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Why do some translations call them "Queerrats", while others call them "Monster Rats"?
I'm guessing this has something to do with "queer" having political/social connotations in the West. Or maybe it's a difference of translation? I'm watching a sub release that uses the former but i've seen the latter used in various articles and on different websites.

This is purely a matter of different translators translating a word in different ways.
The Japanese word in question is バケネズミ（化鼠） bakenezumi. This can be taken as "monster rat1" (化物の鼠) or as "transformed rat" (化けた鼠). It is quite reasonable to translate bakenezumi as "Monster Rat", but it is also easy to see how a translator wishing to be a bit more flashy might choose the term "Queerrat" (with "queer" in the classical sense of "weird, peculiar", not the modern sense of "homosexual").
This latter choice makes some sense insofar as bakenezumi is (I believe) an original coining for From the New World, and so it is not a bad idea to coin an original English word to correspond to it.
It seems unlikely to me that the translators who chose "Queerrat" did so as a form of social commentary.

1 Technically, Japanese nezumi can refer to mice, rats, and a number of related rodenty organisms. If you've watched the entire show, you will understand why "rat" is the correct choice here.


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Is anything known about Rock Lee's family?
From what I can remember, the manga has shown or at least referred to the family of most if not all of the Rookie Nine, as well as most of the other major characters in Naruto. However, I don't remember reading anything about Rock Lee's family, and I can't find anything on the Naruto Wiki. Has any information been given about his family (parents, clan, etc.)?

Well seeing as how his family wasn't there to comfort him about his inability at using ninjutsu and genjutsu, and that he relies on Gai so intently to the point of being a guardian, it is reasonable, if not plausible, to assume that he is an orphan and his parents died in the war against the Kyuubi. Of course it's just speculation, and not information has ever been gathered, but just wait for him to do the 8th gate and have his own flashbacks ;).

@Alex-sama: That's a good answer. You should probably post it as such instead of a comment! Speculation is good!

he is a one of clone experiment of Maito Gai :v
too bad Orochimaru chased off from Konoha before he make an Army of Lee :D

This is just like in Ch 700 when it shows Lee and his mini Lee. We've no idea if Lee got to build a family with someone or just took on an heir to carry on the power of youth. (Didn't know if this really counted as spoiler. It's literally 1 panel in the chapter...)

Okay, per "Madara's" request, due to speculation and interpretation of how things have gone in Naruto so far. It really feels as so that Lee is really reliant to Gai to the point of seeing him as a guardian, or even a father. Notice how even his own parents did not help to comfort him after his failure at genjutsu and ninjutsu broke him down in tears. Maybe they're just really negligent towards him, but on the other hand, there was a war 12(Naruto part 1) - 17(Shippuuden) years ago, involving the Kyuubi. Now we know there were many casualties, such as Minato, Iruka's parents, etc. So therefore, it is possible, if not overall probable that his parents were in the war as well. This was different from most of the other wars, as it was on the home front, rather than invading another country. Therefore, the entire village would be in a total war situation, where every capable villager would be drafted to fight; knowledge of ninja skills irrelevant. For all we know, they could've been basic villagers who just sell fish for a living and they just so happened to get killed by the Kyuubi on its rampage. And then Lee being at most 1 years old, could've taken an oath to avenge his parents' deaths by learning jutsu (see how well that turned out...). But of course no information has ever been given about his family, so this is pure speculation.

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Who is this silhouetted figure in the first OP?
In the first OP for Tokyo Ravens, the figure pictured below appears for about two seconds, silhouetted the entire time.

Who is s/he? That profile (and specifically, that hairstyle - see this gif) doesn't seem to fit any of the other characters in the show.

Looks like Atsune Hirata who turn out to be a spy for the Twin Horn Syndicate.

Hm, you think so? That doesn't quite look like Hirata's build or hairstyle to me. His hair is a lot pointier, for one.

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What is the explanation of Yuki sending e-mail to Naoto?
Naoto boasts about his ability and gives 30 minutes handicap to other players. Then surprisingly Yuki sends a mail to Naoto in which she asks Naoto to stop fooling around.
I'm very confused at this point. I have finished the series and I haven't seen Yuki and Naoto together even once. There is not even another sign about they knew each other. What is the background of this intimate message? Where does they know each other?

(Episode 11)


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Why did the Tree of Beginnings turn people into Iron?
In Zetsuen No Tempest the Tree of Beginnings/Genesis was actually responsible behind the Black Iron Sickness which involved turning people into iron/black iron. On the wikia it says this...

Black Iron Sickness (黒鉄病, Kurogane Byou) is a disease thought to be caused by the awakening of the Tree of Zetsuen. It is actually caused by the Tree of Beginnings trying to stop the Tree of Zetsuen from awakening.

But what would this have achieved in turning people into iron and how would this stop the Tree of Zetsuen/Exodus from being revived by Samon?

To prevent people who desire to revive the tree of zetsuen from retrieving the fruit. But the tree of beginning did not expect the kusaribe clan(immune to the magic) to be the one reviving the tree of zetsuen.


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What is this strange symbol that is shown when Kagami says "un"?
In Tokyo Ravens, when Kagami Reiji is dealing with the Nue when he makes his first appearance, he utters the syllable "un" (ウン), which harms the Nue in some way. In the manga, this is displayed as follows:

On the right we have furigana that read "un" (ウン), but the symbol on the left is clearly not Japanese. What's going on here?

In Shingon Buddhism, there is a concept known as shuji (種字・種子; Sanskrit bīja or bījākṣara), which means "seed syllable". These are monosyllabic Sanskrit-derived incantations (i.e. mantras) which are taken to hold mystical power in and of themselves, and which symbolize a particular revered figure (e.g. a Buddha or bodhisattva).
The symbol that Kagami is shown uttering appears to be a stylized version of the seed syllable "हुं", transliterated as "hum", which finds its way into Japanese as "un". This particular one symbolizes Kundali (軍荼利明王 gundari myouou), who is one of the five Wisdom Kings.


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How are the main characters related?
I watched Kamichama Karin a long time ago, and I remember that there were a lot of weird biological relations between the main characters. I know it involved cloning. I tried looking it up on Wikipeda but was kind of confused. Can someone give me a compiled/clear explanation of how the main characters are related?


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Is Hotaru really Nadeshiko?
Magnus (or Akabane big-brother) has one of her dolls shaped exactly like Raishin Akabane's sister: Nadeshiko.
The name of the puppet is Hotaru.
Was Hotaru made from Nadeshiko's body?

Yes, the entire squadron of Magnus is made up of the oragans of Nadeshiko. It was mentioned in volume 10 of the light novel, but I don't remember if it was mentioned much earlier in the novel. This is the line in volume 10: "The doll of my enemy. She even had some of Nadeshiko’s organs inside her body" (仇の人形。まして、体内に撫子の部品を格納しているのだ。). It was stated in volume 1 that Nadeshiko's body was empty because Tenzen took the organs to create the Squadron.

In volume 16, it was revealed that Hotaru has Nadeshiko's brain, Tamamushi has Nadeshiko's digestive organ, Kamakiri has Nadeshiko's sense organ, Kagerou has Nadeshiko's muscle fibre, Mitsubashi has Nadeshiko's heart and Himegumo has Nadeshiko's nervous system. Nadeshiko's organs were used to revive her (one of the two keys to her resurrection) and to keep her off the radar of the Izanagi clan's prophecy.

You can check out this Fandom site.

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Do family member's escape the Calamity if the student dies?
When the Calamity begin, relatives to a student in class 3-3 are also at risk of dying due to the Calamity.
I am wondering, if a student died as a result of the Calamity would their relatives be spared?

Most probably there will not be a definitive answer to that.

It's not sure but, by logic, when a student dies, he is no more a student in class 3-3, so their relatives are safe.
In fact, in the anime, nothing happens to any relative of a dead student.

Takabayashi's grandparents were the inkeepers and died two months after him

TL.DR: they can and did die!
The rules for someone die of the calamity are:

Be a student, teacher or up to second degree relative of a 3-3 class' student.
Be alive. (The calamity would not kill the dead member of the class)
Be inside the city limits. Junta died at the beach, but he had already fatal injuries priorvto leaving the city.

So, if a student transfers schools or leaves the city for good, the link to the class ends and the  person's family would be safe.
Also, Koichi's father, being in another country, is totally safe.
Being dead is no protection to a student's family. Takabayashi dies of heart attack in June (DN reference not intended... >.>), but his grandparents die as part of the calamity in August.
Being a relative of the ignored student is no protection, as Mei sister shows.


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Symbols given by Sage of the Six Paths to Naruto and Sasuke Chapter 672
In chapter 672 The Sage of the Six Paths engraves one symbol into Naruto and Sasuke:

Is there any symbolic link to these symbols?
To me it appears as though the symbols are sun and moon, light and darkness.
Also, does it have any connection to Naruto and Sasuke's chakra nature? Naruto's wind element chakra is the promoter for Sasuke's fire element, just like the sun's light makes the moon shine.
Another aspect that hit my eye, is Naruto's symbol is in his right hand, while Sasuke's in his left. The right and left make a perfect set.
So, my question is, is there a link in the symbols given to Naruto and Sasuke. And are these links intentional or unintentional?

One more possible aspect could be - those 2 being the re-incarnations of Ashura and Indra.

@R.J Possibly, but again the symbols given to them are similar to their clan symbols, the uchicha clan has a more resemblance than the Uzumaki clan, the senju clan symbol is a lot different.

Probably a subset kind of thing. The circle can be split into 2 and be represented as a part of Senju clan symbol. Anyways, its purely on speculation for now unless there is more information by Kishimoto.

First thing it makes me think of. A sun and moon.

Actually I am about to ask the same question after reading the latest manga chapter. +1.:)

i guess, it's connected to this whole "ying-yang"-complex

I mean, symbolic traits are a given, but not for a second will I think it's more than convenient marks for the arms that Naruto and Sasuke will use for their respective final attacks against each other for a super sized page during their fight. They do it in every single one of their fights with each other.

Assuming that the symbols are Moon and Sun, it is very much related to the Symbol Yin Yang.

The first character yin means: overcast weather; feminine; moon; cloudy; negative electrical charge; shady.
The second character yáng means: positive electrical charge; sun.
The simplified characters clearly show the moon/sun symbolism, since they can be deconstructed to their elements moon and sun. The element is a variant of the radical which means "abundant". So Yin Yang could represent the contrast between the moon and the sun.
But Yin Yang is much more than just a pair of opposites. It conveys the idea that each of the opposites is dependent on the other, and how they continuously transform from one into the other.
Another thing, according to First Principles: Symbolism of the Sun and Moon:
Sun can be translated as fixidity, steadiness, firmness, and strength of purpose. The Sun rises day after day regardless of weather conditions, the behavior of humanity or the placement of planets in the sky. It traverses its set path, always giving light and heat and asking nothing for itself in return. Very much like Naruto.
Moon is said to rule the senses and emotions. Moon is said to be fickle and changeable. Emotions change and fluctuate as our thoughts and attitudes change. Synonymous to Sasuke.
Conclusion:
Naruto and Sasuke (Reincarnation of Indra and Asura) is described to be opposite or contrary with each other but they are interconnected and interdependent naturally; and they give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another.
As per the chakra, well, I think it is also connected (Naruto is Bright Yellow/Light while Sasuke is Dark Violet?/Dark). The nature (wind and fire) is different.

nice answer.. +1
I'll wait a little longer and see other answers before I accept one. :)

Yup. I understand. This is merely an analysis with no direct link with neither the manga nor the anime version. But I can edit this if further explained in the next chapters.

I went back and saw this, check out the palms.

Could you explain your answer a bit more than just "check out the palms." and an image?

@kingtimmahb, please could you elaborate on "check the palms"


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Why does Kiritsugu refer to himself as a "mahoutsukai" at the very beginning of F/SN?
The very first scene of the F/SN visual novel (even before the prologue from Rin's perspective) has Shirou experiencing the fire that occurred at the end of the Fourth Grail War, blacking out, and then waking up in a hospital with Kiritsugu by his side. There, Kiritsugu identifies himself to Shirou as a mahoutsukai; that is, one who uses mahou (魔法).
Depending on what translation you've seen, mahou is translated as "Sorcery", "Magic", or "True Magic", by contrast with the lesser majutsu, which is "Magic", "Thaumaturgy", or "Magecraft". The point here is that mahou is the greater of the two arts, available to beings like Zelretch, while majutsu is the lesser, and is what is used by "ordinary" people like Kiritsugu, Kotomine, and so forth.
Why does Kiritsugu call himself a mahoutsukai? As far as I know, Kiritsugu never actually attained the ability to perform mahou, what with the whole him destroying the Grail and all of that.
(I apologize for using Japanese terms here, but the utter inability of Nasuverse translators to be consistent with one another about terminology leaves me no choice.)

Shiro, as a child doesn't probably understand the distinction between the two (魔法使いと魔術師の違い), as few children his are very well acquainted with magic. It's probably meant as an ironic joke, given Shiro's condition when it was said (―――うん。初めに言っておくとね、僕は魔法使いなんだ) due Shiro's idealized view of Kiritsugu caused him to recall him more as a person he never was.

From what i remember of the Translation of the game Kiritsugu introduced himself as a Sorcerer. to be a Sorcerer recognized by the Magic Association one need to have wielded one of the True Magics.
In Tsukihime, Aoko introduces herself as a Sorceress which she is because she wielded the 5th, however at the time of the original Fate/Stay Night release the Nasuverse wasn't as defined as it was today. While the game explains Thaumaturgy, Magecraft and True Magic (including the difference between Medea's and Rin's Magic) a lot of the information and inner workings of the Nasuverse (along with terminology) comes from the Fate/Complete Works Books, so at the time a Sorcerer/Sorceress was probably just a term to make a Magus seem more important before a majority of the True Magics were defined.
Also, in the wiki on Magecraft it says:

However, modern Magecraft remains far inferior from that of the past, so much that someone like Medea, who comes from the Age of Gods when Magecraft was much more powerful, would seem like a sorcerer to the eyes of a modern magus, even though what she can do is not really Magic.

Taking that into example, Shirou, a child who knew nothing of Magecraft would see Kiritsugu, who does use it, in the same way a modem Magus would see a Magus from the the Age of Gods.
Also, rather than having to explain the difference between Magic and Magecraft later on Kiritsugu probably figured it be easier if he had just said he was a wizard, since both a sorcerer and a wizard are "users of magic" this probably in japanese would be mahoutsukai either way. This is another reason why Rin disliked how Kiritsugu trained Shirou (even though Kiritsugu didn't actually do anything), because Shirou doesn't know the difference.
Another reason for all of this however as stated by Krazer in the comments is that we see the scene of Shirou though Shirou remembering the events of when he met Kiritsugu (we can tell this though the use of descriptive text of how Shiro feels). Shiro's idealized concept of Kiritsugu may have influence the scene, this would ring true of Shiki in Tsukihime aswell when he first met Aoko and he "remembers" Aoko refer to herself as a Sorceress when they first met when he was a child (and in hospital much like Shirou) while in the Eclipse Ending Shiki makes no mention of Aoko being a Sorceress.

There is a distinction between 魔法 (magic) and 魔術 (magecraft), as with 魔法の使者 (magic user) and 魔術の師 (magecraft master). These two are mutually exclusive. What's more than likely is that Shiro's idealized concept of Kiritsugu caused him to recall it like this, by way of literary irony.

@Krazer i haven't played the un-translated version so i'm not sure of what they use, so my last paragraph was based off the question where "one who uses mahou (magic)" is used. This would equate to "magic user" which would explain the English "Sorcerer" would be used, wizard or magican probably could have also been used but the translation was done by a third party.

however in the game at the scene we are in the role of Shiro remembering that day, Shiro's idealized concept of Kiritsugu may have distorted what Kiritsugu actully said, i'll add that to my answer

In the Nasuverse, the agreed upon lexicon is that 魔術師 are magus and 魔法使い are magicians. The former is practiced like a science, while the latter practices in miracles (like science vs. faith). Only 5 magicians exist in the modern storyline. Magic touches upon miracles, magecraft is an artificial means of reproducing miracles (there are laws that need to obeyed). They are as different a day and night. One who uses "mahou" refer to someone that uses miracle, one who uses "majutsu" refers to one who attempt to reproduce (i.e. copy) miracles.

"Majutsu" AKA Magecraft/Thaumathurgy can't reproduce miracles, they can only reproduce feasible physical happenings.


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What are familiars, their significance and abilities?
Nana Genie is Cecil's familiar.

There are other familiars that can be seen on the series, though we don't find out all of their names.
Though Wizard Barrister's wiki does not elaborate on what familiars are exactly, and what their abilities are, Wikipedia's page on Wizard Barristers links familiars directly to this page, which explains familiars as:

In European folklore and folk-belief of the Medieval and Early Modern periods, familiar spirits (sometimes referred to simply as "familiars" or "animal guides") were supernatural entities believed to assist witches and cunning folk in their practice of magic.

However, the page does not seem to refer familiars in an Eastern context. So I was wondering if they are to be taken as they are in Western culture, or if they are an interpretation of this.
Further down the page, there is another definition:

A familiar spirit (alter ego, doppelgänger, personal demon, personal totem, spirit companion) is the double, the alter-ego, of an individual. It does not look like the individual concerned. Even though it may have an independent life of its own, it remains closely linked to the individual. The familiar spirit can be an animal (animal companion).

By this definition, does this mean that Cecil has a perverted side to her, that is expressed through Nana Genie?
They must be able to perform magic, as Magic Prohibition Law article 8 states that:

Article 8: If a familiar breaks the law, the owner is held responsible.

However, going back to Wikipedia's page, it does not explain what are their abilities (if they have any).

So basically, and as the title says:
What exactly are familiars? (Are they to be considered exactly as Western Medieval Folklore interprets them?)
What is their significance (in relation to their 'owners')?
And what abilities to they possess?

Well i don't know about the series but the way you've asked the question, it deserves a vote up! xD


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Is there a ranked order for the Phantom 4?
Previously the Element 4 was a group of four S-Class Mages who were the most strongest in the Phantom Lord Guild. However was there ever a ranking/official ranking in terms of who was stronger?
The only information I can gather is the Aria was the strongest out of the Element 4. Was there any information that gave insight into the ranking on strength? It may have been already revealed in the anime, however I have forgotten if it was mentioned.
Answers are appreciated. :)

don't remember reading anything on this in the manga.. nor does the Fairy Tail wiki have anything on it.

I don't think there's a ranked order for them, but looking for their fight against FT, the order from strongest to weakest will likely be Aria-Juvia-Totomaru-Sol

On Aria's Fairy Tail Wikipedia page it states that "he is considered the strongest member of the group".
This by no means concrete evidence that he is indeed the strongest, but he did manage to sneak upon Makarov and disable him for a short time. So as for official order there really is none, they were all S-Class mages so in terms of strength they were at least on the same playing field. So an example "ranking" could be:

Aria
Juvia
Sol
Totomaru

This is by no means the correct way to rank them and it really depends on your personal opinion.


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What is Serial Experiments Lain about?
I have yet to find a clear answer to this question. From what I've read, it may be an art-house series about dangers of remote communication, phobia of technological advancement and feeling of insecurity. The last point I can agree with because of how easily information can be accessed with the use if internet these days, but the rest… I think there's a more concrete meaning to this series.
SEL is a series with very unusual direction and a peculiar artistic style. These traits are commonly seen in art-house works that may not bear any specific message.
Throughout the series we learn about the difficult reality surrounding Lain: her relatives are troubled, some of her friends have psychological problems, there are suicides happening in mystical circumstances, and then there are some secret agents following around.
Later in the series, things become rather surreal and Lain turns into some kind of god of the Net. I've never understood this portion of the anime and what it could possibly suggest. Does it warn us about dangers of becoming too self-important? Does it mean it's possible to lose the sense of reality when using internet? Or maybe Lain's character is a metaphor for a person new to technological advancements of today?
What is the message the authors of SEL are trying to communicate?

At first, I flagged this as opinion based. However I remembered seeing an interview with the producer, director and writer a long time ago and was able to find it.
There are a few pages of interview on that site, but I have quoted the most relevant material here.

[Writer] Konaka: There's not a particular message about technology. Technology advances anyway. [...]

[Producer] Ueda: [...] This work itself is a sort of cultural war against American culture and the American sense of values we adopted after WW II. [...]

[Interviewer] Q: Does the series have a "message"?
   Ueda: The message is, Things are simple.

This is probably the only English language interview. I definitely wouldn't take what they say at face value.

Why not? Are they the kinda guys to say one thing but mean another? Or is it a joke?

Well, I find it a little had to believe that "there isn't a message about technology" considering that Lain is all about technology. I think they were intentionally leaving things ambiguous by answers like "there's not a particular message about technology" when Lain is the most technology focused a series can get. Thats just my opinion though, I could be overthinking it.


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Is there any significance to the comment on madeleines?
Towards the end of the last episode of Serial Experiments Lain, we see Lain have a brief conversation with her father. At the end of it, her father says:

Lain, I'll make us some nice tea next time. Hey, with some madeleines! Definitely. They're great!

This seems to be a reference to Marcel Proust's "episode of the madeleine" in In Search of Lost Time. Assuming this is the case, is there any significance to this reference in relation to plot beyond the fact that (according to Wikipedia anyway - I haven't read Proust yet) in Proust, the madeleine is connected to a discussion of memory?
Given that this is followed (or follows, possibly) some comments on memory in the anime, it would make sense for this to be a "standalone" reference, but I'm wondering if there's any significance to this other than it just being a reference to a literary discussion of memory. (For instance, is there anything specific about Proust's discussion of memory that's also relevant in the context of SEL?)

I like this interpretation from Hana Ga Saita Yo:

In Search of Lost Time the madeleines provoke a flashback in the story, in the case of SEL, instead, is a fastforward scene, however the meaning remains the same: to remember.
Lain every now and then goes to visit Arisu to renew her love for humanity, and consequently find the strength to continue to endure the sacrifice she is making: living in solitude. Arisu is Lain’s madeleine.


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Why does magic take the form of weapons?
In Mahouka Koukou it seems apparent that magic seems to take the form of Guns or Snipers for some reason.
Does magic actually have a form or is this yet to come further on in the series since so far the latest episode which was number 3 only came out a couple days ago.
Also how was it that they turned/synthesised magic into an actual form of technology?

@zargin- I haven't watched them, nor did I know that there were any. Thank you and thanks for your answer for a recent question of my today. :)

Because it looks cool.

FatalSleep's answer is right in saying that magic doesn't take the form of weapons, and is just thought particles called Psions. Magic sequences are only processed through CADs shaped like weapons. Why they are that shape is covered below:
First, it's important to understand the difference between a general and specialised CAD. This excerpt from the light novel covers it nicely:

"The two types of CAD are general and specialized. The general type placing a larger burden on the user but capable of a wide range of up to 99 activation sequences, while the specialized type is only able to contain up to nine activation sequences but possesses subsystems able to reduce the load on the user, making it possible to invoke magic faster."
Volume 1 - Enrollment I, Chapter 2

To add to those points, there's also a brief description of why certain specialised CADs take the shape of weaponry such as handguns and sniper rifles:

"By its nature, aggressive combat type magic sequences are generally stored in specialized CAD. [...] Specialized CAD are often shaped in the form of guns because using the auxiliary aiming systems incorporated in the area corresponding to the barrel, coordinate data is input at the moment the activation sequence is initiated"
Volume 1 - Enrollment I, Chapter 2

Put simply, the shape makes targeting easier - aiming the CAD helps determine the location of the desired target, rather than the Magic Technician having to supply all the coordinate data manually.
This is why it's some combat specialised CADs that take the form of guns - the majority of spells will be cast towards an opponent, which requires precise aiming. Such examples would be Tatsuya's Silverhorn Trident, Ichijou Masaki's CAD, and the CAD used by Saegusa Mayumi (below) in the Speed Shooting tournament at the NSC.

Let's go over this for some closure:
In Mahouka Koukou, magic doesn't take the form of weapons or of the like. Magic is processed through these "weapons" which actually come in a variation of designs based on magic user preferences. These devices are actually called CAD or Casting Assistance Device. The CAD act as a pass through for processing magic operations that would otherwise be physically intensive on the human body.
Magic itself is actually psions. Here is the wiki literal definition:

Psions (想子, literally "Thought Particles") are substanceless
  particles that come under the dimension of psychic phenomenon, an
  information element that records the result of cognizance and thought.
  They are similar to Pushions in that Pushions are the particle
  manifestations of emotions from intention and thought, while Psions
  are the particle manifestations of intention and thought.

As for how they got it to work with technology, we can assume that for the Mahouka Koukou universe, psions are a natural form of energy much like electrons in real world computing. If this is the case, they developed technology that relies on psions rather than electrons and this resulted in allowing them to use/alter psions as you would electrons, just on a larger, fancier magic scale...


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Why are Shinigami and their Zanpakuto so different?
Through all of the episodes containing Muramasa when the Shinigami's Zanpakuto materialize, some of them are very different from each other. Mainly Hisagi and his Zanpakuto Kazeshini. Even after he is released from Muramasa's spell, Kazeshini tries to kill Hisagi and says that he only wants to kill people. But according to the Bleach intro the Zanpakuto are born with the abilities based on
their Shinigami.
So why are they so often different?

I'm a little confused. Are you asking why some zanpakuto don't fit their owner's personalities?

Yes, according to the intro song thing (what i posted pictures of) they should pretty much have the same personality.

Man, I could get all kinds of philosophical with this answer, which is why an answer just gets complicating. Not a bad question at all, but it leads into several answers concerning self-reflection, acceptance, foreshadowing, emotional fanservice, and duality of the soul when some zanpakuto seem polar opposite or disliked by their Shinigami.

I guess my comment seemed answery & I used to have such fond memories of Bleach so here goes. Disclaimer: if you're willing to accept lazy filler writing as the answer, do not read anything below this statement because I don't have classes tomorrow so I thought I'd write & reminisce.
Reasons why the personification of Zanpakuto do not directly reflect their shinigami
Literary sense would dictate the following:

Character Overlap is unpopular & otherwise bad. You don't want to give every character of focus a clone. It's just bad writing to introduce partners as complete doppelgangers. It's different when that clone-character is referential to someone else (everyone in Naruto who was like Naruto) or substituting (also in Naruto, when Sai was a new Sasuke). Those are typically OK (but should not abused, Naruto).
Lack of material is the biggest reason for every problem Bleach has ever faced -- this is fact. Otherwise, it'd still be a beloved powerhouse than a retiring flagship of entertainment. With identical plots, new characters or focusing on B characters seem like an OK idea to seem fresh.
Filler arcs demaaaand disposable conflict, that is, sometimes you get ones knowing they're just buying time so they don't even attempt to seem exciting and other times you get game-changers and you cry knowing the cute girl who isn't useless will die or leave. In this case, everything would wrap up with a smirk by the sunset for "even though we had our differences, we'll move forward". Keep in mind, delivering this can be cheesy so it often gets rushed.
Thought-provoking topics or questions like yours is a subplot waiting to boil but all too often it's just left to fizzle without details. Which leads me to my next speculated point,

Self-reflection/acceptance implies dealing with the parts of yourself that you know you need and how to achieve them. Like, Ichigo's inner world reacts to the good (hometown, maybe more) and bad (raining on all of that, drowning in it) in his life. But his frustrations with himself turned into a seasoned old guy and animal instinct-man who create a demand that Ichigo needs to be stronger to overcome the odds. Rukia, the cute tomboy/soldier focused a lot on being militant, but has inner fascination with beauty only seen in her inspiration from Shiba Miyako (Kaien's wife), Byakuya's art & strength, and it can be argued that this is represented in her zanpakuto's embodiment. Also Sode no Shirayuki in this arc is bothered that Rukia's primary personality makes her just a military tool. Even though Muramasa's powers promotes the feelings of being oppressed to persuade the spirits to fight their Shinigami, the underlying ideas are still there in most of them -- or just secretly made up reasons to move plot because filler rarely has decent direction.

It's just a lot of open-ended conjecture that has good intentions of making fans expand on the characters they enjoy, hence those two examples up top and this following final piece.
[Speculation]
Kazeshini's personality is one that Hisagi detests not solely because of how he is but instead who he is -- the extension of his very soul. He doesn't emphasize with Kazeshini which makes it a part of himself he cannot identify. Kazeshini reflects this confusion which is why they agree to disagree. Alternatively, if they meet halfway, neither would be stifled by fear (to kill) or frustration (that seems weak). Achieving Bankai is probably about releasing insecurities & inhibitions to become whole or enlightened -- you know, growing with your sword instead of against/away from it -- or that was the original idea.
[/Speculation]


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What song is used in this video?
I've tried using a song finder app to no avail. What is the song used on this site. Is it a song used in Cowboy Bebop? Or just some random song overlaid with Spike's picture?

It's titled "Space Lion", and can be found on the 1st Cowboy Bebop OST, track #7.
Here's a Youtube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKnVaDwUg5s.


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What, exactly, is "Fate/stay night" supposed to mean?
We've all heard of Fate/stay night, the much-beloved visual novel by Type-Moon that taught us that people die when they're killed.
But what does the title "Fate/stay night" actually mean? We can assume for the moment that "Fate" is just a designator for the series (hence Fate/Zero, Fate/Extra, etc.), but I'm still somewhat baffled as to what "stay night" could possibly be.
(Nobody on the internet seems to know, and I figure the ultimate answer is probably "it sounds cool", but I thought I'd put this out there anyway.)

Actually, I think the "cool" factor overweighed the "sense making" part.

"people die when they're killed" lol, nope, still aint true here, the Heaven's Feel Magic can recreate the soul, Saber coming back as Alter-Saber and the fact (almost) very servant died in the past. also outside Fate/Stay Night and in the Nasuverse as a whole, Brunestud of the Crimson Moon can come back to life through Arcueid or Altrouge and The Dark Six will be revived though the Aylesbury Valesti. and there's Rao

Just the "Steins;Gate" has no deeper meaning, Nasu probably just felt like using some gratuitous Engrish. Like  "Crimson night & Celsion moon, misfiction, not save the Player is Prayer, yes, Dance Romanesque and unfinished Romancia" from Melty Blood ReAct or "blue blue glass moon under the crimson air" from the original Melty Blood.

@кяαzєя Amusingly, a Steiner Chain is a real thing in math - a set of successively tangent circles that returns to its beginning, all mutually tangent to a central and outer circle. If you feel like being poetic, you might imagine the central circle to be a gate - a "Gate of Steiner".

Also I think "blue blue glass moon" started in Tsukihime, but I may be wrong.

When Kinoko Nasu first wrote Fate/stay night in college, it was called Old Fate (旧Fate) and Fate Origin and was reimagined later to be Fate/Prototype. Nasu only wrote what would become the game's Fate Route.
There is speculation on what meaning there is behind the name, i.e.

"Fate" may refer to the fate of the servants like Saber accepting her fate in her life or the Fate of the magi that battle each other in the war.

"Stay" may refer to the desire to keep the servants like with Shirou and Saber, it may refer to making something remain or stay like the reason why Shiro enters the war in both Fate/stay night and Fate/hollow ataraxia was to keep the peace in the town, or in Heaven's Feel Route which is like the ultimate climax to the game how Zouken wanted Heaven's Feel to become Immorality but without his body rotting. In Fate/Extra, Twice H. Pieceman had changed the Moon Cell's selection process to be a war believing humanity requires war to advance and evolve, he wanted Hakuno Kishinami and every other Master who appeared at the Moon Cell's core to wish for the perpetuation of war (stay in war)

"Night" could refer to how the battles mainly occurred during the night or the darkness behind the war (In Prototype, the Heaven's Feel system was meant to materialize Beast; or in Fate/stay night, Angra Mainyu's corruption of the grail)

Another theory is that the "Fate" part was taken from his original work, "/stay night" was just added to sound cool like with Kara no Kyoukai (空の境界, lit. Boundary of Emptiness) - The Garden of Sinners or Tsukihime (月姫, lit. Moon Princess).
Ref: Anime News Network Forum - So why is Fate/Stay Night called...Fate/Stay Night?

Have you ever thought that "Night" could also be fancy (Nasu) wordplay on "Knight?"

@Krazer yeh, could be. Arthur either way was the King of Knights and every notable Saber has been in some way related to Arturia (Nero, Mordrid, Gwain)

It's probably related to the different routes of the game.
Shirou at some point in time asks either Rin or Sakura to stay at his house that night to keep them safe. Hence the "stay night" in the name.
The "Fate" part may mean how Shirou's decision on asking one of them to stay at his house affects his fate/destiny. So it's like, "fate" is decided by whom you ask to "stay night" with. But that's just my theory.

This answer is just mainly based off of speculation.
Although the creators intention aren't actually really know well that much, here are some common theories that were put together as to what the Stay/Night might mean.

Some think that it may be related to some of the light novels because
  of their hentai-ish side. Which was where the (Stay/Night) might
  have came from. The theorie thinks that it might mean "Stay the Night" sexually implied. [Unlikely, but maybe]

Another theory is that it just sounded cool and the producers just
  choose it because it sounded cool. [Unlikely, but maybe]

Theory number three was that the name may be related to the other
  seasons. [Possible]

Mostly since this is just speculation, this answer is definitely not accurate but I have included some things that may help in answering your question. Hope it helped.

I read the first theory but i kinda discounted that one because Fate/Stay Night to my view isn't nukige and we've seen in Realta Nua that it's just as good without any H Scenes in it

Curious, what do you mean by "related to the other seasons"? you mean like Fate/Zero, Fate/Hollow Atarxia and Fate/Extra?

@Memor-X- Yeah, kind of in a way. You can edit it if you want. My answer is just mainly based on the most commonly thought about ideas to as to where the Fate/Stay Night came from.


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Are gym masters easy to beat?
Gym masters are dedicated to train their Pokemon and and are very familiar with their environment. They should have a vast advantage over trainers, especially younger ones.
If that is the case, why don't they defeat more trainers? Shouldnt only trainers with comparable experience defeat them? Ash can defeat much older masters who have been training for decades. Is it just to advance the story or is there a rational explanation?

Why does Pikachu seemingly reset his level everytime he enters a new region?

@krikara the same reason Ash resets his age when he enters a new region

It should be noted (at least with the first season) Ash lost to Brock and Lt. Serge but rematched them. he forfeited to Brock in the second match when Onix was wet and it wouldn't have been a true victory (Brock gave gim the bagde because he was honest). with Lt. Serge, Ash boosted Pikachu's power so it outmatched Raichu's and won. there's bound to be other examples where Ash (or another trainer) lost and but then rematched and won.

With the Safron City Gym, Ash only won because Hunter made Sabrina laugh, it wasn't really a test of skills in that (though he ahd the right appoch after his fist loose, Ghost VS Physic). with Giovani's Gym (can remember the town) was run by Team Rocket and Jessie and James was tasked as Gym Leaders in their Giovani's absence, so unlike the other gyms (as far as i know) the Gym Leader can be changed at a moment's notice so they probably have the environmental advantage

They are not easy to beat, Ash isn't just your average trainer. He might seem stupid/have really weak pokemon sometimes, but he is kind of world class when you look at some of his greatest accomplishments. And many gym leaders do beat him, and he eventually comes back to win. Gym masters do beat most challengers, just beating all of a region's gyms is qualification enough to take on the Elite four.
Also, gym masters are normally trainers who work within the rules of the gym, a fighting master tends to mainly have fighting pokemon, so will always be at a disadvantage to a trainer who wanders in with a bunch of psychic/flying pokemon. They are never portrayed as invincible or easy, just a bunch of tough trainers, well above the average guy wandering around with a bunch of pokemon.

In Pokemon Origins, it is strongly implied that gym leaders own several pokemons of varying strength.

Brock is shown to have many Pokémon, and selects Geodude and Onix when Red confirms that he has no Badges. This implies that all Gym Leaders have Pokémon of varying strengths in reserve in order to keep each challenge a fair fight.

Source: http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Brock#In_Pok.C3.A9mon_Origins
So basically, gym leaders handicap themselves to get down to the trainers' level, depending on the number of badges the trainer has.


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Is Digitamamon a parody of the tamagotchi?
In Digimon Adventure (in both seasons), we meet Digitamamon, a profoundly evil, greedy digimon who looks like a giant egg with dinosaur legs and a crack in the shell where two yellow eyes stare out.
Digimon (which preceded Pokemon) is based off a toy for boys that competed with the Tamagotchi toy. Tamagotchi is a egg-shaped toy featuring an egg that quickly hatches into an alien being.
Tama-gotchi literally means egg-watch (with the second half being a transliteration of the English word 'watch')
Digi-tama-mon breaks down to digital-egg-monster (with digi and mon being borrowed from English).
Digitamamon is one of the few digimon with the word 'digi' in its name, suggesting something digital, but it doesn't look digital at all. That's why I wonder if it's related to the Tamagotchi, the first 'digital egg'.

That's an interesting hypothesis, but I don't think it's right.
As the Digimon enthusiast will recall, the eggs from which Digimon hatch are called "Digi-Eggs" in English. However, in Japanese, they are called "Digi-Tama" (デジタマ), from which the English is basically directly translated, since tama means "egg", as you pointed out.
It seems rather more likely that the name "Digitamamon" derives from "monster that is a Digi-Tama/Digi-Egg", rather than "digital monster that is a tama/egg". The latter interpretation might suggest a connection to Tamagotchi, but is unlikely, since (as you pointed out) it doesn't look particularly digital at all. However, it does look a lot like a Digi-Tama/Digi-Egg - see below.

That said, I think there still is a connection to the Tamagotchi in a different way: it's widely acknowledged that the Digimon product line is basically "Tamagotchi plus battles".
Recall that both Digimon and Tamagotchi are Bandai products. It's thought that the Tamagotchi sold well among girls but not boys, leading Bandai to introduce Digimon to capture the other half of the market. As such, even if Digimon and Tamagotchi aren't explicitly referencing one another, it shouldn't be too surprising that they will have some features in common, being produced by the same company and all.

An aside:

Digimon (which preceded Pokémon)...

Not quite. The chronology here is as follows:

Feb 1996: Nintendo releases Pokémon Red and Green
Nov 1996: Bandai releases the first Tamagotchi
Jun 1997: Bandai releases the first Digimon virtual pet device

The Pokémon anime (Apr 1997) also preceded the Digimon anime (Mar 1999).

Digimon didn't complete with Tamagotchi at all. They WERE Tamagotchis and by the same company, Bandai. Just a newer version or sideline that took on a life of its own. With that in mind, Digitamamom wouldn't be a parody but more likely a homage to its own other brand.

Please include relevant sources/references.


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Where does episode 0 fall in the chronology?
I was watching The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, and the first episode that shows up for season 1 on Crunchyroll is episode 0. Because the show was played totally out of order, I couldn't figure out where it fit chronologically. I know it can't be before episode 1, so where does it fit?

I don't remember there's episode 0, what is that about?

@ShinobuOshino The "Adventures of Asahina Mikuru" episode (the one that they record during season 2 and play at the school cultural festival) is sometimes called "episode 0".

The continuity is very slightly more clear in the novels. Episode 0 is the movie that the SOS Brigade films to show at the school festival during "Live Alive". In the novels, the Brigade makes the movie during The Sigh of Haruhi Suzumiya, the second novel in the series, which is adapted to anime in the last four episodes of Series 2.
The novels The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya and The Boredom of Haruhi Suzumiya both take place before The Sigh, so the episodes based on those novels--"The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya" parts 1-6, "The Boredom of Haruhi Suzumiya", "Mysterique Sign", and "Remote Island Syndrome", all take place before Episode 0. As senshin mentions, "Live Alive", "Day of Sagittarius", and "Someday in the Rain" take place after Episode 0. "The Day of Sagittarius" was in the fifth novel, The Rampage of Haruhi Suzumiya, and "Live Alive" and "The Adventures of Mikuru Asahina Episode 00" (our Episode 0) were in the sixth novel, The Wavering of Haruhi Suzumiya. Both of these novels are random collections of shorts that cover different time periods.

Episode 0 is technically the last episode in the season. The chronological order of the episodes can be found here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_The_Melancholy_of_Haruhi_Suzumiya_episodes
Under the E tab, you can order it by descending or ascending. Using Crunchyroll's ordering, episode 2 should be the first episode to watch.

Not quite - "Someday in the Rain" is the chronologically last episode of the TV series, as the table indicates. "The Adventures of Asahina Mikuru Episode 0" is fourth-from-last, followed also by "Live Alive" (the concert episode) and "The Day of Sagittarius" (the video game episode).


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What meaning does the phrase "Zawsze in Love" have?
I've watched 16 episodes and the phrase "Zawsze in Love" (first said by Kirisaki) appears to be memorable both for her and Ichijou. But what does it mean? Is it a reference to something? Or is it another thing from their childhood?

"Zawsze" is Polish for "always."
So it's something along the lines of "always in love." The significance has yet to be revealed.
The original version is written as ザクシャ イン ラブ （愛を永遠に)
Which means more or less "forever in love."


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Database of legal sites that allow the download of Anime Soundtracks?
I am looking for a list of sites that are legal of course where I can buy and download digital copy for personal use of Anime soundtracks. One that would be good is a legal site where I can actually filter through many different anime soundtracks quickly.
Example: I am currently looking for the Uta no Prince Sama soundtrack to download/buy but I cannot find any legal sites to actually buy it from [and I don't really like the idea of pirating or just getting it for free]. I prefer to buy.
Are there any legals sites where I can purchase the soundtracks of different animes?

If you can deal with moonrunes: http://mora.jp/index_anime

There's a Japanese website, CDJapan, from where you can order CDs. However, here's the catch: they focus more on offbeat and non-mainstream-anime related things.
For some miscellaneous and also filterable (like in English, Bestsellers, Great Deals, New Releases), I recommend YESASIA. I'm giving you the link that points to its English anime page.
PLAY-ASIA is epic. Trust me. It is. I buy things from there as it accepts my currency too (INR). Here you can find exclusive and good amount of foundational soundtracks. If you feel adventurous, there's more! Like Frozen's Japanese (or was that Korean) version and K-pop songs, etc. But that's not what you asked for, so sorry.
If you can read Japanese, HMV Online is a Japanese website that gives good deals but may be limited in offers and variety of payment.
If you're a resident of Japan, check the comment by another user. Also, it may be that the above mentioned HMV only lets Japanese people buy.
If you're American, you should know about Right Stuf Anime and The Anime Corner Store.
Finally, I recommended you try the mighty Jungle. The prices can sometimes be very well placed.
I've picked the links that will land you at appropriate places. Most websites will accept PayPal too.

Note: I only mention iTunes/Amazon MP3 because they are the largest distributors of digital music for purchase. I don't refer to others distributors because whatever they offer will likely be available in either, or both, iTunes or Amazon MP3.

If you live in Japan, then you can find pretty much any anime soundtrack OST/opening/ending/insert song in the Amazon MP3 JAPAN store or if not there, the iTunes JAPAN store for purchase.
Note that I emphasize the JAPAN; you will likely NOT be able to find what you're looking for in an Amazon MP3 or iTunes store for a different country.
Although it pertains to the United States in particular, this link more or less explains the gist of why that is so.
However, there is a small amount of anime music you can find in a non-Japan iTunes/Amazon MP3 store. Here are couple examples that I have found in either, or both the U.S. Amazon MP3/iTunes Stores (but the trend seems to be that there is mainly J-Pop opening/ending songs, and very little instrumental OSTs):

Yui's "Again" from Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood
LiSA's "Crossing Field", "Shirushi", Eir Aoi's "Innocence", "Ignite" and a couple of other opening/ending songs from Sword Art Online 1 / 2
Most of Fairy Tail's opening/ending songs (NOT the OST though, unfortunately)
Hiroyuki Sawano's OST for Attack on Titan (nothing for Aldnoah Zero though) and Linked Horizon's "Guren no Yumiya" and "Jiyuu no Tsubasa"
Joe Hisaishi's complete OSTs for a couple of Miyazaki films including Spirited Away, Castle in the Sky and Princess Mononoke (iTunes only)

If you don't live in Japan, as the above link alludes to, then it is very difficult to truly legally obtain anime music via download.
Other than legally purchasing from the small library of anime songs available in your own country digitally from iTunes/Amazon MP3, (I know this defeats the purpose of your question of digitally obtaining anime music, but) unfortunately the only other option is to purchase physical CD's from various vendors like Amazon, CDJapan or some other CD distributor.
I will leave this link for you to read. It tells you ways to obtain Japanese music outside of Japan both physically and digitally.
You will notice that there is a trick involving buying Japanese gift cards from a middle-man like Japan Codes and then creating an iTunes Japan or Amazon Japan account, BOTH OF WHICH ARE ILLEGAL if you don't live in Japan because they require that you have a valid address in Japan.
I mention the gift cards because anybody looking into purchasing music from digital stores from countries that they don't live in will likely consider buying foreign gift cards, but since the question is about LEGAL methods, I wanted to make the point that it is technically illegal to do so if you don't live in the country that the gift card in question is for.

It's not illegal it's just against iTunes Terms of Service to lie to them about where you live. You aren't frauding them out of money in any way so there is no legal problems here, just chance they might close your account because you violated their terms.


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Why does Renge cosplay as Kisaragi Quon?
In episode 7 of Ouran, Renge cosplays (poorly) as Kisaragi Quon from RahXephon.

But why?
I suppose it could just be a throwaway reference, given that that Ouran and RahXephon are both Bones productions; I'm just wondering if there's any greater depth to it than that.

In the designs created by Akihiro Yamada, that were adapted by Hiroki Kanno for the anime, Quon is depicted wearing clothes with a very French motif (e.g. parasol, beret).

On the Vol.2 DVD release (used in France and Japan, but not in the initial U.S. and UK release), Yamada illustrated Quon wearing a frilly lace-trimmed dress and stockings, carrying a parasol for a goth loli look, which was inspired Old French Victorian style dresses.

The stereotypes mesh well with Renge, being a French "otaku."


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How does Giriko's 'Time Tells No Lies' Fullbring work?
I have read the wiki on his power but it still does not make sense to me. I would argue that the way Giriko's Fullbring works is very inconsistent, but am hoping for a decent explanation. The first time we see his power, he attaches a timer to a box while training Ichigo. The next time we see it, he shoots projectiles at Ginjo. The third time, he uses a dial on his shoulder to get massive (big and green like hulk it seemed to reference).
Question: How does his power actually work? Is there some link to each of this uses that I missed? Can you give me an answer that is not full of loopholes?

Judging by the way he states it, he can create "contracts" with set time limits.
The contracts seem to extend to anything and everything with a spirit.
as the fullbringers state "Everything has a soul". he makes a contract with the box to trap ichigo inside, the next is the energy, he makes a contract with the air to fire it at rapid speeds (energy) at ginjo, then finally after he is wearing his fullbring he makes a contract with his own body to become "invincible" as he states...
"Time tells no lies"
ie, within this set time period everything I say is true.
I don't have much to back this up with, it's just as logical as I could think of.

I think that his fullbring gives him the ability to make contracts about anything which makes him extremly strong. However, if he breaks or changes it, he will lose a body part. It is like a strong sword with double edges, at least logically.


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Which side is Yamato on?
In Naruto Chapter 677, Yamato reappears again after posing as fighting against the Great Shinobi Alliance and the Kages.
Which side is he on now currently? If he is on Madara's side, why? Was he brainwashed?

My guess is Genjutsu'd, but we'll have to wait to find out more :)

Unless Yamato has become vastly more powerful it hardly even matters, Naruto, Sasuke, Madara and the Hokages eclipse everyone else in power by such a huge margin now that it makes no real difference which side they're on.

It looks like Yamato was unconscious thus his body was being used as a tool by Zetsu like how Obito corpse is being used by black Zetsu.
So Yamato is on the side of the shinobi alliance.

Yamato is part of the shinobi alliance but currently being controlled by madara using genjutsu or probably something related to Hashirama's cells.
Remember that madara greatly desired to use Hashirama's cells in battle he definitely came up with a working idea to use Yamato who is compatible with Hashirama's chakra as a tool.


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Shouldn't the biju be allowed free if Naruto really wants to help them?
The tailed beasts are forced to serve shinobi, and in the four tails talk with Naruto, they obviously hate doing it. Son Goku asks Naruto what he would do, and he says he would want them to be partners with their jinchuuriku like bee and the hachibi. My question is, if Naruto really wants the solution best for the biju, shouldn't they be allowed to exist outside of the jinchuuriki? Even partnering with jinchuuriki is implying that the beasts cannot be trusted to themselves, which is a shinobi quality kurama hates. Granted, they will probably be used and may even run a rampage, but part of the deal is to get them to be "kinder," like the gyuuki now. In such a case, the humane thing is to ensure that they are "tamed" and then to let them be free, not restricted to a jinchuuriki, even if they are friends with that jinchuuriki.

You don't have to be a Jinchuuriki to befriend a Bijuu. According to Naruto, he wants to partner up with all the Bijuu, even though not all of them are sealed inside of him.
He can't really change his situation with Kurama since extracting Kurama from him will mean the he would die, however Naruto means that Shinobi and Bijuu can be allies/friends like Shinobi and other Shinobi.

Wouldn't that require all nations to be cooperative and friendly and not send shinobi to go after and capture the tailed beasts?
It would be possible after the Great War, but certainly wouldn't be likely since people fear these beasts. (From a realistic perspective)


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In Revolutionary Girl Utena, what is the metaphor of Nanami's egg?
Ikuhara had said it would be better if we didn't know, but I want to know. What is the meaning behind Nanami's egg? Especially when she wakes up from an apparent dream, and finds a smashed egg in her bedsheets.

Touga says to Nanami, towards the end of the episode:

Do you know why we've been able to live together so happily? It's because you aren't the type of girl who lays eggs. I pity the family of a girl who would betray them like that.

So it can't be that the egg is simply an indication of the beginning of Nanami's menstrual cycles: there's nothing socially unacceptable per se about girls having periods. Rather, Touga's comments suggest "deviant" behaviour. Presumably this is something sexual: Nanami produces an egg, and Anthy "wonders who the father is", after she says that Nanami might have laid an egg.
Thus, it's possible that the egg takes on the meaning of an undesirable pregnancy: Nanami feels forced to abandon it, and the egg is found shattered one morning.
However, the concerns Nanami picks up before she talks to Touga can evoke anxiety over puberty.

She wakes up in bed one day and notices an egg---similar to how a girl might notice her menstrual blood out of the blue. (This could perhaps be similar to the discovery of a pregnancy, but it wasn't an immediate connection for me.)

Nanami also doesn't know what is going on and is as a result scared. I'm not sure if ignorance about menstruation was common in the 1990's though.

Nanami becomes convinced that it's normal for girls to produce eggs. She then worries that she'll be mocked for not laying an egg earlier. When Nanami mishears Juri's words and believes Juri has produced eggs since the age of seven, she thinks Juri is very "mature". This parallels the linkage of puberty to a desirable sort of maturity and anxieties about the normalcy of one's body.
However, this could just as easily be about sex (rather than puberty). (Having sex can be associated with maturity; one might feel abnormal for not having had any.)

I would avoid trying to impart too much meaning to the egg (since there's nothing that entirely fits), but we can thus at least safely say that it is linked to sex (and being initiated into it) and possibly puberty. (Note that sex and puberty can be linked. For instance, one is "mature" not just for having a developed body, but also for having sex.)

Nanami's Egg isnt any single thing but is instead a representation of the difficult nature that a growing woman experiences.
In a sense her egg is her menstruation starting.
No one talked to her about it, so when it happened her first reaction was panic. "Is there something wrong with me?"
She does not want to talk to others about it because what if it isnt normal? She later does not want to talk to her friends about it because what if it IS normal and it was supposed to happen sooner?
In a sense her egg is pregnancy
Her brother mentions they can live their life well because "she isn't the kind of girl to lay an egg"
Shame on a girl who lays an egg! The scrambling of eggs here can be interpreted as getting an abortion. "If juri has eggs then..." and then the egg scrambles by men.
The egg is her virginity/sexuality
This is best illustrated by the scenes where men are provocatively eating eggs. While in some ways this can be interpreted as aborting unplanned pregnancy, the method in which it is depicted is also suggestive. Miki looks embarrassed by talking of eggs earlier, and these could indicate that that its the loss of virginity.
The Egg is Masturbation
She runs into Saionji out in the woods "making his eggs" because it was such a nice night. Wile Juri is talking about bowling balls, she talks about how fun it is and how she has tons of different weights and sizes at home.
Ultimately the Egg represents Taboo Topics and how it feels to be a woman
Combining the above concepts and imagry along with the scene in the woods where she finds her egg and its massive with spotlights, it indicates that the egg can mean a lot of things and that when you are young and dont understand whats happening, these feel like huge problems looming over you. Its a massive egg everyone can see.
Finally the egg that is broken is her loss of innocence
Which is a common theme rolled in with things like this. The understanding that life is complicated and there are these struggles against society that maybe shouldn't even be there is impactful. This broken egg is her coming to terms with this.

That episode was . . . weird, as weird as when Nanami became a cow.
Anyway, my interpretation of it was based on the fact that the episode "Nanami's Egg" falls into the Akio Ohtori Saga. This is roughly two thirds of the Apocalypse Saga. The content is more sexually suggestive in this saga: scenes involving Akio's car seemed to always be sexually suggestive, with his, Touga's and Kyouichi's shirts opening partway through the ride or when posing for photos, and Kozue's first sexual experience was in the back of that car with Ruka Tsuchiya.
Because of this I got the impression that the episode represented Nanami entering puberty as we  know that women to begin produce eggs during puberty. She begins to fret over the discovery of an egg in her bed probably because she hasn't been taught about puberty. When she accepts it and raises the egg, I took this as the transition of Nanami growing up from a girl to a woman/mother.

That's a good theory! Maybe when she wakes up to find the cracked egg in her bed, it's symbolic of a miscarriage or abortion.

@Hydrocity good point, also considering Nanami's feeling to Touga, mentally she may think of the egg as her's and Touga's so it breaking may reflect a "broken child", a miscarriage or an society forced abortion because of how the child is incest (remember that Nanami and Touga still share the same parents but Nanami doesn't remember that they both were adopted)

Nanami's egg is the sign both literally and figuratively of her becoming a woman. Her egg is her period.

What makes you say this? Can you point to elements of the show that favor this interpretation?

FWIW the egg can't merely represent womanhood or menstruation, given Touga's negative comments about laying eggs.


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What does Headphone Actor represent or mean?
On the 6th episode of Mekakucity Actors, there was a scene where Takane was directed by, presumably, her own voice to escape the city, which was falling apart. Now, there was a similar scenario in the song the episode was based on with the same title in the Kagerou Project, which was what the entire anime is based on.
I'm not sure I understand what the purpose of this is. Because it doesn't seem like it's real. The city she lives in is not literally falling apart, I don't think. Otherwise everyone else would have died. So it must be symbolic for something. Am I missing anything here? What is the purpose of the song and the scene in that particular episode?

For what it's worth, I expect that this will be explained in at least a little more detail later on in the series.

Well I thought that the Kagerou Project itself ended and was curious if there's something I missed. Because I didn't get any explanation from the songs themselves. Unless there's more story related stuff from the manga/ln/anime not in the songs.

The song series is over, yes, but the manga/LNs/anime expand a lot on the songs. (They kind of have to... if the 22 songs were really all there was to the series, you wouldn't have material for 5+ light novels.)

The town falling apart isn't 'symbolic' of anything. The story premise was that since she was brought into the Haze artificially she got looped in with Hibiya and Hiyori's Haze the same way Haruka/Konoha did. Hence the line from the song "Rioting people, a sobbing girl…" which is accompanied by the image of the classic blue and pink spots that normally represent Hibiya and Hiyori.
The town falling apart was the end of the loop she had entered during and because she was artificially stuck into their loop she wasn't going to enter the second loop in the same manner of repetition that Hibiya would. It is stated in the song Kagerou Days "With that, like a cricket’s sound being disturbed, the light blue of summer darkened away…" Hibiya basically just passes out and wakes up with the previous day repeating.
Because Hibiya followed the standards of normally entering the Haze, the loop was customized to him. Takane/Ene would have to go through the day and upon the town falling apart she would wake up the next day in the same situation in the same spot as the day before to continue the loop. The crumbling town was the destruction of that specific loop that would carry into the next loop upon rebuilding the area from the beginning.
The reason that this wasn't repetitively shown is that she exited the Haze before the loop completely ended, and through which she entered the computer and then the story continues into Ene's Cyber Journey (Ene no Dennou Kikou).


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What was wrong with Presea Testarossa?
During the original series of Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha, on occasion when Presea Testarossa was alone she would cough up blood with more being coughed up as time went on apparently getting weaker as well. She also commented that she was running out of time to collect the Jewel Seeds to reach Al-Hazard leading her having to push forward with her plans before getting all the Jewel Seeds.
In the movies it's revealed that Alicia died from a prototype energy generator meltdown that Presea was developing so at first i thought that she was suffering from injuries from the accident she survived however the accident was in in 0039 and the Jewel Seed Incident was in 0065 so Presea had been alive for 26 years so she would have recovered by then.
So i am wondering, what was wrong with Presea? also when she said she was running out of time, was she referring to her own life running out or Alicia's preserved state?

This is part speculation from me but I always thought that the exposure to the generator meltdown gave her something like radiation sickness.  So she had a disease that progressed making her sicker and sicker until 0065.

Yes, whatever happened with the reactor probably caused it.  I don't think radiation poisoning is the exact condition, if only because an advanced, experimental technomagical mana reactor shouldn't be using nuclear fission, but the symptoms and progression seem to match media portrayals of that — and of tuberculosis, more closely; the "beautiful pallor", the exhaustion, and coughing up blood were originally markers, in prose and poetry, then later in film, of what was generally referred to as "consumption".  Tuberculosis is no longer a major killer in the developed world, but its symptoms remain in media as the go-to nonspecific slow, wasting death.
As for the time factor, I think her disease was the determiner there; Alicia wasn't going to get any more dead.  Whatever the actual cause of her illness, I believe that it was exacerbated by her throwing herself into Project Fate; as you say, she spent 22 years on that before Fate herself was decanted, presumably working at all hours and neglecting her health; she probably knew she was dying slowly before she realized Fate wasn't Alicia and moved to her mad attempt to reach Al-Hazard.  She gave Linith a hard (and near-impossible) deadline by which to build Bardiche and train Fate as a top-flight combat mage, so she certainly knew she had little time by then.


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What is the meaning of the animal "models" of the Cursed Girls?
In black bullet, the initiators are all cursed girls, and every one of them have an "animal model". Tina is an owl model, Enju is a rabbit model, and so on.
Is it just a classification to sum up the abilities? Doesn't seem so, since Yuzuki can spin webs (although maybe they are artificial webs) but definitely Midori's cat ears are not artificial.
The several gastrea are also referred to as animal models (spider, ant, etc). Is there any relation between gastrea and animal DNA in the source material?

Each version of the Gastrea virus is representative of a different type of animal, and that dictates the 'model' of that particular Gastrea. For example, the first human we see succumb to the virus in episode one transforms into a spider, and as such is a spider model:

"The yellow and black spotted pattern of his body would certainy raise a visceral aversion in any human. It was a huge spider.
But the little girl neither ran away, not screamed - she just calmly got ready. Suddenly, she heard a voice coming from out of nowhere.
'Gastrea confirmed - model: spider, stage I. Engaging in battle!'"
Black Bullet Light Novel, Volume 1

As all Initiators are cursed children, by definition they carry a particular strain of the Gastrea virus with it's own animal DNA, providing them with an animal model. While each model is named solely from the animal DNA their version of the Gastrea virus contains, that DNA often affects the abilities of the initiator, providing unique bonus affects alongside the usual cursed children abilities of extreme agility and regeneration. These bonus affects are in line with the animal of their particular model.
For example:

Enju Aihara - Rabbit model:
Much like a rabbit, the majority of her strength is concentrated in her legs, and she fights with mostly kicks.
Yuzuki Katagiri - Spider model:
She has the ability to release a very thin spider web string from her fingertip, invisible to the naked eye. These webs can stick to several surfaces.
Tina Sprout - Owl model:
She can see incredibly well, both at long distances and in the dark, shown in both her fight with Rentaro and her assassination attempt on Seitenshi.
Midori Fuse - Cat model:
Midori has the ability to extend her nails to form prominent claws, which are keen enough to slice though solid objects, including the metal in rifles.

As for Midori's cat ears, this is explained as an unusual reaction where the Gastrea virus affects the host body more readily, causing a partial transformation.


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Where was Araragi when he helped Tsubasa Tiger?
So Araragi jumps out of a portal and saves Tsubasa from the History Tiger while carrying the Kaii slaying sword...
I thought it was after traveling back to the present (Mayoi Jiangshi) but he just came back normally and he didn't even use the sword.
I've watched up to Hitagi End and I don't see where that scene fits in.

The timeline between the start of Mayoi Jiangshi and the end of Tsubasa Tiger is a huge mess. See also: http://anime.stackexchange.com/q/4695/1908 (but be wary of spoilers).

@senshin Put it as an answer so I can accept.

According to the question senshin linked, the story Shinobu Mail in Owarimonogatari Vol. 2 takes place during this time period, so the answer probably lies there.

You didn't miss anything; the Second Season anime never shows us what happened to Koyomi during the time period of Tsubasa Tiger after the end of Shinobu Time.
In the novels, though, there is a Third Season of stories which take place during the same timeframe as the Second Season. The Third Season hasn't been adapted to anime yet, although it may well be in the future, since they made Tsukimonogatari against my expectations.
Suruga Devil is chronologically the last story in the Monogatari series, but the Third Season explains what Ougi's deal is and shows us what was going on behind the scenes during the Second Season, including what happened to Koyomi after Shinobu Time. I haven't read the Third Season novels, but according to the Bakemonogatari wikia, the story Shinobu Mail from Owarimonogatari Volume 2 covers this period. It takes place between Shinobu Time (which was immediately after Mayoi Jiangshi, and also overlapped with Tsubasa Tiger) and Ougi Formula, the first story of Owarimonogatari. You can read a thorough summary of Shinobu Mail on the wikia; I'll just summarize how it bridges the gap between Shinobu Time and the end of Tsubasa Tiger.

 In return for her help during Shinobu Time, Gaen Izuko asks Koyomi to help her deal with an ancient kaii which seems to have a connection to Shinobu. This is why the vampire hunter Episode was in town to meet Tsubasa on the street during Tsubasa Tiger: he was hired by Izuko to help with this job. Izuko also has Koyomi summon Suruga. Suruga meets Koyomi at Eikou Cram School. They have a confrontation with the ancient kaii, which ends when Kako sets fire to the building. Shinobu and Black Hanekawa arrived during Tsubasa Tiger just in time to see the building burning. Shinobu and Black Hanekawa fight a strange creature in the park, after which they get separated. Koyomi and Suruga meet up with Shinobu. It turns out that the ancient kaii in samurai armor is Shinobu's first servant, mentioned in Kizumonogatari. After a climactic confrontation with him, Koyomi sets off with Kokorowatari to save Tsubasa from Kako, leading to the end of Tsubasa Tiger.

So the short answer is that Koyomi was off on a job for Izuko between Shinobu Time and the final scene of Tsubasa Tiger. He was beat up when he rescued Tsubasa because he'd just finished with another battle.

Hmmm, looks like this was omitted in the anime.

@Maroon It's from Owarimongatari, which is part of the Third Season, which hasn't been adapted to anime yet. The Third Season novels pretty much all seem to have their timelines interleaved with the Second Season; Suruga Devil is chronologically the last story even when you factor in the Third Season. I'll add that to the answer since I can see I was super unclear.

Owarimonogatari has now been adapted to anime and contains the story Shinobu Mail as its third arc.

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Parasyte anime 20 years after the manga finished - Why?
My question is Why?
Most manga that have anime adaptions get them while they are still on-going (even if the manga ends during the initial anime run.)
Can anyone give/think of a reason why they suddenly made this after 20 years?
Edit: Glad they did though, its might be my favourite anime.

I looked at Hitoshi Iwaaki's (the mangaka of Parasyte) Wikipedia page and none of his works had been adapted into an anime. Maybe he wasn't a "hot" mangaka back then and the fact that hidden gems such as Parasyte got discovered and animated probably means that his other works (Historie comes to my mind) may also receive the same treatment in the near future.

@AbhishekBakshi I've removed your comment because it didn't add anything relevant to the discussion (not to say your opinion isn't relevant, but to the point in question no value was added by it), and contained massive spoilers for viewers/readers.

Because they felt like it. Simple as that. Though the Parasyte Live action movies have been in development hell for years, so the anime might have simply been a marketing tool to get people interested in the movies since the Manga is pretty old, and even the reprint edition (from 2006 or so) can be kind of hard to find.


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How was Zetsu able to identify the Asura and Indra transmigrants over the years?
How did Zetsu know that Madara was Indra's reincarnation ?

Zetsu was created by Kaguya. Essentially, he was her will, ensuring her revival. The Uchiha and Senju clans originated from Kaguya. So I'm pretty sure he'd be able to tell.

this answeres why but not how :D

authors: سید محمد حسین پیروی حسینی


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Can someone explain the story of Space Battleship Yamato 2199?
I understand that Yurisha was sent to earth to deliver the construction plans for the wave motion engine and also Sasha to give them the wave motion power core but why did they do it separately? I mean Yurisha also could have delivered the plans together with the core...
The Gamilas empire expands and exterminates many other planets not only the earth.
So why would Starsha want to help humanity? Moreover she and her 2 sisters are the only 3 remaining of her species. Also what would happen if the earth gets restored? The Gamilas just would have continued their attacks and bombs. If the Yamato didn't save the capital of Gamilas and killed their leader the earth would be still attacked sooner or later by the empire. But Starsha couldn't know that this would happen so her plan to help the humans and risk the lives of her sisters doesn't make much sense to me.


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Is the extra person always someone related to class 3-3?
I havent dig too deep, but I think the extra person in all the years when the calamity happens is someone already related to the class 3-3.
Is it true?

Isn't it already confirmed at the start of the story that the calamity always happen in class 3-3?

Yes, as far as I remember, this is confirmed at the beginning of the manga.
Class 3-3 has been the 'cursed' class since 1972

 Every year since class 3-3 has had an 'Extra' person in the class from the original year, who doesn't realise they are already dead.

The Another Wikia is a good source of information on the series.


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In Episode 9 of Steins;Gate, why did Feris's message affect the past?
Whose phone was connected to the microwave? Who did her message reach to change it, and if she kept it a secret, how did they know whose phone to use on the microwave? Am I forgetting/missing something?

The mistake you're making is that the phone attached to the microwave is irrelevant—any phone is okay.
The phone that matters is the phone that the microwave phone sends the message to.
The message is sent to Faris's father, Yukitaka Akiha.
The reason could be classed as spoilers, so make sure you watch the show first.

 Yukitaka died in a plane crash several years before the events of Steins;Gate. He was the only victim of the crash. However, his daughter later uses a D-Mail to save his life, by making him believe she was kidnapped and forcing him to take the bullet train instead.

Her message was sent back in time to her father's phone. The message she sent changed the fact that he had gotten on the plane and died. Without her father in the picture, she sparked the existence of the moe culture in the city. But with her father in the equation, she had never sparked the moe‑ization of the city.

Here's a quote from the Steins Gate wiki regarding the message sent back:

She joined in episode 9, recruited by Rintarou because she wanted to make a D-Mail to avoid her father's death.

I believe it ended up taking out May Queen (the cafe) and replaced it with some other store. The Akiba district was also heavily influenced by the D-Mail.
Answering your question of who sent it, I believe Faris sent it herself.
Here's a discussion on the episode that you might want to check out as well.
Source: http://steins-gate.wikia.com/wiki/Faris_Nyannyan

I think OP knows that Faris sent the D-mail. The question is, who received it? A D-mail must be received by someone in the past (and that person must read it and take action on it) in order for it to cause Okabe to change worldlines.


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What was Tohsaka doing watching the dojo lately?
It was mentioned in episode 1 of Ufotable's Fate/Unlimited Blade Works that Tohsaka used to go to the archery dojo to watch someone. Was she secretely watching Shirou because she had a crush on him (but how?) or was she looking out for Sakura? Did Tohsaka know of Sakura's feelings for Shirou?

I would assume it was because of Sakura. She knew full well of the dealing between her father and the Matous, and it's revealed in Heaven's Feel that despite Sakura's changed appearance (due to the brutal abuse Sakura suffered), she still knew Sakura was her sister.
For comparison's sake, this is how different Sakura looks before and after she was adopted.

(Left - Pre-adopted Sakura. Right - Post-adopted Sakura)
Also Rin turned up at the dojo after Shirou left, so we can rule him out. The only other person in the club Rin has a relationship with is Ayako Mitsuduri, so it could be her. Nevertheless, Rin cares very deeply for Sakura despite the deal between their families, and I think I remember her mentioning she could only watch Sakura from afar and would have rather protected her if she had the chance.

According to this post, Tohsaka stopped going to the dojo when that someone stopped going there. Was Tohsaka watching over Sakura to protect her from her abusive brother Shinji, or was she secretly observing Sakura and Shirou and hope they develop into a relationship so Sakura will be happy, and at the same time hope they don't because Tohsaka also has some feelings for Shirou since the bar jump event?

@GaoWeiwei i can't remember if Rin mentions she too saw Shirou at the Bar Jump Event but i'll double check the prologue to see if Rin mentions if she stopping going after Shirou's accident but i assumed she still went there on occasion for Sakura's sake.

however being a serious Magus of a prestigious family she has to select a future husband who will allow her to have a child that will carry in the linage and in the prologue she mentions that she knew one other family who could enter the war but their heir was no good (to which i assumed she meant Shinji sine Kiritsugu was an illegal Magus in the city having to contacted her as the Second Owner) so she wouldn't develop feelings for him too deeply before finding out he was a Magus

+1, I also assumed it was because of Sakura. I got the vibe that Rin was initially interested in Shirou only because of how close he was with Sakura.

According to episode 22 of Fate/Stay Night: Unlimited Blade Works, Rin saw Shirou practising bar jump one day after school, which she kept as a secret. I'm convinced that besides Sakura, Tohsaka also secretly observed Shirou at the dojo, wanting to know more about someone she admired.

@Gao I have just went through the prologue again, Rin was invited to the Dojo by Ayako when Rin arrived at school earlier than usual. she also mentions she has 3 acquaintances there, one is Ayako and she says one you should actually call an acquaintance but doesn't name who (could be Shinji but not an acquaintance could also refer to Sakura since they are sisters). she also mentions she first became friends with Ayako after watching the dojo from afar though I can't confirm when this was in comparison to when she first saw Shirou and when he quit the dojo

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What technique did Lord Mu use to escape Gaara's sealing sand in the Fourth Shinobi War?
He used that technique to escape from the sealing . But later on he is unable to use some techniques. What happen during the sealing?

The technique used by Lord Mū was the Fission Technique.

This technique allows Mū to literally split his own body into two identical yet entirely independent duplicates of himself.

Though it might seem to be as same as the Clone Technique ,

the ability is instead a physical separation and so does not require hand seals to activate, making it faster in comparison as a result. This also means that even if one is incapacitated, the other remains completely unaffected and as neither can truly be regarded as the original, the duplicates cannot be dispelled like normal clones.

As a result of being split into to two entities ,

However, while split, Mū's power is halved and as such he is unable to use more complex techniques like his Dust Release kekkei tōta.

Later on :

Unable to remove the seal so he could reunite with his other half, Mū was made to begin summoning "that" reincarnation. Due to his weakened state, it took longer for Mū to complete the summoning.

"that" here refers to Madara Uchiha.

Mu used a technique during the Tsuchikage's attack, where he split his body into 2. This technique cause his power to be split into 2 as well, causing him unable to cast jutsu afterwards. The one that Kazekage sealed was one half of him, while the other half ran away and later summoned Uchiha Madara.


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Difference between a code and geass?
Code seems to be obtained after your geass upgrades to full power and you kill a code bearer. What happens to your geass after you obtain the code? Do you lose your geass? Is code an extra power? What is the difference between these two?

When the Code is obtained, the one who obtains it seems to lose their Geass Powers. We see this happen with C.C in her flashbacks as beforehand she had the Geass Power to make everyone love her. In the scene where we last see with her Geass her Geass is now uncontrollable before the Nun admits she tricked C.C, from then on we see C.C's Geass Sigals on her forehead instead of in her eyes.
We can assume the same thing happened with Charles. At the end of the first season he uses his Geass to manipulate Lelouch's memories but he didn't have V.V's Code yet as later on in the second season when Cornelia infiltrate's the Order's Base she throws a knife at V.V seemingly killing him until he gets up and takes the blade out of his head. However at the Sword of Akasha after Charles "comes back to life" he doesn't once uses his Geass on Lelouch.
We also know that the Code doesn't have to be given/received willingly. The Nun who gave C.C the Geass powers forced her to take the code (though we are unsure how) and in the second season as C.C is about to reach the Twilight Gate V.V is seen wounded saying Charles "stole" his code
In terms of what the Code Bearer gains, from observations we see:

Ability to create contracts with others to bestow Geass
Immunity to Geass
Immortality

There is another power we only see once in the first season and used by C.C at the Battle of Narita where C.C feeds Suzaku "shock images" to immobilize him. However I am unsure if this is a power related to the Code or a natural power C.C has as neither V.V nor Charles demonstrates such a power.
Also, the Twilight Gates can be accessed by anyone who has Geass or the Code as Charles is seen at the Sword of Akasha without V.V with him at the beginning of the second season (where he first shows Suzaku the Sword of Akasha saying it's a weapon to slay God)

V.V. does show the similar power, setting a trap for C.C. & Lelouch on Kamine island. C.C. herself does admit that it is similar to what she's shown to Suzaku once Lelouch asks about it

@NikitaNeganov however as it's mentioned it was a trap and we don't see V.V there himself when it goes off where as C.C had to physically touch to use it. given the Geass Order's own understanding of Geass the trap may have been some sort of device as the Order does go to make Geass Devices like the Geass Canceler

althouth it was not the order who created Geass Canceller, it was Clovis's R2 division under Gen. Bartley and they knew nothing about Geass Order, as Gen. Bartley indicates in his last moments

A geass is a supernatural power, like Lelouch's ability to command people to do things, or Charles's ability to rewrite people's memories. A code is a, uh, different supernatural doohickey that 1.) makes you immortal; and 2.) allows you to grant geasses to other people.

What happens to your geass after you obtain the code? Do you lose your geass?

Yes, you lose your geass.
Recall that C.C.'s geass was the power to make people love her. Once the nun passed her code on to C.C., she lost her geass - if she still had the power to make people love her, surely she would not have been tormented and treated as a witch by the people of her time. Similarly, V.V., another code-bearer, shows no signs of having a geass.

A code and a geass are two different things.
A code grants immortality and eternal youth and allows the person to give geass powers to others.
A geass is a power which differs from person to person. It's said that it is the expression of the utmost inner desire of the person with the geass. Examples are mind control, mind reading, altering memories, forcing people to love you, etc.
when a geass user uses his geass a lot it grows "stronger", which means that after a while he can no longer turn it off and it will be active at all times. if it gets even stronger it will affect the second eye of the user and from then on he can take the code from a code bearer, rendering the former code bearer mortal.
There's a lot of disinformation about this online, but the anime is actually very clear on this:

When you get a code, you lose your geass. This was shown to be the case for C.C., Charles, V.V. and the nun from C.C.'s backstory (those last 2 never displayed any geass, and since they have the code it means their geass must have been constantly active in both eyes, and yet we don't see their geass, therefore it's gone). There are no exceptions for this in the lore. And Charles even explicitly says "I've gained a new power IN PLACE OF geass".
Transferring the code does NOT kill the former code bearer, it merely makes them mortal again. The nun was lying in a pool of blood because she committed suicide after regaining her mortality. V.V. was still alive for quite a while when Charles had his code.
Killing the former code bearer is NOT a requirement to get the code. C.C. herself had been severely injured by the nun (to force a dilemma on her "accept my code and live, or refuse and die") and was lying on the floor bleeding, she was in no shape to kill the nun. V.V. wasn't killed by Charles, he eventually succumbed to his injuries sustained in battle with Cornelia and Lelouch.

Codes serve as the connection to The World of C, and have enough "power" themselves to enact physical changes to the world ala Regeneration and their soul returning to their bodies. Geass is a manifestation of the users soul plus "power", the bridge between it and their codes getting larger as more "power" is transferred. Once it grows large enough it can "suck" the code through the link. This is probably accidental, with the original owners not wanting to die otherwise why would they seek immortality. The codes can do more than the automatic abilities looking at C.2's telepathy(?) but this knowledge was lost with their original bearers and has to be rediscovered on their own (thus why V.V can't).


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Do seniority relations among the fleet girls have any basis in properties of the actual ships?
I notice, for example, that the Akagi and the Kaga both began construction in 1920, and they're portrayed as being more senior than the Fubuki, the Mutsuki, and the Yuudachi, all of which only began construction later on.
Is this a reasonably consistent pattern among the other fleet girls? Or is it more or less arbitrary which girls are portrayed as being senior to others? (Or is it not arbitrary, but based on something else entirely, like ship class?)

I always assumed it was an 'age' thing.

A few points that rule out ship age as a deciding factor:

The Nagato and the Mutsu are the secretary ships of the fleet and hold highest seniority, yet the construction of the four Kongou-class battleships had all been completed at least five years beforehand. The Kongou-class were all originally battle cruisers, which is a possible reason for their lower seniority assuming it's based on ship class, as the Nagato-class were dreadnoughts, and the Nagato often served as flagship IRL.
The Ashigara and the other three Myoukou-class heavy cruisers are depicted as teachers. However, every single Mutsuki-class destroyer was completed around 4-5 years before them, and they're Ashigara's students in the show.
The Ooyodo light cruiser was completed in 1943, well after most other ships in the fleet, but works with Nagato and Mutsu, which is likely because she was originally intended as a command vessel for submarine operations and briefly served as flagship of the Combined Fleet before being sunk.
The Shimakaze was also older than the Mutsu.

Given the other references to real-life attributes of the various ships and their histories (e.g. the Sendai fought all of her battles at night, hence her character's obsession therewith), I would guess fleet seniority is handled based on ship roles in the actual Combined Fleet, which would roughly follow ship class just because of the different capabilities/stats of each.
The information of the ships are referenced from Wikipedia