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Why does Asuka caress Shinji in End of Evangelion?
As for the reason why Shinji choked Asuka, I stick with the translation of "Kimochi warui" card from Eva card game, but I'm willing to accept other theories,

Shinji renounced the world where all hearts had melted into one and accepted each other unconditionally. His desire... to live with 'others' -- other hearts that would sometimes reject him, even deny him. That is why the first thing he did after coming to his senses was to place his hands around Asuka's neck. To feel the existence of an 'other'. To confirm (make sure of) rejection and denial.

But I have no clear explanation of why did Asuka caress Shinji when he is strangling her.

This is an interesting question, but probably a bit too opinion-based since that movie was so hard to interpret. Thematically, though, if we take the interpretation that Shinji choking Asuka was his way of confirming that rejection and denial still exist, Asuka stroking Shinji should probably mean that acceptance also still exists, even when all the hearts are separated. Shinji refused to get close to anyone because he feared rejection; Asuka constantly rejected everyone. Shinji had to learn to stop fearing rejection, and Asuka had to learn to stop rejecting everyone out of hand.

Also, this scene echoes an earlier one during Instrumentality when Shinji chokes Asuka while arguing with her about whose fault it is that they were never able to get closer. Asuka caressing Shinji could also be interpreted as her admitting her own fault, and pledging to try harder to correct her own flaws.

So, so many possible reasons. I refer to movies like End of Evangelion and Madoka: Rebellion as "make your own ending kits"; due to their constant use of symbolism and ambiguous dialogue, combined with a pathological aversion to explaining themselves, you can basically interpret them to mean whatever you want them to. If I may be allowed a bit of shameless self-promotion, I recently wrote a blog post doing just that. I didn't specifically analyze why Asuka caressed Shinji, but going by the interpretation I adopted in my post, along with the mentioned card game translation, there are a few valid reasons why she did that.
This scene echoes one earlier in the movie, during Instrumentality, when Shinji and Asuka are arguing with each other about whose fault it is that they never managed to get close. I summarized the scene on my blog:

[Shinji] zeros in on Asuka in particular, isolating her in a dream version of Misato’s kitchen and fighting with her as Pen-Pen looks on, responding to her accusations that he didn’t know her at all that he couldn’t possibly know her, because she never talks about herself, and how unreasonable it is for her to expect him to know her when she won’t tell him anything. Rei appears and asks if he ever tried, and Shinji responds that he did, but couldn’t. Asuka asks how she could like someone who doesn’t even love himself. Shinji responds that maybe he could learn to love himself if she tried being nice to him, gets angry and smashes a chair, then wraps his hands around her neck and strangles her.

Shinji, who has spent a large part of the series being passive and self-loathing, finally gets angry and blames Asuka (and by proxy the other people in his life) for his inability to get close to others. Asuka and Rei respond, with some justification, that Shinji also has to take some blame; he avoids getting close to anyone because he fears being rejected and abandoned by them, as he was by his father.
In the end, Shinji manages to get over his fear of rejection and chooses to reverse Instrumentality and go back to the world where people are separate and can choose to reject or abandon each other. The card translation says that Shinji started to strangle Asuka because he wanted to confirm that rejection and denial exist once more. By going back to a world where rejection and denial exist, Shinji has admitted that he feared them, and faced that fear. He has confessed that Asuka's and Rei's accusations in the earlier scene were true, that he locked people out too tightly because he feared abandonment.
As Shinji strangles Asuka, she reaches up and caresses him, countering that although rejection and denial exist again, acceptance also exists again—people have the choice to accept others into their hearts, just as they have the choice to deny others. And with this, Asuka confesses that Shinji's accusations in the earlier scene were true: Asuka resisted, at every level, accepting Shinji (and by proxy, everyone) into her heart, by yelling at him, demeaning him, and violently rejecting the rudimentary efforts he did make to get closer to her. But now that Shinji's managed to stop fearing rejection from everyone, Asuka's learned to stop rejecting everyone. Shinji knows he can't passively wait for someone to accept him; Asuka knows that she can't keep rejecting everyone.
Realizing that Asuka intends to stop rejecting him, Shinji breaks down in tears. Asuka responds "Kimochi warui"; to accept someone feels weird, foreign, and disgusting to her, because she's always resisted it. At various points in the series, Shinji and Asuka almost manage to get closer—in Episode 15, Asuka compliments Shinji on his cello playing and then forces him to kiss her, but then violently rejects him by feigning disgust and running to the bathroom to wash her mouth out. Shinji doesn't realize that Asuka was sincerely trying to get closer to him, or he realizes it, but won't follow up because he's afraid of being rejected. In Episode 22, after seeing her talk on the phone with her stepmother, Shinji tries to have a real conversation with Asuka about family, but Asuka is all pissed off because Shinij surpassed her sync ratio. In the final scene of End of Evangelion, they both realize their own culpability in the situation and decide to start trying to become people who are able to accept one another.

I would dare to add a quote from IDMB about "Kimochi warui" phrase:
Yuko Miyamura, mentioned that Asuka's line was her idea. The original line was "An'ta nanka ni korosareru no wa mappira yo!" ("I'd hate to be killed by a bastard like you!"), but Miyamura, Megumi Ogata and director Hideaki Anno were at a loss over how the line should have been delivered. Finally, Anno told Miyamura to imagine a stranger masturbating over her while she was sleeping; he also asked her what she would think or say upon waking and realizing what had happened. Miyamura's reply: "Kimochi warui" ("I feel disgusting")

I rewatched the series after 19 years and just saw End of Evangelion for the first time.
My theory is that Shinji is actually attempting to do something for Asuka instead of reacting in a way to avoid conflict and pain. The first time he chokes her, she goes limp and the scene ends. But we can see in many scenes that Asuka's mother choked the doll she was pretending to be Asuka, asking her (the doll) to die together. Asuka is tormented by the fact that her mother rejected her so Shinji choking her is a reenactment for Asuka's sake, which was hinted that that's what she subconsciously desired from the first time it happened.
It doesn't mean that she really wants to be choked to death, it's just a deep-seeded irrational desire she had that her mother had choked her instead of the doll, because at least her mother would be paying attention to her.
That's pretty messed up, but it's a very good illustration of the irrational desires people harbor due to insecurities embedded from different developmental stages in their lives.

I like all that analogy on Torisuda's answer, but there seems to be missing a piece of information.
While during the instrumentality, all beings become one no matter how brief it is. All of them experienced what it was like to be one entity and because of that oneness, everyone experienced the flaw that comes with being wholesome being. Since everyone became one, there were no secrets to be hidden.
The reason why Asuka said "disgusting" because while they were one, she found out and knew what he did to her unconscious body. Because of that, the first thing she said when she saw him was "disgusting".

Welcome to Anime & Manga Stack Exchange. It's interesting to know this, but I'm afraid this doesn't answer the question of why Asuka caress Shinji. Compared to traditional forums, Stack Exchange is a pure Q&A site, not a discussion site. An answer should be answering the question, not to reply to other posts (question or answers), which might make this answer "not an answer" and deleted. Consider taking a quick [tour] to understand how this site works. Thanks!


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Did Kishimoto kill Itachi because he was too strong to fight in the Fourth Great Ninja War?
I have seen many sites stating Kishimoto has said that if Itachi was alive during the Fourth Great Ninja War he would've easily defeated Madara and that is the reason why Kishimoto had him killed.
Can anyone point me to some sources for these comments?

You should probably include a few links to the sites in which you found those statements.

@JNat is correct. I've skimmed this http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Thread:164031 but no real correlation with your statement.

http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Thread:163551    http://www.thetoptens.com/powerful-naruto-characters/uchiha-itachi-130993.asp  here are some links

I need sources and links to believe that Itachi can kill a man that destroyed an army, awakened the rinnegan (which is stronger than the sharingan [chapter 373 pg 2]), awakened the Eternal Mangekyo Sharingan, summoned meteors from space, wrecked the 5 kage with ease. Shall I continue? There's no way Itachi is stronger then the famed Madara.

I don't think that's true. While Itachi is powerful, he is no match for Madara Uchiha, who defeated the 5 kages himself. While Itachi's Susanoo contains the Totsuka blade and a nearly invincible shield, Madara has the perfect Susanoo, which makes it a league of its own.
Even so, Itachi did appear in the Fourth Shinobi War, and while he made Kabuto un-reanimate all the Edo Tenseis (including Itachi himself), Edo Tensei Madara was not stopped.

Itachi (though very sick) lost to sasuke as well. Even if he had lived, he would have only gotten weaker by the time of the war. The rumor is more sourced from the rumor that Itachi would have eventually become as strong as if not stronger than Madara due to how powerful he was while he was so young. He was an Anbu Capitain at 13, So he was a Top level jonin at the same age as Sasuke and Naruto were graduating from the acadamy.

He didn't lose to Sasuke, he planned it already and he has no intentions of killing Sasuke.

There is also the fact that the whole of Akatsuki didn't attack Konoha only because of Itachi. So i think we can assume that he was given that weird disease just to make sure that Itachi doesn't become the hero instead of Naruto

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Does Naruto and everyone else know the truth about Itachi?
I know that Sasuke, Tobi, Madara, The 3rd Hokage and his 3 old advisers including Danzou know the truth about Itachi, as to why he murdered his own clan barring Sasuke.
Who else knows about this secret? Is it ever fully revealed publicly, and is Itachi ever stated as the true hero of Konoha?

Naruto, Kakashi, and Yamato were told all at the same time by Tobi before the 5 Kage Summit.
Furthermore, Naruto had a very strong inference to go on when he fought the zombie-like Itachi and Pain in the 4th Great Shinobi War.
But the only person who knows of every single full detail is Sasuke as Itachi shared everything with Sasuke when they defeated Kabuto in the 4th Great Shinobi War arc.

to add to what you said. I think sasuke told the full story about Itachi when he met the dead hokages along with Orochimaru. This was during the time when sasuke was going to choose sides based on hashirama's explanation of shinobi.

@Bej Sasuke didn't cover "everything" he only asked about the parts that he believed Itachi may have lied to him about. And got more clarity on what it means to be a part of a village. At least that's what happened in the anime. in the manga I'm not sure.

That means, the answer to my question is that no one knows about Itachi other than these few people. That's soo unfair. ;-(. I was hoping that it'll get disclosed and everyone would appreciate Itachi for his sacrifice.

Unfair yes, but if it did get disclosed to everyone, then his character as the martyr of the leaf would be totally ruined. Compare it to how Lelouch went about his goal in Code Geass for instance. They are very similar in context.

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What is the symbol on Gaara's gourd?
Gaara has a symbol that reads "WMW" on his Sand gourd. What does this symbol mean? Is it kanji or just some random symbol?

I don't think that says "WMW"... it just looks like some sort of design/pattern (for aesthetic purposes). At any rate, it isn't anything Japanese.

From the Naruto wiki site:

Gaara carries around this giant calabash-shaped gourd covered in designs and filled with his chakra-infused sand which he can freely manipulate.

It's just a design on the gourd and doesn't hold any particular meaning.

there is likely no meaning to the presence of the symbol aside from looks but it is one japanese "letter" from Katakana written system, not Kanji. It is ヨ . which is pronounced yo

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What music plays at 4:50 of FMA Brotherhood episode 61?
I listened all the soundtracks and could not find it. What music is this?
(I don't mean Sid-Rain. I mean the music before Rain plays)

The song is "The Intrepid". Here's a YouTube video.
It is the 7th track of the Fullmetal Alchemist Brotherhood Original Soundtrack 3.


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What does the phrase "Rokkon Shojo" mean?
In one of the most popular anime of this season, Koutetsujou no Kabaneri,  before, in the middle or after a battle, the human combatants yell "Rokkon Shojo" or  the Princess says it after a battle.
I researched a bit and apparently it means “purification of the six roots of perception” (which is quite ambiguous) .
My questions are:

It has any other meaning other than the one stated above?
What is its purpose and why is it used in a  situation which involves fighting?

Rock on, Shoujo!

Rokkon shojo does indeed mean purification of the six roots of perception. By my current knowledge there is no other meaning to it.
The usage however that is most known to people is during mountain climbing, or as haikugirl.me phrases it

‘rokkon shojo’ is a common expression often repeated while climbing a mountain, especially Mount Fuji. ‘Rokkon’ (六根) means ‘six senses’ (i.e. seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching and conciousness). ‘Shojo’ (清浄) means ‘purification’. So, the phrase refers to purifying your heart of all the bad stuff (desire, anger, fear, depression, etc.) that comes from what we take in via the six senses.

However this would not make a lot of sense in koutetsujou-no-kabaneri. The way ja.wikipedia describes it.

そのため執着を断ち、心を清らかな状態にすることを言う。そのため不浄なものを見ない、聞かない、嗅がない、味わわない、触れない、感じないために俗世との接触を絶つことが行なわれた（山ごもりなど）。

This is a phrase as referred to in Buddhism. Which would roughly translate to something like

Cut of your obsessions, refer to your heart in a pure state. Do not see what is unclean, do not ask, smell, taste or touch. Cut off your contact with the world in order not to feel.

This does fit the series a bit better. By killing of your emotions, it will make it easier to kill. This is something used in the modern day military as wel.
It also fits into the series given that

 a monster cannot be defeated unless its heart, which is protected by a layer of iron, is pierced.

making refer to your heart in a pure state which I believe can also be interpreted as cutting of ones heart (please correct me if I am wrong) a fair pun of sorts.

a Chinese here. We have the same phrase in Chinese, however, I am not entirely sure if it means the exact same thing.
六根, refers to the five senses and your consciousness (soul).
清净 refers to a state of being clean and not polluted.
It is a Buddhism concept referring to to a state of personal purity. It means that you are no longer bound by worldly desires and are free of it. It is usually used to describe someone's state of mind, an noun.
The usage here is a little strange to me (they seem to shout it like a battlecry which is obviously not what the phrase is intended as). It is akin to any of us yelling "inner peace" before charging into battle. I can only understand it as a state these people want to achieve after death, dying pure and not be polluted by the kabane virus and turned.


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Is Honey Senpai a Shota?
If so, then what would be the opposite of Honey Senpai's character? Like between the ages of 40 years an up?
I read it one time when I was looking at Japanese Shoujo Manga, but I do remember encountering it on the site Manga Here.

I am assuming you are referring to Mitsukuni "Honey" Haninozuka from Ouran High Host Club in which case Renge indicated he is the Boy Lolita or Shota archtype a couple of times

お爺さん or 叔父さん？

Miryoku-tekina toshiue no otoko?

An attractive older man?

Since you mentioned between the ages of 40 years an up and were asking for a term that represents the opposite of Honey Senpai's (Shota) character...

Then that would have to be an Older Man = Oji-san (uncle) or Ojiisan (old man).

It can also be used as a slightly impolite way to address a middle aged man.

If you have your doubts of such a genre existing, note that not all women prefer Shotas or Bishonens.

There is such a thing as an "Ojisan Paradise."

this question doesn't really answer the question, all it does is take a phrase and runs it through google translate. it would be good if you can back up your answer with some facts whether this term is actually used within the fandom/culture

There's your proof of the term actually being used within the fandom/culture of the anime world.

(づ￣ ³￣)づ ARIGATO!

"魅力的な年上の男", while valid Japanese, is not a common collocation by any means, with only 8 hits on Google and 0 results in BCCWJ Shonagon. This answer is remarkably unconvincing, so I have downvoted it.

You are entitled to your opinion, but the fact of the matter is that the person asking it was satisfied enough with my answer to award it the best out of the two. She even said thank you, honestly you really shouldn't be making these things about yourself since the site was made specifically to answer questions any users may have regarding Anime. She was asking what the opposite term of a Shota was, and I gave her Ojisan/Oji-san as an answer. (  ^ u ^)/


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Are Yusuke and Jin half brothers?
I recently finished watching Yu Yu Hakusho and in that there was a fight between Jin and one of Yusuke's fathers friends, where the opponent said that "I had a chance to fight with your father the thunder god!" and then goes to a flashback where they show him fighting with a guy looking just like his father
I then did some searching around in the internet and when I search for "Thunder god Yu Yu Hakusho" I still get Yusuke's dad, so is Raizen the thunder god? then does that mean Yusuke and Jin are half brothers??? can anyone help me get clarity on this? thanks in advance!

Raizen is actually Yusuke's distant ancestor. They just call him his father for convenience.

I think I found the episode you were talking about: Episode 107: The Demon World Tournament Begins. The episode includes the battle between Jin and Soketsu, one of Raizen's old friends. According to the subtitles on Funimation's site, Soketsu never mentions Jin's father. There is a flashback to a fight between Raizen and Soketsu, however. Soketsu mentions that Jin is tenacious just like he was when he fought Raizen. Jin and Soketsu go on to say they both want to fight the son of Raizen (Yusuke).  This wiki page mentions that Soketsu erroneously calls Jin the son of Raizen in a variant of the English dub: http://yuyuhakusho.wikia.com/wiki/Souketsu.
So, Jin is not really the son of Raizen. This is just an error in translation. Even if he was, he wouldn't be Yusuke's brother (or half-brother). Yusuke and other characters call Raizen Yusuke's father, but he actually isn't. Raizen is Yusuke's ancestor, not his father.
Conclusion: Jin and Yusuke are not brothers

Hey thanks a lot, can finally get this thought out of mind. Would have been interesting if it were true though :D, thanks again


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Why doesn't Kaisei want to be seen by Yasaburou?
Kaisei is Souun's daughter, she is Yasaburou's cousin and ex-fiancée. But why doesn't she want Yasaburou to see her?

She probably likes him and is very shy about it.

@Hakase are you the same hakase that posted here?

@Mindwin I suppose that's one of the hundreds of sites that copypastes everything from stackexchange, so I guess

Possibly because she's ashamed that she's an Ebisugawa? wikipedia seems to imply she already knew of her father's plans to get rid of Souichirō and unlike the rest of the Ebisugawa who seem to harass the Shimogamo she seems to be very friendly with them even looking after Mother Shimogamo during a storm and breaking Yashirō out of the warehouse yet her father gave a death sentence to her uncle (and given how much Mother Shimogamo liked her we might assume Souichirō was the same to her)

The answer was finally revealed in the follow-up "The Eccentric Family 2."
The earlier series had established that some tanuki have stimuli that undo their transformations -- Yasaburo's mother, for example, loses her ability to hold on to her transformation when she sees or hears lightning, and she reverts to tanuki form.
The reason Kaisei hides herself from Yasaburo is that she is the stimulus that makes him lose control of his transformation.  If he sees her, he reverts to tanuki state.
It's never explained (at least, not in the anime) how Kaisei knows this, when Yasaburo doesn't.  However, it's implied that she's known this all along, and secretly regarded their engagement as ultimately impossible because of it.

i guess that means most Tanuki's stimulus is Benten considering what happened at the end of season 1

Kaisei knows this from an earlier experience, perhaps when they were both much younger. That's how I understood their exchange. In addition to being very shy in the company of each other it makes sense.


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Does Kurama see every intimate moment in Naruto's life?
I mean Kurama is in Naruto so wouldn't it be pretty awkward for the former to be present in all of the latter's intimate moments, be them romantic or physiological in nature?

Yes Kurama knows and sees the same things as Naruto so this is included. As he is an old being he has probably seen his own fair share of naked ones and those making love, meaning this is something normal to do for human beings in his eyes.
It being awkward? No I don't think so. For Naruto they have been together since his birth 24/7. They can be considered as one essentially (of course they aren't, but having one without the other would make both someone different). Because Kurama knows the ins and outs of Naruto it is something that isn't awkward for him. For Naruto it would be weird to discus it with Kurama, but not awkward as he is aware that Kurama knows and sees all that he does to since his entire life.
Going by Kurama's personality I don't think he even cares enough to consider these moments awkward.


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Can a Uchiha get their sharingan back from an implant?
If a sharingan user/Uchiha gave someone their sharingan, would they be able to take it back and put it in their eye socket?

Kakashi and Danzo got their Sharingan via transplantation while the fourth great ninja war was ongoing, then Madara removed Obito's Sharingan from Kakashi's left eye and was able to implant it into his and utilize it.


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Why didn't Rem tell L's name to Light or Misa?
In Death Note Rem liked Misa so much, or maybe he was in love with her. He wrote L's name in the Death Note and killed L because he was protecting Misa and he knew he will die soon after doing so.
But I just wonder: why didn't he instead tell L's real name to Light Yagami or Misa, so they could write L's name in their Death Note and kill him themselves?

Just a minor correction. Rem is female. She is often mistaken as male, especially by people who have watched the English dubbed version. So the pronouns you should be using are she/her.

One of the Shinigami rules (shown during scene breaks and not the actual story) says:

The Shinigami must not tell humans the names or life spans of individuals he sees. This is to avoid confusion in the human world.

Another rule states:

If a Shinigami decides to use a Death Note to end the life of the killer of an individual it favors, that individual's life will be extended but the Shinigami will die.

While there is no specific consequence stated for breaking the first rule, one might also assume that it would result in similar punishment. In the end Rem probably decided to write the name herself due to the urgency of the situation. (And for dramatic purpose.)

To add, Rem wanted to protect Misa. Giving up her life would mean that she would not be able to protect Misa. From what I could remember from the manga, she never really fully trusted Light and was only tricked to doing his bidding.

Although there is a rule for a Shinigami not to tell a human name, it is not clear what would have happened if she did break the rule. Is it just a recommendation or is it punished by death? It seems difficult to believe that the punishment would be death as it does happen to say a name they have seen when they chat, either because the human already knows the name or because it sounds like a common word.
Though she didn't have to tell L's name as it seems quite feasible to arrange that Misa would see L's face and use her own eyes.


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How did Heathcliff manipulate Kirito and Asuna back to the battlefield?
Did Heathcliff use Yui (which was possible because he was Kayaba after all) or did he rely entirely on asking them for help with the final boss raid?
In episode 1x11, Asuna and Kirito ask for a leave of absence from the Knights of the Blood Oath. Surprisingly Heathcliff agrees. He then says, "I'm positive you won't stay away from the battlefield for long." This clearly foreshadows he'll manipulate them into coming back.
How did he do so?

Yui only appeared during a sidestory in the second light novel so we can say that she didn't play a role in their decision.
Basically Heathcliff knew that Kirito and Asuna felt a responsibility for clearing the game seeing how they were some of the strongest players.

Asuna then suddenly removed her smile and muttered:
  “Up until now, I had only fought on the upper floors. I had
  completely forgotten that there were people who lived normal lives…”
  “I don’t mean that we’re special; but since we’re on a high enough
  level to fight on the front lines, I suppose it also means that we have an
  obligation to them.”
  “…I had never thought about it like that… I always felt that
  becoming stronger was just a way to survive.”
  “I think that a lot of people are going to be counting on you from
  now on. Of course, that includes me.”
  “…except with my personality, hearing these kind of expectations
  only makes me want to run away.”
  “Oh you.”
  As Asuna pouted in dissatisfaction, I stroked her hair and hoped
  for this life to continue for a while longer. For Nishida and the other
  players, we have to return to the front lines at some point. But at least
  for now-
  Based on the messages that Agil and Klein had sent me, I knew
  that they were having a hard time trying to clear the seventy-fifth floor.

He did guilt-trip them a bit with his message:

That night, we received a message from Heathcliff, requesting us
  to take part in fighting the seventy-fifth floor boss.
  ...
  Seeing as we had temporarily left the guild, we could decline the
  request. But the last line of the message, that “some people had already
  died,” laid heavily on our minds.

Both excerpts are from the first light novel Aincrad (translations by Baka-Tsuki).

In the anime, he didn’t really...
They realize that they were responsible for the people of the game. Their bodies, their IRL bodies couldn’t last forever with them in this game. The game needed to beaten, and since Kirito and Asuna were of the strongest people they needed to go back to the front lines...
Honestly it’s possible that heathcliff, Akihiko Kayaba, was manipulating the game and made the enemies stronger in the dungeon so that they would hear about the struggle to clear the level. But that is a guess and not really explained.
It’s possible the manipulation would have come if things were different
Think about this...
He knew how hard this boss fight would be and how many were going to die in the fight. He asked them to help with the fight and if they said they were going to sit this fight out, they would have learned of the deaths and felt guilty for not fighting.


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Do Bang, Bomb and Genos know who killed Elder Centipede?
I'm assuming that the Hero Association thought it was King and not Saitama who killed Elder Centipede, otherwise they would have likely promoted him. But how about Bang, Bomb and Genos who were there? Do they know who killed Elder Centipede or couldn't they tell as Elder Centipede was charging against King and in a flash Saitama killed him?

The credit for defeating Elder Centipede Centichoro probably went to king like how he usually gets it for the monsters defeated by Saitama. But in the matter of Genos, Bang and Bomb knowing who actually defeated Centichoro, Genos knew it was Saitama.
Because as soon as the centipede disintegrated, Genos asked Saitama what is he lacking again?
Genos asked.

"What is it that master (Saitama) has and I don't?".

And Saitama reply.

"Power I guess"

This means that Genos knew Saitama was the one and wanted to know how is he able to defeat these monsters so easily.
As for Bang and Bomb, they are quite exceptional martial artists. Their sense of everything is extraordinary. So I doubt that they didn't realize it was Saitama who finished off the Elder Centipede.
Moreover, Bang already has an idea of Saitama's strength because of the meteor incident and also, from the time Bang and Saitama were competing over some games at the dojo.

On the show Bang, Bomb, and Genos are only standing a short distance away and were all staring at Saitama who was still in a punch pose after destroying Elder C. They would definitely have known Saitama killed it-though no doubt King/Genos/Bang/Bomb would all get more credit for the actual kill with Saitama getting supporting credit.

I mean if you seen the current episode then it should be really clear that it showed Genos shocked again seeing Saitama in the place, so i guess that implicates that he saw him killing the centipede because he also asked saitama what he lacked and
I think Bang must have also known that it could only he Saitama who could have destroyed the monster as he is well aware of his extraordinary powers

I think they all heard King scream for Saitama. Then, when the Elder Centipede is killed, Saitama is standing in a post punch stance and King is cowering on the ground. I doubt Saitama will take full credit. He's known all season King is getting credit for his kills and doesn't do anything to correct it. And, since King is the only one to beat him, even if only in video games, he's not going to blow King's cover. I think he considers King a friend and someone he respects. Genos is going to do as Saitama says. Bang already knew and likely told Bomb. They will respect Saitama's wishes. I think the Hero Association will promote Saitama because he was the only non-S-Class hero left standing, but he won't be moved to the #1 spot.

I think Bang and Genos know that Saitama defeated the monster, because they know the power of Saitama. But as for Bomb, I don't know…
Moreover, I don't think King would even take the credit for defeating Elder Centipede, as it was shown that he felt shame for taking credit from Saitama for defeating several monsters.


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Why did Marley send titans to Paradis Island in the first place?
We see later in the series that the nation of Marley have been turning people into titans and dumping them on the shore of Paradis. But why? King Fritz warned the world that if the citizens of the wall were ever threatened by an outside force he would send the colossus titans inside the walls to flatten the Earth. So why send titans? I assume its a kind of revenge for the great titan war, but why risk the wrath of the king?

Actually the king didn't intend to use the rumbling, Tyler  told this in the episode "Declaration of War" episode 4 of final season. So there wasn't this problem, they wanted the founding titan since the technological powers were growing, and hence the chances of losing to enemy countries. This was the reason they told too. Though it's not directly stated, but to me it may imply that they themselves intended to use the founding titans powers to create more controlled titans (Zeke's ability is limited) and threaten the neighbouring countries. Either way Marley has used titans this way only.

To get the Founding Titan. I believe this was already explained in the manga and in the anime clearly.

Is it not just a convenient way to get rid of troublesome Eldians without executing them. Titanize, no need to worry about anything after. They can't turn back/cause more trouble. The pure titans never threatened Paradis - they had walls and the king has the power to control. That's how I interpret it.

High-ranking people in Marley nation such as the Tybur family probably knew about the king's lie. As Willy Tybur admitted knowing this in the episode "Declaration of War" episode 4 of the final season.

Also, the beast titan (the predecessor of Zeke) knew about the oath. I don't remember the manga chapter.

However (perhaps) hiding this secret was used as a tactical strategy to motivate people to attack the island (not everyone is going to buy that " one gazillions years ago their ancestor killed your ancestor so turn them into zombies and lock them behind bars").
So because high-rank people knew about the bluff and hated Eldians for their "sins" and they wanted their resources and the founding titan, they keep harassing the island while used that bluff to motivate people against them at the same time.


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Why did Muzan turn into a woman?
I know that Muzan is a shapeshifter, and can change his biology and and appearance at will, but why did he specifically choose to turn into a woman? What was the reason for that?

if i'm not mistaken, the reason why muzan shape-shift is to hide his real identity or his face from the demon slayers. I think this is also the reason why the pillars were shocked when oyakata-sama revealed that tanjiro had a brief encounter with muzan.

On a serious note, while not directly mentioned in the manga, I imagine the reason Muzan appears as a woman is that it was the form he was using for research purposes. Later in the series we see him take a different form to gain access to research information; the woman persona is likely one that could grant access to different places/ resources/persons. Shifting forms likely wasn't worth the energy or time when addressing the Lower Moons :/

muzan turned into a woman probably to trick the lower moons, he also changed his presence but in that time if a woman had pale skin (like muzan) it was considered beautiful. So I think thats why he became a woman


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Why did humans and birds turn into stone but other animals didn't?
In the first episode of the anime, humans and birds are shown to have turned into stone. But dogs, fawns, etc. didn't.
Why did humans and birds turn into stone but other animals didn't?

It seems whatever happened was aimed at humans, just like how they show that once it was aimed at only birds, and not humans.
It is probably going to be revealed.


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What happens if two persons eat a titan to inherit its power?
What happens if two persons share spinal fluid from the same Titan?

I would assume that the first one inherits the power and the 2nd just becomes a normal titan.

If you eat all the spinal fluid of a titan then you get that titan's power. If you eat only some, then do you still get the power?

This scenario has happened in the past and has created additional titan shifters, although the mechanics of this process are not explained in detail and it is questionable whether it could be done again.
~2000 years ago, there were no titans, just normal humans, then Ymir Fritz comes into contact with a worm-like thingy and becomes the first (and at that point) only titan. Upon her death, her husband, King Fritz feeds her remains to their 3 daughters hoping that this will pass Ymir's titan powers on to each of them (which works since titans continued to exist). He then decrees (Ch 122),

My daughters. Give birth and multiply. The blood of Ymir must not perish. If you die, my daughters, have my grandchildren eat your spines. If my grandchildren die, pass their spines from child to child.

While the history gets foggy from here on, the end results of this decree are known.

The descendants of Ymir Fritz become the Eldian people / Children of Ymir whom are distinct from "normal people" due to their quirk of becoming pure titans (mindless titans without the ability to return to human form) when exposed to the spinal fluid of other pure titans or the scream of the Founding Titan

Ymir's ability to "titan shift" (swap between human and titan form at will) was splintered from being her's alone to becoming the 9 titans which necessarily means more than one person can inherit a single titan shifter's powers (otherwise there wouldn't be 9 sets of titan shifter powers, although it is not known if this splitting process is as simple as having multiple people consume a titan shifter)

Titan shifter powers are transferred when a pure titan consumes the spinal fluid of the existing titan shifter (many points of uncertainty, does the titan shifter need to be alive? Ymir had already died when King Fritz had his daughters eat her and his decree implied consuming corpses. Does the inheritor need to be a pure titan? Ymir's daughters were necessarily still human when they consumed Ymir's corpse. Is consuming part of a titan shifter's spine good enough? None of the onscreen power transfers ever show an attempt at "sharing is caring")

Some additional thoughts:

The 9 titans have been more-or-less a thing for almost as long as the titans themselves as noted in Marley's history books (Ch 86) which does imply after the original 9 came into being, no new titan shifter powers were created or destroyed for ~2000 years

The 9 titans can be reduced in number, the series begins with only 8 sets of titan shifter powers as Grisha Yeager had consumed Frieda Reiss merging the Attack Titan and Founder Titan together, this number is further reduced when Eren Yeager consumes Lara Tybur's Warhammer Titan

Despite the 9 titans being in the hands of powerful noble families who were in a constant state of in-fighting for much of history, and then the Marleyians who used their titan shifters as weapons it seems none of them ever gained additional titan shifters by trying to split their titan shifters' powers among multiple inheritors. The reason is never stated, it can be hypothesized that it was never attempted or it was attempted and didn't work, whether because the entire spine is required for the power to pass on, trying to get a pure titan to eat half a living person's spine is somewhat difficult, etc. What allowed for the initial creation of the 9 titans from Ymir alone is still unclear.

In conclusion, multiple people inheriting titan shifter powers from a single person definitely happened at some point, somehow which may or may not work anymore. In the present, it cannot be definitively said what would happen but we kinda need to believe one of two theories, no one has tried it, or, it has been tried before and is known not to work.


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"Upside-down" map in Cowboy Bebop
In session 18 (Speak Like A Child), a map of Japan, and the surrounding area, is shown on screen around the 10m40s mark. The orientation of the map is "upside-down" but the words are not flipped, indicating this was an intentional choice.
Is there any significance to the orientation of the map? Perhaps, in Japan, South-up map orientation is more common than in the west? Or was there a geomagnetic reversal in the Bebop universe? Or maybe the words on the map were also upside-down originally and it was flipped when it was localized for US audiences? Or am I just reading too much into it?

Welcome to Anime & Manga! FWIW, this is the same scene in the Japanese broadcast, so perhaps anything regarding localization might be disregarded. There's a possibility that it's to imply that it is a fictional map/universe, like the upside-down world map in Attack on Titan.

There is no right side up in space tho

@кяαzєя Can you cite a scene in the show where that kind of sentiment is expressed? Or one of the authors, directors, or animators expressing something to that effect?

You have to think about it this way, in space, which direction is up?


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Why do 70s anime use hatching so much?
Despite 2D animation being sequential still drawings and being a drawn medium such as illustration and comics, it uses the fundamentals of drawing such as line, form, and shape. It also uses drawing techniques like shading, perspective, and foreshortening, and line weight such as thin and thick lines. Hatching has been used in various art forms since, but why do 70s anime use hatching so much? Is there a reason behind it?

Just like "pixar" doesn't justify the fact they have 50+ technical animators that look for a better way to make "water" animation (even though they've always been animating water), the method to be used is meant for "artistic exploration".
I believe the 70's wanted a similar treatment in Manga and TV, hence it was possible they were "artistically exploring" the breakthroughs in that era.

It's artistic exploration, alright, it's even used in the 80s, 90s and even in today's anime.

Hmmmm.... maybe because it's just the Japanese artists' style.
In Japan, it's called "Kakeami".

In manga, kakeami カケアミ is a cross-hatching pattern used to shade objects and backgrounds using lines that form "webs," "nets," ami 網, which are "thrown over" each other, kake 掛け.

Resource:
https://www.japanesewithanime.com/2020/03/kakeami.html?m=1

Hatching, you either love it or hate it as an artist. For some people, it can serve as a soothing doodle technique or become their secret weapon to a beautiful comic or manga page. What exactly is hatching?

Hatching is a drawing technique using lines or linear strokes to create value and texture throughout an image. They don't always have to be straight lines, and they don't always have to be neat and consistent either. There are multiple types of hatching, each providing their own texture that you can add. In comics and manga, it is used both as a shading technique and a texturing one. It's really very versatile!

Resource:
https://globalcomix.com/news/details/277/creator-tips-and-tricks-12-hatching-and-cross-hatching
If this doesn't answer your question, then I'm sorry. I'm only just trying to help.

In 70s, 80s and 90s anime, hatching is always, usually the regular hatching.


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How did Ataru Mizorogi not realize what his students were doing?
How did the Class Black's sensei, Ataru Mizorogi, not catch on to what everyone was up to? I mean, there was a pattern to when everyone left. Hitsugi and Chitaru killed each other, students began to leave at random times, and there were fights in the hallway!  And when he reads off attendance, there are missing kids, so how does he not realize this? I mean, how blind is this dude? Also, in the Special, did he not hear what Nio was saying, not find a weapon on the island, and why was he there? I guess I am just wondering why the show made him so blind.


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How does Zoro's sword technique work?
A lot of times, Zoro uses his swords to cut down far away objects without any physical contact. How does that work?

I'm not a big one piece fan, but in anime in general that usually happens by the shockwaves travelling through the air rapidly, causing anything in a wide arc and range to be sliced. Obviously, it'd take no less than Son Goku's strength to pull it off, so not very realistic.

That would be similar to Temari's jutsus using her fan

@ChetterHummin: Not exactly. Temari uses wind element chakra, which creates long and thin lines of high speed vibration. That acts like a chainsaw which cuts through any object.

I can't find screenshots but whenever you see blue things travelling from Zoro's swords, those are shockwaves that can cut anything, even buildings.
That's what he does, he sends a sort of shockwave. We obviously know that a human can't pull a sword (or another object) to create such a strong shockwave.
But if you think about it, if you move a wooden stick but towards the ground (as when you hit the ball in golf), you'll cause the air to move following that movement (adding various turbulences) that will affect whatever small is on the ground (e.g. sand).
Zoro's attacks are something similar to that but only much stronger. It's not realistic, but then, almost nothing on One Piece is realistic.

To use a videogame example, the logic behind Zoro's slashes is the same logic behind Guile's Sonic Booms.

I believe the description you're looking for that Zoro's techniques not only cut but also launch projectiles of compressed air.

@Krazer Yeah there's also that one! :D

But when he faught Brook's zomby, the blue something you stated as shokwafes set his enemy on (likewise blue) fire. Isn't that indicating, that it is either some kind of energy/ chi/ chakra or nothing but highly compressed and thus hot air?


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What happened to Muroi in Shiki?
As the series progresses,

Muroi allies with Sunako and her "family". In the final scenes, we see him get on a car with a briefcase containing Sunako.  Did he become one of the "Daywalker" Shiki, or did he just remain a human?

At the end of the series,

 he's bitten by Sunako, then becomes the only surviving day-walker, and then is seen smuggling Sunako away. Presumably, he'll accompany Sunako either in hiding or to find another village to turn into a Shiki village.


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What are the differences between the original and the light novels' story of The World God Only Knows?
In The World God Only Knows, the manga and anime follow pretty much the same story, but I've read that the light novel, written by Mamizu Arisawa is a completely original story.
What are the major differences between the two story lines? Are there different characters?

All I know is, that they have a different story and the characters are a little bit different. Not enough for a complete answer, but that's what I know.

This is mostly from memory, so apologies if there are any errors.
The anime and manga both follow the same story line. The novel is in the same setting as the manga; that is to say, Elsie and Keima are still engaging on their usual activities of making girls fall in love with Keima to capture the Runaway Spirits (駆け魂, Kaketama). However, the targets are all new characters, and the stories are original. A few of the new characters were background characters in the anime, but you wouldn't have noticed them if you were not looking out for them.
The novel also assumes that you are familiar with the characters from the original, as some in-universe concepts aren't explained. There really aren't any major changes in the in-universe mechanics, at least none that were memorable enough for me to notice.
It's reasonable to think of the stories in the light novel as additional non-canon additional arcs of the manga. There may be issues as to where exactly the arcs fit in the story, but that's why it's non-canon.


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Why is Cassano called the "Devil of the Right Arm"?
In the chapter 136, it shows Cassano saying:

Why is Cassano referred to as the "Devil of the Right Arm" and not Horyang?
They both have the same "devil" inside them, but Horyang has it on his right side:

Even though Horyang made a name for himself as the "devil of the right arm", he stopped climbing the tower after reaching the 20th floor (as he explains in chapter 122, page 28). Cassano, who appeared later, rode on Horyang's fame and borrowed his fearsome "title". People mistook Cassano for the real "devil of the right arm"; some people, including Koon's party, are searching for this newly appeared "devil of the right arm".

So, The "real" Devil of the right arm was Horyang, not Cassano. But Cassano "borrowed" his title?!

I don't have an official source for this, but I am inferring from previous chapters that either Cassano knowingly "borrowed" the title or people mistook his abilities (that were similar to Horyang's) and Cassano never bothered to correct them.


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How can one achieve incredible chakra such as that of the Third Raikage or Kisame?
Kisame was known as tailed beast without tails. This is because he had an incredible amount of chakra, so much that Samehada had an affection toward him.
A's father, the Third Raikage, could even combat the Hachibi all alone!
What is the source of such an amount of chakra? Is it hereditary? Or won by practice? Or just by birth?
Might Guy, the Green Beast of Konoha, opened the 8 Gates to surpass Kisame, but doing this takes a risk on his life. So it is certainly not the manipulation of chakra points, since neither the Third Raikage nor Kisame seem to be risking their lives to get such an amount of chakra.

There are times where a genius is born. It doesn't have to be in raw chakra, but in skill, brains, willpower, etc.
Itachi for example is considered a genius, a fast learner, combat analyst and very powerful.
Madara is a genius. Awakening the Mangekyo, having power many shinobi feared.
A's father can also be considered a genius. Steel skin and iron blood, along with the incredible chakra and durability to match that of the Eight Tails.
Kisame is a slightly different case. He's definitely fearsome strong, but his gigantic chakra reservoirs actually came from his sword, Samehade, which has the ability to consume the chakra of the victims it hits.

According to Choujurou (chapter 468, page 10) Kisame has a high level of chakra even without Samehada. However, the combination of him and the sword make an extremely larger amount of chakra available to him. And he also seems to be able to absorb chakra even without Samehada (possibly because he is in direct contact with water), as shown in chapter 506, page 5.

I don't think Sasuke qualifies as a genius.  Itachi, however, does!

@Itachi, situations, circumstances and consequences made him mad, otherwise he was potentially a great shinobi and he has always been a keen and quick learner.. also possessed very good plotting against enemies he had been fighting.. ofcourse itachi as elder brother possessed more knowledge than him, Sasuke could have been genius..

@Sai: He was never mad, it was all part of the act.

@itachi technically, everry main character classifies as genius. average Ninja are genin, maybe chunnin. The konoha 12 are all roughly at least jonin, with several being above that. Sasuke with Mangekyou was Kage level. It should be that way, since most are the directly in line to inherit the Head of the clan position, or at least are children of the head of the clan, they are meant to as adults be the strongest in their clans, at least jonin.

All people are different, and all sihnobi are different. We know that some people are talented in poetry, and some in math. Some have good memory, some are stronger than others. How do they "achieve" this? Well, they usually don't. They just have it.
The same thing applies to shinobi too. Some are naturally better in genjitsu, some in ninjitsu. Some have Kekkei Genkai, some have more chakra than others. Of course, when one trains, he further increases his ability, and even if someone is not really good with genjitsu, he can work hard to improve, much like anyone can, for example, attend a music class and learn to play an instrument.
So yes, if you don't count any "special stuff" such as Kisame's sword, I would say that it's something they have from birth.

Thank you @SingerOfTheFall, you always provide notable answers :)

I think chakra is actually inherited directly from the parents and can be honed via training.
As we know, Naruto has immense amount of chakra, more than even a regular jounin level shinobi (Kakashi told that Naruto has 4 times more chakra than himself without counting the chakra of the nine tails), since his childhood and could perform forbidden Multi shadow clone jutsu which would be otherwise impossible unless one has huge chakra at his disposal.
So, there is higher possibility that Third Raikage and Kisame's parents had incredible amount of chakra.

I don't think you can inherit chakra reserves

Either you have to save it as Tsunade and Sakura does or you have to have it in you. I do not see any other way around. And FYI, tailed beast, Samehada and other ninja tools are excluded.

It is specifically stated that a shinobi can increase his or her chakra volume via training. It is stated in the manga, anime and databooks that Chakra is created when two other forms of energy, known collectively as one's "stamina", are moulded together. Physical energy (身体エネルギー, shintai enerugī) is collected from each and every one of the body's cells and can be increased through training, stimulants, and exercise. Spiritual energy (精神エネルギー, seishin enerugī, English TV: Mental Energy) is derived from the mind's consciousness and can be increased through studying, meditation, and experience. These two energies becoming more powerful will in turn make the created chakra more powerful. Therefore, practising a technique repeatedly will build up experience, increasing one's spiritual energy, and thus allowing more chakra to be created.
so any character who has large chakra reserves developed it by either increasing the physical or spiritual energy or both. through physical training such as running, push ups etc etc or doing mental training such as studying, reading, meditating etc etc.
on top of that another important factor is chakra control which is important because all though its possible to maximize the amount of chakra a shinobi has. there are still some limitations based on genetics.  as such this is why someone like kakashi has average levels of chakra volume. but i also believe that its possible to break the limit to a degree. one such way is to seal chakra away for later use. this will grant you a higher level of standing chakra volume and in turn it will allow you to train harder and develop chakra beyond the limits of your genetics IE tsunade was born with chakra of a high calbre and volume because she is senju/uzumaki. but the seal on her fourhead clearly allows for even greater chakra volumes


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Why was 4th Hokage chosen when the 3rd was still alive and capable?
A few examples:
4th Hokage: He was nominated and chosen when 3rd Hokage was still alive and was capable of fighting (courtesy: 9-tails attack on Konoha)
5th Hokage: after the Third Hokage deceased.
4th Raikage: After the Third Raikage deceased.
I thought the next Kage would only be chosen after the previous Kage's death. But that wasn't the case for 4th Hokage! Was he strong enough to be believed to take over Third? Was it because the Third believed he was too old ?
Btw, the Third continued to be Hokage after 4th was deceased!
I have never come across an info that notified the 4th Hokage's nomination..

Lets compare it with the pope :P. Normally, a new pope is nominated after the dead of the old pope. But suddenly, the last pope decided to retire, so they're searching a new pope now. It's just because he wants to. It's not the best comparison, but I think it works :D.

@looper, LOL :D :D good one!!

@looper With all due respect to Tartori, your comment explains it better. :)

A Hokage does not have to die for a new one to be chosen! Plus, you can probably retire when or before a new Hokage is chosen.

All the kages but Gaara in the Fourth Shinobi War ended up retiring, if you remember from the epilogue — Tsunade, Kakashi, Onoki, Mei Terumi, and Ay.

In the wiki stands the following:

After serving as Hokage for many years, Hiruzen started looking for a successor to the title. While he hoped to be able to give the position to Orochimaru, he saw that he only was interested for the power it offered. Though he turned to Jiraiya, Hiruzen instead named Jiraiya's student Minato Namikaze as his successor.

I found no information about why he wanted to retire, but it seems that he just wanted to retire. Additionally shortly before he died, he spoke about retirement too.
Note that the Second Hokage chose the third before he died according to this article:

He chose to sacrifice himself after he selected his prized student Hiruzen for the position of Third Hokage. Homura and Koharu would later become Hiruzen's advisers. After giving the title of Hokage to Hiruzen, Tobirama went off to fight the enemies where he died a noble death

2nd chose 3rd before he was dying .. I'm aware of it.. About Hiruzen I didn't know .. thanks..

The third Hokage, Hiruzen Sarutobi was the oldest Hokage and best the village had ever had seeing as he served in the position for the longest time and was did so very well. However, he  knew that he would not be alive much longer to fulfill the position. He began a search for someone worthy of the title. He thought about Orochimaru, but later realized he only wished to have the title for the power it'd bring him. He thought of Jaraiya, but he did not want the position. Hiruzen then selected Minato Namikaze seeing how he was Jaraiya's student and ultimately the next best thing. Later, Orochimaru challenged the 3rd Hokage in a battle to the death. The two went all out which ended Hiruzen's life and reign as Hokage, but not before he used a reaper death seal to seal Orochimaru's arms, preventing him from using hand seals and ninjutsu and a life of pain for as long as he lived. Thus, Minato was the acting 4th Hokage, before this advent he merely held the title until Hiruzen's death transpired.

The answer is contained in the Kakashi: Shadow of the Anbu Black Ops arc in the anime. Given this question was asked in 2013, that probably explains why none of the answers have the correct answer, as it probably wasn't readily available at the time (I didn't actually check the dates when the episodes came out, I'm just guessing).
Towards the end of the Third Shinobi War, the Third Hokage negotiated for a peaceful resolution without reparations, and this was viewed as weakness by many. The Third Hokage was blamed for the losses of the war, and Hiruzen stepped down as Hokage to appease everyone who was annoyed with him and everyone who was angry with him. This is his way of accepting responsibility. Though if you believe Danzo and Orochimaru, Hiruzen Sarutobi intended to use Minato Namikaze to basically continue his reign, so stepping down was somewhat of an empty act to get everyone off his back.
From the Fandom wiki:

In Konoha, although the war had been proceeding favorably for the village, the Third Hokage established a policy of reconciliation to bring an end to the fighting with an unprecedented offer to not seek reparations from Iwa. Advocates for the war opposed Hiruzen's seemingly weak decision, and to keep dissatisfaction in the village in check, he decided to step down as Hokage.


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What was removed between the Japanese and English releases of "Odin: Photon Space Sailer Starlight"?
The anime film Odin: Photon Space Sailer Starlight was released in Japan with a running time of 139 minutes, but Central Park Media's U.S. release of the movie is only 93 minutes long. This results in a whopping 45 minutes of footage edited out. I realize there was no real ending to the movie since it was originally planned to be a trilogy, and that the film itself is kind of slow to begin with. But what did the U.S. release edit out? Was there a specific chunk(s) of the story that was removed? Or did they somehow remove all of the panning, random action, and borderline long still shots throughout the movie?

From Wikipedia:

Many earlier anime theatrical films had slow deliberate pacing resulting in running times that were over two hours. Odin: Photon Sailer Starlight, whose original runtime was two hours 15 minutes had a pre-credits sequence, numerous surrealistic special effects scenes, lengthy dialogue scenes, silent moments, as well as a musical ending (special appearance by Loudness, the band who performed some of the music numbers), all of which were cut resulting in a 90 minute English dub.

So the answer appears to be "All of the above".
(I've not seen the movie yet.)

No idea how I missed that on wikipedia, I skimmed that page before asking. Strange about the Loudness music video bit, since that happened during the ending credits. Did they just take out the credits and made them much shorter?

@JonLin The wiki mentions pre-credits and musical ending rather than simply credits. They might be three different things.

Well, that's why I'm a bit confused, there's definitely a long sequence in the beginning of the movie with rock music in the background, but the "musical ending" is simply during the ending credits, the pre-credit sequence is this really long, set of shots with the ship, doing nothing, so I can see them getting rid of that. But the musical ending seems to be the same as the credits. It ends at the end of the credits.


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How did Itachi awaken his Mangekyou Sharingan?
If Itachi didn't kill Shisui, how did he really awaken his Mangekyou Sharingan?

The Mangekyou Sharingan is activated once its user experiences great loss, especially of someone close to him.
This means that Itachi did not have to kill Shisui in order for the Mangekyou to activate. What is most important for the activation is that the user feels the loss, which causes their brain to release a special kind of chakra that affects their optic nerves (chapter 619), thus awakening the Sharingan, and the Mangekyou, depending on what 'level' you were before, and on how much loss you have experienced. The more loss you experience, the more powerful the Sharingan gets.
Probably, just witnessing Shisui's death to protect the village was traumatic enough for Itachi to awaken his Mangekyou.
Also, if you remember, Sasuke's Mangekyou activated when Itachi died. He did not kill him either, but witnessing his death, even though he hated him, was traumatic enough to activate it.

He kinda did kill Itachi, but the eyes awakened only after he learned the truth about him.

@MadaraUchiha: C'mon... He didn't kill him. He wouldn't be able to, even if he had wanted to. Itachi died only because he was both sick and not going hard on Sasuke.

Isn't that the same way Madara Uchiha awakened his Mangekyou? If you see in Chapter 625, you can see that his Mangekyou is awakened. I feel that it is because of the loss of his brother, who is Hashirama in the scenario.

That may be true, but that's not how Sasuke got his Mangekyou Sharingan. In the episodes following the fight, we learn that Itachi implanted his Mangekyou powers (Amaterasu, etc.) into Sasuke. Those powers activated when Sasuke looked at Madara's Sharingan; as Madara explained, Itachi made the abilities self-activate when they came into contact with Madara's Sharingan. This was because Itachi did not want Madara and Sasuke to meet, in order to prevent Madara from telling Sasuke the truth about Itachi.


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Is it known if Ergo Proxy is really set in our world?
In Wikipedia's page on Ergo Proxy, it is stated that:

The story begins in a futuristic domed city called Romdeau, built to protect its citizens after a global ecological disaster thousands of years prior.

And the "thousands of years" part leads to a page on the 23rd century.
However, I don't remember any specific year ever having been stated in the anime.
I actually don't think it was ever explicitly said whether it takes place in our world or not.
Was it ever stated (in-universe or by the authors) if it takes place in our world?
If so, is a specific time-slot/date ever given?
Or is the Wikipedia's link to the 23rd century page complete humbug?

Keep in mind: The story begins thousands of years after the 23rd century; Wikipedia would have no reason to list it under works set in the 23rd century.

@Eric: Good point. I'll edit that out. :)

According to ergoproxy.wikia.com (note that the second paragraph contains spoilers for anyone who hasn't watched the whole series):

The series takes place in a post-apocalyptic future of Earth, focusing on the aftermath of a global ecological disaster. The apparent cause of this travesty was rapid climate change due to a string of explosions in methane hydrate reserves. Occuring during the second half of the 21st century, the impromptu detonations succeeded in wiping out 85% of the planet's Human population.
In order to survive, the remaining Humans made 300 Proxies in an event known as the Proxy Project and charged them with the creation of another Human race; they were to be nurtured within Dome Cities of the Proxies' establishment. These sealed off communities contained a birthing system called the WombSys as well as AutoReivs, two factors intended to aid and propagate the fledgling species. Once the Proxies were sent forth, the original Humans left Earth for another planet, biding their time until they were certain that Earth was safe for both Human races to settle. Their purpose completed, the then obsolete Proxies would have their immortal Amrita Cells destroyed by the emerging sun's deadly rays, unable to live under blue skies and therefore stamped out as relics of the past.

So to summarize, it does take place on earth/in our world following a post-apocalyptic event.


text:
Mount Myoboku: a different space/dimension?
There are two ways to enter mount Myōboku:

A secret path from Konohagakure
Reverse summoning

So there is no way (as known so far) that you are traveling somewhere and by mistake end up landing on mount Myōboku. Neither is it shown on any map in any episode.
I assumed that it's a different space or world. (Than the shinobi's)

So there is no way (as known so far) that you are traveling somewhere and by mistake end up landing on mount Myōboku.

According to the Official Character Databook that is not the case, as the book states that:

(...) it is said that once in a while, a traveler who has lost his way inadvertently gets on the secret path.1

However, even this neither proves nor disproves that it is located in our world. One could get lost and get in some secret path that leads to a region in this world, but getting lost may, just as well, lead you to some secret path that transports you to another dimension.
However, I think it is located in our world, because "Secluded Region" appears written in the page that has info on Mount Myōboku. This piece of info leads me to think that Mount Myōboku is just located in some region that is very well hidden from the outside world. However, it may just as well mean that the "Secluded Region" is some other dimension.

So, basically, it is unknown whether it is located in our world or in another, at least as of now (chapter 623).

1 Page 204, Naruto: The Official Character Data Book

just wondering, if Naruto never returned from the mt myoboku (just a thought) .. Could Pain or anyone reach him by force?? What's your thought?

I'm thinking that theoretically it would be possible. Provided that either they knew the way there, or that they got lucky enough to get lost and find their way there.

So the same goes with the Ryūchi Cave and Shikkotsu Forest?

@R.J Possibly, I can't be sure.

As stated in the wiki:

For a human to get to Mount Myōboku, it either takes a month long travel on secret paths from Konohagakure or, if they have a summoning contract, they can let a toad use the Reverse Summoning Technique. According to Fukasaku, Mount Myōboku is impossible to find by foot for those who don't know the secret route. (Chapter 409)

But whether or not it is in another dimension is nowhere stated. Additionally it is not shown on the World map of Naruto. So it could be on an unknown place on this world (as on an island not yet discovered by the shin-obis or as you said in another dimension or even on another planet.

Yes, I share the same assumption. Thank you.


text:
Why didn't Kabuto use Deidara more effectively?

Kabuto summoned Deidara during the fourth world war, but only used him to keep the Tsuchikage busy while he (Kabuto) kidnapped Yamato. He then unsummoned Deidara and has never summoned him since then. Edo Tensei makes Deidara immortal, which allows Deidara to use the C0, a giant explosion that covers an area of 10 km diameter, several times. Kabuto could have used this to eliminate the enemy units more effectively, but why did he not do so?

I've added the [tag:retag] tag to this question. This tag should be used by new users when trying to add new tags, and should not be removed. Thus, I locked the post so that it does not get removed. I chose this post because it does not appear that newer and/or better answers can appear, and it does not appear to be editable into a question that may be a good fit for the site. If, by some reason, this is seen as wrong in some time in the future, let some mod know, so that we can unlock the post for whatever reasons seem necessary at that time. :)

Because this is a "special" question (it's the anchor question for [tag:retag]), I've moved the comments to chat and deleted them from this question to make JNat's comment above immediately visible. This is to help ensure that I or another moderator doesn't accidentally clear [tag:retag] off this question in the future.

You got your facts a bit wrong actually:

 He was actually summoned later, as a part of the Special Ops Batallion (or whatever the name may be), along with Sasori and Shin. They fought against Kankurou and Sai.
 In that battle, he was sealed (along with Sasori) inside Kankurou's Kuroari. This, along with the fact that Kabuto was still testing the summoned ninja (since he still allowed them to retain their personalities and fighting style), is probably the reason why he was not used more effectively.

See here for more details.

Kabuto did use him effectively. He just got captured very early into the war.


text:
What does Kikuhiko mean by saying "what I did to your daughter" to Sukeroku?
I noticed that at the end of Season 1, Kikuhiko is at the grave of Sukeroku and he says something on the lines of "are you mad because of what I did to your daughter?"
What does he mean? What did he do to say that?

 Did he impregnate Sukeroku's daughter and is he making reference to that?


text:
What exactly is the Susano'o technique?
The Uchiha and any Sharingan user who awakens the double Mangekyou Sharingan have the ability to use the Susano'o technique, and each Sharingan user seems to have a unique Susano'o form.
But what exactly is the Susano'o? Is it a deity, a special form of invocation or just a materialized form of chakra? Has this been explained in the manga so far?

Susanoo is an ability granted to those who awaken the powers of both their Mangekyō Sharingan. It creates a gigantic, humanoid being that surrounds the user and fights on their behalf. As one of the strongest techniques granted to those that have acquired the Mangekyō Sharingan, it is the user's guardian deity, but at the same time, it consumes the user's life force and damages their body over time
The answer to your question is : Susanoo is a materialized form of user's chakra.

According to Sasuke Uchiha, if a Sharingan user unlocks two Mangekyō
  Sharingan powers, one in each eye, known as the "Double Mangekyō"
  (ダブル万華鏡, Daburu Mangekyō), it gives access the third power, Susanoo.
  Nevertheless, for a Sharingan user to activate Susanoo, according to
  Obito Uchiha, is a rarity. Since it is formed through the
  materialisation of the user's chakra, its abilities, appearance and
  colour vary among individuals. While the user usually remains
  grounded within Susanoo, it is possible for them to freely move around
  within its body, as well as levitate inside of it. The user can allow
  others to enter Susanoo, or leave its body entirely. While Susanoo
  acts as a defence against external attacks, anything coming out of
  Susanoo will simply phase through it.

Source : Naruto wikia : Susanoo

So...it's the user guardian deity or a materialized form of user chakra? The answer state both

guardian deity is just a reference to susanoo. Since the chakra molds itself in the form of a guardian angel it has been referred as a deity.

Manifestation of chakra and it has been told that "Susanoo" is an ethereal warrior. So in Naruto wiki, they sometime mentioned it as "Summon" a Susanoo.

From naruto wikia:

Susanoo is an ability granted to those who awaken the powers of both
  their Mangekyō Sharingan. It creates a gigantic, humanoid being that
  surrounds the user and fights on their behalf. As one of the strongest
  techniques granted to those that have acquired the Mangekyō Sharingan,
  it is the user's guardian deity, but at the same time, it consumes the
  user's life force and damages their body over time.[1]


text:
How does one become a Jounin?
It is said in the wiki that:

...there was mention of a Jōnin Exam in the anime's Kurama Clan Arc.

Does anyone here know what are the stages/steps/missions in order to be a Jounin?

relevant: http://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/3654/does-every-ninja-become-a-jonin

I think recommendation to become Jōnin ninja are send by villagers and the hokage has the final decision of a making a one.
I'm not sure about this but I think that the candidate has to create a new jutsu in order to become a Jōnin (like Kakashi with Chidori, Minato with Rasengan).
We don't get any other details other than this. Same for the exam. I think that the created jutsu will be examined.
My answer is based on the anime.

Would be a very strange requirement to have to create a new Jitsu to become a Jonin. Seems it would be more about the persons skills, abilities and general reliability.

i didn't mean just the jitsu creation.candidate have to be passed in the exams and the jitsu creation

Right but there are creating a new jitsu is not something that anyone can do even a jonin

I agree with Joe W. It's weird for a Jonin's requirement to create a new jutsu. I feel that the series made emphasis on the rarity of creating a new jutsu.

From the wiki

Jonin are generally highly-experienced shinobi with great individual skill who serve as military captains. They are often sent on A-rank missions, and experienced jōnin may even be sent on S-rank missions (which are considered to be the greatest difficulty). It is not unusual for jōnin to go on missions alone. Jōnin are generally able to use at least two types of elemental chakra, proficient genjutsu, and decent taijutsu skills.

We can deduce that to become Jounin a ninja needs to meet certain requirement such as:
1) Must be highly experienced and skillful
2) Able to participate in multiple A- Rank Mission and some S-Rank missions
3) Capable of handling at least two types of elemental chakra, proficient genjutsu, and decent taijutsu skills
Once this criteria is met:

The villagers may send their recommendations for a jōnin appointment. The Kage reads said recommendations and may consider appointing an individual a jōnin if his or her qualities are recognized as adequate by enough people and himself.

About the exam, I'm not sure since I don't follow well the anime.
About creating a new jutsu, I have found out that each technique is well classified according to their rank. The link shows list of A-rank Techniques. This may support a theory that a Jonin is required to have at least a few A-rank jutsu's and may be S-rank Jutsu's.

Well, generally good Genjutsu. I just had to point out Neji, does he have genjutsu?

From an answer to a similar question :
In the Road to Ninja movie, Naruto tried to get a recommendation from Iruka for promotion to Jōnin, but was refused.  Iruka said that Naruto had to become a Chūnin before he could become a Jōnin.

Iruka: so, what did you want to talk about?
Naruto: Um, Iruka-sensei, uh, listen, you think you can submit a Jonin application for me?
Iruka: What?
Naruto: It's just that all of my other classmates are going to have their parents fill out applications for them, and, well, I, uh...
Iruka: Nope, sorry. I won't.
Naruto: But why not?
Iruka: Because that step is supposed to come after you become a chunin. Sure you saved us from Pain, and everyone calls you the "Hero of the Hidden Leaf", but I can't give you special treatment.  I mean, even your Dad worked his way up through the ranks - from Genin, to Chunin, to Jonin, to become Hokage. Then he went on to became a Hero.
Naruto: hmm, to become just a face carved into a rock.

Credits to Remy Lebeau.
So we know that being a Chunin is essential , combined with the other factors from the other answers given here.

Real late replying to this, but wanted to throw in my two cents and just point out that it’s difficult to be specific due to retcons and not really being discussed outside of filler episodes. That being said I agree with most of what’s already been said however, I don’t think creating a new Jutsu is that strange of a requirement.
Like “Pi” mentioned all Jutsu are ranked. It isn’t until Shippuden that an emphasis is put on how difficult/rare it is for a new Jutsu to be created. Even then it’s really only mentioned when regarding the Rasengan and the creation of S rank or higher Jutsu. Prior to that you had Naruto, Kabuto, Tsunade, Orochimaru, and to an extent Neji all creating new Jutsu. Sexy Jutsu, Cell Activation Jutsu, Hundred Healings Jutsu, Immortality Jutsu, and technically Rotation respectively.
If the requirement is simply to create any new Jutsu then it’s an easy requirement however, that seems unlikely. So, going based off what we’ve already talked about and what’s been seen in the cannon episodes, I would guess that part of the Jonin exam requires you to create a new Jutsu which must then receive a rank of B or higher to pass. The reason I think it’s B or higher and not C or A is because B rank contains not only the Shadow Clone Jutsu, but several release Jutsu and it’s the catagory with the most Jutsu overall. This would explain why the B rank has the most Jutsu because there’s a 51.6% chance that a new Jutsu will be given that rank every time there’s a Jonin promotion.
Now going off of the previously discussed criteria and using the Chunin exams as a base here is how I believe the Jonin exam would be conducted/laid out:
Entrance: In order to be allowed to take the Jonin exam you must first be a Chunin level Ninja and be recommended for the exam by at least one member of the village.
Stage 1: Record Review
During this stage the Hokage conducts a review of the Ninja’s record looking at things like the number of successfully completed missions, how many of each rank there are, why certain missions failed, and whether or not the Ninja in question has been a successful leader. This stage concludes with the Ninja being given a small number of basic knowledge questions and the opportunity if necessary to answer any questions put to them by the Hokage.
Stage 2: Demonstration of Skills
During this stage the Ninja must demonstrate a certain amount of proficiency in a series of specific skills. The Ninja must be capable of using at least two or more chakra natures, be able to break a genjutsu without any outside interference, and demonstrate Taijutsu skills at a level above most Chunin. It may be required to demonstrate these skills against an already Jonin class Ninja.
Stage 3: A New Jutsu
For the final stage of the exam the Ninja must demonstrate a new Jutsu and receive a Jutsu rank of B or higher from the Hokage.
Results:
As with the Chunin exam, passing each stage does not guarantee the Ninja’s promotion. After the completion of each stage the Hokage will review the results and make a final decision on whether or not to promote the Ninja to Jonin class.
Lastly just to clarify a few things:
I laid out the Jonin exam as a solo/as requested exam because as leaders Chunin have more variables in their schedules causing them to progress at different rates. I found it unlikely that you would have multiple Chunin all reaching the same specific skill level and getting villager recommendations at the same time. So a group exam didn’t make much sense since you could have one examinee one year and five the next.
I included the knowledge questions in Stage 1 because Kakashi told Naruto that while he had skills beyond a Jonin he lacked the required knowledge. I also made Stage 1 a review because Chunin typically lead their own squads and so the Hokage would probably want to ask them questions about what they had learned.
As for why the Genjutsu requirement isn’t higher I believe  Jiraiya told Naruto something along the lines of not everyone can use Genjutsu and it’s not worth teaching him but all Jonin and most Chunin can break Genjutsu. I also included the possibility of demonstrating against a Jonin because while most of the skills can be shown without an opponent the Hokage would probably want to compare the skill level.
Finally I put showing off the new Jutsu as the last stage because it has the potential to be the biggest demonstration of skill which is the same as the third stage of the Chunin exams.


text:
Anyone know what series this image belongs to?
Could be anime, manga, or even a visual novel, I'm not sure.

The original uncropped image is from Dorei Kishi 1 「奴隷騎士Ⅰ」, a Fate/stay night hentai manga by the doujinshi circle KUSARI. On a prior page is printed

陵辱連鎖シリーズ＋オリジナルイラスト集

which translates to:

Ryoujoku Rensa Series + Original Illustration Collection

Ryoujoku Rensa is another hentai manga by KUSARI, based on the 2005 eroge novel of the same title. It is clear that the image is an original illustration.


text:
Is Senpou: Inton Raiha related to the Third Raikage's black lightning attack?
In chapter 674 of the Naruto manga, Madara uses a techinique called Senpou: Inton Raiha.
Is this technique related to the black lightning attack of the Third Raikage?

Senpou: Inton Raiha - Raiton and Inton mixed together to form a branched dangerous lightning network . The flashes can be fired from both hands simultaneously. Senpou: Inton Raiha uses Sage of Six Path's chakra. And till now there have been only 4 characters to use Sage of Six Path's chakra - Obito, Madara, Naruto and Sasuke. It is highly unlikely that Third raikage knew/believed in Rikudou Senin let alone had his chakra.
Also Third raikage's black lightening was unique to him and later used by Darui too and it is shown that it can be used at a single target at a time. It covers the whole body of the user while Senpou: Inton Raiha comes out from hands of user.

From the Naruto wiki:
Senpou: Inton Raiha is a combination of senjutsu, Yin Release and Lightning Release.
Black Lightning is a typical lightning release jutsu.
Hence Inton Raiha and Black Lightning are not related to each other.


text:
How many times has the original Nine Tails attack been flashed back?
After looking at episode 248, I managed to once again gain a nice little view of the Nine Tails attack on Konoha. Even though we get a different point of view each and every time, it still is the original Nine Tails attack... AGAIN.

With that said, I've been wondering: How many times have we actually seen the Nine Tails attack the village, or at least fragments of this? And if possible, how much screen time has this taken in the two series so far?

I doubt Masashi Kishimoto himself can tell you that. +1 though for a very interesting question :D

would the Openings count? i've seen 3 different openings for just the first Season alone (before the Chunin Exams) and one of them at the start has the 3rd Hokage repeat "12 year ago, the 9-tailed fox suddenly appeared" with the 9 tails appearing before cutting top the music

@Memor-X although I think it would make for a funny side fact. it is best to just keep it in the series itself excluding the OP/ED's

in the manga it is limited to 20 or so i think.

@Sp0T Lies ;) I actually went around all the manga and found out it happens 37 times in there xd.

well i just guessed. but didn't think that the number of flashbacks in naruto would be this much high... ;)

@Sp0T Yeah it suprised me a bit aswell. But now i still wonder how many times it happend in the anime series. As it defintly happend even more in there.

seems like another reason to read and watch the series all over again... :D

Are movies fair game too?

@krikara I guess they are yes.

Lol, you're right XD. I started Naruto a few weeks ago but it's amazing how much they use that clip.

@Scarletgirl While your at it, count them!! :D  then maybe we will have a answer in the near future ;)

In the anime series? Who knows.
But in the manga:
Naruto chapter 1, page 1, 17, 37, 49
Naruto chapter 2, pages 13-14
Naruto chapter 2, page 5
Naruto chapter 2, pages 14-15
Naruto chapter 500, pages 8-9
Naruto chapter 500, pages 9-10, 12
Naruto chapter 607, pages 6-7
Naruto chapter 500, pages 13-17
Naruto chapter 501, pages 1-6
Naruto chapter 501, page 7
Naruto chapter 501, pages 12-17
Naruto chapter 502, pages 1-6
Naruto chapter 502, pages 7-17
Naruto chapter 503, pages 3-4, 8
Naruto chapter 503, pages 5-7
Naruto chapter 503, page 9
Naruto chapter 503, pages 10-17
Naruto chapter 503, pages 13-19
Naruto chapter 504, pages 1-9
Naruto chapter 504, pages 10-14
Naruto chapter 440, page 15
Naruto chapter 499, page 3
Naruto chapter 440, page 5
Naruto chapter 399, page 15
Naruto chapters 399-401
Naruto chapter 484, pages 8-9
Naruto chapter 485, page 6
Naruto chapter 399, page 16
Naruto chapter 502, page 2

Naruto: Shippūden episode 68
Naruto chapter 149, page 9
Naruto chapter 370, pages 15-16
Naruto chapter 386, page 11
Naruto chapter 399, pages 14-15
Naruto chapter 440, page 10
Naruto chapter 500, page 7
Naruto chapter 597, pages 20-21

hmm I taught 37, seems like I double counted 1 somewhere. Nice list. All tough I am looking for the anime list, this surely is worth a upvote ;)

May I ask what is your intention when you put Naruto: Shippūden episode 68 in your answer?


text:
Did Kyousuke's parents know about what happened between him and Kirino?
About halfway through the second season, their parents seem to have suspicions on them because suddenly Kyousuke has a close relationship with Kirino.

 And at the end of the second season of Ore no Imouto ga Konna ni Kawaii Wake ga Nai, both of them are finally dating, even if just for a few months.

Did their parents know about this?

Most probably no. Otherwise, Kyousuke would have been kicked out of the house by his father. After the catfight between Minami and Kirino, Minami also accepts Kyousuke's feeling and does not reveal their relationship to their father.

Their mom seemed to be onto something at some point, but she never said anything after that.

The later parts of Ore Imo contained all sorts of plot holes, dropped plots, and things that were just plain stupid. This was not the anime's fault—all of its plot holes and stupidity were copied straight from the light novel, but usually without the bloat that plagued the later novels.
Anyway, the novels give no clear indication about whether the Kousaka parents knew their children were "dating", but as @nhahtdh says, it seems very unlikely that Kyousuke would be allowed to live in the house if their father knew, since their father is also very protective of Kirino and often critical of Kyousuke. Manami did threaten to tell their parents, but relented.
As @noko mentions, there was a scene in both the novels and anime where their mother seemed to be on to something. (This was before they were "dating", though, so it actually was an unfounded accusation at that point.) This occurred in Chapter 1 of Volume 10 of the light novels. However, if we look at the conversation, it doesn't seem like she actually thought they were romantically involved:

Then Mom started with a topic that made me yell in surprise -----
"…Kyousuke, you…have you done something strange to Kirino?"
"Pfffff."
"Ha? Ha!?"
Hearing that totally unexpected topic, both Kirino and I were caught
  off guard.
"Mom? What did you just say?"
"I asked if you have done something strange to Kirino."
"What do you mean by 'strange'?"
"Yes! Strange means strange things!!"
Give me a good answer! You really are Kirino's mother!
"That…in other words…You are thinking that I have done some erotic
  things to Kirino?"
"Cough cough cough!"
Next to me, Kirino choked.
Well…her reaction is understandable.
Seeing my reaction, Mom's eyes suddenly became sharper.
"I didn't mean it like that, but since that’s the first thing that
  came to your mind, so it seems….."

All their mother does is ask if Kyousuke has done something strange to Kirino. Kyousuke himself brings up "erotic things", and their mother jumps on the fact that that was the first meaning he thought of for "something strange." She does go on to mention all the lovey-dovey things they've been doing recently, including coming home in wedding clothes, but until Kyousuke opened his big dumb mouth, she probably just wondered why they were suddenly so close and engaging in such strange behavior.
By the way, their father already knows about Kirino's otaku hobbies and how Kyousuke is in on it and covering for her. The novels remind us of that in this piece of dialogue:

Dad made a 'don't pass the ball to me now' expression then sighed and
  said:
"I'm not worried about the situation that your mother just talked
  about. I'm the one who understands what is going on between you and
  Kirino better than anyone. For you to cherish each other so much is
  within my expectations."
Dad, you are making it worse!
My face was gradually getting redder, my throat seemed like it was
  blocked.
"……"
No, no, don't say something so embarrassing! I'm embarrassed!
….I didn't even know why Dad spoke so highly of me ----- no, it’s
  probably because I was the one who brought Kirino back from America.
It's natural for a doting elder brother to take care of his little
  sister.
Now, I could say it without hesitation.
Still, Dad wasn't the type to just praise someone that easily.
"Kyousuke. Think back to about a year ago."
"A year ago?"
"Yes, about Kirino's - no, your hobby, we talked about it before."
"….."
Kirino's hobby – you mean the 'little sister based eroge'? When you
  caught her?
At that time, I insisted that it was my hobby.

This is probably enough to explain their newly found closeness for their father.
Towards the end of the novel, in Chapter 4 of Volume 10, Kyousuke asks his mother about her suspicions, and his mother replies that she never really believed they were romantically involved, reinforcing what I claimed above:

"Oh right, Mom. I got an A. So was your inexplicable misunderstanding
  solved?"
"What inexplicable misunderstanding are you talking about?"
"That — the misunderstanding that I had a love affair with Kirino."
Even now, I still don't understand. Mom suspected that I had an impure
  relationship with Kirino, so she forced me to keep a distance with
  Kirino. But why did she allow me to come back if I got an A? It had no
  effect on my relationship with Kirino at all.
"Ah, you meant that."
Mom burst out laughing.
"Actually, I never thought that you had done anything to your little
  sister."
"— What?"
Did I just hear something unbelievable? I thought about what I just
  heard —
"What! What is going on!?"
I roared and stood up.
"Recently, your relationship with Kirino has improved. So under these
  conditions, I separated you two. By doing that, you – the lazy brother
  would do your best due to the power of your siscon nature. Looks like
  my plan worked out in the end."
Mom continued praising herself, "I'm so smart."

The later novels don't ever suggest that their parents know anything, and it seems likely they don't. After all, as far as we can gather, not much changed in their relationship, at least externally. Maybe they're a little more lovey-dovey, but they were already pretty lovey-dovey by Volume 10. They were already going to each others' rooms at night and going out together on weekends; the only real difference is that the weekend outings are "dates" now. They do go around telling their friends that they're dating, but aside from Manami, none of their friends has any reason to rat them out, and Manami gave in, so it's probably just a sort of open secret among their circle of friends. Also, they only "dated" for around three months, and were probably rather scrupulous about keeping the secret during this period—no more coming home together in wedding clothes. So, all in all, it seems that the Kousaka parents didn't know anything.


text:
Are people aware of who Naruto's parents are?
Every villager in Konoha is aware that Naruto has the Kyuubi sealed inside of him.
Is anyone in the village or elsewhere (other than Kakashi and Jiraiya, that I remember knew) aware that he is the son of Minato and Kushina?
My main doubt being: do they know that he is the son of the Fourth Hokage?

some people in the village or were in the village already knew who his parents were like (3rd hokage , Kakashi sensei , and the people who dicided Naruto's last name.) thoughs are people who already new .... but seriously how could everybody not know naruto looks just like the 4th and if people new who the 4th hokage married they would know instantly that naruto was minato's son (4th hokage's son)

retroactive continuity

extension of the question: https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/47895/why-didnt-the-entire-village-know-naruto-was-minatos-son/47936#47936

I think they are protecting Minatos' legacy by not naming naruto after Minato.

Most of them didn't know. It was a secret to protect Naruto. Just a few people knew it. I found proof on this site:

Suddenly orphaned, Naruto was left to grow up knowing nothing of his parents, receiving only his mother's last name because the Third Hokage thought that it was best that nobody knew that he was related to the Fourth Hokage.

They found it here: Naruto chapter 440, page 5

You forgot the third Hokage (and some other Anbu's).

IMO they aren't.
After all you can see how everyone who knew that info treated him entirely different from the rest.
Edit: As Madara said,
It really was TABOO not to talk about it in the village (About the demon inside Naruto etc).
Nevertheless, I do not think it was so complicated inform those who need to know that.

I second this. Remember that entire ordeal with Neji, during the chuunin exams, talking about how "You're born a loser", and such things? I have always wondered how that would've played out if Neji knew Naruto was the son of the most legendary ninja to have ever existed.

Yes. After their names were revealed, it seems as if "suddenly" everyone knew about it. Even Gai, and even the Raikage mentioned his parents without them being mentioned earlier.
That leads me to believe that people knew, and it was part of the taboo not to speak of it (or Kishimoto still hadn't thought about it then :D)

Raikage mentioned his parents? when and where??

ya he mentions .. gotta link :) http://www.mangareader.net/naruto/544/4

I think some people knew like gai and kakashi but that some just saw the resemblance, because when he's 16 he really looks like a younger version of his dad. Next to that I think that every kage who was in an alliance with konoha would have know about the fourth hokage and his son

Obviously they don't. He was celebrated after defeating Pain, not because he's the Fourth's son, but rather because he became the hero of the village.
Btw, I think Naruto is happier to be acknowledged as a hero because of his acts and not because he's the son of a former Hokage. The only persons that knew about the truth were: Jiraiya, Sarutobi, maybe Kakashi (we saw a lot of time that Kakashi imagines he's teacher and mentor in Naruto, maybe he realized the relationship, but he didn't know that from the beginning), and a few ANBU members who were at that place when Naruto was born.

Kakashi would have been one of the few who knew because one of his assignments as ANBU was to be a secret body guard for Minato's wife while she was pregnant. As for why people who knew who Minato married didnt put two and two together when suddenly this boy who looks oddly similar to the fourth ended up being born in their village and happend to be the one cursed to carry the burden of the price that was paid to save the village.


text:
Is the World Government aware of the existence of the Sky Island?
Sky Island is a myth or a legend to many people including the pirates form Jaya, who laugh at Luffy because he thinks that Sky Island exists.
Does the World Government know about Sky Island or is it just a myth to them?

I believe that the world government does not know of the Sky Islands, because when the Straw Hats land in Navarone, the officials do not believe Zoro, Luffy, or any of them when they say they came from the sky.  Considering Navarone was a huge Marine Base, if the World government knew of the Sky Island, they would have let them know.

That was filler.  It doesn't show in the Manga.  Also, it is possible that Sky Island could be knowledge that the higher ups know.

Edit: It's just my assumption but Enel pursued by the government and he came to this island after it was thrown out to the sky.
His bounty was at that time 500,000,000 and of course before that,
 Gol D. Roger was there.
So it seems like too many coincidences have occurred there.
Apparently the government (the HQ at least) knew of the existence of this island.
But they do not want to reveal it to the public because it is so difficult and dangerous to get there, so
I guess they just chose to deny its existence.

Do you mind to provide references about this?

Eneru didn't have a bounty, but Oda stated that if he did, it would've been 500 million due to his actions.