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How did humans learn how to kill Titans?
In Attack on Titan, how did humans learn the Titans' weak spot? How was it that they learned how to kill Titans?

Was it through experiments with live, captured Titans?

The only example I could think of where humans successfully captured live Titans and managed to get them within the walls was when they captured Sawney and Bean. But, during the time they had Sawney and Bean up until their untimely deaths, humans were already actively aware of the Titans' weak spots, which was the back of their necks (which could be cut/sliced/attacked).
I am rewatching Attack on Titan now and am currently on Episode 1. I may have overlooked something the first time I watched (hence I am rewatching it) but I am quite positive this might not have been answered.
So how exactly did humans learn/discover how to kill Titans? I still don't quite understand this. Manga answers are perfectly acceptable. ;)

That's a very good question. I don't think it was explained (yet), but it's likely as you've described, through experimentation with captured titans.

I'd assume that it was due to some combination of luck and experimentation, but I haven't read the manga and this definitely wasn't in the anime.

I have read manga until a while ago, and I can be sure that it wasn't mention how the human knows the titans' weak point. It is only mentioned as knowledge taught in school.

The answer is in the manga "Shingeki no Kyojin Before the Fall" about seventy years before the actual story. I think it was discovered by the same person who invented the 3dmg.
But I still can't give a good answer since I only got up to chapter 8.

Your question is partly answered in the 17th chapter of the Manga SHINGEKI NO KYOJIN - BEFORE THE FALL.
This answer is a SPOILER for anyone who hasn't read the manga after chapter 16.

 In this chapter, Instructor Jorge recalls the last Survey Corps expedition before their dissolution, before the beginning of the current story. He recalls the tests done on the captured titan. These tests of theirs sealed with finding the weaknesses, if any, of the titans, by hacking into their bodies with weapons made of Iron Bamboo. They discovered that their lower part of the body (limbs), and the head wasn't their weakness. Then they were interrupted by the onset of other titans from the South and the West.
 Here, the chapter ends and as the next chapter hasn't been released yet, we don't know how they got to know about the weak point.
 What we do know is that Angel Altonnen killed Mammon (a titan) using The Device (a prototype of 3DMG) and discovered the weak point.

I will update the answer as soon as more information is revealed....

Can you update your answer with what happened in the next chapter, if it's relevent?

I wasn’t able to read much after this chapter, so I’ll try to update this in a couple of days.

The titans can sometimes be killed with canons if they hit the weak spot. It would be reasonable to presume that while they could not kill enough with canons to due to the regeneration, they could see the occational fatality and pass the information on.  Some inventive mind would then create a more efficient way to target that spot. I believe after the battle for Trost they specify how many are killed by canon. But don't have a means right now to look it up.

Edit:  In manga chapters killing titans by shooting them with shells is explicitly mentioned by Armin in the battle of Trost and in one of the diagrams discussing the different between grape shot and regular shot.  In addition:

 We learn there are individuals who erased memories of all other humans.  It is very possible that nobles with more information about the origins of titans revealed this info to those with the erased memories while holding other information back.

Here's an updated answer to your question. Note that this will contain spoilers from the manga Shingeki no Kyojin: Before the Fall and I'm confident this is accurate as of Volume 14 of the mentioned manga, which was where I stopped reading. Also, the events in this manga occurred approximately 50-70 years before the breach in Shiganshina District in the main Shingeki no Kyojin manga.

Before the invention of the Vertical Maneuvering Equipment, the Survey Corps could only counter Titans using swords, rifles and bombs for close-combat and cannons for long-range. This was shown in Volume 2 of the manga. However, this was just a stopgap and the most it could do was delay the movements of or distract a Titan due to its fast regenerative abilities. The swords were initially made using a naturally-growing/wild plant called Iron Bamboo before it would be replaced with ultrahard steel after the final design of the Vertical Maneuvering Equipment was completed.

However,

 Angel Aaltonen, a craftsman, with the help of his assistant, Corina, and another craftsman, Xenophon Harkimo, were able to come up with an early model of the maneuvering equipment. This was mostly shown in Volumes 10-11 of the manga as Angel's flashbacks.  This equipment could only move vertically (upwards and downwards). Also, unlike the current maneuvering equipment which has a control grip at the handle of each sword, the control grip for the early model was in one hand while the other holds the sword.

How did they come up with this idea?

It was Corina who suggested on thinking up on a device that allows them to fight 'on equal terms' with Titans. So, the invention of the first maneuvering device happened, to make up for the height difference of a human and a Titan. But, during this time, they were still unaware of a Titan's 'weak spot.'

How, then, were they able to 'learn to kill' a Titan?

After Angel, Corina and Xenophon returned from the Industrial City where they made the first model of the maneuvering device, a Titan was able to get inside the gates of Wall Maria, which ate Corina. Angel, wanting revenge, first joined an expedition to attempt to capture a Titan and find its weaknesses. This almost ended in failure but with the death of his close friend, Sorum, who sacrificed himself by blowing up a Titan's head when he was about to be eaten, they witnessed how the Titan did not regenerate and die (they saw lots of smoke being emitted from the Titan's body before disappearing). They initially presumed that the weak point might be the head or somewhere in the throat and neck. To test this, another expedition was led in secret by the Survey Corps and this time, Angel himself was able to kill a Titan, the first human to do so using the early model of the maneuver device, but the credit was given to the then-captain of the Survey Corps, Jorge 'The Hero', despite Jorge himself not wanting to.

In Volume 6 Chapter 19,

Jorge mentioned that they were not sure of the exact location of the 'weak spot' but this was what he said: '..based on the way Angel delivered the killing blow, we can assume that it is somewhere on the back of the neck. Angel was able to confirm that it was not actually the throat, as we initially surmised..' Therefore, it was Angel who discovered the Titan's weakness but after this expedition, he would disappear for roughly a decade before being convinced by Sharle to go back and help finish the device.

In Volume 12,

during their journey back to the Industrial City in Xenophon's workshop, it was Sharle who suggested that the control grip be placed on a sword's handle.  After Sharle's suggestion, it took them one month to finalize the Vertical Maneuver Equipment's design and build it. Thus, mankind's first weapon that can actually kill Titans was finally finished.

To the one who retracted his upvote, I don't mind but I would greatly appreciate if you mention why (maybe errors, wrong information, confusing info, etc.) so that I can improve this post further. Thank you so much! :)

I am rewatching the anime currently, about half way through episode 5 there is a part in which Eren and others were in a class learning about titans. Their teacher started with "What little we know about their bodies , we learned from Recon corps most recent report "..and then he continues teaching them how are titans killed.
I haven't read the manga so I don't know about what's mentioned in the manga.

During one of the first encounters, a cadet was inspecting the body and thought to slice the back open, he missed and accidently cut the nape, when the Titan died, he reported it to his superiors, so the nape was found, this is said in the manga, can't remember where, hope this helps.

In the OVA "Ilse's Journal" Hanji/Hange tries to convince Erwin to let her capture another Titan, which is first refused due to the many squad members who had to die for a previous capture. It is not mentioned when that happened, but it makes sense to assume that a previous capture helped in learning how to kill a Titan - unfortunately also requiring Hange/Hanji to capture another one...

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Why doesn't Archer seem to have feelings for Rin?
So, I just watched Fate/Stay Night Unlimited Blade Works for the first time.

Archer is basically Shirou in the future of an alternative universe, right?

In the anime, Shirou mentions multiple times that he loves Rin or that he has strong emotions for her, at least. So why does Archer seem to be so "cold" towards Rin?
I mean, shouldn't he be at least a tiny bit attached to her in some way? Or did he really change THAT much as a person, that he doesn't feel romantic emotions towards her? (Well in the end he DOES save her so he seems to care about her in some way. But, it still feels like there is too much distance between them throughout the whole series)
I mean, technically, should Archer have had emotions for the Rin in "his reality" or not? What happened to her?
Sorry for all the questions. I will look for more content of the "Fate" series, but my curiosity is killing me and I may have missed something since it was the first time, watching that anime, for me. :D

Archer is a tsundere.

Archer's past is mysterious and largely unexplored.  We rarely get anything more than, say, a mention of pained regret upon seeing Illya.  His war was notably different from any of those in the game; he's not summoned into his own war, for example, and we're not told who Rin summoned instead.  So I'm not sure there's any way to give a well-sourced, canonical answer.  I could give what I'd consider a plausible explanation, the short of which is that he's a jaded, angry, paradox-obsessed, practical warrior that finds such things to just be a distraction.

Just clarifying, since it's not clear whether you're aware of this: Fate consists of multiple alternate timelines ("routes", if you will). In the one that was animated recently (Unlimited Blade Works) Shirou falls in love with Rin, yes. But in other routes, he doesn't -  sometimes he falls in love with Saber; sometimes with other people. It's very plausible that in Archer's own timeline, he didn't fall in love with Rin.

Piggybacking on what @senshin pointed out, this is pure speculation, but because of the path Archer took in his life, following his ideals to the point of self-destruction, I've always assumed his own war went more like the Fate route and he'd been in love with Saber.

@senshin  The VN does at various points make it clear that Shirou always had a crush on Rin, starting before the events of the VN took place. Crushes can come and go, but given that this is a VN and Archer is basically a servant because his life embodied the concept of refusing to let go of something when he clearly should, it remains plausible that these feelings might have been retained regardless.  I believe Nasu has said Archer did not hook up with any of the three FSN girls. Of course, Archer's timeline may have diverged from those in the Fate VN long before the VN starts, as well...

I think there’s a lot of hints that Archer actually cares about Rin and they’re bound to one another but not as a lover or romantic kind of love. It’s more like loyalty. He respected her as a servant respecting his master. The most remarkable moment I’d say is that in Episode 9 of ss2. Archer after was convinced by his old self,Shirou. And was beated (not physically but mentally) he then said “If she(Rin) was more of a heartless person, I’d not turn back to be my old self (who believes in Hero of Justice)” Hence, Tohsaka Rin plays huge part in Shirou development as a person and also as a human being who believes in his ideal heroism.
Archer isn’t cold to Rin if you watch the anime carefully, he just has ‘Kill Emiya Shirou’ as his first priority. To do so, he can’t let Rin help Shirou gets Saber back and remains the alliance between them. After his betrayal, he still protected Rin for multiple times. Making conditions with Caster, Shinji and Gillgamesh to postpone Rin executions.
Though, if I were to say, it’s not like there’s completely non-romantic moments of them. Sometimes Archer seems to attract Rin passionately by his sly personality and his looks as well. In fact, the reason why Archer doesn’t show any fascination towards Rin that much because 1. She’s 16-17 years old Tohsaka Rin, it was mentioned in both VN and Anime that Archer sees Rin as a child/ girl only. Not as a lady. 2. She already has the Shirou that is his present version beside her. It’s kinda weird to start Romance with your young master when your old self is already in love with her. Not to mention Archer has already decided to erase his existence by killing Shirou so why bothered? If he has feelings for Rin, it must hurt and is hard to leave without regrets. So... yeah.

I've watched both series and came up with the conclusion that Archer in the UBW is actually Shirou in the original Fate/stay night (the one that in love with Saber) because Archer in UBW actually tried to scold Saber as Rin was telling him. Also, he knows what Saber really motives for the grail, which Saber from the UBW did not tell Emiya.
So, in other words, UBW is not actually a route, but it is sequel for the original Fate/stay night.

I'm not sure about your statement that "UBW is not actually a route". While I don't play the game, I know that the original Visual Novel has 3 routes: Fate, UBW, and HF

I believe feelings for Rin were shown throughout the UBW route. Archer is cold to everyone, he tries to distance himself from others. Out of everyone in the entire anime, Archer has the best grasp on reality. He obviously respects Rin and cares for her. Usually I would judge these feelings as respect for your ally, and maybe even a friendship. But because he does have the identity of Shirou Emiya, we must assume he has feelings for her.

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Is Nanatsu No Taizai inspired from Ubel Blatt?
If you've read both manga, one could see that the two are quite similar. This similarity is not just limited to the characters but also as to how the story plays out (e.g. The Seven Deadly Sins and Lances of Betrayal).
Has there been any statement regarding this from any of the authors or staff working on the respective manga?
Or is it the case that this type of plotline is too common anyways?

These are not the only manga/anime to involve the Seven Deadly Sins. Other include: - Re: Zero kara hajimaru isekai seikatsu - Fullmetal Alchemist While it may seem similar, concepts of conspiracies to frame innocent are also a common occurence.

I read both, but besides a few overlaps on very rough concepts, like the ones you mention. I don't really think the stories are anything alike whatsoever.

@ManuelHoffmann there are more then a few overlaps. The OP ness of the MC, The main bad guy that seems is dead, turns out to be alive later etc. etc. The point of the question was that did either author work closely together to have these many similarities. It may be bias on my part, since it is known that sometimes similar stories are worked out independently, for example, White House Down and Olympus has Falled :x

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Are there more Titan Shifters unknown as of now?
These two pictures are taken from Attack on Titan Chapter 77:

In the first picture, the Beast Titan says:

 '...the coordinate from here'. Does this mean there are other colonies with people like those from the Reiss family who can control titans?

In the second picture, can we conclude that there are other titan shifters who fight against humanity?

This question is asked more due to there being interpretation problems than plot related details cause the original Japanese manga said: "ここで座標を奪還し　この呪われた歴史に終止符を打つ" which translates to what the scan said, but in a different sense, more of referring to it like in this mission 'here', instead of from this location 'here'. If he was referring to the location, he would have said ”ここから座標を奪還し　この呪われた歴史に終止符を打つ”, which really means from this location.

@AstralSea so its a translating error. But what about the second picture about the armour?

That means that there are more people outside the wall, though I am very sure that was made very clear previously when Annie had her flashback to her times with her father. Though I highly doubt they are all Titan shifters as transferring the armour means killing Reiner and allowing someone to drink his spinal fluid.

To answer your first question,

 Does this mean there are other colonies with people like those from the Reiss family who can control titans?  It would be enough to state that you don't need to be a member of the royal family to use the power of the Coordinate. You need to be a member of the royal family to use the coordinate's power optimally.  The reference being in chapter no. 50, Eren, while still in human form, used the power of the Coordinate to order titans to eat the Smiling Titan and attack the Armoured Titan.   In fact, any one can control the titans, as done by Eren, the royal family, using the coordinate, or by Zeke (beast titan), his method remaining unknown yet.   So, no, there doesn't need to be a colony with other people who know how to control the titans. But I won't be surprised if the mangaka came up with one.

For your second question,

 Can we conclude that there are other titan shifters who fight against humanity?   We can say that there are certainly many titans fighting against humanity, many of them have a certain level of intelligence, as shown by the quadruped titan carrying the goods, informing Zeke, Reiner, and Bertolt of the Survey Corp's advance in chapter 77.   As of now, there isn't enough information to definitely end the question by saying that there are no more titan shifters, the reason being that they can create one at any moment by devouring one of the existent titan shifters. The list of known titan shifters can be seen here.   So, as of now, I shall say that there isn't any other titan shifter shown/mentioned in the manga, other than those mentioned in the list.  Edit 1: According to the latest chapters, chp nos. 86-89 to be precise, there can be a total of 9 Titan shifters with special powers, whose powers can be transferred from one person to another by consuming their nervous system. Out of those 9 powers (8 people), 6 people fight against humanity. The two people in humanity's favor are Eren (Attack Titan, Founding Titan) and Armin (Colossal Titan).

According to chapter 86 (major spoilers ahead),

 Total of 9 shifters can exist simultaneously. At least seven of them can be enemies to "humanity" (not really correct word, according to recent info) at the moment. But controlling titans is also not really common ability. Eren has it, since most likely it is "ultimate titan control" ability, while Zeke has it due to heritage of royal blood.

For your first question,
Does this mean there are other colonies with people like those from the Reiss family who can control titans? The conversation you showed only implies that there is another colony (or colonies) outside of the Walls that aims to recover the Founding Titan. It does not immediately imply that said colony (or colonies) can control titans, only that they know of the Founding Titan and possibly its abilities.
Contrary to an earlier answer here, you need to be of royal blood to use the true power of the Founding Titan. In Chapter 106, it was mentioned that Eren was only able to use the Titan Control when his hand came into contact with the titan Dina Fritz.  Not just anyone can control titans as the power is 'locked' unless the possessor is of royal blood or is in contact with a person of royal blood. Also, not just anyone can inherit the 9 titan-shifters as only Subjects of Ymir can be turned to titans via injection and possess or inherit them. Even if a titan-shifter dies, they are inherited by another person born after the previous possessor who must also be a Subject of Ymir, and not just by some random person.
For your second question,
Can we conclude that there are other titan shifters who fight against humanity? This matters depending on the perspective. Based on that conversation, you can only conclude that there are other people which seem to have the same objective and goal as Zeke and the other honorary Marleyans sent to recover the Founding Titan. For Marleyans, they see Eldians as a threat to humanity because of the suffering they experience in the past under the Eldian empire, hence there desire to take away the titan-shifter powers from them. For Eldians, they see Marley as a threat to humanity because of how they keep on trying to kidnap Eren, their biggest hope in fighting back against the titans. Are they really fighting for humanity or are they just fighting for their own survival?


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Why did Historia's mother hate and reject her?
Other than her being a bastard child, was any reason given as to why Historia's mother hated her and disowned her?

The reason was that Historia is Rod Reiss's child. Since Historia was his child, she has the ability to obtain the abilities of the Coordinate and use them to the fullest. This was the reason that the Military Police's First Interior Squad had to murder Historia and her mother in order to ensure that power would not fall into the hands of people the central government could not control.
Therefore, Alma hated Historia as Historia's existence would lead to her death.

Historia Reiss - She carried deep resentment towards her daughter, even more so before Kenny slit her throat, as Historia's existence is the reason she had to die.

Another answer is that some women simply cant handle it and reject their first child. Having a baby can be stressful, for the mind and body, in Alma's case unable to cope with the fact that she had gone through something so painful and stress inducing,the fact is she probably only had Historia in the first place in hopes of becoming a Reiss, there for, never seeing her daughter as anything more than a tool to use in the beginning also plays into this. Afterwards she sent away instead of getting what she wanted. Causing her to out right reject the object of which these stress inducing events were caused by, A.K.A Historia.
In short, the woman's a total bitch who shouldn't have had kids in the firstplace, and is blaming a 10yr old so she can feel better about it.

She trapped and married a rich man like Lord Reiss for her own personal gain. Finally, when she didn’t get what she wanted, she blamed it on her poor, innocent child.
Also, Lord Reiss is equally guilty.


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In episode 20 of Attack on Titan, how does the Female Titan have 3D Maneuver Gear after regaining human form?
I remember someone saying (not sure which episode, though probably the same) that Eren lost his 3D Maneuver Gear after exiting his Titan form. I also remember seeing that myself, after exiting his titan form every time except the 2nd time he does (He had no gear on him, then, to begin with). So how was the girl inside the Female Titan able to have 3D Maneuver Gear on her, as well as a Survey Corps coat?
Note: I have finished watching the anime, but I have not read the manga. Please don't post any spoilers for me. Thank you :)

Erwin said,"if they'd prepared maneuver gear in advance" it is not necessary they were be holding gear in titan form, they could prepare somewhere or get from the dead army, we know female titan had planned it , so she might have prepared gear for those case.

here the conversation between Erwin and Zoe, you might get your answer there

This answer pretty much explains everything.
Whilst riding on horseback

Zoe- Erwin, why did you order Levi to resupply? There's no time to
  waste.
Erwin- The female-form Titan was eaten. But did you see the person
  inside get eaten? I didn't.
Zoe- You can't mean-
Erwin- Ah, yes. If your original hypothesis was correct, they can
  still move to a degree after regaining human form. If they'd prepared
  3D Maneuver Gear in advance...

 Erwin- The person inside the female-form titan is wearing our uniform right now... The enemy is now camouflaged as one of the troops.

To be clear, the female titan (Annie) and other titan shifters are not capable of shifting and not damaging the maneuver gear. In other words, she had the whole place ready with maneuver gears and was already wearing the coat\jacket before she shifted. It was also obvious that she managed to sneak in the Survey Corps because she was already wearing the coat\jacket.

I think it was also stated somewhere that after shifting a few times, it is possible to control damage done to your clothing. That being said, the Female Titan has had to shift a few times, so she could take precautions when doing so.

clothes remain there , IIRC even Eren was wearing is clothes after titan shifting

That... is true. My terminology is a little off, it seems. I meant equipment.

you can edit you answer but try to answer with citation , concrete proof


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How was Elsie able to stop time?
Elsie is a demon so how was Elsie able to stop time during that scene before Keima removed the collar? Why was the time stop necessary?


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Accuracy of the translation of English manga?
In general, what are the main problems that harm the accuracy of the english translation of a manga? After this process, considering that problems, "shades" and "feelings" in the dialogues, with respect to the same title in the original japanese language are preserved enough?
Please, can you give me any example and why? many thanks. (:

You might be interested in our sister site [Japanese.SE] for general questions related to the Japanese language.

This is still way, way too broad. Translation accuracy is subjective and variable, even within a single work, and you are quite literally asking about every manga ever.

I don't know where is the problem, since till now I have obtained two answers and both safisfy fully my question. So I think my question was pretty clear.

Japanese and English aren't even related languages, so their grammar is completely different, to the point where the way you would say something in one language is literally impossible in another.
For example, Japanese is a very contextual language. There is very little in the way of pronouns, subjects are often omitted entirely, gender is often ambiguous, and so forth. I've even seen a spoiler in the English translation of Pandora Hearts, where the Japanese language could be purposefully ambiguous by omission, but the English, by grammar necessity, revealed the identity of a particular person from the get-go.  Though perhaps a less literal translator could have avoided that trap.
Another difference that causes translators alot of pain is keigo, or formal Japanese. Japanese makes very rigid distinctions in what kind of language you use when you are speaking to a subordinate, a superior, or a peer, and it just does not come across in English, most of the time.
Even simple nouns between languages of course don't have a consistent meaning, yet a common mistake many translators will make is to assume they do. For example, the word hoshi can mean planet or star, but many people very consistently only translate it as star, even when the text is obviously talking about a planet.
Good translations also frequently require culture knowledge that the translator may or may not have. Occasionally I've seen mistakes in translations simply because the translator was not up to date on pop culture knowledge, for instance -- I recently saw a mistranslation that "dere" is short for "tsundere" because the translator was unaware that tsundere is a slang word made by compounding the sound effects for a disdainful "hmph" (tsun) and flirting (dere.)
Furthermore, there are some translations out there that are flat out terrible. Ones in particular I remember are the official subs for the streams of Full Metal Panic and Beast Player Erin, both had obvious mistakes left and right. Bodacious Space Pirates, the sub for the stream, also consistently mistranslated suna no akahoshi as Sand of the Red Star when it literally just means Red Planet of Sand or just Sandy Red Planet (yet another mistranslation of hoshi, plus just flat out misunderstanding the function of "no" in that phrase.)
On the whole though, I'd say the quality of translations these days is generally at least serviceable, but you still would probably get more out of it if you understand the original language.

Given a source material in language A, a translation to language B isn't going to be the same. For starters, the person translating is usually a different one, so they may not know the original intent the author had. Also, the language is different, so things may not carry over.
But this applies to translations of anything, not just manga.
Now, a decent translator should be able to minimize the loss. One could:

translate the text to something that results in an equivalent reaction to the reader (e.g. the original text had a pun, so translating it literally would make it so the reader won't laugh at it, so instead we make a different pun, and the reader still laughs)
put in notes that explains why the source language text is written the way it is
rewrite the text a bit
...possibly other tricks
combination of above

Regarding the example of the first one: there's this text that I'm translating that relies on that "おっぱ" means both "breast milk" and "breasts". If I were to translate it literally, the pun would be lost. So instead I make the text vague with "they" about what a person is actually referring to, and not revealing it until the last moment. But this, again, loses something on what was in the source text. On the other hand, if I were to put in a translator note instead of that, that would have killed the pun (and therefore, the intended effect on the reader would be lost in translation), but would have preserved the meaning of the text.
Another example that often is problematic wrt translations to English is the matter of pronouns: there are different first person pronouns depending on the gender, or whether it's formal or informal situation. One could make it hard to translate without putting in a translator note if a character in the source material uses a different first person pronoun that the social protocol would expect, and other characters notice that.


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How does the One piece Bounty system work?
Right from the beginning of One piece, we see luffy and his crew keep getting a bounty increase everytime something big happens and this leaves a lot of room for pondering; especially on how these bounties are thought up and agreed on.

I understand that Pirates who are deemed to be dangerous by the Marines are awarded bounties but my question is how the bounty system actually works in relation to the media. Do the Marines kinda depend on information from newspaper media outlets to increase or award a bounty? (or is the other way round; that they only use newspaper and the media for getting the bounties out). Is the Bounty based more on popularity within the media?
Also, what warrants a decrease/withdrawal in Bounty? I know it has never technically happened but is it ideally possble?
My last question is how a pirate with a bounty can actually turn in another pirate for their bounty, are there any set restrictions on awarding Bounties?

You can find a lot of information on the wikia page for Bounties. I'd suggest you read through it for specifics, but I've quoted the important bits from it below.
The assignment of bounties:

Normally, a bounty is issued by a government official or by the Marines. The idea is to tempt others into aiding the capture of the criminal so they can be brought to justice quickly.

As for the value of the bounty:

The amount of a bounty is determined in response to the perceived threat level of the criminal in question; the greater the threat to the world, the greater the bounty. In the eyes of a pirate, high bounties are thus usually seen as a sign of strength. After all, having been assigned a bounty means that the World Government as well as the Marines acknowledge the threat of the person to whom it is assigned.

As you can see, this becomes pretty subjective, and can lead to inaccurate bounties. And we've seen this happen plenty of times, where an initially low bounty was later increased due to a proper assessment of the threat level. A clear example is Chopper, who still has a low bounty of 100 because his monster form is thought to be another being entirely.
We've also seen in Arlong's case that he was bribing the local marines to suppress his true threat level, and was relatively free to do acts of piracy despite having an active bounty.
One should also keep in mind the influence of the World Government on this, because they could assign a high bounty simply because of threat to them, rather than to civilians. This is the case with Nico Robin's initial bounty as a kid, and the actions taken against Ohara.
My theory on the relation with media is that it goes both ways. In the cases where Marines were present at the incident, their testimonies would be used to determine the new bounty. In other cases, they may find out the events later through the media, and update their bounties based on the gravity of the incident. (For example, what happens in Wholecake Island arc). There doesn't seem to be any proper confirmation of the system though.
Of course, it is certain that the media is used to circulate the bounties once they're set, since we've seen the 'News Coo' being the source of pirates learning about new bounties.
What warrants a decrease in bounty?

Bounties, once issued, are usually only retracted when the criminal is captured, killed, or is known to have otherwise died. A change in lifestyle will not affect the bounty. A bounty can last for over a hundred years if the criminal is not proven to be dead.

So the only viable way for a living pirate to have their bounty waived seems to be becoming a Shichibukai or their underling:

Aside from death or capture, bounties may be retracted if the criminal can prove themselves an asset to either the Marines or World Government. This is the case with the Shichibukai, who are considered allies of the World Government and have their bounties retracted; this extends to any criminal serving as a subordinate to the Shichibukai, such as Caesar Clown.

An interesting point the wiki mentions is the existence of a court of law:

A bounty may be removed by a court of law, as Jango's was during his mini-series. Jango's case was further aided by the pleas of the Marine Fullbody during the case. This later allowed him to enlist in the Marines under the command of Hina.

A last case wherein bounty isn't reduced, but the criminals aren't captured, is when they are made slaves. Since their bounties are active, they can still be captured once freed from slavery though.
Can a pirate with bounty turn in another pirate?
We don't have enough incidents regarding this to generalize, but it stands to reason that normal pirates cannot. As mentioned before, Shichibukai are considered allies of the Marines, so they may be permitted to despite being pirates.
In addition, turning in pirates is one way to prove oneself an ally of the Marines. We've seen two cases of this - Blackbeard and Trafalgar Law.
Blackbeard captures and turns over Ace, in order to be made into a Shichibukai. However, he didn't have much of a name then, and it is unclear whether he had a bounty.
Law on the other hand, is a better example. He had a 200,000,000 bounty when he was introduced as a rookie on Sabaody (Chapter 498). He then becomes a Shichibukai during the time skip, and his new bounty is revealed to be 440,000,000 (Chapter 659). He achieves the status by delivering the hearts of a hundred pirates to the Marine HQ. Considering how bounties are "Dead or Alive", I'd say this counts as turning them in. After the events of Dressarosa arc, he's no longer a Shichibukai and his bounty is increased to 500,000,000 (Chapter 801), while making him wanted by the Marines again.
So I'd say the most logical explanation is that one needs to be have allied / neutral access to the Marines. This could be because they're already a  Shichibukai, or because they are negotiating to become one, or because they have a backdoor through corrupt Marine officials (like what Arlong did).
At the end of the day, if one has an active, non-frozen bounty, then the rules imply that Marines would capture them. So it is unlikely that pirates would turn in other pirates as a normal act.

But blackbeard didn't had a bounty at the time he turned in ace.

We have very little information about Blackbeard's bounty. He should definitely have one now, since he's a Yonkou, but even back then he was already a pirate. Assuming he had no bounty during his time with Whitebeard, he should still have received one once he stole the Yami Yami no Mi and made his own crew. Do you have any source that can confirm he definitely didn't have a bounty at the time? I agree, it could be possible, but I haven't seen enough evidence either way.

No, I don't know the episode or chapter, but it was said that he had no bounty when he became a Shichibukai. Maybe someone know which chapter it is.

I'll try checking it out then

@ochs.tobi There was the scene where the Goverment and some of the Shichibukai were deciding a new member to replace crocodile and Lafitte showed up. It was established there that Blackbeard was an unknown to everyone there. So his bounty was most assuredly insignificant at the time if not nonexistent. Might that be the scene? It does seem like he had no bounty, because he had no real reputaiton except maybe as a Whitebeard noname lackey.

I've updated the answer with two other examples - Arlong and Law. They correspond to the value of the bounty, and the turning in pirates question. I've let Blackbeard be in a gray area for now

Imagine Luffy followed Roger's footsteps in beeing executed and Zorro (who never wanted to be a pirate) went back to bounty hunting in the east blue. While strong bounty hunters might come after him and provide chances to prove his mastery of the sword, the Marines there wouldn't dare to attack him for he could obviously cut down their entire base with one swing of a dull knife, let alone three named swards. On the other hand imagine some low level Pirate somehow beeing able to turn in Luffy (maybe found him sleeping after a battle). That would qualify as beeing helpful to the gouvernment.


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How is the title of Yonko earned?
The Emperors of the sea Aka "Yonkos" are the 4 great pirates who are renowned and feared by both the masses and the world government. Rumors depict them to be so powerful and important that a loss/death of any, could have a ripple effect strong enough to destroy the authoritative order of some regions.

What I'm trying to understand is how a pirate actually attains such a level; is it in any way related to the actual bounty of that individual or their second in command?  we all know that Kaido and big mom had subbordinates who attained bounties roughly around 1 billion; is that the prerequisite for becoming a Yonko? But then if that were the case, it doesn't explain how Marshal D teech was able to slyly slip into the ranks of Yonko.
Or is it more about who is closest to becoming the pirate King? Or more like whoever can defeat a Yonko automatically snatches the title?
I ask this mainly because of a lot of theories floating around about luffy becoming the 5th Yonko;

 After luffy crashes Big Moms wedding and made it out alive, "Big news Morgan"   announces him as the 5th Emperor of the sea and that really confuses me; Is all it takes to become an Emperor an announcement from a media outlet?

To sum it up, My question is on how a pirate becomes known as a Yonko, is there a deeper meaning to the title itself?

 Extra Question lol: what did Blackbeard do differently from Trafalga law to become a Yonko?, after all they were both warlords for a short while.

As far as I know, in the OP universe there is no officiating body that decides when a Pirate is a Yonko.  It seems to be an unofficial term for Pirate captain that's not a shikubukai, operates in the new world, and has a very large amount of influence.

It could also just have been a nickname for Shanks, Big Mon, Whitebeard and Kaido.  And since Blackbeard killed and stole Whitebeards Devil fruit and subsequently became a powerful pirate, the people of that world started counting him as the Yonkou instead of Whitebeard.  This is similar to how people keep trying to come up with a new "big 3" of Shonen Jump, despite the fact that the "big 3" are actually just OP, bleach, and Naruto.

A Yonko is not an official title that has specific criteria, but rather is one that is attached to extremely powerful and notorious pirates. There is no deep meaning to the title that has been revealed so far, but it does go beyond simply having amazing combat prowess.
Based on the Yonkos we've been introduced to so far, we can see three distinct traits:

Their own abilities are top notch. We've seen them possess immense strength and durability, have great control over Haki and most also possess strong Devil Fruit powers. They are among the top pirates even individually.
They have fleets. Most of their strength is attributed to these large fleets that ally with the Yonko. You can see the exact known stats in the link above, we've seen Whitebeard, Big Mom and Kaido to have huge crews. Each of the Yonkos will have a number of Commanders under them, who in turn have groups of mid-level pirate crews.
They have territory thanks to their influence as a Yonko. They can declare locations as their own, and pirates and Marines can only bend to their will. The people residing in these territories are under the protection of the respective Yonko, and intruders are hunted down.

The Yonko are not a group like the Shichibukai, and each have their own agendas. Whitebeard was not interested in finding the One Piece and becoming Pirate King, whereas Blackbeard and Big Mom are.
While they are the pirates with the best chances to become Pirate King thanks to this much power and influence, the relation between the two titles isn't very strong or clear yet.
So, as we can see, the determination of who is a Yonko is also largely dependent on how notorious they are and how the other entities view them. In Luffy's case, Morgan simply hypes it up in order to make his news more entertaining. The media is not the deciding body for who is and isn't a Yonko, but it certainly shapes public opinion.
The reactions of the current Yonkos when shown, clearly indicate that they consider Luffy nowhere close to their level. Many fans would also agree to this conclusion, especially after

 his fight with Kaido in the latest chapter of the Wano arc.

Now, for the differences between Law and Teach, I'll also throw Luffy into the mix and explain. Being a Shichibukai has nothing to do with Yonko, it is not a required step. Law doesn't have a fleet, and only has an alliance with the Strawhats. And while he is powerful, he isn't exceptionally so.
On the other hand, Blackbeard

 killed Whitebeard during the Marineford war, and took his powers, becoming the first person to have two DF abilities.

After the war, he quickly expands his fleet and takes over almost all of Whitebeard's territories. All of this together is what allowed him to be recognized as a Yonko.
If we compare Luffy against these metrics, we know that he has formed the Grand Strawhat Fleet at the end of the Dressarosa arc (though he doesn't seem to assign it much value right now). We also have confirmation from Oda that the fleet will play a huge role in the future. In addition, when it comes to territories, Luffy has challenged Big Mom over Fishman Island, which was initially under Whitebeard, and he is currently challenging Kaido for Wano.
While he may still be too much of a greenhorn to be a proper Yonko, he is definitely on the path to become one, which is why there are some proper backers (among fans), and his title as the 5th Yonko isn't being dismissed completely.

In the case of shanks, we know his haki prowess is super exceptional but does shanks have any territory thats as famous as whole cake island, or wano or fishman island? I keep getting the feeling that Oda wants to make shanks as lowkey as possible

You are right. Oda hypes Shanks a lot, like during Marineford, but actual details on him are quite less. We don't know about his fleet or territory. We just know bits and pieces about his crew, and a little more about the man himself.


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Are there other "elemental based" Chakra modes aside from Lightning
Just like the way the 3rd and 4th Raikage's were able to encase their entire bodies in their lightning release, forming the lightning release chakra mode. Is it also possible for other Ninja's to encase themselves in their elements.
What I mean by this is  (for example: a ninja with fire release, forming some kind of fire chakra mode by encasing the entire body with the fire release). This question is specific to the average skilled ninja (and is not including jinchuuriki's or Kekkai genkai users).

I don't think there is other element chakra mode besides lightning. The point of lightning chakra mode is to enhance the user's speed and reaction using lightning current or things like that. Now, let's say fire chakra mode. What does it enhance? The user's ... body heat?

Like it could be for defense. So that no one attacks you recklessly.

@Albert there is uchiha fire realese:- flame formation used by Obito, which can be used as defense against attacks.

Earth Release: Earth Spear (Doton: Domu) which was used by Kakuzu could be seen as an earth variant.

The user flows earth-natured chakra through all or parts of their body, causing it to become noticeably darker, all while increasing their defensive power to become as hard as diamond. As such, this allows the user to easily be able to withstand most attacks with little to no damage, with the exception of Lightning Release ninjutsu. Furthermore, the destructive power of physical attacks is increased, making this a great all-purpose technique.


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Can Urashiki steal Kekkai Genkais?
Urashiki Otsutsuki posseses an unusual signature skill, which enables him to form his chakra  into a fishing rod and hook "looking thingy" to extract chakra from people and store it in his gourd.

Is this ability also capable of extracting Bloodline Kekkai Genkais?

Kekkai Genkais cannot be replicated or learned just by stealing a user's chakra or attempting to copy the technique. Even though Urashiki can steal chakra in order to access certain  user's abilities, this does not apply to Kekkai Genkai. As defined by the Wikia, a Kekkai Genkai is

an anomaly of the DNA that allows the wielder to use unique techniques.

Urashiki's ability seems to be similar to the Sharingan in the sense that it can copy other techniques but a requirement needed to perform abilities unique to Kekkai Genkai is that there must be anomalies in your DNA related to the Kekkai Genkai you are trying to copy. What I think would happen if he tries to copy other Kekkai Genkai (for example, Ice Release) is that he would probably have access to the theory behind performing the technique he is trying to copy but since there are no DNA anomalies in him that enables him to mix both Wind and Water, he would be unable to perform said technique that is unique to Ice Release users.
Throughout the Naruto manga, examples of ways to access or transfer Kekkai Genkai is by transplanting body parts, like in the case of Dojutsu or Madara transplanting Hashirama's DNA to access Wood Release, or indirectly through Orochimaru's Edo Tensei. This means that you need to have access to the DNA that allows someone to manipulate chakra like no one else can. Despite this, success rate of acquiring Kekkai Genkai abilities is still low, like in the case of Yamato. It is the DNA that enables someone to be use Kekkai Genkai and not through practice or training to become one (I remember this was discussed when Naruto was training with Kakashi and Yamato).
The closest thing to accessing Kekkai Genkai via chakra is with the Rinha Clan's Kekkai Genkai, which steals chakra and enables them to create perfect copies of someone which can use

any weapons, techniques, and bloodline techniques that the original shinobi have. But this clan has only ever appeared in-game and not in the manga, anime or movies.

Ah. I see what you mean. Already edited it :)

I agree with your logic but then why does the Wiki state that Moegi can use wood style by combining 2 elements together? it never states that she obtained hashiramas cells or anything like that. https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/49165/how-did-moegi-acquire-the-wood-release

@Rumpelstiltskin Yeah this was never discussed in the manga at all, and there are no mentions of who her parents are. It's possible that this would be revealed in Boruto later on or maybe Kodachi forgot about it. Or it might yet to be revealed that Wood Release can be inherited but it is possible that it skips some of the descendants, and she could be a descendant of the First. This could be a plot hole, though. I honestly still have no idea how she acquired it, unless she is also a product of another experiment or something.

@Rumpelstiltskin It's also possible she obtained it like how the First did, without inheriting it from anyone else. It could be a genetic mutation and by chance, she was able to perform Wood Release. But then again, unless it will be confirmed, we can't say for sure.

I dont think that is the case @We.Are cause she could not use the ability while she was younger, through out Naruto and Naruto shippuden, she never had the ability until Boruto

but then i guess its possible that if she had the ability and did not know she could use it until when she got older and became more skilled at chakra control

Let us continue this discussion in chat.


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When did Shanks get scarred by Blackbeard?
I've seen Shanks has a scar on his eyes because of Teach, since Luffy was just a kid, meaning that Ace was not a pirate at that time. Does that mean that Teach had a bad nature at the beginning? Because I think it was stated that blackbeard was a nice person until he saw the darkness devil fruit.

Marshall D. Teech (Aka Blackbeard)  was always a twisted and very calculating person, right from the start. He just never really showed his true personality to the rest of his crewmates, until he found the fruit he was looking for; he said so himself during his battle with Ace.

During Shanks conversation with Whitebeard, Shanks told Whitebeard the real truth about Blackbeard, when he stated that: "Blackbeard was quietly waiting for a chance. He didn't take the title of commander to be renowned, but rather to conceal himself."
Since Shanks and Whitebeard were on good terms, Shanks would most likely have visited Whitebeard a couple times previously, and apparently, during one of those visits, Blackbeard was able to catch Shanks off guard (which is still surprising, considering how adept Shanks is at Haki) and injured him.

oh so, Teach is being low-key all the times

Not like all the time @InUtero , Teech was hiding under Whitebeards influence and staying low until he could get his hands on a powerful devil fruit.

I disagree with the part, "Since Shanks and Whitebeard were on good terms". They were not. They had respect for each other but don't forget that they are still enemy pirate crews. It is stated in the story that when Shanks was still an apprentice under Roger, their crew had fought with Shirohige's many times. That was when he got the scar.

If they weren't on good terms then how could shanks come over and have a drink with his "enemy rival". Also, if shanks got his scar so far back then why was he reporting it to whitebeard? who is supposed to be his "Enemy". I don't really see the connection there @VXD

Another addition, when shanks was reporting teech to whitebeard, note his wordings, shanks stated: "This isn't a scar i got from an adventure or a fight. It's not like i was being careless. Do you know what I mean? He was quietly waiting for a chance." This expressly means that Teech attacked him unexpectedly and not in a battle type scenario. Therefore disproving your claim.

Having respect does not mean being on good terms. Roger and Shirohige also drank together but they fought many times. In Chapter 434 Shanks brought sake as a gift during his visit to Shirohige. That is normal procedure when you visit someone in Japan. Still, do not forget the famous line「敵船につき少々威嚇した」, which can be translated to something like "I intimidated you (Shirohige's crew) a little since I'm on an enemy ship." Shanks did not report the scar to Shirohige in this visit. Shirohige already knew it. What Shanks did was caution Shirohige (about Ace) that Teach is not to be underestimated.

The "waiting for a chance" that you mentioned is about the chance to get the Yami-yami no Mi.It's not a chance to attack. Teach himself mentioned that he joined Shirohige's crew because, being a top pirate crew, there is a high chance that the Yami-yami will fall on their hands.

I will answer the question on the title, "When did Shanks get scarred by Blackbeard?"
Consider the following facts:

Shanks did not have the scar when Roger's crew fought with Shiki. That was 27 yrs before the current time line (Let's call this BCT).
According to Shirohige, his and Roger's crew fought many times in the past. This was 25 or more years BCT.
Teach was with Shirohige's crew for decades.
By order of Roger, his crew was disbanded around 25 yrs BCT.
The left side of Shanks' face was not shown in the flashback of Roger's execution. That was 24 yrs BCT.
According to Yassop, Shanks did not have a pirate flag when he was recruited. That was 22 yrs BCT.
Shanks had the scar in the flashbacks at Fusha Village when Luffy was a kid. That was 13 yrs BCT.

Based on the above facts, we can assume the following:
a. Shanks got the scar sometime after the fight with Shiki (27 yrs BCT).
b. Oda sensei hid the left side of Shanks' face on purpose in the scenes of Roger's execution. The reason for this may be revealed later.
c. We can assume that pirate crews do not just easily change flags. So it is not logical to assume that Shanks had a different flag (without the scar) to his current one. Therefore his flag has always been the same.
Bonus info:
Not really connected to the scar, but would like to share that since Shanks did not have a pirate flag 22 yrs BCT, it is logical to assume that he did not yet have his own crew at the time. Meaning, Yassop may have been his first nakama.
Conclusion:
Shanks probably got the scar from Teach sometime between 27 yrs and 22 yrs BCT. It was most likely when he was still an apprentice at Roger's ship in one of their many encounters with Shirohige's crew.

Blackbeard didn't have Devil Fruit yet when he scarred Shanks because when Ace joined the Whitebeard pirate, that's the time Blackbeard killed Thatch for the Devil Fruit, and Ace had grown up already at that time.
Luffy was still a little kid when he met Shanks at Foosha Village, and Shanks already had a scar.


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Can Fana still summon the Salamander?
While Fana was being possessed by the "Eye of the Midnight Sun", she was able to use spirit magic to summon and control the Notorious fire spirit- Salamander. However, it was the "Elf fana" that was manipulating her and using its magic through out the entire time.

Can Fana still summon and control the Salamander? because ideally, it was in her Grimoire but then "Elf Fana" was actually the one doing everything behind the scene.

Also, can the elemental spirits die? Asta had previously defeated the Salamander but did he actually kill it?

With elemental spirits, the understanding is that they choose their hosts, and then greatly boost their elemental magic powers. However, the spirits themselves cannot be 'killed' outright.
When Fana was defeated, she loses control of the Salamander. Later (spoiler chapter #171)

 Fuegoleon Vermillion awakens with the power of the Salamander.


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Why was it so easy to defeat Toneri, Kinshiki and Momoshiki?
Toneri had somewhat the same Goal as Madara. Madara gained Hagoromo's Power and Toneri, Hamura's. The both powers are, I believe equivalent.
Sharingan >> Rinnegan = Byakugan >> Tenseigan
He who awakens the Rinnegan, shall receive the Powers of Hagoromo and he who awakens the Tenseigan shall receive the Powers of Hamura. Which is exactly what happened. BUT... Toneri had the Power of Hamura, who has the equivalent Power as Hagoromo... Then, how was Naruto able to finish Toneri's Tenseigan (and the Powers of Hamura) away with one blow?? + just in Nine Tails Mode, without his Six Paths Powers.. It just doesn't add up.
Now.. let's move to the Movie Boruto:
Kinshiki and Momoshiki are very powerful beings... Momoshiki even has 3 Rinnegan (One in his Forehead, and one in each palm) and has also the equivalent, if not greater Power to those of Kaguya.... how the hell was he defeated by only Boruto (a child)? While it took Naruto & Sasuke to seal away (not defeat) Kaguya and they both had the Six Paths Powers, while Boruto had none whatsoever.

It wasn't so easy I guess. It took both Indra and Ashura's reincarnations (Naruto and Sasuke) + other 4 kage to beat them.

I would say Sharingan = Byakugan < Mangekyou < Eternal Mangekyou < Rinnegan <= Tenseigan

@arcane I guess we haven't experienced/seen Hamura's descendants as much as Hagomoro's... but it would've been awesome to if there were somewhat the same stages of the byakugan.. ex.: Byakugan < Level 2 Byakugan  < Level 3 Byakugan < Tenseigan ... but i understand what you mean

Plot hole maybe? I means there's a lot of them in Naruto, so you shouldn't be surprised if it is.

Since Toneri is a character from Naruto the movie, then  the main reason would be to keep the movie from being too long, which is tied to production cost.

Yah exactly. They need to able to kill the villain by the end of the movie. Well, that's the pragmatic answer.

Naruto and Sasuke during Boruto saga are way stronger than the version in the war arc, so any actual threat that is Kaguya or even just slightly above her is not gonna do much against them and did so because they were nerfed in the movie.
As for how Boruto's rasengan finished the enemy is because Naruto used his chakra to charge it and you can expect that his rasengan is going to be over powered.
These are reasons I believe so, as you can't expect them to be same level when they fought Kaguya as they did not have experience with their power and it's already shown in this series and many other that you become more powerful as you grow older until certain age.

Naruto also only had half of Kurama in him during Kaguya, because half of it was in her. After the final battle, he got both halves combined within him, so had a whole Kurama for Tonrei and momoshiki. That is a significant boost in power.

Technically, neither of them were easy. It took 5 kages + Sasuke to defeat Momoshiki & Kinshiki. As for Toneri reducing production cost's technical factors:

Transplanted Byakugan and evolved it into Tenseigan minutes before starting to fight Naruto. Even assuming he knew about its powers, he won't have instant mastery over it.
He was fighting BSM Naruto even if part of Kyuubi was separated, he was actually powering golem that it was fighting.
Was trying to ram Moon into Earth all while fighting Naruto.

Also, people mostly forget to mention that guy is in similar age group as Naruto & co. So, no help there. Well, he seems quite knowledgeable (Otsutsuki factor), but still no extra time to develop chakra.

Actually, Naruto and Sasuke were vastly inferior in power to when they fought Kaguya. They no longer had Six Paths power, Naruto could only use Kurama, and Sasuke Susanoo and he only had 1 arm left! It's just that Kaguya is vastly stronger than the other members of her clan. In fact, she's vastly stronger than all other characters in Naruto, she is the god of the Naruto verse after all.
The whole Momoshiki greater threat was hype-crap. They got beat by a simple large Rasengan made by Boruto and a weakened Naruto on his base-form while Kaguya took 9 Rasenshurikens at once. She didn't even absorb them, she just tanked them.
By feats, Momo and Kinshiki were below Madara, let alone Kaguya, who Sasuke stated on his thoughts to be far stronger than Madara.

Two reasons:

Byakugan is weaker than the Sharingan
Toneri was not a Hyuuga before he started his world domination. Madara was actually an Uchiha, therefore he had the immediate access to all Sharingan powers. Toneri didn't have immediate access to Byakugan. Not to mention the fact that the Hyuuga kept the Byakugan a heavily guarded secret. So much to the fact that they had to create a seal for the branch family. One reason Sharingan was so easy to just obtain, is that the Uchiha didn't put in extra effort to guard their eyes. That is because only those who have a strong will can have the Sharingan. Sharingan is much much harder to obtain than Byakugan because you are not born with it.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/


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Is there a mind link between the Gedo Mazo and its summoner

After Obito Summoned the Gedo Mazo (The Juubi's husk) in the 4th Great ninja war, he tried to retrieve the gold and silver brothers but was stopped by Darui and shikamaru. (Shippuden 276). In order to get the brothers, Obito controlled the Gedo Mazo to step on shikamaru.

How was this possible? it seemed more like he neither needed to say anything nor give it orders to control it, like it reacted to his thoughts, and it got me wondering if the Gedo Mazo is the only exception to summoning rule where the user can directly control his summon? If that weren't the case then what actually went down.
Could this be related to the power of the Rinnengan?

See this reddit and quora post


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How did Moegi acquire the Wood release

Wood release is the kekkai genkai of the Senju clan (originally the God trees sacred ability and also the Otsutsuki clans Kekkai Genkai), however, Moegi is able to do it by combining Water and earth style. Does this mean being able to combine 2 elements can allow anyone to use an advanced element?  We know Orochimaru used to perform experiments on merging Hashirama's cells with small children but Sarutobi Hiruzren (the Third Hokage) put an end to it.
Moegi did not have the wood style ability while she was younger plus the experiments that Orochimaru did with Hashirama's DNA were destroyed earlier in the series. So how did Moegi suddenly become able to use it at adulthood?

I always thought that Boruto world can't be held true to the Naruto world's rules. That is why I never started watching it.

Nah its the other way round actually @Bej . Boruto is a continuation of Naruto, the exact same logic and universe. Just with a new Generation and some technology.

I started watching at first but it felt like they did a permutation combination and combined multiple abilities into a single character. I just made peace with the fact that I will not be able to watch Boruto without comparing it to Naruto and so I stopped watching.

If they followed naruto logic, then how did this moegi guy question come to be?

lol thats what i'm trying to find out @Bej . Think about it this way tho, the newer generations are usually "stronger" than the previous ones. Plus like most of the kids inherited abilities from both parents so it kinda makes sense why most of the newer characters have multiple abilities.

I don't know who said this, but she figured it out by using Yin–Yang Release, but that's not just some common style of jutsu that anyone can learn out of the blue. Not to mention if it were that so simple, the 3rd Hokage or even Orochimaru would have perfected and recreated the jutsu easily.
The 3rd ―during a time that probably took place after The Second Great Ninja War and allowed experiments before canceling out of fear― wouldn't have needed to use such risky experiments hoping the 1st cells would bond with host in order to use it. He was known as the professor and knew every jutsu within the Hidden Leaf, and that includes secret hidden jutsu passed down in clans like the Shadow Possession jutsu, the Human Expansion jutsu, and even the Mind transfer jutsu.
So, Yin–Yang Release wouldn't have been a problem for him to use and combine those two elemental changes in chakra with Yin–Yang Release to make the wood style, except that's not what created the wood style, and so many wouldn't have died to experiments trying to get it. Orochimaru continued the experiments with Danzo and thought he failed, but Yamato became the only other one.
Now I am aware Moegi can use it to and I wish we could see it, but it's not Yin–Yang Release. It just doesn't make sense and Kishimoto would have made clear it's needed in order to use it.

Welcome to Anime & Manga Stack Exchange. I've tried to improve the readability, but if I accidentally changed the meaning, feel free to [edit] and fix and/or add more details. Thanks.


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At what point did the Kurama stop sucking Naruto's chakra?
While training with Bee, Naruto was warned about the dangers of the Tailed beast chakra mode. Bee mentioned multiple times that Naruto should be careful in how long he maintains the Chakra Mode because while he was using the Nine tails chakra, The Kyuubi was also absorbing his chakra at an equal rate. However, Naruto maintained the tailed beast chakra mode for quite a long time before he fought madara.

I'm really interested in the exact timeline when the Kyuubi stopped using up Naruto's chakra (So i can better understand just how large Naruto's chakra reserves are). Does anyone know exactly when the Kyuubi stopped taking his chakra back from Naruto?

I remember the Gyūki noticing Kurma stopped draining Naruto's chakra during their fight with the 5-tails, but I can't recall if it was stated when exactly Kuram stopped doing this

I think it was when Naruto met his mother(?) When he was fighting against Kurama for Kurama's chakra, his mother's chakra appeared and helped him

Nah that was how he became able to use the chakra mode @Albert

I think it was somewhere between the conversation when Naruto said that he will take all Kurama's hatred and when Kurama heard him say that he doesn't regret being Jinchuuriki when he fought Tobi and other Jinchuurikis in the forest. Because till then at one point Naruto runs out of the Kuramas chakra so at that time he was still taking it from him. So definitely after real Madara showed up. I think.


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How did Nue Survive?
During the beginning arc of Boruto, Sumire tries to carry on the will of her father by trying to destroy Konoha with Nue, She used the "cute scary" beast to feed on people's chakra and negative emotions, but was later on discovered by Boruto and his friends. After Boruto defeated Nue and escaped from "Nue's dimension", we see the summoning mark vanish, and I initially thought Nue died but apparently he didn't.

My questions are as follows: how was nue able to survive?
how does the mark reappear on Sumire's hand if Nue technically died? Also, Does Nue have size limitation due to the decrease in the summoning mark?


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Do the eyes retain the host's powers or the donor's Ocular abilities after it's transplanted to obtain Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan?
When a Mangekyou Sharingan is replaced with someone else's eyes in an attempt to obtain Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan, do the eyes retain the host's powers or the donor's Ocular powers? Also, why can a "sealed Sharingan" merge to form an Eternal Mangekyou?

In Sasuke's case, He kept his own powers, so its most likely the case that the wielder keeps their own powers.
Itachi's powers were Amaterasu and Tsukuyomi. Sasuke's powers are Amaterasu and an unamed power I will call Amaterasu Control that let him control Amaterasu as if it was Gaara's sand, and put the inextinguishable flames out at will. We see this power clearly in that Itachi only ever shot Amaterasu out like a gun from his eye, hitting whatever he was looking at. We see Sasuke not only do the same, but also put out the flames and shape them, such as into spikes, on his own hands like Chidori, or even to coat Susanoo in them and create a shield so that they spread to the attacker.
After Sasuke obtained the EMS, he still used Amaterasu control to the same degree, but he never used Tsukuyomi because he couldn't. In Chapter 585, during Sasuke's fight against Kabuto,

 he and the Reanimated Itachi cast genjutsu on eachother to break out of Kabuto's Genjutsu. Itachi used Tsukuyomi, while Sasuke used regular Sharingan genjutsu.

If Sasuke was able to use Tsukuyomi, that would have been the time to use it, but he didn't.  Instead he keeps on using Amaterasu Control for precisions attacks using Amaterasu. The best example I can think off right now, In his Final fight in the main series

 against Naruto, Sasuke uses Universal Pull to bring in Naruto and his few Shadow clones, and then surrounds himself in Amaterasu flames. Then he creates spikes around his whole body made of the black flame just before Naruto and his clones reach Him, piercing all the shadow clones, and Naruto barely dodges by using his Chakra cloak to grab onto the flames.

TL;DR he still uses Amaterasu Control after obtaining the EMS, but genjutsu wise only ever uses Sharingan Genjutsu. Thus the most likely answer is that they keep their origional powers. The unique special powers of the other individual are most likely lost, replaced with the other perks EMS has.

Ryan what does the "TL;DR" actually mean lol, its in like almost all your answers

@Rumpelstiltskin To long; Didn't Read. I add them in for the slightly longer answers that can be shortened by cutting out the evidence when I think of it.

AFAIK Due to overuse of the Sharingan the eye loses its light(i.e The user can't see). The second set of eyes is to solely bring back the vision to the host but that will not give any new powers to the user. It will just enable the user to use Mangekyō eternally without any problems.

They probably keep the powers of the previous host.
From the wiki:

Although these eyes merge the designs of the two Uchiha's Mangekyō Sharingan, they're still the eyes of the previous owner and thus react to certain techniques that are aimed at the original owner's Mangekyō Sharingan.

However, we've only seen two Eternal Sharingans, on Madara and Sasuke. We do not know the eye powers of Madara's brother, and Sasuke and Itachi had the same powers, so we cannot infer solely from manga that the original host keeps his powers.

Well, Sasuke has never demonstrated using Tsukuyomi, and he would have probably used at some point given the power of the genjutsu.

@Asking He did. He used it on Danzo, who commented his Tsukiomi was not nearly as powerful as Itachi's, who could control even time perception, and against B as well, IIRC

@BlueMoon93  That was Danzo taunting Sasuke for using regular genjutsu, which was a far cry from Itachis Tsukuyomi. Sasuke's powers were Amaterasu and Amaterasu Control. He did not have Tsukuyomi. The Wiki also says nothing about Sasuke having Tsukuyomi.


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Do Byakugans also posses "hidden" ocular powers?
After Momoshiki was defeated by Boruto, Momoshiki appeared to him in the anime (Episode 65, 18:37) and told Boruto; "You cannot see through your own destiny, But I can see your destiny very clearly"; as he said this, he started using his Byakugan.
The phrasing is very different in the manga.

Is this power to see into the future a hidden ocular ability of all Byakugan users? (more like the way all Mangekyous have special traits across the different Uchihas) Or was Momoshiki just trying make his words seem legit by "claiming his Byakugan had such an ability".

Also, when he told Boruto that "those blue eyes will eventually take everything from you!" was it metaphorically? (like some sort of japanese saying/ figure of speech) or did he mean Borutos Jogan?

The Byakugan is referred to as the "All Seeing Eye", that can see through everything. The title of "All Seeing Eye" is something that can only exist in the realm of Gods, nothing below that. So, it is possible that the Otsutsuki Byakugan is more mystical, and possesses more powers than the Hyuga Byakugan that go beyond mere visual advantages.
The prowess of Byakugan is be determined by the "eye purity". So, a pureblood Otsutsuki has the "pure" Byakugan which is considerably more powerful than an “impure” Byakugan possessed by a Hyuga. So, Momoshiki being a pureblood was able to foresee Boruto’s future just by looking at him. There are several instances in Naruto/Boruto episodes and movies where this "eye purity" is mentioned explicitly and how it proves Otsutsuki's Byakugan to be more powerful. Refer to source 2.
An elaborate explanation with spoiler-laden analysis of Momoshiki's Byakugan which explains how he can foresee fate of others while he can't for himself is given in source 1. Have a good read.
Sources:

https://www.narutoforums.org/threads/discussion-can-momoshiki-really-see-the-future.1096826/
https://www.quora.com/How-come-Momoshiki-can-see-Boruto-s-fate-with-his-Byakugan-but-his-mother-and-grandfather-can-t
https://www.reddit.com/r/Naruto/comments/7n3r5h/how_are_momoshiki_and_toneri_able_to_predict/
https://www.reddit.com/r/Naruto/comments/6v2pd3/neji_saw_the_future_with_byakugan/


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What "actions" did Toneri Otsutsuki perform on Boruto
In Boruto Episode 53, After Urashiki finally found Toneri, they both had a brief discussion about how the Main Branch of the Otsutsuki Clan had been monitoring everything that happened for the past thousand years.
Right before their battle, Urashiki  told Toneri: "You may think you made the first move by doing something to that womans son, but that was very hastily prepared" (he meant Boruto, who is the Son of the Byakugan Princess).
What exactly did Toneri do to Boruto? I'm guessing it has to do with his Jogan.

What is the connection between Boruto and Toneri? because I also remember Boruto's Jogan was activated immidiately after Toneri appeared in his dream.


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Did Kishou Arima know about the dragon Kagune?
Spoiler Alert!.
Arima Kishou made a very "interesting prediction" that if Humans accepted Ghouls then at some point, all Humans would become Ghouls. And later on in Tokyo Ghoul RE season 2, episode 10, we see a bit of his prediction actually happening.
However, I don't undestand how Humans can be "infected" into being Ghouls, the Kakhous are the organs that produce the Rc cells so even if a human is exposed to RC cells that shouldn't expressly make them a Ghoul because they would still lack the organ that physically manifests the Rc Cells?
Also why is Kaneki's Dragon Ghoul form still active? The real Kaneki, who was the source of the Dragons RC cells was taken away so how can the Dragon keep producing Humanoid monsters (the dragon orphans) that explode to release "Rc cells"? Cause the Dragon is Kaneki's Kagune from mutation and Cannibalism right? I'm kinda like super confused.

Also, did Arima actually foresee Kaneki turning into the Dragon? If not then How could he make such a spot on prediction.

I dont read the manga and I also don't mind spoilers.

Regarding the infection, it could be a different and new type of disease for people exposed to a large amount of RC cells other than RC cell over-secretion, mainly due to the fact that the infected can still move about. However, it does not seem that the humans became Ghouls, since the infected lack some Ghoul traits, so I think they should be considered as a different type altogether. How that is possible is currently unknown.
Regarding Kaneki's Dragon still being active, in Chapter 161,

Furuta watched as Rize emerged from an egg and called her 'Dragon'. From this, we can say that Rize merged with the Dragon in place of Kaneki since she was one of the final opponents in the manga, which Kaneki also fought.

Regarding Arima, I do not think that was a prediction, because while he seems to be a 'pro-ghoul', I think what he also wants is something like ghouls living and having a place with human society. And again, those humans who were infected cannot really be classified as ghouls, more like a new type altogether so his 'prediction' is still not on point. (I also cannot recall this prediction but I'll try to reread)


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What happened to Metal Lee's Mother?
Metal lee is Rock lee's son and that is pretty obvious based of the similarities between both of them but what about his Mother?

At first, I thought it was Tenten because she seemed like the "best available option", but then, since she has not really been an active "mother figure", I'm guessing that's not the case.  And if she were his mother then she would have been more involved in his life. Except maybe there's a basis for her absence?

Also, is there a reason why his Mother's identity is not elaborated on?

While I would agree it is more specific, other related (and more specific) questions have been closed as dups as well. As far as I am aware, the answer in the linked question is still accurate

That seems pretty restrictive if you ask me @Wondercricket multiple questions on the same characters can be asked as long as they are different but of course there could be related in sense, but that does not make it a duplicate. I believe that question is actually not a duplicate too. Cause in both cases, the question was asking something completely different, plus the answer did not answer that question.

Per your latest edit, I went ahead and retracted my close vote. "Who is Metal's mother" is different than "What happened to her". Sorry for just now getting to that, I'm at work :). Somebody else still may consider it a dup, but that's for them to decide

As of now, there is no official information who it is or what happened to her, only rumors and theories. One such theory is that it was Tenten. From what I found, a Boruto movie's credits showed the following picture with the new characters together with their parents at the back. One could say that it might be Tenten.
As for official information, this the only thing I found, a tweet with no hints at all.

There is also a cotnradicting 'information' circulating the Internet that Kishimoto said in an interview that he has not yet drawn Metal Lee's mother when asked if Tenten was Metal Lee's mtoher. This was posted in many sites but without linking sources to the interview itself, apart from a Tumblr post that claims Kishimoto said it in an interview. A Reddit post claims that the one who posted the Tumblr post was 'a reliable translator in the Naruto fandom' but since the original Tumblr post was long deleted with no sources at all, I'm finding it real hard to believe this. I'm thinking this is not true as of now due to lack of evidence.
To conclude, we definitely cannot say for sure who Metal Lee's mother is or what happened to her, given the current information and the manga chapters released.

you have a point in the movie credits part but then where is Orochimaru? cause he should be at the back of mitsuki right?

@Rumpelstiltskin I think the point of the credits photo was to show us, the viewing audience, the people we cared about, and their lives after Shippuuden. It doesn't technically confirm Tenten is Metal Lee's mother, but it certainly implies as much. Can you imagine how awkward it would look to randomly have Orochimaru standing next to Naruto/Hinata in that photo? You also don't see Temari next to Shikamaru because she wasn't part of the original Naruto Konoha Genin cast. Sai of course is included because he later joins Team 7.


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How does the "Chakra induction paper" react when someone has multiple chakra natures
A Chakra induction paper can be used to detect an individuals Chakra affinity. In cases where a person is born with affinity to multiple Chakra Natures, do all those characteristics happen simultaneously to the "induction paper"? Or does the paper react only to an individuals strongest Chakra Nature. If so then how do Jonin level Shinobi check for their secondary Chakra Natures or decide what other elements would be a good fit for them.

Canon doesn't say much, but I've seen a lot of fanfiction where the paper just reacts to all the natures. e.g. from ch. 16 of this cracky fanfic: Sakura's paper moistened, then crumbled. Sasuke's moistened, crinkled, split in half, crumbled, and burned. Naruto's did nothing for a second. Then, just when Kakashi was about to ask if the blond was sure he was following the instructions correctly, the slip of paper flashed, shining like a thousand watt lightbulb in the boy's hand, before exploding into a shower of multicolored sparks.

In cases where a person is born with affinity to multiple Chakra Natures, do all those characteristics happen simultaneously to the "induction paper"? It is not known or rather, it was never shown in the manga as far as I know. In Chapter 315, it was not stated whether the litmus paper test is applicable to people using two nature types. However, it is implied that any person only has one nature affinity, regardless if they have Kekkei Genkai or not, or if they can use multiple natures. As far as I know, there were no people mentioned that have multiple chakra nature affinities, only those who can wield multiple ones. The existence of the litmus paper test in itself is proof that people only have one nature affinity. They would've thought of a way for another test if ever there was a person with two nature affinities. So yes, the paper reacts only to an individual's strongest chakra nature or the nature which he/she has a strong affinity towards.
How do Jonin level Shinobi check for their secondary Chakra Natures or decide what other elements would be a good fit for them? Again, this was never stated nor elaborated in Chapter 316 so we can only guess. However, if I were to guess, it was never the case that they have to find out their second strongest affinity to another nature but rather, they would probably choose a second nature to master that would give them an advantage, especially on situational cases. Also, they would probably master a secondary nature that is strong against a nature they are weak on. For example, if one has an affinity towards or if they have their strongest jutsu in Fire Release, they would probably master Earth Release to counteract against Water Release. Or it would be possible that they will just master any element they can. The only thing that can be said is that we can never truly say that a certain chakra nature is a good or bad fit to another certain chakra nature, or that you shouldn't master a certain nature if you possess or have an affinity towards another certain nature since it depends on many things.
Apparently, you can master all releases through training. Examples of shinobi who did so are Hashirama Senju, Tobirama Senju, Hiruzen Sarutobi, Orochimaru and Mū. Other possible ways to acquire master all chakra nature include:

Possession of the Rinnegan to shorten the learning process.
Acquiring the Six Paths Senjutsu and Truth-Seeking Balls.
Possession of the Bashōsen allows any shinobi the usage of all five
natures.
Using Earth Grudge Fear to gather hearts with other chakra natures (Kakuzu)

Yup. In short, it's implied that everyone only has one affinity. This just means that it's the chakra nature that's easiest for a shinobi to learn. Lots of shinobi master natures outside of their affinity, but this is not the same as their affinity.

I think thats what is kinda confusing me @ahiijny lets take Boruto for example, he is stated to have 3 chakra natures.  Does he have affinity to all 3 elements, if not then what is his main affinity? cause I actually developed this question when i was thinking what would happen if Boruto used the "Chakra induction paper".  And note that he never had difficulty in mastering wind or lightning, which lead me to think that he was born with an affinity to multiple nature types.

Also, logically speaking, a person with a kekkai genkai ability to form tetiary releases, e.g wood or ice can use 2 elements simulteneously to create something new. In such cases don't they have affinity to multiple elements?

@Rumpelstiltskin To use an analogy, I'd imagine that "affinity" is sort of similar to first-past-the-post voting. A shinobi's chakra affinity is like the candidate who gets the most votes. That's just by definition; affinity is the chakra nature that a shinobi would find easiest to use. But this doesn't say anything about how wide the gap is. e.g. it could be that a shinobi finds two natures pretty easy to use, but it's just that one nature is just slightly easier to use than the other one (e.g. like the winner winning by only 1 vote). There would still only be one winner.

And of course, like the "nauseated" vs. "nauseous" distinction, lots of people in practice use words in ways that the original definers didn't intend, and language evolves. People these days seem to tend to also use affinity to mean "well they're pretty good with that nature". This is unlike chakra paper, which allegedly only responds only the #1 strongest nature. As for kekkai genkai, they're weird edge cases, so I'm not sure about those.

As for Boruto, he can use those 3 elements pretty easily, so it's not clear which element is his affinity. Some have speculated that it's lightning release because it was so easy for him that he added it to his rasengan without thinking, but apparently this was wind release in the novels, which is pretty confusing :/

I'd like to add, that Chakra strength/weakness forms a circle. Having a affinity to one chakra nature, makes it easier for you to learn it. hte second chakra nature a jonin must be able to controle is often a neighbor of their affinity, since that is easier for them to learn too because its next to the affinity one.


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The Unknown clan
One of the most interesting clans in my opinion is Juugos clan, the clan with the ability to enter sage mode but with a downside of uncontrolled "Beserk sessions".
Lord Orochimaru experimented on Juugo and later on, found that the source of Juugo's clans power was from the Ryuuchi cave;

Does this mean Juugo's clan originated at the Ryuuchi cave?
 Also, is Juugo the last surviving member of his clan?

It just means that the power originated from there. That is not enough to say that they themselves originated from the Ryūchi Cave.
We don't know. The only known member is Jūgo, who was said to have voluntarily gone to Orochimaru. It is possible that the clan still exists and has members. It's unknown.


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How does Orochimaru exist in all of his curse marks
Orochimaru gave quite a lot of people curse marks and i'm not sure if this is mentioned in the series but it seems like most of all those curse marks had Orochimaru living in them.
What i mean by this is: Orochimaru was able to come out of Sasuke's curse mark (during Sasuke's battle with Itachi). And also, Sasuke used Anko's curse mark to perform a reverse curse sealing Jutsu to revive Orochimaru.
Does that mean orochimaru kinda did the same thing that Voldermoth did in Harry potter? (Like seal bits of himself into all his curse seals?) but then wouldn't that mean that since he sealed pieces of himself into lots of other people then he should have lost some powers or stuff? However, Orochimaru seemed to be getting weak because his vessels couldnn't contain him. *Was an explanation on how his curse seals work ever given? *
I'm finding it difficult in grasping exactly how the Cursed seals that Orochimaru used work. Especially how he could be revived using any of the cursed seals. Can anyone clarify?

Basically, your Voldemort analogy is right. He is able to put his Chakra into people through the curse mark.  This is basically putting a bit of himself in them.
 You find out later that doing so (as well as other things) has left him weakened. This is why he wants Sasuke's body to regain his full strength.


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How is the moon still Intact
The sage of six paths sealed the remaining part of the Juubi and formed the moon. I'm guessing he did it in a planetary Devastation kinda way. If that were the case then the Gedo Statue should have been the Core of the moon.
When Madara Stole the Gedo Statue, Shouldn't that have upset the equilibrium at the Core? (Considering just how large the gedo Statue is). I'm trying to understand this cause assuming the Juubi was sealed into forming the moon then wouldn't releasing the Juubi also mean undoing the seal, thereby causing the the moon to like, fall or something?

What makes you think that the gedo statue should have been the core of the moon? Also, the manga contradicts itself about how the moon was created. Anyway this is a good question but unfortunately it was never explained, people could only guess. My good guess is that that's too much physics for naruto and not really important to the storyline for it to be explained :D

Probably it was not Earth's moon,some other planet's moon.Anyway,don't bring science into this lol,I agree with Elsbobokshy.

@IslamElshobokshy from what i said earlier, If Hagoromo used Planetray Devastation to seal the Juubi. Then just like how Nagato did it, everything  within a specific radius will be attracted and traped in an overlaying lap of rocks and then formed the moon.  The Juubi would also have been trapped into it becoming the core of the moon


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Did Boruto inherit Naruto's large Chakra reserves
Everyone knows just how large Naruto's chakra reserves are.

 My question however is if Boruto inherited the large life force and massive chakra of the Uzumakis. So far, he's able to use 3 clones easily without any problems but then again, His father could do way more at his age.
Are there any indications so far in the anime, which could prove that Boruto might possibly have inherited the massive Chakra reserves of his father.

 I'm really interested in this because that is the only way a person can master sage Mode (If they have enough Chakra to withstand the force of Natural energy), and if Boruto did Inherit the massive Chakra load of his father then the possibility of him mastering sage mode will be pretty high i guess

Naruto himself doesn't have much more than the average amount of chakra.  The only reason he is seen as having more is because he's using Kurama's chakra for the entirety of the series.
Bourto by extension does not have a Tailed Beast inside of him, so he would not have nearly as much chakra as his father.

Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat.

@TheAnimeScientist The chat room can now be reached again. It got deleted for inactivity

Hmm.. I think large chakra reserves / longevity is one of the unique traits of Uzumaki clan (which is why they are commonly selected to seal Kurama inside them). So I think Naruto's normal chakra reserve is definitely greater than rest of the characters irrespective of him consuming Kurama's chakra as well

Naruto in episode 1 with him being sealed and chakra even being suppressed to hold back kurama with the seal. Still creating hundreds of shadow clones. Naruto has way more chakra than the average shinobi not including kuramas at all. He also has kuramas chakra some of every other tailed beasts chakra and half of the sage of six paths chakra… and by the way each shadow clone uses half the users chakra… kakashi even said when naruto was a kid that naruto had atleast 3x more chakra than he does.

So...Naruto have Hagoromo's chakra and Hinata have Hamura's chakra... So I think that's the reason about future control of Jougan from Boruto. So, I think that Boruto have more than average amount of chakra, because the parents.

Remember the Episode 1 of Naruto? Boruto is around the same age as him at that time,
Boruto can make few clones, YES. but Naruto at that time can't even make a single clone (he made a single boneless clone),
That's the reason he's the only one who didn't graduate at that time. But the story twisted when he stole the Scroll which contains forbidden jutsu/s
and he only got one (I think) and it is called Tajuu Kagebunshin (Multiple Shadow Clone) which is forbidden because it requires massive chakra (which is he is qualified), normal person who uses this will be in great danger.
Now the only difference is, Boruto is way more better than Naruto in his age. If Boruto learns to use Multiple Shadow Clone jutsu, I Believe he would do more clones than his Father.
Also: Naruto's weakness (making shadow clone) becomes his most used technique and it becomes normal for him to use Multiple Shadow Clone as he age.
Answer: yes he inherit Uzumaki's Life force & Chakras

I think that boruto doesn't have as much chakra as naruto. People think that boruto has the same amount of chakra as naruto because naruto was not even able to make a perfect clone at the beginning of the series. Buth the thing is that naruto has so much chakra that it becomes extremely hard for him to control his chakra correctly, plus the fact that seal used for the nine tails also affects his performance. The shadow clone jutsu and the multiple shadow clone jutsus were easier for him to be applied because those techniques required a lot of chakra compared to a simple clone. On the other hand, Boruto always had a great chakra control, and not as much chakra as his father, so it was easier for him to make normal clones. Now the real difference between naruto and boruto doing shadow clones is that naruto has so much chakra that even without wanting to, he releases a pretty high amount of shadow clones, while boruto has to concentrate a lot to get a high amount of clones, since he has not inherited the chakra of his father.
Also, I personally think that naruto became one of the ninjas with the best chakra control. Considering that he fought for 3 days straight during the 4th ninja war (Including 1 complete day were sasuke was doing whatever he was doing) using advanced techniques that cost a lot of chakra, such as:shadow clone jutsu, rasengans here and there, and thats pretty much it considering that he only knows a few teqhniques. I will not include the rasenshuriken or the bijuu dama since they are created via nine tails chakra or the sage mode natural energy.


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Could Sasuke use the six paths of Pain?
I got into a hot conversation with a friend concerning how the Rinnengan works and I'd like to the clarify the requirements for using the 6 paths of pain;

Just like how Nagato and Obito Uchiha could divide the six paths power accross a bunch of dead bodies, could Sasuke also use that technique in the same fashion, if the need arises?

Also, has it ever been mentioned if its possible to use the six paths technique on living people? (like divide the six paths across different individuals who are already alive?)

From the wiki, The Six Paths of Pain is

an Outer Path technique that allows a Rinnegan user to manipulate up to six bodies as though they are their own. Since Sasuke is one, he has access to it, although he's only using the Preta Path, as stated in the wiki.  Also since it is based on the six Buddhist Paths of Reincarnation, I don't think this applies to living people.

The numbering corresponds to the of the ordering of six buddhist paths but in general the concepts are entirely different thou @W.Are https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)

Can you specify how different it is? I mean, the Six Paths of Pain manipulates dead bodies. This manipulation, in itself, is influenced by the rebirth/reincarnation of someone into one of the six realms depending on their karma in the past life. And the link you put also talks about the same thing. And even if there were minor differences, it is expected as Naruto just draws influences from Buddhism and is not entirely about Buddhism itself.


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How is the witch Queen the Mother of all witches

In Black Clover episode 57; when Vanessa went back to the witches forest in order to help remove the curse on Asta's hand, the witch queen states herself that she is the mother of all the witches in the forest and they are all her descendants.

The statement made by the Witch Queen really confuses me because i'm not sure if she meant it literally or figuratively, Assuming that statement was made literally then how did she create/give birth to all the witches since she stated that she hates men and imperfections.