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Are there other ways of reading the Uchiha Tablet?
One of the most notable characters in Naruto is Zetsu. I don't know if it's just me, but I have developed a very keen interest towards Zetsu and his abilities. I understand that White Zetsus are all the human beings that Kaguya enslaved when she first cast the Tsukiyomi on an entire village. And I also know that Black Zetsu is the manifestation of Kaguya's will right before she was sealed by her two sons.

However, what seems to confuse me is that both Madara and Itachi stated that the only way to read the Stone tablet in the Uchiha hideout was if the person had the Sharingan or any of its derivations. Zetsu, on the other hand, was able to read it, and even made changed to the Sacred text left by Hagoromo while having neither Sharingan nor Rinnengan.
The Wiki states that White and Black Zetsu had both the Mangekyou Sharingan and Rinnengan but that is most definitely super wrong. Throughout the manga/anime Zetsu's eyes were shown many times and even during his fights with the five Kage and the Mizukage(while protecting the feudal lords in the 4th great Ninja war), he never showed the ability to use any Kekkai Genkai except Wood Release.
How did Zetsu acquire both the Mangekyou and Rinnengan (Before the time of the Senju and Uchiha clan)? If not, does this mean there are other methods to reading the tablets which Zetsu may have used?

"The Wiki states that White and Black Zetsu had both the Mangekyou Sharingan and Rinnengan but that is most definitely super wrong. Throughout the manga/anime Zetsu's eyes were shown many times and even during his fights with the five Kage and the Mizukage(while protecting the feudal lords in the 4th great Ninja war), he never showed the ability to use any Kekkai Genkai except Wood Release." When Black Zetsu possessed Obito Uchiha's body to force him to revive Madara Uchiha with Rinne Tensei, he had access to Obito's Mangekyo Sharingan (right eye) and Rinnegan (left eye).

First, I'll clarify some things. You mentioned that 'The Wiki states that White and Black Zetsu had both the Mangekyou Sharingan and Rinnengan but that is most definitely super wrong.' This is mostly accurate information though. If you read more into that page,

it was mentioned how Black Zetsu was able to steal and take into possession both Sharingan and Rinnegan, the latter of which he returned to Madara and the former he lost access to after 'detaching itself' from Obito's body. Also, the wiki only mentions that Black Zetsu had (take note that this is in past tense) both the Sharingan and Rinnegan while White Zetsu's page do not mention it has these abilities. White Zetsu is able to use Wood Release on the reasons stated here.

How did Zetsu acquire both the Mangekyou and Rinnengan to read the tablet? Black Zetsu didn't have Mangekyou or Rinnengan when it modified the tablet. So how was Black Zetsu able to read and modify the Uchiha Tablet? No specifics were ever mentioned in the manga. As a matter of fact, he has a number of unnamed abilities that were seen throughout the manga.
Are there other ways of reading the Uchiha Tablet? Based from this information, yes, there is definitely another way of reading and modifying the tablet. Black Zetsu has an 'unnamed ability' that enables him to read and modify the tablet, albeit the specifics are still not mentioned by the mangaka. That he was able to read and modify the tablet without Rinnegan or Sharingan is, in itself, proof of an alternative method. Whether there are more ways other than Black Zetsu's 'unnamed ability', however, is still unknown as of now.


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Why didn't the other Captains see the potential in Asta during the admission exams?
Asta's magic was unique. There was no one else who could cancel out another person's magic, so why didn't the other captains see the possibilities of that strong power?

There were many reasons. The biggest one would be the Nobility bias a majority of the captains had. Asta had also failed every task EXCEPT the final fight with him and Sekke, so his failures from those would also overshadow his one success.
Another major reason is that while we know now that he explicitly cancels magic with his swords, from just the one fight with Sekke that the Captains saw at the time, it looked like he simply overpowered Sekke with physical prowess alone. When he started his attack against Sekke, this is what was said:
Vangeance: He's fast! Is he using some kind of high-speed movement magic?
Yami: No, he's just physically powerful!
In the end, it was Asta's determination despite his shortcomings that won Yami over while everyone else only saw his shortcomings, and magic-cancellation wasn't on their radars at all.

source: Stack Exchange

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Why didn't Nero tell the Black Bulls (or anyone) about the devil, elves, Licht, and the first Wizard King?
We all know that Nero can't use magic, but she can speak. She could have easily told the story to Asta and the others about what happened. She could have easily told the truth to the current Wizard King, who could have easily found out everything, or maybe even turn back the first Wizard King and Nero to human form.

Nero was not able to speak before the elves re-incarnated.
Edit: Actually it wasnt until the shadow palace was summoned at Clover Castle.
This is from the Wiki
> When Asta asks if she is Nero, she confirms and explains that she was originally human and could not speak as a bird until the Shadow Palace was summoned

please add some source or explenation.

@Kjenos Have updated it with Source

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How are Engrish/language barrier jokes dealt with in English dubs?
There are some scenes in anime which show language barriers. For instance, one character speaks fluent English (because he/she has lived in a foreign country and has recently came to Japan) and another character(who is listening) is having a difficult time comprehending it. Some examples include Kiniro Mosaic (the anime is all about characters dealing language barriers), Azumanga Daioh etc. Now, how are these scenes dubbed in English? How do dubbers deals with these scenes? Are these scenes even dubbed? Or is the plot changed conveniently to match with the English dub?
Consider the following scenes:

The famous coffee scene in Kiniro Mosaic.
"oh my gah" scene in Azumanga Daioh
The "no speaking English" scene in Nichijou

How are these scenes dubbed in English?

Azumanga Daioh, for the most part, didn't use much actual English in the original Japanese if the first place (the "blah blah blah" scene is pretty much directly translated).  The few instances of Yukari speaking English in the school ended up getting switch to Spanish (with an accompanying TL note) - which essentially fits how English is handled in Japan (that is, similar to Spanish here).  Otherwise, it's going to vary pretty heavily by show.

The answer for Kiniro Mosaic is that ... the anime was never dubbed in English so they never had to worry about it.
More generally, it will depend a lot on the way the dubbing company chooses to localise it, which in turn often depends on the expected audience for the dub. In the case of Azumanga Daioh, for example, the English jokes were made into Spanish ones instead, capturing the same general idea of the joke.
Another example I wanted to dig up was Excel Saga, which has a couple of scenes with notoriously (and, given the nature of the show, almost certainly deliberately) bad English (e.g. "General, she got it!" which in the English subtitles of the Japanese subtitles is translated as "General, I think she understands what we're saying"). The ADV dub treated these in different ways in different scenes, which feels quite on-brand for the show - some of the lines were just dubbed with proper English, losing that part of the joke; other lines were switched into another language, like in Azumanga; one line is given a complete non-sequitur joke that actually refers back to the Japanese version; and one section, where the joke in the original is that the English doesn't even relate to the scene (and is mostly made up of clichéd sentences that Japanese speakers might recognise, like "Give me chocolate") is left in its original form with the original voice actors.

I know Assassination Classroom had an issue with this.
In the original Japanese the plot has the characters facing off against American foreign exchange students in a sports festival game. The US students are explained to have a very basic grasp on Japanese. As part of their education the main students have been learning English and so one of the smarter kids switches to English to taunt the foreign exchange students out of formation.
In the English Dub the character throws on a thick, southern accent and uses local slang like "pardner" and "y'all". The joke kinda falls flat in the dub because the US students respond in much the same way as the original Japanese dub (in which the kid insulted their intelligence because they're mono-lingual) which doesn't make sense when in the English Dub he just tries to goad them by saying "Why don't y'all come over here pardner" or something similar.
Overall it varies from company to company.
Another one I've recently watched was Kabanari of the Iron Fortress which has a character that frequently switches entire lines in English or Japanese. The show did well enough so I imagine it'll get a dub in a few years time, but for now I'm left wondering how they'll handle that character.


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What is this cutting instrument Tomoko has, and is she supposed to have it at school?
In Fail 20: I'm Not Popular, so I'll Make Preparations, Tomoko has some kind of cutting instrument that I'm not familiar with. It's like a shaft-type thing with a retractable, squarish blade on the end. It's got me curious about what it is, but identifying it shouldn't be a difficult question, and I'm actually more curious about whether it's something that's normal to have at school. It doesn't seem like anyone else in the chapter is using one, just regular scissors. This makes me wonder if she's even allowed to have one. And considering what happens, it seems like Tomoko probably shouldn't have it.
Where I'm from, people are pretty paranoid about letting kids have sharp instruments. I had one teacher in middle school who didn't even trust us with scissors. And about the only time I had a knife was for cutting linoleum for a linocut print in a high school art class. I'm interested in the cultural differences here.
So, what is this item, and is it normal to have one at school in Japan, or is Tomoko in trouble?

That's a box cutter, more commonly known as a utility knife. I'm unsure exactly how common they are in Japanese schools, but they're certainly not prohibited: off the top of my head, Charlotte and Grisaia no Kajitsu are two other anime that depict box cutter-wielding schoolgirls (albeit in more sinister contexts).
In real-world Japan, there was an infamous incident in 2004 where an 11-year-old schoolgirl slashed a classmate to death using a box cutter. There were discussions afterwards about whether to lower the age of criminal responsibility, but I can find no record of any discussions about banning box cutters from schools, which suggests to me that there is a cultural element to their continued use, when other countries have banned them over far less.
(As an aside, I went to school in the UK and I do recall using box cutters during secondary school craft lessons, but they would have been rounded up and locked away with the other supplies after each lesson, and I'm pretty sure you would have been in massive trouble if you were caught walking around with one outside of those lessons.)


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Was a scene where Kazuma gets fed up with the party and trades parties with Dust for a bit ever Animated?
I recently did a rewatch of KonoSuba with friends, but we remember a scene that doesn't seem to exist in the anime after Kazuma and friends fight the Winter Shogun:
Kazuma gets fed up with the party and trades parties with Dust for a bit.
We remember seeing this at some point but haven't been able to locate it. When I looked it up, it appears to happen in the Light Novel but none of us have read it. The Fandom wiki mentions it was skipped in the anime as well.
Was this ever animated?

Based on quick research, it seems it's adapted in the manga but not anime, but I'm still not sure.

I don't remember this scene either.


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Did the writer mention that 2 Tomoe Sharingan can instantly awaken into Mangekyou Sharingan?
As you can see on the title, what I recall correctly is, every Mangekyou Sharingan user must have awoken the 3 Tomoe Sharingan before awakening the Mangekyou. For example: Uchiha Sasuke, Uchiha Itachi, Uchiha Madara, and Uchiha Fugaku. All of these users awoke their 3 Tomoe Sharingan and then later on awoke Mangekyou Sharingan.
But just now I found a small loop hole: Obito and Kakashi. Before they awaken their Mangekyou Sharingan, their previous Sharingan only has 2 Tomoe. Here is the clip that I found.
As you can see below, both of their eyes only have 2 Tomoe before Kakashi kills Rin.

But after Kakashi kills Rin, they instantly skip the 3 Tomoe Sharingan and jump straight to awakening the Mangekyou.

How can they can skip the 3 Tomoe and instantly awaken the Mangekyou? Is this a small detail that the writer didn't explain?

The 3 tomoe state wasn't skipped. At 1:16 in the video you can see the 3 tomoe sharingan.

This progression is also shown in the respective manga page.


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Why do Usagi and Chibi-Usa call Minako Mina-P?
In the Kodansha translation of the manga, I noticed some of the characters, primarily Usagi and Chibi-Usa, I believe, call Minako Aino by the name Mina-P. It seems to be an abbreviation of her name, but I'm not sure where the P comes from, and I don't recall this name ever being explained. Is there an explanation?
For example, I see this name used twice in Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: Short Stories Volume 1, once on page 69 by Chibi-Usa in the story "Chibi-Usa's Picture Diary" Chapter 3 Beware of Cavities:

Aaaargh! Papaaa, Usagiiiii!! I don't wanna die here!! Mina-P! Luna-P! Diana!!

and once by Usagi on page 135 in the story "Exam Battle Shorts" Chapter 3 Rei's and Minako's Girls School Battle?:

Hey, hey, Mina-P, there's a late-night show on that's real good. Let's watch it tonight!

"-P" is a suffix that a person can attach to the end of someone's name to indicate closeness, familiarity, and affection. These suffixes are all called "honorifics" in English but are called 「呼び方」 (yobikata) (or far less commonly, 「呼ばせ方」 [yobasekata]), which mean "how to call (someone/something)" in Japanese. "-P" is one of the examples like the far more common "-chan" that do not signify respect and honor (like the standard "-san" or the more formal "-sama"), so these affectionate suffix kinds of yobikata are called 「愛称」(aisho), which means "affectionate nickname." (In Japanese, these suffixes are not attached with a dash; the name runs right into the suffix like 「美奈P」[MinaP] or Makoto's「まこちゃん」[Makochan]. The dash when writing in romaji sets off a suffix from a name for non-native Japanese language learners to be able to identify where the name or abbreviated nickname ends and the suffix begins.)
Japanese people use yobikata almost all the time to everyone they know, from family members up to the highest elite person (a person trying to be cutesy can even attach one to his/her own name, which Minako does in certain moments). To avoid attaching a suffix to someone's name is to do 「呼び捨て」(yobisute), meaning to "throw out how-to-call-someone," and should only be done through consent by both parties and indicates a high level of closeness or conveys a lack of respect (for example, the times when Rei calls Usagi without a suffix, or when Usagi calls Chibi-usa without a suffix).
Characters usually use yobikata for each other, most of the cases are the common "-chan," (Usagi-chan, Ami-chan, Rei-chan, Mako-chan, Minako-chan, Mamo-chan, Chibi-usa-chan, etc.) and are sometimes used for the sailor senshi forms (V-chan, Venus-chan, etc.). "-P" is a rather uncommon suffix in Japanese culture; I have lived in Japan for years and never heard someone use it (though, admittedly, I don't spend time at Japanese high schools). In contrast, "-chan" is everywhere in society.
It should be noted that this "-P" suffix is a wholly different "-P" suffix than the "-P" suffix used to abbreviate the word 「プロデューサー」(purodyuusaa = producer) in arenas such as the vocaloid industry. In Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon, the civilian disguise form of Sailor Iron Mouse, Nezu Chuuko, who works for Ginga Terebi (Galaxy TV), is called "Nezu-purodyuusaa," never called "Nezu-P."
As you note, the only two within the series to receive the "-P" suffix are Minako and Luna-P. One reason for each case overlap, but there are two points of difference.
When Sailor V(enus) first appears, she is a mysterious, unknown, admired enigma to Usagi and the other others. However, over time, they get to know Minako. While Usagi loves all of her friends deeply, she comes to feel a particularly special bond with Minako because she views Minako as more like herself than the others. (In the early manga and anime, in what ways Minako is more similar to Usagi than Makoto is to Usagi or than Rei is to Usagi is not so clear but, as the series goes along, they are portrayed as a kind of kindred combo. This kindred affinity is portrayed in the anime as well [for example, chasing after Haruka-san or lamenting failing a class], but in the anime the Usagi-and-Rei relationship is portrayed more centrally.) Because Usagi feels a more special bond with Minako, she calls her "Mina-P," a suffix she doesn't use for anyone else.
As this Sailor Moon blogger explains,

うさぎちゃんの「美奈P」の呼び方が一番好きです。
うさぎちゃんと美奈子ちゃんの仲良しっぷりが感じられて。
このお互いの名前の呼び方って人間関係や、本人の性格が出ているようで
大切なポイントだと私は思ってます。たまに変わったりするけども (ﾟAﾟ;)

Translated: "What I love the most is how Usagi calls Minako 'Mina-P.' You can feel how close of friends they are. What they call each other is an important point that shows human relationships and their personalities. Though they change it up once in a while. (ﾟAﾟ;)" [translation mine]
In contrast, the suffix serves three purposes for Luna-P, Chibi-usa's cat face ball device.
One reason is the same: to demonstrate that Chibi-usa considers this device her close friend.
Secondly, the "-P" suffix in Luna-P's name is onomatopoeia, (in Japanese, 「擬音語」[giongo]). 「ピ」(pi) or, usually in repetition, such as「ピピピピピ」(pipipipipi), is a Japanese sound effect that means "beep beep beep." This sound effect often appears in the manga, and Luna-P itself only ever communicates in beeps rather than words (excluding transmitting voice chat between Chibi-usa and Puu). Luna-P is a beeping device, so the sound of the pronounced "-P" suffix here additionally conveys the electronic nature of the item.
Thirdly, other characters adopt calling this device "Luna-P" even though they do not feel that personal affection toward it, most likely because to speak of it with yobisute would simply be to say the name "Luna" - the name of a different prominent character who is always referred to and addressed with yobisute - and thereby possibly confusing.

No, the suffixes are not called 「呼び方」. They are 「敬称」. 呼び方is the thing or the entirety of the name you use to address another person. In other words, if student A calls the teacher 岡村先生, while student B calls the same teacher しおりちゃん, these are different 呼び方 of the same person, while 先生 and ちゃん are 敬称/愛称.

@Eddie Kal Thanks for adding the word 「敬称」. Since Japanese language learners often say "honorifics" whereas the average Japanese person doesn't say 「敬称」, I presented the word 「呼び方」. Just as the fan I quoted used 「「美奈P」の呼び方」, the combined form (entirety) is the standard way Japanese people talk about it rather than 「「P」の敬称」. In an NPO I volunteer with, we usually use last name+さん but someone raised the question of which 呼び方 we should use in our upcoming community event so we decided to have everyone go by first name+さん so it will feel cozy. I can't imagine someone asking which 敬称 we should use.

I can totally see where you are coming from and I also 100% agree with your point that "honorifics" is often a misnomer in these contexts. And your answer is very informative and well written. (I should've said that at the outset. Sorry.) The only minor issue I saw that I was nitpicking on was 呼び方. Technically and factually, 呼び捨て is also a 呼び方. I agree 敬称 is not talked about a lot in everyday conversation and it is a word which has a strong 書き言葉 ring to it and whose occurrences are mainly found in formal/semi-formal settings.

Some examples of 「敬称」 in ordinary, everyday contexts: 男女の敬称について  最近、小学校では「○○君や○○さん」を統一し、男女を問わずに「○○さん」にしているところもあると聞きます。これは、男女平等社会の実現に向けての動きなのでしょうか。 敬称でなんとなく思ったんですが


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Does Hisoka die in the 2011 anime or in the manga?
Before I finished Hunter x Hunter, I heard that Hisoka died, but when I finished the anime he hadn't died, so I'm a little confused about it. I'm asking this question on here because google won't give me the answer.

He did die but he came back to life.
The specifics to this ability are not yet elaborated but in Chapter 357, it was shown that Nen can be 'programmed' or 'used' even after death.
After his fight with Chrollo, he was declared dead. Suddenly, Machi notices Hisoka's aura coming back. It was then revealed that Hisoka 'begged' his Nen Gum (this is what he called his Nen, or at least in the VIZ translations) to bring him back to life after his death, which it did.


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How was it possible for Sailor Moon to be referenced in Codename: Sailor V?
I just read Codename: Sailor V and there were many references to Sailor Moon (Usagi and the other guardians making cameos, etc.), in spite of the former being created and published first. It was especially prominent towards the end, but Usagi made an appearance pretty early on. I'm interested in knowing what the publication history of Codename: Sailor V was like. And if any edits were made, what they were and when they happened. A timeline of Sailor V and Sailor Moon might also be sufficient to answer the question, if my assumption about edits is incorrect.

Codename: Sailor V first appeared as a one-shot on August 3, 1991.
The actual manga was then written pretty much simultaneously with the Sailor Moon manga, which started only a few months later (December 28, 1991) and which was updated much more frequently.
It even ended later (July 3, 1997) than the Sailor Moon manga (February 3, 1997).
That allowed for the cameos between the series.
Sources:
Codename: Sailor V Wikipedia
Sailor Moon Wikipedia
Sailor Moon Wiki

Just to elaborate a bit on the other answer, I found a helpful timeline at the end of Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: Short Stories Volume 2. I'll pull out the relevant entries. This is from the Kodansha English translation, published in 2013.

August 1991 / "Codename: Sailor V" debuts!!
Naoko Takeuchi-sensei's one-shot short story, "Code-name: Sailor V," which becomes the basis for "Sailor Moon," appears in RunRun's Summer Break issue.

December 1991 / "Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon" series launches!!  The long-awaited manga serialization finally begins, in Nakayoshi's February issue.

March 1992 / "Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon" animated television series begins airing!

March 1992 / "Codename: Sailor V" appears again in RunRun's Spring Break Issue!! "Sailor V" also becomes serialized, and appears concurrently with Nakayoshi's "Sailor Moon." The following April, RunRun gets re-launched as an every-other-month magazine.

February 1997 / "Sailor Moon"'s emotional finale!The manga series that has spanned five years' time comes to a happy end in Nakayoshi's March issue.

November 1997 / "Codename: Sailor V" reaches a climax!The finale of the Sailor Guardian series originator, "Sailor V," appears in RunRun's November issue.

September 2003 / "Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Revised Edition" (12 volumes en toto, plus 2 additional volumes) begins publication!!

October 2004 / "Codename: Sailor V Revised Edition" (two volumes in total) begins publication!!

So, it seems that only the first chapter of Codename: Sailor V (the one-shot) was published before the beginning of Sailor Moon. Additionally, Codename: Sailor V was released at a slower pace and came to an end after Sailor Moon. The end of the timeline mentions revised versions, but doesn't elaborate on what sort of changes were made.


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Who does Sasuke think Tobi is?
In the English dub of the episode The Risks of the Reanimation Jutsu, I noticed Sasuke refers to Tobi as Tobi. But Sasuke shouldn't know at this point that he isn't Madara, as far as I know, so it seems odd. And it occurred to me that I can't exactly remember whether Tobi introduced himself as Madara to Sasuke (I think he did, but I'm not sure). Additionally, Sasuke doesn't seem to react much when Kabuto mentions the real Madara. So what does Sasuke know at this point? Who does he think Tobi is?

During the Naruto Shippuden Itachi vs Sasuke fight, Sasuke figured out that during the Uchiha Annihilation, even Itachi couldn't defeat the entire Konoha Police Force completely by himself.
Sasuke was completely aware that someone assisted Itachi in annihilating the Uchiha Clan, and that was revealed to be:

 Uchiha Obito, while he was impersonating Madara. Although Itachi did think that Obito was the real Madara.

Sasuke was also aware of the fact that Tobi had a Sharingan, albeit he had no way of confirming that Tobi was the one who helped Itachi annihilate the Uchiha Clan, due to the masks he wore while impersonating Uchiha Madara.
And when Itachi mentioned Madara, Sasuke wanted to kill him, as if he didn't know he died ages ago. I'm pretty sure after Itachi used genjutsu to show Madara, Sasuke knew he was dead.
So Sasuke could've speculated that Tobi was some random person who had the Sharingan and the Mangekyo Sharingan, or a unknown/random person who just happens to go by Madara, an Uchiha that Itachi couldn't kill, or, using his fairly high intelligence, he could assume that Tobi is the one who helped Itachi with the Uchiha Annihilation.
Tobi has also said in the series, during the Fourth Great Ninja War arc:

Madara... Tobi... call me whichever you wish.

And, it is possible that Masashi (and the animation studio) had Sasuke choose a random one of the two names. This was not touched up on during Naruto Shippuden, so my response (and practically all of them, until this is answered by Kishimoto) will be mostly speculative.

(The things stated above may or may not be correct, and there is  another possible reason (likely the more correct one). The anime's main language is Japanese, and there is different syllable count on words with the same meaning across languages. For examplem "Nani" is two syllables, while "what" is only one syllable.) It's possible that Studio Perriot had to make him say Tobi instead of Madara to make the voice recording match the mouth flapping/movement.)

I've edited my answer to include proper/better formatting, along with additional information and reliable hyperlinks. This answer was written when I was fairly new to the site, so it wasn't peak condition. I've changed it up a bit, so hope this helps. : )


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Why does Goku still train with King Kai?
I don't get it. King Kai said he was no match against Nappa and Vegeta, but in Dragon Ball Super Goku is very eager to train with him despite King Kai having nothing else for him to learn.

iirc correctly, Goku was only training with him, not trained by him. King kai didn't teach him anything, just watched him training

I doubt Mohammed Ali's trainer was stronger than him, and yet he kept him as a coach.

In King's Kai planet, he can train under 10 times gravity, plus King Kai can magically add weights of several tons to him like he did when he was training with him after being killed by Cell.

King Kai can also make big weight rings appear and many stuff like that

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Do Lag Seeing and Gauche Suede have eyebrows?
I noticed something very perplexing while watching the Tegami Bachi anime: Gauche Suede and Lag Seeing don't appear to have eyebrows. This is a perplexing situation because they both have long hair that could be hiding their eyebrows. To make matters worse, the tops of their eyelids are both prominently drawn, so it's possible that I'm mistaking some of the lines for their eyebrows for their eyelids.
There doesn't seem to be a relationship between this shared feature and that both characters are Albisian, since Sylvette and Doctor Thunderland Jr. both have eyebrows (although notably, according to the wiki, it isn't confirmed that Doctor Thunderland is an Albisian).
This issue is so distracting that I find myself searching for their eyebrows whenever either one of them appears. Do Lag and Gauche have eyebrows? Is there any point in the anime or manga that clearly shows their eyebrows (or lack of eyebrows) or does a character ever acknowledge they don't have eyebrows?

Seems some viewers/readers also have the same opinion with you. Even the eyebrows are not drawn (or, hidden) in the manga too. One also had the same guess about Albisian's characteristic, but then refuted themself because of other Albisian character having eyebrows.

@AkiTanaka That's reassuring to hear. I was a tad worried it was just a misunderstanding on my part.

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What does reversing a person's bioelectricity do?
In A Certain Magical Index, Accelerator says something about reversing a person's bioelectricity. What happens to a human body when he does this?

Well, it kills the person.

Reversing a person's bioelectricity would result in that person's death. Accelerator has demonstrated his ability to manipulate bioelectricity several times in canon. My first example is in volume 5 of the light novels of A Certain Magical Index, when he manipulates Last Order's bioelectricity to erase the virus. There are also references to reversing a person's bioelectric field.
From pages 148-149 of the Yen Press edition of volume 5 (emphasis mine):

He had so much power, but all he could think of was blowing people up by touching their skin and reversing their blood or bioelectric field-
  ...
  If he could reverse the direction of somebody's blood flow and bioelectric field just by touching their skin...
  ...
  "Hey, If I can control her brain's electrical impulses, I can mess with her personality data without having to use a Testament, right?"
  ...
  "There's nothing I can't do. I killed people by reversing their blood flow and electric fields just by touching their skin during that experiment, yeah? I can reflect stuff already, so it's not strange that I can go beyond and control it."

Here, Accelerator confirms that he has killed people by reversing their electric fields, and implies that they exploded.
In the A Certain Scientific Accelerator manga volume 4, Accelerator demonstrates his ability to mess with someone's bioelectric field(he doesn't say anything about reversing it, however). In chapter 17, Accelerator messes with the bioelectricity of one of the members of Scavenger, Seike, knocking Seike unconscious. Accelerator's dialogue from the scene:

Did you know there's something called bioelectricity that runs inside human bodies? I'm gonna mess with it a little, heh. Enjoy!

The subsequent panels show electricity radiating from Seike's body. Blood erupts from Seike's nose and ears, saliva drips from the mouth, and the eyes roll up. The end result is Seike unconscious, with a look of anguish.
Finally, volume 3 of A Certain Magical Index references this ability. From page 189:

Those hands could alter the vector of anything they touched... For example, a simple stroke of the skin would allow him to reverse the flow of blood in [Kamijou's] veins or the direction of the bioelectric field around his body-either way, the person's heart would explode.

Here it is implied that reversing a person's bioelectricity will cause their heart to explode.

I've answered the question according to the current wording of the question. If you were more interested in what might happen in reality, then you might consider asking on a different site, such as https://physics.stackexchange.com/, although there are answered questions here that are similar, such as https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/2235/how-is-misakas-railgun-so-destructive


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Is it impossible for Sarada to get an Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan?
According to the Naruto wiki:

Their vision can be restored by transplanting the Mangekyō Sharingan of an Uchiha with strong blood ties — ideally a sibling — thus awakening the so-called Eternal Mangekyō Sharingan

Since Sarada doesn't have any siblings, this means that the closest relative to her with the Uchiha blood would be her father. Apparently, since this is not ideal, does it mean that Sarada will never obtain the Eternal Mangekyō Sharingan?

Possible duplicate of Would Sarada have to kill Boruto to obtain the Mangekyou Sharingan?

@AkiTanaka I’m not sure if it is entirely a duplicate. That question is asking about the standard Mangekyou. This is asking about the Eternal Mangkeyou

@Wondercricket I acknowledge that I'm not an expert in Naruto franchise at all. However, the last sentence on the question reads "awaken the (standard) Mangekyou Sharingan" to me, which is already answered in the dupe. Now, I don't know if it's possible to get Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan without obtaining the standard Mangekyou Sharingan first... (anyway, there's still Close Vote Review Queue where the community can decide to leave this open or not. You have stated the reason to not close it, which can be helpful for the reviewer)

All though the 2 questions are closely related, the Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan is something different from the Mangekyou Sharingan, containing different requirements to unlock. The accepted answer in the duplicate covers one of those scenario's in 1 sentence, however this would not fully answer the question asked here. Hence I think we should leave it open

@AkiTanaka I agree that before the edits, this would look like a duplicate to someone who doesn't know about the Regular and Eternal Mangekyou. However, for everyone, there has been an edit to the question since then, fixing the sentence in question to properly reference the Eternal Mangekyou instead of the regular one. Referencing the regular mangekyou in this context makes no sense at all, so the edit is correct, and as such, it should be clear this is not quite a duplicate. They are unlocked differently, and the wiki references can be found in this question and the others accepted answer.

'Since Sarada doesn't have any siblings, this means that the closest to her (with the Uchiha blood) would be her father.'
Just because you do not know of the person, doesn't mean he or she doesn't exist.

Note that I've edited your question to remove uncertainy phrases like "might it be impossible". These uncertainty phrases make it more difficult to understand the question and to answer it objectively. If you feel that I've changed the meaning of your question, feel free to edit.

It is definitely not ideal to give Sarada Sasuke's eyes for an Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan while he's alive. It is possible that she gains it while Sasuke is about to die (kind of like how Kakashi got the Sharingan from Obito). Another way would be to have a genetic clone (which would satisfy the condition of close blood ties) awaken a Mangekyou Sharingan and transplant it to Sarada. (Although the latter is highly improbable)


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Are the chances of a child inheriting Sharingan smaller if one of the parents isn't an Uchiha?
I know that Sarada possesses Sharingan, but since her mother isn't an Uchiha, was there any chance that she may not have inherited Sharingan?

Nah she has Uchiha blood flowing in her so she will inherent sharingan but to activate it she need experinace powerful emotion like anyone Uchiha.  I don't know but if maybe she lived in peaceful situation without war anything like normal civilian completely normal she might not active it but in even normal humans experience powerful emotions in our life's so she maybe will activate it and about if both parents aren't Uchiha their child can they inherite sharingan its like saying is it possible humans fly which bird does. Well my example is stupid but nope they can't. Unless they stole it.

Or transplant, cloning something like that.

You might notice that Sarada's Sharingan has only 1 "dot". iirc, Sasuke and Obito both awoke the Sharingan with 2 "dots" (later they grew 3, etc). So that could be the result of having a non-Uchiha mother; awaking the Sharingan at a lower growth stage.

@Jerry Madara only had 1 tomoe (dot) in his sharingan when he unlocked it as you can see in this video: https://youtu.be/pUm2VSmfeCE?t=23s

@Jerry:  It's also the case that Sasuke had one tomoe in one eye and two tomoe in the other while his was still developing.

I believe it is presumed that the Uchiha clan before their destruction bred from within, considering their seclusion and secrecy of affairs, in order to diminish the muddling of bloodlines and ensure generations that are able to possess the power. If you recall the early episodes of Boruto, there was a slight hint to the idea thay Sarada may not be able to unlock Sharingan, since she was so far ahead of her classmates and caught on to everything else at an early age. Two factors added to this fear: the first obvious, and the second relates to a village in peace does not create enough pain or passion to unlock the Sharingan (a harsh stipulation for such a strong power). Sarada felt outcast to her father for not gaining his abilities only to learn it was a lack of hardship that hindered her.  I believe the relationship between Sakura and Saske represents overcoming the fear of losing powers due to diluting them with other bloodlines, and proves that mixing blood(and thus abilities) allows for a stronger offspring, possesing abilities from both families.
So yes, there was an ancient fear she would not posses the Uchiha power stemming from a recluse family heritage but it was disproven.

There is a problem though regarding the way Kishimoto-san has built the world of Naruto, the said problem being the fact that the Kekkei Genkai don't seem to have any regard for Mendelian rules of genetics. As far as I know there are no known members of the Uchiha clan that don't possess the Sharingan(and by that I mean shinobi belonging to the Uchiha clan that have been explicitly stated that they don't possess the ability), so I suppose we can assume that every Shinobi with a parent belonging to the Uchiha clan possess the ability to awaken the Sharingan.
TL;DR: As far as we know so far there hasn't been any member of the Uchiha clan without a Sharingan, so I think it is safe to assume that Sarada having the Sharingan is pretty much guaranteed as long as one of the parents is an Uchiha.

Inheriting, yes. As this a bloodline limit, it is possible that the daughter of an Uchiha marries into another clan, and her child receives the gene.

I think the question you ask is kind of misleading. You want to know what the chances are that a kid born to non-Uchiha parents (both) can awaken the Sharingan. The answer to that is NO. Sharingan is a blood-line limit found in the Uchiha clan. If two non-Uchiha individuals married and had children, then the children won't be able to awaken the Sharingan.
In the case of Sasuke-Sakura, Sasuke is an Uchiha and Sakura is not. However, Sarada has the Uchiha gene in her DNA. Therefore Sarada is able to awaken her Sharingan
Now to answer your EXACT question about a child inheriting the Sharingan from two non-Uchiha parents is damn near impossible. But if the child were to get an eye from an Uchiha member by transplant, it would then be possible if the child were able to control chakra perfectly and redirect maximum chakra to the eye. Having said that, it is a known fact that the Sharingan drains the chakra reserves considerably. So even if the child inherited the Sharingan he wouldn't be able to use it like an Uchiha.

I don't think you're really answering the question as posed...

I suppose yes. Thanks for the heads-up. But I don't think that having one non-Uchiha parent affects the Sharingan awakening. It's quite evident from Sarada Uchiha awakening her Sharingan.


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How does an element-based Chakra release work?
Only a few specific people are able to release elements across their entire body to form Chakra modes of that nature. Examples being the Raikage and Kakuzu. The 3rd and 4th Raikage were able to pass Lightning Release across their entire bodies while Kakuzu could do the same with earth style.
What I'm trying to understand is why the Lightning release that the 3rd and 4th Raikage used never seemed to affect or harm them in any way. I'm asking this because During Sasuke vs Deidra, Sasuke did Lightning Release on his entire body and he took a lot of damage. But on the other hand, the 4th and 5th Raikage's could do this without any problems from coming in contact with the lightning.
Is there some kinda explanation as to why that is? I'm thinking that those 2 probably had a lot of immunity to lightning, but nothing like that has ever been mentioned before.
PS: All forms of Kekkai Genkai and Jinchuuriki are excluded from this conversation

I think Raikage use lightning style similar to chakra cloak which enhances mussel moment and reaction time. In Sasuke case he is using the lightning style to diffuse C_0 bomb which invaded his body at cellular level hence took damage.

It's easy: the Raikages use the Lightning Release as a cloak to increase their physical prowess when using Taijutsu or using any movements.
Meanwhile, Sasuke uses a Lightning Release technique like Chidori to attack himself to disintegrate the C0 Bomb that is already inside his body. When using Chidori, Chidori's lightning happens only outside the body, not inside. In order to disintegrate the C0 Bomb, Sasuke must channel his Chidori's lightning to all of his body including inside. Even though Sasuke is able to use Lightning Cloak Chakra Mode, it also happens only outside the body, not inside. So Sasuke must attack himself with Chidori to channel the lightning all over his body.


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Does Zoro still have his ankle scars from Little Garden?
In Chapter 133, Zoro appears to have received ankle scarring from Little Garden, yet in Chapter 239, there's no scarring, so does this mean the scarring wasn't permanent, or was it an error?

Probably just an error. There are many if you look carefully. Once I saw one of Luffy's hands have only four fingers.

The ankle scarring you see is on the left leg, which is not completely visible because of the clouds in the bottom image. Probably that's why we can't see it.
As per chapter-122 Page-20, we see that the sword on the left leg is blooded, so not sure whether the right leg was also scarred at that moment.


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What is the name of Misaka 10032's cat?
In episode 10 (Misaka Mikoto) Misaka 10032 finds a black cat. Touma tells her to choose a name for the cat, since she was the one who found it. She says that the cat will be called dog, which Touma dismisses, proposing that she chooses a "more majestic" name. So she says Tokugawa Ieyasu, which Touma dismisses as "too majestic". She than chooses Schrödinger, which, once again, Touma dismisses as being "a taboo for cats".

It was not clear to me which became the definitive name for the cat, although I have only seen up to episode 14.
Is it ever said, either in the anime or in the novels, which name ended up being chosen? Or did she end up not naming it?

It does not appear as though the viewer (or reader) is ever told the true name of Misaka 10032's cat in either the anime or the novels (though I didn't check the manga).
From a translation of the novel (volume 3):

"That's right! A name! This is your cat, so take responsibility and give it a name!"
(Some irrelevant stuff omitted)
"Dog."
"Hah?"
"Misaka is naming this black cat Dog. ...Dog even though it is a cat. Heh heh."
(Some irrelevant stuff omitted)
"...No, um...Please give it a more serious and dignified name that fits the type of animal it is."
"Then Tokugawa Ieyasu, says Misaka after reconsidering."
"That's too dignified! Wait, are you the kind of character that pretends to think about things but doesn't think at all!"
"Then what about Schrödinger?"
"Hell no! Even if it was just an example, some professor who would happily come up with a story about sticking a cat in a box and spraying poison gas inside couldn't have liked cats!"
In the end, they decided to name the cat later. However, Kamijou had a bad feeling that they would be unable to agree on a name later either and she would end up literally nicknaming the cat "Later".

It does not appear to be mentioned later whether or not they did agree to name the cat, and it is always referred to as "black cat" or simply "the cat". From the Toaru Kagaku no Index Wiki:

It is not known if Misaka 10032 has decided on a name for the cat. Furthermore, since all the tentative names given by Misaka 10032 can be used on males, it can be assumed that the cat is also male.


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Why is Tangelo Island named as such?
In Pokémon, there's an island named Tangelo Island. However, it's Japanese name translates to Bontan Island. There is another fruit called Pomelo, which in Japanese is said Buntan. Is this some pun on the name of the fruit? Also, Tangelo and Pomelo are quite different fruits:

Tangelo ^

Pomelo ^
Which one of these, if any, is grown there?

The tangelo is actually a hybrid of pomelo and another fruit. Just FIY, maybe it has something to do with the question.

Tangelo Island is situated in the Orange Archipelago, a series of islands in the Pokémon world, located south of the Kanto region. Each of these islands is tropical and generally warm, and many of them are named after fruits—particularly oranges (its namesake) and other citrus fruits:

Valencia Island (Valencia oranges)
Tangelo Island (the tangelo)
Mikan Island (the Japanese name for satsuma oranges)
Sunburst Island (sunburst tangerines)
Mandarin Island, North and South (Mandarin oranges)
Kinnow Island (the kinnow)
Navel Island (navel oranges)
Seven Grapefruit Islands (the grapefruit)
Golden Islands (possibly the Shonan Gold)
Murcott Island (a type of tangor)
Trovita Island (a type of navel orange)
Fairchild Island (the Fairchild mango)
Shamouti Island (another name for the Jaffa orange)
Ascorbia Island (named after ascorbic acid, a common acid in citrus fruits)
Butwal Island (the Butwal lemon(unable to find a link on this))
Kumquat Island (the kumquat)
Rind Island (another name for a fruit peel)
Pummelo Island (alternate spelling of pomelo)
Tarroco Island (a misspelling of "tarocco", a variation of the blood orange)
Hamlin Island (the Hamlin orange)

(Note: All of the above islands also have Japanese names, such as "Bontan Island" that you pointed out, which are also largely related to citrus and citrus fruits. Additionally, there are a handful of unnamed islands, and a few named after the basic elements as well.)
Pinkan Island is another island in this area, whose name is derived from the Japanese word for "citrus" (柑 kan), and which grows berries by the name of Pinkan Berries.

However, aside from Pinkan Island, none of the others appear to grow fruits that are related to their name. It does not appear as if Tangelo grows tangelos and Navel Island grows navel oranges, for example. There may be fruits growing on these islands, like the Pinkan Berry, but there is not a trend for each of the islands that has determined the names of the islands.
In fact, like you pointed out, the Japanese and English names often diverge quite significantly; the reason they are able to do this is that each island is not specifically named after what grows there.


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What is the magazine the Dark Lord reads?
In Hataraku Maou-sama!, there is a magazine that appears in the Dark Lord's apartment on more than one occasion. It seems to read something like "yoride-FF".

Is this any existing magazine, or a reference to some existing magazine, with a distorted name (like MgRonald)? If so, what is its genre/target audience/content?
Or is it a completely non-existing magazine?

Based on the textual factors, the magazine shown is very likely a reference to 月刊サンデージェネックス (Monthly Sunday Gene-X), which is also known as 月刊サンデーGX.
Let us have a closer look at the magazine in the picture:

"月刊" printed at the top, and "Monthly Yonday" printed vertically at the side of the spine of the magazine tell us that it is a monthly magazine.
The text at the bottom of the spine reads "Kougakukan", which is most likely a reference to Shougakukan (小学館), which is the publisher of the actual magazine 月刊サンデーGX.
The logo of the magazine (月刊ヨンデーFF) has close resemblance to the logo of 月刊サンデーGX. There is also the fact that there is only a difference of 1 Katakana, and how 2 English alphabet is used at the end of the name.

Logo is taken from http://sundaygx.com/

However, the logo as seen from the spine of 月刊サンデーGX magazine doesn't perfectly match up with the image from Hataraku Maou-sama. The screenshot below show how the spine of the magazine in 2006/2007 looks like (can't find a more recent image). The word 月刊 is separated from サ in the actual magazine, compared to the fictional magazine in Hataraku Maou-sama, where 月刊 is placed on top of ヨ. There might be a second reference here that I do not know of.

Image taken from http://blog-imgs-27-origin.fc2.com/n/a/0/na005/20070204-1.jpg


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What is the purpose of the watermelon in the ritual at the beach?
In the Zero no Tsukaima: Princesses no Rondo beach vacation OVA, the girls are told to perform an offering ritual to the Spirit of Water, using a watermelon.

The "ritual" later turns out to be some sort of game set up by Saito and the other boys. However, why did they choose a watermelon for it? Does it symbolize something specific?

This is just a game of watermelon splitting (スイカ割り). In anime and manga, it is common activity portrayed in the beach chapters. Generally, the game is also played at the beach in real life, but it may also be played in nursery/kindergarten/playground or at event venue.
The rules of the game is quite similar to piñata: the watermelon is laid out, and the participants will try to smash it open while blindfolded.
The 2 paragraph above are summarized from Wikipedia page, both English and Japanese version.
There is no significant symbolization here. It is just a game in Japan introduced by Saito to the denizen of Halkeginia. By using the reason "for the sake of the Spirits of Water", the principal (+ Saito) fools the girls to change into bikini from one-piece swimsuit. And since the game is played blindfolded, the boys can ogle at the girls body all they want without triggering the girls self-consciousness.


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Why doesn't anyone suspect that Sai could be a computer bot?
Hikaru makes Sai play Go over internet with the nickname "Sai". Sai is very powerful, and defeats everybody, even Meijin.
I don't know how to play Go very well, but I perceive that a computer algorithm that plays Go can be written easily. And I believe that there must be a lot of Go bots all over the real world currently.
Why doesn't anybody consider the probability that Sai could be a computer bot? I'm very surprised that it is not mentioned even once during the entire series. Is there a reason for this?

Actually, "Go" is an incredibly intricate game with a very high complexity (higher than chess). There are bots that can play "Go", but I don't think there are any that can beat even intermediately skilled humans.

Just to confirm about the level of computers in go. Bots in go made many progress in the last years (using Monte-Carlo algorithms). At the time of the manga, they were at kyu level (very weak). Today (June 2013), the best bots are at 4 or 5 dan (amateur) level (which is still weaker than an average insei for example).

One of the students at the Chinese insei school Isumi visited mentioned he was working on research for computer bots, actually. So it isn't as though they weren't mentioned in the series.

Firstly, the manga was released in 1998 which was just about when the Internet was exploding all across the world and the dot-com bubble taking shape. Similarly, the off-the-shelf hardware available at the time was a shadow (think 300 MHz Pentiums) of what is available now. Things were far different back then than they are now.
Secondly, while it might be possible for computer algorithms that play Go to be written reasonably easily, algorithms that seemingly play Go well is exponentially complex. If you consider Deep Blue, the chess engine that beat Kasparov 2-1 (out of six games played) in 1997, it used racks of cutting edge hardware calculating 200 million positions a second, and intricately tuned software specifically built for the purpose by IBM. It didn't exactly overpower him. In terms of board size, possible moves and combinations, Go is far more complex and demanding than chess and it would have been extremely unlikely for any 1998 desktop software to be able to match Go grandmasters of the time.
Lastly, incorporating cheating and other negative elements of real life was unnecessary to the story and would have hamstrung one of the objectives of the manga, that being the aim to popularise the game of Go.

What follows is not a real answer (I believe the accepted answer is correct), but more an interesting side note.
Sai played go on internet. But Sai is a purely fictional manga character.
However, in 2003 - 2004 on a real go server (KGS), a strong opponent appeared and had a 100% win ratio. He won also against some professional players. His name was "Tartrate".
Actually, after some time he lost a few games, but these losses were on time, or occurred during simultaneous games. Note that KGS is not really a "strong" server, so that even if the best players on KGS are professional, they are not the best professional players. But still, Tartrate managed to get an impressive winning streak.
The identity of Tartrate was kept secret, and actually it was only revealed in 2009. So at that time (2003 - 2004 and later until 2009) many players wondered who he could really be. There were many gossips and a web page was created in order to figure out what could Tartrate's real identity be.
Some people even claimed he was Sai (more as a joke than a real hypothesis).
Nobody would believe (seriously) this user was a computer bot. The reason is that at that time the best bots were still at kyu level.
Even today (June 2013), the best bots are at 4 dan or 5 dan amateur level (which is still weaker than an average insei for example).
Also, another interesting anecdote on this topic is "the shodan bet". An amateur player ranked first kyu made a bet of 1000$ with a friend that he would not be beaten by a computer player before 2011. He had to play a series of games against a computer in 2010 and won the bet. However, in 2012 (after the bet deadline), he lost 3-1 against another computer.
The web page about this bet gives some information about computer bots.


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Are there any episodes of Digimon that weren't dubbed to English?
During Season 2 there's a scene where Izie (I think) is explaining how the last Digidestined gave up their crests to restore the world. However, I don't ever remember seeing that. The only time I remember seeing them lose their crests was when the Tags and Crests were destroyed in the last episode of the first season, and they realize that the real Crests had always been inside them.
I'm wondering if there was an OVA or something that takes place between the first and second seasons where the digital world is brought to ruin and the Digidestined have to give up their crests to restore it.

You mean dubbed into English, right?

@JNat yeh, i'll update the question

There is no OVA, all you get is a narrated flashback.
In season 2 ep 27 Izzy tells the new Digidestined about how the original eight went to the Digital World and spoke with Jeni. Jeni instructed them to, "release the powers that protect the Digital World". This meant releasing the powers of the crests, from within themselves, in order the defeat the darkness and spread, "a coating of goodness" over the world. This brought peace and beauty to the Digital World.
Even though the crests were destroyed, the power of the crests still remained inside of the Digidestined. It was that power that was released.


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Is the "wakakusa" ad a references to something?
In episode 4, there is an ad for "強力わかくさ" or "strong green/fresh grass."

Is this a reference/parody to something (out-of series reference), like the "Dogs Playing Pool" in the background of episode 3 at the pool hall? If so, to what?

The pose itself seems to be a reference to a similar billboard ad from the American Sci-fi movie Blade Runner. In this ad, a woman dressed as a Geisha is holding a pill in a similar way to the image above. The dress is similar for both characters, as is the object being held.

You can watch the ad here.
The ad plays several times throughout the movie. The image is followed by the text 強力わかもと, which is not exactly the same as the Uchouten Kazoku text but is close enough to be fairly sure this is the reference. I'm not sure what わかくさ means here. It could be 若草 (green/fresh grass) but my best guess is that they changed the name just enough that it would avoid violating copyrights but still be recognizable.
The Blade Runner ad is itself a reference to the product 強力わかもと (Strong Wakamoto), which is a gastrointestinal drug to aid with digestion produced by わかもと製薬 (Wakamoto Pharmaceutical) (ja.wikipedia link).


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What are these three references from episode 9?
In episode 9, there are these three references I didn't get:

The first one is around minute 5, when Tomoko goes to see Yuu-chan at her uncle's café. She sees the names of two cakes ("Tarte Chiboust au Caramel" and "Bijou des Rois"), and then says this:

The second is around minute 15, when Tomoko is cleaning her stuff up. She wonders why her brother is trying to be better than her at everything, then says the following:

She then says "I'm gonna make him cry for this."

The third one is around minute 17, when Tomoko is cleaning her stuff up and finds the cicada shells. She remembers why they were there, says "A memory best left forgotten", and then:

What do these three different situations refer to?

Fujiya (不二家) and Ginza Cozy Corner (銀座コージーコーナー), Japanese pastry/cake shop franchises
Kenshiro, from Fist of the North Star, for the Big Dipper
Shoko-tan, for her cicada-based fashion


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What's the significance of the 'w' finger position in Elfen Lied?
I've noticed that in the opening sequence, and the big climactic moment at the very end of the season, Lucy has her hands on the figure's back with the ring/middle fingers together and the other two fingers separated in a 'w' sort of shape.
Is this a symbol of love, a reference to Gustav Klimt (like the paintings) or something else?
I've also noticed it on the cover of the 3rd Vampire Bund Omnibus.

She's representin the west-side west coast

@JonLin she hit em up!

It's likely to be a homage to the work of El Greco, who used this hand symbol in his various works.
Like this one titled The Gentleman with His Hand at His Breast

or Christ Carrying the Cross

The meaning of this gesture is subject to much debate...
Some hypothesis indicate that:

The hand gesture is a secret sign indicating that the gentleman is a Marrano -- a crypto-Jew who accepted Christian baptism in order to remain in Spain after the Catholic Kings' order of 1492 that all Jews leave Spain;

The gesture indicates a Loyolan/Jesuit spirituality that calls for the sinner to place his/her hand on their chest after committing a sin as a sign of moral pain. Both of these theories have been discussed at length in academic circles without, however, formal acceptance of either, though at least one academic allows that the hand "assumes the function of an important communication, a personal avowal."

So like a religious connotation, like something sacred? I imagine it's used in the vampire bund to be more of a cool thing than in Elfin Lied

It has been suggested the M symbol of the fingers refers to Mary Magdalene and the theory that they had a child. Knights Templar order and all that. Famous portrait (posthumous) of Christopher Columbus shows his fingers in this arrangement, various statues and paintings also show hands arranged this way. It's rather curious as it's not a natural way to hold your fingers. Some people say the Statue of Liberty, the hand holding the tablet also shows this arrangement. The Freemasons were involved in many of these things and it's said they are what remains of the Templars.

Do you have any sources for these claims?

Scott Wolter's America Unearth show on the History Channel. http://www.history.com/shows/america-unearthed/season-3/episode-12?cmpid=MRSS_tvguide_HIS and the book "The Templar Revelation: Secret Guardians of the True Identity of Christ" by Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince. A little google search will find other stuff.

The hand gesture Lucy makes in official art and during the opening is prevalent in Loyolan/Jesuit spirituality, wherein those who commit sins are to place their hands on their chest with the middle and ring fingers joined to show moral pain and/or remorse for their actions.

This answer does not add anything that isn't mentioned in the currently accepted one already.


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Is there any way to kill Alucard?
I'm pretty sure that people have tried every way possible to try it, but still he remained alive and kicking.
In Hellsing Ultimate: Episode 2, when Luke Valentine says he will prove that Alucard's immortality is a myth, Alucard replies that there is no such thing as immortality.
I did not really understand whether there are any limits to his so-called immortality, or maybe nobody knew whether there were any? Is there a way to permanently 'kill' Alucard?

After the final episode, when Alucard returns after consuming Schrodinger and killing every other soul in his consciousness, he is, as described by Schrodinger, everywhere and nowhere, both alive and dead but at the same time neither. He can exist wherever he wishes, and thus theoretically speaking, he could exist inter-dimensionally, as well physically and consciously, implying that no, he cannot ever be killed. He will exist forever.

If you assume that Alucard is immortal based on the fact that he has Schrodinger's powers, does that mean that you also must assume that Schrodinger himself is still alive?

This wiki has the following note about Alucard's immortality (may contain some spoilers):

Immortality: This ability is rather ambiguous, as Alucard, himself has stated that immortality is a myth. However, what it most likely refers to is the human souls inside Alucard; it has been speculated that, when damaged by blow that would have killed or incapacitated him such as exceedingly holy weapons, the damage is instead directed to his reservoir of souls. Because this ability does not really grant him true immortality, it can be considered as pseudo-immortality. However, after "Monster of God" Anderson destroyed the rest of Level 0, Alucard was still able to regenerate on par with him. (This was on par with Alucard before releasing Level 0).  However, the "soul count" theory is just a fan theory, and has never been definitively proven. It was also specualted by Anderson that this was the reason for him not being able to kill Alucard. Alucard may have kept at least a few souls in his body to use for regeneration after releasing level 0.

Since there is no official answer to this, I would describe ALucard, as the wikipedia page does: Alucard is the closest thing to immortal. This is a perfect description that suits him well, until it is revealed is he really immortal, or not.

Still, If he's not immortal then there's must be a way to kill him.

@Hashirama, by definition, yes. But I still wouldn't mess with him ;)

While people believe that Alucard is immortal, he says that he isn't, and we are later shown that this is because the only reason he is back from the dead is because he uses the enormous supply of souls he has absorbed throughout his unlife. However, at the end, he may have gained the ability to revive freely thanks to Schrodinger's powers.
By saying that he is not immortal, he may have meant that a being that is immortal doesn't mean it would be capable of handling such a fate and would wish to be killed. This side is greatly shown in the series where even Alucard himself wishes to be killed though by a person he sees as worthy.
Based on the current information, the only time Alucard was said to be mortal was when he released every soul inside him as an army, which made it impossible for him to use them to revive himself. However, this happened before he gained Schrodinger's powers. So unless more information is shown, the best guess is that Alucard can revive without limit now (like how Schrodinger did when he was shot 2 times but didn't die and reappeared fully healed, only to die when he willingly sacrificed himself in an effort to kill Alucard).
To know more please check the wiki. I am assuming all of this based on the information given and my own ideas. However, I believe this is the best description of Alucard's immortality as of yet.

Alucard sounds semi-immortal, unlike true immortals, who will never ever die, Alucard can indeed die, so long as he wishes it, or if he is killed by some kind of immortal slaying weapon (for example, supernatural weapons specifically designed to kill semi-immortal beings). The best way to defeat an immortal is by sealing them, basically separating them from the physical world, either by magic, or by placing in a burial chamber which they cannot escape from. However, while Alucard, an omnipresence being, can be sealed, it would require extensive planning.

Based on my knowledge of watching Hellsing Ultimate remember so many people try to kill him like Luke Valentine, polices, Walter and many other but the only one exceeded was the Major. Anyways he returned 30 years later. Just because Alucard is immortal doesn't mean these no way to kill him and he said " Only a human can kill me." I believe the only person can kill Alucard is his own master Sir Integra, this is my opinion but everyone has different opinions about is there ways to kill Alucard.

Except he already lost his identity when he first consumed schrodinger? He wasn't aware that he existed yet he still came back. Which leads me to believe Alucard is definitely immortal as long as he wishes to be. He can not be killed. On the higher being part when Anderson absorbed the helena nail that's almost like the power of God yet he won still. This leads me to believe Alucard is immortal.


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Why was Mamimi bullied for her shoes?
In the anime (episode 2) it is shown that Mamimi is bullied, and apparently has her shoes taken away from her. I understand she is probably bullied due to being odd, but why did they take her shoes of all things? it seems bizarre to me.
As seen in the anime itself:

In Japanese schools, typically they have set of outdoor street shoes and indoor shoes called "Uwabaki." Inside, there are typically individual shelves or lockers for everyone's shoes. These shelves/lockers will occasionally have a space for students to put and swap their outdoor shoes for their indoor shoes. This is typically done to keep the floor from being marred by outside elements and maintain its polish for a longer period of time.
The general idea (depicted in anime and manga) of bullying is to either steal them (and toss them away or place them in an inconvenient place) or fill them with tacks or garbage (sometimes also defacing them). The purpose is usually humiliate them and/or cause them distress without actual confrontation. The sandals she wears are probably her indoor shoes, and the idea is probably to take enjoyment in humiliating her by making her walk home without shoes or in her indoor shoes. In essence, the idea of this is to shame the bullied victim (who typically react passively), who loses dignity/"face", which elevates the ego/status of the bully or bullies.

кяαzєя♦'s answer, while good in most regards, seems to be missing the convenience aspect. In anime, and possibly in real Japanese schools, these shoe lockers are often not locked, and sometimes are just open shelves as seen in the second image below.

source: https://gowithguide.com/blog/welcome-to-the-japanese-school-visiting-is-believing-shoe-lockers-3496
Though I can't speak much to real Japanese schools, in anime, these lockers are almost always not locked, thus making the shoes inside an easy and convenient target for bullies.
See also:
https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/UsefulNotes/InsideShoes
https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StockShoujoBullyingTactics


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How does Illya overpower Alter Saber's Excalibur with her traced version?
A traced Noble Phantasm should be one rank below that of the original.
How was Illya able to overcome the difference in power?
Clearly she traced Excalibur and not Caliburn.

@Valvatorez: I don't think there is anything in the manga that directly says so, but I am not surprise if that is the case, since Miyu is confirmed to be a grail vessel (?) in Drei, and both Miyu and Ilya has the same ability to Install cards directly.

@nhahtdh in the wiki it says Ilya was born to be utilized in Heaven's Feel and that Ilya's magical ability was sealed when Kiritsugu and Irisviel decided not to go though with it, since the alternate reality is that the 4th war is actually the first, Ilya's purpose in the ritual may have been the same as Justeaze Lizrich von Einzbern and that was to become the core of the ritual

It would appear that Archerko Illya traced Excalibur and overloaded it with prana turning it into a Broken Phantasm. Which raises the weapon's rank by one.
One would assume that the two Excaliburs would cancel each other out, but Saber Alter, unlike the typical Saber only has an Magic Resistance of Rank B since her Alignment is Lawful Evil, which might make her more vulnerable to the effects of Excalibur.

She was able to accomplish this through her stored mana. She's like Sakura, and Avenger, a (Psudo)Holy Grail to put it simply


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Who are these bunny girls from Gurren Lagann referencing?
I stumbled over this scene from Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann (EP6) again and realized it contains a lot more references than I initially realized.
The bunny girls seem to reference characters from other Gainax shows. I recgonize some of them as listed below, but for some I have no idea. I'm also not sure which ones are references at all and which ones are just generic; maybe I labelled too many. The labels are consistent over all pictures.

Nono (Diebuster)
Asuka (Neon Genesis Evangelion)
Lal'C (Diebuster)
Mahoro (Mahoromatic) thanks ʞɹɐzǝɹ and Jon Lin
Rei (Neon Genesis Evangelion)
Probably Anna (He is my master) thanks Jon Lin
Aki (Abenobashi) thanks ʞɹɐzǝɹ and Jon Lin
Reiko (Gunbuster) thanks Jon Lin
Jung (Gunbuster)
?
Misato (Neon Genesis Evangelion)
Maybe Owner (Ebichu) or Yukino (His and Her Circumstances) thanks Jon Lin
A second Jung?
Maybe Izumi (He is my master) or Miyuki (Mahoromatic) thanks Jon Lin

4 is Mahoro from Mahoromatic.

@ʞɹɐzǝɹ Thanks! Guess I didn't find her, because it's a joint between Gainax and Shaft.

7 is Ms. Aki from Abenobashi.

@ʞɹɐzǝɹ haha, indeed, thanks again. 4 and 7 are the two I surely expected to be non-generic because they were so prominently shown. The rest I might be willing to accept as portraying no one in particular. Then again, 8 has this distinctive hair clip,  maybe I'll go look again myself.

That's the most excited-looking Rei I've ever seen... and the bustiest Asuka...

@Clockwork-Muse yeah, Rei is frighteningly out of character. The boobs are pretty uniform, I guess they wanted to be fair ;) The scene also has some serious gainaxing. That would've been difficult for some, if they kept the canon sizes.

@mivilar maybe not, remember there is a Rei who's far more social than the regular one. we see her at the end of the original Evangelion Anime where we see that alternate universe where Shinji and Asuka are siblings and there's no Evas

4 is Mahoro Ando from Mahoromatic
6, Anna Kurauchi (He is my Master) is the only prominent GAINAX character I know with that color hair and hairstyle
7 is Aki from Abenobashi
8 is Reiko Kashiwara from Gunbuster
10 ???
12 possibly the "Owner" from Ebichu or Yukino from His and Her Circumstances because she sometimes wears her hair that way
14 possibly Sakura Miyuki from Mahoromatic?

Most likely they're just random girls as there's really nothing that can accurately identify them like clothing or eye color.

Thanks! I added the info above. Do you happen to have a picture of Yukino with her hair that far back? I couldn't really find one (Maybe this?).
In any case, I agree that many might be random girls. I'll leave this running for a bit longer but if no one else jumps in I'll accept your answer.

@mivilar Well, ones similar to that, where she's got her bangs kind of pulled back with a hair band.


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What is the color of the State Alchemist pocket watch?
So in my re-reading of the Fullmetal Alchemist series I remember them describing the State Alchemist issue pocket watch as being golden in color. But then in the both of the animes they show the pocket watch as being silver. Why is this different? And what is the true color of the pocket watch?

I never remember reading that the watch was gold. Do you know what chapter this was in?

The correct color of the watch is silver.
A popular fan scanlation of the manga (volume 1, chapter 3, page 19) incorrectly states that the pocket watch is gold in color.

Third panel down on the left: "The president's crest! The hexagram gold watch!"
The correct color is in fact silver, according to the raw version. Here is the same panel, taken from the raw manga (volume 1, page 117).

The same panel as above reads:

大総統｛だいそうとう｝紋章｛もんしょう｝に六芒星｛ろくぼうせい｝の銀時計｛ぎんとけい｝！！

Specifically here, the term 銀時計｛ぎんとけい｝ (gintokē, lit. "silver watch") refers explicitly to 銀｛ぎん｝ (gin, lit. "silver"); as @Memor-X mentioned, it is similar to 金｛きん｝ (kin, lit. "gold"), which most likely led to the confusion.

The Wikia pages indicates it is a silver pocketwatch.
Looking up Brotherhood's differences from the manga, while Brotherhood follows the manga more faithfully than the 2003 series, most of the changes are omission of the scenes which are covered in the 2003 series, with some slight changes in other scenes due to the aforementioned omissions.
For example, May Chang's first appearance was in Youswell in the Manga, but since this was omitted in Brotherhood as the main points of the events (Yoki being tricked, people of Youswell gaining ownership to the deed of their town, and the start of Ed's fame as "Hero of the people") were already covered in the 2003 anime, the dialogue during her second visit was changed to avoid confusion.
There doesn't seem to be any mention of either the 2003 series of Brotherhood changing the pocketwatch's composition, but instead only the change in the hexagram presumably as to not invoke Judaism. However, I have yet to read the manga and just looking at the covers, the most we can ever see is the silver chain which the watch is connected to.

I also want to point out that, Gold in Japanese is Kin (金), while Silver is Gin (銀). It could be quite possible that the translation may have made a mistake. However, without seeing the pages myself, this part is just speculation.

The pocket watch is in fact gold according to the English translation of the manga. Yoki mentions this in chapter 3 of volume 1 saying: "A gold watch with the president's crest and the hexagram!! GAH!" After Ed introduces himself in the Inn by showing them the watch. It would be very interesting to find out which side the mistake was made on, translation or the anime and all colored artwork. :) I was wondering about this too for some time but couldn't find anything on it online.

Everything I've ever read or heard of Fullmetal Alchemist has always described it as silver, though.  What source do you reference to prove that?

It's a mistranslation. The raw manga explicitly says 銀時計 (gintokei) meaning "silver watch". (Volume 1, chapter 3, pg. 117.)


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What happened to Goku's "Dragon Balls"?
In the Dragon Ball Z: Super Android 13! movie, when Goku is fighting with Super Android 13, there is a scene that showed Super Android 13 punching Goku in the dragon.. uhmm... genitals.
Caution: This picture can cause unexpected pain in the crotch!
Watch it at your own risk.
Is there any evidence that Goku managed to produce Goten before that fight?
Because I have a doubt about whether he could use them ever again.
Are the two circles in the picture (that appear to be torn apart) something else?

I came here from the main page, and was wondering if the Q was about genitals... seems the hunch was right. But puns aside, is there any source proving that these were really his genitals pictured?

He likely couldn't use them anymore. But this happened in a completely different timeline not canon to the anime or manga so it has no effect on the main story

Considering the vast possibility of Goku eating a sensu bean after that, we can assume he regrew anything that was damaged. We also know that Goku is an alien. Although he looks human, he might not have balls there. Or balls at all. But if he does, like young Goku sometimes shown, he doesn't really use them that much :D

you are mistaken. in the original dragon ball when goku was still young his genitals were shown many times :P


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Does Reika return later in the series?
At the end of episode 22 of Ginga e Kickoff!, we see that Reika, after a devastating game, has come down with a fever and is being cared for by her parents at home indefinitely.

Watching episode 23, we barely hear anything about her, except that she has gone off to her family's villa.

Does Reika return later in the series?

Yes, She does come back in Episode 26 . They go to her villa to train I think.
Here is the plot for that episode. Hope this helps
http://gingaekickoff.wikia.com/wiki/Episode_26


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Kirito's "light-saber" versus bullets
The first time we see a bullet hit Kirito's light-saber the bullet melts. Next episode we see this happen again although this time the sword cuts the bullet in 2 half's. How is this possible?
Episode 5

Episode 6

I was wondering if it could be something due to the widths of the bullet, but a .50cal (bullet, not cartridge!) is only about 12.7mm wide, or a third again wider than a standard 9mm.

Lordmau5's theory is quite interesting, but it doesn't quite match the visual appearance of the sword as described in the light novel.

I stared at it for a while, and found that the sword itself didn’t
  have any direction as the entire circular section was just like a long and
  thin cylinder.

* From Sword Art Online Volume 5 - Chapter 6, after Kirito bought the sword and activated it for a test run.
The corresponding scene in the light novel (also in Volume 5 - Chapter 6) doesn't say anything about the bullets melting:

The enemy’s rifle’s muzzle suddenly let out an orange spark.
During this time, the blade of the light saber blocked the lines of
  the first and second bullets with pinpoint accuracy.
*BA-BAM!!* The surface of the light saber let out two bright
  orange sparks. The moment I noticed this, my right arm immediately
  pointed the photon sword onto the third and fourth bullet lines at a
  lightning quick speed. Then, the sound of the bullets being deflected off
  the intense energy could be heard again.
[...]
5...and that’s the 6th one! After deflecting all the bullets that could
  have hit me successfully, I kicked the ground hard with all I’ve got to
  cover the remaining distance between us.

The next scene (where his opponent ran out of ammo and had to change magazine) starts right after the text cited above. Therefore, the scene in episode 5 of SAO II is most likely something added in the anime to explain how the bullets are neutralized and to impress viewers, since the viewer can't see how Kirito neutralize the bullets if the scene is animated at real world speed.
The bullet being cut in half in episode 6 is actually described in Volume 5 - Chapter 7, though:

From the Hecate’s large muzzle break came orange flames.
  On the other side, the blue white lightning cut through the dusk
  darkness.
Shining like shooting stars, two small lights split to the left and
  right, flying far away.
[...]
It was cut apart.
At the moment the bullet fell to the ground, Kirito’s lightsaber
  slashed upwards, and cut the 50-caliber bullet that was supposed to be
  a fatal hit. The two shooting stars that Sinon saw, were fragments of
  the bullet that were cut by the high concentration energy blade, and
  flew pass either side of Kirito behind him.

Note that it doesn't say anything about the bullet being cleanly split in half as shown in the anime.
I couldn't find any explanation on how the sword works in the light novel, though, and with so little information, we can only guess why the light saber would deflect bullet in one scene, and cut the bullet in half in another.

But then if it at all obey real world physics, all of the bullet would just bounce off due to the leidenfrost effect.

@DarkDestry: Right, but the light novel seems to treat the light saber as an extremely durable sword. (Well, there is an experiment showing the katana can cut bullet, and I assume deflecting bullet is also possible). Anyway, trying to offer real life explanation to a fictional weapon is not going to work, since we need to speculate how the weapon is made feasible.

@nhahthd Yes it is proven that a blade can split a bullet, and I agree with your conjecture. But then to all of SAO's depiction of possible repercussions of virtual reality technology, this just seem like a bad plot hole. Or one plausible explanation is that the VRMMO package - the seed, has its weapon basis built upon bladed swords and not cylindrical plasma beams which can cause projectiles to behave differently in different circumstances, such as when the "beam" is angled differently. Just my theory here...

It could be possible that the light-saber isn't a full cylinder, but more sword-like.
It's kinda hard to explain, but I'll try anyway:

If you take a look at this sword I found on Google images (I literally just googled for "sword"), you can see that the front of it is wider.
The edges of the sword are thin and sharp, so it can properly cut.
Therefore, my theory is that Kirito blocked the bullet with the wider side in Picture 1, whereas he cut the bullet with the edge of the sword in Picture 2.

One could argue the shape of the bullet/it’s velocity could have an effect on how the bullet would react when coming in contact with the photon blade. From my understanding, 9mm slugs have a rounded head, and fire much slower from a hand gun/smg than a .50 caliber round from a sniper rifle. The 9 mm bullet is designed to mushroom on impact for fragmentation. The  .50 caliber bullet as far as I know is meant to punch a whole clean through without the fragmentation. So if you think about the way the bullet reacts to hitting its target, it makes sense that the 9mm bullet would be batted off, and the .50 cal would be sliced in two because it would be pushing/cutting past the “blade” and the 9 mm would develop wider surface area as it mushroomed on impact. The heat from the photonsaber probably kept it from breaking into a ton of tiny metallic shrapnel bullets on impact as well.

You may want to also address the question of why one melted and the other didn't.

The most likely case is that because in the first situation Kirito's blade was standing still it melted while in the second it was in motion causing it to cut in half

Well, this is certainly what I imagine to be a possible explanation. In the first one, the blade is not standing still (it's just that the scene is slowed down so viewer can see what's happening), but the bullet is close to the source. The second case we don't see what is happening, but it's probably cut by somewhere near the tip of the sword?

He is changing at the guy who is shooting at him, not standing still.

I was referring to kirito's light saber not kirito himself. - Alagaros

Theory: the saber is actually a sword but it is re-textured. It looks like a cylinder because it generates a light through the whole sword.


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What was inside Yuuko's wallet?
Mio was carrying Yuuko's wallet in her bag for some reason (why?). Then the moment comes and Mio realizes that the wallet is not there. They go to the lost and found department. They found the wallet and we see inside of it as in the screen shot below. Yuuko's day is ruined after see that paper and the green thing inside.
What was that paper and the green substance that put Yuuko in such a bad mood?

Inside the wallet:

Yuuko's mood for the entire day after this event:

(Location: Episode 12; at the beginning of the second half.)

( ͡° ʖ̯ ͡°) It's a piece of snakeskin and a receipt from a store in front of a certain station she frequents.
The wallet is Yuuko's because she identified it by the color and unique contents (the snakeskin). The empty face is one of shock and perhaps angst because all her money is gone. The gag here is not the contents but her reaction after looking in her wallet.
In Japan, there is a superstition that goess if you put the cast-off skin of a snake into your wallet, your wallet will be able to accumulate more money. In Japan and other asian countries as well, snakes are a traditional symbol of money and wealth (amongst other things), in Japanese myth some notable ones associated with snake gods are Ugajin and Benzaiten.

Can you please explain more? Was that a similar wallet and she thought that it was hers? Or did someone else used her money and bought some snake skin? If so, why the hell would someone buy snake skin with the money inside a wallet he finds on the street, then puts it in the wallet and gives the wallet to the lost and found office? I can't understand the joke behind this.

@hkBattousai The snake skin was Yuuko's. It was in the wallet before. To clarify: When Yuuko gave her wallet to Mio to hold onto for safekeeping, it contained 3 things: receipt + snake skin + money. When Yuuko found her wallet at the lost and found, it contained only 2 things: receipt + snake skin. Evidently, the thief ignored the two useless things and opted to only take the money.

To answer your side question about why Mio was carrying Yuuko's wallet in her bag:
Yuuko gave it to Mio to hold onto for safekeeping purposes, because Yuuko thought that she would just lose it if she held onto it herself. She mentions this in an earlier scene:


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What is Chihiro's father eating?
In the scene where Chihiro's parents start pigging out,

We see Chihiro's father eating some soft, almost gelatinous blob that seems to have fins or something.
Is this an actual food item? If so, what is it? If not, is it based off any real life dishes?

At first i thought it was chicken but the "fins" are too close to be the wings and legs

I'm not aware of any creature with a shape like that, although I'm not a biologist.  It's unusual for animals to be shaped like that in general, though.  Maybe it's something native to the spirit world?

I think it'd be better to give a read circle to the object u're asking.

It appears that the food was noted as "lamb stomach" (haggis or similar) at the Studio Ghibli Layout Designs exhibitions.

The "fins" are where the haggis is sewn or tied.
On page 220 of the exhibition catalogue, the following description is given about the food in question:

中に汁気たっぷりの
具がつまっている
外の皮はやわらかく
まるでトロトロの小羊の
胃袋のよう

While the description doesn't tell us the name of the food, it likens it to, and probably is, a lamb stomach.
Then on September 19, 2020, Spirited Away's key animator, Hiromasa Yonebayashi, tweeted that the food as written in the storyboard was Coelacanth's stomach (thanks to кяαzєя for bringing this to my attention). However, in the responses to the tweet, people pointed out that this information was never published in Studio Ghibli Storyboards Volume 13: Spirited Away, and what was published, in the aforementioned Studio Ghibli Layout Designs, contradicts his answer. Considering that in the anime production process, the layout designs come after the storyboards, Yonebayashi's answer recited from memory might have been revised later on. In light of the observations made above, and of the available images of haggis and a hypothetical dish of Coelacanth's stomach, I am more inclined to believe that the food Chihiro's father was eating was lamb stomach.
By the way, you can see the reconstructed food on display at the Ghibli Park.

Addendum
Perhaps you've been told that the food is ba-wan, a Taiwanese street food. Perhaps you've been told that the town from Spirited Away is modeled after Jiufen, a tourist attraction in Taiwan. They are at best misinformation and at worst disinformation propagated by travel agencies and shopkeepers to increase sales. Hayao Miyazaki has denied twice, once in the TVBS news interview, and once more in the CTi news interview that Jiufen was an inspiration for the film's settings. What were really the inspirations and/or models for the settings are listed in this well-researched article: the Dougo Onsen, the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum and Meguro Gajoen being the officially confirmed places.

how can he use chopstick to eat that. . .  that food looks heavy -_-

@NamikazeSheena Chopsticks can pick up anything.

ha . . . i don't have that kind of arm strenght. are they wrapped with actual lamb stomach ?

Wow, I expected the Lamb's stomach, Haggis to look different when watching Spirited Away. I've always wanted to know what the dad was eating....but it looks straight up nasty. But hey! you never know, unless you try it right?

https://twitter.com/MaroYonebayashi/status/1307128080725684224 An senior Ghibili animator, Hiromasa Yonebayashi, seems to indicate that it was supposed to be the stomach of a coelacanth.

@кяαzєя I am confused. Was it originally supposed to be the stomach of a coelacanth in the storyboard and they dropped the idea or not?

It was not in the storyboards according to the animator. But noted to probably from the sketches by Miyazaki: https://twitter.com/MaroYonebayashi/status/1307154347373989892

No it's called Ba-wan. That's what it is.. There are tons of links that will tell you. https://www.buzzfeed.com/christinalan/heres-how-to-eat-everything-youve-ever-wanted-fr

If you read the accepted answer, you'll read that it has been conclusively shown that it is NOT Ba-wan and you've been misinformed.

Rather than just linking to the external site, could you include the relevant content from that site here? We prefer if the answers here are complete to avoid link-rot and to make answers here complete. Link-only answers are not considered good answers even if they're correct. http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/8231/are-answers-that-just-contain-links-elsewhere-really-good-answers


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Where can I find the copyright owner of the anime? Do I really need it for fan products?
I’m recently thinking about creating enamel pins so I can make some money and save up, but since I want to design the pin with anime’s such as Toilet Bound Hanako kun and Cardcaptor Sakura, I am afraid that I will get sued for making fan products.
Do we really need the copyright owner to approve if it is just a fan product?

For legal questions such as these, it is always good to contact a copyright lawyer in your country. Laws regarding fair use, copyrights and the likes differ per country, and a copyright lawyer should be more than capable of answering your questions. And this answer should not be seen as legal advice.
Beyond that, yes, you'd likely need a license. And should contact the original IP holder (or their legal departments) to obtain it see also Who do I contact regarding rights licenses of specific manga/anime characters?
To quote sharur's answer on Law.SE addressing the creation of fan-made merchandise of the game Overwatch.

... This is exactly the situation that IP law (e.g. copyright and trademark) was created to address. Blizzard created the game and so they have rights to control and benefit from derivatives there of. There are some exceptions, but prints, buttons, and keychains are not likely to meet the requirements for those.

Additionally, you can also take a look at Printing copyrighted logos on t-shirts/jackets/apparel without permission: in which situations is it legal? which covers another angle on a similar idea.

Legally, you will almost definitely need a license. In fact, pretty much all fan merch (including fanart) is technically illegal or at least in a legal gray area - there is little preventing companies with copyright ownership from striking down on such things, other than bad publicity.
That said, there is a general unspoken agreement, especially for Japanese anime and manga, that companies will turn a blind eye to small-scale operations* (like doujinshi, or some con-goer selling a few dozen postcards of fanart), as those will mostly help spread word-of-mouth and generally cannot serve to meaningfully replace official tat.
Problems occur with:

Large-scale operations
Unofficial merch with official art
When someone explicitly seeks permission from the copyright holder.

1 should be obvious - large scale operations, particularly of merch (less so with doujinshi or fanfiction, insofar as they can be "large-scale"), may significantly threaten the profits of the copyright holder by replacing their own merch of the same type.
2, in addition to more flagrant infringement, has the possibility of fooling people into thinking that they are official.
3 is a bit complicated - if the copyright holder gives explicit permission without a license, even to a pure-intentioned fan, apparently it may weaken their legal position when an actually problematic copyright infringement issue occurs. Thus, upon such inquiries, companies are often forced to make a public statement that selling fan creations are not allowed - which has caused cancellations of multiple single-work conventions.
In short, technically you do need a license (and I don't expect Kodansha or such to give out licenses to individual fans), but practically companies will typically not bother fans selling fan art pins or such merch in a small scale - although as with all unspoken rules, YMMV.
However, if you plan on using official art or sell on an industrial level, you may find yourself in some trouble.
*As an aside, this legal limbo is part of why you will often find unscrupulous merchants stealing fanart and slapping them on their merch to brazenly sell online or at cons - their dubious legal position makes artists hesitant to seek recourse.


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What is the other Carillon broken at the background?
I noticed that the wikipedia page for Shuumatsu Nani Shitemasu ka? Isogashii desu ka? Sukutte Moratte Ii desu ka? / SukaSuka / WorldEnd is simply inaccurate. It states that Willem Kmetsch (Willem Kumesh in FgilanTranslation) wields Senioris and Insania. However the statement does conflict with the following facts in the Novel:

Volume 4 Chapter 4: It is stated that Willem specifically only capable of activating mass produced Carillons/Dug Weapons.
He wields Lapidemsibilus temporarily on the novel. Specifically at Volume 4.
Willem never wields Senioris / Seniolis in his active day as Quasi-Brave.

 He does wield Senioris at the end of Volume 5 of the novel - albeit also temporarily.

It is shown in the anime that he wields Percival and another Carillon / Dug Weapon. As shown on the scene below showing Willem in the aftermath of fighting against Eboncandle:

My question is, what is the other Carillon broken at the background of the scene above? I can't remember the name of that sword and where it was stated in the novel.

Umm... This sword is just Percival

So... the current version of the Wikipedia article has been updated to Percival, and that's also the reason why user content generated sites like Wikipedia (and also SE, to the extent) are not always correct...

so he wield multiple Percival?


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How was Marin returned to his normal state?
As we know Marin Hollow was turned into small in chapter 456:Order as shown in this by Brandish. In chapter 466:Assassins we see him turning to his normal state as shown here. Brandish is tied with anti magic shackles, so she can't use magic. Marin's magic is Spatial Magic and has shown space manipulation magic at Caracole Island. So how did he return to his normal form? Does Spatial Magic have some other magic that helped him to return to his normal body? If it was due to Spatial Magic then why Lucy was trying to not get caught in Brandish Mass Manipulation magic?