text:
What is the Independence Day that Inoue Marina has been tweeting about lately?
Lately Inoue Marina has been tweeting about Independence Day. For example 2018-02-05 she tweeted,

独立記念日全公演全て終了！
  今回は女子2人が交互にストーリーテラーとなっていく構成でかなりの集中力を要しましたが大変にやり甲斐のあるものでした。回を追う毎にキャスト皆の絆が深まって行って、とても素敵な空気感の中で幕を降ろす事が出来ました。
  来て下さった皆様、有難うございました！ https://t.co/CMlzcoSb7B

2018-02-04 she tweeted

独立記念日1回目終わりました〜！
  あと2回！集中していきます！

and

本日は砂岡事務所プロデュースリーディング公演、「独立記念日vol.2」です！ なんか今雪降ってきてビビってます。おそらくすぐ止むと思いますが。
  いらっしゃる皆様、お気をつけて！

2018-01-23

砂岡事務所プロデュースリーディング公演『独立記念日』Vol.2の稽古が行われました。
  石川由依ちゃんと井上ってそれどこの進…というのは冗談として一緒に出演するのが由依ちゃんなのでめっちゃリラックスして臨んでおります。
  男性キャストの代永ウィング、福井貴一さんも滅茶滅茶素敵です！ https://t.co/Z1W6hVYdak

What is this "Independence Day" thing is about? Is it a Live movie? Does this means that she will become an drama actress now?

could you post the English translation for us peasant

@Darjeeling Google translate it. Or maybe summon krazer for help. I used Google translate myself (it's too advanced for me T.T), which might be why I don't understand her tweet. What I'm sure is that 独立記念日 means Independence day and when googled it would result into US Independence Day.

@Aki actually I ask this question because it might lead us to an answer for my other question, "What does Seiyuu do after they are no longer at the peak of their game?"

well without fully understand what she tweeted it sounds like you're asking for English translation of her tweet, which is off topic..

but well, @AkiTanaka seems to understand what you mean so I'm not gonna vtc this

Found the link of the official website.

独立記念日 (Dokuritsu Kinenbi, Independence Anniversary*) is a live reading event produced by 砂岡事務所プロデュース (Sunaoka Creative Artist Agency, official website (Japanese)).
A short introduction on "what is a live reading?", it's a live staged reading event where voice actors and actresses read a story script live in front of audiences, or to put it simply, live audio drama. Live Read is one of such internationally-acclaimed events that can be found on Wikipedia.
Back to Dokuritsu Kinenbi, it's a 2-day live reading event which took places on Saturday and Sunday. There were 5 scripts: 2 scripts on the first day and 3 scripts on the second day. Each script consisted of 4 casts and took around 75~80 minutes without breaks. As it could be inferred from the tweet, it has been produced 2 times (as of Feb 2018):

Dokuritsu Kinenbi: 12-13 Aug 2017 (official site (Japanese))
Dokuritsu Kinenbi vol.2: 3-4 Feb 2018 (official site (Japanese))

This is how the stage for vol.2 looks like

From Sunaoka Jimusho's official Twitter account

*The English name is taken from these Facebook posts: Ishikawa Kaito and Hanae Natsuki

Honestly, I don't know what else to be included. Let me know and I'll try (or give up) improving this.

If you can improve this, please do. But anyway +1 and I accept this as answer. It is pretty clear for me once you said live audio drama. And looking at the pic Inoue Marina tweeted, I though she's doing stage acting. Geez.


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Who is George, the manager of Ahnernebe?
In All Around Type Moon spin-off, the cafe Ahnernebe is run by George.

He has the main antagonist aura behind him.

So who is George? Is he a reference to anyone?

In my guess he refers to the voice actor Jouji Nakata, the CV of Kirei Kotomine(in Fate), Souren Araya(in Kara no kyoukai) and Nero(in Tsukihime). When he is angry the image of the three characters will show up behind him. Besides, Jouji in Japanese sounds very similar to George in English.

added picture of him that look like in manga, you can remove it if I got the wrong person

source: Stack Exchange

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

sort: votes


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So, where does Grandma work?
In episode 1 of Tsuritama Grandma Keito has a new job and she moves to Enoshima with Yuki.  She now works here (time mark 7:11):

The old-timey font defeats me, and I can't read it.  The best I can do is Gnolhima Samuel Cocting Garden. She is obviously a horticulturist of some sort. What is the actual name of the place?  I'm pretty sure "Samuel" and "Garden" are right.

Enoshima Samuel Cocking Garden, maybe?

@Wondercricket I'm sure that's it, thanks! It didn't even occur to me to try looking for a real place. Stupid font. How do you turn a "C" with a flower into an "E", an "l" with a tulip into an "s", and a "t" into a "k"?  Anyway, if your comment were an answer, I would have accepted it.

I never watched this anime, so I wasn't sure exactly, but I will make it into an answer. The font is definitely interesting; if I can find it, i'll include it into the my answer

The first word is “Enoshima”; the S is written as a long S, which appears in older publications.

According to Tsuritama Wikipedia, the store Grandma Keito works at is the
Samuel Cocking Garden

Kate (ケイト Keito)
Yuki's grandmother. She's French, and has a warm
  and cheerful personality. She allowed Haru to live with her and Yuki.
  She often gives Haru advice concerning his relationship with Yuki and
  human social interactions. She works at the Samuel Cocking Garden in
  Enoshima.

This garden, also known as the Enoshima Tropical Plants Garden, is an actual botanical garden in Enoshima, Japan

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/


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In the Made in Abyss manga, why does Bondrewd sometimes refer to Prushka with the formal "anata" and sometimes with the intimate "kimi"?
I was looking through some raws and I noticed that Bondrewd consistently uses "kimi" when talking to others, but there are a few cases where he uses "anata" with Prushka. Looking through more raws, I also noticed that he used "kimi" in the beginning, but changed to "anata" later. What does this mean?

Sounds like the relationship between them changed in some way.

It depends on the context of when the words were used. Kimi is considered more familiar than anata, but depending on context, there are several different connotations:

A leader might use it to a subordinate, especially when asserting authority
When the two people are not emotionally close, and it is not a leader to subordinate situation, then it is considered rude or condescending
Two people who are quite close may use it as a closer way of addressing each other, sort of like calling your friends, "pal" or "bro." I think this connotation might be reserved for use between peers, like friends or lovers, but I'm not sure on that.

Kimi is also considered more masculine speech, though I have heard women in anime use it on occasion. Anata, meanwhile, is a more neutral way of saying "you".
Given its Bondrewd to Prushka, I think his use of kimi is more likely to be him being condescending or ordering her around. He may have then switched to anata when he felt like being more polite, or having the appearance of being more polite.  She is his adopted daughter, so he might say anata sometimes when he wants to appear nice. His use of kimi to everyone else is almost certainly as leader to subordinate, or just to generally be condescending.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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What did Griffith mean when he said "you are mine" to Guts?
Mind to help me with this curiosity? Griffith acts differently after Guts decides to leave. He says, "you are mine" to him.
Was this to imply that he was gay for Guts? Ever since they have first met, it confuses me.

You have to remember how Guts first joined the Band of the Hawk. Guts challenged Griffin to a duel, and Guts agreed to join the band as his subordinate if he lost.

Before this Griffin even told Guts: "I want you", which Guts misinterprets as a gay thing, and Griffin explains how he views him as a military asset with an interesting willingness to risk his life.
This is the sense in which Guts is "his".  His membership is guaranteed by the conditions of the duel, and Guts has not won a release from this obligation. This is why Guts and Griffith then fight again when Guts decides to leave.
A lot could be said and debated about whether or not Griffith has sexual or romantic feelings for Guts.  It's not implausible, but you have to keep in mind that Griffin is consistently portrayed as a narcissistic sociopath.  Sex, sexuality, and personal attachments in general are just tools to him. Part of his frustration and eventual breakdown over Guts's leaving is because Griffin views it as proof that he's allowed himself to grow weaker and soft.  He does realize that somehow Guts became more important than his lifelong dream; a dream he had been willing to sacrifice anything for, and had thought this included Guts and the rest of the Band. But he doesn't seem to experience this as "love for Guts" but rather "disgust with himself", as befits his narcissism.

"You are mine" means exactly that, it does not have entail any romantic feelings. It is the same when Griffith admits that only Guts was able to make him forget his dream, it can be because of their strong friendship.
There are very few hints that may suggest he likes Guts that way and all of them can have a different interpretation (i.e the reason he was thinking about Guts while having sex with Princess Charlotte might very well be because he had lost a good friend or simply because the princess reminds him of Guts).

I've always interpreted it as both romantic and possessive. Considering Griffith never said (I want you / you're mine now) to anyone else before or since, it's hard to take it any other way. Imagine if all army recruitment posters were like that. We know he's pretty eloquent, if he wanted to be clear that his words weren't vaguely sexual he'd have said it differently. And Guts completely agrees to all terms even when it means he might be Griffith's plaything.

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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What does the original Japanese title of "Spirited Away" mean?
The original title of the Japanese anime "Spirited Away" is "千と千尋の神隠し". I know that 千尋 is the name "Chihiro" and 神隠 means "spirited away", so the phrase "千尋の神隠" makes sense to me. But what is the purpose of the first "千" ("thousand")? What does the whole title mean?

The Wikipedia page has what you want:

"Sen and Chihiro's Spiriting Away"

Here, the 千 refers to "Sen". As кяαzєя notes, this is the name Yubaba uses to refer to Chihiro.

To clarify, Sen was Chihiro's name given by Yubaba. She stole her real name (dropping the last character of her given name) and her surname. It's not really a nickname... More of an alias akin to a stage name actors have.


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What is meaning of colon in Nisekoi second season name?
Nisekoi second season has a ":" in the name like "Nisekoi:". What is the meaning of that colon?

there must literally be “nothing” to say about the show.

style I guess?? Just there to set it apart from the first season. Like SaeKano Flat.

Many anime has different symbols used in it e.g Steins;Gate, you can refer this question

It's become something of a pattern that anime series will have some kind of notation to indicate sequel seasons. Obviously "Season 2" or variations thereof happen a lot (e.g. "Shokugeki no Soma The Second Plate"), but several shows add a small extra detail to the title instead. Besides Nisekoi:, here are a few:

Working!! became Working'!! became Working!!!
K-On! became K-On!!
Gintama became Gintama' became Gintama° became Gintama.


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Can English people (American Writers) produce anime shows and write manga?
This question has been asked between me and my friends for centuries. We were trying to make tiny novels of manga and produce an anime show for the art club we own. Seems as it is their culture and their talent. Can we really make only English anime/manga and dub it to Japanese?

Anyone can do doujinshi (manga and anime), online, or offline, regardless of language or ethnicity. How well it's received is another matter. Official serialized works on the other hand, are much more rare, barring exceptional talent and/or prestige. Its about as common as Japanese players playing Major League baseball in the US, as starters.

Yes. an example of this of an English Book becoming an anime is Deltora Quest

The Deltora Quest series is the collective title for three distinct series of children's fantasy books, written by Australian author Emily Rodda. It follows the adventures of three companions as they journey across the fictitious land of Deltora, endeavoring to recover the seven gems stolen from the magical Belt of Deltora and defeat allies of the evil Shadow Lord.

under Adaptations it says

A 65 part Deltora Quest anime series of the first eight books began its broadcast season in Japan on January 6, 2007. Rodda chose this option because she and her kids "love Japanese anime, and want any adaptation of Deltora to be cool".

this is backed up by it being on the anime's entry on Wikipedia under Production

The series was produced by Genco and the animation production at OLM and SKY Perfect Well Think. Rodda was originally approached with many film offers, but it was only this studio that promised to not change the story. The first episode was aired on January 6, 2007 in Japan.
...
Deltora Quest was originally licensed in North America by Geneon as one of their final licenses, but shut down before doing anything with the series. The series was then rescued by Dentsu's newly established North American branch, and they produced an English version of the series in association with Ocean Productions in Vancouver, British Columbia and recorded at their Calgary-based Blue Water Studios.

and since the anime only started being aired in the west in May 2010 this is an instance of an english written book being made into a japanese anime. while not American Emily Rodda is Australian and thus English

however making an "english anime" and dubbing it in japanese we have 2 close examples to this

Avatar

The series is presented in a style that combines anime with American cartoons and relies on the imagery of East-and-South Asian, Inuit, and New World societies.

however i don't know if it was ever subbed in Japan, though if not the possibility that it could be exists as Japan does localize western movies like Toy Story (it all depends on the licensing). i included this because fan still debate if this is anime or not where it was created in english
a better example however is RWBY

RWBY (/ˈruːbi/, like "ruby") is an American anime-style web series and media franchise created by Monty Oum for Rooster Teeth.

unlike Avatar we know it's been localized in Japan having been dubbed in Japanese

The series has also been dubbed in Japan and broadcast by Tokyo MX, in partnership with Warner Bros. Japan.

and also it's spawned a manga too which unlike Avatar's comics, was produced in Japan

The November 2015 issue of Shueisha's Ultra Jump magazine announced that Dogs manga author Shirow Miwa would be illustrating a manga adaptation of RWBY, which debuted in the December 2015 issue on November 19, 2015

however as кяαzєя pointed out this is rare. aside from the costs of the license to reproduce and distribute dubbing also increases the costs over subbing because of hiring Seiyuu and as we see with RWBY it had the backing of major companies like Wanner Brothers who do operate in Japan to (you'll see alot of Disney stuff gets localized because Disney operates in Japan too)
however, just like кяαzєя said there is always the doujinshi route. admittedly in the west (to my knowledge) it's not entirely the same where there are large conventions centered around presenting and selling doujinshi however as doujinshi (manga and light novel wise) are really just self-published work and self-publishing books has been made easier1 with the internet and digital distribution

1: some publishers like Amazon which facilitated self-published works have been trying to regain the control traditional publishes had since with self-publishing, traditional publishers doesn't have nearly as much control over gaining profits and intellectual propriety rights as they used to


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Are "avowed sisters" pseudohistory or a real/semi-real Persian custom in the past?
In volume 7 is the story of Anis and Sherine and them becoming "avowed sisters", which the author describes in the omake as a (Persian) custom around the 17-19 century, where two wives would have a marriage ceremony, go on a honeymoon, and be buried together, which is no different from an ordinary marriage between a man and a woman.
Of course I heavily doubt the authenticity of the author's words, as I can't find any information on the internet and find the idea implausible that I think it's just an excuse to draw boobs and yuri. What is the truth?

Given that the author is an enthusiast for the area (as can be seen in the extras of volumes), it is unlikely that everything is fictious. So I googled and stumbled below. This may not fully answer your question, but hopefully will be a starter.
There was a custom called ハーハル・ハーンデ (in romanization from JP to Latin alphabet: hahal hande) in up-to-19th-century Persia, on which 姉妹妻 (apparently translated to avowed sisters from your question) is based. The custom is described in ペルシア民俗誌, whose original title is Aqayid al-nisā, googling which leads to this article, which cites Customs and manners of the women of Persia, and their domestic superstitions as an English translation.
On the page I linked, there is the following passage:

if [the woman who receives a puppet] has little or no regard for the party, the puppet is dressed in black and returned.

which seems to match the description in the manga. I haven't read the whole thing, but it seems there did exist the custom of avowed sisters.

Note: The above is a result of searching in Japanese first then in English. Some Japanese sites mention the custom in connection with the manga, but I cannot really find anything about the custom in English.

That puppet excerpt is mostly identical to what appears in the manga. Kudos to you for digging up these sources. I will find time to read the whole thing.

Most of the customers depicted in the series are likely derived from pre-Muslim Persian traditions of Zoroastrianism, in this case were likely due to mutual aid and redistribution of wealth after the husband dies. While I'm not sure what what customs is being referred to, but Zoroastrianism has a tradition of a proxy marriage called stûrîh or "badal" in Arabic.


text:
How do I find reliable sources listing anime producers?
How do I find official or reliable first-hand sources for which companies produce an anime series? I usually refer to MyAnimeList and Anime News Network, but I cannot find official or company corroboration for some of their articles. Studios usually list their works on their official web page. Is there a similar website for licensors and production companies? Do I need to check the Japanese equivalent of the SEC? The best I could find are third-party non-affiliated sources like independent websites:
Natalie - Comic/manga discussion site.
AllCinema - Blu-ray and listing or schedules.
I want to know which companies pay for and get profit from the show in any way, from streaming to merchandise. I don't think an anime's official website is enough. For example, the website of Zom100 lists the studios and "production company", Shuo Shuisha Production. However, I am not sure if the "production company" refers to a member of the "Zom 100 Production Committee" or just the production assistance company, i.e. the company that handles some administrative jobs.
I want to do research as if I were checking "responsible sourcing." Kyoto Animation Studios is a profitable powerhouse that supposedly avoids underpaying staff. Do they also avoid working with "black companies" that don't share their good practices? I don't know, because I can't find reliable sources on which companies pay Kyoto Animation.

I'm not sure what exactly you are looking for, but things are not that transparent. Otherwise, a particular company can be easily flamed at on the web.

The ones paying and profiting off of an anime are the ones that are part of the production committee. This isn't necessarily public information.

To put it simply, a production committee is a joint venture subsidiary company created by various entities with the goal of producing a form of entertainment (this is not just an anime thing). They often receive the name "Title X" Committee / Partners, though sometimes they’ll give them cute in-universe names like "Bunny Mountain Shopping Street" or "Dragon Life Improvement Committee." They’re all essentially the same: some companies coming together to make a production. How they are formed and organized can vary significantly due to the companies involved.


text:
Which was the last anime (episode) to be aired in 4:3 that doesn't have a widescreen version?
I am looking for the last anime episode to be aired in 4:3 as part of regular programming that is not a gimmick.
Last episode aired in 4:3

Year
Ep
Anime

2010-03-25
201
Gintama

2009-03-26
120
Pocket Monsters: Diamond & Pearl

2009-02-13
53
Naruto Shippuuden

2008-04-09
166
Bleach

2006-11-13
456
Meitantei Conan

2004-10-10
206
One Piece

I've watched Bleach, it's also in 4/3 till over 200 episodes. But I remember One Peace. I saw it to about 600. From 100 it was already in 16/9

There's an HD release of One Piece where it's 16:9 from the first episode on. They just cut off the top and bottom, though.

It's not famous for me. Everything needs to be seen. People are drawing that :) the cropped out old western movies didn't had anything important at top and bottom. If it's how 16/9 is gotten, I prefer to keep 4/3 ... It could also be a way to love that "ancestors saga" animes


text:
Why do the No Game No Life anime show different scenes from the Studio Ghibli movies?
For example, in episode 5 of No Game No Life, there is a scene from the Castle in the Sky; and in episode 7, there is a scene from the movie Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind.
Could it be that the creator himself was a fan of Studio Ghibli? I haven't seen the entire series but I'm sure there are many more scenes from this studio

No Game No Life references a whole lot of anime and games, but you likely are only familiar with Ghibli, so you didn't recognize all the others.
Ep03: Gyakuten Saiban

Ep05: Akiba Trip, Steins;Gate, Persona 4

Ep07: Doraemon, Yuugi-ou and Shin Seiki Evangelion

Ep08: Meitantei Conan

Ep12: Jojo na Kimyou na Bouken

Great find! How do you recognize all those characters when they're not the main cast?

@GhibliFan007 It's easy to recognize characters you know about.


text:
Which was the first isekai tensei anime?
Someone in SciFi exchange Which was the first isekai tensei story mentioned Yojo Senki could be the first Isekai Tensei anime (not counting non anime stories, where the first "reincarnated into another world" story could be the american Barsoom books). Is this really the case?
Which was the first isekai tensei anime?

Very related: What is the relevancy between the common theme of Knight’s & Magic, In Another World With My Smartphone, and KonoSuba?

@AkiTanaka every season now in Japan new of these "reborn into another world" animes appear. Now it's like 2 or 3 per season at least.

By matters of technicality, Legend of Heavenly Sphere Shurato, from 1989, could be considered the first isekai reincarnation (転生) anime (in terms of Japanese anime). While the series starts out as a transmigration (転移) series, the protagonist finds out that he is a reincarnation of
an ancient king (of the same name first name) that ruled this otherworld.

Excluding anime about people being trapped in video games (not really reincarnation), the following titles predating Youjo Senki come to mind.
2002, Haibane Renmei
The previous life of the characters is a bit fuzzy, though.
2007, Yawaraka Sangokushi Tsukisase!! Ryofuko-chan
It's fairly similar to Youjo Senki in that adult men reincarnate into the bodies of little girls, but the world they arrive in is ours and they come from the past. Probably the warring states period.

Haibabe Renmei is a bit ambiguous as it's implied to be a purgatory of sorts for ppl that died in their childhood, waiting to reincarnate into the next life... The other one reems like a same world transmigration (I guess time travel?), was they are technically themselves, but genderbent.

In Ryofuko-chan it's unclear whether they come from the past or a fantasy world based on that past and as far as I remember they died and became little girls in our world. Would need to rewatch to say for sure.


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Who/What Is the woman that Watanuki meet in episode 22-23?

In xxxHolic S1E22-23, Watanuki met a woman and it harmed his health. I just wonder if that woman is actually Watanuki's mother?

Why didn't Watanuki meet/attract any other spirit/ghost when he encountered the woman? Is the woman indirectly protecting Watanuki from harm from any other spirit/ghost?

Why was Domeki able to see the woman? Domeki is often not able to see or hear spirits/ghosts in earlier episodes when Watanuki could. Does it mean the woman is not a bad or "ill intent" spirit/ghost? Because Domeki is able to see Zashiki Warashi, Pipe Fox, Ame Warashi and other spirits in the Demon Parade (Episode 18) etc.

That woman is not Watanuki's mother. It is obvious from these episodes that Watanuki views the woman as a substitute for his own mother, and that the woman views him as a substitute for her son For instance, in volume 6, the woman says

I wanted to do this with my son but he passed away quite a while ago. If he'd been allowed to grow up, he might have become a nice boy like yourself.

Watanuki and the woman are not related, and this shows in their dialogue. Watanuki doesn't recognize the woman, and she specifically says her son passed away. They each know that the other is not their mother/son, but they've both lost loved ones, and they seek each other's company to try and fill that void, both for their own sake, and the other.
As for not encountering any other spirits, Watanuki goes for long periods of time without encountering any in the manga, so it really isn't that unusual. This is especially true after he begins associating with Domeki, who repels spirits. From a story perspective, each spirit encounter tends to be focused. The spirit Watanuki is encountering right now is the woman, so other spirits would only be included in the encounter if they are relevant.
And lastly, for Domeki being able to see the woman, I have no answer. I do not think the manga actually offers an insight on why some spirits can be seen by everyone and others cannot. If it does, it would be difficult to glean. Given how difficult it would be to analyze and answer this part, I believe this needs to be asked as a separate question, which I see you have already done here: Why can Domeki sometimes see Ghost/Spirit?
Later on in the manga, Watanuki's mother is revealed; however, this is a very big spoiler for both Tsubasa and xxxHolic, so please be wary of reading further.

  Watanuki was created when the real Syaoran from Tsubasa made a wish. Watanuki is basically a clone of Syaoran. Thus, Watanuki considers his parents to be Syaoran's parents. This is why it is significant that Syaoran and Watanuki share a birthday (also, Sakura, but that's not relevant here).

Continuing on, there's an even bigger spoiler.

 Watanuki and Syaoran's parents did not die in a car crash. They are still alive. This is stated in xxxHolic. The fortune teller from earlier in the series comes to Yuko to correct her statement that Watanuki's parents had moved on, saying she was mistaken, and they were merely far away and unable to come to him.

Here's the biggest spoiler of all. Seriously, if you are planning on finishing xxxHolic and Tsubasa, don't read this.

 The real Syaoran's (and by extension, Watanuki's) parents are the fake Syaoran and fake Sakura. This is done via time looping. Fake Syaoran and fake Sakura end up dying, but Yuko grants them a wish to reincarnate as real people, which they do, in the past. You can see this in volume 28 of Tsubasa.


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Why does Saten call Uiharu (a girl) "Kazari-kun" (her given name, which she almost never uses) when failing to find Shadow Metal?
In season 3 of the Railgun anime, episode 4 starting at 3:52 and happening at 4:15, Saten and Uiharu are working together to look for Shadow Metal in a stadium during the Daihaseisai festival. When they don't seem to be having luck finding any, Saten says to Uiharu (quoting the English subtitles):

This is it, Kazari! A conspiracy! A conspiracy! If you go after Shadow Metal, some people say you'll get targeted by a mysterious organization!

In the Japanese speech being transcribed to subtitles though, she actually says "Kazari-kun!", which I found quite confusing:

Wikipedia's article on Japanese Honorifics says "Kun is a semi-formal title for a man—primarily men younger or the same age as the speaker." But Uiharu is a girl. If anything, wouldn't Saten have said "Kazari-chan"?
It was pointed out to me in the comments that in that same Wikipedia article, the full section on "Kun" also says:

Kun can mean different things depending on gender. Kun for females is a more respectful honorific than -chan, implying childlike cuteness. Kun is not only used to address females formally; it can also be used for a very close friend or family member. Calling a female -kun is not insulting and can also mean that the person is respected, although that is not the normal implication. [...] The general use of -kun for females implies respectful endearment and that the person being referred to is sweet and kind.

So that mostly resolves that part of my confusion, but...

Saten almost always calls Uiharu "Uiharu" (family name) and not "Kazari" (given name). It's surprising that she suddenly calls her by her given name.
To my memory, this is the first time she ever does that in the anime. When I first watched this scene, I had to google who "Kazari" was to find out it was Uiharu's given name, since that was the first time I had heard it.
She switches right back to "Uiharu" at 5:02 of the same episode (less than one minute later). In other words, it was a one-off event.

Why does Saten call Uiharu "Kazari-kun" in that context?
Given that Saten using "kun" for Uiharu is not culturally out of place , the question can be refactored as:
Why not "Uiharu-kun" (Uiharu is the family name) instead of "Kazari-kun" (Kazari is the given name)? I don't know much about the cultural aspect with honorific suffixes here. Is it just that one culturally tends to or only uses these suffixes with the given name? Why is Saten calling Uiharu by her given name at all here?
I've only watched the anime and haven't read the light novel or manga adaptation. Is there context in there that I'm missing?
Is this a reference to something? Ex. Is she pretending to be a specific detective like Sherlock adressing a specific male partner like Watson?
I tried googling toaru railgun "kazari-kun" and toaru railgun "kazari kun" to see if this question had already been asked somewhere on the net, but all I got was a fanfiction.

I need to get around to watching T one of these days ^_^;; does she continue to use "Kazari" afterwards, or does she revert to "Uiharu"? If the former, this might suggest they are now closer fren and so would use first names (Uiharu is more formal so this might not be reciprocated immediately); if the latter, maybe it's a one-off gag with Saten being silly. You might call someone first name-kun e.g. in a workplace setting, regardless of gender (first example that comes to mind is Genjuurou referring to "Hibiki-kun" in Symphogear).

I just updated with the timestamp. Saten reverted back to calling her "Uiharu" within one minute without calling her "Kazari-kun" a second time.

This is a nuance of context here. Saten uses's Uiharu's given name as a sign of their closeness. She adds -kun here a bit partially in jest and partially to show respect, ironically. The -chan honorific here can be seen as too childish or cute to be used in this context.
This might be a parody of sorts, to certain series like Detective Conan, where despite Conan being a child physically, he's able to solve difficult cases, in a way calling him kun, treats him as a colleague of equal or lower standing vs just a child.
So in a sense, yes, it is like a conversation between a detective talking to their assistant, it has an air if closeness and formality at the same time. Imagine a group of close friends getting ready to play some friendly yet competitive game, and one saying "gentlemen, the game is a foot", signalling the start of the game. You're all buddies and the formality here is just used in jest.

It's really a nuances of the language, here so citing the novel or the manga won't do much if you don't have an good understanding of the language


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Naruto manga full order
Does any body know any website for the complete list of ALL the Naruto manga and in order not just the 72 volumes?

Wikipedia provides this list... what else would you be looking for?

When you say "Not just the 72 volumes" could you elaborate on that? The only thing that comes to mind is Boruto which is the sequel series to Naruto or possibly the embedded side stories like Kakashi Gaiden which have normal chapter numbers


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What is actually happening in the last episode of GITS:SAC 2045
In the last (and second to last) episode of Ghost in the Shell - Stand alone Complex 2045 quite a few things happen and because of reasons we can't be quite sure which of these actually happened and which are illusions, planted memories or similar. Which of these happened?
All of these are major Spoilers!
1.

 The nukes are launched. If the launch is an illusion or doublethink, whose illusion?

 The smart gas is released, however most of N survive thanks to the pods. Or is the smart gas ultimately not triggered because the US Government joined N?

 all of section 9 except Kusanagi, Togusa and Esaki are killed

 This would imply that all the scenes we see with section 9 at the end happen inside Kusanagis mind. The last scene between Batou and Kusanagi is a farewell, "Batou" thinks Kusanagi will vanish for a while. In fact Kusanagi will jank the cables from Takamura, ending her own doublethink and thus "Batous" existence: "The next singularity will take us to the stars. We live in this time and this reality" implies that she does not agree with the N-singularity / doublethink

But then, maybe there's clues that some of the above, or most of it, did not happen, Or did not happen quite that way, or not neccessarily. Clues that I missed.

The nukes are launched. If the launch is an illusion or doublethink, whose illusion?

It could be that the person would see what he/she wishes to see, but given it was seen by Easki and Kusanagi, it probably was launched, but was not targeting anyone. Directional red herring #1 but one thing we are certain is that no nuclear war occurred.

all of section 9 except Kusanagi, Togusa and Esaki are killed

We can assume if one gets hacked, one would start double thinking.
Boma
He got hacked, then the brain got jacked out. However in the world of GitS that does not mean he is dead. His later appearance shows him in wheelchair, which can explain he is getting used to the body again.
Ishikawa
He got hacked, then we see explosion from the outside. The explosion may not mean anything though. It could be he was lead to release the grenade safely in the real world.
Saito
He got hacked, and then see himself from afar. Both of himself sniped each other. Again it could be an illusion. What I don't understand is that, once the original Saito fall down, and then disappeared, yet the one from afar fall down and was still present. Could say the one from afar is some other sniper, and original Saito was taken away by Tachikoma next to him.
Batou
He was hacked very early on, was shot offscreen and was shown to be unresponsive, but I'd say he was merely disabled.

is the smart gas ultimately not triggered because the US Government joined N?

We first see smart gas being released with signs of snow. Then we have the scene where Chris the prime minister tries to contact United States President. We are later told that Kusanagi's first contact with Chris passed virus to Chris, and Chris then established the communication to the US, spreading the virus there. Therefore the smart gas was indeed released.
However the director really teased us here, as we were shown Chris hang up an rotary dial phone, failing to establish communication with the US President. We can only assume communication later happened off-screen. I don't like the direction though, since we have to assume virus spread through rotary dial phone which usually I'd assume otherwise.
Overall there are too many red herrings in ep 11, so I stopped caring anymore.


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Is the dad Isanari of the Uesugi siblings, Fūtarō and Raiha, named after Izanami or Izanagi given the kids are named after Fūjin and Raijin?
The kids' names are Fūtarō (Fuutarou) and Raiha.
As we see here referencing this, they are named after the gods, resp, Fūjin (Fuujin) and Raijin.
I notice the gods have Izanami as a parent, and then Izanami apparently has a child with another god, Izanagi. So Isanari is named after Izanami or Izanagi, right?

It is an interesting guess, but I can't find any website mentioning this (You could be the first one). One thing is that 勇也 is much more commonly read Yuuya, but Isanari seems an authentic one (not just made up). That said, it is possible the author chose it because of the similarity to Izanagi.

@sundowner a posteriori: Devil's proof. A priori: post as answer anyway man/girl? XD thanks as usual! (i don't have to accept it. so community will bump it and then by cunningham's law we can see if we're wrong. idk how we'd know if we'd be right without an article or word from the author though.)


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Are threads as weapons real?
There are multiple manga/anime that depict threads as weapons. For example in Basilisk :

Are these weapons based on real world counterparts?

Realistic example from science fiction: in Liu Cixin's The Three-Body Problem they use nanowires to destroy a ship.

Depends on the results you're looking for (slicing vs choking). Realistically there is no current application of any material (carbon nanotubes composites included) thin enough and with enough tensile strength to be the equivalent of razor wire/floss that can cut thru things as if they were pudding.
This sort of trope is likely to have been inspire in part by the garrote wire (sometimes also referred to as the strangulation wire). This was a preferred method of silent assassinations in the 17th and 18th centuries and especially in WWII by the French Foreign Legion, among other things.


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What pronouns are used to refer to Foo Fighters in the Japanese version of Stone Ocean?
I'm asking what pronouns Foo Fighters uses for herself, or what other characters use when referring to him/her in the Japanese version of JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Part 6: Stone Ocean. I am aware that he/she's actually something like a colony of plankton living inside a woman's corpse, and that the English version elected to use "they/them", but I want to know what pronouns are used in the Japanese version.

which episode/ minute? Or are you talking about the manga?

They are many. You are but one.

@Pablo Does it differ between the anime & manga? If it differs between the anime and manga that would be good to know as well. In particular it was from episode 17 onward, in which Foo Fighters does a lot of fighting while other characters watch and comment that the use of they/them in the English subtitles became apparent to me. Two specific examples would be: in episode 17 a bad guy uses "they/their" around 7:00, and in episode 18, around 2:20 Jolyne uses "their" a several times in a row. Those would be episode 5 and 6 of the "second batch" of 12 episodes.

@ashaad.montgomery I've watched the anime a while ago, I dont remember it very well. I didnt read the manga. I believe I watched it subbed. I asked you because may be I can rewatch it later and tell you

They're called "F・F" which is (obviously) abbreviation of Foo Fighters, or sometimes called as "あんた" which is colloquial version of "あなた", which means "you".
As far as I remember, they weren't called with pronouns, though Japanese fanbase sometimes call them as "she/her", though it's quite rare since we also usually call them as Foo Fighters or F・F.
Side note: In Japanese, there's no words that's equivalent to "they/them", so we usually call non-binary people as their name or nickname. So, in this case, "F・F" is the equivalent word of they/them. That might be the reason that English version used "they/them" as Foo Fighter's pronouns.

The character in question uses "atashi" to refer to themselves in the first person later on. While it is feminine sounding it's not exclusively to one gender. https://dic.nicovideo.jp/t/a/%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA

@кяαzєя Ah, yes. I should have wrote that in my post. Most of (or maybe all of) first person isn't exclusive to one gender, so I've completely ignored about the fact that the Foo Fighters called themselves as atashi. Thank you for your comment.

Thanks to both Skye-AT and кяαzєя. This might be digressing a little, but when you say atashi is not exclusive to one gender, do you mean in anime, or in real life as well? I'm aware anime sometimes have this trope called "Bokukko", where tomboys might use "Boku", but I have also heard from others that it would apparently be considered unusual in real life for a girl to use "boku", so I understand anime does not always reflect reality. My understanding is that atashi is most commonly used by girls and young women. Sorry if this comes off a bit dumb, Im still learning about Japan, thanks again.

@ashaad.montgomery It's in real life as well. I've actually seen a girl who uses "boku" as their first person too (though she've changed that to watashi later on). In regards to your understanding, yes that is correct. I'd say 90~95% of users of atashi as their first person is women (as far as I'm aware age doesn't matter though).

@Skye-AT Thank you very much, I think that answers just about everything.

Just to add in, FF uses atashi when she becomes Etro. Prior to that it was watashi, which is more gender-neutral. This is because FF reads Etro's memory and is disguising as her.


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Why do characters in anime/manga eat their lunches in restrooms?
I have seen many times in anime and manga that a character eats his/(mainly)her lunch in a toilet.
Examples include Nagisa from Kanojo mo Kanojo who used to eat her lunch in the restroom. (Revealed in Episode 3)
Another example is Yuria from Mieruko-chan, who is caught by the MC eating sitting on a toilet. (Revealed in Vol.3 Chapter.17)
Why do characters in anime/manga eat their lunches in restrooms? Is this kind of behaviour a meme in Japan or due to some special culture in Japan? How common is this practice in Japan?
Besides, I noticed the characters involved in such behaviour seem to have one thing in common: they are introvert and don't have many friends. I am not sure whether this common trait have anything to do with their choice of restroom as a place for lunch, though.

oh also Fuutarou Uesugi sort of in S01E01 of TQQ

I'll leave this first because currently I don't have time for further research, feel free to peruse it: Wikipedia - Toilet meal

That looks very unhygenic

Another trope is eating lunch on rooftops

This is meme-ish thing in Japan. Most of Japanese otaku community member was socially divided by their classmates (because what you call Jocks don't like this kind of culture and tends to despise otaku). In the end, some of them end up eating their lunch at somewhere that can be alone, such as toilet, sometimes rooftops (most of Japanese schools prohibits to enter the rooftop unlike in animations and mangas so it's quite calm at there), etc... so that they can eat their meals in peace.
Now the time has changed, thanks to social games like FGO, Genshin Impact, Azur lane, etc... the otaku isn't much getting bullied, so I believe they're not experiencing things like this.
However, the meme continues; we tend to tell the story to make it seem as if we were, this time, ate lunch at toilet. I've personally never seen or heard someone eating lunch at toilet (well that's the purpose so there might be, it's like Schrodinger's cat: There might be someone eating their lunch in the toilet, or not), hence the some characters eats their lunch in the toilet.

Tropes like these, which serve as a useful shorthand, often long outlive the circumstances where they were true.

School roofs are mostly off limits in anime, too, the characters just break the rule and steal the key, if needed. That's why it is rarely busy up there.


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Why does school bullying keep showing up in manga?
School bullying has always been an element in manga, but why? Is it because school bullying is common in Japan, or some other reason? If it indeed has something to do with the common bullying in real life, who is more likely to be bullied in school? How does this fact affect the related manga?

why does bullying show up in western series?

Bullying in school is not rare pretty much regardless of culture, so it ends up as a common theme in a lot of media (especially media targeted at younger demographics).

@AustinHemmelgarn Correct! And UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) sees bullying a a global issue.

Bullying is a persistent problem in Japan. It has its own term called "ijime". The Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has been tracking reported cases of ijime since 1985. Although it has gradually altered its definition along the way, it has always said bullying will be considered as such no matter if it occurs at, or outside of, the school. The definition goes sometimes like this:

Ijime is an act by a student, or students, toward another student that inflicts some physical or psychological consequence causing the receiving child mental or physical suffering.

Over the years, cases of bullying is on the rise, mostly in elementary school (more statistics in reference):

Hence, we find bullying a common theme in manga and anime. Anime/Manga focusing on high school life/romance sometimes contains scenes of bullying. An anime whose primary focus was bullying was A Silent Voice. This anime film examined the impact of bullying from the perspectives of the bullied and the bully with an uplifting message. A big part of what makes A Silent Voice stand out as a film is that it examines bullying in a rather unconventional way. It does a lot more than set a former bully on a path toward redemption by reconciling with his former classmate; it also looks at some of the reasons bullying happens in the first place and how that impacts others who are caught in the crossfire. The film also scrutinizes the school system's failure to protect vulnerable children and prevent bullying. This film was also primary subject on the study "Framing School Violence and Bullying in Young Adult Manga". You can find the details in the reference.
Reference

Bullying in Japan

BULLYING IN JAPAN: SUICIDES, EXTORTION AND THE OTSU SCHOOL BULLYING CASE
Bullying Incidents Reported at 83% of Japanese Schools
Most common forms of bullying behavior among students in Japan in 2020
Bullying in Japanese SchoolsModern Bullying Attacks Not Just The Odd Ones Out
Why is bullying so vicious in Japanese schools?
Is bullying in Japan really that extreme like it's on anime? - MAL forum
Bullying in Japanese Schools by Futoshi Kobayashi

A Silent Voice

A Silent Voice Examines The Impact of Bullying On Both Victims and Perpetrators
Framing School Violence and Bullying in Young Adult Manga by Drew Emanuel Berkowitz

It's hilarious to say "it has its own term called [japanese word]". Of course, [virtually] every language has a word for bullying, and "ijime" by no means refers to school bullying in particular. Both the verb and the noun have a far more general meaning and have been around for quite some time. However, yes, of course, the word is commonly used in relation to bullying in schools. It's just rather uncanny to put it as having its own term, as if that is somehow a confirmation of the seriousness of the issue, despite all other major languages also having a special term for bullying, logically.

@natiiix, I understand the sentiment, but actually there is no good translation of “bullying” into German. That does of course not mean that it does not exist here.

@CarstenS What do you call it then? Well, either way, that kind of confirms my point that the existence of a term, or lack thereof, do not necessarily correlate with the seriousness of an issue. For instance, the Czech language, as well as other Slavic languages, has several different words that you could potentially use when talking about bullying, bullies or the bullied, and so does Japanese to some extent (it is an incredibly flexible language, so you can always create a handful of easily understood terms that mean something), but "ijime" is a rather general harassment using one's power.

@natiiix, I googled a bit, and nowadays the term “Mobbing” seems to be used often. Of course, there are also older, but less specific terms. (I would almost have said “more German” terms, but then the verb “tyrannisieren” is not that German either ;) )

@CarstenS The modern word is "mobbing", yes, but it used to be called "hänseln" in Germany. The dictionary will translate this to "teasing", which incidentally is also how "Ijime" would be translated.

@Ocean, right, but “hänseln” sounds rather harmless to me, which may have been the attitude regarding this problem for a long time. “Mobbing”  is now understood to be a serious problem, but it also, at least to me, doesn’t have the physical component that bullying can have. Anyway, that’s not the question here ;)

@CarstenS "Ijime" is also a rather harmless word.

The entire industry is a bit incestuous. It is less common for modern manga to actually reflect reality and more common for manga to reflect other manga.
Bullying might or might not be an actual issue, but the real reason it keeps popping up in manga is because there are plenty of manga thematizing bullying.
It is very rare to find a manga about something that you cannot also find in many previous manga.
Take another common but more modern issue like kids spending too much money on gacha and getting in serious trouble. There aren't many older manga with this as a theme and thus there aren't many newer manga with this as a theme either.

Regarding "its rare to find a manga about something that hasn't been done before". Isn't that just generally true about all media? Given how long manga, TV, etc. have been around its inevitable most things that can be done, have been done. Just because a manga is doing something that's been done before doesn't mean it can't add new spin (Kaguya-sama is a classic will-they-won't-they romcom but it has topical inclusions like Discord and Vtubers) or a manga tackling a new thing uses tried and tested tropes (a Gacha game manga borrowing heavily from old gambling manga)

The anime and manga industry being incestuous doesn't prevent them from putting a new spin on things. It prevents them from reflecting reality. Bullying being a theme is because it was a theme before, not because there is an endemic of bullying going on in Japan.


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Which Oishinbo episodes were omitted from airing on the official Oishinbo YouTube channel?
It seems not all of the episodes from the original TV airing of the anime were released on the official Oishinbo YouTube channel, so the numbers don't match up it other episode lists such as on the disc releases and other Japanese streaming services.
Which episodes were skipped? Was there a reason given?

A total of 15 episodes were skipped for various reasons of political correctness or general fit for general (modern-day vs the contemporary era when it originally aired) and western audiences. The original episode airing numbers are:
15, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 40, 42, 51, 54, 55, 95, and 123
Such reason include but are not limited to: depictions male chauvinistic behavior (sometimes female gender roles in society), certain episodes involving Toujin Touyama's much younger spouse, the controversial topic of whale hunting, polarizing episodes on topics like water and car pollution, chemical usage in food production such as tofu and  kamaboko paste, he use of locally sourced vs mass-produced ingredients in certain products, under-aged drinking and delinquency.
The author of the series is known for his polarizing and contraversial viewpoints which has gotten them and their series into trouble before. The most recent one being their depictions related to Fukushima post-disaster, which got the series suspended by the publisher for a time, due to local criticism and political pressure.
A notable exception maybe a battle between the Ultimate menu vs the Supreme menu, with one side opting to prove a specific point, involving less than appealing ingredients to a Western audience.


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How much heat damage can Misaka's shocks do to a regular human at max output?
A resistor produces/dissipates heat when a voltage drop is applied. A human body has the property of electrical resistance.
How much heat dissipation would occur (or could theoretically occur) if Misaka used her ability to the max on a regular human of similar build to herself?
My attempt at setting up the math
For a compilation of information about Misaka's abilities, see the dedicated page on the Toaru wiki site.

Misaka's maximum electrical output is 1 billion volts (according to the toaru wiki, citing the Railgun manga's first chapter and the light novel's second volume's first chapter's second part)

I'm not aware of any stated limits on her ability to induce electrical currents, but according to the Toaru wiki page on the Railgun ability, Misaka's application of the ability uses approximately 2,250,000 amps, citing the Index light novel Volume 20 Chapter 3 Part 7. Quoting from the Toaru wiki page:

The third-ranked Level 5 is able to fire a metal projectile at three times the speed of sound by utilizing a great amount of electricity, supposedly somewhere in the region of 2,250,000 amperes, or about 1,000,000 volts, 1/10th of her power.

Note: I personally don't quite understand the logic/calculation with the amps, volts, and power in that quote. Maybe I'm missing some context.

According to Joule Heating, (quoting wikipedia,) "the power of heating generated by an electrical conductor equals the product of its resistance and the square of the current: P = I^2 R."
For direct current (assuming that's the natural first choice for Misaka's abilities (though I don't doubt she could use alternating current)), one can use P = I (V_A - V_B) and P = V^2 / R.

The specific heat formula says Q = m c delta_T, which can be rearranged to delta_T/delta_t = P/(m c).

According to Which is the specific heat of human body? (A Q&A on our [chem.se] site), a good rough estimate for the specific heat of an average human body is 3.3 kJ/(kg K).

According to wikipedia (Electrical_injury#Body_resistance),

The resistance of human skin varies from person to person and fluctuates between different times of day. The NIOSH states "Under dry conditions, the resistance offered by the human body may be as high as 100,000 ohms. Wet or broken skin may drop the body's resistance to 1,000 ohms," adding that "high-voltage electrical energy quickly breaks down human skin, reducing the human body's resistance to 500 ohms".

The Toaru wiki page on Misaka doesn't seem to have information on her body mass, but it does say that she is 161cm in height, and According to wikipedia (Human_body_weight#Ideal_body_weight):

The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula [...]
Female ideal body weight = 45.5 kilograms (100 lb) + 0.9 kilograms (2.0 lb) × (height (cm) − 152)

I've provided a self-answer based on my own (limited) knowledge and understanding of physics and the Toaru universe. Please consider providing a better answer if you are equipped to do so!
Note: If you're wondering what practical purpose this question serves, it's as a precursor to "How does Misaka survive heat dissipation in her own body when using her abilities?"

I don't think there's enough information to tell. Her output may be a billion volts, but is that open circuit voltage? Does the voltage drop when a load is applied?

@forest I don't know. I'm not sure if the light-novels specify. I've watched the anime, but I haven't read the light novels or manga adaptation and I have very little physics background so I don't think I'd know how to apply that info even if I knew it.

I think the information is vital to knowing the answer. Many voltage-boosting techniques (such as charge pumps) only apply a high voltage with low load, so they're useful for electrostatic applications, but the voltage rapidly drops when any load is applied. You're modeling Misaka as a voltage source, but there's no reason to think she is. Without knowing such basic information about how she works, it would be impossible to make any assumptions about her capabilities.

For example, I could quite easily create a device that can generate a million volts, but you could touch the leads and only feel a faint shock. Meanwhile, a mere 120 volts could kill if the source (such as an outlet) can maintain a high current. Usually when extremely high voltages are involved (like a billion volts), the source is a current source, which tries to increase voltage until a certain current is flowing, and if the circuit is open, the voltage can get very high. However it may only be able to push 5 mA, in which case the voltage will drop very rapidly under even nominal load.

@forest I found some info on her current-inducing abilities (specifically when using the railgun) and edited. I couldn't find info on her limits for current, but I guess it's better than nothing.

Even for an anime physics question this is pretty off topic. One has to assume many favors in regard to heat dissipation, such as environment (temp, humidity, etc.), location (open, enclosed, etc.), What the human is wearing, it's body composition, etc. Furthermore Mikoto is known for holding back, especially in these tests, as seen on her fight with Therestina Kihara Lifeline piloting the giant MAR powered suit in epi 24 of Railgun S1 (Poltergeist arc)

@кяαzєя can you elaborate on how those points make this question off-topic? I don't quite follow. And are those points exchaustive? Is there anything else I'd have to address to make it on-topic?

And by "favors", did you mean "factors"? I'm guessing yes, but just wanted to clarify.

If I understand you correctly, your point about the science-related factors is saying this question is not focused enough (doesn't have enough detail to make the answers focused), so it just needs enough constraints to make answers focused- correct? But I don't understand how your second point about Misaka frequently holding back shows this question is off-topic. In fact (with all due respect!), I think that comment is off-topic to this question: This question states that it's about Misaka using max output (i.e. when she is not holding back).

The thing is that there are multiple factors at play that skew answers one way or another, for one, mikoto has many different "max"output depending on certain situations and they scale in different directions. As a level 5? In her form approving level 6? With her full armament when she and misaki attack the Windowless Building in NT vol 18? The question itself straddles the border between a pure physics question that is poorly scoped and an anime physics type questions.

Instead of focusing on in-universe scenarios it's more like a question of theoretical power scaling, such as if X have Y power at Q time, how powerful will they be compare to A with B at F time.

Ok. Thanks for taking the time to engage with me. I've learned from your comments.

This question is being discussed on the meta.

Disclaimer: I have a very limited knowledge and understanding of physics and the Toaru universe. If you are equipped to give a better answer, please consider doing so.
The following calculation is based on modeling Misaka as a voltage source instead of a current source. I have no idea if that's consistent with canon.
The above formulae can be arranged to give delta_T/delta_t = V^2 / (R m c), where

delta_T is change in temperature
delta_t is change in time
V is 1 billion volts
R is a reasonable resistance value for the human body (I'll use the 500Ω value that occurs when human skin breaks down due to high voltage)
m is an estimate of Misaka's body mass, which can be calculated by her height and the Devine formula to be 53.6kg
c is a reasonable estimate for the human body's specific heat, which is 3.3 kJ/(kg K)

That would be (unless I've made any stupid errors) (10^9 V)^2 / (500 Ω * 53.6 kg * 3.3*10^3 J/(kg K)), which equals 11307100859.33966531 Kelvin/second (or alternatively, degrees Celcius per second).
In scientific notation, that's 1.13071 x 1010 Kelvin/second.
Just multiply that by one second to get the change in temperature after one second.
For reference (from wikipedia, the temperature of the sun is):

Center (modeled): 1.57×10^7 K
Photosphere (effective): 5,772 K

So if the physical matter of the poor hypothetical soul whose similar-in-build-to-Misaka, shocked-by-Misaka-at-maximum-output body could somehow remain intact for 1.388508 milliseconds, that's how long it would take for it to reach the (modeled) temperature of the center of the sun.
The above calculations do not take into account that a material's specific heat can vary with temperature (although at high temperatures, the variation is minimal, so that may not have any dramatic effect here), and of course, the already-stated (from the wikipedia quote) fact that the electrical resistance of the human body varies with temperature- especially at extremes. If we were considering the material to get incinerated (as it would in reality, instead of magically staying intact), then we'd want to account for which materials burn away first (Ex. I'm guessing fat and muscle would go before the bones).
But regardless, if you're planning to make Misaka angry, you'd better bring a Touma with you.


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How did Fold of Dawn get hold of Gundams?
In the final two episodes of Gundam: Witch From Mercury S1, the Plant Quetta space station is attacked by the Earthian terrorist group Fold of Dawn, who have somehow obtained Gundams. Furthermore, in S2 Ep.7 (which is where I'm up to), Prospera Mercury comes across a whole stash of Gundams that apparently belong to Fold of Dawn.
I don't understand where they got all these Gundams from. My naive understanding is that all the Gundams were destroyed in the attack on Ochs Earth during the Prologue, and that Aerial is the only one left. I know that Fold of Dawn were secretly being backed by Shaddiq Zenelli, but again, I don't understand how he could have gotten hold of Gundams to give them to Fold of Dawn in the first place.
I think this may have been explained at some point, but there are so many different factions at play that it went completely over my head. So I'll ask simply: how did Fold of Dawn get their hands on Gundams? Or - assuming they got them from Shaddiq - how did he get his hands on Gundams?

it's because while Ochs Earth was thought to have been disbanded, it was still operating developing Gundams for the Space Assembly League

Ochs Earth was believed to have been disbanded by this time. However, they actually continued to operate in secret by building new Gundams, being the developers of the EDM-GA-01 Gundam Lfrith Ur and EDM-GA-02 Gundam Lfrith Thorn. They were funded in these endeavors by the Space Assembly League, who intended to use the Gundams to crack down on the Benerit Group for their continued administrative overreach. Prospera Mercury learned of their intentions and destroyed Ochs Earth's facilities at Quinharbor using the XVX-016RN Gundam Aerial Rebuild

Source: Ochs Earth Corporation > History > A.S. 122
But then how did Fold of Dawn get hold of them?
(SPOILERS OF THE FINAL EPISODE)

 it was likely through Shaddiq, to quote Wikipedia

 "... while Miorine announces that she has formally dissolved the Benerit Group and sold off its assets to Earth, so the Space Assembly League has no more legal authority to act. [Miorine] also threatens to publicly release Shaddiq's confession about his secret dealings with the Space Assembly League."


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Is it rare for two different anime to share the same OP/ED song?
I have watched the anime Ano Hi Mita Hana no Namae wo Bokutachi wa Mada Shiranai. It has the ED song

"secret base ~Kimi ga Kureta Mono~ (10 years after ver.) (secret base
  〜君がくれたもの〜（10 years after Ver.）)" by Meiko Honma (Ai Kayano), Naruko
  Anjou (Haruka Tomatsu), Chiriko Tsurumi (Saori Hayami)

A few years later after I watched AnoHana, I watched an old anime, Kyou no 5 no 2. I heard one of its ED songs, and it's really similar to AnoHana's ED song. The title of Kyou no 5 no 2's ED song was like:

"secret base ~Kimi ga Kureta Mono~ 「secret base ～君がくれたもの～」" by Friends:
  Yuu Kobayashi, Asami Shimoda, MAKO, Satomi Akesaka, Youko Honda, Kana
  Asumi

So my question: Is it possible/rare for a song that is used in the OP/ED of an anime to be used also in the OP/ED of a different anime?
Has this ever happened to other anime? Or is it just a coincidence?

I am no expert, but my guess would be that songs are "rented"  and/ or exclusively produced for anime. A studio probably buys the rights to use this song in their OP and ED.

Raildex is fairly correct here. OP and EDs can just be any old song, however there tends to be less of an overlap as most shows tend to opt for having custom done songs for their show, however there are examples of songs just using whatever's popular and seemingly fits the show. Shows like JoJo and Mushishi both use foreign songs they've obtained the rights to, and other shows could easily do the same, so I wouldn't put it past this having happened at some point, but I would say it certainly it is a rare occurrence for shows to share the same song.

ranma 1/2 and di gi charat nyo share one ending "equal romance" in both cases preformed by different artists

For the "secret base", the original song was released 2001 and used for live action drama "Kids war". I think both 5 no 2 (2008) and anohana (2011) just uses famous song.
The other example is Ya Boy Kongming! (2022) ep is Kibun-joujou which is released in 2006 and used in TV show in that time.

After some research Heaven's Lost Property uses random JPOP for each end song for each episode.

Very rare.
The only instance I can think of is Elfen Lied (2004) and Otogizoushi (2004).
And it's very indirect.
Both of them share the same ED Single CD which has these tracks:

Be your girl
Hoshi ni negai wo
Be your girl (karaoke)
Hoshi ni negai wo (karaoke)

"Be your girl" is the ED of Elfen Lied, while "Hoshi ni negai wo" is the ED of Otogizoushi.

damn, finally some fine answer

I haven't seen these but I read that the ff song

"Asu e no Tobira" (Japanese: 明日への扉, Asu e no Tobira) is a song performed by the pop group I Wish.

is used in
1 - Teasing Master Takagi-san: The Movie

Ending theme music
In June 2022, it was revealed that the film's ending theme music would change weekly for four weeks, beginning with Rie Takahashi performing "The Door to Tomorrow" (明日への扉, Asu e no Tobira) by I Wish on the first week of its release.

2 - ReLIFE S01E10

10    "Asu e no Tobira" (明日への扉)   I Wish

3 - Kase-san

The main theme is a cover of I WiSH's 2003 song "Asu e no Tobira" (明日への扉, Door Towards Tomorrow), performed by Minami Takahashi and Ayane Sakura.


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Why does Mizuto say Yuni-san but Yume says Mineaki-oji-san?
You can answer either for the series in particular or for in general about Japanese culture/language.

Mizuto both addresses and refer to Yuni as Yuni-san while Yume both addresses and refers to Mineaki as Mineaki-oji-san.

What exactly does this mean? Is it like Yume and Mineaki were closer than Yuni and Mizuto prior to the wedding? I think of like how nee / nee-chan / nee-san suggests being closer than -san eg in Kaguya-sama S01E08 / Chapter 39 when Kaguya wants Kei to address Kaguya as Kaguya-nee-san instead of Kaguya-san.
Or maybe it's the reverse: In Higurashi / Umineko, Battler Ushiromiya refers to & addresses step-mother Kyrie Ushiromiya as Kyrie-san instead of, I guess, Kyrie-oba-san.

Rudolf's second wife. She is also one of Rudolf's business partners, always assisting him in shady dealings and keeping him in line when he gets out of hand. Kyrie and Battler have bonded more as close friends with a sibling-like relationship rather than mother and son, with Battler going as far as always calling her "Kyrie-san." She is known for her "flip the chessboard" mentality, influencing Battler in this regard. She had actually dated Rudolf long before his first wife Asumu, who she envies for marrying Rudolf while she was still going out with him. They were pregnant at the same time, though Kyrie's son was believed to have been a stillborn when Asumu gave birth to her son Battler.

Or maybe it's like okaa-san > Kyrie-san > Kyrie-oba-san ?

Cross-posted from Japanese.SE: https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/98264/5464

Short answer is, calling a woman obasan is getting uncommon these days unless she is a real aunt, mostly because obasan implies the woman is old (and maybe Japanese soceity is aging fast?).
One factor is that Mizuto is mature enough not to need a mother really. If he is a child, calling Yuni okaa-san/mama just after remarriage may be possible, but the relationship between Mizuto as a teenager and Yuni as step-mother does not look so close yet. This means, Yuni is essentially just a woman much older than himself, whom Mizuto would call with honorific alone (i.e., step-mother-ness does not really play a role in their relationship).
Ojisan has the same issue as obasan, but using ojisan is avoided less. Though ojisan can be used for any male, in this case Mineaki ojisan may sound more like they are family.
You could perhaps think this way: to some extent, using Yuni obasan and Mineaki ojisan could have been the default in Japan of dozens of years ago, but due to the increase of age sensitivity on women's side, just oba came to be dropped.

women's age huh? makes perfect sense. thanks.


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Is Hataraku Maou-sama still ongoing?
I just wanted to know where Hataraku Maou-sama is over/cancelled, or whether it is still ongoing. I read it up to chapter 88, but I can't find any newer updates about the manga or anything.

Might be delayed due to Covid-19. The final light novel has also been postponed twice now due to it.

It's still on-going. The manga is serialized on Monthly Comic Dengeki Daioh which is published every 27th of the month. Chapter 88 was published on June 27, the next chapter should be published on July 27, unless there's an unknown circumstance.


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Dragon ball super: ep 92 What theme is playing at 21:10?
In ep 92 of DBS, around the 21st minute, a theme starts playing, and I can't find it.  I have heard it in previous episodes as well, but I cant remember where. I was hoping someone here might know.

So i listened to all 140 themes of DBS and found nothing then my small brain finally decided to use shazam and found the theme its the theme of super saiyan 3 and  the reason i couldn't find it is becouse it is originating from dragon ball kai.
Hope you enjoy the theme


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Why is "Hope and Despair" (希望と絶望) such a common theme?
It seems to be popular in a lot of Japanese writing, actually. The exact words 希望 and 絶望 are very common. Just look at Danganronpa. Anyone know the origins of such a theme, specifically of the specific words and why they have such relevance in Japanese fiction? The words are paired together in a set every single time without fail. Even in today's Shuumatsu no Valkyrie episodes I saw it come up. It was in a Black Clover chapter as well. I'm sure I could come up with dozens if not hundreds of examples given a few hours.

The basis of this question is formed from selective bias, anime, manga, novel games, and related novels are but a small niche Japanese literature and not a good representation of archetypes of themes. Certain anime and manga genres are built upon on certain archetypes and cliches, but that does not preclude those stories to those niches. It's all up to the writers, directors and/or artists/illustrators and how they engage their audience through their medium.

Hope and despair is just the set theme in general. as far as I'm aware theres no real reason its just what danganronppa is set around. If junko wants despair than someone will want hope, Its just what makes it interesting. same with how spoilers? V3 is set around lies and truth.


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Are Japanese watermelons crispy?
In the anime Haikyuu (second season to be specific) when Karasuno High goes to tokyo for a week for practice matches, there is a scene where some high school girls brings watermelons for the players.
In the next scene, Hinata is shown eating one of those, and the sound effect is like eating chips or something crispy. Is it sound effect fault or japanese watermelons are crispy?

Typically, the following are onomatopoeias (words expressing sounds which the Japanese language is abundant with) for eating watermelons / crispy thing.

watermelon : shaku shaku (シャクシャク) a sound effect sample
crispy thing : kari kari or pari pari (カリカリ or パリパリ) a sound effect sample

I haven't watched the scene, but it is unlikely to be a fault. And I can assure you that Japanese watermelons are not crispy.
The answer to your question is that they might simply sound similar. The difference is the so-called plosive sounds such as  p or k for crisps.


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Which official Dragon Ball crossovers are there?
Either in Anime or Manga, which Dragon Ball crossovers are there? I've seen this one which mixs Dragon Ball with One Piece with Toriko. Is there any other? Cameos don't count, such as Arale cameos in Dragon Ball or Dragon Ball cameos in Arale.

As per the one piece fandom wikia there is only a single dragon ball crossover with toriko and two more episode with the toriko in anime.
There is a collaborative work from both the writers of respective manga called cross epoch featuring dragon ball and one piece.
References:
https://onepiece.fandom.com/wiki/Cross_Epoch
https://onepiece.fandom.com/wiki/Category:Crossovers


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What are the thin books that everyone reads when in a club in School/slice of life Anime?
I've had this question on my mind for quite some time and saw in an anime again that the characters when not doing much read a thin book.

Does anyone know what this books are because most books are bigger and thicker.

That's actually a pretty common size for Japanese novels (Bunkobon, designed to be compact). This blog entry shows the respective sizes of a Sword Art Online book in Japan, Korea and USA - the standard page size for a Japanese book is about A6, or 105mm × 148mm (4.13in × 5.83in).
The thickness of the book is also not unusual - as you can see here, many Japanese books are quite thin even taking into account their small cover dimensions.
EDIT: And as pointed out in a comment, the paper used is often thinner, and both the font size and compactness of the Japanese language also contribute to the book being thinner than their Western counterparts.

The paper they use is thin, with fairly small type, and on top of that, Japanese on average takes fewer characters to convey the same meaning as most other languages. Compare Japanese Harry Potter with English paperbacks. https://www.amazon.com/Complete-Collection-Harry-Potter-Japanese/dp/491551269X vs https://shop.scholastic.com/parent-ecommerce/books/harry-potter-paperback-boxed-set-1-7-9780545162074.html


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In what order should the Aquarion series be watched?
I heard that Aquarion exists/Aquarion Logos is running. If I were to watch all the related series in full, including Aquarion Genesis, Aquarion Evol, etc., where should I start and what order should I watch them all in?

Considering that Aquarion is an original anime (i.e. not based from other sources), it's safe to say that the original broadcast time is the recommended order:

Genesis of Aquarion (July 2005, 26 episodes): the original story
Genesis of Aquarion OVA (May & November 2007, 2 episodes) / Genesis of Aquarion: Wings of Genesis movie (September 2007): an alternative retelling of Genesis of Aquarion
Aquarion Evol (January 2012, 26 episodes): takes place 12000 years after Genesis of Aquarion
Genesis of Aquarion Evol / Genesis of Aquarion Love OVA (July 2015, 1 episode): featuring a crossover between characters from Genesis of Aquarion and Aquarion Evol
Aquarion Logos (July 2015, 26 episodes): featuring a new storyline unrelated to the previous 2 series.


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Who is that in Dark Twist Square and how are they related to Gen Urobuchi's work?
A common Meme around Gen Urobuchi's works is Butcher Bingo

for the most part the images for each square is from something Gen Urobuchi has worked on being Fate/Zero, Puella Magi Madoka Magica, Saya no Uta and Psycho Pass
Since Gen Urobuchi is generally the common denominator in the images i am wondering who that is in Dark Twist and what, if any, connection they have to Gen Urobuchi or any of his works because he doesn't look like Gen Urobuchi

That's M. Night Shyamalan, a film director and screenwriter known for making films with supernatural plots and twist endings. Some examples of films he has created are The Sixth Sense, Signs, and The Last Airbender. There are a lot of memes about his signature plot twists.
(Incidentally, I became first aware of M. Night Shyamalan memes from LittleKuriboh's Spoof Movie no Jutsu~, an abridged parody of the first Naruto movie.)
As far as I know, the only connection between Gen Urobuchi and M. Night Shyamalan is the plot twists thing, and nothing more than that.


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What does the end part of the Tales titles mean?
Just going by the "Mothership" titles of the Tales series

Tales of Phantasia
Tales of Destiny
Tales of Eternia
Tales of Symphonia*
Tales of Rebirth*
Tales of Legendia
Tales of the Abyss
Tales of Innocence*
Tales of Vesperia*
Tales of Hearts*
Tales of Graces
Tales of Xillia*
Tales of Zestiria*
Tales of Berseria*

what does the end part represent in them?
I know that with Hearts R and Graces F, the R stands for Remake or Re-imagination and the F stands for "Future" because of Graces' extra content

There are also terms that are used in remakes or ports of games: "R" stands for "remake" or "Re-imagination" (as in Hearts R), while "F" in Graces f stood for "future", in reference to the game's extra story content.

Tales (Video Games Series) > Terminology
but this doesn't explain what Hearts or Graces means in regards to the game. and i know it can't be worlds because

Eternia is set on Inferia and Celestia
The Abyss is set on Auldrant
Zestiria and Berseria are on the same world just different eras

*: i have not played these yet so it may actually be obvious if i was to play them but for completeness i ask about them anyway

It's just a name. They didn't want to name them all "Tales of Destiny n"

@pboss3010 but Tales of Destiny was the 2nd released game after Phantasia in Japan and naming them all Tales of Destiny was exactly what the US was going to do when they renamed Tales of Eternia to Tales of Destiny 2 (before the actual Tales of Destiny 2 was released for the PS2)

Right, Tales of Graces and Tales of Hearts don't really mean anything specific. They are just entries in the "Tales of" series.

Sometimes there is a connection between the title and the "Characteristic Genre Name" of the game,

which is essentially a short subtitle or phrase that outlines the game's overall theme. Source

Tales of Phantasia (Legendary RPG):
The story was based on an unpublished Japanese novel called Tale Phantasia written by the game's programmer. Probably it is just a derivation of fantasy. Source
Tales of Destiny (RPG of Destiny/RPG to Release Destiny):
It refers to the preordained meetings between the characters and their Swordians as they pursue their destiny. Source
Tales of Eternia (RPG of Eternity and Bonds):
Derived from Eternity it is the name given to the world network in Tales of Eternia. It is a universal-like plane comprised of the worlds of Inferia and Celestia. Source
Tales of Symphonia (To Resonate With You RPG):
A symphony can be described as being a composition of different elements which would tie into the main plot of the two worlds and the party's goal to reunite them as well as the resounding connection between everyone's hearts. Source
Tales of Rebirth (RPG Where You Will Be Reborn):
The game's title "Rebirth", was meant to represent the rebirth and reconstruction of harmonious relations between different peoples. Not so much a physical rebirth as a spiritual/mental one. Source
Tales of Legendia (RPG Where Bonds Spin Legends):
The legends surrounding several ingame elements(Teriques, the Legacy, their connections to the Ferises). Source
Tales of the Abyss (RPG to Discover the Meaning of Life):
There is a giant underground area called Qliphoth. It is a massive void that contains an ocean of deadly miasma and mud. Source
Tales of Innocence (RPG to Tie Thoughts Together):
The game's title was inspired by the main character Luca's portrayal as an innocent young boy thrust into the world's troubles. Source
Tales of Vesperia (RPG to Enforce "Justice"):
Vesperia is the name of a star ingame after which the guild of the main characters Brave Vesperia was named. The name is derived from the Roman name for the evening star Venus/Vesper. Source
Tales of Hearts (RPG to Meet the Heart):
The game's central theme is the uniting of people's hearts to overcome strife and two of the main characters have Hearts as last name. Source
Tales of Graces (RPG to Discover the Strength to Protect):
Unsure about this one.
Tales of Xillia (RPG of Unwavering Convictions/RPG where Choices Spin the Future):
Producer Hideo Baba says it’s derived from million and billion, in English. He wanted to have a huge number and started with "Xillion" which eventually was changed to Xillia. The significance is within a persons life there are many events and encounters with people. Source
Tales of Zestiria (RPG of Passion that Illuminates the World):
Derived from Zest standing for the passion of the characters. Source
Tales of Berseria (RPG of Discovering your Own Reason to Live):
The main theme of Tales of Berseria is the conflict between emotion and reason, with main character Velvet being the incarnation of emotion and rage. This theme is represented in the game's title, which stems from the term "Berserker", legendary warriors who were imbued with uncontrollable power. Source
Tales of Arise (Telling the Dawn of the Heart RPG*): "Arise" was the internal codename used during development to signify the revitalization of the series using new technologies. It is also linked to the game's story, where the main characters rise up to overthrow their oppressors. Source

Main source is this reddit thread.
*: The english wikipedia lists the characteristic name as RPG of Challenging the Fate That Binds You. All other sources I found use the other name.


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Is MyAnimeList still good ranking site for anime?
I am the type person who see anime based on ranked in MyAnimeList but now i am getting confused.
Example :
Darling in the FranXX The anime aired in Jan 13, 2018 to Jul 7, 2018 and the anime really got hyped especially with this character. First episode aired I watched it until ep 5, when I dropped it. The story, the development character and I question, why this anime so cliche but get high ranking in that time?
And before that Darling in the FranXX aired this anime show Imouto sae Ireba Ii. Aired in Oct 8, 2017 to Dec 24, 2017. Even this anime had the title meaning A Sister's All You Need but it doesn't really do with Siscon at all. Story about writer and their life and they have this special character too and guess what? This anime got really low ranked at the time.
My question is, does MyAnimeList really do a good job? Or should you just watch what you like?

Sites like MAL do have a bit of bias as do sites like IMDB and can be manipulated. There is no way to objectively gauge how "good" something is, we each how our own tastes that skew how we favor and disfavor things. But such sites can provide a rough estimate on popularity and interest with certain western audiences.

@кяαzєя it would be great if you put your comment and your thought into answer.. :)

I need some more time to compile a better answer, this is just to give your question some attention first

This is based on my opinion and my experience with MAL

Ranking
Mentioning for the sake of context: One of the main function of MAL is a platform for anime viewers to come together to share their knowledge, reviews, opinions, recommendations etc., and also to keep track of a list of animes that they've watched. The site doesn't do anything by itself, as the rankings are community-driven. Thus, lets say for an anime, 4 people ranked it 10, and 1 ranked it 1, it would come to an average of 8.2 (In mathematical context, this should be a subjective answer as this average doesn't really makes much sense, it should be something like an outlier, thus, for this case, using median would be more accurate to say that most people think this anime is a masterpiece).
Anime scoring & individuals taste:
Now, as @кяαzєя♦ mentioned, everyone has their own taste in anime. Thus, there will naturally be some people giving high scores to certain anime, while others giving it average to low scores. However, this still doesn't really answer the question very clearly. If you notice, why are some of the worst animes out there still greater than a score of 5? (The middle point between 1 (worst) and 10 (best))
Different definition of "average" ranked anime:
As an example, personally, I'm one of the MAL'ers that will give the LOWEST ranking to (IMO) WORST anime a 5. The only reason is because (Once again, IMO) I personally feel that to me, despite the mathematical context, 7 is the "average" ranking, 5 is the "worst" ranking, and "10" is the best ranking. The main reason is because when I watch something, and I think "Meh, it's alright", giving it a 5 makes me feel very uncomfortable, like it still has so much more ways to go (6 -> 7 -> 8 -> 9 -> 10). Thus, I re-scaled my own ranking for this, and adjusted it accordingly to my preference.

Anime names and its inconsistency to its content/plot
Honestly, I think the example you gave is actually intended by the original author/producer (I have not done research in this. However, just taking a look in the reviews of that anime, I interpreted it as it is a titled made to be misleading intentionally).
Thus, at least for the example you provided, it shouldn't be MAL's fault.

Conclusion
IMO, MAL does a good job at what it is, a platform for anime viewers to interact and manage their list. However, if you're going to take recommendations, I still think MAL is a good source, because as a community, most (but not all) the recommendations are still pretty good. However, knowing that everyone has different taste in anime, every recommendation/review should be taken with a grain of salt.
(Though, of course, you should just watch what you like. MAL just helps you by providing the potential titles you may like)

+1 for good thought and explanation.. :)


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What is Japanese version of the pun word, "slife"? ... and term for adult friend?
At time code 21:40 of Episode 1 of That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime, the protagonist Satoru refers to his new life as a slime as a "slife" (sub).  I'm guessing there was similar word play in Japanese.  Could someone explain what it was?

Also, just prior to that he had made friends with a dragon, but as a 37-year-old (former) human, seemed embarrassed to use the term "friends".  Does Japanese tend to use a different term than "friend" for adults?  I get the impression Satoru thinks the term would normally be used by kids and teenagers.

It's a play on 人生 (jinsei, lit. human life) with スライム生 (suraimusei, lit. slime life).
'Slife' is an accurate portmanteau here. Since it's Slime + Life.
Friends are friends regardless of age. There are more formal words like 友人 (yujin), but how it's used is circumstantial and highly contextual in nature.

You can ask about the nuances over at Japanese.SE, if you are curious.

Thank you, @кяαzєя . I posted a follow-up at https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/62197/why-would-a-japanese-adult-be-embarrassed-to-use-the-word-friends .


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Is Asta speaking a specific dialect?
In Black Clover, at least in the anime, Asta frequently shortens します (shimasu) into しゃす (shasu). Is that supposed to be indicative of an accent or dialect, or is there some other reason for him to do that?

IMO it's more like colloquialism, like "kinda" instead of "kind of", "ppl" instead of "people".

In short, he is speaking colloquially in slang, not ant dialect in particular.
For an example: ナシャス。
オナシャス (onashyasu) means お願いします (onegaishimasu, lit. please)。
「お願いします (onegaishimasu)」
→「おねがいしゃす (onegaishyasu)」
→「おねいしゃす (oneishyasu)」
→「オネシャス (ONESHIYASU)」
→「オナシャス (ONASHIYASU)」
This is like shortening "please" to "pls" or "plx".
This speech pattern is suppose to outline how crudely (or uncouthly) Asta speaks, in contrast to the rest of the other Knights.

Asta's manner of speaking isn't dialect and moreso shortened impolite slang rather than an actual dialect change, which would be visible with differences in vocabulary and verbage.


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Who are the characters in the Audience?
In Fate/Grand Order: Himuro no Tenchi - 7-nin no Saikyou Ijin-hen we see a bunch of Servants sitting in the Audience when Kane Himuro is on stage

I recognize in the first image Sakura (from Fate/Extra i assume), Sakata Kintoki next to her and  Hans Christian Andersen in front of her and Medusa on the far right while in the second image in the back i see the back of Mysterious Heroine X Alter and one of Medusa's sisters next to her, i think.
So i am wondering who are all the Characters in the audience and are they all Grand Order Servants? because assuming i'm right in IDing Sakura from Fate/Extra (the NPC Nurse) i don't recall her being a Servant (Sakura Matou i know is a Psudo Servant and the Fate/Extra CCC Alter Egos like Passionlip, Meltlilith and BB are in Grand Order too)

Yes, these are from what I can tell, all servants from Grand/Order.
The Sakura you're talking about in the first image is actually BB, she's just wearing her nurse dress after her Noble Phantasm animation.
In order from left to right, top to bottom, these would be:

BB
Sakata Kintoki
Medusa
Osakabe-hime
Henry Jekyll
This one's hard to tell. Could be Okita Alter.
Hans
James Moriarty
El-Melloi II / Zhuge Liang

In the back it gets a bit harder, but again from left to right:

Paul Bunyan
Yan Qing
MHX Alter
Stheno / Euryale
Shuten-Douji
Maybe some incarnation of Gilgamesh

I won't try with the row in front with that image since it's probably tougher... but as a bonus, the one with the spiky crown in front of Shuten is probably Ishtar.

Hard to tell one is a certain "Amazoness CEO" berserker. Some incarnation of Gilgamesh is more likely Robin Hood. Gilgamesh would never sit that far back with mere mongrels.

Also in the second to last row, Nezha,  maybe Seig, Edison, likely Ibaraki-douji's horns, someone's head or hat (Nursery Rhyme?), Ishtar, maybe Cuzilla, maybe Karna?

I thought about that Berserker as well, but makes me wonder why the glasses for everyone. Granted, I haven't seen the episode, but your suggestion makes a lot of sense anyways. I would think Green would have at least Cock Robin around or something else, which is why my guess was Gil. Gil-ko is a good kid too, and wears grey. Good suggestions for the other row, too.

Glasses is a bit of a visual gag with Kane. It makes more sense if you watch the scene (it is subbed).

This is a gag short for new years. All the detail budget probably went into the ufotable battle scene. Kogil doesn't wrap himself like that and have spiky hair, he's smooth on the top.


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Does Gogeta metamor fusion last longer than Vegito potara fusion?
In Dragon Ball Super Vegito defused quickly because he used too much power as super saiyan blue. IIRC potara fusion was supposed to last 1 hour, but for the power used it didnt. IIRC metamor fusion was supposed to last half an hour, but when Gogeta used it as super saiyan blue it didnt seem to have the too much power will defuse problem Vegito's fusion had. In Dragon Ball GT , Gogeta defused for using too much power, but since this series isnt canon, I dont think it counts. Also, how was all this for Gotenks, I dont remember if Gotenks ever defused for using too much power. Does Gogeta metamor fusion last longer than Vegito potara fusion?

Wait, I thought Potara fusion was permanent? (I haven't watched Dragon Ball Super btw) Wasn't the only reason that Goku and Vegeta got 'unfused' again in DBZ caused by Vegito being transformed and consumed by Buu?

@Gravinco in Dragon Ball Super, they stated that the Potara fusion is only permanent if you are a Kai. Otherwise, it lasts for one hour.

@Chrygore Thanks for clarifying, it's pretty lame that they changed the way the earrings work.. now the difference between potara fusion and fusion dance is minimal.

 This actually brings up an interesting point. Traditionally, a Potara fusion is supposed to last for 1 hour and the fusion dance is supposed to last for 30 minutes. However, just like you said, SSJB Vegito defuses in the Future Trunks Arc on account of being way too powerful.We do know that the potara fusion is stronger than the fusion dance.  We do not know to what extent it is. However, Gogeta Blue is the Broly arc is a combination of a significantly stronger Super Saiyan Blue Goku and Vegeta, and I personally believe the potara fusion is not that stronger in comparison to the fusion dance(Note: The fusion dance also requires both the participants to be at equal power and Goku and Vegeta in their SSJB forms are equal at full power, unlike Goten and Trunks). Secondly, the potara fusion is something only accessible to the God's and it was stated that the fusion would last for an hour unlike the fusion dance which has a time constraint of 30 minutes. After rewatching the episode with the fight between Merged Zamasu and Vegito, when Goku and Vegeta defuse, Shin mentions that it hasn't been an hour yet. You can watch a clip of the same here.I understand the fight between the two fights lasted for a few minutes in the anime but in reality, DBS time can be as slow or as fast as possible based on the plot. The tournament of power was nowhere close to 48 minutes in real time and some fights which seemed really long literally lasted for a few minutes for the sake of plot. So, since Shin doesn't explicitly mention how long the fusion of Vegito lasted, it wouldn't be incorrect to say, maybe the fusion lasted even 55 minutes. Factor in the shocked expression on Gowasu's and Shin's face, maybe the fusion last for only 50% of the time i.e(30 Mins) or probably 40 mins? We don't know for sure.Yes! Dragon Ball GT Did have Gogeta defuse earlier than the 30-minute mark. However, like you said, the series is not canon to the main series and while there is evidence in Xenoverse 2, DBH etc with regard to Super Saiyan Blue being stronger than Super Saiyan 4, you still can't compare the two series with regard to this.Finally, the story is written by Toriyama and he loves to incorporate humor into the storyline. There is a possibility he kept the 30 minutes simply to include the failed version's of Gogeta's fusion to last for long while Frieza gets beaten up or something of a similar fashion which we won't know for sure until we watch the movie. In conclusion, I personally feel the Gogeta Blue we see in the movie should be significantly powerful in comparison to the Vegito Blue from the Future Trunks arc. Also, the only reason Vegito Blue defused was obviously for the sake of plot and have Future Trunks defeat merged Zamasu. So technically, if the series progresses and they have Goku and Vegeta fuse again. It is certainly possible for them to have Vegito use something like Ultra Instinct Fused or Super Saiyan Blue + Kaioken*20 fused and last long enough for the fight to be interesting even if in reality, MUI is significantly stronger than SSJB. However, The most important fact here is that, it was never stated how long Vegito stayed fused as Shin only comments they did for less than an hour. So we have no way of knowing for sure.

You are misunderstanding the point yes vegetto while super saiyan blue lasted far less than gogeta at super saiyan blue you have to realize what they did in their fights when goku and vegeta had fused with the potara earrings vegetto had transformed straight into super saiyan blue and each and every hit was aimed to kill merged zamasu and he had used the rest of his energy in his final kamehameha however on the other hand gogeta had fought broly in his base form, his super saiyan form then his super saiyan blue form thus conserving energy plus super saiyan blue wasn't needed as broly was outclassed even super saiyan god would have been overkill but he went blue so that the gap was so huge that broly could not adapt and get strong enough to harm him he could have probably defeated broly while a super saiyan three and pretty easily the only way for broly to take on super saiyan blue gogeta was if he had transformed into a full powered super saiyan 4 aka a legendary super saiyan 4 we do not know how much gogeta was holding back as every form he was in gogeta had fought broly without any effort of struggle plus Gogeta was sparing his energy without vegeta knowing how to use the kaioken or goku knowing how to use super saiyan blue evolution neither Gogeta or vegetto could use them let alone combined the two and vegeta's nature is not compatible with ultra instinct so Gogeta and vegetto could never activate ultra instinct even if they met the same conditions as goku had against jiren

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