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How often do multi-season anime break their previous cour count?
Usually with multi-season anime, successive seasons tend to follow a similar episode-count as previous seasons. Even if the exact number of episodes is off by a couple, or some are replaced by recap episodes, but in almost every Season 2 or 3 I've seen, the number of cours always matches up with the same number of cours as the 1st season.
First, is there a particular reason for this, or is it "just tradition"?
Second, how often do second or third seasons break from the cour-count of previous seasons? Does it happen at least once a year, or is it uncommon enough that the last time it happened was ages ago? Does it even happen at all?
Third, are there any examples of anime that have asymmetrical seasons like this? Recent and otherwise examples would be nice.

Cour count? Standard English please.

@AyaseEri "cour" as in "block of roughly 13 episodes" (we have a question about this).

Let me answer your question anecdotally. (A data-driven answer would be better, but I don't want to spend very long trawling AniDB/MAL/etc. If somebody does that, I'll award a bounty.)
From the bottom up:

Third, are there any examples of anime that have asymmetrical seasons like this? Recent and otherwise examples would be nice.

Shokugeki no Soma (2 cours → 1 cour)
K-ON! (1 cour → 2 cours)
Monogatari (15 episodes → 1 cour → 2 cours → 1 cour → 2 cours, not counting the 2-hour-ish specials or the movies or Koyomimonogatari)
Full Metal Panic! (2 cours → 1 cour → 1 cour)
Kimi ni Todoke (2 cours → 1 cour)
Haikyuu!! (2 cours → 2 cours → 1 cour)
Nisekoi (20 episodes → 1 cour)
Psycho-Pass (2 cours → 1 cour)
Yama no Susume (1 cour → 2 cours; this is a short)
Little Busters! (2 cours → 1 cour)
Shingeki no Bahamut (1 cour → 2 cours)
Yowamushi Pedal (3 cours → 2 cours → 2 cours)

(This is mostly recent stuff; I haven't watched enough older stuff to have a good sense for how things worked back in the day.)

Second, how often do second or third seasons break from the cour-count of previous seasons? Does it happen at least once a year, or is it uncommon enough that the last time it happened was ages ago? Does it even happen at all?

The list above is just the ones I remembered offhand as having "asymmetrical" seasons while I was scrolling through the list of anime I've seen. And, alas, I have not yet achieved my lifelong dream of watching literally all the anime, so there are naturally going to be others that I didn't notice.
I'd say this is the kind of thing that happens maybe a few times a year or so - it does seem to be infrequent relative to "symmetrical" seasons, but not so rare as it seems to you. Certainly not something that hasn't happened in ages - Shokugeki no Soma's second season was Fall 2016, and Shingeki no Bahamut's second season is starting soon, in Spring 2017.

First, is there a particular reason for this, or is it "just tradition"?

Here is one clear reason this would happen:

Long-running cash cows aside, the number of cours in a particular season of a particular anime is a small integer - almost always 1, 2, 3, or 4; and most frequently just 1 or 2. Even if anime season lengths were randomly either 1 or 2 cours, we'd expect to see 50% of two-season anime be "symmetrical". In reality, there is a moderate bias towards 1-cour anime (at least in the present day), so that even absent other factors, we'd expect more than 50% to be "symmetrical".

Additionally, I can offer the following speculative thoughts:

Some varieties of anime intrinsically lend themselves to particular cour lengths.

Many sports anime, for example, are structured as a series of tournaments, each of which features a number of competitions, with each competition taking up multiple episodes; this is typically the kind of thing that lends itself to having a tournament per season, with each season consisting of 2 or more cours.
On the other hand, comedies that aren't Gintama seem to fare best when they don't drag on for too long, biasing them more strongly towards 1-cour seasons.

If you have an anime that's based on an ongoing manga/novel source, structuring it as a bunch of 1-cour seasons seems to be an effective way to both 1.) avoid running out of source material; and 2.) avoid having long gaps without an anime. Natsume Yuujinchou strikes me as a quintessential example of this.
If you have an anime adapted from source material that has a regular/predictable narrative structure, and you successfully adapted it into an n-cour anime season, it stands to reason that its next anime season would probably also be well-served by an n-cour run.

I think we see a number of systemic factors that bias multi-season into being "symmetrical" and no systemic factors that bias them into being "asymmetrical".
Of course, on a case-by-case basis, there will often be factors that make it make sense to have "asymmetrical" seasons. For example, with K-ON!, the first season was so enormously successful that the production committee would've been fools not to ride that cash cow into the sunset. And as for Haikyuu!! - while it does follow the "2-cour sports anime" format for its first two seasons, the thing is that its second tournament is long enough that they just split out the most exciting part of it into a separate season, which seems reasonable.


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Mirai Nikki ending?
Can anyone explain how is it that

 Yuno not only crossed universes, but shattered the wall of space time? It seemed like there would not be another death-game in the 3rd universe since the contestants all lost their will for fighting due to causality breaking down. How is she there? And why is Deus just sitting back letting them universe hop?

I looked into the manga's last chapter sense the anime kind of left it up to imagination in the final scenes but I'm still confused. Below is how the manga describes it:

Everything is explained in the OVA/Manga Mirai Nikki : Redial.
I suggest that you watch/read it.
Short summary:

As said in the page you posted the memories of 1st Yuno were saved by 1st Murumuru. Later on she gives those to 3rd Yuno.
While there isn't a survival game in the 3rd world Deus still needs a replacement.
As 3rd Yuno gains the memories of her other self, she is chosen by Deus as the goddess of the third World.
Wanting to reunite with 2nd Yukiteru they use Yuno's cell phone from the first world as a link to find him.

I see, yeah I'll have to look into watching it. I think my usual source should have it.

source: Stack Exchange

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

sort: votes


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Where can I watch Hentai Ouji to Warawanai Neko.: Henneko BBS?
As the title suggests, I'm looking for the episodes of Hentai Ouji to Warawanai Neko.: Henneko BBS. I've been searching for a while now and can't seem to find anything regarding it, I only find the TV series (which i've already watched). So my question is:
Is it possible to watch Hentai Ouji to Warawanai Neko.: Henneko BBS online and when yes, where can I find it?
Thanks for your help in advance.

Hentai Ouji to Warawanai Neko is licenced by Sentai Filmworks according wikipedia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_%22Hentai%22_Prince_and_the_Stony_Cat.
If you go on the official website of Sentai Filmworks you will find the blu-ray here : https://shop.sentaifilmworks.com/products/the-hentai-prince-the-stony-cat-complete-collection
It is written :

Extras: Clean Opening Animation; Clean Closing Animation; BBS Shorts
  (x12)

The BBS shorts are included. So you just have to buy the blu-ray.

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/


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Combination Chakra Natures
What are all the chakra natures that can be used through combining two or more of the 5 basic chakra natures: fire, wind, lightning, earth, and water?

Go about a third of the way down this page. http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Nature_Transformation


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What is being shown in this Bleach panel?
In chapter 350 of Bleach, this set of panels appears:

But I don't understand what is being shown here. Is it Ichigo's newly made hole?

Rotate the image around and it's a bit clearer how things must be oriented.  Note that left-right has been reversed in this rotation, but it preserves the chronological order of the strips and puts them in the correct vertical orientation.

The ground must be the white bit we start with to explain the position of Orihime's knee/hand and how the tears (possibly blood) are falling and impacting the initial white surface.  Ichigo would be on his side on the ground, or on his back or chest with his head turned to the side.  The second strip shows one of her spirits and the initial activation of Soten Kisshun.  In the third and fourth strips Soten Kisshun is fully deployed.  Since we can't see the corner/spirit anymore, Ichigo has probably tilted his head to see what's going on.  Possibly the second panel is very early in the activation, in which case the spirit may still be in transit.  But given the curvature in the third strip and how the maximum is obtained to the right (in the mirrored directions), it seems more likely that Ichigo has tried to move/tilt his head.  In the third strip you can see Orihime's knee as she kneels by Ichigo to try to heal/protect him.  Possibly it is her hand, as the blood/tears in the fourth strip seem more plausible to me if she is leaning forward on her hand a bit and her head is just off-screen while most of her body is behind it.
The next page makes it clear that, yes, Ichigo is on his chest with his head to his side.

The page after that makes Orihime's position a little less clear: yes, she's on her knees (not leaning forward on her hands) and crying, but the orientation of things makes it seem like Ichigo is (well) behind her, such that it's hard to explain how Ichigo sees her apparently being close and also behind Soten Kisshun's effect.  She even turns her head to look behind her when Ichigo gets up in Hollow form.  Possibly this is just an issue with perspective that Kubo and the artists overlooked.

Soten Kishun is a golden oval (drawn white) which surrounds what it is healing. Confirmed in the previous chapter, 349, Inoue is "above" Ichigos Head (infront of him when he stands up), and Ichigo, at least up until right before transforming, is completely surrounded by Soten Kishun. The only thing in his vision after its activated should be the ground, or the golden oval. That means something is up with the upper left corner of the third and 4th panels, there should be no black portion there. Any thoughts?

@Ryan I think it's Soten Kisshun, as it's consistent with how it is activating in the second strip, but Kubo/they just goofed on previous and upcoming positions because they felt this gave a more dramatic effect.  They wanted to add a visual reason to Ichigo going berserk with resolve to protect her (just hearing her wasn't enough, I guess), so they needed him to see "just enough" to know what's going, what his basic state is, and that she's upset.  I think they just ignored that the positioning of things isn't terribly consistent in order to achieve this.

You can also note how the color of the sky is inconsistent not only in these three pages, but indeed from one panel to the next, being either undecorated pure white to pure black to a streaked grey-ish.  The last page where we see Orihime in the bottom three panels initially has a pure white background, the other two have the grey-ish sky.  The next page after that also use the grey/black on Hollow Ichigo's image, but seems to revert to white for Orihime again (maybe that's partly symbolic, but I think it's just lazy drawing that emphasizes the shade only when convenient).

What I can tell for sure is that the 2nd panel here shows soten kisshun, Orehime's healing ability. With that thought, and the situation at the time, the first 2 panels look to be what Ichigo is seeing from his own eyes. The black/grey gradient is the sky of Hueco Mundo, and the white part is the Las Noches Roof, and the whole scene is on its side, since Ichigo is laying down.
The 3rd and 4th panels seem to display something else though, That pitch black can't be Hueco Mundo's sky, and Soten Kisshun would surround him, so the black being there means he is not surrounded by Soten Kisshun. At the same time, I can not identify the thing in the upper right of the 2 lower panels. As shown on the next page, the only thing Ichigo could see that is not Soten Kisshun, Hueco Mundos sky, or Las Noches roof, would be his own blood, and that is clearly not blood. That rules out Ichigos direct vision for the 3rd and 4th panels.
It does however have a resemblance to one thing 2 pages later, Orehime Inoue screaming for Ichigo's help. It does resemble an open mouth, with the bottom row of teeth, and a chin, but its missing everything else. Considering she was calling out for him at the time, and that is what woke up his powers, my personal guess here is that its a semi symbolic scene of that. However, Its extremely difficult to say for sure. If anyone has any ideas, feel free to bring them up.

You can see one of her spirit thingies in the second strip.

@zibadawatimmy That is what I said, Its part of her Soten Kishun when she was trying to heal him

Soten Kisshun is a technique that utilizes two of her spirits, which manifests in an oval-like region.  It is not the spirits themselves.  You seemed to be pointing out how you could see this characteristic region.  When you can in fact see one of the specific spirits (as well).

@zibadawatimmy Soten Kishun is the entire move itself, and by definition includes the spirit. The spirit is  a part of the technique, as is the oval region, and the event negation. So at best pointing it out results in redundancy.


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What novel does Teshigawara allude to in chapter 2.2 of "Earthbound"?
In the spin-off novel Kimi no Na wa. Another Side:Earthbound, chapter 2 takes a look at the events of Kimi no Na wa. from Teshigawara's perspective. The second section of that chapter has him thinking about how he's so fed up with the corruption in Itomori that he just wants to blow the whole place up. Then, this thought occurs to him (on p. 88):

そういえば、大好きすぎて辛いから、もういっそなくなってしまえ、と思いつめて、どこかの寺に火をつける小説があったはずだ。
Come to think of it, wasn't there a novel where someone is so deeply in love that it hurts, and gets it in his/her head that he/she should just make it all go away, so he/she sets fire to some temple? [translation mine]

What novel is he referring to here? The description makes it sound like some classic of Japanese literature, which is a thing I don't know much about.
(It is presumably a novel that actually exists, given that all the other allusions so far (Michael Jackson, "Muu" magazine, a few others) have all been to real-world things that exist.)

I believe he is referring to The Temple of the Golden Pavilion by Yukio Mishima.

The novel is loosely based on the burning of the Reliquary (or Golden Pavilion) of Kinkaku-ji in Kyoto by a young Buddhist acolyte in 1950. The pavilion, dating from before 1400, was a national monument that had been spared destruction many times throughout history, and the arson shocked Japan. The story is narrated by Mizoguchi, the disturbed acolyte in question, who is afflicted with a stutter, and who recounts his obsession with beauty and the growth of his urge to destroy it.

D'oh. That's definitely it, given the surrounding context in "Earthbound".


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Was the Tokyo Ghoul OP made before the Anime or specifically for the anime?
Was the song Unravel (OST Tokyo Ghoul) made specifically for the Anime, or was it already made before the Anime, and was just used by the studio for the Anime. If it predates the Anime, was it as famous as it is now, or did it gain popularity after it appeared in the Anime ?

Most (if not all) anime OP & ED are created specifically for anime. Personally, I never heard of anime reusing an existing song.

I do not know if it was made specifically for the Anime, but the Anime was the debut of the song. The first episode of the Anime having aired on July 4th, 2014 and the single containing the song being released on july 23rd, 2014.

I do remember reading that the Author, Ishida Sui, is a very big fan of Ling Tosite Sigure's lead singer TK, who was asked to sing the opening for the Anime debut.
From http://tokyoghoul.wikia.com/wiki/Sui_Ishida:

He personally requested TK to sing the opening song for the anime's first season.

Along with

He actively promoted TK's (lead singer) Tour 2016 "Signal to Noise" by illustrating fan articles.
Ishida seems to be a fan of the Japanese rock band 凛として時雨 (Ling tosite sigure) given he has named Tokyo Ghoul:re Chapter 74 after one of their songs.

to support my previous claims as well.
It's pretty common to see Sui promote others via fan drawings and stuff through his Twitter, check it out sometime!


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Can Ghouls drink water?
I just started watching the series and I'm about 4episodes in.
In episode 2 the shopkeeper old guy says:

 Since ancient times, coffee is the one thing that ghouls and humans can enjoy.

but in episode 4 when Touka got a piece of meat from a friend, she was in the bathroom drinking water and fighting to keep it in her body.
She didn't instantly vomit from the water but in episode 1 when the protagonist drank milk he did.
So based off of these observations, can ghouls actually drink water & coffee? And if so are there other dietary things that float along this median line of edibility among both races?

Coffee is not just made up of only coffee beans, it contains water as well :P

@IchigoKurosaki idk why I didn't think of that. If you post this as an answer I'll accept it and close the question.

But milk also has water in it.

I think it's just an exception. I've seen all of season 1 now and there are several scenes of different ghouls drinking water.

Although what you said is write but think about this "Coffee is not just made up of only coffee beans, it contains water as well".


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Is there any equivalent to the "fujoshi"/"fudanshi" descriptors for yuri fans?
A woman who consumes and enjoys boys' love publications might describe herself as a fujoshi (腐女子), literally "rotten girl". There is an equivalent term for men: fudanshi (腐男子).
Does an equivalent term for men or women who enjoy yuri publications exist? (In other words, is there a term someone can use as a shorthand to say that she likes reading yuri manga?) My internet research suggests there is not, but I would like to see something more authoritative, particularly since my lack of knowledge might be linked to my lack of active involvement in yuri fan circles.

This Reddit thread poses the same question and does not come to any real conclusion.
TVTropes mentions the fujoshi term in its page for "yaoi fangirls" but lacks anything similar on its page for "yuri fans".

If there is no such term, is there any reason for its lack of existence?

There is the term 姫男子 hime-danshi lit. "princess-boy" for a male person who enjoys lesbian/yuri media. I think this is a relatively recent coining - the Nicopedia article on this term dates to 2012, and the earliest clear attestation on Twitter I've found is this one from Feb 2011 (though, I don't know if Twitter was popular enough in Japan prior to 2011 to be reliable for gathering attestations). This term does not appear to have very much purchase (certainly much less than fujoshi or fudanshi), but it does exist.
As you might expect, it has a counterpart 姫女子 hime-joshi lit. "princess-girl" for a female person who enjoys lesbian/yuri media.
The term 百合好き yuri-zuki lit. "yuri-liker" exists and would be well-understood, but it's compositional in meaning and doesn't feel like a distinct "word" to me.

I speculatively submit the following as a possible reason why there are no clear analogues to the term fujoshi: a woman consuming media about male homosexuality is somehow more "scandalous" or otherwise unusual than a man consuming media about female homosexuality. It is well-documented that men, on average, are really into lesbian porn (see e.g. "Why Straight Men Gaze at Gay Women"); I imagine the same extends to non-pornographic media.
This may explain why there is a well-accepted name for fujoshi (they're a weird outgroup, gotta call them something) but not so much for hime-danshi ("you're not into lesbians? what are you, gay?").
[Note, indeed, that fujoshi was, at least originally, a term of derision ("rotten"), while the nascent term hime-danshi isn't derisive, at least not to the same degree. While researching this answer, I came upon a number of tweets observing (humorously or otherwise) the latent sexism here.]
Similarly, there's a strong segregation between BL media and "everything else". If a male homosexual relationship shows up in something targeted at general audiences, it's generally not well-received (cf. Shinsekai yori, which barely depicted any male homosexuality and still got people up in arms). If a female homosexual relationship shows up, though... who's going to complain about that? And so, we have "media for fujoshi" on the one hand, and "media for 'regular' people" on the other, and the latter bucket includes media about female homosexuality, so why would we need a name for people who like that stuff? They're just "regular" people, right?

Yuriko (百合 子) means children of the lily. It's the official name given to Latin American fans of yuri.
I know that fans from other countries also call themselves this way, but I'm not sure it's accepted by their yuri community. Some places in Japan use that term too.
Yuriko is rather new, having been acquired in 2014.

The manga Yuri-Danshi had a better name it was in deliberate contrast to fudanshi. So yuri-danshi and yuri-joshi, why not?

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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What's this dance that Franky and Chopper are doing?
In episode 380 of One Piece, during Brook's rendition of "Bink's Booze," Frankie and Chopper do a rather bizarre dance with what looks like chopsticks up their noses, and holding baskets out in front of them.
Is the dance just totally random, or is it something recognizable to a Japanese viewer?
(Screenshot taken from the Crunchyroll video feed.)

Chopper had been shown to do the chopstick thing several times before...though I think Luffy introduced Chopper to it.  The dance though idk.

After some google search I stumbled upon this page, about Hyottoko: there it is mentioned

In some parts of north eastern Japan, Hyottoko is regarded as the god of fire. There is a well known folk story in the form of music, izumoyasugibushi (出雲安来節) where a fisherman dances with a bamboo basket, having the same visual expression as the mask of Hyottoko. During this dance, a person puts five yen coins on their nose.

More info can be found here:

In imitation of a comical gesture to catch loaches with a bamboo basket, the so-called 'dojo-sukui' loach-scooping dance accompanied by Yasukibushi song was enjoying a boom in Tokyo after Osaka early in the 20th century. This unique dance was performed at many small theaters in Asakusa, Tokyo, which is very helpful to be known throughout the country. Most Japanese know Yasukibushi even though they don't know the place name Yasugi in Shimane Prefecture. The dojo-sukui dancer with a bamboo creel on his side and bamboo basket in his hands, as shown in the picture, is funny enough to be prevailing in the country as a banquet entertainment performed by an amateur.

Here is a youtube video portraying the dance.


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Can Byakugan read mind?
In episode 46 of Naruto,from 11:57 to 14:05 minutes
Neji Hyuga went on saying the mental state and thought process of Hinata Hyuga.Although he linked his mind reading with external physical stances,he deduced correctly  the thinking of Hinata.
At 13:29 minutes,Neji even claimed that he can clearly read Hinata's mind.
Is Neji truly reading her mind or is he just logically deducing it?
After that episode,I have never seen any Hyuga reading mind by Byakugan.

Short Answer is: No, Byakugan cannot read anyone's mind. As to the episode that you are referencing, you need to keep few things in mind:
1) Hinata, during the Chunin exams( I think that's what they're called), was very predictible to begin with, and hence any decent ninja would be able to know her next move by looking at her stance.
2) Neji, with his Byakugan, can see Hinata's chakra-flow, and chakra-flow changes depending on the person's physical and mental state.
3) Neji was fighting Hinata, and it is a common tactic to say things to your opponent that will affect their confidence. If you watch the whole fight, once Hinata remembers Naruto and gains confidence, Neji stops bragging about reading her mind.
Also, Byakugan's ability to gain knowledge of person's mental state by reading chakra-flow, is not the same as reading minds because chakra-flow does not indicate anything about one's thoughts.

I do not believe so. while i haven't seen the entire series the 3 Byakugan Users i know of are Neji, Hinata and Hanabi.
On her wiki page Hanabi's Byakugan isn't listed to be able to read minds

While a common trait for her clan, Hanabi's is noted by her father to be very powerful, almost as great as her cousin Neji's. Hanabi herself is also very confident about her Byakugan, claiming that its perception is as good as any fully grown Hyūga's. Toneri Ōtsutsuki described her Byakugan as being "very pure" and specifically targeted her Byakugan in order to awaken the Tenseigan. When activated, it grants her an almost 360° field of vision (except for a small blind spot), x-ray vision, and the ability to see chakra accurate enough to target the chakra pathway system.

Source: Hanabi Hyūga > Abilities > Byakugan
This seems to indicate that Hanabi's Byakugan is just as powerful as Neji's which doesn't list Mind Reading either, however numerous times on the wiki and in the series Neji refers to himself and is refer to by others as a Genius

Neji's skills as a natural genius were evident, even by the Hyūga clan's high standards.

as such I agree Neji is logically deducing what Hinata is thinking. this is backed up by the wiki

Neji, who previously promised to Might Guy that he would not take any actions against Hinata during the exams, encourages Hinata to give up not only the match but also the life of a ninja, citing her meek personality and her lack of talent. His piercing analysis of her brings Hinata to tears, but she is motivated to continue by the encouragement of Naruto Uzumaki.

Source: Neji Hyūga > Part I > Chūnin Exams (3rd Paragraph)

Nah , Byakugan on see the Chakra state of a person and a feeling ,but for your anxiety right now in new Sequal where Boruto can see Chakra and feelings of other person's State with his undeveloped Tensigan , it's a good theory because of Hinata + Naruto Mingling Tensigan was happen to with Boruto and Even Boruto is Unaware of It Currently till Episode 3 , We can see it clearly he asked Hinata about Byakugan but didn't reveal about it .

Is it like Naruto's emotion sensing by SOSP power? @LH+Ash9

Under development in case of Boruto in Manga Ch 11 Sasuke tells Boruto keep an eye on his Hand if something changes report immediately . As for Sensing Power , you can see " The Sage Mode" Trolls are flooded with internet. More like a Virus + Kekki Genkai = " Evolved Tensigan ".

Yes. Neji uses it to read Hinata's feelings, just as Kaguya does with her sons. Although Naruto is notorious for being a series with inconsistent, oft-discarded lore.


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What is the name of the song that plays at 12:40 in Noragami Aragoto episode 7?
Really want to know the name of this accoustic guitar song. I've searched it at YouTube to no avail.
Thanks in advance!

Noragami Aragoto soundtrack "Noragami no Oto 2", disc 2, track #6 "Tasogare".
Here is a 20-second extract from the beginning of the piece: https://clyp.it/oz5kfpym.

This is exactly it! Thank you so much for the answer. Hionestly I didn't expect it. Thank you again!


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Why is this panda chasing XP-tan?
I've had this image of XP-tan's final days for a while (it's a tall image thus the link). after XP-tan sees 98-tan being taken away bellow that there is a frame of XP-Tan being chased by a panda.
What is this references supposed to be? why is XP-tan being harassed by a panda?

I vote for migration to Super User ;)

I think the panda is an icon of "Fujacks" and used as a symbol of computer virus in this image.
(She is suffered from a wide variety of viruses.)
It is a virus software which changes desktop icons to pandas or golden pigs.
See also page 5 of Symantec's report.


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What are the differences between Studio Ghibli's film adaptation and the original manga of "From Up On Poppy Hill"?
I could only find a one line synopsis of the manga on Wikipedia's entry on From Up On Poppy Hill:

The main character, Umi Komatsuzaki, is a high school girl who has to grow up quickly when her father goes missing.

I would like a more comprehensive list of differences than this:

The manga is set in the late 1960s in Yokohama, Japan; the Ghibli film is set in 1963.

In the extras of the blu-ray version of From Up On Poppy Hill, Gorou Miyazaki talks about the differences between the manga and the animated film adaptation.

As mentioned by OP himself, the Blu-Ray version has some extras [1][2], including Goro Miyazaki, the director, talks about the differences between the manga and the movie.

Director Goro Miyazaki on Yokohama – (15 mins) Miyazaki talks about making From Up on Poppy Hill a period film and the differences between the manga and the animated film adaptation.
Director Goro Miyazaki on Yokohama (18 min.; HD): From Up on Poppy Hill's director speaks about shifting the original manga's setting to 1963 Yokohama, striking a balance between authenticity and properly cinematic visuals, the history and geography of Yokohama, and even a few notes about ideas that didn't make it into the finished film. This is a conversation that would benefit from some tightening in the editing room but is still well worth taking the time to watch.

But for the starter, Japanese Wikipedia lists some of the major differences:

The movie followed the original manga's theme and setting for main characters, but the plot and story presentation were greatly modified, making it an original work.

The introduction of "Quartier Latin", the high school's newspaper club's clubhouse as the original material in the movie. Shun and Shirou were trying hard to protect their clubhouse which had been planned to be demolished. Umi, trying to tell the goodness of the clubhouse to the students, proposed a clean-up and become close to Shun through it. The movie's storyline was largely constructed around this "building conservation" act.
The timeline in the movie is around May-June 1963. To prevent extending the school year, Shun was placed in 3rd year from the beginning, Umi's 2nd year, and Sora's 1st year.
The school uniform was changed from blazer to sailor suit.
The main character's surname was changed from Komatsuzaki to Matsuzaki.
The lodger Kitami Hokuto's name was changed to Miki Hokuto, the gender from man to woman, and the profession from veterinarian to doctor.
The main character's mother Nijie Komatsuzaki's name was changed to Ryoko Matsuzaki, the profession from cameraman to college's associate professor (English literature).
The setting about mahjong gambling was cut.
Regarding the suspicion about the birth, it's revealed that the photo of father that Umi shown is the same as the photo that Shun had.
Umi's grandfather, Shimatarou is no longer alive, and many characters in the manga didn't appear.

There's also a reviewer who also mentioned the differences on here: Sgt. Tanuki's Lonely Hearts Club Blog - Kokurikozaka kara (manga version), but I decided not to include it. Also, some of the information might be different from English Wikipedia article on the movie, but since I haven't watched the movie, I don't know which one is true... unless I had mistranslations somewhere.

9 years late, but if anyone such as myself is still wondering about this, Japanese sites have far more information on the matter. This article explains the differences in detail. If you have a translate function in your browser, give it a read.
What I took away is that the manga version is really just a silly and shallow shoujo manga with no real story. In the manga, they are brother and sister? I don't know why, but I assume it's just a trope thrown in there as it was popular at the time. Whereas the movie has turned it into a plot twist and detailed storyline.
The characters and their personalities, and basically everything, are completely different. No offence to the original work; as I understand it, it was just a simple manga strip. It makes you appreciate the movie more; they really did a good job at making it a meaningful and deep story, even if the sibling thing was weird and unconvincing.

Welcome to Anime.SE! Link-only answers are frowned upon here, as if the linked article ever changes or becomes unavailable, your answer will become useless. Would you mind [edit]ing your answer to summarise the content of the linked article in more detail?


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Who's this person in the middle of the auditorium supposed to be?
During the teacher's monologue (s01e04 @13:30) about how sometimes it's better to not say anything (or to say less), this scene is shows which doesn't look like the class usually looks, and I'm fairly certain this is supposed to be a reference to another anime or manga, where a character with hair brighter than black appears just above the blonde girl in the middle:

Something tells me that classroom/auditorium should be familiar to someone who watched this anime/manga. What is this a reference to?

It looks like it might be a reference to Negima?!, the Shaft version of Negima. It had a classroom like that and several of the characters resemble the Negima characters. When I have time I'll compile an answer with pictures.

@Torisuda Was there something one of the characters weren't supposed to say?

I don't think the dialogue is a direct reference; at least, I don't remember a scene in Negima?! like that, and it definitely sounds more like a Zetsubou sensei thing based on what I've read of the manga. But I can definitely identify many of the characters in that scene with a Negima character, and that combined with the unusual classroom design and them both being by Shaft makes me think it's not a coincidence.

I believe this scene is a parody of Negima!?, the Shaft reboot of the Negima anime, which I like to refer to as Pani Poni Negi due to its strong stylistic resemblance to Shaft's Pani Poni Dash. (Plus, when you're speaking, it's really hard to distinguish Negima from Negima!?.)
This is a classroom shot from Negima!?

The characters in the shot from Zetsubou-sensei also resemble the characters from Negima!?. In the shot above from Negima!?, the characters aren't all sitting at their usual positions, but of the ones who are, several appear to be in the same position in the Zetsubou-sensei shot. Starting from the top left in the Zetsubou-sensei shot and and going left to right, top to bottom, we seem to have:

?
Yuuna Akashi; we can see her trademark side ponytail
?
Yue Ayase; her high forehead, small ahoge, and the two braids stand out.
Haruna Saotome; she has long hair with two small antennae
? (Could be Zazie Rainday in glasses)
Satomi Hakase; she has two thin braids.
Ku Fei; she has two spiky twin tails.
Probably Konoka Konoe; she has long dark hair like this character, and as in the Negima!? pic, she's seated next to:
Asuna Kagurazaka, who has long, thin twin tails tied with bells. The character in the Zetsubou-sensei shot seems to have two little buds on her head, though it's too far away to see if they're bells.
Misa Kakizaki; the bangs are similar and she's in the same position as she is in the Negima!? pic.
? Based on the Negima pic, probably Mana Tatsumiya.
The Negima!? pic shows Chizuru Naba in this position, but the Zetsubou-sensei character doesn't really resemble her.
? I can't identify the character in the Negima!? pic either.
Misora Kasuga, who has a short, spiky buzz cut.
Chao Lingshen, who has buns and braids.
Fuka Narutaki, although the character in the Zetsubou-sensei pic seems to have glasses. But she shares Fuka's pointy twin tails.
Akira Okouchi, who has a long black ponytail.
Madoka Kugimiya, who has short hair and stylish angle-cut bangs.
Setsuna Sakurazaki, who has a spiky ponytail and straight bangs. It's hard to tell who's sitting there in the Negima!? pic since they're turned to the side, but it's pretty clear in the Zetsubou-sensei pic.
Nodoka Miyazaki, who has short hair and long bangs and sits in the same position in the Negima!? pic.
Ako Izumi. In the Negima!? anime she had bluish-grey hair like we see in the Zetsubou-sensei pic, although in the manga and other anime she had purple hair. She's the one on the right in this picture from my rather large collection of screenshots that I obsessively gathered for some reason when I was watching Negima!?:

This is the character you were asking about in particular. According to the sound effects (ira ira) she's angry, and I can't really say why. My only guess is that it's a reference to the Negima manga; in the manga, Ako confesses her love to Negi when he's magically aged up to 16 and later suffers heartbreak when she finds out who he really is, so maybe she's offended that Nozomu is implying that she shouldn't have said anything. That's kind of a stretch, though.
Kaede Nagase, who has a distinctive pyramid cut.
The short-haired Natsumi Murakami.
? The Negima!? pic shows Makie Sasaki but the character in the Zetsubou-sensei shot doesn't look anything like her. She does somewhat resemble bit character Kokone from the Negima manga, though.
A much taller version of Fumika Narutaki; she retains the trademark buns.
Sakurako Shiina, who has spiky twin tails and appears at this position in the Negima!? shot.
Ayaka Yukihiro, whose long blonde locks are unmistakable, and who appears in the same position in the Negima!? pic.
Kazumi Asakura, who has a spiky ponytail similar to Setsuna.
Sayo Aisaka, who has long hair.

The only Negima characters who aren't accounted for are Evangeline, Chachamaru, and Chizuru, and none of the mystery characters really resemble them, but otherwise it's a pretty striking match. Plus, we know that Shaft has done this before.


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Who are these two students in the back of Itoshiki's class?
In Sayonara Zetsubou Sensei s01e01 @17:37 there are these two peculiar students in the back right with a different art style and dark blue hair which stands out from everybody else:

Are they anyone special from another work by one of the staff, or is it a cameo from an unrelated title?

They are extras that were used in the Pani Poni Dash series, the series that Shaft worked on before the Zetsubou Sensei series. The director Shinbou is known for throwing in references and parodies of previous works.


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Does the new Dragon Ball Super opening proves that Gohan is going to recover his mystic form?
In the new Dragon Ball Super opening (you can see it here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FN57gmQlmLU)
it's seen Gohan raising his ki in base form and sparking electricity. Is this proof that he recovered his mystic form or can a saiyan or any other race (human, namekian, etc) spark electricity when raising his ki in base form?

The sparks are nothing but ki (check DBWikia for Ki). So theoretically anyone can achieve it by having an excess of ki. Proof for mystic form? Nothing can be said for now. It's just wait and watch.

why you dont post your comment as answer?

The opening is just a sneak peak for the arc, we don't really know what is what. But there is always a twist in every arc.

@Pablo I thought the same thing that Ero Sennin-senpai thought. But honestly I think it's best to wait until the Universal tournament arc drops. If Gohan fights in it we should be able to tell. But given that Gohan became a super saiyan twice in the filler right now I'd assume no. But I don't think there is enough proof yet to provide a credible answer to your question.

@Pablo Thanks for the offer. But I prefer to post answers that contain full explanations using factual evidence. I might post when it has been disclosed in the series :)

btw, talking about predictions, this guy predicted the super saiyan blue kaioken a year ealier. That was an amazing prediction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSMY3mAea3U

Ok, in episode 88 of Dragon Ball Super he recovers his mystic form, and now is clear the opening was meant to show that. (spoilers behind)

 By training with Piccolo, Gohan first recovers his SSJ2 form which we havent seen him using it since the early Buu Saga in Dragon Ball Z. Piccolo is a match for him in SSJ and later in SSJ2, (Piccolo is even stronger than Gohan SSJ2) and later Gohan recovers his mystic form and gets stronger than Piccolo who ends with one of his arm cut by 2 by Gohan

I think it indeed is a form that he is coming up with. It may not be a proof of he getting back to his Mystique form, however it sure looks similar to what happened before Goku and Vegeta went Blue for the first time.
I have personally watched that part of the opening quite a few times. Mystique or now, but it sure is a new form.


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Can 2 different species do a dance fusion and work?
In episode 88th of Dragon Ball Super, in one subtitled version

 Gohan asks Piccoro why dont they try a technique of fusion together. Note: this could be a bad translation because in another subtitled version he doesnt say exactly the same

So my question is , can 2 different species in Dragon Ball do a fusion dance and work? We know a fusion between 2 different people can work with the Potara earrings (for example a supreme kai and a witch) but what about fusion with the fusion dance? will something like that work?

Simple answer is : it depends.
In the manga, it was stated that there are certain requirements to the Fusion Dance as opposed to the Potara Earring fusion, such as the mergers need to have equal power and roughly similar height, but in recent interview, Akira Toriyama said that it is possible to merge no matter the conditions, as long as it all goes well and it is even possible for a larger number of people to merge.
Source : http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Fusion


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How do the various Yurikuma Arashi adaptations relate to each other?
Since I liked Revolutionary Girl Utena and Mawaru Penguindrum, I'd like to watch the Yuri Kuma Arashi anime, particularly since it's spawned some interesting questions on this site.
Now, Wikipedia tells me that there is a manga, an anime series, and a light novel, which MyAnimeList give nearly identical summaries for (1, 2, 3). The Wikipedia description suggests that the announcement was first for an anime series, but the manga is ongoing and started first, whereas the anime is already done with. Moreover, the Wikipedia character lists suggests that the manga occasionally differs from anime characterization.
How do the various adaptations of Yurikuma Arashi relate?

Can I just assume that the "original" medium was the anime?
Is the manga simply an adaptation, or is it the "original" work?
The light novel and manga are listed as "alternative versions" on MAL. Are there any major content differences? (Is there anything comparable the differences between the two Fullmetal Alchemist continuities, or maybe even just the differences I've heard of between the various adaptations of the basic content of Revolutionary Girl Utena?)

The manga is like telling a different story with the same characters. I don't find any similarity to the anime in the first three chapter of the manga. That's how different they are.

Just to verify, when you mean relate to each other do you mean plot wise? (ie. is the Anime based off the Manga or vice versa. is the Light Novel the same or a different story)

@Memor-X yep, that was the main thing I was interested in.

Update: I finished the manga recently, and I couldn't make sense of either detailed questions on this site or derivative fanart or the such that I stumbled upon. I think I can also say with confidence that the summary on MAL doesn't match with what I read. I may write a fuller, partial answer if I ever get to the anime adaptation; I don't think I'll ever get to the LN.

This is a bit complicated. kumagoro's answer explained the background of this confusion about "independent writing".

Can I just assume that the "original" medium was the anime?

Yes, both English & Japanese Wikipedia introduced the article as "TV anime".
On 23 March 2013, during a closed-talk event about Revolutionary Girl Utena, Kunihiko Ikuhara shown a short PV for the new anime project, which would be revealed as Yuri Kuma Arashi (ANN, excite News (Japanese)). It's before the first chapter of the manga was published on 28 February 2014 (ANN).

Is the manga simply an adaptation, or is it the "original" work?

It's an "original" work.
Akiko Morishima, who was in charge in character design and artist for the manga, was also entrusted by Ikuhara in writing the story. This is because Ikuhara's scenario was too difficult to be realized. Because of that, the setting and story progression for the anime are different from the manga, but some of the manga's content were used as inspiration for the anime. (Akiko's blog (Japanese), Gigazine (Japanese))

The light novel and manga are listed as "alternative versions" on MAL. Are there any major content differences?

The light novel is an adaptation of the anime, thus it has same storyline. The manga, as stated before, is original.
Since the story diverges, the character's backgrounds and some of the settings were also modified (example: in anime, Arashigaoka Academy is girls' school, while in manga it's co-ed).

Some of the references were taken from Japanese Wikipedia

The "original" author of these anime is a group rather than a single person.
When Kunihiko Ikuhara created Revolutionary Girl Utena, he created the group named Be-Papas and discussed the main story with the group.
The other group members are Chiho Saito who is a manga writer and Youji Enokido who is a story writer.
Ikuhara created the anime version of Utena, and at the same time Saito wrote the manga version of Utena.
They discussed the main story of Utena, but they created the different works independently and the details of each story were different.
Both anime and manga were original works; neither is an adaptation of something.
Ikuhara did same thing for Mawaru Penguindrum and Yuri Kuma Arashi.
The group members are different, but they created main story as a group
and created the manga and anime versions separately.
By creating as a group, they can create a better story. They can also release anime, manga and novel versions at same time; this will lead to better sales by a synergy effect.
Ikuhara is not only person who use group system.
An old robot anime Patlabor was created by the group Head Gear.
For newer example, Madoka Magica was created by the group Magica Quartet.

Maybe i am missing something but please keep in mind the Question is asking about how the different adaptations of Yurikuma Arashi relate to each other which i am seeing very little of.


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Hidan's Chakra Element
This question in simple: the only jutsus Hidan performs are related to Jashin. But this does not specify his chakra element.

What is Hidan's chakra nature?

religion ≠ chakra. Jashinism > elemental chakra + yin-yang. Kappa

Okay here's the deal! Though his elemental chakra nature is unspecified ....since he uses a spiritual jutsu we can say that his chakra nature or more specifically his jutsu nature is "yin release" ..... (Like that of shadow bind of nara clan)
Update: It is not only yin but also "yang release" cause he share his physical damage too ... so it might be a "Yin-Yang release"

Its a plausible answer, but without relevant sources its hypothetical only. Suporting sources from Anime/Manga, quotes from Author etc. may help make it better.

Sorry I couldn't find any such acclaim or quote about this so I used the concept of Yin-Yang release

Indeed, it was never given an explanation, but we do know that all non elemental jutsu are Yin, Yang, or Yin-Yang, though Yin-Yang is unlikely. Its probably rather a combination of multiple Jutsu of Yin or Yang, or a complex application of just one of them. Yin-Yang techniques all boil down to truth seeking ball related, or the Creation of all things. Hidans jutsu is clearly neither.

@Ryan You are right about yin-yang release but.....Since Hidan's jutsu first links his physical body with the victim through his jasin mark. So just like nara clan connect their shadow with their victim's shadow and manipulate them. We can say that Hidan can connect an invisible shadow i.e something governed by his imagination rather than physical object( something yin release does) and with that shadow he can share his physical damage (something yang release does)
so we can say that it's both? Don't u agree?

Though it is not mentioned in any of the manga, my best guess is that he has a water nature (or at least has a water nature) since he is a former ninja of Yugakure, the Village Hidden in Boiling Water.


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When and How did Luffy get the Scar under his eye?
Luffy has a pretty prominent scar under his Eye.
Its been a long time since I started watching One Piece, and I seem to recall that he stabbed himself to have Shanks take him onboard as a pirate. Recently, though I started rewatching the series (Oh... The nostalgia!!) but there was no such scene in the flashback.
When and how did he get the scar under his eye?

He did get it the way you described. In Chapter One of the Manga he stab himself with a dagger in the eye to prove himself.

It's the same story in the anime. Although as noted in the comments from Bálint its missing from every anime series except in the TV special titled "Episode of Luffy"

Thank you for this image from the Manga.


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How Julius tarnished his career after fighting Subaru?
I didn't get how Julius tarnished his career. Also it was not mentioned how he went out of his way to save Subaru?

Julius challenged Subaru, someone who is clearly below his rank, then during the fight he practically started bullying Subaru, who was obviously greatly inferior to him regarding fighting abilities.
Julius is a knight, meaning he should live by the Knights Code of Chivalry, but his actions mentioned above are clearly violating it.
The duel had a lot of witnesses, so these events ruined the public view about him while leaving a stain on his whole knighthood for a really long time.


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Can Naruto use Wood Style?
After the Great Ninja War, Naruto's right arm was replaced by an artificial arm made up of Hashirama Senju's cells. To perform Wood Style, user requires a vast amount of chakra and Naruto can easily manage that.

Wood style has more than just chakra requirements. Its a Kekkei Genkai of chakra natures, which means that it requires an affinity for multiple elements, something which only a fraction of Shinobi have, and Naruto does not. Also, you may want to expand on the reasoning for including the artificial arm in the question here. As it stands, it looks like some random fact unrelated to the question, but considering how much I know about the Naruto series, it isn't or at least shouldn't seem so.

Wood Style requires water and earth affinity as it's a combination of these, while Naruto has wind affinity.
Using Combined Styles also requires Kekkei Genkai, which Naruto doesn't have.
So unless the author comes up with something in the future (like somehow forming his own chakra into the one he received from Hagoromo or into the chakras he received from the tailed beasts) Naruto is highly unlikely to be able to use Wood Style.

Who said Naruto has only wind chakra. That's only his natural nature affinity. In addition, he can use the other 4 nature affinities plus Lava, Magnet, Boil, Yin, Yang and Yin-Yang affinities. http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Naruto_Uzumaki#Part%20I

Mastering a chakra type the user doesn't have affinity with requires a great amount of time and effort. Naruto is too young to have mastered two.

I couldn't edit so I'll continue:
Naruto is too young to have mastered two chakra types he doesn't have affinity with. (We know ha has some knowledge in earth, but that's it) || He can't use the chakra types you mentioned by himselh, rather he WAS able to use them when he had the tailed beasts' and Hagoromo's chakra. || Added some info to my answer about Kekkei Genkai

@SahanDeSilva Wood style is created not by using earth and water together, but by having an affinity for them, which allows you to use them together. Naruto does not have that affinity. The theory is that Naruto could do the same thing he does to create tailed beast chakra, but through the fake Hashirama arm. In theory, doing so, he could create wood style chakra, and control it. This has been shown to work in the past via Danzo, whos arm turned into a tree when he lost control of Hashiramas cells. So its all in theory that its possible, but I agree with Gorzius in that its unlikely he has.

Guys. All i said was that Naruto has more than Wind nature affinity. I never argued that he could / couldn't master wood style. :)

Given that Naruto has access to Six Paths Sage Mode - a power that gives him instantaneous mastery over the five basic Changes in Chaka Nature + that of Yin-Yang Release, is a reincarnation of Indra Otsutsuki - a power that grants him access to his ultimate form, Asura Kurama Mode, as well gained the affinity of the remaining tailed beasts and was thusly able to master Lava, Boil, and Magnet Release, as seen in Sage Art: Super Tailed Beast Rasenshuriken, I see no reason why Naruto - now also in procession of an arm grafted from cells of the First Hokage, Hashirama Senju, who, despite not being a member of the Otsutsuki clan, mastered Wood Release - should (in theory), be able to use Wood Style were he to meditate on the earth- and water-based nature combination Kekki Genkai using the Six Paths' power.

Implanting Hashirama's cells do not immediately mean you can use Wood Release. Remember Orochimaru's experiment? Only Yamato was the successful one out of many candidates. There's a possibility he can but there's also a possibility he cannot.

naruto is a reincarnation of asura otsutsuki not indra

I would like to believe that he can. There are a few evidences that show this.
 SPOILER ALERT
After gaining Sage of Six Paths powers he was show to be able to use several kekkai genkai including magnet release, and lava release. While fighting white zetsu his Kyubi cloak the defeated zetsus where turned into a cloak with the 9 tails chakra. During the fight with Pain, after Naruto became enraged and released the 4 tailed cloak, we can see naruto raise a large forest of roots from the ground similar to the Deep Forest Emergence used by Hashirama

Sources? Chapters? Episode numbers? Possibly screenshots? Because I could not remember Naruto ever using wood style. Just because he unlocked the other kekkai genkai doesn't mean he can automatically use Wood release.


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Does Dio or Jotaro have to verbally stop time in order to stop time?
In some instances seen in the anime, Jotaro and Dio, stand users who both can stop time can stop time without having to verbally stop time, such as when Jotaro fights Josuke and stops time after Josuke's stand breaks his stand's guard and yet some other times they are seen having to verbally say it in order to stop time, like when Dio attempts to stop time but fails since Jotaro managaes to get his heart working again quick enough.
Does Dio or Jotaro have to verbally stop time in order to stop time?

Well, as you say they are both seen doing it without verbal cues. It's definitely クール when they shout it though.

No, the two of them

three if you count Diego from another universe

don't have to say "The World" whenever they want to stop time.
You can find the reason why they said "The World" to stop time on this question:
What is the purpose of characters shouting out the name of their attack?
From the answer section, it's stated that,

It's a tradition where it was intended for young audiences to yell the
attack names with the character. The tradition began with Mazinger Z,
which is considered the first Super Robot anime. The producers of the
show felt that if the main character, Kouji Kabuto, shouted out the
attack names each time the mecha did them, then it would give the
target viewers, who were aged around 3 to 10 at the time, the ability
to literally join along in the fun.
The logic behind this is if the kids were to directly interact with a
show they already liked, then they'd like it even more and would stick
with the show in the long run. Needless to say, the strategy worked,
and literally all other mecha anime in the '70s (sans First Gundam in
late, late '79) copied the trend.
Thus, the tradition was born and still anime shows, regardless of
whether they are mecha themed or not, use it, regardless of their
target audience.

From the user's answer, it's stated

Also, It seems that it was also done to make the shows feel more
intense. Something about the characters yelling their attacks just
makes the action better.

From what you said

when Dio attempts to stop time but fails since Jotaro manages to get
his heart working again quick enough.

The reason why JoJo could reach Dio's head even though Dio had verbally said "The World" to stop the time is that JoJo had a new ability to stop time at that time, but not that much, just about milliseconds. To prove that, these are some clips where JoJo tried to move when Dio stop the time.

0:10
2:22

Here are some examples to prove that Dio/Jotaro didn't have to say "The World" to stop time
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders

When Polnareff attacks Dio with Silver Chariot at 0:58
When Polnareff met Dio for the first time at 1:39
When Hol Horse tried to kill Dio at 3:44
When the Stardust Crusaders tried to open Dio's coffin at 0:21
Chase scene where Dio tries to beat up Joseph 0:22
Scene 1 0:23
Scene 2 0:51

JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond Is Unbreakable

Jotaro vs Josuke 4:17
Jotaro vs Rat 1 2:35
Jotaro vs Rat 2 3:25


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How is RNJR a color
When Ren and Nora are arguing about what their new team name should be Nora wants it to be JNRR (Junior) but Ren's like but that's not a color so how is RNJR (ranger) any better?

According to the RNJR team wiki, Ren says the team name should be RNJR because Ranger is actually a shade of green

As per the Color Naming Rule, the color that RNJR brings up is a shade of green called ranger green.


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Which types of eclipses are there?
During Aphorism several different types of eclipses happen, which to the characters seems to be the most common thing in the world.
Thanks to that explanation of the types of eclipses seems to lack somewhat.
So which types of eclipses exist?

In chapter 73 there was a translator reminding readers that there was a page in chapter 44, speaking in detail about the different types of eclipses/blights. Reading this chapter again

Normal Types

Banquet for example. They are simple blights, which can be resolved by a single student. These blights are also canceled if it rains.

Fixed Types

Obon for example. They only occur on special days, such as Obon or the first day of school. These blights are also canceled if it rains.

Separation Types

Dragon for example. Separation type events occur only when the student body becomes divisible by 3. If a group fails to complete the given task, they perish. These blights are also canceled if it rains.

Special Types

Kingdom for example. Special types last several days, and get stronger each day. It won't stop till it's completed, or the student body is completely obliterated. This event won't be affected by rain.


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What made Sakuya decide to switch sides?
In Rewrite, Sakuya, Chihaya's butler, is nothing but antagonistic towards the protagonist Kotarou from the moment they first meet. He calls him insulting names and is generally just a bit of an asshole. It later turns out that both he and Chihaya are working for Gaia, the eco-terrorist group who want to destroy all human life

 (and who ultimately succeed in the final episode of Season 1).

Then, around Episode 8 or so, he randomly shows up in the magic forest and saves Kotarou's life. He announces he's now working with Kotarou and friends against Gaia, offers to train Kotarou, and becomes considerably less antagonistic towards him. Absolutely no explanation is given for this, and to me it seemed to come completely out of left-field.
What prompted Sakuya to change sides like that so suddenly? I think Chihaya may have already defected by this point, but surely that can't be the only reason?

I don't remember what exactly happen in anime, so I will talk about Sakuya in VN.

 Sakuya's loyalty lies completely with Chihaya. And Chihaya is not that loyal to Gaia. In her VN she gives up on Gaia few times. And Sakuya always follows.
 And while Sakuya does insult Kotarou, it is mostly playful messing around. He never really endangers him. He is basically trolling him, because he knows he gets reaction out of him.

Why Sakuya doesn't like Kotarou is explained in the VN:

 Sakuya is same as Kotarou, having the Rewrite ability. And like Kotarou, he abused it to the point he lost his humanity and became a familiar. And he simply sees himself in him and doesn't like to be reminded of his past. But when situation gets serious enough, he puts all joking aside and begins treating Kotarou properly.

tl;dr; Read the VN. The anime is terrible, TERRIBLE, adaptation.

Oh, I already knew that the adaptation was terrible, that's why I never bothered with Season 2  I think this answers the question nicely enough, thanks for clearing this up for me!


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Origin of Black Saints Clothes
I wonder if there is any explanation in the anime or manga about the origin of the Black Phoenix Army and Black Saints clothes, since they are not constellations (as far as I know).

The origin of the Black Saints (暗黒聖闘士) was revealed in the data book Saint Seiya Cosmo Special published in 1988 (and re-edited in 2001), but it's canonicity is debatable. While it was aproved by Kurumada himself at some point, it wasn't directly written by him, and was published during the middle of the Poseidon arc weekly release, so there's plenty of later retconning that has some contradictions to what's shown on this data book. I don't think there's a full translation of said databook, but there's quite a few summaries around the internet, the one I'll be taking most info from is this one, while the introduction is only in Spanish, the actual content of the summaries are mostly both in Spanish and English, though there are some pieces that are exclusively on Spanish.
Around the time the Gigantomachia took place, the Continent of Mu (where the Saints Cloths were made) sank to the depths of the Pacific Ocean, with it, the knowledge of the crafting techniques along with the lives of the alchemists that created the Cloths were lost. But circa 1500 AD, an island was discovered by alchemists rebel to the Sanctuary that was apparently what remained of the Continent of Mu and was called Death Queen Island, there they started working on creating new Cloths, but since the knowledge was lost by the ages they could only craft imitations of existing ones, the most copied one being the Phoenix Cloth, the only real Sacred Cloth that still remained on that island and the strongest Bronze Cloth ever made. While their power could not compare to the originals, they were still powerful enough to be a worrying issue to the Sanctuary, especially since the warriors that claimed them were not Saints, but the warriors who were denied Saint status for they only gained a superficial understanding of the Cosmo and rebelled against the Sanctuary. As such, the island was sealed by the Sanctuary, and a keeper sent to guard the island and supress the Black Saints. By the time of the original Saint Seiya series, this keeper was Guilty, Ikki's master and Esmeralda's foster father. When Ikki killed him and broke his mask, the seal was broken and the Black Saints released


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Why does Naruto's headband change color?
In Naruto Part 1, Naruto's headband was blue. In Naruto Shippuden, his headband was black. In one of the movies, it was red. A shinobi's headband symbolized who you are loyal to, so is there any significance to the headband's color, and if not, why was it repeatedly changed?

Which movie was it red in?

As Kuwaly state, there does not appear to be any significance in the color of their Headband's strap. The most common of all colors are either the blue or black

Navy Blue: The most common colour of forehead protectors. Many ninja keep this colour for the entirety of their ninja career.
Black: The second most common colour of forehead protectors. Some, such as Naruto Uzumaki, even switch from blue to black after the timeskip

Now the reason to why they change colors can be due to either

They do need to be replaced from time to time, especially after difficult training
They simply out grown of them, and want to change the color

In Shippuden episode 6, when Naruto is talking with Iruka over ramen, Naruto says to Iruka

The cloth on the precious Headband you gave me got all tattered

So given that information, Naruto changed his headband due to the fact that it was simply torn and needed to be replaced

Based on this Wikia page, there isn't any particular significance to the colors, though some of the variation is based on location/loyalty. Navy and black seem to just both be common colors. Other characters switched color after the timeskip, such as Sakura and Choji, both of whom switched to red.
Theories on why various characters' cloth color changed include that it's to match their new look or that it's based on rank, but there doesn't seem to have been anything specifically said by the creator (that I can find), and neither of those theories are particularly consistent with the rest of the show. It seems more likely that the changes were just done as a part of the stylistic/look changes post-timeskip.

I guess it's just your preference, though within reason. I doubt you can have a rainbow headband. There is also a white variation, worn by the Four Celestials.

Possibly Naruto’s head band changes to match his new color scheme from navy to black. Ino and Sakura both were training in medical ninjutsu so maybe that’s why it’s red.

Choji wears a red headband in Shippuden and he isn't a medical Ninja


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What is Katakuri's power?

Katakuri is one of the sweet generals in big mom army and the strongest one of them.

we saw him

growing extra limb or moving them like an octopus. At some point he even performed the Elephant Gun move that is a signature move of Luffy with rubber body. He can also predict the future to some degree.

So what is his powers exactly? is he a devil fruit user or this is just some other race in One Piece world?

His power comes from a devil fruit, a "special" type of the paramecia called Mochi Mochi no Mi. Although this fruit is a paramecia type, so far its characteristics have been more inline with the Logia, as the user can become "intangible" to avoid attacks. An example is when Ichiji tried to hit Katakauri

Also worth of nothing is that in the first translations, the fruit type was labeled as Logia but was later changed to a special type of paramecia(i would say because mochi is not a natural element).
Regarding to his ability to predict the future, its just a further developed observation haki. Usually this type of haki was shown to enable the user to perceive what kind of attack the enemy will use, so its a natural extension to be able to predict the movement of your surrounding in the future.
Info about mochi mochi no mi:
http://onepiece.wikia.com/wiki/Mochi_Mochi_no_Mi
Wiki about mochi, if you want to eat some cake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mochi

thanks but if I recall correctly, when luffy was about to burst out of the wedding cake he said he had seen Every possible future and there was no avoiding it. how can he do that with just observation haki?

It meant he had no way of changing what was gonna to happen even if he saw it. He had no way of stop it, even if he foresaw it coming. Even if you know something will happen, like a plane will crash in 10 minutes you cant do anything to stop the crash. Something similar happened there, he knew what is going to happen but he cannot stop it.

Nice answer, even I am amazed about Observation Haki

in the newest chapter, he used elephant gun just like luffy. BUT its more bigger and more powerful. I would say, it's like a rubber, because "mochi" texture is similar wih rubber.

what do you mean by "special"?


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Where does the term "Blutz Waves" first come from?
Trying to determine if this originated with GT, in a manga, an interview or I just missed hearing it in DBZ. As far as I'm aware the only discussion in DBZ and earlier referred to them simply as moon light.

Could you state where did you hear/see this from?

@AkiTanaka sorry, what do you mean "this" ? If "this" means blutz waves I know for sure existed in GT but I wonder if they actually exist in the main series or if it's just plain moon light. http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Blutz_Waves

To add a bit of backstory. Blutz Waves are defined as the following

An energy source emitted by large celestial bodies such as a full-moon or the Earth when it reflects rays of sunlight. They are alternatively called Bruits Rays, Fruits Rays, or Green-spectrum Radiations (in the English manga). When a Saiyan absorbs at least 17,000,000 zenos (ゼノ Zeno, unit used to measure waves of full celestial light) through the retina,[1] a reaction occurs in the tail that causes the Saiyans to transform into ruthless Great Apes. If a moon is not present, the Saiyan, if he/she knows how to use it, can also create an artificial moon to allow themselves to absorb the necessary amount of Blutz Waves needed for them to go Great Ape to compensate.

Note that this concept of B.Waves existed in the manga, of DBZ in the saiyan arc. It was explored a bit heavier in GT and the term Blutz Wave was only used in GT but the concept was introduced as early as Dragon Ball but unexplored.
In Dragon Ball Z Gohan and Goku both had adverse reactions to seeing the attack ball(the ship Goku came to earth on) in the first arc against Raditz. Goku mentioned it felt familiar and Gohan flat out cried on site.
The attack balls used a similar form of the technology to produce artifical moons to trigger the reaction in combat. This is elaborated on further here:

Spaceships used by those under King Cold, Cooler and Frieza for interstellar travel. When the Saiyans were a part of the military, these vehicles also sent low-class Saiyans to distant locations, so that they would one day conquer and destroy worlds throughout the galaxy.

In short the moon simulator was kind of a last ditch defense given that the saiyans they send around flying at Faster than light speed for between 1-3 years are kept in suspended animation. If they were to be attacked immediately after exiting their ship they may have a hard time defending themselves.
The saiyans were also known for sending infants to conquer planets,the moon simulator for the transformation helps to aid that.
In summation
The concept has been around since the original DB and is cannon the concept being that moon light from a full moon makes saiyans transform, the term blutz wave came out of GT and is not cannon but it extends the concept with a term and definition. The story of why the ships had simulation engines to product moonlight/blutz waves is cannon and given that it comes with different details from Vegeta and Bardock. Bardock being a movie character but confirmed as cannon.
Though with super out and more saiyans on the scene. There might be a new term and explanation that comes out making Blutz waves a full on full non-cannon detail.

thx, your summation would've answered my q but the details made it ambiguous again. in the wiki it says "According to the anime, if they are on a planet that lacks a moon, the Attack Ball seems to compensate for this by making a holographic projection..." According to which anime? No citation. Is this one of the specifics of GT? I'm a bit confused on what you're saying about the concept since I'm asking if it is differentiated from plain moonlight. Seems that in the canon, they are never used mechanically, no distinction beyond moonlight and other celestial bodies don't work (Bardock)

note: i'm having a discussion with someone about whether saiyan biology is just reacting to the waves or there is anything supposedly special about those frequencies lol. this is good feedback but i am looking for ability to cite the origin of the concept of blutz waves as anything besides moonlight, whether in either series. had assumed that the origin of the name would be enough but not sure after reading this

The anime is reffering to the DBZ anime, it was mentioned in an episode during the battle with Raditz. In GT it was referrenced that the concept of the moon simulator is what allowed Bulma to product the Blutz Wave Cannon. In terms of the concept, I have editted my answer please check it out. Lastly, the energy is reffered to as moon light because nobody other than Bardock knew that moons aren't the only source of energy, planets and other large celestial entities can generate it as well. This is spoken about but never shown.

ah I see so it was capable of being used mechanically, but it's still a moon simulator rather than a blutz wave simulator until GT, which may be the same thing if canon. cool thx for clarifying that. well maybe vegeta will sprout a tail in the tournament of power and we will find out more haha.

I am hoping for something way more detailed. I am waiting for a new saiyan call her "Zill" for example. To fight with them and use the ssb transformation. Running neck and neck in a 2v1 with Goku and Vegeta she injects in her neck a sort of Blutz Wave extract becoming a Giant Azure Ape that has some crazy awesome name and can transcend space and time.

Like on a serious note the exploration of the blutz wave and the transformation is such a good plot point that is just flat out ignored.

Vegeta mentioned blutz waves in episode 31 of DBZ and created them artificially to transform and fight Goku.


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Why nine tails's power could not help Naruto beat Pain?
I saw that Naruto got very angry and unconscious when Hinata was hit by Pain. This made him lose control and Nine Tails took over. Still Pain looked happy as if he wanted that to happen. Naruto on the other hand has to get back control in order to defeat Pain.

because he hates human being and being ordered around. and not like others monsters, he is stone headed one and full of pride.

Well, it all depends on who is in control and what their objective was.
When Hinata was stabbed in front of Naruto, he became angry and due to his anger, he went out of control. He was in need of power to save Hinata and would have done anything to get it. Which is the very reason why he gave up the control of his body to Kurama.
When Kurama took control of Naruto's body, Kurama was not trying to defeat pain. Rather he was trying to break out of Naruto's body. Which is generally the trend to any tailed beast and Pain knew that. Since the beast will be busy breaking out, capturing the beast would be much easier. Which is why he pushed Naruto to go berserk.
That is why Minato stopping Kurama's seal to be broken at the end and giving him the control of the body back to Naruto was that important. Because by that time Pain had exhausted a large amount of Chakra doing his planetary devastation attack. So it was the ideal time for Naruto to take the counterattack before Pain could regain his complete power.

Simply,  because Rinnegan is powerful and nine tails lacks combat experience and is just most of times good with beast bombs and chakra.
Chakra without mind is useless.


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How does Nami never get hit by her own lightning
Nami clearly has no way of aiming her lightning since all she really does is make a lightning cloud, so how does she never get hit especially since she's always holding a long metal stick.

she occasionally almost got hit by her own lightning, but she has a plot armor. She pretty weak, if she got hit by her own lightning she won't be able to continue fighting

This is largely opinion-based, but the answer is most likely control. Nami is an excellent navigator to begin with, she's used to her own attacks, and she's always careful to let lightning fall exactly where she needs and steer clear of it. After the timeskip, she was even shown to be able to aim where her lightning falls in a few attacks.
In contrast, on a more comical note, she almost did strike herself down with lightning by accident in the Enies Lobby arc due to her weapon being too powerful (And whacked Usopp/Sogeking over the head for it), but she quickly adapted to it.
As for the "metal stick" part, it was never adressed so only speculation can be used, but Usopp most likely designed it so as to not conduct lightning. Making a weapon that can create thunder but keeping it as standard metal would be heavily impractical and dangerous.


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How long does producing a cour take?
I've read through some questions about financing anime and so on, but don't know how long it takes to produce a complete cour of anime. I'm talking writing about 12 to 13 episodes, of a standard-length anime (roughly 20 minutes, nothing like Aiura).
Is there an average time needed to produce a series? Are we talking about months?

Here's one data point: Tamako Market (aired Jan-Mar 2013) began production in 2010. I'll add a source if I can hunt it down again. Conventional wisdom is that modern-era Kyoto Animation has some of the longest production cycles in the industry, so I'd put most anime as having closer to ~1-1.5-years of pre-production. This isn't well-sourced enough to be an answer, though, so hopefully someone can do that.

We are definitely talking about months here, if not year(s).
Lets first take a look at what has to be done to produce a anime to begin with. The image as found washibi's blog will help with that.

Here we can see that there are 4 mayor factors to the production of a anime.

Pre-production (planning)
Script/Scenario writing
in-production
post-production

Pre-Production (1 Week / 2-3 Months)(1)
Pre-Production is usually quite short. It covers obtaining sponsors, planning the costs and who they want to work with, such as the voice actors/artists
Especially bigger studios, whom already have a basic set of people to work with, and money available it will take shorter then for say an upcoming animation studio.
Script/Scenario writing (1-2 days / 1-2 weeks per episode)
Script/scenario planning covers the planning of an episode, here they roughly produce sketches about what scenes should look and feel like, design characters, pick colors, plan dialogues etc.
Often novels or manga are used as a basis for this, reducing the requirements. But for an original anime, or diverging stories the time needed might even go up as far as 1 month per episode, to plan things out in more detail.
The size of the used team is also important to how long this takes in total, as bigger studios will be able to plan several episodes at the same time, as opposed to smaller studios, which will be able to plan 1 or 2 at the time.
In-production (1-2 weeks / episode)
This is the part where all the fancy stuff starts. The process of animation, cleaning rendering and everything relevant to it.
Post-production(+- 1 week / episode)
This is where voice actors start to come in. They will have to record the required audio, add music and sound effects to the scene, and do a final round of editing to clear out some of the left over mistakes.
So a cour takes +- 6 months?
Yep, in the most positive scenario it will take about 6-7 months to create a 'cour' from scratch. And with a bit of bad luck, it can run up to 1~2 years even. Which all depends on the team size, how efficiently they can work together, and how much of the production can be done side by side.

1 week pre-production
2-3 weeks pre-production
+- 12 weeks in-production
+- 12 weeks post-production
thus 27 weeks or ~7 months total


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Why didn't Boruto teleport to the animal world?
In one episode, tired of Konohamaru showing off, Boruto steals the summoning scroll and tries to summon a summoning animal, but it doesn't work since he hasn't signed a summoning contract. However, Jiraiya didn't sign a contract and in a flashback in Naruto Shipppudden, he was teleported to Mount Myoboku. Why wasn't Boruto teleported to an Animal world?

The episode you are referring to when Jiraya was teleported to Mount Myōboku, Tales of a Gutsy Ninja ~Jiraiya Ninja Scroll~ Part 1 is actually a filler episode, so I'm not sure if teleporting to the animal's home after performing the Summoning Technique without a blood contract should be considered canon.

In the anime, it was shown that if a user attempts to summon an animal without first signing a contract, the user will be teleported to the home of the animal they have a natural affinity for

On the other side, nothing happened when Boruto performed the Summoning Technique because, not only did he not have a blood contract, he also did not use the hand signs required to perform a summon

However in Boruto's case, he neither used a blood sacrifice nor did the necessary hand seals.

Without the hand signs or blood sacrifice, Boruto just kind of slapped his hand on the ground.

what about when Naruto went to mount Myoboku?

@Henjin Naruto signed a blood contract when training with Jiraiya in the original series. Him being teleport to Mount Myoboku and then back to Konoha was through Reverse Summoning Justu. If they have a summoning contract, they can let the toad use the Reverse Summoning Technique


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Is this picture migate no gokui with kaioken?
Some months ago appeared an official preview picture of Goku's new form. It looked just like migate no gokui, but not only with grey aura but also red. Is this picture Goku using migate no gokui with kaioken on top of it?

The form seen in the picture is called "Ultra Instinct" in English which indeed is Migatte no Gokui, something that even the gods have difficulty with to attain. This was shown in the last episode of DBS (episode 110).
Based on what I read in the wiki (link below) and what Whis said during the episode, it is when your body responds without your brain having to progress the impulse. This is a state of the body which isnt based on ki. That's why they detected no ki during the fight. Going by that logic it is possible to attain this state while maintaining a SS form, or maybe even a SSG form. It is possible that Goku used Kaioken in the picture since his aura is indeed red. His hair style also seems to be from a non SS form, otherwise I'd suggest that it could also be the SSG form.
So based on the aura color the only option left is Kaioken in combination with Ultra Instinct.
Wiki source: http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Ultra_Instinct_%22Omen%22


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What did Vegeta mean with "be careful Kakaroto, that could be the super saiyajin true form!"?
In Dragon Ball Super episode 100, (spoiler)

 After Kale transformed in green super saiyajin "berserker", Vegeta says to Goku: "be careful Kakaroto, that could be the super saiyajin true form!"

What did he mean with this? was he refering to

 the legendary super saiyajin?

or was he talking about something else?

I just thought that he was referring to her actual fighting form instead of her base, but I could be mistaken.

He was referring to the legendary super saiyan form. It is the Legendary Super Saiyan form that Broly basically used, but I thought he wasn't canon so I am not really sure how Vegeta can refer to the form Broly used. However he probably as the Saiyan prince posses more knowledge than others when it came to being a super saiyan. By calling it the true form he most likely verbally meant to the form giving an infinite amount of stamina. The form Kale used was Berserker Super Saiyan though.
Legendary Super Saiyan: http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Legendary_Super_Saiyan
Berserker/Uncontrollable Super Saiyan: http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Berserker_Super_Saiyan


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Why are child pilots used in the first place?
About midway through Evangelion: 2.0 You Can (Not) Advance, Kaji notes that the dummy plug system being introduced is considered more humane than the use of children, after Misato tells him that she distrusts it. But this raises the question: why are children even used as EVA pilots in the first place?
Obviously, from a storytelling perspective, the use of children probably better allows for some of the ideas in the series, such as Asuka and Shinji's parental issues, to be developed. But I do not remember seeing any official, in-universe explanation for this.

The answer would be a spoiler. The new quadrilogy isn't complete yet and the final movie might diverge from the plot of the original series. You can find your answer on Evageeks wiki, but I'd recommend watching the original series instead for a natural reveal.

related https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/5286/what-characterizes-an-eva-pilot?rq=1

The Mother-Child Bond
Within the universe Shinji and Asuka both have "souls" or some meaningful part of their mother inside the Evangelion, presumably in the Core. This is pretty obvious in Shinji's case:

Episode 1, Unit-01 moving by itself to protect Shinji, something Ritsuko immediately notes should have been impossible
Episode 16, While trapped in the Sea of Dirac, Shinji manages to (whether he realizes completely or not) make contact with his mother right before the Eva goes bonkers and breaks out of the Angel
Episode 21, Flashback: Yui, while at Gehirn, takes part in a contact experiment with a then partly constructed portion of an Eva and disappears inside it.
At the end of End of Evangelion, Unit-01 is floating out into space as Yui talks about the loneliness of existing forever.

Among other little hints here and there. In Kyoko's case, Asuka's mother is less explicit but we see the same sort of things:

Episode 22, Flashback: Kyoko undergoes a similar Contact Experiment as Yui, she doesn't get absorbed but's clearly crazy and commits suicide
Near the beginning of End of Evangelion, Asuka is in Eva Unit-02 at the bottom of the lake, has a similar little discovery as Shinji from Episode 16, except this time Asuka is well aware that her mother was in the Eva

Toji and Rei: they're not so explicit. Rei is a special case because she's in some sense an Angel. With Toji, there's some possible indications that his mother, who has been dead since at least the beginning of the TV series, had some connection. The entire class had family that worked for Nerv.
Other than any sort of in-universe explanation, the idea of the mother-child bond actually came from Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, the author of the original Evangelion Manga. From the Deluxe version of "Der Mond" a Sadamoto artbook that contains a lot of Evangelion related work, there's an interview:

When the very first meeting was held before the title had even been decided, Anno had already provided the theme of "a battle between gods and humans". Both Anno and I -- our generation -- was influenced by Go Nagai, so making something on a grand scale meant it ended up like "Devilman". The character design request from Anno was that "the lead character is a girl, and has an older-sister type figure like Coach next to her," so it was structurally similar to "Gunbuster". So I first designed an Asuka-type girl as the lead character, but after "Gunbuster" and "Nadia" I felt some resistance to making the lead character a girl again. I mean a robot should be piloted by a trained person, and if that person just happens to be a girl then that is fine, but I couldn't see why a young girl would pilot a robot... So I remember saying to Anno, "It's a robot story, so let's make the lead character a boy." And just about that time, I was watching the NHK [public TV channel] program "Brain and Heart" and learned about the existence of the A10 nerve, and I told Anno about the idea that popped into my head at that time. That was the idea where "the dead mother is inside the robot, which is operated by mental/psychical bonding with the child. Moreover, parent-child relations are parched/strained due to the death of the mother at a young age." As soon as I had this idea I was filled with confidence that "This will work!" and I just whipped out a setting drawing. That setting drawing became the character chart for the Planning Papers.

Heavy spoilers for the original series:
But if after a decade you haven't still watched the original series, blame on you.
TL;DR:

 Because their moms' souls are what makes the EVA alive. And the EVA activates when the child (pilot) is placed inside the womb (entry plug).

Since the background story is the same for the rebuild movies, we can assume this is unchanged for rebuild.

Was ever any explicit statement of this? While looking back, this makes sense (based on Shinji's EVA, which was clearly connected to Yui, and how Shinji's classmates seem to lack parents), I've watched the original series twice and read the manga, and don't remember seeing this put out clearly.

@maroon https://wiki.evageeks.org/Evangelion_Unit-03 - There is a scene when ritsuko is readying unit 03 and she mentions something about the core, hinting at the connection between core and pilot.

I think there was also a scene in End of Evangelion that explicitly tells us this is true for Asuka.


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Did Saitama's serious punch physically touch this character?
In the finale of season 1, did Saitama's serious punch physically touch Lord Boros or was it just the after-effect of the punch that hit Boros?

To know the answer you'd have to watch the thing. Have you seen it? I mean if you can see Saitama punch the guy, then yes. If not, then no. It should be pretty obvious. Why are you asking?

@Hakase I watched the whole episode. It wasn't obvious to me. They show Saitama moving towards Boros and then the scene cuts out.

Then we don't know!

Nope, it was simply the shockwave that hit him.

Boros hits Saitama with his Trump card from far away and Saitama does the same with his own trump card from far. So, it's just the shockwave from Saitama's punch.

This was right after Saitama's serious punch and Boros's final attack collided. Hence, we can clearly see there is sufficient amount of the distance between the two and there was no physical contact.


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Does Izuku control his One-For-All?
I've searched everywhere online and can't find any recent pages but does Izuku control his One-For-All? Thanks

If you mean 100%, then the answer is no.
At the end of the second season of the anime:

 He could use up to 5% of its power. He used it to fight the hero killer Stain. (Ep. 14-18)

As of chapter 156 of the manga:

 In the fight against Chisaki, he could control up to 20% of his power.

At first, no. It is for this that he continues to injure himself so badly.
In chapter 41 after his match in the sports festival, it becomes an immediate need that he learn to control his power because Recovery Girl declares that she won't heal him anymore. In fact, this is one of the main problems in the beginning of the series, the fact that he can't control his power. Most of the second season is dedicated to his progress at controlling his power.
Later in season 2, Midoriya has an internship with Gran Torino and comes to learn that he shouldn't focus so much on trying to activate the power, as much as make the power completely part of all his actions. Always active, but at the level which he can control. Which at that point, is 5%.
So, yes he is slowly learning to control his power. That is a main struggle he faces within the story.

He learned to control One for All but it's only 5%. He learned to control it when he's interning for Gran Torino. He got the idea from when he made a mistake in heating the taiyaki (because the taiyaki was not rotating inside the microwave) that they will had for breakfast.

He figured that he should use One for All not just when he needs it to
  and what body part he will use it to but he needs to activate it to
  his whole body all the time.

Reference for this are episodes 14 and 15.


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How different are the OVA and movie versions of Time of Eve?
What does one miss out from not watching either versions?

Contents that are exclusive to the OVA
They are mostly shown at the beginning of the following episodes:

Episode 2: dori-kei commentary in the news
Episode 3: Koji leaves his room and the discussion about sexroids on TV
Episode 4: talk at Rikuo’s home about fuzzy logic and complaints at his dad’s office, and a short scene at the school with a girl classmate of Masaki making some cameo appearances

The ED song 「やさしい時間の中で」 is the vocal version of the piano piece played by Sammy at the Time of Eve. The epilogue following the ED has Naoko decorating Sammy's hair with flower petals.
Contents that are exclusive to the movie

Setoro reporting to Dr. Ashimori at the beginning of the movie
The first Time of Eve android customer seen by Rikuo and Masaki enters a room, which is later revealed to be Shiotsuki and Nagi's home
Sammy making her hair in front of a mirror
Sammy's chkdsk slideshow scenes following the events of episode 3 of the OVA
Sammy holding a sheet music and looking at the sleeping Rikuo before going off to play the piano at midnight
A different ED song with accompanying sketches of Nagi's past
Nagi talks to Shiotsuki in the epilogue


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What is the catalyst necessary to transform into a titan?
At first I thought that you must hurt yourself in order to transform into a titan.
But later,

 We see that Reiner and Bertholdt transformed without self harm, because they transformed immediately after Mikasa cut them in episode 6 of season 2 (episode 31 on Crunchyroll).

Also, thinking back, Eren did not commit self harm when he transformed from within the belly of the titan in season 1.
We see also that sometimes Eren is hurt and he still cannot transform, even though the injury was self induced. What exactly must take place in order to transform?

being injured is sufficient

As per Attack on Titan wikia

In order to transform, a human with the power of the Titans must
  suffer an injury that draws blood (often self-harm) while having a
  solid goal or belief in mind at the moment of injury.

You can check when Eren was training with Levi in the castle, he discovered that only injury is not sufficient.
when he transformed from within the belly of the titan in season 1.
In that scene you can find that all the above conditions are met.
1. Eren was injured( his hand was cut)
2. He has solid goal in mind. i.e to defeat the titan
You can read more cases/conditions in the wiki link I provided

in season 1 epi 23  annie put a metal ring before she transform into a titan, so yea i think it does required a metal to activate a titan form and in epi 19 while eren is eating he's spoon drop a remember something and once he got the metal he transform into a titan without any reason or being hurt

I just want to say that, this might not hold, but the way I saw it when he transformed in the belly of the titan was that maybe he transformed because he wouldn't have gotten his arm bitten off if it weren't for his self-sacrifice. This was my explanation of how that counted as self harm.


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Is there significance to this frame from the season 2 opening?
Pictured are 6 members from the 104th training regimen, but they seem somewhat randomly selected.

At least, that is until:

 We find out that the two on the left are the armoured and colossal titans, and then Eren, who is also a titan, appears to be center-left.

Is there some significance or implication to this picture?

The significance is more than likely representing the lyrics of the song. When comparing the actual intro here and the translated lyrics here, the lyrics during that moment of the intro are

Dedicate! Dedicate! Dedicate your heart!


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How to refer to the two states of Umaru?
In Himouto Umaru-chan, Umaru Doma has two distinct "states":

I am wondering how do both English-speaking fans and Japanese-speaking fans call these two "states". Is there an official name given?
From what I observe, when she changes from the "small" state to the "big" state, the text "うまうーん" appears behind her:

So I suspect that the big form is called うまるーん.

うまるーん is not the name of either form, it is the sound effect of Umaru shifting into her grown-up/outside form.
It's not 100% set in stone, but she often uses the name 「こまる」 ("Komaru") when she's smaller, typically when one of her classmates meets her in that state. Otherwise, the common names for the two states are outside and inside, since she typically changes when she crosses the threshold of their apartment.
There is, also, her third persona, "UMR", which is grown-up like her outside form, but wearing a costume to hide her identity so that she can go to arcades without being spotted. It's also the form in which she becomes friends with Sylphynford Tachibana.


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Who's the character at the end of the last episode of Owarimonogatari season 2?
At the very end, who is the girl with a black ribbon who's running down the stairs? She can be seen at the last still shot in a weird pose holding/being held by Kanbaru. It's not Ougi, as she has a tie instead of a ribbon, and can be seen to the right of them in that still shot when it pans out.

This appears to be Higasa, who is on the basketball team and in the same year as Kanbaru. In the anime productions, she first appears at the beginning of Hanamonogatari.

Hanamonogatari opens with a section where Kanbaru talks about her parents, before she wakes up on the morning of her first day of her third year of school. She runs into Ougi on the school's athletic grounds. Ougi asks Kanbaru if she has heard of Devil-sama.
We then see Kanbaru is sitting in her classroom that same morning. Higasa, being now in the same class as Kanbaru, walks into the room, and Kanbaru identifies her by name.
There is then a time-skip to the afternoon of the same day. Higasa suggests to Kanbaru that they should go home together, but Kanbaru demurs. She then asks Higasa about Devil-sama as Higasa is leaving.

Unfortunately, this is some mistake, there's the difference between the girl running down the stairs with Higasa. And I know it clearly since I'm writing this answer by seeing both scenes of "the girl" and Higasa holding Kanbaru. The girl is brown-haired and I believe it and Higasa is black-haired