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Can the Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan affect people without direct eye contact?
I was in a discussion today with a friend of mine about the strength of the Mangekyo Sharingan, and the question of "can the Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan affect people without direct eye contact?". We weren't certain, and lacked the materials to get an accurate result. Could someone help answer this question?

It really depends on the user. Shisui and Itachi's base Sharingan(they already unlocked Mangekyou, not Eternal, but not using it) did a genjutsu without eye contact.

To add to what @Albert said, it also depends on the jutsu being used. Susanoo, for example, if I remember correctly, do not require direct eye contact since it is partly defensive/offensive. But it can still affect other people.

@W.Are I think by "affect people without direct eye contact" he's talking about genjutsu. But I could be wrong.

@Albert Maybe. But his question is asking about the Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan, which encompasses and enhances abilities other than genjutsu that does not require eye contact. The way the question is phrased, he looks like as if he's asking if there is jutsu available to EMS user that do not require eye contact.

I'm assuming you're referring to genjutsu, since Amaterasu can burn a person even if they aren't making eye contact, and Susano'o can smash a person even if they aren't making eye contact.
The fight between Kabuto and Sasuke and Itachi in chapter 586 suggests that eye contact is needed to cast genjutsu, even if it's using an Eternal Mangekyou. During this fight, Sasuke had an Eternal Mangekyou, and Kabuto didn't seem terribly concerned.

Kabuto: "Since I shut off my vision, genjutsu won't work on me. I tell you again, you two have no chance of winning."

However, Izanami can be cast on a person even without direct eye contact. This is explained in chapter 587:

Sasuke: "So how? How can ocular jutsu work without eyesight?"
Itachi: "The Izanami is an ocular jutsu... that works with the physical senses of yourself and your opponents."

Izanami is very special though, so this probably isn't the norm. After all, Izanami is an incredibly powerful jutsu that blinds the Sharingan that is used to cast it. The general expectation seems to be that ocular jutsu requires eye contact, regardless of whether the Sharingan is regular, Mangekyou, or Eternal Mangekyou.

Though note also that Itachi can cast genjutsu from his finger. So even without Mangekyou, it doesn't need to be direct eye contact.

There's also the izanagi, which is the rumored twin jutsu of the izanami, this jutsu makes genjutsu and illusions a reality and does not require direct eye contact, as shown by both Danzou and Obito, but then, the jutsu's can only be used within a small duration, except the person posseses both uchiha and senju chakra. And also, the cost of loosing sight forever, makes the jutsu a one time kinda move. Moreover, both the izanami and izanagi do not require the eternal mangekyou, and can be used with normal sharingans

@Rumpel but that has nothing to do with the "strength of Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan" as the question clearly states?

If you completely read my comment, then you'll understand that i implied that when i said "Moreover, both the izanami and izanagi do not require the eternal mangekyou, and can be used with normal sharingans" @GKA

I am going by the assumption that you mean, techniques that required eye contact previously, but after obtaining the EMS (eternal mangekyou sharingan) no longer do.
In which case, the answer would be no. The EMS allows users to tap into more techniques at less chakra cost. And more importantly, without the side effect of turning blind. But does not, for example, allow the Amaterasu to burn people without making eye contact. All though It does not have to be direct eye contact.

I assume you referring to use Genjutsu with Sharingan, because of physical ninjutsu did not require eye contact with the enemy to use it, like Amaterasu, Kamui, or etc.
Of course, it can. Even without using Eternal Mangenkyou Sharingan or ordinary Mangenkyou Sharingan Itachi can still use his Genjutsu through his finger (https://naruto.fandom.com/wiki/Ephemeral). Danzo can also use the Genjutsu from the Shishui's Sharingan eye that he stole to manipulate people even though the Sharingan eye always under his headband.

Eternal Mangekyo simply means that the backlash caused to eyesight by use of Sharingan and Mangekyo Sharingan is not experienced by the user. It doesn't affect the technique to such a degree that if visual contact was required earlier, it won't be later on. However, a lot of techniques of mangekyo don't require eye contact. They will remain as it is, however as user won't feel the side effects, it gives a bit of a power boost to the technique

Please include relevant sources/references.


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Was mother Caramel eaten by Big Mom? And does eating Devil Fruit Users transfer the powers?
My question is divided into 3 subsets that have been bothering me for some time now. But they are all related to a theoretical way of gaining devil fruit abilities.

In the flashbacks of Big Mom's past, Mother Caramel and all of Linlin's (Big Moms) friends "disappear" after her food rampage. In the background we see Streusen, and he is obviously terrified by what happened.
In the anime, it was stated that Mother Caramel disappeared. Big Mom herself has no memories about the event.

Is it a coincidence that Big Mom has the exact same devil fruit ability as Mother Caramel? Or could it be the case that Mother Carmel was eaten by Big Mom?

If we assume (1) to be true, can we also assume that eating Devil Fruit Users will give a person the ability of the fruit?

If so, is it required to eat the entire devil fruit user, or would the person need "only a bite", like how only a bite is enough to attain the abilities from the fruits?

If (1) & (2) are true, can this help in answering how Blackbeard stole Whitebeards "Earth quake" devil fruit abilities?

I know the last question is only a speculation, because we don't know why Blackbeard can have two powers, and there are some theories out there why he is able to. But could this explain how Blackbeard gained Whitebeards abilities?

The answers are 3 different levels of "I don't know".

While technically we don't know, I believe that we can say that
Big Mom probably ate Mother Caramel and the other children.  While
there may be some survivors, this was heavily implied by the scene
in question.  She is demonstrated to do similar things later in life
under similar situations.  Furthermore, we can speculate that Big
Mom is so emotional about Mother Caramel's photograph because she is
in denial.  I would actually be interested in hearing any other
interpretations but I'm certain her saying "Mother" eating a large
confection was the exact moment.
We don't know.  While she is shown to have Mother Caramel's
ability soon after eating her, she ate a lot during that event.  It
is probable that, if there were any fruit in the area, should would
have eaten that too (devil fruit or not).  We know the devil fruit
transfer was shown to be immediate with the salamander fruit so
timing makes sense.

Let me ask you these questions to consider:

How did Bartolomeo, the cannibal, get his devil fruit?
Have we ever seen any other cannibal or creature eat someone with a devil fruit?  If a Sea King would eat a DF user, he would almost immediately die.
What constitutes eating?  Luffy has been bitten and/or swallowed on a
number of occations.

We do, of course, know that if you eat Luffy, you will get food poisoning (Oda said so).

We definitely don't know.  I am certain that we will eventually
learn what happened as long as Oda continues to write.  Whatever
happened will be more complicated than just cannibalism or bringing
the right fruit.  I will note that the hole in White Beards chest
would make it easy for Black Beard to access either the stomach or
heart without us noticing that he took it.

I have had another thought that may provide insight. Her sun was made by Mother Caramel instead of Big Mom.  I would expect that if Mother Caramel had died in a mundane way, Prometheus would have disappeared as there would be no Soul-Soul Fruit user alive.  The Soul-Soul fruits transfer, therefore, must have been during the act of death for there to be no point where Prometheus would disappear.

I think you have to eat the Heart to "steal" df power form a person directly. WB had a big hole in his chest when BB stole his df power.

Here's some extra points to consider that I didn't see above
There were 2 witnesses to the event that know the "truth" but it was purposefully left ambiguous for US, the viewer - meaning, what you THINK happened will most likely be a misdirection so that revealing the "truth" is surprising later. There's no reason for Oda to plant witnesses otherwise! He deliberately left what they know a secret!
One of her daughters can manipulate memories, this might be a future plot device for revealing big mom's or the cook's memories.
Caramel's ability is directly linked to souls and giving/taking life. I don't know what she's capable of, but there's certainly room for a caveat here where she could transfer or fragment her soul. I think this has something to do with Caramel's abilities transferring to BM. It's just too unlikely BM would find the right devil fruit so soon after.  Also, Caramel's robes were left behind. Idk, it doesn't add up.
On Cannibalism - my first instinct was to say BM ate Caramel and friends. Now I think it's definite she did NOT.

eating someone kills them ( my weakest argument, but dead fruit eaters relinquish their power and the fruit is reborn elsewhere ) This gets wiggy however if you consider Linlin ate Caramel and she didn't die v_v one piece can been weird like that
LinLin has since been around HUNDREDS of fruit eaters including her own children. Whenever she rages, she's like godzilla and stomps on everything and eats food. But she doesn't eat people. In all the story's test scenarios she has killed her own children and enemies and giants in rage but never eaten them (she'll slow down and eat their life force instead). IF you believe cannibalism transfers devil fruit power, THEN you have to accept that being a devil fruit eater and eating another devil fruit eater comes with the same consequences - ie, death. A devil fruit eater can't eat 2 fruits.
funny but in popular mythos, it is giants who eat people, and LinLin ain't even a proper giant.  She doesn't even seem to like meat - you only see her eat candy and sweets.
Someone brought up Bartolomeo. His "the maneater" is a play on words in Japanese, similar to english's phrase "what's eating you" ie, he teases people a lot, he doesn't literally eat them. Though in japanese the phrase can mean either

-1 for the part, "His "the maneater" is a play on words in Japanese, similar to english's phrase "what's eating you" ie, he teases people a lot, he doesn't literally eat them. Though in japanese the phrase can mean either". The Japanese term 人食い literally means "a person, animal, etc. who eats human meat or attacks humans for such purpose". It is NOT a play on words. See definition: https://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%84

My evidence is on the one piece wiki Trivia section -
http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Bartolomeo
"Bartolomeo's epithet "Cannibal" is actually a pun. "Eating people" means to "mock them" in Japanese.
In English, it's also a reference to the question "what's eating you?" when a person is annoyed."

There is plenty of inaccurate information in Wikia, including that line you cited. The definition I gave is very clear to those who actually understand Japanese language.

At one point, idk when exactly but bartholomeo os shown with a guy roasting on a spit in the anime dressrosa arc.

The "roasting pirates on a spit" was mentioned by Gatz during Bartolomeo's introduction at the Colosseum. Probably that and/or his teeth are responsible for the epithet "cannibal". I doubt he's actually a cannibal, since Gatz didn't mentioned it when listing his outrages (and it's hardly something that would be omitted).

It is heavily implied that Big Mom eat Mother Carmel but i doubt we will ever get an 100% confirmation, maybe if someone who witnessed it mentions it somewhere.
Even if that is true (that you can eat people to gain their power) it would not work if you eat a part of them, at least based on what we know so far. There can only be 1 active fruit user and we know that they must die first, before they power can be transferred to someone else. So why it maybe true that you can gain DF power if you eat a part of someone, i would say that that person has to die as well to gain power.
So yeah maybe that is a way BB got his power but so far we can not be sure, at this point it is just another theory.

It seems like Linlin accidently ate Mother Caramel. Not only Caramel but also some if not all of the children present there. There is no other explanation for Linlin gaining the powers of Caramel unless Caramel died there suddenly and there was fortunately some fruit lying there that Caramel's powers got transferred to and Linlin ate that.
For answer to your second question, it is not confirmed but personally I think transfer of power from DF(Devil Fruit) must be possible if you eat the whole person.
As we saw with Ceaser Clown's pet Smiley when he died his DF power was transferred to a fruit, and many DF users have lost their blood but unless they do not die they do not lose their DF ability. So, it must be necessary for a person to eat another person or else eat a bit of them after they die and before their DF power gets transferred to some fruit or someone else.
Please note that this is all specification and may also be the explanation for how Blackbeard gained his powers, not why he has multiple DF's

It is 100% that Linlin ate mother caramel. There is no other way she could have got the power of the soul soul fruit. And she had it directly after they vanished. Why else do you think the giant ran in terror. The only reason the world doesn't know is because the giant want even mention mamas name. They hate her that much. And as getting devil fruit powers from eating someone there whole body must be swallowed and digested. I think the devil fruit sits in the center of the  users stomach. And I think black beard just grabbed the fruit from white beards chest. Which doesn't really make since because once you die your devil fruit is Suspose to appear randomly somewhere in the world. And white beard was already dead. It's like how that devil fruit randomly appeared on punk hazard in the bag of apples. That was a real devil fruit not a smile. But I'm really a noob at one piece I just started watching it a month  ago and I'm on episode 840. The episodes that she eats mother.

Just to be weird and put some thought on things let’s not forget the giant that ate the little little fruit (it’s probably not that but I didn’t feel like searching) did get swallowed by Luffy and then used her powers to expand Luffy

Maybe because he wasn't dead. But this is a good point

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Why does Light Yagami shuffle the two death notes?
Light Yagami gives a death note to Rem and asks Rem to give it to Ryuk. Then Ryuk drops the book according to Light's order. Light then takes back Misa's book while doing something similar with his own book.
Why did he do this?

If I recall correctly it was a part of Light's grand scheme to fully exonerate him as being Kira in the eyes of the task force and to kill L.
Only Light's Death Note had the rules written in English (see comments) and he added the fake rules in the back about needing to write a name very 13 days and if you destroy the Death note all those who touched it will die.

The Fake Death Note Rules are two rules that Light Yagami persuades the Shinigami Ryuk to write into the Death Note as part of a plan to clear him of suspicion. These rules ultimately lead to his downfall.

If the user of the Death Note fails to consecutively write names within 13 days of each other, then the user will die.

If a person makes this notebook unusable by tearing it up or burning it, all the humans who have touched the Death Note will die.

Source: Fake Death Note Rules
Ownership of this Death Note had to go to one of the Shinigami to then go to one of the Yotsuba Group (or any big company) and trusting L's detective work he would find the new Kira and recover the Death Note.
To do this Light had to have a second Death Note on him as he gives up ownership of his in order to retain his memories and claim ownership of the new Death Note when it's ownership is given up by one of the Shinigami. his new one he can give up ownership when he wanted to "get rid of this pride" while in imprisoned (ie. get rid of ownership and erasing his memories).
Now it was important for Rem to be the Shinigami of this Death Note that L recovered because if Rem didn't play along Misa's life would be in danger as such the fake rules wouldn't be exposed. Of course Light knew L well enough that L would still pursue Misa and seeking her execution by proving she was the Second Kira, forcing Rem's hand to then kill L. L would then be killed by the Shinigami everyone knew about and not by Kira and it would also kill Rem having intervened in Misa's death.

Re par 2: It was in English right? Ryuk said he wrote it in the most popular human language iirc

@BCLC well considering that L makes no note about the fake rules being in a different language (which would be an obvious sign that the rules are fake to L) i would assume so, or at least the same language that on the front

This actually changed the Shinigami attached to the notebook. Rem left with Light's original notebook. And Light buried Misa's notebook that Ryuk became attached to.
Why he needed Rem to be attached to his notebook really wasn't clear. Ryuk would have never given up the fake rules, and since Misa went and got her notebook back as well she had Ryuk following her.
The only thing that really made the difference I think, is that when Rem wrote down L's name in her death note, everyone saw that Rem was dead. (Maybe that was the point.) Light needed his notebook to be the one that was recovered so he could write someone's name quickly and get his memories restored fully.

He needed Rem because he knew he was in loved with Misa and that he would sacrifce his own life to keep Misa alive.

Light Yagami shuffles the death notes between himself, Rem, and Ryuk so that when he and Misa regain their death notes and their memories they will have swapped shinigami, leaving himself with Rem and Misa with Ryuk, so he can have Rem with him in the investigation room so Rem will discover that Misa is in danger and kill L, dying in the process. Rem plays right into his hands, even surpassing Light's expectations and killing not only L, but also Watari before crumbling to a pile of dust. Light then takes over the positions of L and Watari (as planned) and gains control over the investigation squad. He then has his father hide the death note that was used to kill L, knowing he won't need it because he has the other death note, and he and Misa move in together.

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The audience scene in End Of Evangelion
There are clips in EoE that look like this. I wonder where these clips come from. What are they watching/listening to?

The theater is a shot from one of the screenings of Death and Rebirth. I vaguely recall someone somewhere identifying which theater it was, but I can't find the post. This was part of an entire sequence of live-action shots near the end of the instrumentality portion of "End of Evangelion", the panning shot of the inside of the theater is both kind of a 4th wall as well as fitting in with the motif of the theater within instrumentality. Recall also from the last two episodes of the TV Series where instrumentality is heavily depicted as part of a theatrical set, like on a stage. Likewise, in EoE, we have a few shots, including a sequence in a sandbox, where there are those folding chairs seen from the end of the TV series.
Another related note is that the "Death Threats" sequence during a similar live-action portion of instrumentality has some of the letters mention seeing Death and Rebirth at the theater.

Partial answer: the footage was shot at Shinjuku Milanoza, a cinema hall. In this video, you can hear the establishment's proprietor speaking prior to a screening of End of Evangelion (one of the last screenings at the hall before it closed in 2014) and mentioning this. This detail is apparently well-known among Japanese Evangelion fans. According to ANN, the hall was credited as a collaborator on End of Evangelion.
I was unable to find information on what, specifically, the audience was watching when this footage was taken, but it's presumably some movie that was in Japanese theaters in 1996 or 1997.

Ah, it would make sense for them to have been watching Death & Rebirth, as Jon Lin's answer indicates. I'll see if I can track down a Japanese article or something that mentions this.

do you know the reason why the theater got closed ?

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What's the music that plays on episode 10 when The Blue King comes and visits Anna in Homra's Bar?
Can you guys tell me the name of the tune which starts at about 9:40 in episode 10 when The Blue King comes and visits Anna in Homra's Bar. The tune starts when Kusanagi lights Blue King's smoke.


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Naruto Music Determination Rasengan
What is the name of the music that plays in the movie "Bonds" during the determination rasengan.I hear this in a lot of scenes it also plays again when sauske and the 4 kages meet naruto.

Since this is regards to Naruto Shippuden: Bonds, the music that plays during the Determination Rasengan scene is title as Snowflakes. This is track #29 on the Naruto Shippden: Bonds OST

I would one up your answer but I do not have enough rep.

@Hamza Glad I could help! :)


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Which Naruto episode shows Hidan attacking Naruto?
Does anyone know that Naruto episode when Hidan attacks Naruto and Naruto goes down because he doesn't have enough time to react? Sasuke and Sakura were both with him at the time.

the Akatsuki start turning up after Sasuke has left the village to join Orochimaru as such it's not possible for Naruto to encounter Hidan and have Sasuke and Sakura with him. the only Akatsuki to turn up before then was Itachi and the shark dude

@Memor-X Well, I remember it happening! ^~^

In the original Naruto series, the only Akatsuki members that are shown are Itachi and Kisame. Hidan isn’t shown until later until the Shippūden series, and, as a matter of fact, Hidan and Naruto have actually never encountered each other except for in the Infinite Tsukuyomi

Hidan is the only member of Nagato's Akatsuki to have never met Naruto Uzumaki. However, in the anime of Tsunade's Infinite Tsukuyomi dream, Naruto encounters Hidan.

The filler episode for Tsunade's Infinite Tsukuyomi is Shippūden episode 433, which does take place in the time frame of when Team 7 are kids.

Do you know what episode that was? Maybe I’m just misremembering, sorry!

@user35581 edited my question with the episode number

Glad I could help!


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Why does Roy Mustang's flame alchemy work?
The show requires us to suspend disbelief to the point where Roy Mustang can alter densities of gases or induce some chemical reactions, but not necessarily change elements themselves. It argues the energy required to generate 'real' transmutations is much higher, so you need something like the philosophers stone.
Now, the animes claim he generates explosions by altering oxygen density profiles in the air and triggering a reaction by creating a spark. See under 'Abilities' here: http://fullmetal-alchemist-database.wikia.com/wiki/Roy_Mustang
However, while oxygen assists combustion, it is not flammable by itself. Hence, the flame needs to travel along a path of oxygen and combustible material from Mustang to his target. The show offers no explanation for where this combustible material comes from.
Perhaps flammable gases or water vapor (that could be converted to hydrogen) in air could be utilized to create explosions. However, these gases are present at levels lower than 1% in the atmosphere, and concentrating them sufficiently to create an explosive needs volumes several orders of magnitude larger than what Mustang has access to in the show. (intuitively, the atmospheric water vapor in the volume contained by a large living room will not fill a glass of water).
Given what I have argued so far, and without having to suspend disbelief further, how does Mustang's flame alchemy even work? It feels like the authors of the show are (erroneously) assuming oxygen is combustible.

Related/dupe: How can Colonel Mustang create his flame alchemy differently?

Well, if you want to get into nuclear stuff, you could I guess break apart the nitrogen in the air and create hydrogen and blow that up.  Or do something similar and create methane.

@Becuzz : Alchemy appears to be restricted to altering chemical bonds and structure; altering nuclear bonds may require much more energy than what a single alchemist can harness on his own. Given how characters express astonishment at flowers appearing from air or the formation of a mini sun, I don't think it is possible to turn nitrogen into hydrogen in the FMA world without a philosopher's stone or some large energy source.

@CloseVoters: This is not a dupe.  This questions asks how does Flame alchemy work while the other stems from confusion about Circleless transmutation.

@user1992705 I don't really agree with that.  There are many times where materials seem to change from one thing to another.  Think of how many times Major Armstrong punched a rock and turned it into a metal arrow head thing.  I doubt there was that much metal in a typical rock / piece of earth to make something that substantial.  Second, the original goal of alchemy was to turn anything to gold, which given our current knowledge of chemistry would involve nuclear changes.  Third, nuclear reactions can create an incredible amount of energy.  Why couldn't an alchemist use that energy?

@Becuzz that should be a new question and is an interesting.one (Idk if it has been asked before).  To my eyes, Armstrong's arrowheads look like stone.

@Becuzz Armstrong's arrows look like stone to me too. Also, it takes an extraordinary amount of energy to convert Pb to Au -- it's implied an alchemist would need a philosophers stone to carry out nuclear reactions like that. Initiating a fission reaction is non-trivial. As for why alchemists can't use fission energy if a reaction is initiated, I'd assume it's the same reason they can't use sunlight, electricity, etc. -- they don't posses the necessary transduction mechanism. The alchemists in the anime are shown to magically transduce energy from tectonic plate shifts, 'chi', or human souls.

@Becuzz Just to clarify, I am not saying nuclear reactions are impossible in the world of FMA. They just seem to be very difficult to carry out without a philosophers stone, which is why I am wondering if there is a non-nuclear explanation to how Mustang's flame alchemy works. I like the thought experiments that may arise in association with your question on why alchemists can't use other forms of energy -- maybe you ask it here.

Been awhile, but didn't Edward copy Greed's ability and convert at least the outer part of his automail to Greed's carbon based armor? I seem to remember he fought Pride with it. How would he do that without transmutation? Where did he get the carbon? From his body? A

Also, wasn't it explicitly stated that production of gold and silver money with Alchemy was illegal, since it could destroy a nation's economy? How could that be done without elemental transmutation?

All we know about how Flame alchemy works is described in the question.  As you note the description is incomplete.
That being said, we do know that creating flames in this way is a very complicated process and is a closely guarded secret.  This secret was tattooed on the Hawkeye's back by its creator and entrusted by Hawkeye only to Mustang.  A full explanation in-universe would, therefore, not make much sense.
We might never know what the exact mechanism is and it is not necessary to understand the story.
I can come up with several head-canons to justify this physics:

The mechanism does not necessarily involve chemistry. The Crimson
Alchemist creates explosions by combining contradictory alchemical
symbols.
An unstable explosive such as tetranitromethane or nitroglycerin could be formed in gaseous state.
My preferred one is for Mustang to produce large quantities of nitric oxide (NO). There is a slow reaction where 2NO -> N2 + O2 which is exothermic but NO is considered non-flammable. This is because the reaction is slow without a catalyst because the NO molecules have to collide to react.  At very high concentrations with other chemicals, a spark, and magic (alchemy), I like to imagine Mustang can induce a suitable violent reaction which I couldn't get to working in a lab.  The actual difficulty is finding a high heat of formation molecule containing only N, O, and C stable enough to disperse harmlessly without decomposing if he can't ignite it.  Several such compounds probably exist but it isn't necessarily something that if familiar or can even has been synthesized in the real world.  I suspect NO is too stable but is a starting point. NO (nitric oxide) explosions have been observed and require a spark to get started but also require some other fuel to be present.

Further speculation would constitute a fan theory so would be off topic on this site. I hope, however, this is enough to show you that an explanation is conceptually possible if not available (or possibly even known by the creator).

I agree that the mechanistic details are not necessary to the actual story.

Good answer. True, in the FMA universe, flame alchemy is very complicated (though we do not know what part of it is complicated: controlling gases, creating fuel, etc.?)
I was wondering if our knowledge of chemical kinetics (without having to invoke nuclear reactions) alone could somehow account for Mustang's ability to generate bombs, and that does not seem to be the case. Fwiw, with every additional explanation I read or watch about flame alchemy, I am more convinced the author(s) assumed highly concentrated oxygen can somehow explode into flames.


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Which anime episodes of Yu Yu Hakusho are based on which manga chapters?
I like watching anime episodes based on which manga chapters I read. The wiki doesn't tell exactly which Yu Yu Hakusho episodes are based on which chapters and is also very incomplete?
Could someone tell me like they did with the Aria Manga?


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Did the League of Villains kill Kai Chisaki?
Spoilers (for those who haven't read the manga or reached chapter 160) :

 After being defeated by Eri and Midoriya, Chisaki was under police custody. As the police were transporting him to jail, the League of Villains attacked the police cars. The last time we saw Chisaki was when he was still tied up surrounded by the wreckage. During the last time we see him, the League of Villains were taunting him about his failures and even cut his arms off. They also take his quirk drug which he (Chisaki) basically devoted most of his life to making.

 After that, we see an explosion, but we don't know if they exploded Chisaki or trapped him in a tiny orb by using Atsuhiro Sako's power to keep him because I noticed earlier Atsuhiro was holding an orb above Chisaki (but after that Chisaki wasn't inside the orb, the League was still talking to him). His current state is unknown and I was wondering if anyone knew the author ever said something about his current state or if I missed something while reading the manga.

While his current state is "unknown", we can assume that the League of Villians did not kill Kai Chisaki.

In Chapter 160 of the VIZ translations, Overhaul himself, asked Tomura if he (Tomura) was going to kill him (Overhaul), to which Tomura replied no, and that he thought up of something 'worse'.

Regarding that orb you mentioned, Atsuhiro was holding it over Overhaul but he did not compress him, he just compressed part of Overhaul's arm, severing it as seen below.

Later on, we see Tomura saying to Overhaul to 'sit back and have a nice life' after severing his other arm, and robbing him of his quirk, which Chisaki relied heavily on. Overhauls expression showed fear at the thought of spending his life with no Quirk, which as the wiki noted, is ironic, since he spent his life eradicating Quirks from people.

Finally, the first panel of the last page of chapter 160, shows something already burning in the background but on the second panel, we still see Overhaul alive with no hint of him being burned, with the same expression of fear as seen in the previous page. This confirms the fact that Tomura wanted Overhaul to suffer first, in revenge for everything he had done against the League of Villains.

Episode 77 of the anime makes it perfectly clear that Overhaul is still alive.
First of all, the fire seen in the final panel of Chapter 160 is shown to be a considerable distance away from Overhaul, and couldn't possibly have reached him:

Secondly, as Shigaraki and the League of Villains begin to walk away, Overhaul begins screaming in anguish:

...and he's still screaming as the scene ends.

As you stated current status of him is unknown. We can assume he is not dead since League of Villains could nuke the convoy and killing everybody. However that wouldn't benefit them like at all. They attacked the convoy because they want them alive. We can assume that they are probably after quirk drug.

In the 18th volume of My Hero Academia, I think it was All Might that mentioned the attack on the ambulance to Midoriya. Midoriya said, Wait... So you mean Chisaki was.... by the League of Villains?


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Why do female anime characters always run like this?
There are many examples of completely serious or plainly normal scenes in anime where a girl is running but then, I have to burst out in laughter because they are swinging their arms horizontally left and right.

I swear, no one runs like this. I've been in Japan, as well as other Asian countries, and I swear this is not some hidden cultural manifesto. The most probable answer I can think of is that when women wear purses, one arm might move like this to keep the purse strap secured but not both arms.
What is the origin of this and why is it such a phenomenon?

There is a short movie about that - http://www.runlikeagirl.org.uk/run-like-a-girl-leamington-blog/2015/11/11/to-run-like-a-girl

See related video by Feminist Frequency

I'm asking specifically about in anime. I checked out the website/video but these all seem to be related to Western phenomena and aren't the direct stem of the issue in anime that I'm referring to. Please let me know if you think otherwise.

Looking at a WARNING! TvTropes WARNING! One thing is clear, this kind of running is an exageration. So you will not probably find examples in real world.
But what is it exageration of? That character is female and that she is a ditz. In proper "girly run" arms are close to body and move in controlled way. This (supposedly) allows control of bouncing breasts. I can clearly imagine woman IRL running like that if she doesn't want to have a bra accident. Plenty of women will tell you that breasts bouncing around is not comfortable.
But character that lacks motor control or physique might have problem with this kind of running style. Which is why they attempt it, but fail and their arms start flailing around. It might also be due to exhaustion, as fine motor control becomes more difficult.
Another point that just came to me is that, in real life, you mostly see people running who actually want to run. So they put effort into learning good running style. And in case of females, invest in good sports bra.

I’m not exactly sure, but I feel that it may be because most artists might think it makes the character look like it has more momentum to them when they run. I also notice it mainly being a thing a lot in older anime as well, so maybe that was just the trend back then.


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Why must Pokémon trainers be at least 10 years old?
The first episode of the Pokémon series begins by saying that Ash can only now get his Pokémon License, and you have to be at least 10 years old to become a Pokémon Trainer and get a Pokemon from Prof. Oak. The question is: in the world of the Pokémon anime, why it is limited to only those 10 or over? In the games, you can see even kids have Pokémon and invite you to battle.
This returns in the Advanced series where Max, despite having great knowledge, can't be a Pokémon trainer, and Bonnie in the XY series wants her brother to keep Dedenne for her until she's grown up.
Though you can say that 10 is the "age of responsibility" in the Pokémon world, it's very hard to say that. In our world, 10-year-olds are literally kids, and to say that it is the "age of responsibility" would be a joke, especially with Ash's behavior.
And I'm not looking for an answer like "it's a kid show", but a reasonable answer to the anime plot.

The boring answer is "because the Pokemon world's government decided that was a reasonable age limit". In California you can get a hunting license at 12 and a driver's license at 16, but you're still a minor until age 18, and you can't buy alcohol until 21. So it's possible ten-year-olds are still minors in the Pokemon world, but are allowed certain privileges, like registering with the Pokemon League and competing for gym badges, that are denied to those under ten, just like under-sixteens in California can't drive.

I agree with you that the age of ten isn’t really the “age of responsibility” but I think the reason is because they learn all about these Pokémon in what I guess to be elementary school, so when they reach the age of ten, most of them (in our universe) would be going to middle school and that’s the time most kids are “learning” to become responsible.

Your answer has lacked the answer itself - why, if so, a kid 10 years old that learns responsible, would take a journey with his Pokemon around the world if he doesn't really have the responsibility?


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At which chapter does the Tokyo Ghoul anime deviate from the manga?
I watched Tokyo Ghoul and I know that from season 2 it deviated from the manga, so I decided to read it and see the other version of Tokyo Ghoul. But I don't want to start from the beginning as it's almost the same, so I want to know which chapter was the first one in which the manga and the anime were different.

Does this answer your question? Where should I start the Tokyo Ghoul manga from?

If you don't want to read from the beginning, start from Chapter 67 if you finished watching the first season.
This is the first chapter adapted by the first episode of the second season, and as you mentioned, the second season deviated entirely from the manga. Some arcs were altered or only partially shown, starting from the Post-Aogiri Tree/Timeskip Arc.
However, as mentioned by the people here, if you are planning on reading the manga, I highly recommend you start from the beginning. It might seem tedious but there are a lot of things not included in the anime. It might be an understatement to say you are missing half the experience of Tokyo Ghoul if you do not read the manga from the start.


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Can Mirio's quirk come back on it's own?
The bullet made by Chisaki reverses a human back to the time when they were Quirkless. In theory, then, shouldn't Mirio's Quirk come back on its own as time goes by, just like when one's Quirk first appears?

No, it was mentioned the the bullet that hit Mirio was a permanent one. That means his quirk is gone for good unless someone reverses his body to the state before the quirk was lost. That is why they are helping Eri control her power so that she can help Mirio get back his quirk.

Please include relevant sources/references.


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Do we know specifically how the 4th Great Ninja War ended?
It says that it ended with Black Zetsu taking over Madara's body and Team 7 beating her, but I think it ended with Naruto and Sasuke's final battle:

"It says that" - who says that? Do you have a reason to believe your interpretation is more accurate than theirs?

Can you clarify your question? Because by reading the manga and watching the anime, you will know how it ended. Or are you asking what events marked the end of this arc? If it's the latter, you can check here: https://naruto.fandom.com/wiki/Plot_of_Naruto

im asking what marked the end of the arc

Considering that the entire series ends just 10 chapters after the sealing takes place.

I suppose that depends on what you mean by "war".  Note: no spoilers since your picture implies a lot about how things went, and what the resolution was.
The Fourth Great Ninja War was a war against Madara to prevent him from capturing the Bijuu to activate the Infinite Tsukuyomi.
In that vein...the war was probably lost since the jutsu was actually successfully launched.
However, there's two ways to think about the actual resolution of the war - the perspective of those impacted in it, and the perspective of those fighting in it - and this would largely be Team 7.
From the perspective of Team 7, the war was concluded after the final fight between Naruto and Sasuke (which was after the fight with Kaguya), who then unified to release everyone else from the Infinite Tsukuyomi.
From the perspective of those impacted, including the Allied Shinobi Forces, the war was "simply over" by the time they were released from the Infinite Tsukuyomi.  Had Team 7 not continued fighting after Kaguya appeared, they would have officially lost, but would not have been able to ascertain that fact until they perished.


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Did Wrath actually love his wife?
In Full Metal Alchemist: Brotherhood, among the Homunculi, Wrath said that he chose his wife himself. Everything else was given to him. So did Wrath actually love his wife?

Do you have reason to believe that he didn't?

Well you could ask: "Since the Homunculis were Father's vices, and none of the other Homunculi displayed love towards another being, does that mean Wrath was faking his love for his wife?" The answer is quite simple anyway.

thanks a lot....the only emotion in wrath was wrath...so i had a doubt

I think that he did. It's implied that she was the only person (and thing) he ever cared about in his life, since he did get to choose her.


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Why do people tend to hate the beginning of Black Clover?
After having watched Black Clover, I have been listening to their intros 10 times or more and rewatching some scenes again and again, but while scrolling down in the comments I see comments of the form "no one knew black clover can become this great", "the beginning was horrible" and other comments filled with dislike towards the beginning of the show.
What aspects of the anime's beginning caused so many people to dislike it?

Are you asking why the anime in general was disliked, or why the beginning was disliked? The title suggests you're asking the former, but the actual body of your question suggests you're asking the latter.

Everyone has their own freedom to talk what they want to. If you think the anime good, then it's good. no need to bother other people's opinion. Maybe it's not their favor, so they dislike.

@F1Krazy Thank you for the specification. Yes, I am asking why people hate the beginning.

@kit Indeed, everyone has his right to talk what they want, I'm just wondering why most of the people tend to that opinion.

Thanks for clarifying, I've proposed an edit to make the question clearer.

I think this question will be closed as opinion-based.

@SujalMotagi Ahh, sad.

The closest I can get to answering this in a non-opinion based way is to base it on the opinion of someone quasi-famous, i.e. a reviewer who has discussed Black Clover across its run. To start with, YouTuber Gigguk reviewed Black Clover twice - once in November 2017 shortly after the show began, and once in October 2018. His original video is titled "Black Clover: The New Problem Child of Shounen", while the follow-up is titled "Black Clover Does NOT Suck Anymore.", so that might give a bit of a hint as to how his opinions shifted in that year (although, spoiler alert, he did already see the potential early on and mostly had an issue with how the show was moving in its first episodes).
Some of the key points from both videos, especially noting the reasons why Black Clover was not received well early on:

The most recent big shounen shows to have aired just before Black Clover were the second seasons of My Hero Academia and Attack on Titan. These shows are both considered to be highly influential (although AoT season 2 was not necessarily as well received as the first season), and people felt they took the genre forward with some amount of innovation and story telling.
The early set-up of Black Clover seemed to be highly generic in terms of shounen - spiky-haired protagonist with no power but big dreams discovers he actually has the most amazing power ever, joins a group of misfits and deals with a series of increasing threats by getting more powerful himself. As Gigguk points out in his second video, the show never really gets more original (although from what I saw of the end of the first big arc, it did try to do a bit more with the story later on) - but it does build a certain amount of self-awareness in its derivativeness and goes all-in on using all of the big shounen tropes.
The show felt low-effort in various ways - characters didn't have the detailed backstories of, say, My Hero Academia characters; the animation quality was much lower than those other shows; and since every episode started with not just a recap of the previous episode/s (often trying to explain everything that was going on, not just the parts that would make it easier to follow this episode), but a recap of the history of the world, you wind up with only about 15 minutes of "new" content in a 25 minute show.
The show moved very slowly - as Gigguk points out, a typical episode of a shounen anime will adapt about 2 chapters of the manga. The first 6 episodes of Black Clover adapted 4 chapters of the manga, meaning that it was stalling for time heavily at a point where it was supposed to be building up expectations.
Asta had no lines that were spoken at a volume below a scream. As the main character, this was incredibly grating for a lot of people.


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Why did they turn Charizard into Ash's "starter"?
People say they gave Ash a Pikachu because it would earn them more money if Ash had all three starters than just one starter. But then why did they make Charizard their starter representative later? Charizard was the only one that evolved from Ash's Kanto starters, the writers gave Gary a Blastoise to fight Ash's Charizard, in Mewtwo Strikes Back Ash is the one who represents Charizard while other trainers represent Venusaur and Blastoise, and in the Pokémon Zencho mangá and in the I Choose You! film, Ash has Charmander as his only starter.

may be bescasue the character "ash/santoshi" is loosly based on game character "red" and red's starter pokemon is charizard.

That would only put the question to another level on why the best representing character, red, has charizard. I think the reason that not all starters evolved is simply because of "diversity", as the hero and thus the series is more interesting if he is interesting on a different level than "MORE POWEER!", the reason now that it is exactly charizard which is chosen might also be connected to the points that a dragon is way cooler than a turtoise or a toad, and the rebel attitude of ash's charizard fits more to 'zard than to the calm or soft looking blastoise/venusaur.

I think Charizard's popularity started when people got the tcg cards of a holographic shadowless card adn people making fun of how charizard is a fire/flying type who can't learn fly in the gen 1 games and people though CHarizard was a dragon type.


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Why does Kirito hide his duel swords?
On floor 74, Kirito hides his duel swords from Asuna and Clyde and then uses them at the last second. Why did he hide them?

He hid the skill to avoid the attention and envy of other players.

Weapon skills that didn’t have clear conditions for appearing are
  called extra skills. They were sometimes even called random
  conditions. An example would be Klein’s «Katana». But «Katana»
  wasn’t all that rare and appeared quite often as long as you kept
  training the Curved Sword skill.
  Most of the ten-plus extra skills that had been found up until now,
  «Katana» included, had at least ten people who used each of them. The
  only exceptions were my «Dual Blades» and one other man’s extra skill.
  These two were most likely limited to only one person, so they
  should be called «Unique Skill». I had hidden the existence of my
  unique skill up until now. But from today, the news that I was the
  second unique skill user would spread throughout the world. There
  was no way I could hide it after using it in front of so many people.
  ...
  Since then, I only trained it when there was nobody around. Even
  after I nearly mastered it, I rarely used it against monsters unless it
  was an emergency. Aside from using it to protect myself in a crisis, I
  simply didn’t like this kind of skill due to the attention it draws.
  I even thought that it would be better if another Dual Blades user
  appeared-
  I scratched the area around my ear and muttered.
  “…if it became known that I had such a rare skill, not only would
  people pester me for information…it might attract other kinds of
  problems too…”
  Klein nodded.
  “Online gamers get jealous easily. I wouldn’t since I’m an
  understanding guy, but there sure are plenty of envious People.

As we can see later his fears were wellfounded:

Somehow they had found out about where I lived. As a result,
  swordsmen and information dealers had crowded around my house
  since early morning. I ended up having to go through the trouble of
  using a teleport crystal to escape.

Of note is that he wouldn't have hidden the skill if he had known how other players could unlock it.

“I’m disappointed Kirito. You didn’t even tell me that you had
  such an awesome skill.”
  “I would have told you if I knew the conditions for its appearance.
  But I really couldn’t figure out how it happened.”
  I answered Klein’s complaint with a shrug.
  There wasn’t a shred of lie in what I said. About a year ago, I
  opened my skills window one day and found the name «Dual Blades»
  just sitting there. I really had no clue on what conditions made it
  appear.

The excerpts are from chapter 12 of the first light novel Aincrad (translations by Baka-Tsuki).

He didn't want to show that he was strong to everyone and if he showed his dual swords he would have got a lot of publicity.
He didn't want the unnecessary attention, if everyone found out he had something so unique then people would be jealous of him and start stalking. They would start questioning him about where he got the sword from.
He would make a lot of enemies because people would try to get his sword.
So he thought it would be better to just lie low and hide his power.

His dual swords were never hidden and Lizbeth confirms this in Sao season two part two following ggo, where this arc is in Alo and consisted of going on a last quest for the year and hoping to retrieve the weapon spotted known as Excaliber.  Hence the arc title being caliber. kirito, his harem of asuna Liz silica and suguha aka leafa in the game and Klein take a quest where Lizbeth states to the entire group while blacksmithing some of their equipment, 'You said it was going to be a secret just between us but..' as she elaborates needing to use the skill that required dual blades in order to survive a boss.  Kirito stated that it just showed up as a skill one day, and never using it, he wasn't aware of the skill that wasn't disclosed of what it is capable of or not hence fighting as the known dark swordsman made sense as he explains back he he wasn't aware of the sword or skill capabilities and had no experience.  This is the same to say you don't pick up a rocket launcher and expect it to work when you haven't ever used one and have no experience versus multiple years of training with a style that's one sword and is classified as one of the top players recognized with his skills. Explaining out of options and everyone including kirito couldn't kill the boss he post comments about no intent on using them but realized during battle he had tried everything possible except the dual blades which is why he only used them when he had 0 options to win and not die.  So they weren't hidden as Lizbeth knew all about the origins despite not explaining so in season one, and she alone knew so there wasn't a secret.  His motives additionally revealed and were logical.  Why fight with something you never used and don't know how the outcome is.


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Why was Kakashi Hatake doing all of the hard work in the episode when they first fought Zabuza?
Naruto, Sakura, and Sasuke were standing back, and Kakashi was fighing Zabuza all by himself. Why?

Why wouldn't Kakashi do most of the fighting that battle? Criminal mercenary, demon of the hidden mist, one of the 7 legendary ninja swordsman vs 3 rookie genins wouldn't really be an even fight

but with naruto and them wouldnt it have been easier if the all helped

Naruto, Sakura, and Sasuke at least couldve hit a combo move

Because all of them were rookie.

what do yuo meen by rookie naruto still had power right?

Like @Wondercricket said, why wouldn't Kakashi take care of it by himself? Doesn't it make sense for a highly experienced ninja to fight another? The rookies would have caused trouble for themselves or put Kakashi in a hard spot, if they intervene. Also, Kishimoto decided that will be the plot.

Naruto had power but he was inexperienced in combat. That's why Kakashi took the charge.

At that time, the members of Team 7 has just passed from the Academy, they were just kids. Sakura couldn't help much because she was very weak, she hadn't learnt medical ninjustsu to reinforce her punches. Sasuke may have been a bright child but he was still an amateur and he hadn't awakened his Sharingan. Even if he had awakened it, Zabuza was a formidable opponent, one of the Seven Ninja Swordsmen. And Naruto didn't know any jutsu other than Shadow Clones, and he didn't have control over Kurama's power. But Naruto and Sasuke did fight against Haku if not Zabuza. It's obvious that the strongest team member Kakashi should fight against Zabuza since he's so strong.
P.S. I think you have not watched the Naruto series and you've only watched the Shippuden series.

I don't see how your PS is relevant.

@F1Krazy It's not really relevant to the the answer but what I meant is that he would have understood if he had watched Naruto. because it seems like he thinks Naruto was very strong even in that time period.

If you are talking of the very first fight that happened between Zabuza and Team 7 then you are talking of the incident when they were still escorting the builder back to the 'Land of Waves'.
In that case there are a couple of things to consider. First, the trio of the Team 7 genins were fresh out of the academy and this was their first mission which was meant to be C or D class but turned to be a A class mission. Second, Naruto might have just taken the oath to never fallback from a fight when they were attacked before by the brother assassins from the Mist but the essence was he was still a child who could not control his chakra well and only had one proper move which was the Shadow Clone Jutsu. At the same time though Sasuke was smart and talented, his experience was quite lackluster in front of Zabuza. As for Sakura, she was not at all in the race to begin with, even thiugh she had better chakra control then the other two.
So it made sense that Kakashi fought one on one with Zabuza. Even after that though it was not as if Naruto and Sasuke did not lend a hand with their combo-sneak attack by helping Kakashi Hatake out of the tough spot when he gets caught in the Water prison of Zabuza's creation.


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Why does Trunks not have Vegeta's hairstyle?

Why does Trunks have his hair parted to the side, but Vegeta has a widow's peak? Shouldn't Trunks have some of the same features as Vegeta, just like Gohan inherited Goku's features?

We don't understand what you are trying to say especially what you mean by "side cut" or "widows peak".

@кяαzєя He's referring to their hairstyles, specifically their fringes, and asking why Trunks doesn't have the same hairstyle as his father. A quick Google search tells me that his mother, Bulma, has sported similar hairstyles to Trunks on occasions.

Whereas Gohan clearly inherited his looks from his father, Trunks appears to have inherited his looks from his mother, Bulma.
Here's a side-by-side comparison of Trunks and (a fanart of) Bulma as she appears in the Buu Saga. You can see they have very similar hairstyles - short bob cuts with centre-partings - and almost identical eyes:

Granted, their hair isn't exactly the same - and Bulma appears to change hairstyles a lot - but Gohan's hair is also slightly different to Goku's, if you look carefully at the spikes.

Well seeing as though Trunks got his looks from Bulma he still got some of the same features. If you put Vegeta's hair on trunks they would look a lot similar.


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Where can I watch My Hero Academia Season 3 for free?
I'm looking for a legal streaming site where I can watch the whole My Hero Academia series for free. But for now, season 3 is enough.
Edit: I'm from India.

@RigaCrypto i don't really want to post the link on the main site here but i've posted my comment on why i think the site is illegal in the Maid Cade

@Memor-X Yeah, had a hunch it wasn't legal, but at least it has a good amount of anime series that others sites dont have. I don't have many options to watch anime from where I'm from.

you can find all 4 current Seasons on Crunchy Roll. I believe they are all English Subbed however only checked one episode of Season 3.
Be aware that Crunchy Roll does employ Geoblocking on some series. i am in Australia, not using a VPN and am not being blocked so availability might depend on where you are and current licencing agreements

Crunchyroll isn't available in my region. I've tried Crunchyroll other times too, but it didn't work. I think the reason was my country.

@SujalMotagi you might want to edit your question as to what region you are in. alternatively you might be able to use a VPN to get around any regional/geoblocking


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How is Giorno able to do this to Diavolo?
In JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Part 5: Vento Aureo,

 Giorno sends Diavolo into an infinite death loop.

I’m stuck on how he does that. I know that Golden Wind Requiem reverts any attack to zero, erasing the effect but keeping the cause, though I’m confused on if this is the cause of Requiem, or if it's a combination of both Diavolo's and Giorno's Stands.

The Stand that you're referring to is Golden Experience, not Golden Wind, that's the English name.
GER (short for Golden Experience Requiem),
has a few abilities - life-giving from regular GE, strength, speed, etc. - but its main one is called Return to Zero. Basically, it nullifies any form of attack at Giorno and resets everything to before the attack. If you die from GER's punches, it nullifies your death over and over, infinitely in a deferent reality(shown in this episode). This is poetic considering how many times Diavolo used his own Stand to manipulate reality.
Also, it is a commonly held theory that evolving your Stand to Requiem gives you anything you want at that moment. Giorno wanted to kill Diavolo, and so he did, infinitely...


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Does Gowther go back to the 10 Commandments?
When Gowther gets his memories back, does he turn back to the 10 Commandments or stay in the 7 Deadly Sins?

The original Gowther created the doll, and died to end the holy war. Leaving something to take his place he created Gowther the doll. Gowther the doll joined the 7 deadly sins and went on adventuring with them to end the demons with the 10 commandments.
Gowther may have betrayed the 7 Deadly Sins a few times but he has not left the 7 deadly sins and still goes on trying to end the demons and prevent the holy war form happening again.
This based on what happens in season 3.


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What was Okabe going to say to Kurisu in the first episode?
I finished the anime and I still wonder what Kurisu said to Okabe in the first episode.
She pulls Okabe out of the conference and says "Back there, you were going to tell me something, weren't you?" and Okabe responds "Back there?". Kurisu says "About fifteen minutes ago" and Okabe says "I don't have the slightest idea".
I guess it has something to do with

 time travel and World Line travel in episodes 23 and 24, but unfortunately I didn't watch those episodes that carefully.

However, what did Okabe intend to say to Kurisu, and where, and when?

Probably that she got stabbed and he doesn't understand how she's alive.

She got stabbed and killed in episode 1, it's not much of a spoiler.

Around 9 minutes into episode 24 (try watching from 08:30), Okabe from the future (episode 24 Okabe) bumped into Kurisu on the stairs in the radio hall building. He was going to say he would save her, but got interrupted by an announcement over the PA system and ran off.
In episode 1, Kurisu dragged Okabe (episode 1 Okabe) from the lecture, asking what he was going to tell her "about 15 minutes ago". He didn't know as he was episode 1 Okabe and the one she met was episode 24 Okabe.
If you don't understand how that works... Well, that's time travel for you.

Well, if you watch episode 23 when Okabe finds out he kills Kurisu, he screams like a baby just lost its pacifier. Then if you re-watch episode 1, at the beginning just as he's talking to Mayuri about the metal Upa being lost, he hears a scream then goes to check where Kurisu is lying there dead. This is the exact same scream as the one in episode 23.
So, this is the universe where Okabe fails to save her. He mutters as he sees her face again saying "I'm just here to see..." This is where he gets cut off from the voice about Kurisu's father's lecture. So, this is just the Okabe from the future (or present depending on how you look at it) talking to the past or present Kurisu but having a discontinued talk.


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Why have anime studios changed for Attack on Titan's season 4?
Why has Wit stopped animating for Attack on Titan and MAPPA has taken over for season 4?

Sooo here's some official statement, but it doesnt say much:
"While Season 3 was in production, we consulted with WIT Studio, and it was decided that The Final Season would be created by a different production studio," Tateishi explains. "One of the reasons is because the end of Season 3 has the protagonist gazing at the ocean, marking a turning point for the story. Also, as creators, we wanted the anime to escalate even further. Through many talks with WIT Studio, we understood that the continuation would be difficult, so we looked for a new studio."
Source: https://www.cbr.com/attack-on-titan-season-4-producers-explain-studio-change/
I was searching for more info, but it seems that for now we only have this short ambigious statement. We don't really know the reason other than WIT Studio probably dont having enough resources to meet producer's expectations.
Personally I think it's because the shift in after certain reveal is pretty big, also there's some massive scenes with titans in upcoming episodes. And WIT is great, but many times they had to use the CGI (like Rodd Titan, Colossal Titan). And this CGI looked pretty bad at times.
MAPPA is great at implementing CGI. Its still noticeable at some scenes with titans, but its still probably better than WIT could afford.
But keep in mind that's just my personal speculation.

I did read earlier that the main cause was the producers' pressure in terms of deadlines, in addition to what you just said. Personally, I'd prefer WIT's animation style and take their time rather than using CGI, like Reiner vs Eren, in both fights.


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Is this South Korean animation TV series regarded as anime due to its similar japanese animation style?
Its a South Korean animation TV series called ''Spheres'' and it is has strong similarities of Japanese animation techniques used in the series and art style that looks similar to anime

Should we regard this as anime like Japan's due its animation styles and techniques that Japanese use and despite being an animation of non Japanese origin?


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What does Midorima Shintarou's "-nanodayou" mean?
Midorima says "-nanodayou" a lot in the anime and the subs just put it as "-nanodayou" but what does it actually mean ? Does it have anything to do with Oha-Asa ?

Nanodayo (なのだよ) is about the English equivalent of " 's-n-such "
So a sentence of "Orenji o hirou nanodayo" would translate to "Pick up the oranges'-n-such".
"N-stuff" is also a good equivalent. Like "I have to go to school-n-stuff."
It could also mean "and so forth" .
Source

I find that this source gives a relatively accurate description of the way Midorima uses the phrase: "Nanodayo" (...) adds a tone of 'an explanation about something that doesn't really need explaining' to his words."
'Nanoda' is a form of the verb "to be"（in this case simply 'da' / だ）, used to indicate assertion / a 'decisive' tone, whereas yo / よ gives a nuance of 'presenting new information' to someone or of 'trying to convince' someone. In actual usage, the effect 'nanodayo' has is somewhat similar to saying "This is fact.", "That is how it is." or "It is so." after making a statement. However, since the expression incorporates a form of the verb 'to be', there is no way to actually translate it.
I am unable to comment on other answers, but I want to correct the previous one, so I'll add this here: The English "n-such" is an absolutely incorrect translation for 'nanodayo'. とか ("toka") or みたいな ("mitai na") or 的な ("teki na") or など ("nado") at the end of a word/sentence would all more-or-less correspond to "n-such" in Japanese in different contexts. However, 'nanodayo' does not correspond to this particular phrase in any context.
Here, a native Japanese speaker answers the same question:
なのだよ とはどういう意味ですか? = "What does なのだよ (nanodayo) mean?". They say it's "mainly something a CEO might say to their subordinates, and other than that it's not really in common use". Sound like "n-such"?
Also, the "orenji wo hirou nanodayo" example given in the Yahoo answer and quoted in the previous answer here is bad grammar. More correctly, it would be "orenji wo hirou nodayo" / オレンジを拾うのだよ, which simply means "(I'm going to / lets / we must / you must / etc) pick up the oranges". An anime character might use "nanodayo" more freely for comedy or for a "moe" effect, but this is not the case for Midorima (at least in canon situations).
In conclusion, なのだよ ("nanodayo") is simply an assertive way to say "is", "am", "are" or "be" (the equivalent for "were", "was" and "been" would be だったのだよ / dattanodayo). There is no English equivalent.

Nice answer. Probably the better answer than the one above that was accepted, considering that the Yahoo! answer source don't even have sources in the first place.


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Why was anime produced on 24fps film, when Japan is a NTSC country?
Nowadays, NTSC isn't really all that relevant anymore since Japan ended analogue television almost a decade ago. But for most of the history of the anime industry, that's how it was broadcast.
Then it strikes me as really odd that the film was shoot at 24fps. To prepare 24fps video for NTSC broadcast, it would have to go through 3:2 pull down, which results in both interlaced frames and changes in frame timing.
Why was it not produced at 30fps instead, which fits much better with NTSC? Surely all that interlacing can't be good?
The basic animation modes should stay the same, shooting on twos (12 cels per second) is easily handled as shooting on twos (15cps) or threes (10cps) at 30fps, and shooting on threes (8cps) is easily either threes (10cps) or fours (7.5cps)
What's the technical reason for picking an animation frame rate that doesn't match the television frame rate?
Please, this is not about being animated at 24 fps, it's about the film being shoot at 24 fps

It's not really a matter of it being shot in film, but rather how your typical TV works.
This video gives you a bit of an explanation of why NTSC runs at ~30 fps (PAL is 25 fps in comparison). While this is for NA NTSC, this is still applicable generally to Japanese televisions.
In the age where analog TV is deprecated (just just removes certain technical barriers, allows for more bandwidth), the frame rate used in analog video systems are still used and incorporated into DTV and HDTV standards. For the interlaced 1080i format, each frame is composed of two fields, each displayed every 60th of a second with a complete frame displayed every 30th of a second, using an NTSC ~30 fps frame rate. Alternatively, with the progressive scan format (720p/1080p) it is displayed twice every 30th of a second.
Television programming (at least with the NTSC standard) is broadcast at 30 fps (actually 29.97 fps), because traditionally television sets were 60 Hz, and would display 30 fps in an interlaced format, which mean the in one cycle, these sets would draw half of the lines of the picture, then they would interlace the missing lines. Therefore 60 Hz divided by 2 cycles per frame equals ~30 fps.
Playing film content (24 fps) has some quirks on a standard 60Hz TV, after all how would you do about dividing the 24 frames into the 60Hz? The TV industry this thing called a 3:2 pulldown that essentially would use 3 cycles for one frame and two for the subsequent frame. This is done to shoehorn 24 frames into 60 slots and produces some unnatural jitter that usually goes unnoticed to the untrained eye.
Anime, in general, is done at 24 fps and 3:2 pulldown-ed to 30 fps. Actually doing animation at 24 drawings per second, is very costly and generally inefficient. Most High quality animation is animated at 12 fps/8 fps (depending on if it's in the foreground or background) or by 2's/3's. This means there are 12 (or 8) drawings per second, each held for 2 (or 3) frames to make 24 fps. Anime takes shortcut for labor and budgetary reason and most foreground scenes are animated by 3's/4's (sometimes 2's depending on the amount of action). CGI anime on the other hand is a whole other beast and best left for another topic for another time.
Much of the 30 fps movies you see are telecined and made from a 24 fps master (i.e. not typically shot at 30 fps). So  out of 15 frames (of 30) you'll notice that for every 5 frames, there are 2 frames that are interlaced.
The 24 fps standard was the smallest number that was easily divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8, which allowed editors to quickly find where to make their cuts which proved to be very cost effective production wise.
There are rare instances where animation is comes in 1's but it's rare. Bubblegum Crisis 2040's opening sequence consisted of some shots that were sped up to 29.97 fps. But the animators were not trained to animate at that fps, so it came out very weird with some parts being a little bit too fast while others being too smooth for a typical anime of it's time. During the pre-HD era, anime was shot at 24 fps and then interlaced to 29.97 fps and then blended with 3D CG at 30 fps, which looked fine on older TVs of it's time but come out looking pretty rough when converted to more modern and progressive formats, esp for blue ray
A notable example is in Disney's opening segment of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, where Belle gets on the wagon. These are high budget productions of with your average anime budget pales in comparison. In the past, anime was shot on 16mm film and was of comparatively lower resolutions compared to Western counterparts.
Early animators and filmmakers figured out to create the perception of motion through much trial and error. What they found was that somewhere between 12-16 fps would do the trick. If you fall below that threshold your brain just percieve it as a series of images displayed one after another. If you go above it, you get moving pictures.
As post people know these that while this illusion of motion works at ~16 fps, more frames makes for better (i.e. smoother) quality. Thomas Edison found what he believed was optimal frame rate 46 fps. According to him, anything lower than that resulted in discomfort and eventual exhaustion in audience. Which led Edison to build a camera and film projection system that operated at at a high frame rate.
The slowness of film stocks and high cost of film (35mm was the norm) made this not a good standard or starting point. It was more shooting closer to the threshold of the illusion of moving pictures as most silent films at the time were filmed around 16-18 fps and then projected closer to 20-24 fps. This is the reason while old silent films seem sped up, sometimes used for comical depicts like with Charlie Chapman.

I don't agree with saying "Therefore 60 Hz divided by 2 cycles per frame equals ~30 fps." This is extremely confusing and makes it seem as if both of the "2 cycle" frames are the same. But as you know, it's 60 actual independent frames of animation where only half the horizontal lines are represented by the signal. So anything made for TV should be a native 60fps, not 30fps. 30fps would result in interlacing artifacts.

After reading this post more, it doesn't seem correct to me. My understanding is that NTSC television was 60Hz and 60fps just that each frame only included half the line data. They'd alternate frames to make it appear more full, but they weren't 30fps broadcasts. 3:2 pulldown is used for making 24 fps into 60 fps, not 30 fps. It's where half of the frames are tripled and half are doubled. That makes it 60fps. If you wanna make it 30fps, then only some frames are doubled, but none are tripled. It makes no sense to call it 3:2 pulldown in that case. 12 * 3 = 36; 2 * 2 = 24; 36 + 24 = 60.


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Are there any non-human "races" or characters that also have never been and will never be human?
It seems like every character and "race" in Bleach is either human, was human at one point, will become human when they die, or were born to those who were at one point human - Shinigami, Hollows, etc. all seem to be, in some way, at least partially human or destined to become human.
Are there any races or characters that are truly non-human in any way shape or form?

I don't understand the thrust of the question here...are you questioning why there aren't extraterrestrial characters or beings in the Bleach universe?, or if there are?

I'm curious if there ARE races outside of humanity - like demons or yeah, aliens I guess. It seems like everyone in the show is, was, or will be human at some point - I was wondering if that's the case, or if there are truly non-human characters. It's a confusing question and I wasn't sure how best to word it, sorry.

Would Zanpakuto count? How about mod souls? Neither are, were or will ever be human, both I guess fall into the same category as homunculi, artificial beings given life through science/sorcery. Zanpakuto are sentient swords crafted by a dude which can appear in human form as Asauchi, spend most of their time silently and namelessly as swords and can be named and conversed with by a select few. Mod souls (canonically only Kon) are artificially created souls which appear as small candy and can be stuffed into things to possess them like people, gigai and stuffed lion plushies

Yup they count, thanks for the answer! I was just kind of hoping there'd be more beings that weren't human

@Gatchwar: I think clarifying questions are fine as comments, but you may want to convert the rest of your comment into an answer instead given that the author has agreed that they count.

No.
Every entity in the world of Bleach is or was either subject to be made from some component of souls, which would be tied back to some component of a human.
Even with modified souls being put into the fray, they were originally made in Soul Society with the available materials at hand (i.e. reiryoku), so even the modified souls would still be some fragment of a human.

I'm not sure I understand the point made about reiryoku (spiritual power), did you mean reishi (spiritual particles) by any chance? My understanding of the "physics" of Bleach is terrible but reiryoku seems more like an attribute than a physical thing. i.e. things in our world have attributes like colour, texture and mass but none of these are physical "things" unto themselves. "Blue" is not a "thing" but a blueberry is, "things" aren't made of "mass" they're made up of elements/atoms/etc. and the amount of stuff in an object is its mass. I think reishi is the thing that reiryoku measures


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Could one make a Devil Fruit eat another one?
We saw deers, guns and swords that have Devil Fruit powers. Would it be possible (with Vegapunks help) for a DF to eat a DF?
Would it explode like if someone ate two DFs? If not, one could try to eat that DF to get both powers (And should explode).
If it is possible, it is worth thinking about whether or not the resulting DF has it's own powers too. E.g. take a fox Zoan, feat it to the fire fruit (no offence to neither Ace nor Sabo here) and create a "Firefox".

We don't know. Only Oda does.

what-will-happen-if-one-person-eats-two-devil-fruits

Not even close to my question. "Things can 'eat' DFs so can one DF eat another (ONE other) and become a Zoan type DF user?" != "What happens if one person eats two DFs?"

Now I am not absolutely sure about this, but eating two Devil Fruits by a normal person leads to the person's death. Natural Devil Fruits in my opinion may not be able to do what you said. Since the way they get created is as follows: [taken from the One Piece wiki]

When a Devil Fruit user dies, their ability is reborn into another Fruit of
  the same kind. Instead of growing from a plant, the ability simply
  regenerates inside another existing Fruit, as seen when Smiley "died" and
  the Sara Sara no Mi, Model: Axolotl transplanted itself into a nearby apple.
  However, as demonstrated by Charlotte Linlin, if a Devil Fruit user was
  literally eaten alive then the eater would straightforwardly gain the
  ability. Another characteristic of a Devil Fruit's growth is that the stem
  becomes noticeably curlier than it was when the Fruit was not endowed with
  the ability. In the anime, it was also shown to change its color.

What we could now possibly look forward to is the case of Teach, "Kurohige", since he is the only person alive to have two Devil Fruits. When he dies it would be interesting to see whether the powers he has go into one Fruit or two separate Fruits.
Also the other cases wherein this could be possible is by Vegapunk's experiments since he successfully manufactured an artificial Fruit, maybe he could go on to create one which eats other Fruits, so it would be a mixture of artificial-natural Devil Fruit.
Ultimately, it does lie in Oda's hands and the answer can only be speculated on.

Well, since both Vegapunk and Ceasar are doing weird experiments on DFs, i think that could happen one day and we can be sure they are working on it.
However, we can't know if they will successfully fuse two DFs as it will be decided in the future by the scenario. Only Oda knows.
Hope that helped.

I could imagine that this is how blackbeard got whitebeards power. He lets his devil fruits power suck up the devilfruit created by whitebeards death so he inderectly has controll over both dfs


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Does Kana Akatsuki have any published works other than Violet Evergarden?
I have found very little information online about Kana Akatsuki, the author of the original light novel Violet Evergarden, and I can find nothing about any other works by her. Is this her only published work?

You can find more information if you search by their  name in Japanese 暁佳奈.
They don't have any other works listed on their goodreads author profile.
There is an interview with the author on Kyoto Animation's website. At the top of the page it states that this was their debut work:

第5回京都アニメーション大賞小説部門で同賞初の大賞を受賞し、『ヴァイオレット・エヴァーガーデン』でデビュー。

The last word デビュー means debut.
The interview additionally states that it took 6 months to create Violet Evergarden and that it was made specifically for the Kyoto Animation award, because Kana Akatsuki loved Clannad: After Story anime which came from their studio.

――なぜ京都アニメーション大賞に応募しようと思われたのですか？
アニメ「CLANNAD 〜AFTER STORY〜」が大好きで、あの作品を作られた会社さんだからです。頭の中の映像を文字に起こすように書いていますので、本当に映像になったら面白いと思いました。 京都アニメーションさんで実現したら素敵だろうな、と夢見ました。
――京アニ大賞応募時、『ヴァイオレット・エヴァーガーデン』の執筆にはどれくらい時間をかけられたのでしょうか。
恐らく半年くらいだと思われます。寒い時期にカーディガンをずるずる引きずってお湯を沸かし紅茶を飲みながら書いていた記憶があります。北海道はいつも寒いので記憶が曖昧です。

どうもありがとうございます。 This is a good, solid answer.

I think Violet Evergarden was Kana Akatsuki's Debut work.
Violet Evergarden was written for one of Kyoto Animation's competitions, and it won the grand prize (2014); hence the Anime adaptation.

I’m afraid this answer is not very useful. The fact that the light novel won the 2014 grand prize is easily found. The claim that it was written specifically for the competition is unsourced and I cannot confirm it; in any case it does not seem relevant to the question. The claim that it was her debut work is also unsourced; I cannot confirm it (or I would not have had to post this question); and you seem uncertain about it. So I’m pretty much as much in the dark as I was before.

@TomZych Apologies for the subpar answer, didn't have time to do my research; so I left an answer planning on adding onto it later. But I guess that is no longer needed; as the accepted answer looks good. Cheers~


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Why would Saitama choose this path?
In One Punch Man season 1 episode 9, after Saitama defeated the Deep Sea King, there is a civilian badmouthing Saitama. At first, the other civilians didn't agree with the badmouthing civilian but then Saitama chose to claim that the monster is weak and he just took the bounty... But the monster is not even WEAK!
Why would Saitama choose this path? He can just ignore the words of that civilian and go do other things but why did he choose to get humiliated? What's the reasoning behind him doing that?

It looks more like he was just irritated and gave up on trying to reason out with the civilians.

Saitama clearly likes getting credit and being appreciated. However, I believe the reason he did that in this particular situation, is because he cared more about how the civilians were viewing the other heroes and didn't like the way they were belittled despite them putting their lives on the line. We sort of see this from Saitama, especially after Mumen Rider gets beaten up by Deep Sea King. Saitama clearly knew the former at least in terms of power, was practically useless. However, he is still appreciative and acknowledges the effort put in by Mumen Rider as you can see here.Another important factor to note is that, unlike other professional heroes, Saitama doesn't walk into a fight with anything at stake or anything to lose. He isn't in a situation where his life is at risk or he's doing something extremely difficult compared to the rest of the Heroes where they are literally putting their lives on the line. We can see this side of him when he's surprised that his ranking went up significantly after smashing the meteor which he didn't consider as big of a deal.Saitama deep inside, strongly believes in the role of a professional Hero and what it represents. Another similar incident is when he fights Suiryu and the latter undermines being a hero (which you can see here at 15:24, when they talk about the hero job.), Saitama gets serious and is very offended and reacts in a particular manner. Hence, in conclusion,  Saitama strongly stands for the Hero association and the role that it entails and acknowledges the level of effort put in by heroes and was clearly upset with the way the public were treating them. Also, while to an ordinary person, Saitama's feats might seem unbelievable and monumental, to Saitama they aren't. In other words, one could say Mumen Rider for instance has much more at stake and put in more effort in comparison to Saitama(Who Despite being a million times more efficient), barely put in any effort.

I think it is because He is a hero for just a hobby. He is not much bothered by what people think of him.

But he also know that other heroes are serious about it and put there life on line for saving the civilians especially heroes like licenseless Rider.

But seeing that him beating the monster in a single punch is making those hard working heroes look bad. He created such a situation in which he is condemned for taking credit for beating the monster after it has been substantially weakened by fighting other heroes, making it appear so the effort of other heroes was not for nothing. Hence restoring faith of people in the heroes at his expense.


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How were "Heat distortion" effects done in older shows?
A lot of shows from the 90s/early 2000s used a wibbling effect to mimic heat distortion.
An example can be seen in several Slayers episodes:

considering they are still images with a frame rate of less than 30 FPS, I am wondering how this effect was achieved with such fluidity.

By filming through moving water, presumanly


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Who crucified Lilith?
Who crucified Lilith?
As far as I remember, Adam was the first angel and landed on earth.
Lilith landed later on earth, and its Longinus Lance was destroyed or something else.
The Katsuragi Expedition discovered that Adam was impaled with the Longinus Lance and the contact experiment caused the second impact.
Since there is only one Longinus Lance (Adam's), who crucified Lilith?

I rewatched the series and in episode 14, Rei crucifies Lilith.

When in episode 14 does this happen?


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Is Gear Second still damaging Luffy?
When Luffy first started using Gear Second, it was claimed that this was shortening his lifespan as it requires his body to work more than it normally does. Is this not the case anymore? And if not, why? What changed?
Luffy has been using Gear Second in many fights now and there does not seem to be that worry anymore. Or is this something that will be addressed later in the story?

When Luffy first developed his 2nd Gear, he would pump blood through out the entirety of his body and increase the blood flow, doing so enabled his tissue and organs to access more oxygen and nutrients, hence making him match up with opponents who were stronger than him. The problem however occurred with prolonged use of the technique, due to the fast rate of metabolism from increased blood flow, luffy would burn up nutrients rapidly, and the less nutrients he had, the less energy he had to continue fighting, but since he's stubborn, he'd still continue using it, and at that point the technique hacks away at his life force because his body is being overworked with little nutrients.

Moreover, during the 2 year time skip, luffy trained under Reilegh, and was able to fully master and perfect his 2nd gear, to the point where he only needed to pump blood increasingly through the parts he needed to use for fighting. Although this helped reduced the effects, I believe the 2nd gear becomes more dangerous when he uses it past its limits.
So to finally answer your question, the second gear still negatively affects luffy and chips away at his lifespan, but when compared to the time he first developed the technique, the effects are not that great. The main technique that poses more of a threat to luffy  is his fourth gear, which is a completely different case.

Why do you say gear fourth is more of a threat?

Here's a super brief summary of why. the nature of the fourth gear focuses more on compression, and luffy's muscles are tasked to their limits cause unlike the 3rd gear, he literally inflates the muscular structure on his upper body and coats it with haki therby giving him a tremendous boost. Moreover, his body metabolism is almost thrice as much as when he uses gear 2nd, think about that for a second

The technique also puts a huge toll on his stamina due to the large empahsis on his rubbery muscular structure, although the drawbacks have reduced quite drastically, continuous fighting and exertion of his body after the use of gear 4 is even more dangerous for him.  In his fight against Cracker you'll understand what i mean when i say his body metabolism is at least 3 times more than in gear 2. Gear 4 is in a way a better version of both gear 2 and 3 but its drawbacks is worse than both


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Can knowledge from the Gate of Truth be passed down?
In Fullmetal Alchemist, there have been several facts about human transmutation that have been established:

To learn or perform about human transmutation, an equivalent exchange must be performed.
You can force another being to perform human transmutation and open their gate of truth.
You can restore the body of another who is linked to you through human transmutation.
You can sacrifice your own knowledge of alchemy as part of the equivalent exchange.

This got me thinking: Could you sacrifice your own knowledge of human transmutation to pass the knowledge down to family members? As a father, let's say that you sacrificed some part of your body to gain knowledge of human transmutation and gain the ability to perform transmutation without a circle. Then, you are nearing the end of your life, but you wish to pass the knowledge you gained on. Could you sacrifice your own door to open your child's door, to prevent rebound on the child? Could you also sacrifice the remaining years of your life?

Probably, the method seems pretty straightforward so long as you think ethics are for suckers. Let's start by touching on some of the points you bring up. Forcing someone else's gate open is not a well understood phenomenon and probably doesn't serve a meaningful purpose in this case. Forcing someone else to open their gate of truth is possible but is far from trivial, it was only done once by Pride to Mustang and given how fervently the homunculi tried to get Mustang to perform a human transmutation of his own volition before Pride forced the issue, how Pride notes that it took a lot out of him and we see his philosopher's stone fueled body crack slightly afterwards we can surmise it was a transmutation that leveraged the power of the philosopher's stone as an alchemical catalyst and cost a significant amount of the philosopher's stone's power that Pride would not have used if he hadn't been forced. With that in mind it doesn't seem likely a human without a philosopher's stone to serve as a catalyst could force someone else's gate open. Why not just draw the human transmutation circle for the child and have them activate it willingly, no philosopher's stone needed.
Truth always exacts a toll from those who attempt human transmutation and sends them through the gate where they acquire vast alchemical knowledge. We don't know if Truth accepts philosopher's stones, gates, debit, etc. as payment to waive the usual toll, it's never come up. But for the task at hand why not just pay the toll? Truth doesn't tend to exact enough of a toll to kill you, with the exception of Alphonse (even if your kid gets Alphonsed you could just pull an Edward and bind their soul to something while you try to revert the situation). Then when they get back missing an arm, their hearing or whatever just do what Ed, Al, Mustang and Izumi refused to do and use a philosopher's stone to regrow/fix whatever was taken like the homunculi do. At the start of FMA Edward and Alphonse knew once they had gotten their hands on the philosopher's stone they could transmute their broken bodies whole again but once they learned about the true nature of the stones they adamantly refused to use the lives of others to fix their mistakes. If you have no such qualms you're good to go.
If you have some qualms and are looking for a less morally bankrupt way to pay for a limb there are possible replacements. Edward demonstrates you can exchange your gate of truth as part of an alchemical exchange but it is made clear such an exchange is not meaningful for others. The gate of truth is the only way out of Truth's domain, without it there is no way to return to reality. Edward is a special case because his gate is somehow linked to Alphonse's gate, when Edward gave up his own gate he and Alphonse left through Alphonse's gate together. Mustang later confirms transmuting one's gate is useless for most when he expresses he is down to swap his gate for his sight but laments not having a way back afterwards. The fact that Edward and Alphonse share a connection through their gates is an unnatural occurrence and the mechanism and reason for it isn't well established, all we know is the linking of the gates probably happened the day the boys tried to transmute their mom (whether it be from the human transmutation itself, Edward swapping an arm for Al's soul or Edward binding Al's soul to an object) since it was later established Alphonse's body trapped in Truth's domain derives nourishment from Edward through the connection of their gates which necessarily began here. It's unclear if you can restore the body parts of someone else without your gates being linked and you certainly will end up trapped in Truth's domain if you don't have a linked gate to exit from.
Rather than the lives of others could you exchange your own life for a limb? You can in fact exchange life force in a transmutation, philosopher's stones are the condensed form of the life forces of many people, their use as an alchemical catalyst is shown repeatedly throughout the series, from regenerating the bodies of the homunculi to allowing Father Cornello to seemingly subvert the law of equivalent exchange all the way to possibly allowing Pride to force Mustang's gate open. The philosopher's stone however does not subvert the law of equivalent exchange, it only balances out otherwise unbalanced exchanges with life force. The philosopher's stone is not limitless in use either, eventually all of the life force contained within is expended and it ceases to be, such as when Mustang fried Lust repeatedly until her stone ran out of power. On a more local scale one can use their own life force while alive as an alchemical catalyst which Edward demonstrated after getting impaled by a steel beam fighting Kimblee. He notes that he needs to expend some of his own life force to boost the transmutation needed to close his wound and at some point also points out that he himself has 1 soul's worth of life force (where a philosopher's stone contains many). Is 1 soul of life force enough for a limb? No idea, either way this method is still dubious since sacrificing someone else's life to restore a limb is the exact circumstance we are trying to avoid.

Well, I wasn't trying to restore a limb in this hypothetical. Mainly, I had this crazy idea that started with this idea: resurrection of the dead wasn't possible because, as Edward said, "He didn't go deep enough." I was thinking that one person wasn't enough, but maybe if they passed down knowledge and accumulated it, then eventually a descendant could resurrect the dead after passing down and accumulating knowledge.

@ElliotLin I'm not sure on this since it seems distinctly like untread territory but I don't think you can trade in knowledge as part of an equivalent exchange, it has not come up in the series. I don't think Edward traded in the knowledge he gained from beyond the gate of truth for Al but the gate itself. We see him go through the motions of transmuting without a circle afterwards and nothing happens, not because he doesn't remember how to transmute but because he cannot without his gate.


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How powerful is the Rinne Sharingan?
It's clear now that Rinnegan boasts the most powerful dojutsu out of the 3 dojutsu (not including Tenseigan here).
There are few occurrence where we got to saw Rinne Sharingan in action. So, where does it put the power of Rinne-Sharingan?
The current power level is laid out as such:
Sharingan 1st < Sharingan 2nd < Sharingan 3rd < Byakugan < Mangekyo Sharingan < Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan < One eye Rinnegan < Both eyes Rinnegan
Where does the Rinne Sharingan lie?

I'm pretty sure that Sasuke doesn't have a Rinne-Sharingan. He has a Rinnegan. And about the  power level comparison, can you provide the source from where you got it?

@EroSɘnnin please see my edits regarding Sasuke Rinne-Sharingan. Also regarding the power level, i would say the Naruto manga is the source since there is no mention of these power level in the databook. I think the power level i mentioned above is pretty straight forward.  I wonder if there is any canon source that doesn't agree with it.

The details are not accurate. Please check the list of Rinne-Sharingan users. You wont find Sasuke there because he is a Rinnegan user. As for the comparison of dojutsu, it is opinion based as there is no official source to back that comparison

@EroSɘnnin Yes, you are right. Rinnegan with tomoe and Sharingan powers = still just a Rinnegan. Rinne-Sharinagn is a Kekei Mora and Rinnegan is a Kekei Genkai and Sasuke has a Kekei Genkai. Now it begs another question. What is the difference between Kaguya's Rinne-sharingan and Sasuke's Rinnegan with Tomoe?

The Sage of Six Paths said the Rinne Sharingan was the original Dojutsu that both the Sharingan and Rinnegan descended from. From this, we can assume it has both their powers. Considering Madara had to awaken it before casting Infinite Tsukyomi, I'd say it's more powerful than even Rinnegan in both eyes.

I'm really not sure about how you have rated the power level. For example, I really don't see byakugan less powerful than sharingan 1st tomoe.

Due to the Infinite Tsukuyomi, it should be ahead of everything except the Rinnegan. It should be above them as well but Kaguya didn't show enough of it to be a 100% sure.
Note: I wouldn't necessarily put the Sharingan above the Byakugan, especially the incomplete versions.

Have to +1 the comment about sharingan and byakugan as the byakugans powers are vastly different from the sharingan 1st powers. They seem pretty even at that level at least.