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Why is there so much reluctant sex in hentai?
Multiple authors on the net have pointed out that a lot of the sex in hentai is, or appears to be, non-consensual.
From Porno Month Reflections: Why So Much Rape In Hentai?

I watched 20 hentai over the course of June/July, and looking back over them all, I’m left with one frustratingly unanswered question:
[WHY IS THERE SO MUCH RAPE IN HENTAI?!?]
Why is rape so ubiquitous in hentai, why is it so inescapable, and why do so many of [these hentai that I've watched] focus exclusively on rape, with maybe one token consensual scene or sometimes none at all? It’d be like if 90% of the porn made in Belgium featured a buttplug scene — it’s weirdly specific and implies there’s some kind of cultural thing going on that I don’t yet understand.

Also, note  Why does hentai have so much violence/rape towards women?
A commenter on the first article claims these 'rapes' are not as non-consensual as they seem:

ninfadelagua said: The average porn scene does seem rapey, even if it isn’t extreme (no hitting/scratching/biting) there seems to be a trend of women acting like they are resisting a lot and the men in the porno keep going and prey on them sexually (for hetero porn).

This implies that the 'victim' enjoys the rough sex and is 'resisting' as part of the 'game', sort of like how tsundere pretend to hate the person they actually love.
Which leads to Not If They Enjoyed It Rationalization: which says:

Turns up often in Hentai, Boys Love Genre and Fanfiction. A lot.

In other words, the claim is that this, in some sense, doesn't count as rape because the purported victim enjoyed the experience.

Is this actually what's going on? What is about Japanese culture that makes reluctant sex, which looks non-consensual to Western eyes, so common in hentai?

I think there's some merit asking how consent works differently than how we, in the West, works and how it's portrayed in hentai. I don't think the question as it stands nor does the link provided would invite a healthy discussion on this, however, as it not only suffers from broad generalization, but may also be a tad bit inflammatory. I'd like to explore this question further and I would recommend to reword the question and provide a better starting point than what you have now.

@Malandy The reason why I bolded consent is that, in my experience of reading and watching hentai materials, a good chunk of them is not rape if put in certain cultural contexts. Similar to how a tsundere say they like you if they say they don't care about you. It looks like rape to us who don't know the culture, but remember that rape is all about lack of consent and usually in better translated romantic h-mangas, the character would say "stop!" and followed by "no don't stop, I meant slow down." In other words, the question should be about consent, not about the ubiquity of rape.

Your body doesn't match up with your title. You go on about rape in "hentai" with flimsy evidence (that barely relate to one another), only to ask two other questions that are (at best) only loosely related to your title question. As mentioned by others Your given examples are a bit to localized. If one were to watch porn and the titles all have rape, you can't generalize that there simply is too much rape in porn. The quotes you provide are subjective and circumstantial and by no point back up your rape claim in "hentai."

@ʞɹɐzǝɹ - Yeah, I see what you mean... I guess some of that is due to it's root being a Tumblr Post, but really I should have gone Meta and grew it there before posting... ... Well, gonna look for scholarly articles on the content of hentai... Wish me luck!

I agree with @Frosteeze. Instead of focusing on rape/porn you could indeed change it to consent and probably get similar answers. Something along the lines of why many Japanese characters (in movies/manga) act cold and pretend to dislike something/someone, while in fact they really like that thing/act/person. Why constantly harassing a person out of love is considered appropriate and sometimes even part of the seduction process. Every culture has a different definition of what is appropriate, so I think you misclassify lots of situations as rape/harassment, while in fact they aren't at all.

@PeterRaeves - Well, from TvTropes, I got this Science Explains Tsundere Appeal., so I'm gonna go with the reluctant sex question...

Note: Some references have been excluded here for PG reasons.
There's a few layers to this question.
Firstly, this isn't a hentai-specific thing. Lots of Japanese non-animated porn contains rape. This is a cultural thing spanning more than just anime.
The main reason as some people have pointed out to you is that it sells. But let's go a little further into why that demand exists.

As you may know, Japan is suffering from increased sexless-ness and has one of the highest sexlessness rates in the world.

In 2005, Durex, the world’s largest condom maker, conducted a Global Sex Survey (see www.durex.com/en-jp/sexualwellbeingsurvey/documents/gss2005result.pdf) involving 317,000 respondents in 41 countries. The survey found that Japanese had the least sex in the world, at 45 times a year — far less than second-from-bottom Singapore (73 times a year), and even farther from the world average (103 times a year, meaning twice a week).

The reasons of this are many - although there is no agreed consensus on the exact causes. Some of these reasons likely include:

Long Working days
Men and women have quite distinctly separate social lives
The emergence of pornography
'Herbivore' Men

These cases are amplified by the application of surrounding businesses. Japan has a large sex industry sector - there are more than 12,000 sex-related businesses in Japan with big companies like Hitachi (devices) and many small companies too specializing in particular niches. Many of these are relevant to couples' engagements, but a significant portion of products are made for solo purchases.

Some doll adverts claim you'll never want a girlfriend again.
That's not to say that there isn't a large couples' market - in Japan there are many Love Hotels and S&M Clubs that you can visit with your partner.
On the mention of S&M, non-standard sexual behaviour is not as taboo as it is in the West (especially America & the UK). Bondage for example is occasionally incorporated into fashion trends and there are many specialized shops for it around the country. There are many other specialized stores and services available for those who seek it. Famously, there are the infamous used underwear vending machines that have created many stories for Western newspapers.
You can also read the rest of my answer about Where the lolicon genre came from which covers that large area of fetishization.
And fetishization isn't a new thing, there are many lewd woodblock paintings from older Japan, such as Diver and Octopuses - a tentacle sex scene from 1814.
So, non-consensual (at first :| ) isn't particularly striking as a fetish when seen with all Japan has to offer (More.)

So from the above section we know that the Japanese have a large fetish scene anyway - and that sex rates aren't that high. But that doesn't specifically answer your question - so let's keep going. Bear with me!
Going back to Herbivore Men. These men range from actively shunning women (sometimes preferring 2D women) to being disinterested or resigned to their fate as a single man.

As of September 2010, 36% of Japanese men between the ages of 16 and 19 perceived themselves in this way. Additionally, two surveys of single men in their 20s and 30s found that 61% and 70%, respectively, considered themselves grass-eating men.

This scarcity of female interaction can often manifest as idolizing women - which can be seen in idol obsession and other aspects of Japanese culture. The appeal of rape for herbivore watchers is then in attaining something that is not attainable normally - even if it is played out onscreen rather than in real life. This is a large reason motivation behind many real-life rapes as well. There's a certain unsavory culture in many areas that blame the victim for rape situations - somewhat empathizing with the rapist. These beliefs are also contributory rationale for some rapists. Raping unfortunately isn't always restricted to acted situations on TV however, and Japan has a significant amount of (mostly unreported) rape charges. Unwarranted sexual advances can be seen in the establishment of female only carriages on rail lines after many groping allegations.
And on a more hentai-specific note, I don't know if many people who would willingly do it with a sea monster. Why are tentacles prevalent in anime? is possibly of interest.
Further reading:

Manga Girl Seeks Herbivore Boy: Studying Japanese Gender at Cambridge

It might be my personal interpretation, but this answer seems pretty focused on males raping females, instead of person raping person. There are many JAVs out there that feature strong women forcing sex with males, so to me it feels like there must be more to it? I might be wrong though. Or would the "herbivore men" concept and male idolization fit girls too?

@PeterRaeves I think that's the main direction that appears, but yes, there is the reverse also. However, I think that usually takes more of a female domination perspective rather than non-consensual rape though. This also stems from "herbivore men" being mostly submissive personalities and finding dominant females attractive.

@Peter Raeves, Japan has produced a good deal of tentacle porn in which female characters get raped by non-humans and BL doujinshi with male/male non-consent as well, so versions other than male/female or female/male also have market demographics.

@seijitsu To be honest, since the original question was downvoted for being about rape and later upvoted for changing tone to reluctancy, I was a little disappointed that the answer focussed more on the former and hoped to read something more about the latter. The west has its share of rape porn too as raping or being raped is the fantasy of many men and women, but as far as I know, it is never gradually enjoyed and usually ends up with the female utterly crushed physically and mentally, while in Japan rape porn tends to end in the female enjoying herself.

@PeterRaeves for sure that would be interesting to read also. I however, don't know the answer for that. That's not to say another answer will come along from someone else though.

I'm not familiar with Japanese culture in particular so I may be off base here, but I wonder if there's also an element of 'innocence' that's a factor here. There may be a view of 'she secretly wants it but doesn't admit it/know it yet'. In a society where traditional gender views are the norm (men dominate, women are innocent and passive), it is more acceptable for a man to dominate a woman and the 'reluctant' part of the fetish fits into that.


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When did Ussop awaken haki?
Apparently haki does not always need training to achieve; since we have seen Doflamingo and Luffy awaken it unconsciously. But I read that Ussop and Ace had the same unexpected, brief "awakening" of conqueror's haki, so when did that happen? Is it also in the manga?

Usopp has awakened his Kenbunshoku Haki which significantly increases the range of his detection radios,during the latter half of the Dressrosa revolt, as he was able to see auras of Luffy, Law, and Sugar, who were in the royal palace, from the old King's Plateau near the Corrida Colosseum. With this, he was able to pinpoint Sugar's location and snipe her down from such a distance. Usopp does not yet have control over it as he just awakened it during his attack to knock out Sugar.
Anime: episode 697
Manga: Chapter 758

It still takes training to use haki but not special training specific to learning haki. For example, you could go around fighting tougher and tougher opponents until eventually, you will accidentally use haki. You could most likely get combat training like Helmeppo and Coby which should result in the usage of haki led straight into haki training since they are being watched by someone. It takes training to master haki although it could be possible to master haki by only fighting stronger opponents and without any guidance but death would be more likely.

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Could a swordsman with Haki cut up Buggy?
If Buggy can't be cut by sword, he would be unstoppable in Wano. Buggy has the Bara Bara no Mi, so would a swordsman using Haki be able to cut him?

I guess it would depend on what happens first, contact with the sword or splitting his body

@Gravinco but Mihawk slash so fast

The Strengths and Weaknesses section of the wikia explains his power as follows:

The fruit's major strength, as demonstrated by Buggy, is that the user becomes permanently immune to damage from being cut or pierced, regardless in what manner, be it vertical, horizontal, or otherwise. Instead of being wounded or even killed from such attacks, the user's body simply becomes sliced into pieces. In this state, the user is still alive and can control his sliced up body. They can then manipulate the sliced up pieces to either reattach themselves back together or execute unique attacks.

Haki enables physical attacks to connect with Logia users, whose bodies usually prevent the hit. In Buggy's case, even normal attacks do hit him, but the damage is never fatal.
It's a gray area until we get a proper confirmation from the author, but since  Buggy was unscathed when Mihawk was using his Black Blade (assumption being it always has a layer of Armament Haki on it, even if weaker than his max), it is reasonable to conclude that Armament Haki might not help.
That being said, there is also a corresponding list of weaknesses that would easily prevent him from being invincible. The simplest ones being seastone/sea water, immobilizing via a strong Conqueror's Haki attack, and any sort of elemental attack. Wano will be filled with swordsmen, but we have seen hints of a new class of attacks, such as Kin'emon 's use of fire with his sword attacks, and Brook's ice powers. These should deal enough damage to keep Buggy from being OP in Wano.

Yes, they could hurt Buggy.
As we know, Armament Haki can hurt Devil Fruit users that normally can't be hit. This doesn't just include Logia, it also includes certain Paramecia just like the Bari Bari no Mi.
Everyone I've seen answers this or argues with me about this completely ignores the concept of dodging. Armament Haki can hurt Buggy, but it doesn't disable his Devil Fruit powers like Sea Prism Stone would. Meaning, Buggy can still dodge attacks from Armament Haki, but if Mihawk's attack had hit him, it would have done damage.
For example, Luffy hits Caesar with a Haki-infused punch during the Punk Hazard arc, and it doesn't do anything to him because Caesar turns his body into gas and changes his body structure to dodge the attack.
So, the short answer is yes, he could beat Buggy if he hits him before Buggy can dodge the attack. Even if you don't agree with this, there's another way this could work. Like, how Law couldn't just make a room and crush Big Mom's heart because her Haki was too strong, so he had to stick to normal attacks. This would definitely happen if Buggy and Mihawk fought, because Mihawk without a doubt had way better haki than Buggy.

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Why is it that Deku didn't fully give Kachan One For All in the movie "Boku no hero Academia: Heros Rising"?
I was watching the movie and in the final battle against Nine, all looks lost for Deku and Bakugo until Deku offers to give One For All to Bakugo. Everything works out and they defeat Nine. When All Might is holding Deku in his arms after the battle, Deku lets All Might know that he gave Bakugo One For All. After that Deku passes out his Full Cowling stripes (I couldn't think of a better word to describe them) show up. All Might is relieved by this. He says (and this isn't a quote) that he (Midoriya) didn't fully transfer One for All to Bakugo. I was wondering why this was and how it's going to affect the plot of the story.
(I assumed at firsts it was for plot armor but I am starting to second guess it. They would have made Deku go "Super Saiyan" and beat Nine by himself.)

As far as impact on the overall story goes there will be none whatsoever. Anime movies made alongside an ongoing series being adapted from a manga are almost always entirely separate from the established canon and are original stores, therefore they are unable to make any lasting changes.
In universe All Might himself refers to Deku retaining One For All after the battle as a "Miracle" speculating that whatever remains of the previous holders within One For All didn't fully transfer the quirk to Bakugo, this could be seen as somewhat similar to how One For All wasn't inadvertently transferred to Stain despite him consuming some of Deku's blood.

Thank you for answering my question. You do have a point with the fact that it was a miracle.

I don't think the fact that One for All didn't accidentally transfer to Stain is a useful point, while its established O4A transfers via DNA All Might also establishes that it also only transfers when its wielder willingly gives it up. Otherwise, Deku wouldn't be the 9th user but likely the 9000th as All Might would've lost it the first time he kissed someone or volunteered at a soup kitchen and a hair fell in the soup.

That's exactly why I mentioned it, it's an example that's actually canon showing it doesn't have to change hands every time there's some sort of contact.

It still seems completely unrelated to both the question and answer. The fact that O4A only transfers with its wielder's permission is an understood aspect of the quirk, the aspect in question is how after Deku willingly gives O4A up does it come back to him. The fact that the quirk doesn't randomly transfer doesn't matter given Deku very explicitly gives it to Bakugo. Evidence that would support this would be an instance of O4A being shared/lent out (probably not a thing), you could however build a case using the previous wielders who give Deku extra powers that were not a thing before him

I do not disagree with IG_42's answer and think it correct, but I would like to add to it a bit since I just watched this movie.
What the Movie Says
During the movie, All Might gives a partial explanation to what happened. Here is the quote:

Young Bakugo must've lost consciousness before the transfer finished. No, that's not it. For risking your life to protect. And for risking your life to prevail. All For One did something miraculous. Master and all of those who came before... thank you so much. I'm forever grateful.

In short, it was a miracle, just as IG_42's answer said.
There's also something akin to an explanation that Midoriya says. It doesn't really explain anything, but I'll include it anyway (Apologies, this one might not be the exact quote, but should be close enough).

Kacchan didn't remember about the transfer of All For One to him afterwards. And somehow the power remained with me.

So basically Midoriya's explanation is "I dunno."
Establishing it as a "miracle" is actually very convenient, because it means

It does not need to be fully explained.
We should not expect it to happen again. In other words, this is an anime movie where the writers are playing it loose with the rules of the established story, and we shouldn't expect the rules herein to carry over to the main story in the manga and anime.

Interpretation
So it was a miracle and needs no explanation. I'm going to explain it anyway (or try, at least).
First, we should examine the first thing All Might said. At first he suspects that Bakugo lost consciousness before the transfer finished. That's odd, actually. It tells us something about how the transference of All For One works. It means it doesn't simply complete immediately after the current holder transfers the power via an infusion of their DNA (at least according to All Might's understanding). Rather, the process of transferring from one user to the next continues even after that until it complete. It seems kind of strange to think of it like that, but that's what the story is saying.
Second, we should look at Bakugo's intentions. In his dialogue, he expressed concern that Midoriya would permanently lose his power. This shows that Bakugo probably did not intend to keep All For One, and would have given it back to Midoriya if he were given a choice.
Third, we look at the will of All For One. The vestiges of the past users living inside All For One would seem to have a will of their own. All Might even expresses in the quote that it was their intention to share the power with Bakugo, but to stay with Midoriya.
I suspect these three reasons are why Midoriya retained All For One. Namely, there was still a connection between him and Bakugo through All For One, and both Bakugo and the vestiges willed the power return to Midoriya.
Other Examples
As a side note, this isn't the first time something like this has happened in an anime movie. Go check out the first Broly movie in the Dragon Ball franchise, where they win the day by all giving their energy to Goku. Not sure how canonical being able to do that was at the time, but they did something like that when creating the Super Saiyan God, so I guess it's canonical now.
Further examples: https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/CombinedEnergyAttack and https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/EnergyDonation.


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What's the role/position of biblical God in Shuumatsu no Valkyrie?
In Shuumatsu no Valkyrie, gods fight humans to decide if humanity should be allowed to continue or not. In this story, you see ancient Greek gods like Hades, Zeus and Poseidon, ancient Norse gods like Thor, Loki and Odin, Hindu gods like Shiva, Japanese gods like Susanoo, and more. We also see Adam, the first human, who was created by God, the biblical God, Adam is one of the fighters for humanity.
In the Bible, the biblical God created everything, the universe, the creatures, etc. How does this work in this story? Is the biblical God supposed to have created all the other gods, or is he just another god among all the gods?

I think its worth noting the religions that believe in the God of Abraham (Christianity/Judaism/Islam) aren't the only belief systems with their own creation story. Most of the featured pantheons have their own (conflicting) mythos. How did humans come about? Did Odin, Vili and Ve craft them from tree trunks, did Prometheus craft them from clay, were they the tears of the Eye of Re, the progeny of kami, and so on and so forth. It isn't just God that would be strange to slot into a coherent world in the story

@Gatchwar About that, at least partially they have to acknowledge abrahamic religions version of the creation, because they stated Adan is the first human and ancestor of all humanity. I suppose that most likely they didnt even think about all these contradictions, but a possible solution I suppose would be making abrahamic god creating this universe, and other gods creating other universes or the multiverse.


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Is Death Gods in Death Note are that useless?
In Death Note, the Shinigami (death gods) need the use of the Death Note to kill people, especially in order to continue their lives, so if they won't use it, they will die, their only means of killing is the Death Note, and that is the source of my question.
If for example, the Shinigami loses their Death Note, what to use of him to be called Shinigami? What is so special about the Shinigami in the world of Death Note, their only means to kill is the Death Note, but we see that even humans can use them, so what is so special about the Shinigami to differentiate them from humans who are referred to as Shinigami?
Just to clarify, the main question is not about their rule but on their species, their rule has been hinted in the manga that in the past the Shinigami were more mixed with the human world for some special reasons but in the time of the story of Death Note they have no real reason to exist as Ryuk tells Light (and I thinks also Rem tells Misa why in the past so many Shinigami were dead because of that).

I feel the following reasons make Shinigami more suited for killing humans than humans themselves:

Possession of Shinigami Eyes

The name of the person to be killed is an essential piece of information. Humans naturally do not possess the ability to find this crucial detail (Exception: Beyond Birthday from Death Note: Another Note), unlike Shinigami who can see the names of all humans. Of course, humans can obtain this ability as well, but that would require trading half their remaining lifespan for it. And unlike Shinigami, they cannot extend their lifespan to make up for it in any way. This brings me to my next point.

Ability to Extend Life

By killing a human using a Death Note, Shinigami gain the remaining lifespan of that human. But a human's lifespan remains unaffected by killing another human using the Death Note. By gaining more time to live, Shinigami also gain more time to kill. So what's so special about a longer life? After all, can't humans that die just be replaced by other humans? I will use an analogy to explain why a being with a longer life will be more beneficial for this purpose. Suppose a certain firm sets up a factory to manufacture a particular product that is extremely essential and will always be in demand. Should the firm prefer short term employees or long term employees? If you ask me, I'd say long term employees. Simply because by repeating the process over and over they'd get more efficient at it and also learn to solve any kind of issues that arise. Replacing short term employees will not only require training the new employees, but will also result in slower work and greater chances of error. Short term employees will be preferred in a situation where the manufacturing is only required for a short term or if it is required to introduce innovation in the manufacturing process by application of knowledge from other domains. But humans will most likely live for a long time and there is really no scope for innovation in writing a name on a piece of paper (the method/time of killing is irrelevant to a Shinigami unlike for humans, which I will discuss in the next point). This is why Shinigami with extendable lifespan are preferable.
In addition, a Shinigami getting the remaining lifespan of the humans he/she kills is an incentive to kill. A human cannot extend his/her lifespan by killing another human using a Death Note. So God can't expect an uninterested human to kill for him. On the other hand, even if uninterested, a Shinigami would tend to kill for the mere reason of extending his/her lifespan.

Indifference to Humans (Although this point is not about the difference in species as per your request.)

A Shinigami living in the Shinigami realm hardly has any chances to be biased towards/against a particular human, or a group thereof. On the other hand, a human residing in the human realm is very likely to have such a bias. This bias coupled with the power of the Death Note can possibly create an imbalance in the human realm. For example, an imbalance could have possibly resulted due to the actions of Kyosuke Higuchi from the Yotsuba Group. If he wasn't caught, Yotsuba might have become a monopoly and eventually infiltrated governments giving a lot of power to a single person. Humans in general would definitely crave for power in the human world. But I don't see a reason for a Shinigami to crave for power in the human world. And a Death Note in the hands of a Shinigami will not give him/her any sort of power in the Shinigami realm. Their indifference to humans and lack of interest in the human realm help them remain unbiased in most cases.
Moreover, possible bias by Shinigami towards humans is even discouraged as Shinigami that kill to save a particular human, or a group thereof, turn into ash and die.
This point is also the reason why giving the powers/abilities mentioned in the above two points to humans will still be an inferior choice. Even if humans get the ability to see the names of all humans and extend their lifespan by killing other humans using the Death Note, the bias will remain, increasing the chances of creating an imbalance in the human realm.


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Is Ludociel the fastest character in Nanatsu no Taizai?
So the archangel Ludociel was given the grace "flash" by the Supreme Deity. It's said he can move almost instantly. Does this make him the fastest character in the series? Or do characters like Meliodas or Ban who have been shown to be very fast compete with his speed?

We do not know the upper limits of Flash, neither do we know how it fares against other quick characters.
There have been no satisfying points of comparison between Ludociel and other extremely quick characters. The wiki only notes that "[it] allows Ludociel to move at immense speeds which appears as a form of teleportation." which is consistent with Flash's depiction within the series. Both Derrierie and Escanor, two experienced fighters ranking among the strongest characters in the series, were completely unable to follow Ludociel's movements.
Flash, generally speaking, has been scarcely used and is thus hard to describe and quantify. If we try to understand its inner workings by comparing it to other angelic Graces, we can infer its strength directly stems from the natural element of light (it could be lightning thematically, but we have seen numerous weaker characters reacting to and dodging lightning). Both Ocean (from Sariel) and Tornado (from Tarmiel) have demonstrated the ability to create a pocket universe almost exclusively containing their own element (manifesting as a windy ocean when they combine their abilities).
The best explanation we can try to offer for Flash is that it is a light-based Grace allowing Ludociel to literally move at the speed of light, thus explaining his extreme unmatched speed. If this theory is true, it is very unlikely other characters could possibly match him in a speed contest.


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Is "The Vision of Escaflowne" a shojo anime?
I grewup watching The Americanized version, and recently rewatched it in the Japanese...only to come out feeling like I just watched an entirely different show. This is a Shojo anime is it not? It had all the components of a shojo....a girl in a reverse harem off in a magical world guiding the fate of others. Who she chose as her partner and lavished her affections on shaped the behaviour of the other characters, which shaped the entire world they were in cause of their importance. It had entire episodes without any fighting at all, just dialogue about peoples feelings. Even the opening is Shojo-like. Young attractive Angel men...I don't see how this couldn't be a shojo anime.
Yet all I remember growing up watching the American version is it was about fights fights fights and lots of dialogue sequences that might even last entire episodes breaking up these fights. How they phrased the lines and even the opening... the show was clearly aimed at boys.

Yes, The Vision of Escaflowne anime is actually a shojo anime.
According to Japanese Wikipedia, the original draft of the anime was to mix robot anime with elements from shojo manga and transforming military vehicles with the title 「空中騎行戦記」(Kuchuu Kikou Senki, lit. Mid-air Trail Riding War Chronicle)
However, when the anime was localized for the TV broadcast in the USA, it was heavily edited. According to the Wikipedia,

[...]. In August 2000, Fox Kids began broadcasting the series in the United States. Produced by Saban Entertainment under license by Bandai Entertainment, these dubbed episodes were heavily edited to remove footage, add new "flashback" sequences to remind the audience of the events that just occurred, and to heavily downplay the role of Hitomi in the series. The first episode was skipped altogether, and the series soundtrack produced by Yoko Kanno was partially replaced with more techno rearrangements by Inon Zur. This modified version of the series was canceled after ten episodes due to "low ratings". Fox explained that they edited to meet their own target audience, to comply with broadcast standards, and to fit the allowed timeslot. [...]
(Emphasis added)


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Can Tanjiro See The Dead?
In the first few episodes of Demon Slayer as Tanjiro trains he sees 2 dead apprentice Demon Slayers, Sabito & Makomo. I was wondering if Tanjiro had some sort of ability that connects him to the dead or the reason behind him being able to see the ghosts.
So can Tanjiro see the dead?

Does this answer your question? How is Tanjiro able to talk to the souls?

He had the opportunity to talk to many souls (or ghosts if you want to put it that way) yes, but it was never officially stated in the manga if he can see the dead. We can safely assume he had those interactions because the souls wanted to. Same is the case with the other characters in Demon Slayer.


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What is written on Minato's cloak?
I searched for what is written on Minato's cloak and I found different answers.

What does it really mean?

Just curious, but what answers you have found?

It's 四代目火影 (Yondaime Hokage, lit. "Fourth Fire Shadow") since Minato was the 4th Hokage of Konohagakure.

While technically correct, a bit of nuance is lost in a direct literal translation of "hokage". The word itself can mean either firelight, a flicker of light, in particular from a latern/lamp, or the shadow or form that move in firelight, like the flicker of light from a fire. The word holds a bit of symbolic meaning not unlike hitokage (lit. Human shadow) can refer to the soul.

@кяαzєя thanks for letting me know. I was following the Wikia's translation.

Just take note not to be overly reliant on them. They are at best tertiary sources. Do your own research when possible.


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What is the song that play while gon use jajanken?
What is the song that play while gon uses Jajanken in greed Island arc???
I don't know exactly but it is a track that is played when he uses the full power jajanken against Razor in Soufurabi.. while playing Dodge ball...

Please specify which episode, including the approximate time and specific description of when it occurs.

I don't know exactly but it is a track that is played when he uses the full power jajanken against Razor in Soufurabi.. while playing Dodge ball...

The Emperor's Time by 平野義久 , Album : HUNTER×HUNTER セレクトｘベストｘα.
You'll find the details in the description of this video of the battle you mentioned in the comment.


text:
Why the first episode of Death Note has change the order of the first chapter
Who watched the anime and read the manga closely, can see a difference in the order of the events in the first episode of the anime to the first chapter in the manga.
In the manga, once Light has found the Death Note, he takes it home and laughing about that it must be a fake and some kind of joke, and then, the story jumps a couple of days ahead when Light is meeting Ryuk and then explains his testing of the Death Note in the couple of days that has been past and his ideology of using so.
In the anime, however, as soon as Light thinking it a joke he tests it for the first time, frightening by his action, goes to test it again, and then we jump couple of days later for the first meeting of Light and Ruyk, explains his ideology there.
Although it can be said, that the major change from the manga is due the commercial break featuring the How To Use screen, and it couldn't be done after the meeting with Ryuk, there's actually a reasonable explanation to the anime change even without that excuse - the anime used Light's ideology to create utopia as the climax of the episode, presenting it as the main event to the episode to open the anime, while in the manga his ideology is just a continue to his testing and only declaration of him as a god is were the climax at the chapter, so the question is going backward - why the manga had designed in that order and not the other way around, like the anime, presenting Light's ideas as the main event in the episode.

While there might be possibly a reason why Ohba wrote the first chapter like that, it's a bit strange asking why the manga was designed like that considering the manga (2003) came first while the anime (2006) adapted the manga...

@Aki Tanaka You miss my point, while the anime ver. might have a reason to change the manga, the question is backfired to the manga, and if the order of the manga is more reasonable, why, and why the anime has changed it, so it's a question on both of them, just that in the anime there's might be the commercial break excuse

I'm not entirely sure, but an interesting thing to note is that manga-Light and anime-Light also have subtly different characterizations (argued in more detail in this essay); manga-Light appears to be merely bored at the beginning, while anime-Light appears to be actually disgusted by the people around him.


text:
How was Vegeta able to be revived by the Dragon Balls? (DBK/Manga)
(I couldn't find a question like this, if it's been asked before then please remove it.)
There are several known plot holes in the DBZ story, but one that interested me is that in the Buu saga (in DBK it's in ep127) it's said that when a human/alien that killed too many innocent people is dead, in hell they erase his body and his memories and recreate him. Piccolo said that in response to Vegeta's question of whether he could be meet Goku again, but it very clearly that he still won't be revived by the DragonBalls because of that.

The content of Vegeta and Piccolo conversation in DBK ep127 (translated from japanese):

Vegeta: Tell me just one thing first, in the Next World or whatever it
is, after I die, will I be able to see Kakarrot again?
Piccolo: At a time like this, it won't do any good to offer
consolation, so I won't mince words. That won't be possible.
Vegeta: (blinking in shock)
Piccolo: You'v killed to many innocent people. Once you die, your body
will become nonexictense, and your soul will be sent to a world
different from Goku's. There, your soul will be cleaned, and your
memories erased, and you will be turned into a new life form.

(30.5.2012 EDIT) -
Now, this dialogue between Vegeta and Piccollo, is not DBK exclusive (as some people commented that in the original DBZ they changed it), but manga material as following:

(VIZ release)
(END OF EDIT)
Now, in the original DBZ they created a plot hole by including a scene of Frieza, Cell and other villains watching the battle against Buu on earth when they were in Hell, but I'm not talking about that.
During the Frieza arc, Vegeta was clearly evil. Though he joined forces with Gohan, Krillin et al, he still killed a whole village, he's clearly evil, and yet, when Kaio asked Shenron to revive all the people killed by Frieza, Vegeta came back to life (in DBK it's ep51). If we go by the assumption that evil people are recreated in hell, then how was he revived?

Though for a fact that Vegeta asked at the end of Buu saga from Prolunga to bring back all those who died except for any evil people to unrule bringing back Babidi and Dabra, that's not contradict the above, since Piccolo specified specifically that Vegeta killed to many people so he won't have a body, unlike Babidi that was evil but didn't were just evil and didn't killed anyone (not by himself at least) and Dabra who Daio sent to heaven. it's clearly that there's definite different between killing a lot of people to be just evil - killing a lot of people contaminating the soul so it needs to be recreate (like Uub) while being only evil not.
Now, I know it's a fact that Toriyama didn't want to make the Buu Saga, and there could be plot holes and all, but is there still some explanation for that?

Note 1: This question came to me after watching Dragon Ball Kai. If in the original DBZ it's not a question, I would love to be enlightened.
Note 2: I'm reffering only to DBZ manga canon material, so evidences from DBS aren't related.
30.5.2021 EDIT NOTE - After checking the manga, this question is referring only to the DBK version that seems more loyal to the manga than DBZ, do not mix here stuff from DBZ.

Your distinction that Babidi was somehow "less evil" or "less cleansable" or whatever simply because he didn't personally twist the knife strikes me as arbitrary and weird, and wholly inconsistent with the conception of evil in every major philosophy I can think of.  Also, your Note 2 is bizarre as your entire post considers one of two anime adaptations, yet insists you somehow want Manga stuff (where Hell basically never gets mentioned or shown).

i think the difference in evil/crimes i mentioned should satisfy you, killing is more ripping the soul than just being super evil in every culture. and i don't get your note about DBS, it's not toriyama-db original, and references from there are not relevant the question; someone had tried to give reference from DBS to answer and when he realised that the whole hell thing for mass killers are filler he removed his answer.

To be fair, I always assumed that cleansing takes some time, so if someone is resurrected "fast enough" you should still be able to get them. But... let's forget the evil and time requirements for a second. The real question is another: if Vegeta already died once, shouldn't he remember what happened that time? So, why did he asked Piccolo?

@SPArcheon you might had been on to something. as to Vegeta were able to "return earth" since it hadn't been that long time for him after his death. like in the Namek arc where it hasn't been a day. though presumably, it's been more than few days since his death to his return. and it's just showing how Toriyama didn't thought it through when writing this arc.

I'm not sure if I understand your question, but are you asking why he was revived because he was supposed to be erased? They explicitly mention in the series that Enma Daio Sama decided not to erase Vegeta's soul just in case he needed him for a battle. So what Vegeta said in the screencapture you posted didnt apply to him due to an Enma Daio Sama decision
Enma Daio Sama decides to keep Vegeta soul intact in case he was needed for a battle
(Sorry, I couldnt find an english version for this video, only a spanish one, but you can use the english subtitles feature of Youtube to add them)

and again an answer from one who hasn't understood or read the question well, his recreation of him in the buu arc is well explained, but how did he revived in the frieza arc, i will bold it too so no more other people will get it wrong....

Oh, now I get it. May be because they didnt have time to erase him? There is another scene where many people who died were waiting in a row to enter to heaven. Though that doesnt explain why some souls are erased and others evil souls such as Freezer in Dragon Ball Super go to hell, and that scene in Dragon Ball Super isnt filler, it's a main part of the story, if Freezer wasnt in hell, he couldnt be revived for the tournament. May be evil souls have to suffer first in hell and then be erased?

i actually thought about the no time theory, but it needs little evidence. and i didn't watched dbs but about freezer, look at those: https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/27947/why-didnt-frieza-know-about-goku-and-kid-buus-fight https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/2942/why-did-cell-and-frieza-keep-their-bodies-after-they-died , i believe it's still manga-material conflicting and my question is still on

From that link I get that Freezer wasnt canon to be in hell in DBZ, but it was canon that he was in hell in Dragon Ball Super, because he appeared in Dragon Ball Super in hell in both the anime and the manga. So I guess it was an inconsistency in the original DBZ that was retcon and incorporated in Dragon Ball Super (people like Freezer going to hell)

that's the reason i pointed in the question the whole hell thing in DBZ it's plothole that toei created

Since your Note 1 says you're also interested in what happens in the original DBZ series, and if it's a problem there or not, the following is based on the English (Funimation) dub of the original scene.  It seems that in the Japanese Kai version, Piccolo has a great deal more specific things to say, which are more problematic, as you indicate.  I won't go into trying to work out the why of this apparent change, I'll largely just proceed to operate on the basis of the original Funimation dub, as indicated.
In the Buu saga scene, Vegeta asks Piccolo if he'll get to meet Goku in the afterlife (or in Other World, if you prefer).  Piccolo then informs him that Goku earned a body and freedom of movement in the afterlife due to a long life of selflessness and heroics, and that Vegeta should not expect to be granted the same reward, having spent too much of his life being selfish and inflicting pain and misery.  It is not stated that anything happens that erases memories or wholly prevents resurrection via Dragon Balls in this version. All he's being told is that he won't be able to run around being rivals with Goku in the afterlife.
What we do know is that elsewhere in the series it is implied that a spirit which is purified of its evil can then be reborn.  This is how Uub comes to exist, as the reincarnation of the purified Buu.  And in the movie Fusion Reborn, with the villain Janemba, there is even a machine for such purification.  However, many villains and other beings are shown in Hell at various points and in various media.*  This suggests that purification is not particularly fast or even mandatory, and may not necessarily be applied to the most powerful of entities. This is reinforced by how Fusion Reborn is predicated upon the (single) demon that operates the machine being lazy and not properly doing his job. So even if evil spirits are supposed to be purified quickly, in practice it would seem things are run too inefficiently to achieve this.  There is also the fact that Shenron originally had a one year time limit on restoring someone to life.  If whatever happens to evil beings upon death prevented resurrection via Shenron (which is who resurrects Vegeta on Namek), then there must be at least a one year delay between death and whatever this process is (purification and being reborn, or otherwise) in order for this time limit to be knowable and meaningful.
Moreover, we are ultimately told that Hell is planet-specific, and so the above purification stuff is for Earth only.  So there's no reason at all to think that the rules stated for those who have died on Earth will also apply the same to those who die on Namek or anywhere else. So even if you are right and Vegeta should have been purified upon death, by Earth's rules for Hell, he wasn't by the simple fact that he died on Namek and not Earth.
And in any case, even by Earth's rules his resurrection is not prevented. We know, from Chiatzu receiving a body and Tien a new arm after losing them in their fights against Nappa, that it is possible for bodies to be repaired or reconstructed entirely in the afterlife. Upon being wished back to life, Chiatzu retained his body, and Tien retained his replacement arm. So even if Vegeta, upon his death on Earth, was denied the retention of his body (he wasn't, but by a special exception rather than having earned it), his body can still be reconstructed when something like a wish on the Dragonballs is made.**
Finally, in the Buu saga, we have two wishes that go out of their way to exclude the resurrection of evil people.  First, when using Earth's dragon balls to restore those killed in Majin Vegeta's rampage, they specifically exclude the resurrection of evil people.  Second, near the end of the Buu saga, when Dende wishes the Earth and then its people back using New Namek's dragon balls, he also specifically excludes evil people from being restored to life. And while we might say in the first case that maybe the Z-team doesn't know the exact ins-and-outs of what the dragon balls can do with regards to reviving evil people, Dende was an expert.  Such specific exclusion of evil beings would be completely unnecessary if they were already impossible to resurrect.

*You don't seem to be quite as concerned with why so many decidedly-not-worthy beings have bodies, so I won't put much effort into trying to explain that.  Best guess is that anyone of sufficient (will)power can forcibly retain/manifest a body, but they are generally denied freedom of movement and constrained to Hell (or HFIL in the original dub). Though why Piccolo would apparently not know this, and would not predict that Vegeta could probably forcibly retain a body, is less clear. Perhaps he wasn't being as honest as he claimed.  But being constrained to Hell alone would be sufficient to keep Goku separated from him in normal circumstances.
**There's apparently a time limit on that, though, which ties into an exception into the 1 year limit for Shenron.  In DragonBall Super, Freiza is wished back to life with Earth's dragonballs.  When the wish is requested, Shenron says that since it has been more than a year since Freiza's death that he could only be restored to his body in the state it was in upon his death.  Which in this case consisted of being sliced into dozens of pieces, thanks to Trunks.  So if we accept this bit of Super, the 1-year time limit is more specifically about constructing a body for the being to be resurrected, and not necessarily about the soul becoming irretrievable for whatever reason.

I also inserted the conversation of vegeta and piccolo to the question, the eng dub is not far at all from the japanese content. it's still very clearly that shenron or porlunga couldn't revive vegeta. and the fact the frieza came back to life in DBS is surely not dbz-manga-canon.

i just heard the eng dub for DBK (might be different for DBZ?) and piccolo says: "you killed too many innocent people, once you die your body will cease to exist, your soul will sent to a very different world than one goku soul end up, once there you will be clenched and your memories erased, you'll turn into a new life form". saying that earth rules are exaggerating and needs hard evidence, vegeta killed after all entire village on namek.

@USerNAme Which is definitely not in the dub, but it doesn't matter anyway, since Shenron from the start has had a 1 year time limit on resurrection.  So either the cleansing can't stop a wished resurrection, or the cleansing and erasure doesn't happen for at least a year, as I said.

i don't know what kind of dub you have, mine (funimation) are saying so, and anyway denying the source won't help your answer 2. in DBk ep151 where vegeta were special case of not being recreated emma daio says (translated from japanes): "luckily i thought ahead and just in case i decided to leave his soul intact, i have also given him a body", it haven't been so long from when he died, maybe even not a day, but daio still says that only because he thought ahed he didn't let his soul recreated.

@USerNAme Funimation dub is not the Kai dub.  The Funimation dub was of the original DBZ series.  The funimation dub of that scene can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yvx4R56Mx0  Literally all Piccolo says is that Vegeta will not receive the same reward as Goku.  He doesn't say what otherwise will happen to him.

@USerNAme  The Jap Kai scene, with English subs, is here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsuMRSolbz8  That one does coincide with what you say, that Piccolo is significantly more specific about Vegeta being cleansed etc.  But no timetable is provided.

you are missed my last point of daio, piccolo indeed didn't mentioned timetable but my evidence from daio should prove that it's simultaneously happen. and to say that shenron is capable to reverse the cleansing and also make a new body is unheard of. and my dub kai in my dual-audio files are funimation.

too bad you depend all your answer in what you add/change. anyway i answered your last part in the question itself.

@zibadawatimmy apparenlty the author stated in a Q&A section that since the bad Boo was pure evil, he was easily purified in the afterlife, and was able to be reincarnated as Oob right away, so apparently the process does indeed take time. Basically, it is simpler to say that DB Hell is more similar to a purgatory.

I don't recall this being A Thing in DBZ, nor do I recall the Home For Infinite Losers (or "Hell") being elaborated on during the Namek arc.
In short:  Vegeta was revived because the wish to Shenron was for all of the people who were slain by Frieza to be brought back.  Because Vegeta was indeed killed by Frieza, he was resurrected by this wish.
Can't say much about the Buu arc here; in between these series, there may have been more than a few plot holes laid since this restriction never came up during Frieza's time.

you don't answer nor understand the question, maybe. in buu arc vegeta asking piccolo if he could be revived using the dragon balls and piccolo answers it cannot be done because evil people have been recreated in hell. while to keep this as a plot hole can be logical though.

@USerNAme where in the arc does that happen? I don't remember it ever being said.

@Joe W in DBK it's ep127

@USerNAme That should be put in the question so that it is easier for people to go find it to get a better understanding.

@Joe W edited the question by you recommendation and also mentioned the episode to where Vegeta were revived.


text:
Why Al's had lost all his body and Ed's lost just his arm?
A question that bothered me every time I'm watching FMA\FMAB, it is clear that one body & soul had to be paid (plus arm), but why Al's and not Ed's? anytime I asked myself that I told myself that it happened to be that way, but it could be the opposite and Ed's body & soul to be taken and there's no special reason to that.
And that is my point, is there a reason or it really happens to be that way for no reason at all (except the author reasons of course ...).

What Truth takes is not arbitrary, but ironic; it takes something symbolic of what the alchemist who opened the gate desired. This is explained by Father in Chapter 102 of the manga (found in Volume 25), and is summarized by the FMA Wiki as:

Father discusses the irony behind the works of the 'Truth', who took Ed's way to 'stand by himself' and his 'only family', Al's body so he 'cannot feel the mother's warmth as he craved', Izumi's 'capacity to nurture the seed of life' and, now, with Mustang, coming full circle, 'depriving the man who had a grand vision to save his country of his eyesight, denying him to see what his beloved nation will become'.

As Brotherhood follows the manga, the reason stands there as well; in the 2003 anime, the reasoning may be similar, but likely exists simply because it was done in the manga, and the reasoning had not yet been revealed there.
Within your question, there is a false assumption, that "one body & soul" can be traded for another human life; human transmutation is not possible, and nothing was taken as any sort of equivalent exchange. Al's body was taken as the price of opening the gate, as was Ed's leg (his arm was not part of this exchange), Izumi's organs/reproductive system, and Mustang's eyes.
Furthermore, Al's soul was never part of the price. It was not taken by Truth; only his body was taken. It's shown within Brotherhood and the manga that Al's soul was what animated the failed human transmutation; it was the nearest thing close to a human (the chemical composition was correct) that shared a blood link to him. As the failed transmutation could not survive long term, Ed gave his arm not as part of the initial transmutation, but to force Al's soul onto the nearest human-shaped object and bind it before it was lost.

I didn't mean to say that One body & soul is for the transmutation for human life but the price for them that they did the forbidden, by your answer it's now clear.

To be clear, a soul was never part of the exchange, only a body and a leg.

It doesn't make sense, Ed clearly was saying "give me back my brother" and in the fight against Father El's soul finally get to back to its body - beyond the gate of truth, it seems right to me that's where the soul was before Ed returned it. (FMAB)

It's spelled out in the show and manga; I'll add a clarification to my answer to make it clear to you.

Don't get me wrong, I'm not disagreeing with you, I just don't get it, especially what I pointed out, what ep in fmab is it?

I don't have the manga or anime in front of me, nor do I have time to look it up for you, but it's referenced in several questions here, ie. https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/43063/was-body-rejection-even-a-possibility https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/37091/why-did-alphonse-lose-everything https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/28478/what-was-that-thing-edward-and-alphonse-created-when-they-attempted-human-transm

Oh yeah, it's true that Al's soul has been used to be the "new soul" for the body Al and El created, but then again, it's backfired at your answer - a soul is needed for human transmutation, so ok, body made out of the materials and a soul is needed, so the question is still on - if Al's body was paid for Al's crime, the soul was needed for the transmutation... you get what I was saying?

You're still misunderstanding. Al's soul was not used at all in the transmutation, and my answer does not say as much. Please watch the show again if you are still so confused by what happened.

The questions you just gave mentioned it... in Ep14 when Al gets back its memory we clearly see him through the body as his soul was in it and since the body rejected it his soul back to the "truth", in later episodes El explains, so a soul is needed in the transmutation or not? please explain it to me since you saying I'm misunderstanding.

Let us continue this discussion in chat.

According to wikipedia

 The only things Alchemists are forbidden from transmuting are humans
 and gold. There has never been a successful human transmutation; those
 who attempt it lose a part of their body and the result is a horrific
 inhuman mass. Attemptees are confronted by Truth (真理, Shinri), a
 pantheistic and semi-cerebral God-like being who tauntingly regulates
 all alchemy use and whose nigh-featureless appearance is relative to
 the person to whom Truth is conversing with; the series' antagonist,
 Father, and some other characters, claim and believe that Truth is a
 personal God who punishes the arrogant, a belief that Edward denies,
 citing a flaw in Father's interpretation of Truth's works.

so

  After finishing their alchemy training under Izumi Curtis, the
 brothers attempt to bring their mother back with alchemy. But the
 transmutation backfires and in law with an equivalent exchange, Edward
 loses his left leg while Alphonse is dragged into the Gate of Truth.
 Edward sacrifices his right arm to retrieve Alphonse's soul, binding
 it to a suit of armor with a blood seal.

the better justification of equivalent trade is given on the blog dotandline.net

 There is no equivalent exchange when it comes to love, life, or each
 other. In any kind of relationship, you can never truly pay anyone
 back. There is no convenient currency to barter with those who love
 us. Both Ed and Al give up everything for the other—and they wind up
 right where they started, though with a truer sense of what it means
 to be human, and to love.

 Each human being is just water, carbon, salt, iron, a handful of other
 ingredients, and everything we have ever felt. Every life we have ever
 changed. Every mistake we have ever made. Every person we can’t save.
 Every choice we can’t change.

 You can’t atone for what you’ve done. You won’t be rewarded for it,
 either, not in any sort of equivalent form. There is only the road
 ahead. The drive to keep learning, to do better, to bear the messiness
 it takes to keep on and gather the heartaches and small miracles you
 come across along the way. Sunsets, the wind on your skin, the harm
 you cause and good you’ll do, the risks you’ll take, everyone you’ve
 ever held or forsaken or made to feel alive—that, in itself, is a kind
 of magic.


text:
Why was Ash's Pokedex replaced?
At the end of the Orange League season (Episode 118 "The Rivalry Revival"), when Ash talks with Professor Oak and decides to continue travelling to the Johto region, Prof. Oak gives him a new Pokédex. In every new region Ash goes to, he get a new Pokédex to catalogue the new Pokémon living there.

Strangely enough, though, in episode 50 "Who Gets To Keep Togepi", Oak tells Ash there's a new upgrade to the Pokédex, saying "Well, now you can get details on all the latest Pokemon discoveries", and upgrades Ash's Pokédex.

At first it really wasn't clear why Ash should get that upgrade, but later in the same episode this question is cleared up, as Ash gets to see Togepi and says "Hey, now that Dexter is been upgraded he'll know the answer". Although Togepi is from the next generation, the Pokédex now has the info on Togepi (although it does say that more info about its species is still unavailable) rather than saying "there are still Pokémon yet to be identified" like in the first episode with Ho-Oh.
Anyway, this upgrade seems to make the Pokédex know the species in the 2nd Gen, which makes me wonder why Ash needs a new Pokédex for the Johto region since the Pokédex had already been upgraded to know the Johto Pokémon species, and we don't see any great difference in the new Pokédex except its design.
(Although it may need evidence, since the Pokédex clearly says the there's not much data on Togepi, since it's not new the Pokédex might say that like in Ep.23 "The Tower Of Terror" the Pokédex said the same about Gastly, Haunter and Gengar.)

My suspicion is that the upgrade didn't contain information about all the Johto Pokémon, only some of them. The second upgrade added the rest. I'll have to do some research before I'm confident enough to make that an answer, but it seems like the intuitive answer to me.

@F1Krazy - If that's true (and I'm not saying it's not) there's almost no way to prove it since Ash didn't meet 2nd generation Pokemon 'till he gets the new Pokedex except Togepi.

In Season One, ep66 "The Evolution Solution" Ash and his gang are going to Prof. Westwood, who programmed the Pokedex, once he sees Togepi he says "Now that's interesting Pokemon" after Misty asks "You mean Togepi" he says "I've never seen another Pokemon quite like that". although this may lead to a plot-hole as with Ash's Pokedex had been upgraded to know Togepi, as in the question, it may not be so much a problem since the Pokedex itself said "there's not much data" to imply that Prof. Westwood though he didn't have much data but may have heard about species like Togepi and insert that little information he heard and the Pokedex Associate the information to Togepi.
Anyway, to the question, Prof. Westwood soon tells Misty "Yeah, and I'm updating all my research materials about the rarest legendary Pokemon!", so it is safe to say that is exactly the new Pokedex Ash received before going to Johto since Westwood said itself that he is currently in updating his materials as the early upgrade Ash gets not to contain expensive data on Gen2 Pokemon and only after that update Westwood worked on the next Pokedex Generation. (support @f1Krazy comment)

And the evidence for that (although it's in the Advance series its still evidence that Westwood discovered new information) is in Advanced Challenge ep4 "The Princess And The Togepi" the Pokedex has much larger information about Togepi than the first Pokedex.


text:
The Homunculi names in Full Metal Alchemist 2003
(the question is aimed only for FMA03 and not FMAB as suggested from the title and contains uncovered spoilers for the anime)
I have a little trouble that the homunculi called after the 7 sins by FMA03 way, and I will explain.
In the FMA03 anime homunculi are created by failed human transmission, if that so, what makes them go by the title of the "7 sins" as Envy, Pride Lust an etc., it's hard to me because: if there were than more 7 people in the world trying human transmission what they would called? second what makes them to be after the 7 sins in their behaviour if they are "failed" and didn't deliberately created? my main issue is, why they needed to be called after the 7 sins anyway? what for?
I thought this through and this is what I got:

I could have said that Dante made them that way by make them eat the red stones and by that they got those emotions and behaviour, by Dante management, it could were the truth if not for the creation of Wrath that didn't made to be look like human by Dante and his behaviour was "Wrath" from it's origin and didn't grow up by intervention. (which is another question not for here, how it grew up to be human shape without red stones)
I could say that is only Dante way to call her fellow homunculi after the 7 sins, but in this way I will have to say that she couldn't except that Izumi's homunculi will be Wrath or any other sins to go after some pattern unless we will say the first answer.
I could say to answer for both of those answers that Dante knows that the spirits for the homunculi behind the gate can be only one of the 7 sins, but this one not only needs hard evidence but hard to say since there can be 2 or even 3 Pride or Lust.

Anyway I would glad to be enlighten or I missed a thing.

i would think they just get other names. i get the feeling that tying the Homunculi to Father purging himself of Sin wasn't originally the idea and if they needed more Christian "evil" names there is The Devil who went under a number of them like Satan and Beelzebub

"Dante knows that the spirits for the homunculi behind the gate" depending on your belief if that spirit = soul then that would mean that the homunculi have souls which is actually the opposite. Majhal pointed out that homunculi don't have souls which was the point of his attempts, to bind Karin's soul to one of his homunculi, Dante's homunculi are a bit different in that they ate Red Stone which we can assume stabilized them following their creation from the rebounded alchemy (ie. Sloth)

@Memor-X that's the reason I called it spirit and not soul, though it doesn't have a soul it must have some spirit so it won't be just body.

Just to clarify (I have only read the manga and have not watched the anime), regarding your first point, are you asking why they are named 7 sins if there can be more than 7 of them for each sin?

@W.Are mu]y main point is - why dante needs homunculi that form the 7 sins? for what reason? unlike the manga (or the fmab anime) it isn't necessary for dante to have 7 homunculi of 7 sins for her purpose.

As far as I know, there is no certain canon answer but there are quite some hints.

At the end of FMA03 we see Dante doing something to Gluttony removing his intelligence and personality and replacing them with an endless hunger for energy. So Dante being directly responsible for the 7 sins symbolism is not out of the question but it does not quite add up.
Since every homunculus follows the theme of their name, we can rule out the possibility that it is just Dante calling them names.
This "spirits of homunculi"-idea is based on Wrath (Sensei's homunculus), right? He tells Ed about his time behind the gate and how he acquired Ed's limbs. But he never said anything about originating there. Unlike Manga or Brotherhood, there is no connection between Homunculi and the shadows behind the Gate. Sensei created Wrath after losing her child and after realizing her mistake, she put him on the other side of the (still open) Door. 2003 Humunculi are just sentient bodies that are very similar to humans but have neither soul nor a healthy personality.

I originally thought that the 2003 homunculi followed the sin that led to their creation but while Lust was created by her lover, Envy was created by Hohenheim back when he thought himself to be omnipotent. So it is safe to say that the homunculi are by nature always "born" into challenging circumstances and are unable to form meaningful relationships to process them. Dante might influence them to make them easier to control but even without her, they are unhealthy beings that are driven towards spoiled and extreme personalities.

Though you haven't answered directly, you answered, and a good one - you said well that they are "grown" into that, even without Dante influence, she just called them the way they are growing to. but it still seems hard to me since it doesn't answer the point - in your case - why didn't two homunculi went the same way? from your answer, it is possible.

After some thought I came up with the solution from your answer: though the homunculi could grow to some emotion, the homunculi she gathered are either grower to their emotion or manipulate by dante for that (as we see with Gluttony), sometimes even both, in that way she could even manipulate Izumi's homunculi, though we didn't see it, it could be. that way she would have any homunculi with the 7 sins being her delivers (unlike Father in manga/fmab that wanted to get rid of them), that's seem reasonable.

The 2003 anime is not exactly canon, it doesn't follow the manga (because the manga was incomplete at the time).
Therefore there may be inconsistencies in the 2003 anime, at a certain point they had to make up episodes as there was no manga plot to draw on anymore.
In the 2003 anime, the Homunculi are simply created during human transmutation that fails and the homunculi comes into contact with a red stone.
It's an incomplete human transmutation that gained some kind of power to exist via the red stone which has souls. Without the red stone, the homunculi ends up dying soon after creation.
As far as the names given to these, it's clearly because they are incomplete. A complete human in theory has all of these emotions, and thus they kind of balance each other out (of course in real life many people have more of one than others).
As far as the names for some other homunculi created by other people, well they should follow the same rules. Just imagine that if there were hundreds of homunculi around the world in the hypothetical world of the anime, that there could be dozens of lust, greed, envy etc homunculi (obviously they would look different as well).

The all "fma2003 isn't following the manga" I knew and that's basically my point of this question, it doesn't says the writers for the series didn't think but created new logic. and you haven't answered the second point - as you were said, those are incomplete human so they won't have full emotion, I understand that, so there will be one emotion at per failed human transmutation, so why Dante gathered 7 homunculi of 7 emotions and don't have 2 or 3 homunculi per emotion, like 2 pride and 2 lust, you haven't answered that problem in my question.

@USerNAme But why would he need 2 prides or 2 lusts in the first place?

@Michael Irving you missing my point, Dante only need homunculi for her ambitions, for that  what it matters 2 or 3 homunculi of the same emotion? unless there's some good reason, and that's my question main point.


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Karna's prana consumption
Throughout the fate universe, there are many strong servants. And one of them is Karna, who is said by Nasu to be on par with Gilgamesh.
But it is a fact that he consumes so much mana that an ordinary master can't handle it. A basic mage can't even keep his mana burst(flames) activated continuously for 10 seconds. Why does this happen?
The reason I'm asking this is simple. We have Gilgamesh, who uses thousands of noble phantasms (and that is his main offence) and still doesn't drain his master. This one may not seem like a good example (since he uses hate of Babylon) so let's look at another case;
Artoria(saber). She was summoned in fuyuki ALIVE. She is different from other servants this way. Since she was summoned like this and not in a servant container as how it should be, she had no choice but to use mana burst to match in strength with other servants. And even though she was using mana burst again and again, Shirou could handle it.
Why is it like this? Does this mean that Karna alone is like this? Will his prana consumption decrease if he summoned in archer or rider class?

Paulnamid's answer covers your mistake about Gilgamesh, and briefly mentions what you've got wrong about Artoria.  But to go into more detail on Artoria...
Artoria has the heart of a dragon.  Or, depending on who you ask, her heart is a dragon.  She can as such store and produce massive amounts of prana all on her own, and does so as naturally as (and via) breathing.  If a mage is a minor machine at this, she's a massive factory.  The problem for her is that she needs something of a starter supply to activate the core, and it's this she was originally in short supply of in F/SN. She starts out with no supply of energy from Shirou, at all.  So there's no issue with Shirou withstanding her Mana Bursts, as he was never involved in that in any way. She was initially relying entirely on her stored reserves, and used up something like a fifth of what she started with in her first encounter with Berserker.  But eventually, in the suitable route, Shirou gets his circuits connected to Artoria's with Rin's help, and her draconic magic core activates (well enough for her to achieve what she does for the rest of the war, anyway)*.  Depending on which version of the story you have digested, you might see Shirou encounter a dragon in this sequence, and the core light up with a prismatic light as it activates with Shirou's energy.  After this point, Shirou is essentially only providing the fuel necessary to keep Artoria's core running, and the core's production covers her mana burst.**
The distinction then is that, as a Servant, Karna has no intrinsic ability to produce his own prana supply, at least not at the level necessary to sustain everything he can do.  Artoria, however, has a prana factory intrinsic to her very being (though it may need a jump start).
*In the Unlimited Blade Works route, Shirou is instead connected to Rin, who has a heart of dolphins or something.  Rin then fuels both Artoria and Shirou.
**You may be asking yourself, "why doesn't Artoria just feed her own core the energy needed to kickstart it?  She's got a lot more than Shirou does for most of this time." The answer there doesn't seem to get spelled out as explicitly, but the short of the matter is that she was never trained in any of the magecraft arts, and she has no real understanding about how to use her core and her absolutely amazing draconic magic circuits properly. But if she had been... So she has difficulties really activating the core on her own, and it's the direct hookup of her core to Shirou's supply that enables it to finally get going.

Gilgamesh is not using hundreds of NPs. He's using the Gate of Babylon, just opening a portal, shooting a projectile and then retrieving it, it's actually very cost effective. The only weapons he can actually release their True Names are Ea and Enkidu.
Source from Fate Complete Material III, on Gilgamesh: Tactics

Gilgamesh battles by shooting the originals of all Noble Phantasms like bullets via Gate of Babylon. The tactic yields excellent destructive power to magic energy efficiency. Since every Noble Phantasm is a bullet, the real magical energy used is merely the activation cost of Gate of Babylon. Because he possesses the originals of all Noble Phantasms, he can assault the weakness of any Servants. As a result, Gilgamesh has the advantage over most of the Servants in combat.

Artoria doesn't even have a proper path with Shirou, she's using her own prana reserves to use her skills. So no, Shirou is not sustaining her Mana Bursts.
Karna's Mana Burst (Flame) is just very high-maintenance. Extremely powerful as well, the dude is a fucking demigod, easily Heracles tier, who also has terrible prana consumption, Illya is probably the only one who could sustain Karna, much like she did with Herc. This last bit is pure speculation.


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Curfew in Academy City
In A Certain Scientific Railgun, it's mentioned several times that there is a curfew for students in Academy City. Why is this so? Can someone explain to me please.


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Why did Zenitsu require an incredible breathing technique to get out of simple rubble?
Question pertains to Demon Slayer - Entertainment District Arc:
Spoiler:

 I find it hard to believe that Zenitsu, a supernatural demon slayer, couldn't get out of some rubble, and had to use First Form: Thunderclap and Flash: God Speed to get out of about 50kg of rubble, while he is perfectly capable of fighting demons who can lift many times that weight i.e 50kg. Isn't that a contradiction?

I'd like to argue that 1. demon slayers are not supernatural, demons are 2. If you were under a rubble, you would have struggled just like Zenitsu did unless you have breathing techniques mastered.

@FumikageTokoyami thanks for your reply! Why are you not of the opinion that demon slayers are supernatural? He's not only fast and strong, literally lightning comes out of Zenitsu's blade!

Because they are humans.

lightning isn't literally coming out of his blade. It's some artistic style. See here

Demon Slayers are human that have reached an expert level of swordsmanship and breathing techniques similar to real-life samurais, so they are in no way supernatural, but the show depicts them using flashy abilities with elemental-like features for entertainment purposes.
Zenitsu was heavily beaten by an Upper Rank Demon and collapsed under a pile of rubble. He uses the breathing technique to get out as it was the only way to amass enough strength to free himself and use First Form: Thunderclap and Flash: God Speed to cover the distance between him and Daki in an instant.


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Does Sasuke also remove Kurama's memories when they time travel?
In the arc where Sasuke and Boruto time travelled to the past, It was mentioned that Sasuke removed the memories of everyone, well except for Kurama. Did he really forgot to remove it? or Kurama kept it all this time?
..Boruto Episode 136

There is no evidence that Sasuke removed Kurama's memories. So, I believe Kurama knows everything.
I only remember the first time when Sasuke entered Naruto's mind/ the Bijuu Psyche.

Tenchi Bridge Reconnaissance Mission
Sasuke, with his active Sharingan, suddenly appeared within Naruto's
subconscious, which surprised both Naruto and the Nine-Tails. The
Nine-Tails became impressed with Sasuke's growth and ability, but as
it stated that Sasuke's chakra was similar to Madara Uchiha, Sasuke
effortlessly suppressed the fox's residual chakra with his Sharingan.
Although angrily shocked by the display of his power, the Nine-Tails
concluded that this might be its last meeting with Sasuke, so it
warned him not to kill Naruto, because he would only end up regretting
it.

It simply means that even if Sasuke tried to enter Naruto's mind and talk to Kurama, the beast will not listen because Kurama hates humans and the human he hates most is Uchiha Madara. Also, in many later episodes when Naruto got a lot of control over Kurama, Kurama always used to try to influence Naruto to hate humans of what they did to him. He wants to make Naruto like himself. He also tries to make him remember Sasuke's betrayal every time. So that means even Kurama is unable to recognize Sasuke.

I want to believe it too, but on the other hand, I can't see Sasuke failing on a simple mistake.

Kurama's chakra is deeply connected to Naruto's chakra so I think any kind of genjutsu used on Naruto will also effect Kurama.

The series has used the connection to come to the exact opposite conclusion.  It was a big point of the never-go-alone rules in the earlier arcs that a major reason for that rule was because it was very easy to break a genjutsu if someone else simply cycles their chakra through them; else you're easily dispatched with.  Tailed beast hosts are a convenient 2-in-1 package, and can in principle break each other out of genjutsu, at least if they're willing and knowing. At one point I recall Kurama specifically breaking Naruto out of one, though I can't remember when, so...grain of salt.


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What happened to this character creating this phenomenom?
So, in part 3, we see that Old Joseph tells his grandson, Jotaro Kujo (our protagonist), that

 stands were created by DIO's reawakening.

But in part 4, we see that

 Koichi gets struck by a stand arrow, giving him the stand called Echoes.

These objects were created by

 a meteorite that struck earth https://jojo.fandom.com/wiki/Bow_and_Arrow

This caused

 stand arrows to appear, that were given to a young Diavolo

So did they both influence stands, or was it just one of them?

(spoilers for DIO's Diary, Vento Aureo, Phantom Blood, and StarDust Crusaders)
Joseph never said that the stands were created or summoned directly through DIO's awakening, however he did say that ONLY the Joestar bloodline's stands stemmed from him, as he is indirectly a part of it by stealing Jonathan's body, in DIO's Diary: OverHeaven, he explains that when he awakened from his 100 year sleep, he met Enya, who shot him with the arrow, thus giving him, Joseph, Jotaro, and Holly stands. Everything that was said in Vento Aureo and Diamond is Unbreakable, is true, and stands never stemmed directly from DIO or Jonathan.

Thanks for clarifying this. Helped me understand this wacky timeline better.

It was primarily the arrow actually. Some years after possessing Jonathans body, Dio met an old witch called Enyaba who was in possession of 5 of the stand arrows and using a Stand arrow she helped him awaken his Stand and taught him how to use it [StarDust Crusaders, Jojo part 3]. Consequently this has a large ripple effect on the entire Joestar bloodline and hence most of the Joestars awakened their Stand but that was as a result of Dio's connection through Jonathan's body to his descendants.

At least in the case of the Joestar bloodline the effect of the arrow was not singular but instead also induced Stands awakening in Jonathans Descendants, not sure if that's a special case of Dios possession tho


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Why is Giorno's clothes color different between the manga and anime version?
On Jul 5, 2018, there was an announcement about Jojo Bizarre Adventure: Golden Wind that will be aired in October 2018.
When I see the first pic of the anime version of Jojo part 5, the color of Giorno's clothes looks like this.

While originally, Giorno's clothes look like this:

I know that some of Jojo part 5 manga's cover has this color (pink) for his clothes like volume 54 and volume 55 but it's only the cover, like many other Jojo manga's cover that have many colorful clothes, background, lips and so.
Why did they choose pink for Giorno's clothes?

Why not blue?
Because apparently there is no canon color scheme to JoJo's.
Hirohiko Araki stated in notes from his lecture from 2006

When Jojo became an OVA, one of the animators asked Araki "what color if Jotaro?" however Araki had no such concept. He colors everything based on calculation. For example, in Volume 54 Giorno's clothes are pink, but in Volume 63 they are blue.

As praraphrased by Super Eyepatch Wolf, "he doesn't view his world or characters in any consistant color palet".
Why pink?
Dunno. Looks good on him? I'm betting the production staff had some freedom when it came to the color palet given Araki's attitude towards colors.
Also, as stated, the color scheme has been seen in past media such as the covers mentioned.
The production staff may have also wanted to differentiate themselves from previous color choises. The blue was the color of choise for the DIGITAL COLORED COMICS version, which I think the picture in the question originates from, as well as games such as All Star Battle and Eyes of Heaven.

To add to this, they changed Fugo's style also.
Just saying.


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What actually happened with Diavolo?
At the final battle between Giorno and Diavolo in episode 38. Diavolo got punched many times, and almost drowned in the river.
He survived that and able to catch the edge of the sewer stairs, which kept his body floating. Poorly, he met a burglar/homeless man that stabbed him, and then he lost consciousness. Just after that, he looks like he's in a hospital bed, and a female doctor suddenly performs an autopsy on his body while Diavolo's alive. In the middle of the autopsy he suddenly teleports to a downtown area where he gets hit by a car, and last, he met with a child and for no reason Diavolo got scared.
What happens to Diavolo in episode 38 exactly? According to Jojo's Wiki,
such stated

Gold Experience Requiem is a close-range Requiem Stand that boasts an
incredible increase in both speed and power compared to its previous
form. It also wields the arcane power of reverting anything to "zero",
effectively undoing their actions; a power that trumps even the time
erasure/nullification of King Crimson.

What I understood from the show was that Giorno's Gold Experience Requiem put Diavolo in a state where he constantly had to experience death over and over again forever. He would die in a particular scenario, wake up in another place and experience his death in that place as well and then proceed to wake up in another place... and so on. From the Diavolo page of the Jojo wiki under the section Final Moments, it is stated that

Due to the ability of Gold Experience Requiem, Diavolo is trapped in
  an infinite death loop; He continues to experience death over and over
  for eternity due to dying and subsequently returning to point zero
  (before his death), starting with drowning in the nearby river,
  followed by being stabbed to death, autopsied alive, and hit by a car.
  Panicked in anticipation for where the next source of his never-ending
  fatality is going to come from, the last of what is seen of Diavolo is
  him begging a harmless child to get away from him.

Following that. He never hit the truth of well, death, which caused the infinite death loop. He never actually "dies". He still has to experience the pain, but he'll never really die.


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What's the reason DIO and Jotaro could fly in Stardust Crusaders?
When I watched the first season of Jojo no Kimyou na Bouken: Stardust Crusaders, I have never seen Jotaro fly with his stand, but suddenly in season 2 of Stardust Crusaders when Jotaro confronted DIO, he did fly. You could see on this scene, they did fly when they punch each other. Is this a new ability of their stand?

They aren't flying, but rather a consecutive set of "Stand leaps" combined with The World's ability to stop time. This is basically when the stand uses its power to perform a very powerful jump by either jumping or punching walls and the floor. For example, in Jotaro's fight with Dio we see him punch a wall with Star Platinum to propel him in another direction.
The instance where The World and Star Platinum attack each other and both Stand users start to "fly", it is like lots of mini Stand leaps as they propel off each other. The 2 Stands punch each other so fast they begin to rise, because the forces acting on the other are equivalent to Stand leaps.

Time stop ➡ Everything stops ➡ Physics stop ➡ Gravity stops ➡ You can fly without gravity and Star platinum steers with the sheer power of his punches

How about when Jotaro and DIO were flying without needing Timestop?

He can fly with the sheer power of his punches.


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Why did this character become a zombie after the King Crimson arc?
Spoilers below.
After the fight with the boss, in the Mystery of King Crimson arc,

Buccellati “dies”, and when Giorno arrives, his soul was leaving his body. Giorno healed his body and he resurrected, I think. After that, it is shown that his wounds don't show many, if not any at all, signs of blood or other types of harm.

In the Green Day and Oasis story arc, Green Day don't have any effect on Buccellati because

the mold doesn't spread to dead things, meaning that Buccellati body was dead but he still is alive.

Well, for this question to be answered, I need to know what happened at the San Giorgio Maggiore church and how can Gold Experience resurrect someone.

My Explanation
It was fated by Rolling Stones in the last episode of Golden Wind (, see here,) that Bucciarati dies this way. In JoJo, resolve controls fate. Bucciarati's resolve was so strong that it was fated that even after he died, his soul inhabited his body. His body however is still dead. In the fan JoJo Wiki talking about Bucciarati's undead state, it says:
Undead
During the events at San Giorgio Maggiore island, Bucciarati was given a lethal blow by the boss and was subsequently healed by Giorno's Gold Experience. Bucciarati eventually reveals that his life had ended at that time, however, his body continued to move only through the "life energy" that Giorno had given him. In this undead state, Bucciarati lacks bodily functions such as breathing, a heartbeat, or the ability to feel pain. However, it also allowed him to be immune to the effects of Green Day, and although the decay of his body gradually made him functionally blind and deaf, he could still converse with others through the ability to observe and feel what individual souls thought.
If you want more information about Bucciarrati, look here for info


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How does Sticky Fingers' ability work toward Pesci in Golden Wind?
At the final battle of the  Grateful Death arc, we could see Buccellati confronted Pesci and his stand: Beach Boy using Sticky Fingers. At the end of the battle, Buccellati attacked Pesci repeatedly and suddenly Pesci was ripped apart into pieces. How could this happen? I thought that Sticky Fingers ability was to make a zipper in an object and could open and close the zipper so Buccellati could make a hole inside that object.
When he undid Sticky Fingers' ability, the pieces would normally return to the foe's body, without the body getting ripped apart. But in Pesci's case, it seems the torn part didn't return back to his main body parts. This is the scene where Pesci was ripped apart by Sticky Fingers

This is apparently just one more of the "Araki Forgot" cases. You are right that Pesci's body should've been zipped back together afterwards.

Epic Beatdown Logic makes it so that Pesci gets wrecked. Don't question it.

Pesci could've died due to his injuries, making the zippers useless in putting his body together in this case.
Also, the zippers faded away, so that just proves my point further.
It's the only sensible reason I have for this issue.


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How could "this character" come back to life without becoming a Vampire at the end of Stardust Crusaders?
At the end of JoJo season 3: Stardust Crusaders, episode 48:

 Dio Brando killed Joseph Joestar using 'The World'. Later on, Dio drained his blood entirely and left Joseph Joestar as a husk.

However, Jotaro was able to revive

 Joseph by transferring blood from Dio's dead body into his Grand Dad. (YouTube reference)

What I'm trying to understand though is why

 Joseph did not turn into an undead vampire.

Because I remember the episode before that, Dio had previously used his blood

 to turn Vanilla Ice into a vampire (the one with the "self-eating" Stand).

No hard facts are given on this one (at least none translated that I was able to find).
But a common theory is Hamon.  Joseph was a naturally gifted Hamon user.  So the theory is that the blood started to turn Joseph into a vampire, but his natural Hamon purified it at the same time, so he was restored to life as a normal human (or as normal as Joestar can ever be).
Also, DIO had only consumed Joseph's blood an hour earlier, so the blood may have still counted more as Joseph's than anything else.
But most importantly, Jojos in general runs on Rule of Cool and Rule of Funny.  You shouldn't try to apply to much logic to it.

I think it is due to the fact Dio was dead and utterly destroyed, the blood was just "normal" blood without any immortal vampiric properties. Plus it is technically not Dio's blood but Jonathan Joestar's.
It is only my theory.

Jonathan's body was completely taken over by Dio and over the years it became Dio's body. Remember at first, Dio was having trouble healing his scar on his neck because the body was rejecting him, but after a couple years he completely healed and at that point he completely took over Jonathans Body. So it was in fact DIo's blood

DIO's head was destroyed so the thing that was making Jonathan's body Vampirish effect was gone except for the weakness to the sun part. The blood will disappear when in contact with the sun. So if a jojo got some of the blood, some of their blood will evaporate in the sun. Also Joseph was not reduced to a husk, a cup of blood can't drain a whole human. It's just that too much blood was lost to the point where he couldn't keep consciousness and soon would die of blood loss.


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What's the purpose of "torture dance" in Golden Wind?
I've been following JoJo's Bizarre Adventure anime this season, it has 39 episodes total. It's currently on episode 11 (as of December 14, 2018).
I am confused with the dance that Narancia did with Fugo and Mista, while torturing Zucchero's head that got separated from his own body but was still alive, thanks to Bucciarati's Stand: Sticky Fingers.
What's the purpose of that dance and music towards Zucchero? When I listened to the music, it sounds like it's not a Japanese song, I didn't know what language they used. Does the dance have references from some sort of real life dance? Or is it just an original dance? Here is the scene when Zucchero gets tortured.

I could be wrong but i guess it was more of a celebration dance, remember that Narancia was always playing music from his stereo during the trip, thats like his thing

The purpose of the torture dance was a weird thing revolving around something special.

If you look at the art that comes in the dance, it indicates Narancia's, Mista's, and Fugo's stands tormenting Mario Zucchero.

Narancia Ghirga-Aerosmith
The art in the cut-scene indicates Aerosmith's bullets shooting towards him

Mista Guido-Sex Pistols
The art represents a cross-hair on the eye which indicates Mista's accuracy with his stand

Pannacotta  Fugo-Purple Haze
The art seems to indicate Purple Haze's burning poison ability as he is burning Mario Zucchero

Coming back to this after a year, I think the commenter meant the movements themselves, and not the background clips that flash in between the movements.

Possibly due to Araki's weird behavior in making stuff, he made the Torture Dance.
Most of the moves mimic Michael Jackson's dance moves, so it might be that.
Michael Jackson was alive in 1995 (the year Golden Wind came out), and Smooth Criminal was made before Golden Wind, so it could be inspired off MJ's style of dancing.


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Does Reiner suffer from split personality or DID?
I noticed that during two situations he behaved in an unusual way, which might mean he suffers from split personality.
I noticed this in the following scenes:

When Reiner and Bertholdt kidnap Eren, they sit on a tall tree in the forest with Ymir.
Also when Reiner asks Annie to take the ODM gear from Marco, then cries when he gets devoured by a titan

In a sense, yes.

Reiner's psychological issues resemble those of dissociative identity disorder, in which a person's identity is fragmented into two or more distinct personality states, producing behavior changes and lapses in memory

Reiner's DID type personally started shortly after the untimely death of his old comrade. Reiner began taking on some of their personality and entwining it with his own over time.

 Following Marcel's death, Reiner began incorporating elements from his personality into his own. He became more decisive and assertive, even willing to threaten Annie and Bertolt to ensure they followed his orders, yet also deeply caring and genuinely desiring to protect them
 [...]
 By the time he joined the 104th Training Corps, Reiner had completely incorporated Marcel's personality into his own

Source

I dont won't to go into too much detail to avoid spoilers :)
but he has the symptoms of split personality, also split personality is often a result of childhood trauma.
Also there's a quote from MedicalTrialToday:

"he condition represents someone who struggles to integrate and
assimilate certain aspects of their own identity, which become
disjointed over time."

Also about the Symptoms fromsame article:

Symptoms include:

Experiencing two or more separate personalities, each with their own self-identity and perceptions.
A notable change in a person’s sense of self.
Frequent gaps in memory and personal history, which are not due to normal forgetfulness, including loss of memories, and forgetting
everyday events.

This perfectly captures Reiner's behaviour. He acts almost like he has 2 separate collection of memories - sometimes he acts like a regular Scout who doesn't remember himself having a mission to capture Eren.
The only factor against the split personality is the fact that Reiner can access all his memories like both of his personalities become one again.
Also, if you're not familiar with manga or season 4, here's a very minor SPOILER:
SPOILER:

 Reiner also suffers later from depression and has suicidal attempt (he puts gun into his mouth), which is something that some of patients with DID suffers from too). -

2nd SPOILER:

 There's also other explanation for his split personality - titan shifters can have memories and personality trades of shifters that had the same titan power before them. But i dont believe it's the case for reiner. END OF SPOILER

Source: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/split-personality#risk-factors


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What happened to kiheitai after war?
In Gintama, did they explain anything about after war life of Takasugi?.
I was curious to know about that, after knowing the after-war life of Sakamoto and Katsura and of course Gintoki. But they didn't explain much about how Takasugi lived his life after the war and how Bansai and Makato joined Kiheitai.
In "Silver Soul" Arc, they did explain how they met which seems just after the war. But still, they didn't explain some like how Takechi is feminist and not lolicon and when did Bansai and Otsu meet (after the war).
Or did I miss this?

Have you completed the Silver Soul Arc?

@PJTheMADAO I have completed Silver Arc (After this post, sorry for posting before that I didn't expect them really explain). It did answer some parts. but still, it didn't answer some like why takechi became feminist and how bansai and otsu met.

I have to assume you're asking only about Takasugi (based on the title), but the addition on the question body about Takechi, Bansai, and Otsu could make this question not focused due to multiple questions. Could you clarify the question?

specifically kheitai but mainly takasugi.