect the Programmer. Perhaps we may never know...

5. The AI

I don't think enough attention is paid to the AI as being the programmer, however there are some fairly strong factors which suggest it might be him.
Firstly it's important to ask, is the AI an NPC? Well there are differences, clearly the AI can think, understand the fundamentals of the world etc however, it's also in a human body, it has similar traits to NPCs.

We know the programmer went mad and eventually turned into an NPC as confirmed by the AI. If you consider the AI an NPC then it could be him.

The AI knows the programmer's name but said "you won't know him", ruling out pretty much everyone she knows. Whilst you might argue he didn't say it's "Me" the AI confirmed he "Didn't know anything" meaning if he said his own name as the programmer he wouldn't recognise it to be himself since he's an AI since the Programmer has already wiped his memory be becoming an AI.

The programmer was mad, he made some rules before turning into an NPC which the AI follows, who better than to appoint himself of this role and erase his memory so he can forget his love.

Some people might ask why the AI would be so open to letting someone else take over the world, well regardless of whoever the Programmer is, he clearly didn't specify a command not to allow this.

The problem lies with the unanswered facts that would they ever age after a period of time, could adults join them if they were teachers or worked in a school when they were alive and the fact that we don't have confirmation that time is aligned and runs at the same pace in both worlds.
But if I had to hedge my bets it would first be Otonashi due to the similar background of the programmer.
Or the A.I. itself since it states the programmer never left.  With a regret of creating Angel Player after waiting so long but unwilling to get rid of it that could be why he erased his memories with commands left behind, and creates his own existence as the A.I., and why he disappears when the computers are destroyed rather than his body laying on the ground.

What if this guy is the programmer.

He's got some tech skills obviously; he was programming the computer so that it's functioning when Yuri got in the room. He doesn't realize he is the programmer because he's an NPC now. So, aside from him being an entirely separate entity which we don't know.

Welcome to Anime & Manga Stack Exchange. While this might be the answer, could you add some sources/references, like from which episode he is?

Please include relevant sources/references to support your answer.


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Was it ever stated canonically that Itachi was already dying when he fought Sasuke?
Has it ever been confirmed in any official source whether Itachi was dying from some sort of terminal illness when he decided to fight his brother?
I seem to remember White Zetsu commenting during the fight that Itachi was unable to dodge certain attacks which he should have been able to dodge.
Has there been a confirmation of this?

Tobi mentioned that Itachi was sick with a disease, and was taking medicine for it to extend his life. This happened right after the battle for Sasuke when he woke up. Tobi told him the truth about Itachi at that time, and the disease and illness was a part of it.
The Wiki notes it on the last line of his Background section, and references Chapter 401:

At some point, Itachi contracted a terminal illness. He kept himself alive through the years with medicine and sheer willpower so that he could live long enough to die by Sasuke's hand.

And it also notes that Itachi's death was actually due to the illness, that the fight between them weakened him enough that he couldn't resist it much longer. That does explain why he lived through Sasuke's Kirin, but then coughed up blood and was unable to do anything else but walk and maintain Susanoo for a minute, and then gave up after saying his last words.
Edit: He did also have enough strength to implant one cast of Amaterasu to go off when he saw a Sharingan (possibly Tobi's specifically, but that was never clarified), which was triggered right before the truth was revealed.

I do not know how I should post a picture of the page itself though, but I checked and confirmed it is in chapter 401, at around page 14 or 15 just like reference 33 says.

This answer illustrates why itachi will probably be my favourite character in all of literature.

Did he not also implant the amaterasu in sasuke as he was dying?

@NeilMeyer I suppose he did, added. I suppose its not really all that important to the answer, but I guess it does have relevance since it was one of if not the last things he did before dying. Probably happened when he touched the forehead, but I can't recall if he said his last words before or after that.

I know this is a three year old post, but... If you checked the actual chapter, you should cite that in the answer, not in the comments, and rather than put in a picture, you can just quote the text exactly. The wiki link is useful, obviously, but less authoritative than the text. And you can have both in the answer.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Was it ever confirmed canonically that Itachi was a pacifist?
Was it ever confirmed officially that Itachi was a pacifist? Narutopedia says the following and I wondered where they got it from...

Itachi was the first child born to Mikoto and Fugaku Uchiha. His early
  childhood was marked with violence: when he was four years old, the
  Third Shinobi World War waged and he witnessed first-hand many of the
  war's casualties. The death and destruction he experienced at such a
  young age traumatised Itachi and made him a pacifist,

For me, not entirely.
If we base our definition of pacifist or pacifism from Wikipedia, we can read the following:

Pacifism is opposition to war, militarism or violence.

Yes, Itachi was indeed opposed to war and this was confirmed canonically. In Chapter 400, Madara explains that after Itachi witnessed the Third Great Ninja War:

That trauma made Itachi into a conflict-hating, peace-loving man.

However, if we look again into a more detailed definition of Pacifism:

Pacifism covers a spectrum of views, including the belief that international disputes can and should be peacefully resolved...

In the same chapter, Madara revealed that the Third Hokage tried to resolve the dispute peacefully but time ran out. Itachi, however, never did. He had already decided that wiping out the entire Uchiha was the only way to prevent another war.

...rejection of the use of physical violence to obtain political, economic or social goals...

Itachi, even though he was forced, massacred his clan in order to try to preserve peace.
So, while he might be a 'conflict-hating, peace-loving man', he is not entirely opposed to using violence to preserve peace. This conflicts some beliefs related to pacifism so with this, I do not think he is entirely a pacifist.

maybe it would be better to say Itachi is a peace-at-any-cost pacifist. maybe he is willing to sacrifice the individual so that the collective can prosper.

@NeilMeyer Yes, I definitely agree he is that kind of person: taking all the burden all for himself. One of my favorite characters in the series :)

I don't know/remember if Itachi himself ever claimed to be a pacifist. Does it have to be a label you take on yourself or can it just be assumed to make it true? So even if, by definition, Itachi isn't a pacifist it probably wouldn't change much except making Tobi wrong. Since Itachi neither confirms nor denies it, no one could call him a hypocrite either (not saying that anyone has).


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What does "Daimadoshi" mean in "Dai no Daibouken" (Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai)?
One of my favorite character in Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai is Pop the Magician. Toward the end of the series, he battles with Hadler's chess squad and has a one-on-one fight with the horse Sigma. Pop demonstrates great magical skills and Sigma asked him if he is a sage. Pop answers that he doesn't like the title of sage and had chosen a title for himself: Daimadoshi.
What does Daimadoshi mean in the universe of the manga?
The manga obviously uses a lot of Japanese, even if it is set in a fantasy universe. Does Daimadoshi mean anything in Japanese? Or is it a made-up for the manga?
Note: I hesitated before posting this question on Japanese.se, because I am not sure whether daimadoshi is a Japanese word (or made up from Japanese terms like Tenchimato) or a word from the manga's universe.

Dai means something along the lines of "grand, big" and madoushi means "sorcerer" or "wizard", with shi being his title (assumedly Mr.). So in essence, he is naming himself "Mr. Grand Wizard"

shi is not used as a title here, especially not as an honorific (氏).

The title is "大魔道師" or "大魔道士" (Daimadoushi) which more or less means Great Sorcerer. 魔道 (madou) and 魔法 (mahou) both can mean magic, but the former has a more occult nuance to to it (i.e. raw magic vs refined magic). The former literally means the "path/way of magic" while the latter is more so the "art/law of magic".


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Song that plays in the battle between Goku and Zamasu?
In episode 53, Goku fights a Kai in training named Zamasu. Does anyone know the name of the music that played about halfway into the battle? I really liked it but I can't seem to find a title anywhere.
Attached below is a link to a YouTube video showing the fight. The music kicks up around 1:25–2:18 in the video.

Video: Goku vs Zamasu

I found it! The song is called Desperate Assault.
EDIT: Link here Desperate Assault OST


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What kind of transformation Trunks used in Dragon Ball Super when fighting Vegeta?
In episode 54 of Dragon Ball Super (original air date, August 7):

 Trunks uses some kind of transformation. After transformed SSJ2, his hair grows, electricity sparks disappear, and his muscles grow. It looks similar to the USSJ (Super Saiyan 1 third grade) but now he has short hair, so could his hair grows like if he were transforming into a SSJ3? Is this a kind of new transformation or what?

You just posted a question on an episode that came out a few hours ago. Please use the spoiler markup: http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/72877/whats-the-exact-syntax-for-spoiler-markup

Most likely it was the fondly nicknamed Super (or ultra) transformation. The wiki calls it the Second Grade and Third Grade. It is simply turning power into Muscle mass, which greatly enhances strength, but the bulk lowers speed. Vegeta, Trunks, and Goku learned and used this transformation in the Cell Saga. Vegeta and Trunks specifically used this to beat down Cell in his second form, before Vegeta helped him obtain 18 and get his perfect form.

yeah, I was watching some youtubers and they seem to agree with that. Weird his hair grows though

@Pablo Indeed, It seems to be a general trait of most Sayian power ups, the hair becomes spikier.

Note however that only Trunks used this form fully. Vegeta knew from the beginning that putting all your Ki into strength while neglecting speed was useless.


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Why is Gohan shown to be so weak in Dragon Ball Super?
Gohan was the strongest in his mystic form back at the end of DBZ. How could Gohan have become so weak that he lost the ability to turn Super Saiyan 2 in such a short period of time? While on the other hand, Frieza was able to surpass Goku's Super Saiyan Blue transformation in only 4 months of training. That doesn't make sense.
Tagoma was even able to pierce him with a ki blast. Now he is losing left and right in every episode. Most recently Frieza in his base form was shooting ki blasts through Super Saiyan Gohan. So Frieza's base form is stronger than Super Saiyan now? How did that happen?

if your referring to Freeza in Resurrection F remember that he trained so he wouldn't loose to a Super Saiyan again....otherwise it would be kinda pointless for him if he lost again now to an out of date Saiyan form. as for Gohan i got the feeling he no longer regularly trains given that Chichi wanted him to study more and spar less so not to end up like Goku

Although orange is a good series, but still has a script with several failures :/

How could be become so weak that cant even go super saiyan 2 anymore in a short period of time

According to the timeline of dragon ball, about 5 years have passed between the end the buu saga and the Resurection of F saga. Gohan hasn't trained at all since then. We can choose the analogy of professional athletes here: they need to train almost everyday to maintain their form, let alone get "stronger". After 5 years, it is expected than Gohan has become significantly weaker. But again, if he were to train for a few months, his power would probably go up exponentially. Also note that he did not train much in the Buu saga, much of his power increase came from the help of Supreme Kai.

...while frieza surpasses goku SSB in 4 months of training

Frieza states that he never had to train one day in his life because he was already so much stronger than everybody else. If we consider Goku to be a combat genius, imagine how much training and near-deaths experience he had to go through to be able to fight on par with Frieza. In the end, only Krilin's death helped become super saiyan and beat Frieza. Since he never trained before, it would make sense that his power would go up exponentially after little training.

Tagoma was even able to pierce him with a ki blast.

In the movie "Resurrection of F" Goku in Super Saiyan blue was almost killed by a Sorbet's gun. This tells you that no matter how strong of a warrior you are, you can be defeated by someone so much weaker than you if you are caught by surprise.

So frieza base is stronger than super saiyan now

Yes, when Gohan clearly states than he is no match of Frieza, he is still in his base form. Gohan might be able to sense Frieza's ki beyond his current form, but this is just speculation.

WARNING: THIS ANSWER CONTAINS SPOILERS UP TO EPISODE 23
The amount of time that's passed in Dragon Ball Super is apparently open to interpretation. In BoG, Gohan was probably still the strongest or at least on the same level as Goku before he goes SSJG, hence the reason why they made it a point to have him step in as if he was the only one who could stop Beerus. Obviously, that didn't work out too well for him. But he powered up into his "mystic" form and that's the last time we see it, so far.
I don't see how he could have fallen so far behind Goku and Vegeta prior to their being trained by Whis, but basically Gohan hasn't trained, like at all. Not like the time between when he fought Cell and Majin Buu where he just slacks on his training—this time he really did nothing at all. The most "training" you see him do is when he's play fighting with Mr. Satan as Great Saiyaman over baby Pan.
They do make it a point to show that he hasn't necessarily lost his power, as he's able to easily beat Ginyu (in Tagoma's body) as a Super Saiyan, just the ability to access all of it at will without seriously injuring or killing himself has been lost. Against Frieza, he may have been able to fight with him and at least hold him off till Goku and Vegeta got there, but we all saw what bringing out more power than his body can handle did to him. Think Kaioken and what happened to Goku when he fought Vegeta, except on a much larger scale.
They also made it a point to show that maybe he wasn't necessarily "too weak" to face Frieza, just too soft. He lets his guard down while showing mercy to Ginyu in the same way Goku did with Frieza and pays for it with a ki blast through the shoulder. Given that he was clearly angry with himself for letting his training go, which made him unable to protect his family, maybe he's learned his lesson about just assuming his dad or Vegeta will always be there to protect everyone and will find some motivation to train a little bit. We'll see. My point is that they seem to be putting raw power into a grey area and focusing more on ability, experience and fighting spirit in this series. That's just my opinion based on the fact that Roshi was there fighting when Yamcha is easily at least still stronger than he is. Anyway, I hope that helps anyone wondering what's happening with Gohan. He's not weak, power-wise, he's just out of shape and rocking the dad bod.

I feel like I must agree with this comment for way too many reasons, but I wanted to comment especially on this last bit. See, I too have noticed that DBS focusses way more on ability, where DBZ focussed on raw power. (Note that in DB, it was all about ability as well. Raw power only mattering in the case of King Piccolo, where the difference was huge). The whole point of SSJB is that it's an advanced form of ki control. They make it seem like 'god ki' is just the ultimate control of ki, meaning it's not a raw power boost, but an efficiency boost. So yeah, agreed.

Gohan was the strongest in his mystic form back at the end of DBZ. How could Gohan have become so weak that he lost the ability to turn Super Saiyan 2 in such a short period of time? While on the other hand, Frieza was able to surpass Goku's Super Saiyan Blue transformation in only 4 months of training. That doesn't make sense.

The theory acts actually goes like this, Mystic Gohan got his powers without training (Old Ki awakened his powers). After the Kid Buu incident and Berus arrival approximately 5.5 years had passed, Mystic Gohan didn't train for 5 whole years, he didn't even use his KI for that much time. At first he got the power as a given and after that he didn't train so his power drained off in the first place.

Tagoma was even able to pierce him with a ki blast. Now he is losing left and right in every episode.

Tagoma was even able to pierce him with a ki blast, that was due to his body. He hadn't trained in a while making his body dull, your body needs to be activated with a certain amount of KI to deflect energy blasts.

Most recently Frieza in his base form was shooting ki blasts through Super Saiyan Gohan. So Frieza's base form is stronger than Super Saiyan now? How did that happen?

Frieza had said that he was born so much powerful so he didn't need to train. Well Goku was weak as compared to Frieza from the very begenning so it could be that training had different results on both of them, may be frieza had this as a natural talent that's why he surpassed Majin-Buu and Mystic Gohan in his base form.


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Why didn't Goku choose Android 18 for the tournament instead of Piccolo?
In Dragon Ball Super Manga Chapter 6, Goku chose Piccolo for Beerus' team. But why didn't he choose Android 18? She was far more powerful than Piccolo in Dragon Ball Z. Is it because her power level decreased just like Gohan?

There are many reasons to the answer of this question:

The primary being that as of now, due to having kept up his training, Piccolo is far stronger than Android 18. Also he has more potential than the Androids. They were created by Dr. Gero with the power level they have, whereas Piccolo became this strong due to his training and fusion with Kami, and Nail.
Another reason is that since Goku is of the caring nature, and knowing the training procedure and the time spent, would not want to interfere with the upbringing of Marron.
It can also be said that since Piccolo is Akira's favorite character (read here), he wouldn't want to leave him behind, as a weakling, when his least favorite character, Vegeta (read here), gets such a power boost as SSB.
He doesn't have as much potential as Gohan, who was recommended by Vegeta to be selected into Beerus' team, but Goku said that he's a scholar now, so let him be. And Gotenks, being stronger than Piccolo, has a time limit.

So it's safe to say that Piccolo is the most appropriate person to be on Beerus' team.

At first, Android 17 and 18 were much stronger than Piccolo. Then in Chapter 360, he fused with Kami which made him much stronger. At this point, he was already strong enough to take on Android 17 one on one. By the end of the Cell Saga, Piccolo has trained in the Hyperbolic Time Chamber and become much stronger than the Androids.
Since then, Piccolo has never slacked off in his training and it is therefore safe to say that he is much stronger than the Androids. Since Gohan has not been training all this time and has become a lot weaker, therefore at this point Piccolo is without contest the 4th strongest of the Z fighters (after Goku, Vegeta and Buu - not counting Gotenks).

In Dragon Ball Z, after fusing with Kamisama, Piccolo got as strong as 17, which supposedly is slightly more powerful than 18. After that, he went to time chamber and got even stronger. Then, by the time of the fight with Super Cell, Piccolo was already stronger than 18. Considering Piccolo is a fighter who is always training and increasing his power level, he should be considerably stronger than 18 by the time of Dragon Ball Super

Actually because 18 is still part human she has the ability to get stronger with training, that's already a known fact, android 16 is the one who is stuck, and actually gohan was confirmed to be alit stronger then buu because buu is weaker than he would be if he was still with kid buu, also it was said that android 18 is stronger than all the guys fighting frieza and his men, this includes piccolo, not including goku and vegeta who weren't there at the time,so yeah check your facts guys lol, 18 said it herself and krillin agreed lol but because piccolo was training for 6 months before the tournament his power now surpasses 18s so at the time goku chose piccolo he was stronger than 18 but since buu is weaker than gohan and there was a written test I think 18 would've been a better choice than buu


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What is the Gol D. Roger's ability 'To hear the voice of all Things' that Rayleigh is talking about?
In Chapter 507, Rayleigh was talking about the power 'To hear the voice of all things' that Gold D. Roger has. It seems to explain how he was able to write in the ancient language on the Sky Island's Poneglyph. What is that phenomenon?

Well, the wiki (http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Gol_D._Roger) says that, "{a}ccording to Rayleigh, Roger could interpret the Poneglyphs because he had the ability to "hear the voice of all things". He was also one of two known humans in the series who possessed the ability to hear Sea Kings speaking, the other being Luffy." Seeing as they are listed together they might be linked and be something along the lines of being able to understand all languages, but I do not recall if Luffy ever tried to read a Poneglyph so they might be more disconnected than what my train of thought is.

As we have seen Luffy being considered as successor of Pirate King. One of the most important fact that support it is the voice of all things. Though in case of Luffy this ability is somewhat incomparable with Gold D. Roger, it allows Luffy mainly to interact with ancient beings.
The instances where Luffy was able to used this power was:

Understanding Ryuuji(Green millennial dragon from east blue)
Understanding the sea kings from fishman island
Hearing from Zunisha in Zoe island

Although Roger was able to interact with poneglyph Luffy has not shown this power so far.
From above instances, this power is somewhat like voice of heart and seems to be used by fated ones.
Though  Momonosuke talked with Zunisha it is only limited to it and not more.
So, sit back and wait for history of world to unfold then only we will be able to know what exactly it is. As of now it is highly related to successor of the kingdom of D. (who is fated of course) for controlling the treasures and weapons of the kingdom of D.

The question isn't really about luffy's extent of this power. He's just asking about what exactly the power is

The voice of all things seems to be a special power which hasnt really been explored a lot by oda sensei yet . One major encounter with it although has been in the case of momonosuke who could hear and command zunisha to do something . Luffy has shown traits . This power apparently also allows people to decipher poneglyphs. Taken from the one piece wikia :

This power grants the user the ability to understand and gain information through creatures and inanimate objects who do not speak the same language.So far, this seems to be an ability gained from birth.
Some people use this ability to read the Poneglyphs.
The Three-Eye Tribe is rumored to have access to this ability through utilizing the power of their third eye.

It is not only Roger who has this ability, but also Momonosuke and Luffy in weaker form (he could not answer to Zunisha). There is little information about it but, since Momonosuke has this ability, it is unlikely that it has something to do with "D". It may even be nothing more than an extremely rare form of, or just extraordinary strong Haki.


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How is it possible for Trunks to fight with Goku Black, and hold his own better then either Goku or Vegeta?
When Trunks arrived from the future, he was easily defeated by Goku and Vegeta. His strongest form is SSJ2 (or Possibly USSJ in the anime). This form at best is on par with SSJ3 Goku.
When Goku, Vegeta, and Trunks go back to the future, Goku Black knocks out Vegeta, who is in SSJ Blue form, easily. Then, Goku is also handily defeated.
Despite this massive power difference, Trunks steps in and fares far better than either Vegeta or Goku. How is this possible?

Well I believe this is the patented Toriyama plot-level. See it's the ultimate power buff. Like how Tien could hold off Cell after he absorbed 17. Or how Vegeta wasn't instantly wrecked by Super Buu post Gohan absorption. If you look at DBZ too closely you may explode.

@KazRodgers The only reason Tenshinhan could hold off Cell is because of his new version of the Kikoho, the Shin Kikoho. It has been established by the story since the beginning that special moves can exceed the users limits. For instance, Vegeta was only 18,000 on Earth but his Gyarikku-ho was able to keep a 24,000 KKx3 Kamehameha at bay. Piccolo's Makenkosappo was over 3 times his actual battle power against Raditz. And Vegeta also released a Final Flash exceeding Cells defences even though it was shown that Cell was vastly superior to him in power.

@KazRodgers  Also, if we're taking canon story then Vegeta never fought Super Boo... That never happens in the manga. It's the same with SSJ Goten and SSJ Trunks fighting Popo and Popo actually fending them off. That never happens in the manga either. They just decided to add it to the anime as filler.

Still calling plot-buffs. @MDavies. I never actually knew that small filler scuffles were added to the anime like that but still. The fact that Trunks beat black without god ki is a bigger plot buff than at least half of fairy tail in it's entirety and that's a pretty substantial amount.

@KazRodgers Well, as I said in my answer, it is more likely that the reason Trunks could beat him is because he was receiving Genki from the people he was trying to protect. Much like his Genki sword he receives towards the end of the arc which he uses to finish the fused Zamasu. Though, as I said, the buff he received from the Genki seems rather large considering a number of people left alive.

Dragon Ball is known for inconsistencies and plotholes so it might simply have to do with something of that. But aside of that, some reasonable arguments I've seen online are these 2, each time a saiyan is knocked down it gets a senkai boost when it recovers (increase in his power) . He was knocked down two times, by Goku and Vegeta. In the manga, when he is fighting against Goku, he is said by Vegeta to be almost as strong as a Super Saiyan 3 . It is possible for a Super Saiyan 2 to be as strong or stronger than a Super Saiyan 3, Beerus says Vegeta (in Super Saiyan 2) made him use more of his power than Goku (in Super Saiyan 3) when fighting against him. After fighting a Super Saiyan 3 (Goku) and being knocked down, he recovers as a saiyan to catch up his power, and later he is knocked down by a Super Saiyan Blue (Vegeta), and he recovers as a saiyan to catch up his power. So the argument says that when he might not be as strong as a Super Saiyan Blue, he might not be as far of it as for being unable to step in fresh by surprise in a fight, and score some succesful punches

This isn't very clear in the Anime but in the manga it's pretty clear that SSB has a major flaw:

In the Dragon Ball Super manga, the form is noted to have a major flaw in its stamina. If the form is subsequently used multiple times in a row, the user will be unable to exert even 10% of their power...

This may or may not have been a factor.
Also Trunks notes that Black is as powerful as himself in SS2 form while in base form. This is useful to note here for 2 reasons. 1 it shows that Black is stupid strong, and 2 it shows that form isn't everything. It really depends on the base powerlevel of the person fighting.
Goku for instance didn't have to go SSB to stay even with Black until after their first fight. He was essentially even with him in SS2 form in the 'current' timeline, where Trunks got his butt kicked in that form.
Finally Pablo has a point, and it can even be seen in this instance. Fighting and getting beat makes Saiyans stronger fast. Black got stronger then SSB Vegeta from one fight with Goku. Goku went Super Saiyan the first time after being pummled by Freiza. It's not unreasonable by Dragon Ball standards that Trunks getting his butt handed to him by Black also made Trunks much stronger for the very next encounter.
Having watched the entire arc I can now say for sure:

Transforming into blue multiple times played a big role.
Keep track of the sensu beans, Trunks gets an extra one. For Saiyans in the middle of a fight a sensu bean is basically a +1 level.
Goku and Vegeta do generally fight on par with Black. Problem is, is that he +1's without sensu beans and he has an immortal partner. Really without Zamasu there who wasn't that strong comparatively - Goku smashes his head into the ground 10 or 12 times - but could be a shield and blinder against attacks. Black would of gone down 2 different times to either Goku, or Vegeta.
Rage plays a huge part in it. Vegeta gets stronger when he's pissed and thinks Trunks might be dead, Goku would of blown them both up when he hears what they did to Chichi if one of them isn't immortal, and Trunks final strength gain comes from being pissed off from being told protecting his loved ones is a 'sin'.

 Finally, Trunks doesn't win alone, Goku started the meltdown, Vegeto continued it, and Trunks basically absorbed the power of a spirit bomb in the end to gain enough power to finally kill the crazy bugger.

I keep forgetting the anime is a near mutilated version of the manga, released several times faster. They are ahead in story, but stopped trying to be consistent instead aiming for a more exciting story. Manga Future trunks at full power is nearly as strong as Goku SSJ3. Him being able to somewhat hold is own after a bit of a power up makes a lot more sense, but in the manga we do not know if he does yet or not.

@Ryan The anime is not a mutilated version of the manga though? Akira Toriyama is directly involved in the development of the anime. He only provides the storyboard to Toyotarō so Toyotarō will work out the details himself in the manga. That's why the stories have taken two distinct paths. Such as Goku still having his SSJG form in the manga.

@MDavies I Suppose mutilated is a bad word for it, but then again I am pretty sure i didnt know about the Storyboard back then, and the Manga was about equal with the anime at the time in terms of story progress. The Manga and anime are practically 2 different stories, with only major plot points being the same, given directly by Toriyama.

Here's a theory:
There are two Zamasu's. One from the past and one from the future. As the past Zamasu gets beat up, the damage and recovery is instantly recognized by Black's Saiyan body and increases his strength. Being a god, the strength increases even more. He more than likely gained the ability to transform into super saiyan rose by beating up his old self in a sparring match.

It is clearly evident by what happens later in the story with Trunks' sword. At some point Trunks obtained an ability very similar to the Genki Dama. While it takes on a more physical form when he gets his sword back we actually see his Super Saiyan aura incorporate a blue glow which could either be reminiscent of the SSJB auras or the Genki from the Genki Dama. But we get confirmation that Trunks sword was like Goku's Genki Dama from Goku himself. Not to mention we see him take something from the people he is trying to protect.
What is questionable however is how the Earthlings managed to power him up so much when there weren't that many left.


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Why does Zamasu know Goku in the future?
So Zamasu created Black in the future because of Goku, right? But, we know that Goku died in the future because of an illness... a long time before he met Zamasu.
So how is it possible that Zamasu knows Goku in the future?

Urban legend of guardian of earth maybe.

watch this if you are confused https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlGM_srKkgk

Edit, Tl;DR Zamasu from Future Trunks Timeline is likely Zamasu from the regular timeline, who learned about Goku from Shin, and then traveled into Future Trunks timeline because Shin (and therefor Berus) was dead. This then caused Future trunks to travel back in time in the first place.

I do not know how to add pictures, or I would, but the full chain (if the manga will indeed show the same main events as the anime) was likely completed in the most recent chapter of the Manga.
There is the anime's version to consider though, so I will note both, starting with the anime.
In the Anime, It is basically due to a time loop. Future trunks goes to the past, bringing Black with him, who then fights Goku. Goku then learns about and visits/spars with Zamasu. It is here Zamasu learns about Goku in the anime.
Zamasu then went and learned about Goku from the guy who knows everything, as well as the super dragonballs. He then uses them to wish for either immortality, or an ally like Goku. He then likely used the ring of time to skip ahead and gather them again, quickly wishing for the other wish.
He then finds the timeline where Berus is no more, and goes there so that there is no one to stop him from killing Humanity.
The Manga version of the story is not as detailed, But if we are to assume that the main plot points of the manga will be identical to the anime, then we have a better version of the loop thanks to the most recent chapter.
In chapter 16, page 36, Zamasu is talking with Our own Kaioshin, Shin, and Kibito, after sparing with Kibito, about how they took out Majin Buu. Shin brings up the fact that he only helped Goku and the other Z Warriors do so. Zamasu at this time learns of goku and how powerful he is. This is all we know in the Manga so far, but we can probably assume the details will play out like in the anime, so he will likely soon go and try to learn about goku from the guy who knows everything soon.
There are 2 things that make the Manga version a more "stable" version, first in that Zamasu learned about Goku from Shin, and second, that Shin was Probably visiting Zamasu without any interference from Future Trunks, since he appeared at about the same time they were visiting Zamasu. If he had not shown up, Zamasu would have found out about the super dragonballs and made his wishes without anyone knowing about him.


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How do they serialize manga in Japan?
My friend and I had a conversation the other day about manga in the U.S. and in Japan. I know that in the U.S. manga is sold in the form of a book. My friend said that One Piece and some others are printed in a weekly magazine. I just wanted to know if manga in Japan is printed in the style of a book or like American comic books or perhaps they come in both. I tried to google it but I couldn't find a very good answer.

They are first published in magazine (weekly/monthly/...), then the chapters are collected into books like what you would normally buy.

Wikipedia article on Tankōbon would be a good start.

The information that answers your question is on the Wikipedia entry for Manga.
They describe the general process about how manga is distributed starting at the "Magazine" level:

Magazines
Eshinbun Nipponchi is credited as the first manga magazine ever made.
  Manga magazines usually have many series running concurrently with approximately 20–40 pages allocated to each series per issue. Other magazines such as the anime fandom magazine Newtype featured single chapters within their monthly periodicals. Other magazines like Nakayoshi feature many stories written by many different artists; these magazines, or "anthology magazines", as they are also known (colloquially "phone books"), are usually printed on low-quality newsprint and can be anywhere from 200 to more than 850 pages thick. Manga magazines also contain one-shot comics and various four-panel yonkoma (equivalent to comic strips). Manga series can run for many years if they are successful. Manga artists sometimes start out with a few "one-shot" manga projects just to try to get their name out. If these are successful and receive good reviews, they are continued. Magazines often have a short life.

Then in the next paragraph talks about the collected volumes:

Collected volumes
After a series has run for a while, publishers often collect the episodes together and print them in dedicated book-sized volumes, called tankōbon. These can be hardcover, or more usually softcover books, and are the equivalent of U.S. trade paperbacks or graphic novels. These volumes often use higher-quality paper, and are useful to those who want to "catch up" with a series so they can follow it in the magazines or if they find the cost of the weeklies or monthlies to be prohibitive. Recently, "deluxe" versions have also been printed as readers have gotten older and the need for something special grew. Old manga have also been reprinted using somewhat lesser quality paper and sold for 100 yen (about $1 U.S. dollar) each to compete with the used book market.

There is also a link to a list of "Manga mangazines" here.
One Piece currently runs on Weekly Shounen Jump and is also stated as such the second line in the description of its wiki entry:

One Piece (Japanese: ワンピース Hepburn: Wan Pīsu?) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Eiichiro Oda. It has been serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine since July 19, 1997, with the chapters collected into seventy-eight tankōbon volumes to date. One Piece follows the adventures of Monkey D. Luffy, a funny young man whose body gained the properties of rubber after unintentionally eating a Devil Fruit. With his diverse crew of pirates, named the Straw Hat Pirates, Luffy explores the ocean in search of the world's ultimate treasure known as "One Piece" in order to become the next Pirate King.

Shounen Jump is described as

Weekly Shōnen Jump (週刊少年ジャンプ Shūkan Shōnen Janpu?) is a weekly shōnen manga anthology published in Japan by Shueisha under the Jump line of magazines. It is the best-selling manga magazine, as well as one of the longest-running; the first issue was released with a cover date of July 2, 1968. The manga series within the magazine target young male readers and tend to consist of a large number of action scenes and a fair amount of comedy. The chapters of series that run in Weekly Shōnen Jump are collected and published in tankōbon volumes under the "Jump Comics" imprint every two to three months.

Clearly stating that it is a manga magazine, and outlines that series are collected and published in tankoubon volumes.
The "One Piece" wiki entry also states (at the time of this answer), that there are

seventy-eight tankōbon volumes to date.

And the wikipedia entry for Tankoubon describes it as:

A tankōbon (単行本?, "independent/standalone book") is the Japanese term for a book that is complete in itself and is not part of a series or corpus (similar to a monograph), though in modern Japan it is most often used in reference to individual volumes of a single manga, as opposed to magazines (雑誌 zasshi?), which feature multiple series. It can be used for a novel, a nonfiction work, an economics textbook, a book of beauty tips, a book presenting a coherent set of photographs, an exhibition catalogue that samples earlier books, and so forth in a hardcover format. It is more specific than plain hon, which encompasses such books but also one or more issues of a periodical, one or more volumes (or the whole set) of an encyclopedia, etc.

This information is slightly more detailed than required by your question, and a simple search would have hit the Manga entry in Wikipedia.