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What happened to Otonashi and Kanade in the last episode?
In the last episode, Kanade graduated and disappeared. After that, there's a scene where Otonashi meets Kanade outside in the afterlife world. Did they reincarnate and meet again, or have they met before when they were still alive?

Due to long answer on duplicate question on How is it possible that Kanade has Otonashi's heart? and this question is only part of it, I decide to answer this separately.
On that question this is what happen on Angel Beats epilog:

The Alternate World Timeline

Yuzuru gets reincarnated/reborn in the same universe that contains
  the main world timeline, but on an alternate and better timeline.
Kanade gets reincartated/reborn in the same universe that contains
  the main world timeline, but on an alternate and better timeline.
Yuzuru finally meets up with Kanade and they live happily ever after.

However, this is only theory and speculative answer, but from the fact that on this epilog

Kanade is humming Iwasawa's song titled "My Song"

"My Song" is created on afterlife by Iwasawa herself. So it means that this really happen after they met on afterlife, because there's no way she know that song if she didn't met Iwasawa before.


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Why did Itachi seek Tobi's help?
In "Episode 359 : The Night of the Tragedy", it was revealed that Itachi sought the help of Tobi to massacre the Uchiha clan. So the following questions arise out of this situation:

Did he know Tobi's real identity?
Why did he take his help to eliminate the clan (irrespective of whether his identity was known or not)?
Why did he help Tobi by not revealing that he was the village infiltrator as Itachi was always working for the Village?
Why did Tobi agree to help Itachi eliminate his own clan?

Ideally, each question here should be a separate question, but in this scenario all these are closely inter-related and thus have been posted as a single question.

for your last question i gues these might be the reasons:

The Uchiha are extremely powerful, and would have been a major hurdle to overcome in Tobi's overall plan(infinite tsukoyomi). He needed to get rid of as many of them as possible.

Even if the Uchiha managed the coup, they probably would have still opposed casting an infinite Tsukuyomi. Therefore, he would still need to get rid of them.

Also Tobi was pretending to be Madara, and since Madara was betrayed by the Uchiha, he wanted revenge.

The things he told Sasuke during their battle suggests that he thought that Tobi was Madara.
Either because eliminating the entire clan on his own was too tough a mission for him, or because he wanted to infiltrate the Akatsuki to gather information. Also, he had Tobi promise to not hurt the Hidden Leaf or Sasuke.
Because that would blow his cover. He was still protecting Sasuke and the Leaf and revealing his position would make him lose all the things he could have gotten due to #2.
Because, as Madara, Tobi too had a grudge against the Uchiha. Also, he could use someone like Itachi in Akatsuki.

I agree to most of the answer, except for the 4th point. It was never really shown that Tobi had a grudge against the Uchiha clan. Madara could have passed his will to Tobi, but I really doubt if the grudge against the Uchiha was passed on him as well. Can you point out to some sources where Tobi was against the Uchiha or something?

what grudge did Tobi have against the village? madara's cause can be understood, but what was Tobi's?

@Ɍ.Ɉ Tobi was playing Madara at the time, he wanted everyone to think that he was Madara. So he played along because Madara did indeed have a grudge against the Uchiha.

@debal see the comment above.

@MadaraUchiha what grudge does Tobi has against the Uchiha clan?

Another thing one might add is that Itachi may have also asked Tobi to handle the things he could not do. For instance, assuming Sasuke was not the only young child in the entire Uchiha clan, Itachi may have asked Tobi to kill all the babies and children. Although, this is just speculative since we were never shown other Uchiha children.

These questions were mostly answered, or subtly hinted at, in the episode, Kakashi: Shadow of the Anbu Black Ops: Night of the Tragedy. Madara's Ghost mostly answers accurately, though I have to contend with point 4, as some others have.

Did he know Tobi's real identity?

As far as we can tell, Itachi seems to have thought Tobi was Madara, so no.

Why did he take his help to eliminate the clan (irrespective of whether his identity was known or not)?

If I'm not mistaken, it was stated by Sasuke late on that skilled as Itachi was, he couldn't possibly have wiped out their clan by himself. Thus, he needed help. Additionally, Itachi needed to secure a place for himself in the outside world. After killing the Uchiha, he was put in the bingo book. Itachi would have been aware this would happen, and thus it makes sense to team up with Tobi now. Infiltrating the Akatsuki served a lot of purposes. Keeping himself safe meant he was keeping Sasuke safe as well, as his threat to Danzo wouldn't hold a lot of credence if he was dead. I'll note that Itachi needing a place was hinted at in the episode mentioned, and I'm not just speculating wildly. I don't remember the conversation exactly, but Tobi offered him a place in the Akatsuki and I think he says something to the effect that Itachi will need a place to go afterwards.

Why did he help Tobi by not revealing that he was the village infiltrator?

Itachi needed Tobi's help to carry out his mission, so it doesn't make sense to sell out Tobi at this point. Additionally, he needs Tobi's help to keep himself alive (see previous question).

Why did Tobi agree to help Itachi eliminate his own clan?

In the episode I mentioned, one of Danzo's subordinates notes that some Uchiha bodies are gone, as though they just disappeared. With Tobi's power allowing him to suck things into his alternate dimension, this is obviously his work. Thus, we can conclude that Tobi's objective was gathering Sharingan. We see him with these collected Sharingan in jars, for instance, here:

Tobi aka "Obito" was just doing his mission what Madara gave to him to do , Since Obito didn't really cared about their village or his clan anymore because of Rin's death, He hates everybody for not helping Rin. He chose Itachi to join the Akatsuki because he wanted to use him in case Nagato betray him to revive Madara back to life. He was going to put the Senju cell inside of Itachi to create the Rinnegan so Madara can come back for exchange of Itachi life, But Itachi was very too smart for that and that's also why Tobi help Sasuke for the same reason.

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Is there a reason why the actors sound exactly the same as their anime counterparts in the live action movies?
For the first time today I watched Death Note and Death Note the Last name (real life movies) and I noticed that the actors sound exactly the same as their anime counterparts. Why is this?
E.g. Light Yagami in the real life movie sounded exactly the same as in the anime. Is this just me?
Answers are appreciated. :)

Going through Wikipedia's list of Death Note voice actors for the live action movie, it seems that there is not much overlap (if any) between the Japanese actors and the Japanese voice actors for Death Note.
However, going through the first couple entries of the list, it seems that at least a number of the English voice actors for the Death Note anime also functioned as voice actors for the dubs of the live action movies. While this isn't true for some characters (e.g. Naomi Misora) this definitely seems to hold for a number of the voice actors for the major anime characters.

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When they form Project D what does the D stands for?
On Initial D at around third to fourth stage, they finally form the group Project D (or get the left members into it) and somewhere along it Ryosuke mentions that "D" also stands for something else that he would reveal when the project is completed.
What does the "D" stand for?
I know it's not "Drifting" (or so I think, since they name it a lot of times with different meaning along the episodes, but I haven't watched it all yet) so I was thinking on something along the lines of "Driver" but wouldn't make much sense I guess.

I wish I had a better answer for you, as I've seen all of them up through 5th Stage, but drawing a blank right now. I don't think they've came right out and stated it.

I am half way into fourth season so I have a long way till the end and I have not read the manga which I believe it will be where that goes explained if they explain it as they usually cut a lot of those on anime. ;(

I haven't watched the anime, but I read the manga. What 'D' stands for has not been explained explicity, but in the last chapter, Ryosuke Takahashi mentions three words that start with the letter 'D' when he prays to his girl friend. (mouse over to see the spoiler):

 dream, driver, diamond (in the rough).

In the anime Ryosuke explicitly says that D stands for dream even though it's right that he speaks about rough diamonds (young talented drivers)

D stands for dreams and also for diamonds.  Project D leader's dream was to train and uncover young, talented drivers and shape them into incredible drivers: like diamonds in the rough.

It could be the straight line in the D is the straightaway and the semicircle is the drift. That's what I always thought. It could represent the repetition of drifting.


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Why was Tobi not proactive after all missing nins got recruited for Akatsuki?
As far as I know, Tobi didn't come to limelight until Sasori's death (I am talking as per the chronological order of the telly series). He teamed up with Deidara after Sasori's death. He knew Nagato and his team long back but he was not proactive with the organization at the beginning of series.
Why didn't he volunteer himself? Is it because Akatsuki work in pairs and he didn't have anyone? Or was he waiting for the right moment to join with the organization?

It most likely has to be that Obito was just waiting for the right chance. With Nagato being the acting head of Akatsuki, he wouldn't want to just come in and take over because the members wouldn't like that either. Obito was the brains behind the execution of the plan though.

please do put that as an answer!!!!

Its a bit small to be posted as an answer. Also, I don't have any references to support my answer. I'd probably post one when I get some off time(ofcourse if there isn't any other answer by then) :)

sure.....ur answer would be really appreciated if u come with some facts.....although i thought like u initially but i need to understand what do others think about it..... ^_^

Tobi was the brain behind the plan. But he used Nagato to carry out his plan. He exploited Nagato's hatred towards big countries. He was dead as obito for the world. So he wanted to hide and work behind the scene so that he could keep his identity hidden from all before he could collect all bijuus. Also, Land of Rain was always a secretive nation. And Akatsuki already had strong base. It gave him a perfect place to hide himself. But towards the end as more and more akatsuki members died he was forced to come to limelight.

but wouldn't it been better he was active from the start itself?

he could have avoided the death of akatsuki members.....

yeah but he wanted to collect bijuus. except this he didn't have any use of aktsuki. as long as they got bijuus his plan was good. an also akatsuki was able to capture all biijuus except 8 an 9tails. considering their high success rate why would he interfere in their work as they are wiling to complete his work for him.


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Why isn't Baki of the Sand fighting in the Fourth Great Shinobi War?
The last time I've seen him was after the Five Kage Summit Arc. Since then, we haven't seen him. Despite him being a Jonin-level Shinobi, I can't remember him being on the battlefield, so my question is: why is it that this character (along with other Shinobi) isn't included by Kishi in this part of the anime?

Another Jonin level shinobi that is missing from the 4th Great Shinobi War is Kurenai (this maybe because of her pregnancy), Ebisu and Ibiki Morino too are missing and he too is of Jounin level.
Since nothing specifically has been stated about their absence we can only deduce that either
1> These shinobi have been dispatched on some special mission and that is not shown in the manga, or
2> These shinobi have been given the duty to protect the civilians that are not directly taking part in the war.
My two cent would be on the speculation that they are protecting the civilians that are not directly taking part in the war. These civilians need to be protected, and the generals need to dispatch a small group of quality fighters that would be able to defend them or move them to safety.

In the episode where the leaf village is attacked ebisu is shown to be in charge of defending the village.
But I don't know where the rest are sadly.


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Why wasn't Hatake Sakumo (Kakashi's father) revived?
Kabuto was able to revive almost all high grade shinobi figures. But I was just curious to know why Kabuto didn't revive Kakashi's father.
Kakashi's father, known as Konoha's White Fang, was a renowned, high ranking Konohagakure shinobi. Did Masashi Kishimoto intentionally avoid his ET or was there any specific reason for which Kabuto was unable to revive him?
I am asking this question mainly because Kakashi's father was mentioned in many episodes. He was responsible for killing Sasori's parents, which earned him Chiyo's hatred. He was also responsible for Konoha's mission failure for which he took a grave step of committing suicide.
ET's characters like Pakura, Chukichi, etc, got resurrected. Although they were not mentioned until the Fourth Shinobi Arc started, their ET were given more importance than Kakashi's father.

He might just not have found the body! :)

i beleive his grave is in Konoha village....... it was shown in one of the episodes that Kakashi went at night to his father's grave to pay his respect

I think it has more to do with the White Fang's strength. He simply wasn't strong as many of the other revived shinobi.

It wasn't mentioned anywhere. Kabuto never talked about Sakumo when showing off or discussing his reanimations.
We can only assume:

They never found a body, or it was so well guarded that Kabuto couldn't get a DNA sample.
Kabuto was sure of his victory even without Sakumo's DNA, or waited for a right moment to pull him out as a trump card.
Kabuto is an idiot. (He is, what the hell did he think was going to happen when he revived Madara?!).

I mean, seriously, why would he even consider reviving you?

I actually think it was a combination of your first and second bullet points. Sakumo isn't a game changer in terms of strength, and Kabuto takes a risk by trying to fish Sakumo's body out of the Konoha graveyard.

i deny the Ist point since in one of the episode Kakashi visited his father's grave at night...therefore his body was definately there....so Ist option is out...... other two points are the valid one....

@Jiraiya The second clause of his first point is pretty effective. Kabuto needs to go into Konoha to get the body, but Konoha is well guarded. Kabuto doesn't want people to figure out his plan, and on top of that, doesn't want to risk failure for such shinobi. This becomes a high risk, yet low reward situation for Kabuto.

@Jiraiya - Doesn't mean that if a grave is there, the body should be. Kakashi even visited Obito's grave but his body was never there. So the 1st option is still not yet ruled out.

R.J bhai...... please do share your view points too......

@Ɍ.Ɉ and one more thing.....kakshi's father died in his room itself......so there is a high chance that his body could be there in his grave...... therefore and as per my knowlege, itcannot be ruled out....

Sakumo's body was never found like uchiha shisui who committed sucide thats the reason why kabuto coudn't revive sakumo and shisui.

How do you know this?

The theory that Sakumo's body was well-guarded in Konoha doesn't hold merit.  Kabuto was able to obtain Sarutobi Asuma and Dan's DNA to resurrect them, what makes you think he couldn't have gotten Sakumo's?
Also, to the one who said Sakumo was not skilled enough... let's not forget that he was on Sannin level.  Unlike Kakashi, he did not need a borrowed Sharingan to kick butt.
My guess is Kichi forgot about Sakumo.

Your answer is mostly devoted to refuting theories in other answers, and isn't very helpful. Please edit to focus on why you think Kichi forgot about Sakumo.

Sakumo's body might not have been found by Kabuto, we also know he killed himself so his body could have been damaged badly.


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How the Akatsuki members turned all "missing-nin's"?
I know why Itachi went rogue, and why he left the village and joined the organization, and I know from other questions and answers why and how the members arrived to the Akatsuki, but I'd like to know why did the Hidden Villages and the Five Great Nation let these kinds of shinobi's to be excluded from their homes, nations, and eventually life?
Just think about it, since almost every member of the Akatsuki once belonged somewhere, and you should be a fool to mistreat and let go of fighters like: Kisame, Kakuzu, Hidan, etc. All of them are powerful warriors, immortals, owning a chakra level like a tailed beast, prodigies of the century, possessors of Kinjutsu's, etc. How come that a Kage isn't able to understand the importance of these kinds of men, especially when "a nation is reflected by the military power it has" and let them go wild, resulting in their exile from their own native villages?

Missing-nins are not shinobi that got exiled from home. That does not happen.
Missing-nins always are shinobi who went rouge and left their villages willingly.
No village would want a shinobi of theirs going away and possibly to some other village spilling all their secrets? Especially not very powerful shinobi who were probably high in the ranks in their respective villages.

but that still doesn't explain why the village let them to go away? I mean,the leave,because e.g they feel uncomfortable or they were screwed or mocked or I don't know...you're not leaving your home just because

@Rinneg4n Sasuke left because he wants to kill his brother. Just cause he can..

Think of it as "Run away from home" to the max :)

@MadaraUchiha :)))....that would fit:)))

@Rinneg4n what do you mean by "let them go away"? If a ninja plans on going rogue, its not like he goes to the kage and asks for his permission, nor can the kage plead him to stay. Obviously the ninja runs away from the villa, and then they are put in the list of missing nins. Normally Anbus are appointed to elliminate them. That is also depicted by the cut in there headband that shows that they are no longer a part of the village that they previously belonged to.

-Pain and Konan aren't missing ninja(They were rebels that became leaders of Rain)
-Zetsu isn't a missing ninja either, he's a creature of made matter.
-Obito/Madara/Tobi aren't really missing ninja either, he's KIA (Kill in Action)
Sure all four of them are S-Rank and in the Bingo Book(I Assume)
-Deidara became a missing ninja because he stole a kinjutsu(Forbiddin)
-Hidan ended up being blamed for a slaughter of a clan that had gone to the Valley of Hell, he believed that living there you were meant to kill(??) so he slaughtered his neighbours and joined the cult, Jashin.
-Itachi Uchiha(Really? Everyone knows how he became a missing ninja) He slaughtered his clan(Even if he was ordered/manipulated into doing it)
-Kakuzu failed in his mission of killing Hashirama Senju(The First Hokage) when he got back to his village he ended up being treated horribly (Kinda like what happened with Sakumo Hatake) he began to hate his village for being ungrateful for all he has done, he killed the elders, stole their hearts and fled with some kinjutsu.
-Kisame Hoshigaki has a lot of background, his comrades were selling information and he killed the, the Mizukage praised him for his loyalties to the village, he became disillusioned and in that time Madara(Obito) convinced him to work for him. Kisame became known as a missing ninja mainly became of all the assassinations he did, (The Daimyo being one of them)
-Sasori lost his parents young and when the puppets couldn't mimic the love he wanted/needed he became cold and aloof of human life.he begun to experiment about human puppets and guess just walked from the village.
-Orochimaru...human experiments, got busted, and fled.
-Juzo Biwa(No idea who he is, had to look him up)He is/was one of the Seven Swordsmen of the Mist. He is/was especially known for his brutality. It doesn't say anything on why he left, only that after the Third Great Shonbi War he became a missing ninja.
There hope that's a bit helpful.
Most of my research came from Fandom Wiki...really just google the character, click on the fandom wiki and oh...look at all that information.


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Is it a common practice to change the title into something different?
Sometimes they change the title into something different, and by different I mean it's not an English translation. An example here is Rurouni Kenshin. Although it state that:

Rurouni Kenshin is subtitled "Wandering Samurai" in some English releases.

which makes it the closest translation, as a rough translation of the title would be "Kenshin the Wandering Swordsman". But they also use the name Samurai X for this anime title.

The English-language versions of the OVAs, as well as the film, were originally released as Samurai X in North America, although the original name was included on the later DVD and Blu-ray Disc releases.

But it's not only in North America, as they also mentioned

Sony Pictures Television International created an English-language version of the series, titled Samurai X, that airs outside of the United States

I don't know if there's another anime that also does this, but I've never seen something like this recently.

I'm not sure but some programs, not necessarily anime, but shows like Mako Mermaids in Australia is called An h2o Adventure in other countries if that's what you mean.

It's a fairly common thing even with movies, other types of TV shows, books, etc.

Many titles are changed to attract an English audience. I mean, what sounds more interesting: Wandering Samurai, or Samurai X? Otherwise, there's an issue with the Japanese title, as it is not very attractive to an English-speaking audience. What's Rurouni Kenshin? Nobody would understand it from the tons of other Japanese-titled series. We do this to series, like Hayate no Gotoku, and change it to Combat Butler. Or Kodomo no Jinkan

This occurs pretty often, it is called Cultural streamlining

To accommodate American viewers, anime dubbed in the United States is usually modified to suggest it occurs within the United States or a fictional country thus resembling it. This is commonly achieved by substituting Japanese elements in a series by elements drawn from American popular culture, modifying food or other products to resemble their American equivalents and by replacing Japanese writing with English writing.

A very simple example as was given on the wiki is Ash from the Pokemon series carrying a sandwich in the American version while in the Japanese version he carries a onigiri
The same counts for the titles of those kind of series, aka the wandering samurai instead of Rurouni Kenshin. Because most of their audience would not even know what a Rurouni is.
Changes such as Samurai X usually are done for audience stereotyping, a series called Wandering samurai is less likely to be watched by a female audience. While the name Samurai X is also more attractive to the female audience, which broadens their audience for more income of the series.
In the end all Renaming of characters/titles is mainly for marketing purposes.


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How did Dante or the Homonculus seal Greed the first time?
In Full Metal Alchemist, Greed was imprisoned for 140 years (I think, please correct if wrong). My question is:
Who sealed Greed? How was he sealed/what type of transmutation/technique was used, and why was he sealed away for so long?
I am pretty sure I'm missing something, but I don't understand what.

Just checking: are you talking about the manga/brotherhood or about the original anime?

The original. Full Metal Alchemist. Not sure about Brotherhood as I haven't watched it.

Greed was sealed by Evny under Dante's orders because of his namesake, he got too greedy and rebelled against her.
How he was sealed was that a Transmutation Array was drawn on the walls of his cell and the skull from the body of the human he once was is centered on one of the walls, i think the array is different to the one Dante uses to drain Greed of the Red Stones and more of an amplifier for the paralysis inducing effects of a Homonculi's remains has.
When the array shuts down because of the damage to the lab (seen when the array isn't lit up) Greed is able to move around more freely and even takes his skull with him so while me may have still been weakened from having his remains nearby he's not as weak as he was when the array was active.
However that's speculation on my account of the array in the room, we do know in the 2003 anime Homonculi are weakened when they are in the presence of their remains (or in Wrath's case a reminder of when he died), Greed's skull is used to keep him trapped and that the array made him weaker when it was active than what just the skull did.
We also know the array in lab 5 doesn't work in the same way as the one in Dante's residence when Greed visits her as when it activates he vomits up the Red Stones, considering how long he was trapped he would have been near death if he had kept vomiting Red Stones as we see just how bad of a shape he is in when he was in Dante's trap for even a few minutes.

I'm not sure if all your questions can be answered, but...
The wiki states that Envy sealed him in the bowels of the Fifth Laboratory, and the lab's page states that it "served as an alchemical prison and stasis field." This implies that something was used to limit his movement or abilities, although we may never know exactly what may have done that. I'm guessing it is technical alchemical knowledge that we did not need to know, and so none of it was shown.
Or perhaps the walls there were just too much for Greed to dig through, so he could have simply been locked inside a room for 130+ years until Barry sets off the explosives that finally free him. It's an anime mystery that gives us fans a topic of conversation!


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What are the laws or policies against using anime characters for application development?
What I mean is, if I am trying to make a mobile game (say Pokemon), am I allowed to use the same characters as the anime? If not, then what are the rules and regulations regarding this kind of situation?

I don't think anyone on this site is qualified to answer this. (As we've previously addressed.) That said, pretty much any way you use copyrighted material in a product you profit from is illegal unless it falls under Fair Use (which can still be hard to argue). So, no, you would not be allowed to make your own Pokemon game.

This question appears to be off-topic because it is about legality of creating anime-related products, a subject which is beyond the scope of this Stack Exchange.

Take a look at this article at Anime News Network entitle "The Law of Anime", it mentions copyrights on characters:

Fanart and doujinshi of actual characters can be considered a derivative work under the copyright holders’ rights. As a result, the production of artwork using copyrighted characters can be considered an infringement. This includes work depicting multiple characters from different works as several infringements. Thus crossover doujinshi or fanart infringe on multiple copyrights, once for each work involved in the crossover, and the artist can be sued by any of the creators. This is not just limited to having the actual characters (i.e. drawing fanart of Transformers and My Little Pony on the same image) but includes even more subtle references (i.e. drawing the cast of Tiger & Bunny in the costumes of the Avengers) as infringing on more than one copyright.
...
Parody and satire are uniquely protected elements under United States law. The two are not interchangeable however. Parody and satire are unique from each other in what they use a copyrighted work for and how much of the copyrighted work they use. Consequently, each is afforded a different level of protection under United States law.

So, as should be obvious. Using the likeness of an anime character for a mobile game is copyright infringement, it's cut and dry and leaves little room for interpretation. You can maybe get away with it if you can prove that it's either Fair Use, a Parody, or a Satire.


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Why is Naruto's name Naruto?
I've been pondering this question because Shikamaru's name is from his dad's (Shikaku), Ino's name is from her dad's also (Inoichi); Shino is from Shibi and Choji is from Choza. Okay, maybe not all of the characters' names are from their dad's, but I'm just wondering. :D TIA

I wonder how Masashi Kishimoto chose the name.

Naruto's father was Namikaze Minato, who had been Jiraiya's pupil.
As we know, Jiraiya wrote, and the main character of his first book was named Naruto.

Because he enjoyed the book so much, Minato chose to name his then-unborn son after the character of Naruto in the story, in the hopes that his son would too grow up to be just like the protagonist. Even though Naruto was not aware of this until sixteen years after his birth, he nevertheless is just like the protagonist.

From Naruto Wikia.
So Naruto got his name from a character Jiraiya created in one of his books.

Yeah a.k.a the gutsy ninja.:)

In addition to the accepted answer, which is correct.. Jiraiya got the name 'Naruto' for that character while he was eating ramen. One of ramen's toppings is called 'narutomaki', and that's where Jiraiya got that character's name, 'Naruto'.

As you may know, Jiraiya was an author, as well as the teacher of Minato, Naruto's father.
His first book, The Tale of the Utterly Gutsy Shinobi featured a protagonist who held the ideals of Jiraiya and was called - Naruto (possibly named so after the food).
Minato liked the book very much and decided to name his son after this character.

Nagato was one of Jirayaya's students. Nagato inspired the hero of the story, and so the character was named Naruto, after him. Naruto's father then named his son after the character of the story.

I think Kishimoto gave naruto his name because it fit the theme of his mother's maiden village: the village hidden in whirlpools. Since Naruto roughly translates from Japanese to mean maelstrom or whirlpool, it is very likely Kishimoto bequeathed the protagonist name to be this since he already had his mother's last name, uzumaki, which means spirals or whirlpools.


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Are all animals called by summoning jutsu able to speak?
I remember that all toads summoned by Jiraiya or Naruto were able to speak. I know that Tsunade's snail or Orochimaru's snake is able to speak, too. But what about the Ninken? I know that Pakkun can talk, but what about Kiba's Ninken and the others (I know around 3–4 dogs out of 9)? I know that the Pain summonings aren't able to talk.
Is there a rule that every animal can talk, or something like this?

Although they didn't explicitly show whether they can talk or not, but one thing is for sure: that Pakkun can talk.
Kiba's Akamaru can't talk, so we can assume that other dogs of Kakashi also can't talk (since there is no evidence in the manga or anime).
So in order to answer your question: "Is there a rule that every animal can talk, or something like this?" I would say "No, it is not mandatory for animals to talk."

No, not every summoned animal can speak.
For example when Naruto learned summoning the toads, he first summoned a tadpole, which was not able to talk. Now you could say it was just too young to speak, but it didn't make any vocal sound at all, like crying etc.
As far as I know none of the Inazuka's clan's dogs are able to talk either, nor do I think that Itachi's crows were able to speak.


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Do we know anything about Obito's parents?
After Rin was killed, he went rogue and attacked Konoha with the Nine-Tails, and he was obsessed only with his Tsuki no Me plan. Didn't he have any sibling, parent, or someone to care about?? I don't remember seeing anyone close to Obito besides his teammates.

The Naruto Wikia article on Obito Uchiha states:

Obito grew up not knowing who his parents were, leaving him alone and forced to fend for himself. This sad upbringing led Obito to dream of one day becoming the Hokage so that the people of the village would acknowledge his existence.

So I think no, he didn't have any parents, siblings or friends, until he met Rin and Kakashi. That is why he was obsessed with the Eye of the Moon plan. On second thought, I think Obito was rejected even by the other Uchiha, so he was totally alone.

thanks for the quick answer...I thought that he was alone, I just couldn't remember that part,not in the anime or the manga..

i didn't understand two things:  1)Which plan are you talking about? 2)Why would Obito be rejected by other Uchiha?As far as I know there were no mentions about his rejection

Tsuki no Me 2)Not to know who his parents were?? c'mon...in a clan like the Uchiha, everyone knows everything,so my guess is, that his parents were involved in some "shady business",maybe evene killed by the Uchiha? (theory).I would bet,that Obito was alone,just like Naruto was after the village left him alone, that could explain the fact,that he wanted too to become Hokage:"led Obito to dream of one day becoming the Hokage so that the people of the village would acknowledge his existence."..same as Naruto

Expanding on Rinneg4n's answer.
There was a picture of Obito's parents. The photo is aged and has tears, while also being fastened to the wall, instead of tacked. It's probably leading to the assumption that it is very old, and that his parents had died when he was a young age, perhaps during the Second or Third Great Shinobi Wars. Uchiha are a clan built on feelings, and Obito's feeling of loneliness are what fueled his goals with his teammates and his hope of being Hokage.
Of course this by theory, and other people have made assumptions such as them being Rin's parents, alluding to Obito being a stalker, or that Kagami Uchiha (Shisui's dad) is really Obito's dad, since the age difference is not all too impossible, considering Hiruzen had Asuma, and Asuma was Obito's classmate, while Hiruzen was in the same class as Kagami. This leads to fan-theories of Obito being Shisui's brother. Of course nothing is set in fact, as Kishi hasn't released any further information pertaining to Obito's parents.


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Does Obito master the Summoning Jutsu?
I've seen the recent episode of the anime, and I saw when Obito summoned Kurama. I'm interested in the fact that does he get into some kind of "contract" with some animals/things? (That would mean that he is really able to summon.) I've checked on the Narutopedia, and it appears only the Gedo Mazo is attached to his name, so is the summoning of the Nine-tails just a normal/simple summoning technique? Because you must have that kind of bond between you and the summoned animal, which is made with your chakra/blood, just like Naruto did with the toads and it would be weird if you would be able to summon a tailed beast just "because".

From the the battles of Minato vs Obito and Hashirama Vs Madara I can recollect three important things:-

Both Sharingan users[Obito and Madara] casted genjutsu to Kurama[Kyuubi] and as a result they were able to control it.Kurama was bound to obey them
There was some contract seal between the caster and Kyuubi.
Both Minato and Hashirama used their contract seal.

More about Contract Seal is explained here:-

Though the Contract Seal removes the summoner's ability to control its summon, it does not give the user of the fūinjutsu the ability to control the summon in turn.

From what I can speculate Obito got some information about the contract seal from Uchiha tablet or directly from Madara.

great!.....the nr 2 is the most interesting, that would fit to answer the question...+1

Of course, Obito mastered the Summoning Jutsu.The great disaster in Konoha was caused by Kurama and the one who summoned the Kyuubi was Obito Uchiha.

Tailed Beasts are not animals. They are large mass of chakra with there own consciousness. In the first fight between Hashirama and Madara, Madara could use Kyuubi like his summoning. That time Kyuubi was not bound within a jinchuriki. So I think someone as powerful as Madara could easily control the tailed beasts by overwriting their consciousness. And since Obito now had combined power of Uchiha as well as Senju, IMO he was strong enough to summon the tailed beast and use them.


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Can a soul that is normally freed from the Edo Tensei be resurrected again?
This Edo Tensei looks pretty complicated and annoying, since the revived one is immortal and powerful. As we've seen, every soul was freed and moved to the afterlife (by this I mean normally freed from the jutsu), so if someone decides to use this jutsu again, could it be possible to bring back again a dead person (meaning that until you run out of DNA samples and vessels, you can bring back anyone an infinite number of times)?
Being an exception, I'm not reading the manga, but unfortunately I know that the Hokage's are revived, and in the cases of Hashirama and Tobirama, they were revived a second time, BUT they were sealed in the Shinigami, so their souls aren't brought back from the pure world (again, I have no idea about their second arrival, please, no spoiler, just I've mentioned that they came from somewhere else).
So for example, could be Itachi brought back again and again with the Edo Tensei, or after his first revival and after his soul sealed, his soul would be "blocked" somewhere in the pure world, forbidding another resurrection of that soul?

souls like that of sasori cant be called back again. they are not bound to mortal world now. they don't have any purpose now. as for itachi i guess he can be called again, but then again edo tensei is known to only one living person now(orochimaru). so chances of endless resurrection is not possible.

In order to answer your question, whether a freed soul from ET may be resurrected again or not, I will those points which has been aired on telly so far.
Yes, you can resurrect it.
Before I answer this question, you need to understand how ET works. For this, please refer here. Since you specifically said not to use any spoilers, you can visit the link which I shared.
For more proof, visit Edo Tensei wiki page. They did mention that:

It is possible for a reincarnated shinobi to be revived into a real living body again. Madara, however, was resurrected without his original eyes, having died without them.


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What happened to Nagato after the reanimation jutsu got released?
As Itachi was able to stop Kabuto's ET, the reanimated souls got released.
But what happened to Nagato?
Since he was pierced with Itachi's Totsuka Blade, will his soul be released? Or will he be trapped in the sake jar?

I haven't found a proper answer, it seems to me that this one is unanswered, yet Nagato stated this before the sealing was over:

Bidding them farewell as the sword seals him, Nagato remarked that he was going to rejoin his teacher in the afterlife. With Nagato sealed, Kabuto cursed the fact that Nagato's mobility was hampered.

So it appears to me that Nagato knew that he'll be released and he would meet Jiraiya in the afterlife. Btw, don't forget that every sealed reanimation body was released (e.g all the Kages), so we could assume that along with them, Nagato was freed from the jutsu, too.

thanks for the quick answer, i wasnt sure only because he was sealed with the totsuka blade but like you stated with the quote it seems to me that he would be released.

The last statement isn't true, the jutsu which sealed the kage was a different jutsu than the jutsu which sealed nagato. He didn't get released from the seal

Nagato was released from Itachi's seal when Itachi undid the Edo-Tensei, Nagato knew he would rejoin Jiraiya, because he had no doubt that Itachi would be able to stop kabuto and undo the Jutsu, when Itachi sealed him, it was because he was the link to the Totsuka blade, when Itachi released (Killed) himself by undo-ing the Jutsu, there was no more link, thus freeing Nagato to the afterlife with Jiraiya again.


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Is it possible for a Bijuu to die?
I've been surfing on a page, and I found a comment which appears weird to me:

If you KILL the Jinchuuriki, the demon fox will die too...

It's hard to believe that this one is real, but then it just popped up in me that is there some way for a Bijuu to die?
Note that all of the Akatsuki members were ordered to weaken/exhaust their target Jinchuuriki, but stay vigilant not to kill him. That should give some base to the theory that they can be killed.

In the episode where the three sannin are fighting and Naruto's heart is damaged by Kabuto, the kyuubi describes everything going black, like he's dying too. I have no other evidence, though.

Wasn't it so that only ONE biju really has a chance to die...Kurama due to the special seal naruto has which sealed it into him?

A bijuu can indeed die, in a way.
A bijuu is purely made up of chakra, some times the are even referenced to as Chakra Monsters. The same rules apply to the bijuu as to all the normal humans in the world. If your chakra runs out, you die.

quoted in naruto episode 50-60, or when ever it was that the chunin exams went on and the sand attacked the leaf, sasuke and kakashi were off training when kakashi told sasuke "well your about good for 2 blast", refering to chidori. then sasuke said, "what would happen if i tried a third?" kakashi then said "in the turn that you try to force a jutsu, not only will it not work, you use up all your chakra, worst case scenerio, you die" so if you do lose all your chakra, you do die. as quoted from

This means that if a bijuu runs out of chakra he dies. If the jinchuuriki dies with the bijuu still inside of him the bijuu will die.
in this last case there has also been stated that if the jinchuuriki die's with the bijuu inside of him he we revive

in chapter 503. On page 14 Kushina tells Minato her plan to reseal the Kyuubi within herself and then commit suicide. That was she says that the Kyuubi's resurrection will be delayed.

so upon the death of the jinchuuriki the tailed beast will disappear for a while. But it'll reappear again after some time. It is also said that this reappearance is on a random location. If the bijuu retains his original memory is also not known.

interesting answer, I'll accept this one,if no other will come, but first you say:" if the jinchuuriki dies with the bijuu still inside of him the bijuu will die."..then you say:"so upon the death of the jinchuuriki the tailed beast will disappear for a while",so these are two different results after the same situation..so pick one:))but if the bijju will reappear in the case his jincuuriki would die, (we aren't talking about the death of the bijuu),but there won't be the same if he would end up using all of his chakra?

@Rinneg4n If the bijuu dies will inside the Jinchuuriki he will die along with the Jinchuuriki and be reincarnated later on. So he will come back in xxx time. The full usage of his chakra leads to permanent death atleast with the knowledge of the universe we have so far.

@Rinneg4n This happened to Isobu (3 tails). He was sealed in the previous Mizukage when the Mizukage died (as shown when Tobi did his Jinchuriki Six paths technique). Later on, he was seen without a host and captured by Deidara and Tobi.

A Bijuu can die. I remember when Kurama threatened Sasuke, he said "Don't kill Naruto", maybe because he was scared that if Sasuke kills Naruto, he would die, too.
About the chakra level, I can't imagine a Bijuu running out from chakra and die.
Manga episode 309:

A bijuu is simply a being made purely out of a hell of a lot of Chakra. Chakra like any type of energy can't be created or destroyed. Hence if a bijuu is 'killed' it's chakra will disperse and then it will reform as its chakra comes back together. This also applies for if its host is killed, the bijuu's chakra will disperse before it eventually reforms. This is why the Alatsuki were told to weaken and not kill the jinchuuriki because if they did it would take time for the bijuu to reform which would be very inconvenient for their plans as they would have to wait possibly years for the bijuu to reform during which time the hidden villages could mount some form of offensive against them to get their bijuu back.

Actually, from what I have seen in Naruto Shippuden. A bijuu can "die." In this circumstance it's chakra gets dispersed. However, over time the chakra recombines to form the tailed beast


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How is it possible for Obito to have his right Sharingan intact?
When we see the old Madara talking to Obito after he was found, we can see that his right part of the body is destroyed and replaced with that artificial, Hashirama cells included "body", and we can also see that his face is in a pretty bad shape, too, but he's got his right Sharingan. How it happened, that his right eye came out harmless after that incident?

i beleive you don't read manga !!!!!!

nope..only anime...thats why I hate asking,because almost everybody reads manga,so something that would be an interesting question, it's already answered in the manga,'cause they are like 60 chapters in front of us(the anime watchers)

There's no actual reason given. It was stated that "Madara managed to save his eye".
It was also half-implied that his Mangekyo was awakened for a brief moment and allowed him to slip through the rocks (Madara said something similar to that when Obito awoke for the first time).

I also wondered about this. His right side was crushed, yet his left-half of the face is more scarred than the other half. I can understand why his right side is "normal", using the First's cells, even his eye could be saved by Hashirama's "stem cells", but how to explain this scarred face?

I think it's a plot hole. If you think that the Mangekyo was awakened for a moment, since we saw when he really awakened the Mangekyo, it may be a healing technique that he used to save just Obito's right eye, not his entire body. But I can't imagine his Sharingan being the savior because in that case Obito could have managed to slip through the rock with his entire right part of his body.

that's interesting,because we can see that Obito's face is hurt too...it maybe something in your theory, yet,because it wasn't stated...all of those are just theory...still,+1 for this one...


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Why didn't Madara start his own plan when he was still young?
I've seen the newest episodes of the anime, and I was thinking:
I understand that he didn't have the Rinnegan right after the battle with Hashirama, but still, I can't imagine that his recovery from that battle would be so long. He remained alive, and he was the strongest Uchiha, and one of the strongest shinobi in the world (and now with the cells of Hashirama), so why wait for someone (because Obito got to him by chance) if you can start what you want, when you want? With his Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan, he could have built an organization like the Akatsuki, and played in the shadows, just as Obito did. In this way he could have time to search for a pupil, and at the same time, the organization members would search for the Tailed Beasts, and after defeating them, keep them in a "vegetative state" until Madara awakens his Rinnegan to manipulate the Gedo Statue and collect the Bijuu's before he dies (note that he's able to steal the Gedo Statue's power, so with Tailed Beasts inside it, he could have been much stronger, despite his age).
Then pass the Rinnegan to the pupil-> Rinne Tensei-> resurrected Madara has his youth and force back, plus the Tailed Beasts are already in his possession. (And MAYBE even his pupil would've survived and both of them would possess the Rinnegan)-> straight way to Tsuki no Me plan.

the black zetsu is a part of him. so you can say that madara was indeed involved in his plan quite early, in fact just before he died, he created the black zetsu. and it could control obito. so it was like madara did everything.

Madara didn't know he was going to awaken the Rinnegan. He knew about the story with the Sage of Six Paths and the Juubi, he also probably knew about the existence of the Eternal Tsukuyomi. But without the Rinnegan, his plan couldn't have succeeded at all (because the Rinnegan is needed for the Gedo Mazo).
Since Madara didn't know he was going to awaken the Rinnegan, or what the requirements were, he couldn't have started his plan.
Sure, in retrospect, if he had known he would awaken the Rinnegan at a later point, starting to collect the Bijuu early might have been a clever move.

Note that even his current plan had flaws in it:

Obito never planned to resurrect Madara. It was Kabuto who made the fatal mistake of reanimating him (having been tempted by Black Zetsu with Madara's corpse), and thinking he could control him. Obito's plan was to complete the Infinite Tsukuyomi himself, and create a world in which Rin lives.

but if it's true,what you said,that "he didn't know he was going to awaken the Rinnegan", then why did he fused his body with Hashirama's cells, and why did he dreamed about the Tsuki no Me plan?(because, I can't imagine that Madara invented to accomplish this plan just after he awakened the Rinnegan)..so if he knew the story about what did you mention above, he must have started this whole thing right after the battle at the Valley of the End

He implanted the cells to recover, not awaken the Rinnegan.

@Rinneg4n - Let's say Madara infused Hashirama's cells with an idea of awakening the Rinnegan. But he wasn't sure if that was the actual requirement to awaken the Rinnegan. Since nobody had the Rinnegan other than Rikudu Senin, it was all a myth until Madara awakened it. He wasn't sure that he would definitely awaken it and thus he didn't get on with the job of collecting Bijuus, though Zetsu (black and white) were essentially created with Tsuki no Me plan in mind.

"Obito never planned to resurrect Madara. It was Kabuto who made the fatal mistake of reanimating him, and thinking he could control him. Obito's plan was to complete the Infinite Tsukuyomi himself, and create a world in which Rin lives."
This could be true if Black Zetsu wasn't there. He was the person planning everything in the dark.

 It was never Madara's plan to begin with. He was manipulated by Black Zetsu.
"Seeing them, Madara announces himself the world's saviour, one who has saved the world from itself by replacing the hells of reality with the heavens of dreams. While he is proselytising, Black Zetsu stabs him in the back. Black Zetsu reveals that it has never served Madara, but rather Kaguya Ōtsutsuki, and that it has manipulated him for decades in order to bring about her revival." --- Quoted from Kaguya Ōtsutsuki Strikes.
Black Zetsu is the person who delayed the plan.

Black Zetsu would have rushed the plan, as he wants his mother back.


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What would've happened if Obito didn't accept Kabuto's help?
If they weren't allies, how could Obito just think about capturing both the eight and nine-tails, and win a war in which he was challenging the 5 great nations?
His only weapons were the clones of the white Zetsu, which, regardless of their "copy ability", were such a big failure, and the Gedo statue, which was his trump card. In that way, Obito would stand against an Allied Shinobi Nation, who weren't weakened by the Edo Tensei reanimations, but obviously, he wasn't expecting that Kabuto would search for him and offer a helping hand, so I think that Obito was overestimated by Madara to think that he could manage a plan with such a great magnitude.
And as second thought, what were his plans for resurrecting Madara? Losing Nagato's 7th path, I'm curious how he would've managed this part of their plan. It's kind of luck for both Obito and Madara, that the events turned out as they are right now in the anime...

I guess Obito will lose the war.
Obito seems to have underestimated the 5 nations. Maybe because he thought that he can take advantage of their previous wars and conflicts and never expected that the alliance will truly go in war as one allied shinobi rather than fighting for their own nation.
As for plans on resurrecting Madara, I don't think he still plans to do so since he said that he wants Nagato to use the 7th path on him and his current actions shows that he wants to be the Juubi's jinchuriki himself and the one to cast infinite tsukoyomi and I think he underestimated Madara on that one too.

With the rinnegan, he can defeat the five kage. Also he had gedo statue and 7 tailed beasts at his disposal. If you consider that kabuto never met him, then there would be no itachi and no previous hokage and sasuke would have been on his side. With an EMS sasuke, he can easily win the war. Even if sasuke never joined the battle, he was able to take on kcm2 naruto, bee, kakashi and guy. He would have found a way to retrieve some part of 8 tails and 9 tails chakra either by using white zetsu or by his chakra absorption and gone for an imperfect transformation again by making kakashi force him break the seal by a chidori.

Can you provide any sourcing or citations for this?

I think your hint goes in the right direction, Madara had counted on Nagato to resurrect him, he didn't expect Nagato to betray their plan. And then Madara, with Obito and Nagato's help, could have taken care of the five nations.
From wiki:

Tobi was surprised by news of Nagato's death and, more so, his "betrayal",
  having wanted Nagato to save the Samsara of Heavenly Life Technique for him.

but as far as I know, the user of the Rinne Tensei would die after using the jutsu


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How do fishmen produce water when there is no water around?
I was watching the fight between Luffy and Hody, when Hody tries to use the attack where he shoots water bullets (I think it's called Yabusame).
So I was wondering how he can produce so much water when there is no water around him? Is that some quality of the fishmen or am I missing something?
Here's the image from the fight.

As state on wiki, Hody's body under the influence of Energy Steroids can produce water, so he can make a drip of water even when he wasn't soaked

After overdosing on Energy Steroids, Hody appeared to drip with water even though he wasn't soaked, suggesting that he'd been secreting it.

So I think it's just like sweat, but with greater amount of water

Well if you think of it in a real life standpoint, the air is full of water particles, gather tons of it together and I suppose you can do something like that xD. That's my suggestion, hope it helps.

Fishman Karate Allow you to control water within a certain vicinity, so controlling water particles in the air is possible, and even controlling and using the water within one's body, and one's body almost purely consist of water.
Jinbe also explains Fishman Karate in Chapter 629.


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What is with the shift in Total Eclipse after episode 2?
I started watching Total Eclipse, which I understand is part of Muv-Luv, but I am unfamiliar with. After episode 2, it seems like the whole tone of the show shifts. Is there some background into what's going on? The first two episodes reminded me a bit of Blue Gender, but after reaching episode 9 it seems like that was totally left behind.

I believe its split in 2 parts. Where the second part is a alternative universe

I have not played the visual novels and have not seen any other MuvLuv content, so I can only judge from the anime series. In this series, the two first episodes focus on the background of Yui. You basically witness what she has experienced when she was younger, and then the shift focuses on the 'current day' situation, where Yui is one of the two lead protagonists. Further down the series she reveals some of her background which is consistent with the first two episodes.

It appears I just need to watch further to see it all come together then. It feels pretty jarring to me but we'll see how things wrap up.

@Travis This is reason why many people don't like TE. The directing and theme is all over the place. It only works as supplemental material to the visual novels, not as standalone work.

Exactly. If the series followed the amazing style from the first two episodes, it would've been one of the best series out there. Alas, in my opinion, they botched it with the shift.

The first few episodes are flashback of Yui's past. It basically shown what kind of enemy humanity is facing directly and how front lines of humanity's war look. But rest of the show happens in research&development facility far behind enemy lines with team of people who are not concerned with fighting real enemy. The protagonist is actually concerned that he never fought real enemy and all he ever fought were either other humans or simulations. So the dissonance between those two parts actually makes sense.
If you want to experience the full thing, you should read the VNs:

Hmm, it seems there's a ton more content to get into - more than I'm likely to do. This might just end up on the wayside until I feel like investing more time.

Definitely agree that the VN is the way to go here if you have the time. The Muv Luv Alternative VN consistently ranks as one of the best of all time, and has a great deal of content that never made it into the anime.


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Why is Kairoseki's effect more powerful than the sea?
It is said that the Kairoseki is just a solid form of the sea and have the same effect as the sea.
But why does Kairoseki weaken and negate devil fruit's power, like when a DF user is handcuffed or touched by it, it drains their energy and they lose their ability (Logias can't transform when handcuffed).
In case of sea water, I think it just drains their energy but never negates their ability (e.g. Luffy can still stretch to use elephant gun to knock out Kraken).
And is it ever shown or explained where the Kairoseki came from?

looking at it from physics point of view, maybe because sea water has more surface area so the wavelength affecting devil fruit user gets dispersed easily. while kairoseki being solid with less surface area is able to affect more as it produces more concentrated wavelength so affects more.

Q. It is said that the Kairoseki is just a solid form of the sea and have the same effect as the sea.

Kairoseki is a naturally occurring (though apparently rare) substance that can cancel out Devil Fruit powers and weaken Devil Fruit users. It gives off a wavelength that is the same as the sea itself.

Q. But why does Kairoseki weaken and negate devil fruit's power, like when a DF user is handcuffed or touched by it, it drains their energy and they lose their ability (Logias can't transform when handcuffed).
In case of sea water, I think it just drains their energy but never negates their ability (e.g. Luffy can still stretch to use elephant gun to knock out Kraken).

When comparing two different things, the comparisons should be based on the same terms.
For example, you mentioned that Logia users can't transform when they are handcuffed with Kairoseki, but then, they can't transform when they are in sea either. So this example does not prove that Kairoseki is more powerful than sea.
Next, coming to the Luffy example (Paramecia type).
We know that both Kairoseki and sea weaken Luffy's strength, but we have seen that they do not cancel off his power, i.e. Luffy doesn't have enough strength to use his powers on his own. That is why the strength of his punch weakens when he uses the Elephant gun on Kraken as it goes out of the bubble and makes contact with the sea.
To make it even more clear, I'll give a better example.
When in Arlong park, as Luffy was about to drown in the water, Nojiko had to stretch Luffy's head out in the surface, to try to get him to breathe again. From this it is clear that a DF user (Paramecia type at least) only loses his strength and not his abilities even when under water.
The same way, when handcuffed with Kairoseki, Luffy loses all his strength and is unable to use his abilities by himself. We have not seen any case where someone tried to pull Luffy and was unable to because he was tied to Kairoseki. Thus, there is still a chance that even with the Kairoseki in direct contact with the user, their abilities can be made use of, but by somebody else, and not by the user themselves as they are totally drained out of energy.
Conclusion: This answer doesn't answer the question Why is Kairoseki's effect more powerful than the sea? directly, but rather provides some evidence to show why Kairoseki's effect wouldn't exactly be greater than the effect of sea on a DF user. I used two examples, that of a Logia and a Paramecia type DF user to compare and show the same. Thus the answer would have to be, No, Kairoseki's effect is not more powerful than the sea as we do not have any proper evidence to support such a claim. They both emit the same wavelength and thus, quite fittingly, have the same effect on the DF users.
Update: To support my answer even further, I found an interesting piece of information on the wiki page of Yami Yami no Mi. You can see that (emphasis mine)

The most unique and frightening advantage of the fruit is that the user also has the ability to nullify the powers of other Devil Fruits by simply touching the user and draining them of their abilities. All types of Devil Fruit, be it a Paramecia, Zoan or Logia, are affected by this, though Logias are most affected as they can no longer become intangible by transforming into their respective element. This nullification truly seems absolute, as though the Devil Fruit users had never gained their powers at all. This was shown when Luffy's stretching powers were canceled on touch, unlike the effect of a body of water or seastone, both of which just inhibit a person from controlling their powers. It was shown earlier when Luffy was stuck underwater that his neck could still be stretched above the water's surface, and that Busoushoku Haki would simply nullify the defensive aspects of a Devil Fruit such as intangibility and the malleability of rubber.

I also remember a scene though im not sure if its canon since its from movie Z, where Luffy grabs Z on his arm when they saw him floating on the sea, Luffy is just weakened when but still stretched so i guess kairoseki does not absolutely cancels DF powers.

@NixR.Eyes - I haven't seen the movie, so I can't comment on that, but if you do get a proper citation of that, feel free to add it in the answer. But as far as I know and remember, with what has been said and shown, neither Kairoseki nor sea water nullify the power. They just make the user very very weak to be able to use their powers on their own.

Kairoseki Swords (like the one Smoker uses to Pound Luffy) Would not harm him if it did not nullify his power (which it did hurt Luffy https://youtu.be/Xy8RHMNOWZY?t=1m26s) Luffy does not need to control his powers for them to work, so something is missing here.

Firstly Kairoseki is not solid form of sea "It was stated by Vice Admiral Smoker that Seastone "gives off a wavelength that is the same as the sea itself" making him refer to it as a solid form of the sea".
Smoker was just referring kairoseki as solid form of the sea
It is a naturally occurring substance in the sea which was modified by Vega Punk and was used to make the handcuffs and other materials. (As per the wiki).
Something more from the wiki -
Weakness of devil fruit users

Devil Fruit users are susceptible to all types of water, not just seawater. This includes the white sea surrounding Skypiea. He elaborated on this, saying that "moving" water, like rain or waves, does not weaken Devil Fruit users, while standing water does.
  Oda also said in SBS that it is not until a Devil Fruit user is knee deep in water that they become immobilized, this is seen with the Gorgon sisters and Luffy in Boa Hancock's bath.

Why kairoseki affects so much?

Kairoseki, a special substance that emits the same energies of the
  sea, can also cancel out Devil Fruit powers through physical contact
  with the user. Depending on how much physical contact the users has
  with the Seastone, the more their movement is weakened.

I don't think it answers my question. You just describe the water and kairoseki's effect on DF users.

To begin with. Kairoseki is a natural existent stone in the one piece world Although it is pretty rare quiet allot has been used in the form of handcuffs.
Kairoseki has been said to have the same effect as the sea but this is a bit dependent. Unlike the sea kairoseki is known to come in different desitys and compositions there for the effect of the handcufs might or might not be stronger then the say depending on the composition.
Just like the sea Kairoseki does not totaly negate a devil fruit user. It drains their energy slowly but surely they will be unable to do anything. There for it is possible for a devil fruit user to use his powers underwater aslong as he has some strenght remaining in his body and willpower might also have a bit of a effect on this. Although it still is a bit questionable there where some other exceptions where the user was still able to use powers in some situation.

However, it has been shown that though a Devil Fruit user loses his powers when in contact with the Kairoseki, said powers can still be used on the Kairoseki, as shown seen when Mr. 3's candle wax key could open Kairoseki cuffs and cell doors, though this may be because the locks themselves are not made of Kairoseki or because the wax has no Devil Fruit powers inside it as shown when he unlocked Ace's Kairoseki handcuffs. Another example is when Shiki levitated battleships in Marineford, despite the hulls being lined with Kairoseki. Trafalgar Law was also able to switch Kairoseki chains with regular ones, using his abilities.

Hope this covers most of your questions. Source Onepiece wiki

trafalgar law didn't switch kairoseki chains using his power. he had mixed normal chains with kairoseki chains earlier.

@sp0t so he switched them. Just like he said himself during his lockdown in the cage

yeah but he was tied with normal chains not kairoseki one. so he can switch. but has he been cuffed with kairoseki chains, we don't know for sure whether he would be able to switch or not.

Kairoseki, as stated, "gives off a wavelength that is the same as the sea itself" (not the solid form of sea) and is used to somehow disable the devil fruit powers of the users (only when it is in direct contact with them). As for the story, it only stated that the devil fruit uses are completely rejected by the sea and just drown, nothing is mentioned about cancelling out the devil fruit powers.
Simply put, devil fruit users are afraid of the sea (immobilizes them), and kairoseki (cancels out their powers), and they emit almost same wavelengths.
As for the origin, nothing is mentioned in the story. Same is the case is with the Devil Fruits. They just exist in the One Piece's world like a natural thing.
As asked in the question, the effect only seems more effective because the user becomes incapable of using devil fruit powers, making the user completely normal human.
This however raises another question whether the devil fruit user will drown in sea while in contact with kairoseki, to which I would like to know myself.


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Why are there songs in OSTs and music albums that don't appear in the anime?
There are songs from OSTs, or even full albums by bands or singers in the anime, that I have never heard in the anime. Some music albums for which this is true:

Neon Genesis Evangelion: S² Works — many unused songs and alternate mixes or arrangements of existing songs.
Le Portrait de Petit Cossette Original Soundtrack — the song my love, so sweet is never used in the OVA.
Keep the Beats! by GirlDeMo.
God only knows -Secrets of the Goddess- — the full version that is 11 minutes longer than the one used in the OP of The World God Only Knows: Goddesses!

Why do they do this? For fan service? To make us feel like the bands or singers are real artists? Or to get more profits from CD sales? In which case, couldn't they have just picked the cheaper alternative of selecting some existing songs that are good fits for the anime?

I'm having a hard time understanding what you are trying to ask... are you trying to ask why they include certain insert songs, if they're not used in the anime?

@Krazer song on album, I have some full album OST for some anime, but some of those song didn't appear on anime itself

The Opening and Ending tracks are normally shorter for anime, as the songs were usually originals developed before the anime and the artist was paid for a portion of it to be used in the anime, not to mention that the songs also need to fit in broadcast time. On the other hand, there are also Opening and Ending tracks which were purposely made for the anime (or the other way around like the case of Black Rock Shooter).

Some songs are even from full albums by the bands or singers in the anime, but they also didn’t appear in the anime either.

These are probably the singles where Opening and Ending tracks come from, like with a lot of ALI PROJECT's album, as I said above, sometimes an artist is paid for just a portion. Of course, there's nothing stopping an artist building an album around that song as well.
Certain BGMs are sometimes actually a number of BGMs from an anime which were split, which is why sometimes there seems to be some songs missing.
There are also Character CDs, which have audio dramas of a character who had an identifiable theme in the anime, plus extra songs. These can normally be identified with the album art focusing on the characters alone.
Then there are Audio Episodes, I haven't heard to many (and I only know of the Code Geass ones). They use some tracks from the anime, but they also use music unique to the audio episode.

It turns out that the song Mata Ashita from Mahou Shoujo Madoka Magica are in episode 1 and 2 on the Bluray version which I don't have. I only have the regular version, so I haven't heard that song in the anime. After doing some research, I discovered that the other songs are also like that. They are used in the extra episode, or Bluray version, etc.

In some franchises they have insert songs which are generally originals which are shortened and can be bought separately. Some like Love Live are based around CD singles and the anime comes afterward.


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What happens to King Torture's soldiers once defeated?
King Torture's monsters always have some soldiers alongside them.
When the monsters are defeated, they scream "Viva Torture!" and explode. The soldiers, however, have been seen lying defeated on the floor even after a monster's explosion:

Do they also explode and vanish after being defeated?
Or have they been being taken into custody for questioning or something of the sort?
Or are they somehow able to get away?

I think to understand this its important to recognize that the show is all about celebrating Tokusatsu tropes (think Power Rangers). This is why, as in most Tokusatsu shows, all the bosses explode. Now, in most Tokusatsu shows, the minions are just beaten up and then ignored. Frequently they just seem to disappear between shots. There is no particular "canon" explanation of what happens to them for the genre as a whole. Since Samurai Flamenco is emulating these shows, it also ignores the question of what happens to the minions.
So the answer is that they probably do the same thing that minions do in every other show, but nobody knows what that is.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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How was Nagato able to re-awaken and control the Rinnegan?
The Rinnegan originally belonged to the Sage of the Six Paths. He then divided his power between his two sons, which formed the Senju and the Uchiha. For any human being to be able to activate Rinnegan, they need both the Uchiha and Senju DNA. Uchiha Madara, in the last days of his life, was able to activate it, as he already had the Eternal Mangekyo and Hashirama's cells (Senju DNA), making him similar to the Sage.
But the question is: how was Nagato able to re-activate it? Yes, it was Madara who had implanted his Rinnegan in him at a young age, but then, even though the eyes were implanted, Nagato neither had the Uchiha DNA nor the Senju DNA to be able to re-activate the Rinnegan. How was he able to do it?
And as a continuation to it, let's assume he was able to re-activate the already awakened Rinnegan (Madara awakened it originally), how was he able to use it so well and control it without his body taking a toll? He belonged to the Uzumaki clan who may have been the distant relatives of Senju, but that doesn't justify how he was able to control it so well as he did not have any trait of the SO6P, unlike Madara who could now be compared to the Sage (with both DNAs and the Rinnegan).
An example to highlight this is of Kakashi. He got a Sharingan from Obito. But since Kakashi wasn't an Uchiha, his body would take a huge toll on him whenever he used it and had to cover his Sharingan when not using to save Chakra. Though later he trained and excelled at it, he still was a non-Uchiha and thus, his body used to take the toll, though, only after excessive usage. Similarly, since Nagato has no traits of the Sage, his body shouldn't have been able to take the toll of Rinnegan activated full and controlling his 6 Pain paths, and all.
Can somebody please give a detailed explanation of how Nagato was able to awaken and control the Rinnegan?

Nagato did not need to awaken the Rinnegan. Madara already did that part for him (waiting for the Senju DNA to manifest and combine with the Uchiha DNA in order to awaken the Rinnegan). Since Nagato is an Uzumaki, which makes him a distant relative of the Senju, he can control the Rinnegan. All Nagato needed to do was activate the Rinnegan. (Senju relative + evolved Uchiha eye = Able to use Rinnegan)
The important part is Madara had the awakened Rinnegan and gave it to Nagato. Note that since Nagato received the Rinnegan and activated it, he never reverted back to normal eye form or Sharingan form. The best explanation for this is simply because Rinnegan does not cause eyestrain like the Sharingan and Byakugan. Rinnegan is the perfect eye form, and thus does not take a toll on Pain's body.
As for activation, we know that Nagato activated it upon the death of his parents. Keep in mind that these are Uchiha eyes and Uchiha has been known to have a stronger passion for love than Senju. Thus the activation of his eyes were out of love for his parents as he watched them die.
For control, the only requirements for Rinnegan is both Uchiha DNA and Senju DNA(the uzumaki clan were infact relatives of the Senju, sole holders of Sealing jutsu, to smoothen further ties and relations to the senju, and this point konoha, the 1st hokage married Uzumaki Mito, to further strengthen blood ties) which Nagato had. In general, mastering control comes with practice, just like with every other jutsu.
We know that Pain did not have full mastery of the Rinnegan as he didn't master the Outer Path. In order to use the Outer Path, Pain had to sacrifice his life when he revived everyone in Konoha.

"For control, the only requirements for Rinnegan is both Uchiha DNA and Senju DNA, which Nagato had." when was it shown that nagato had uchiha dna?

@Sreepati Nagato got his eyes from Madara. That was his Uchiha DNA

@krikara do you have any idea about this one? http://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/36135/why-could-kakashi-and-obito-move-while-naruto-sasuke-and-even-kaguya-couldnt


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Where can I read the Inazuma Eleven manga online?
So far, I have only found chapter 1 of the Inazuma Eleven manga online. Is there any site where I can read all of the chapters online and legally?

Refer to this : http://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/4696/what-databases-and-listing-sites-exist-for-anime-manga-etc . According to mangaupdates, only 3 chapters were translated.

just a suggestion. For a sports type, anime is always better than its manga

Unfortunately, there are no official English-language localizations of the Inazuma Eleven manga in existence, in print or online.
You can easily verify this by:

checking the Wikipedia page for Inazuma Eleven (manga), which does not list any English-language localizations.
looking at the AnimeNewsNetwork encyclopedia page for Inazuma Eleven and seeing that this page also does not list any English-language localizations.
searching Amazon for "inazuma eleven manga" and seeing that you get no hits that are actually manga.


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How can reanimated bodies get their eyes back?
Okay, this question comes up in my mind most of the time. Considering the basic law on life and death: when a body part is taken from a dead body, it can never get that back. But in Naruto, many reanimated ninjas had lost their eye of some or the other reason (Sharingan, Rinnegan and Byakugan mainly).
As far as I know, Sasuke has taken Itachi's eyes to awaken his powers. So then how could Itachi get his Sharingan back when Kabuto reanimated him? Is there any kind of logic behind this which I've missed out? Or is that some law in the shinobi world? Obito had taken over Nagato's Rinnegan, yet Nagato had the Rinnegan when he was reanimated. Considering the power of Rinnegan which creates stuff, there hasn't been any scene where Sharingan and other eyes of Rinnegan were created and transplanted into Itachi and Nagato.

From Naruto Wiki:

The Summoning: Impure World Reincarnation is a forbidden technique
  where, using a living person as a vessel, a deceased person's soul can
  be called back to the world of the living and bound to it. The vessel
  will then take on the form that person had in life, thereby
  reincarnating them to do their summoner's bidding.

On reincarnation the shinobi is brought back to the living world with the same abilities that they had during their actual life course. With Kabuto's better hold over the Impure World Reincarnation jutsu, he could even enhance the abilities of the resurrected shinobis as he did with Madara
Since the eyes are a part of the body, the reincarnated shinobi has them.
However incase of ninja tools like the swords of the 7 ninja swordsmen, since these are not a part of the body, they were not with the ninja swordsmen on reincarnation. They had to summon them using a scroll.. and the swords that were being used by others were not summoned back to the ninja swordsmen (Chojuro had Hiramekarei with him)


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Where was Danzo when Pain attacked?
When Naruto arrived, he and the toads fought Pain. The only other people of the Hidden Leaf, in my opinion, who were powerful enough to help would be:

Kakashi and other dead people
Guy—not in the village
Tsunade—in a comma
The Uchihas—seemingly defected from the Leaf
Danzo

Where was Danzo? He would not have wanted the Leaf to be destroyed, so I would imagine he would help here and also when Orochimaru attacked the Leaf in part 1.
Is there any hard evidence to support why Danzo didn't help in either attack?

Some of my theories: 1. He may have wanted Tsunade/the 3rd to die, so that he could be Hokage, and he would have helped after that. 2. He wasn't in the village 3. The author did not think of it

Tsunade was not in coma when pain attacked. She went into coma after the attack of Pain, and she used up a lot of her chakra trying to save the inhabitants of Konoha.
No Uchiha was left in Konoha when Pain attacked. The only two living Uchiha's were Sasuke and Itachi who had defected from Konoha and were missing nins.

he is just like vulture/hyena.

Danzo was in Konoha at the time of Pain's attack, at the Root organization's HQ. He even plays a role in the plot.
He first tells Koharu Utatane and Homura Mitokado that Tsunade was risking the loss of Fourth Hokage's legacy by recalling Naruto from Myobokuzan to the village. (Occurs in anime only.) He then kills the messenger frog Kosuke, left behind by Fukasaku to prevent the news of Pain's attack from reaching Naruto, so that the Kyuubi doesn't fall in Akatsuki's hands.
He doesn't help the village for political reasons. He knows that using Katsuyu's healing, Tsunade would prevent a total destruction of the village. He could then lie low until Tsunade is removed from power, and then become the Hokage himself. (see images below, taken from Chapter 421 and 424.)
His not helping during Orochimaru's invasion was also presumably for the same reason, that is, to try to remove Hiruzen from power and become Hokage himself. Either that, or Kishimoto had not planned for Danzo at the time.

It's the exact same with the Kyuubi's invasion. He was hoping that the Third and Fourth would fail to protect the city, so that he could rise to power. What a jerk.


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Chakra nature of Tailed Beasts
As we all know that Kurama's chakra is of the healing nature type. This is known from many mentions about it in the wiki page of Naruto Uzumaki.
My question is, what is the nature type of the chakra of the other Tailed beasts?
Note: This is my thinking why there should have been a nature type to each of the tailed beasts.
As we all know that when Rikudō Sennin was about to die, he split his powers among his two sons (the older son inherited his powerful chakra and spiritual energy, and the younger son inherited his powerful life force and physical energy). Similarly, when creating the nine tailed beasts from the Shinju, he must have split the chakra based on their nature so that each tailed beast had a unique natured chakra.
Any insight on this would be very much welcomed.

He did not split his chakra between his sons for any reason, they Inherited opposite halves of his power (just enough of it that combineing the 2 would result in the rinnegan). it was when he was about to die that he split the 10 tails into the 9 tailed beasts, though even that did not kill him and he was rendered immobile for a few days.

A few facts first:

Kurama's chakra isn't healing type. Minato sealed Yang-Kurama in Naruto, which resulted in the chakra Kurama gave him to be Yang oriented. This adds the healing properties to that chakra.
Not all tailed beasts have a known nature, but some do.

So the natures:

Shukaku - Wind, evident by the Drilling Air Bullet he fired at Gamabunta.
Matatabi - Fire, evident by the fireball she fired at Hidan and Kakuzu when they battled her.
Isobu - Water, obvious.
Son Goku - Lava (Earth and Fire), evident by multiple lava techniques reanimated Roshi used while in Jinchuuriki form.
Kokuo - Not revealed. His Jinchuuriki was said to use the Steam element (Fire and Water)
Saiken - Not revealed. His Jinchuuriki uses Water element and specializes in bubbles. Saiken himself was shown to be able to spit acid.
Chomei - Not revealed. Not much was revealed about its Jinchuuriki too.
Gyuuki - Not revealed, but presumed Lightning. His Jinchuuriki uses Lightning.
Kurama - Not revealed, but presumed Yin-Yang. His Jinchuuriki was shown to have remarkable stamina and healing properties, which suggest Yang nature which is compatible with the half of Kurama he had. The other half's chakra was not explained thoroughly.
Last but not least

 Shinju (God Tree; Juubi) - Natural Energy and Yin-Yang. Evident by the techniques Obito uses after becoming its Jinchuuriki, as well as what was revealed in the manga.

@R.J: Well, Yang is the nature of life and vitality, and it was also hinted that healing techniques were utilizing the Yang element. Aside from that, Kurama never did anything that has to do with healing (in fact, his chakra was usually full of hate and even poisonous). It's really a collection of hints, more than it was explicitly stated in the manga/anime.

Wait, does a Jinchuuriki gain the nature of his/her tailed beast? And if so, does the tailed beast gain the nature of its Jinchuuriki?

@TAAPSogeking, I think that would be a different question.

@MadaraUchiha, you can include that Chōmei is an insect type like the Aburame clan.

Insect isn't a type. This is Naruto not Pokemon.

I knew that it is not actually the "insect-type" I am referring to like pokemon but it is worth mentioning though. Just suggesting since you can't classify those as an element per se.

Well the question IS about chakra nature... :-)

So is Chomei weak against Matatabi? LOL

There was one filler episode with Fū in second Chūnin exam, I forgot if  they shown Chomei's power or not

Recall that Shukaku can do Magnet Style as well. http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Sage_Art:_Magnet_Release_Rasengan

Shukaku: wind and earth via magnet style.
Matatabi: signature blue fire style.
Isobu: water style / coral production
Son Goku: earth and fire via lava style
Kokuo: fire and water via vapor style
Saiken: alkali acid secretion
Chomei: most likely wind style and scale production
Gyuki: ink production
Kurama: negative emotion sensing, rapid healing rate, and possibly fire and wind style
Shinju: all 5 chakra natures along with yin and yang style, all elemental kekkei genkai, wood style, Rinne Sharingan, and comprised of nature energy

Kurama Might actually have Lightning, Fire and Wind...
I don't really remember some of the other tailed beast names...
One tail: Magnet, since it uses sand,which I am thinking is a combination between wind and crystal/earth style
Two Tails: Blue Fire, her body looks like it's made of fire and she uses fire when attacking
Three tails: Water, he is from the Mist village, and is a giant turtle... that's kind of obvious xD
Four Tails(Son Goku): Lava Style,
Five Tails:Boil, or Steam style, Water and Fire
Six Tails:Water style, he(I think it's a he) uses bubble style
Seven Tails(Chomei): All I really know is that he looks like  a Beetle with seven wings attached to his rear end >.>
Eight Tails(Gyuki): Ink, and since he's an octopus, I am thinking possibly water as well

Naruto is able to make different types of Rasengans using the other Tailed Beast's chakra inside of him. But when he does this technique against Kaguya, the Rasenshuriken he uses from Kuruma is just wind style. I think it's safe to say Kuruma possesses a strong wind style based chakra, which is why Naruto also is able to use strong wind style. The healing powers Naruto possesses comes from Kuruma's yang half, simply because his yang half possesses so much life force, that it heals Naruto at a faster rate.


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Name of Zaraki Kenpachi's Zanpakuto?
In the manga, Kenpachi can't hear his Zanpakuto's sound at all in the beginning. But when he's battling with Captain Unohana (previous Kenpachi, I heard), he began to hear his Zanpakuto's speaking. Does anyone know the Zanpakuto's name or its abilities?

It is not yet known. I am sure it will be revealed as the arch continues.

hope it continues as soon as possible, but is there no speculation or rumor for the most-likely the Zanpakuto's name?

@AbieGiordano: Nope, I'm guessing we'll find out soon enough though :P

@MadaraUchiha haha, good enough, I just can't wait for the continuation of the series

maybe edit the title to a more question like format ;) ?

you're confusing something here. the question i about zaraki kenpachi, the captain of squad 10 and not about ichigo

Well...it hasn't been officially verified yet - pictures from the 'Net aren't entirely authentic or correct.

That doesn't really answer the question though. The question was about the Zanpakuto's name.

It has not been disclosed in the manga yet and no one knows it except for the writer Tite Kubo.
It probably won't be revealed real soon though... I speculate that first Ichigo will master a new power to fight the Quincy king and then there will be a fight between Kenpachi and the king again.

well, what do you know, your speculation is right, Ichigo has his new power, two Zangetsu's

As of today's (16-04-2014) manga chapter (chapter 577) we got to know how Zaraki Kenpachi's Zanpakuto looks and what its name is.
The name of his Zanpakuto is Nozarashi. Also, in order to get into Shikai state the keyword seems to be "swallow".
How it looks:

MS's translation says 'Drink', though. Anyone know what the original Japanese was?

@Kenneth I think it is: 野晒

【飲み込め、野晒し】, "swallow" is the more appropriate translation here.

is this Kenpachi's Bankai or a true Shikai? i remember when he first fought Ichigo he said his Zanpakuto was always in it's Shikai form (never sealed)

@Memor-X It's his true shikai. See here for abit more info. http://bleach.wikia.com/wiki/Nozarashi#Zanpakut.C5.8D I could edit abit more info about it in the answer itself but i didn't feel like doing that at first since it answers the question as it currently is. and the topic of it being his "real" shikai or not is i feel like stuff for another question :P


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Are background and foreground delegated separately in anime production?
When watching anime, I often believe to notice a relative movement of foreground (e.g. characters, props) to the background (e.g. landscapes, 2nd plan). I of course focus on the foreground, and only "register" the background. I somewhat recollect that in films, finding places to shoot a scene is a "lesser" task delegated to younger, less expensive, less creative people. Then the creative person would evaluate 3-4 options that are presented, and choose one venue which would then be used to shoot the scene. I thus wondered, if drawing the background in anime is done in a similar way, that it is delegated to a certain responsible person, and that the foreground is drawn by the primary artistic responsible - or - are they both done by the same person - or - is there some other delegation of drawing among different people?

I don't really understand what you mean by "a relative movement of foreground to background". Could you please clarify?

I know that sometimes the background and the foreground are done at different fps if there needs to be a lot of action in the foreground, but I'm not sure if that's what you're talking about.

If i understand your question correctly. you are asking if the foreground and background are done by the same person. Or that the background is done by somebody else as it is less important ?

Backgrounds and characters are usually made by different people and companies for movies and series, but there's no activity less creative than another as your answer may suggests.
For example, Kusanagi is a company specialized in backgrounds for many anime produced by different studios like Waiting in the Summer (J.C. Staff) and Mobile Suit Gundam 00 (Sunrise). The ANN article about Waiting in the Summer show companies and people involved in the process, the Art director is from Kusanagi (backgrounds) and not from J.C. Staff (animation production).
Changing the perspective from companies to authors, this interview by NHK shows how Makoto Shinkai and his staff make backgrounds and storyboard (12:09~13:40). He shoot a scene using a camera and then pass this material to his assistants. In this case this task is taken by the director itself, leaving the team working on the material he provided according to the storyboard.
However, Makoto Shinkai started his career as independent animator with Hoshi no Koe, where he do animation, backgrounds and characters alone, so this rule doesn't necessarily apply to independent productions where staff is limited.
In this answer covering all key roles of an animation production, inbetweening is cited as a "relatively non-creative" job, so when you ask about a (relatively) non-creative job there is no foreground-background (as viewer) dichotomy but a creative-repetitive (as job) dichotomy.


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Why does Ruriko get angry when she's called as "Rurippe"?
Why does Ruriko get angry whenever Shun calls her as "Rurippe" when according to this,

'Rurippe' holds no real meaning except that Shun relates it to her
  childhood appearance as a sniveler (or one who always has a runny
  nose).

How does Shun relate this nickname to Ruriko as a sniveler? Is it because of how it is written in kanji or how the nickname is pronounced?

According to the Japanese wikipedia article for the series:

In the anime, Shun called her "the sniffling Rurippe" (鼻たれのルリっぺ) during their
  childhood which has become a sort of trauma for her.

So I don't think it's about the name Rurippe itself (which is written in all kana by the way, no kanji) but how Shun used it in the past. In the past, he called her "the sniffling Rurippe" so now whenever he just calls her "Rurippe" it reminds her of the original full name which included "sniffling".


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Was anything past volume 7 ever released in English?
I'm referring to the manga Satisfaction Guaranteed by Ryo Saenagi. I came across this manga quite a few years ago, and really loved it!  I bought the first 7 volumes in English, which are distributed by Tokyopop. When I was finished reading them I tried to find volume 8 on Amazon, but didn't have any luck.  I searched and found that, in Japanese, nine volumes were released to complete the series.  But I couldn't find them in English anywhere.
I come back to this problem every couple of years and do a search in hope that something has changed, but I still can never find volumes 8 or 9.  Does anyone have any idea what happened to this manga?  If it really was never released in English beyond volume 7, as seems to be the case, then it seems the best I could hope for is to buy the volumes in Japanese and find a translation somewhere on the internet. If anyone knows where I can find such a thing, I'd greatly appreciate it.

When Tokyopop, the English publisher closed it's doors, a lots of series were left handing. While some were picked up, others were not. Satisfaction Guaranteed is definitely one of them.

@Krazer But volume 7 was released May 6, 2008, and according to wikipedia Tokyopop announced it was closing on April 15, 2011. It seems weird to me that the other books weren't published in those 3 years? (Thanks for the tag, by the way :))

As @Krazer mentioned above, Satisfaction Guaranteed was one of the projects that Tokyopop was publishing. However, in 2011, the company was shut down, and the publishing of the project went along with it.
Wikipedia cites volume 7 as being the last (English) release as of July 31, 2010. According to AnimeNewsNetwork, there is a theoretical volume 8 in English; however, that information was posted prior to the suggested release date of the volume, and it appears to have never come to fruition.
So it does seem that volume 7 is the last official English version. You'll probably have better luck looking for a Chinese or Japanese version (even English fan translations past volume 3 appear to be scarce*).
* Unfortunately, we cannot link to scanlations or online readers for legal reasons.


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When is the Blu-ray release of Kaze Tachinu/The Wind Rises?
I have been searching for the (Japanese) release date of the Kaze Tachinu (The Wind Rises) Blu-ray.
As U.S. cinema release is in February 2014, so me being in the Netherlands means it might arrive in 2016.
So, when is the Japanese Blu-ray release?

As near as I can tell, there is (as of 22 Oct 2013) no announced release date for the Blu-ray/DVD version of The Wind Rises. However, the recent history of Ghibli films suggests a pattern.

FILM                     IN THEATERS    HOME VIDEO RELEASE
Arrietty                 July 2010      June 2011
From Up on Poppy Hill    July 2011      June 2012
The Wind Rises           July 2013      _________

As the astute reader will infer, this suggests that The Wind Rises will probably be released (on home video) in June 2014 or thereabouts.

UPDATE: The Wind Rises will be available on home video (Blu-ray and DVD) in Japan on June 18, 2014, just as I surmised.

i wonder if the pattern is deliberate or by luck, it's almost like with Square releasing 3 new Main Final Fantasy games on Home Console before moving onto the next generation

You should know that the Netherlands does have a theatrical release before senshin's predicted DVD/Bluray release (and long before 2016).  IMDB says that you should be able to view Kaze Tachinu on May 1, 2014.

can buy here and get it shipped http://www.cdjapan.co.jp/product/VWBS-1529


text:
What is the chronological order for the Shakugan no Shana series?
I recently got all the Shakugan no Shana DVDs from Right Stuf (Shakugan no Shana Season 1 - 3, Shakugan no Shana S OVA and Shakugan no Shana The Movie). I am wondering what is the chronological order for the entire series?

Chronologically you should start with Shakugan no shana S, since it's stuff that happens before the first season

Shakugan no Shana I
Shakugan no Shana II
Shakugan no Shana S (OVA)
Shakugan no Shana III (Final)

The Movie is a summary/alternate version of the first season.


text:
Does Orochimaru know all his jutsu that he learned after he gave Anko the curse mark and was revived from it?
A portion of Orochimaru's consciousness was in Anko's curse mark, so he could see what she saw, but is this linked with his other consciousness? So that if the real Orochimaru thinks he learns a jutsu, does the Orochimaru in Anko learn it too? Is there any canon explanation?

He didn't necessarily know all of the techniques the original had learnt.
But even if he didn't, the moment he absorbed his power back from Kabuto, he relearned everything (since the cells in Kabuto were from the time Sasuke "killed" him).

Why did orochimaru said, "who would have thought you would revive me Sasuke" soon after he was resurrected? His this conscience should not know Sasuke killed him?

Orochimaru can go toe to toe with madara
In the manga he can be killed now
Orochimaru can use all the past hokage
And now that he has all kabuto's memory's
He can use itachi Nagto and 3rd rikage
And all of the dead akasuki and he can
Also go in sage mode and
Orochimaru has sinjuu DNA he can use wood
Style look it up and now that he has sage
Mode genjutsu cant work on him unless madara
Wants to lose a eye I'm sorry and for everyone
That is saying he can just drop a comet well
Than they both die now that madara's dum ass
Made him self living again he would kill him self doing and now Orochimaru can use he's hand with out them he fucking punched the 4 tails
In the face and that was with no jutsu so
But Orochimaru wins

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