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In Re:monster, why are goblins and orcs two different creatures?
Aren't goblins and orcs supposed to be the same creature or two different creatures?
Because according to my research, "orc" is supposed to mean "goblin" in the Elven language (from "The Hobbit" and "Lord of the Rings")?
If they are usually the same creature, why are they two different creatures in "Re:monster"?
Goblins:

Orcs:

Because they are not usually the same creature and are generally considered different. In most anime/manga you will find that goblins are generally smaller weaker creatures and orcs are larger and stronger.

@Henkyo it seems like a pretty common theme in anime/manga that they are different creatures which will impact voting.

They're imaginary creatures, so no one can define whether they are different or the same.  Hence, any writer can go either way.


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What writing system are they using in "Chillin' in Another World With Level 2 Super Cheat Powers"?
What language or writing system are the characters using in the anime Chillin' in Another World With Level 2 Super Cheat Powers?
For example:

Is it just a made up language and writing system or is it based off of any existing language and writing system?

I named the tag according to the policy outlined in meta. There is neither official nor widely fan-accepted abbreviated name for the series that I could find, so I took some liberties in naming it.

The writing system used is likely just rotated katakana, mixed with some similar looking shapes.
The second line in the image looks like the katakana テナ二 (transliterated tenani), and the fourth line is almost a perfect match for 二ヒサ (nihisa). The other lines also contain some katakana characters, mixed in with some other plausible looking characters that don't correspond to actual kana.
As for the language itself, the katakana characters don't correspond to any phrase or word I could think of that would fit in this context. Likely, the animators just drew some random katakana and changed up the shapes of some of them to make it look like another world's script. I haven't seen the anime, so I can't vouch for whether any of the other scenes have meaningful phrases, but it's likely that there isn't any deeper meaning behind them.

Come to think of it, it sure does look like the Japanese characters (or katakana) are actually rotated.

Yes, they are rotated katakana in a weird font. See the decoded words here: https://note.com/konkelspirturo/n/n350533531cae.

@Gao - Hmmmm.... Interesting!

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What writing system are they using in "Isekai Cheat Magician"?
What language or writing system are the characters using in the anime "Isekai Cheat Magician"?
For example:

Is it just a made-up language and writing system or is it based off of any existing language and writing system?

AFAIK probably made up. European languages basically are Egyptian hieroglyphs -> Phoenician -> Greek -> Latin/Cyrillic. Many middle eastern languages go Phoenician -> Aramaic. Hieroglyphs are basically pictures, Phoenician is hard lines (to chisel into stone) and modern languages are curvy. The characters in the book have half and full widths (similar to CJK). Where the ones in the map have proportional widths (or at the least kerning). I've looked for similar characters but can't find any sets in Unicode. I think the author made the 'ancient' alphabet using Japanese character rules.

It's English, just a weird font.

Do you know what font it is?

@Henkyo I do not, but it's likely a custom font. Youjo Senki used this method, too. If you are just interested in a cool looking cryptic font I recommend the Youjo Senki font, which someone decoded and made available for download as a font file.

Out of curiosity, where did you find this piece of information? Or did you come up with the decryption on your own?

@Gae.S. I decrypted the Cheat Magician font myself by looking at the map. (Btw, there's actually a typo in the top right, where they wrote "empaire" instead of empire.) I started with the word "Savanna" since it was easiest to guess having one letter appear three times and another one appearing two times. Not that I was sure it would be that word. I just pretended it was correct and looked where that would take me with all the other words.

You can give it a try yourself, as I forgot the part that is under the subtitles. It says "?ig? Mountain" with both question marks being the same letter. Solution: (stop reading if you want to come up with it yourself now.) Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur High Mountain.

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Did Kakashi Hatake really obtain one thousand jutsus?
In Naruto, Kakashi Hatake is known as the shinobi who knows one thousand techniques.
My question is, did he really practice one thousand techniques?
If so, how did he manage to achieve that?
I'll appreciate any insights into this.
Thanks in advance!

https://www.reddit.com/r/Naruto/comments/4dv7ch/kakashi_and_his_supposedly_1000_jutsu/

He knows countless of techniques. Because if I remember correctly, he has copied a lot of techniques with his Sharingan (which is a gift from his comrade, Obito Uchiha). Except for one technique, which is the technique called Chidori, also known as the Lightning Blade.
The chidori part was explained by Guy Sensei here on this episode.


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Can manhua be in black and white only?
I draw manhua about Chinese emperors and the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, etc. I use only black and white colors. Can manhua be drawn in black and white only?

From the tag description: 'If you have technical questions on how to produce Japanese-style comics yourself, consider asking on Graphic Design or Writing instead (per this discussion: https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/6/are-questions-about-how-to-make-anime-and-manga-off-topic).' While your question is about manhua, I think this would apply as well (I could be wrong, though).

I think this one would go on Graphic Design, as it's about the artistic aspect of manhua rather than the actual writing.

I’m voting to close this question because it's asking about Graphic Design, which the previous two comments have stated

While the question was written from a mangaka's POV, I think this question can still be answered by providing some examples of B&W manhua, or nothing.


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What does the word 'cultivation' seen in many Chinese manhua refer to?
What does the word cultivation mean in Chinese media?
There seems to be legion of titles out there with some variation of this phrase,
e.g. urban cultivator, immortal cultivator, cultivator chat group, ad infinitum.

Looks like this is called Xianxia novel which is related to Xian in Taoism and related to "cultivation" (but I can't expand more than this since this is out of my expertise at all, anyone feels free to expand and post the answer...)

Also. I found a YouTube video explaining this concept in Chinese fantasy novels, which I believe is more related. (Still don't have time to write a proper answer...)


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In the making of Blue Eye Samurai, what software was used, how many people participated, and how long did it take?
In November 2023, Netflix began streaming Blue Eye Samurai. What software was used to make it, how many people did it, and how long did it take to produce it?

This show was made by French studio Blue Spirit who uses Autodesk Maya.

maya is a modeling software, but what software does animation do?

Maya is also industry standard for rigging/animation.

It was done using Autodesk 3dsmax. Not maya at all in here.
https://www.youtube.com/live/KYqZXIiWdDI?si=GHhgO_54cmHRmyjp&t=1628

Welcome to Anime.SE! Please be aware that link-only answers are discouraged here, as links tend to change or become unavailable over time. Would you be able to [edit] your answer to quote or summarize the relevant parts of the linked video?


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Why do anime don't have closing logos at the end of the series?
In western TV programs, the show ends with a closing logo, usually one or two closing logos.  In anime, they end the show with a preview and no closing logos.  Why don't anime have closing logos at the end of a show?

They usually show the production companies' logos during the opening credits, rather than at the end of the closing credits. Why they do it this way round, I don't know.

I just noticed this when I remembered watching full episodes of anime that don't have closing logos at the end, anime rarely has opening logos before the opening credits.

Do you have examples of these "closing logos"?  Honestly it's been a solid half-decade since I watched anything western (mostly due to choice and not wanting to bother with an antenna/streaming package) and I'm drawing a complete blank here.

To be honest, I'm also not sure about "closing logos". Did you mean the title logo, or other logos like production studio, sponsorships, or anything else?

They likely mean these end title cards for the particular production companies involved, that appear after the credits of shows https://youtu.be/BC-eFU6OgxA

They do (for similar purposes, but not in the same way), they are called "End Cards" and are typically used to adjust the timing of each episode to make sure they fit a certain amount of time. It's usually for television broadcasts and some streaming services might omit them (or at least used to). It's typically a commissioned pie of art by a (typically) well-known 3rd party artist/illustrator, artist associated with the production, or artist of the original work. Not all anime productions have them and it's said that SHAFT popularized the use of it, when they did Tsukuyomi: Moon Phase.


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Which society in Japan is responsible for the age requirement system for manga/comics?
I found that an age requirement system exists for movies and anime made by a society, Eirin, but I didn't find an equivalent for manga and comics in Japan. I would be curious to be able to compare age rating of the same manga in France and in Japan.

Do comics in France have an age rating? I don't believe there are any formal age ratings for comics in the US, for example.

For the so-called (in English) Hentai genre, it is self-rated by the publishers' side (source)

Related When and why has the censorship of obscenity for hentai changed?

@F1Krazy In France we don't have an official age rating for books and comics. The age indicated on comics come from the publishers. Maybe it is the same in Japan. I asked anyway because I wasn't sure that my failure to find the information was not caused by my use of bad keywords on Google. Finding the right kyword is sometime tricky.


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Can a shinigami in Soul Eater potentially become a demon weapon?
I'm currently making an original character for a story and I'm wondering theoretically could a shinigami become a demon weapon? Or would he have to be a kishin weapon?

I know I'm late to the party, but that's an interesting question! May as well chip in my two cents here as far as canon goes. (Though you could take a leaf from the anime's book and invent a whole new thing, that's fair too.)
Demon Weapon Transformations
It seems like the ability to turn into a Demon Weapon is hereditary, with Tsubaki's Multi-Form Ability being a clan trait. Arachne created a bunch of Demon Weapons, and this handful of individuals eventually grew into a population that covered the various continents. (Lord Death's commentary in Chapter 99 covers this, as well as pointing to the witch's soul providing the transformation ability itself.)
Given that Shinigami are created through the parent (Lord Death, in this case) fragmenting off bits of himself, it's unlikely that the ability would spontaneously appear.
My take here is that it would be generally unlikely to have a Shinigami created with the ability to shapeshift without good reason. For one, that's the domain of the witches, and the amount of trouble this invites largely outweighs any potential benefit. For another, the ability to turn into a weapon isn't looked on favourably by the general public, given Demon Weapons'... reputations.
Soul Consumption
Eating souls will empower Demon Weapons, though it seems to turn people who aren't Demon Weapons into Kishins. However, there's only two known examples, these being Asura (fed Vajra a lot of souls, then physically consumed Vajra to empower himself) and Crona (literally has a Demon Weapon fused into them) to illustrate this, and presumably the turn-into-a-Kishin threshold is very high regardless. Outside of this, we don't see anyone else eating souls.
We also know that the students are under the impression that non-weapons can't eat souls. In chapter 16 of the manga / 19 of the anime, Kilik expresses confusion over how Asura could consume souls, which prompts Lord Death's explanation of what Asura did to Vajra. Lord Death does foreshadow the fact that Asura was not human, which is eventually confirmed when we discover that he was created as a Shinigami- though I think you know that!
(The anime also has some of their targets eating souls in early episodes, so it's up to you whether you'd consider or disregard this fact.)
Again, I wouldn't say for sure that it's impossible, given the amount of general weirdness the universe already allows for, but we've just not seen it.
Weapon-Meister Dynamics
Across instances of combat in the series, Soul Resonance plays a huge part in attack output- by leaning on this bond, meisters are able to amplify their soul wavelengths to take out opponents or withstand incoming attacks.
This trait poses another challenge to the idea of deliberately making a Demon Weapon Shinigami- who's the intended meister here? (Though I should mention Justin Law as a counterexample: he doesn't need a meister on account of his weapon type, and through being sufficiently powerful on his own.)
TL;DR: I don't think canon gives us a definite answer on whether or not a Shinigami could be a weapon, but we know enough of the world's politics to anticipate the scenarios where one might be created, and the problems that would come with it. We also know of various artefacts that seem to break the rules, like BREW, so it's not inconceivable for a Shinigami Demon Weapon to come about through more unconventional means.


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Was digital pre-visualization used outside of the performance scenes in Bocchi The Rock?
I am curious about the animation methods or pipeline used in everyday, normal scenes in Bocchi The Rock!. This would be segments like walking and talking and not the stylized scenes.
Based on this interview (machine translated to English for me, but summarized here), concert performance segments used motion captured live performances which were then used to make a digital visualization. This animation was then framed in virtual cameras and the resulting footage was then used for hand-drawn animation blocking and keyframing.
The 2D animation in normal, everyday shots is clearly hand-drawn, and keyframes and other production material support this. However, there are some scenes in the first episode where character motion, shading, and frame composition that makes me think that some shots were digitally pre-visualized before keyframes were drawn.
Example 1: Character limb motion, skirt physics, and shadows.

Example 2: An anamorphic lens-like effect as they pass the "camera".

Was digital pre-visualization used outside of the performance scenes in Bocchi the Rock!? Is studio use of digital pre-visualization common?
(If not, is there a reason why I am seeing the animation as being a little different from other shows that I've watched?)

Leaving as a comment since I don't have any concrete evidence, but this looks like rotoscoping. Basically what they were doing for the performances minus the motion capture part (basically capture live footage, then drawing over it). Not digital, but analog pre-visualization.


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How exactly did Mahito meet Sukuna?
My understanding of Mahito's technique is that he can reshape souls and thus shapeshift bodies, so how could he meet Sukuna when he touched Yuji's body (in episode 13) and when Yuji jumped into his domain? I don't understand, what did he do?

Mahito touches Yuji:
When Yuji first ate Sukuna’s finger, Gojo states Yuji “combined” or “merged” with it. This could likely mean Sukuna’s and Yuji’s souls became one. So when Mahito uses his Idle Transfiguration cursed technique to touch Yuji’s soul, he’s also touching Sukuna soul. We can't consider the possibility of Sukuna overpowers Yuji’s soul theory, so Yuji wouldn’t be able to have any control of his body whatsoever because Sukuna wouldn’t allow that.
Yuji enters Mahito's domain:
Self-Embodiment of Perfection increases the effectiveness of Mahito's Idle Transfiguration cursed technique by allowing him to transfigure the souls of the targets within his domain without requiring physical contact. Nanami described the experience of being inside Mahito's Domain as akin to literally being in the palm of Mahito's hand. Alongside Satoru Gojo's Unlimited Void, Kento Nanami said Self-Embodiment of Perfection is an almost guaranteed victory for the caster.
However, a major drawback of this ability is that Mahito is forced to touch the souls of everyone inside the domain, which backfires when Yuji Itadori enters the domain from the outside, causing Mahito to unintentionally touch Sukuna's soul a second time, prompting the King of Curses to lash out at Mahito


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What effect does the Searchmaton's energy beam have on humans?
In the anime Den-noh Coil the Searchmaton frequently fire their energy beams on humans.
The beams are designed to effect digital matter, and rogue AR programs, but the human characters act as though they are also harmful to them and react as if they were being shot at by a laser beam.
Other than damaging any technology that they have on them, do the Searchmaton energy beams have any actual effects on humans, and if so, what is the effect?
Please limit answers to effects that are addressed in franchise canon, and cite the episode numbers/titles where the information is drawn from, and not fan speculation or fan-fiction.


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Why do anime characters nowadays tend to have very forward jaws?
For a healthy normal average human, it's common that their jaws are almost on the same vertical line as their foreheads. The jaws in this picture are more similar to jaws in real life:
(from Seraph of the End: Battle in Nagoya)

However, I have noticed a recent change in art style in the anime industry, that is, characters' jaws tend to be very forward, as is drawn in the following pictures:
(from The Quintessential Quintuplets 2)

(from Kanojo mo Kanojo)

(from Mysteria Friends)

(from Detective Conan)

A very good witness lies in the anime Detective Conan, whose early art style years ago didn't draw its characters' jaws so forward as today.
Why do anime characters nowadays tend to have very forward jaws? What causes this trend?

btw something interesting to note (I think?) it applies to both male and female characters - i'm not sure but you'd think this would be kinda ok for males but not really for females? or what? idk

Maybe because anime characters are just cats?


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What is this panel/console seen in Eighty Six?
In Eighty Six, these console windows are shown.

Do we have any names for the above console windows? Or was it just made up?

They are just some fancy military control room consoles.


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Is Violet Evergarden an android, a cyborg or a human?
The following observations about Violet Evergarden can be made in the first two episodes:

She wants to learn what "I love you" means, a common trope among AI and other robotic characters.
She used to have human arms, but lost them during the Four-Year War.
In episode 2 when she was having dinner, we only saw her cut the fish awkwardly, but not eat or drink even once.
She's used to work long hours and her choice of word for eating and sleeping, "recharge", is not intended for humans.

So what is she, exactly?

I think they are leaving it purposely ambiguous.  But I don’t think she’s human, not fully.  You never see her eat, and only drink tea.  When she lost her arms in battle, she did not act AT ALL like a young girl who got horribly maimed.  If she were human, she would have bled out.  There has to be a reason Captain Bouganville treats her so poorly and adamantly refers to her as a tool.  And a reason she can regularly best trained soldiers.  I think she might be a cyborg akin to the T-800, with an organic shell.

According to Reddit, the answer is given in the light novel, and it is a rather surprising answer.

She is human. This can be further proven by the fact that:

She can bleed. As seen during the flashbacks of the war from several episodes, namely one and two. If it was oil, it would've been black; which it wasn't.
She has emotions. She was worried about Major Gilbert and was curious about the meaning of the phrase, 'I love you' and how it made her feel.

She only looks like a robot because of her mechanical arms. She lost her human arms during the war. She is only awkward, because she never understood how to interact with other individuals in a normal society. She only knows how to act like a soldier.

She is indeed a human, but her awkward social skills are due to her being in the army from her very childhood (since she was 10 y/o). She lived as a soldier and never really got to experience the world as a normal girl.

Violet is confirmed to be human in Episode 10.

 In episode 10, Violet meets Anne Magnolia.  It is established early in the episode that Anne is a huge fan of dolls, most likely because she cannot spend as much time with her sickly mother. Upon seeing Violet, Anne believes that Violet is a real doll, both in her appearance and as her title of Auto-Memory Doll. This is also further supported by Violet's mechanical arms and when Violet explains that when she uses the bathroom "it returns to the Earth".
When Violet is leaving, Anne kisses Violet's cheek, remarking that it is warm. We watch as Anne suddenly realizes that she had made a mistake.  Anne is unable to finish her question, bur she is most likely asking Violet if she is human. When Violet nods, Anne is embarrassed and runs away.

Violet is a human girl. In the first episode of season one, she starts in the hospital. If she was a robot she would most likely just be rebuilt.

Violet Evergarden is indeed a human, just because shes socially awkward and doesn't eat doesn't mean anything. Violet was in the army at such a young age and was only taught how to act like a soldier, She must've went through a hard time because she lost her arms. Also she was bleeding in a couple of the other scenes so she has to be a human, If she was a cyborg, robot she would defiantly have black oil coming out of her but that didn't happen.

Violet is human, it isn't obvious at the start, but as her emotions are explored later on, it becomes even more prominent.
I think the makers intended for viewers to be confused at the start because of her mechanical arms as well as emotionless attitude. This was because she lived all her life either on the streets or in the army.
Also as seen from the flashbacks she can indeed bleed like humans.

Can you provide any sources?

Violet is human, however, she doesn’t really know how to act around people nor socialize properly due to being raised in the military.

Violet Evergarden is a cyborg. I say that because, yes she can bleed and shed emotions, but ever since the 4th war, she has acted differently. Hai, when she was ten she acted scared, crazed, and firey, but she now acts more self-centered, quiet, and over-works herself(more than she did). Also, a cyborg is half-human and half-robot, so it makes sense that she is a cyborg.

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What kind of modifications the AE86's have had in Initial D?
I am not that interested in automotive (aviation all the way DC-3) but after seeing "Pimp My Reich" (I strongly suggest you to watch it, the ending is great) I learned there is a manga and an anime called Initial D. As I learned, there were 3 AE86's in the whole series but what about the modifications? Were "performance" modifications ever used in the series? They can be simple engine part replacements or whole engine/aspiration type replacements.
Simply put: did anyone of the AE86's had any kind of performance mods? Also I want to make a replica of it in racing sims. So should I use carbon fiber or black painting for the hood? What is the history of hood part replacement throughout the series?

https://initiald.fandom.com/wiki/Toyota_AE86 This should be a helpful site, although it's been a year since you asked the question. The facts are based upon mostly the manga.

To put them simply I list them one by one (these are the things that are mentioned or can be seen in the anime, so things like brands of wheel rims for example which are not mentioned in the anime I will not mention them):

Takumi's AE86
Before his engine blowout, he used a modified 4A-GE engine. After his engine blowout, his dad changed it to a Group A engine and changed his tachometer to cope with the high-revving environment of the engine. During his time in Project D, his suspension is also changed to a new one after he 'won' his battle with God Hand, although it wasn't stated what modifications are made to the suspension if I remember correctly. Also his change from stock to carbon hood before his battle with Tachi Tomoyuki from the graduate of Toudou School
Wataru's AE86
Wataru's AE86 is an interesting one as it has the most apparent or mentioned changes. First he uses a turbo for his engine. After he lost his battle with Takumi at the end of stage 2, he changed from turbo to supercharger since he felt unsatisfied with his turbo performance. At the same time, he also changed from stock hood to carbon hood.
Shinji's AE86
Shinji's AE86 is a stock sedan AE86. It doesn't have any performance change as far as I'm concerned.

And to answer your question regarding the replica, I suggest to use a black-painted hood as the carbon hood in some games is too gray-ish instead of black-ish like Takumi's.

Thanks. I think the carbon hoods in Forza Motorsport 4 are black enough :)

You're welcome ! :)

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Do nen examiners also have to teach them Nen?
Gon and Kurapika's examiner also taught them nen. Is every examiner also a
 teacher, or the hunters have to learn nen by themselves?

What examiner did Gon and Kurapika have that also taught them nen? I haven't made it past the exam arc in the manga, but I know for a fact in the 2011 anime the examiners and all of their nen teachers were separate.

Gon's nen examiner was Wing , who also taught him nen. @MackenzieMcClane

The examiners aren't there to teach the hunter candidates anything, they are meant to observe those hunters who haven't yet gained nen for a limited period (I forgot the duration, but its a few years iirc) to see if they succeed in progressing and then give them the actual Hunter License.
I think Kurapika learns it from someone other than his examiner. Also of course there are others like Hisoka who already know it and are qualified (provided they pass the earlier exam) as hunters already.
That said, I don't think the hunters have to learn nen by themselves, they just have to understand its existence and then search for teachers. I do believe that all examiners have the capability to teach the candidates. Whether this is also an obligation if they're approached for guidance, I'm not sure ( I think not, need to re-read Wing & Gon's interactions to recheck )

I don't remember there being seperate, spesific examiners for the secret exam. Could you give an example of what you mean?

I belive you're refering to the "Secret Exam" when you talk about "examiners". I'm not sure this is entirely accurate.
There doesn't seem to be a very strict structure to the Secret Exam, at least compared to the Public Exam. As such, there doesn't really seem to be "examiners" as such. The hunters just seem to collectively keep tabs on the passing participants to see if they figure things out on their own. Some actually teach these people Nen, but none seem exactly obligated to do so.
So, in short, there propably isn't the sort of requirement you mention, because there aren't really any "examiners" at this point. All teachers we see seem to be giving their lessions more or less out of their free will, rather than any sort of obligation. Of coures, almost everybody capable of teaching Nen is already a hunter (with the some exceptions like the Phantom Troupe, who know Nen but aren't necessarily hunters), so they would be qualified to pass those they teach, when they seem ready. But remember that there are people who already know Nen, who pass the Secret Exam the moment they pass the Public Exam, without any sort of fanfare.
Basicly and simplified to the extreme, I'm proposing that in stead of any sort of examiners, just about any hunter can just contact the Hunter Association and say "Yeah, they know Nen now. They're real hunters alright." Of course, the exact details of the Secret Exam are rather vague, so the answer is rather speculative.
As a side note, I think it would be theoretically possible for someone to pass the Public Exam, learn Nen from a non-hunter and then pass the Secret Exam when other hunters learn about this. But there isn't really an example of such thing ever happening.

Ahhhh, I forgot about all the secret exam stuff. +1, I don't think nen teachers count as examiners


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Why do anime films tend to use film actors to voice the anime instead of professional seiyuu?
For example, the voice actors for the protagonists of the anime film Uchiage Hanabi, Shita kara Miru ka? Yoko kara Miru ka? are Suda Masaki and Hirose Suzu, who are best known for their acting careers. Compared to other professional seiyuus in the industry, both of them have much less experience in voice acting.
On the other hand, famous seiyuus (i.e. Miyano Mamoru, Hanazawa Kana, and Kaji Yuki) were given a supporting role in the film.
Regardless of their performance in the film, I was curious if there are any reasons these anime films tend to use film actors? Since there are a huge pool of seiyuu working in the industry.
Furthermore, Kamiki Ryunosuke and Kamishiraishi Mone got a leading voice acting role in Kimi no Na wa. They both did a great job and even received an award for it. However, it seems to me that they only do voice acting for anime films (especially Kamiki Ryunosuke).
Is there a particular reason for this? Or is it just a marketing strategy to use these big actors' names in the film?

Not really an answer, but it's quite common in western animated films too - voice actor Billy Zane (Futurama, etc) has talked about how he would frequently audition for big animated features only to lose out to a big Hollywood name, and then be asked to coach them in how to voice act.

I recall reading that Miyazaki has said something to the effect of that he specifically avoids drawing from the usual stable of anime voice actors as a way of distancing himself from "mainstream" anime (the sort of stuff he often rails against). Don't have a source at the moment, so take this with a grain of salt.

There are two aspects we can discuss on this topic.
Some directors like Miyazaki prefer to hire film actors.
He said anime seiyuu is too optimized for anime and does not sound natural.
Seiyuu is good when the target audience is anime fans,
but if they want to get a broader audience, actors are the best choice.
Another aspect is getting attention by using famous actors.
Producer Toshio Suzuki is known to always use actors instead of seiyuu.
For example, he used Takuya Kimura in Howl's Moving Castle.
Takuya's acting is not good, but it gets more audience because of his name.


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Why is Touka Kirishima afraid of birds?
I'm not sure when she became afraid of birds. Does it involve something from her childhood?

Touka suffers from Ornithophobia, most likely due to being pecked near her eye in her youth by Chunta. Which is also the reason why she covers her right eye with her hair.

 Chunta (チュンタ, Chunta) was an injured bird that was found by Touka Kirishima and Ayato Kirishima. They nursed the bird back to health, keeping it in a cage at their apartment and feeding it worms they dug up. After their father, Arata Kirishima, disappeared and Touka and Ayato were on the run from Ghoul Investigators, they turned back to release Chunta from his cage. After being freed, he pecked Touka in the eye.

Thanks I did not know that was why she covered that eye it thought it was he’s sense of style


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Why do some characters have their weight measured in apples?
Why is it that some characters have their weight measured in apples? For example:

Hello Kitty is 5 apples tall in height and 3 of such fruit in weight.
Marry Kozakura from Kagerou Project weighs 130 apples.
Kaai Yuki, a Japanese VOCALOID, is said to be "as tall as 10 big apples" and "as heavy as 86 apples".

Did the trend of measuring weight in apples start with Hello Kitty? Or is the trend not as common as I think it is?

It could be because it's rude to ask a lady's weight?

@Malandy - I'm not sure, perhaps because it's not a strictly definite number?

@Ezui - Go ahead and edit a link to it if you want... ... Also, Yay! Vocaloids!

For the sake of the topic, I won't go into full detail to the symbol of the apple in human culture as a whole. I will only focus on one point, and that's the fact that the apple symbolizes Knowledge (due to the bible, with the forbidden fruit and all).
You can easily find a lot of pictures of apples being associated with books or pencils, being used as a graphic for schools (mostly kindergarten, or primary school), and because of that, you can loosely associate them with children.
Now for the two examples mentioned in the question:

In Hello Kitty's case, it is a show aimed for children; so it makes sense for them to use Apples as an alternative over using actual units of measurement, you could say that they did it for the "Cute" factor.
In Mekaku City Actor's case, Marry Kozakura is a somewhat child-like character (and Kawai too); so you can use THAT as a reason for using apples to state her weight. Or simply, it's rude to state a lady's weight; so the creators did it like this as a "joke", and the reason they chose Apples instead of other fruits is the same as in Hello Kitty, for the "Cute" factor.

another factor could be that, an apple's weight and size is common knowledge; but that's just secondary at this point.


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What is the significance of the X on people's faces from Shouya's perspective and why does Ueno get the X on and off?
In Koe no Katachi (A Silent Voice) my current interpretation of the X on someone's face is that the protagonist does not wish to acknowledge or socialize with this person. An extension of this could be perhaps that he does not wish to hear their "voice", if we were to stretch somewhat on the themes of the story.
Ueno is the only person I can think of when in the reconciliation phase gets the X on and off. I can understand it being a part of the protagonist's difficulty in attempting to reconcile with her and understand her motives (which interestingly play similarly to his own of attempting to reconcile Shoko with her classmates while she tries to reconcile him with his).
Wikipedia suggests it is his disgust for her.
I'm looking for any other interpretation preferably with evidence of when the X comes on and off. Is there a concrete pattern behind why and when the X is put on a person?
If I have time and can find the images I'll add a few with chapter references to better show examples of what I mean.

the manga ver or the anime ?

manga preferably

The movie has far more to talk about in terms of the X's, the manga does have a handful of scenes exhibiting this, but the movie completely ran with it to the point where it became a central plot point... for other people reading answers perhaps try to include both

Spoiler Warning

.TL;DR
So the summary of this answer is:

The "X" mark can be symbolized as "Not My Friend" or "No interest to interact with them". When Ishida feels pissed off because of an act or the attitude of someone/something, the "X" mark would be put on their faces. And when would the "X" mark be taken down? When Ishida thinks like "I like him/her, such a nice person" about someone or something.

Because Ueno is so hypocritical, that make Ishida so pissed and happy at the same time. The X mark on Ueno's face was first marked in volume 3, and it came off in Volume 7 (the last volume), when Ishida tried to change himself. In volume 7, all the 'X' marks that everyone had in Ishida's perspective have already come off

The content from this point on contains spoilers. Read it at your own risk.
From what I could figure, the most accepted answer for this kind of question is one where you can find in the manga version.  Although I have not watched the anime in full, the anime version seems lacking in explanation. And of course I have finished the manga.
1. What is the significance of the X on people's faces from Ishida's perspective?
The X's first appeared in Volume 1, Chapter 5, page 2-6.
Here are some of the pages (read from right to left)
Page 2-3

Page 4-5

Page 6

He has an

 anxiety disorder being with other people.
 He feels pissed off because of his own negative thought about the others. Look at the yellow marker, he hates everything, even the friend of friends that he hated. The "X" mark can be symbolized as "Not My Friend" or "No interest to interact with them". So that's the reason why the entire class have "X" mark on their faces. For Nagatsuka why he got "X" mark from the first, there is something that Ishida hates about him. For the other people like Sahara that doesn't have "X" mark when they met on the train, because Ishida has no reason to hate Sahara for some reason (exclude his classmate nor neighborhood that he hate). He will put the "X" mark down when someone wants to acknowledge him more and he trusted it.

2. Why does Ueno get the X on and off?
It's explained in Volume 3, Chapter 18, Page 12-17 (read from right to left).
Page 12-13

Page 14-15

Page 16-17

Ishida said that he doesn't care about his ex-friend (aka all his  elementary school friends) in pages 12-13, but when he met Ueno for the first time since junior high school, he did care. At first, Ueno's face didn't have the "X" mark but in chapter 21, pages 9-10, Ueno did something terrible to Shouko, and that made Ishida really pissed of with Ueno's attitude. So that's why Ueno got the 'X' mark on pages 15-16.
Page 9-10

Page 15-16


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Why do so many character names start with あ
I'm on Episode 5, but so far with the exception of one character, all the other named characters start with あ, like Aika, Akari, Alice, Ai, Allan.
This seems to be done on purpose because the Undine who's training Aika in Himeya is named Akira when it could have been easier to give her a different name so as to not confuse her with Akari who Alicia trains.
It also seems to not be limited to Undine or their customers because Akatsuki is a Salamander.
So is it on purpose that all the characters are named starting with あ? If so, why? And why is the Sylph from Episode 4, Woody, the exception?

Somebody asked the exact same question on chiebukuro; the answer given was that there probably isn't any deep reason for it (just authorial preference). Also the real name of "Woody" is apparently "Ayanokoji", so that's an "a"-name too. (I don't know anything about Aria.)

Aika's mentor is named Akira, like the Katsuhiro Otomo manga. Kozue Amano, the manga-ka, may have named all the characters starting with a, but she wasn't quite perverse enough to start giving them the same names as each other.

Aria and its precursor, Aqua, came about because the author, Amano Kozue, wanted to write a story about her experience in Venice[citation needed] and her favorite pet cat at the time, Aria (title drop!).
In fact, according to the Japanese Wikipedia article, the manga was introduced as 「水と猫の物語」, a story about aqua and cats, in its early serialization.
Because Amano loves cats so much, she incorporated many cat-related elements into her story: Cat-sìth, Night on the Galactic Railroad and Alice Carroll as a homage to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland which features the Cheshire Cat.
There, another character whose name doesn't start with あ; the cat mascot of Himeya also doesn't have a name that starts with あ (Hime also happens to be one of Amano's cats).
So yea, sharing the same initial with her favorite pet cat, as well as having Alice as a main character and aqua and acqua alta as an important theme, are probably enough to set the mangaka on a naming craze.
References

Amano Kozue's official homepage (archived)


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What did Shouko say to Ishida in the coming of age ceremony that made Ueno jealous?
I don't understand what they are saying. Could someone translate this?

Four fingers raised, thumb pulled in is "ke", while full fist means "sa".

Together they are "kesa", which means "this morning".
Shouko is referring to the hardships they had that morning with putting on their kimono, doing their hair, etc. We know Ishida knows about it because Shouko's mother has shown him a picture about the girls getting ready,

so he reacts with "beautiful".
Explanation for the sign he makes :

could you tell me where did you find the "Let's learn japanse sign language" image ?

but why Ueno said "Stop Flirting", i didnt quite get it at that part.
I like where you put the sign language image in your answer, first time i see that kind of image ( i  never search information about sign language before )

@Gagantous: I found the "Let's learn japanse sign language" image here. They're made by anonblack, a founding member of Futari Wa Pretty Anon scanlation group. Sadly, they only did the firs 30 chapters or so, they dropped it after the series was licensed in the US.

About Ueno: I might be wrong, but if I'm not mistaken Ueno doesn't know sign language. So she doesn't know what the two are saying to each other, only sees them signing, and even if she does understand it she missed at least the first sign (she isn't looking at Shouko), so she likely simply misunderstood the situation.


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Is Super Saiyan Green an official name or not?
According to the Dragon Ball Wikia, this transformation of Kale is called "Super Saiyan Green". Is this an official name or it was made up by fans?

Super Saiyan Green was never official.
The transformation Broly makes is called Legendary Super Saiyan, which has some background since that's what it was called in the movies featuring Broly.
Since Kale resembles that transformation, it's better to call it that, but if I recall correctly, no official name was given yet. Or it's Berserk Super Saiyan.

Berserk super saiyan it's for the transformation of Kale where she doesnt have control of her anger and she's extra bulky with blank eyes


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Is Goku still pure-hearted?
This question could seem as an opinion based question, but let me try to explain why I think it is not. In Dragon Ball, Goku was supposed to be completely pure-hearted to be able to ride the Flying Nimbus, to the point he needed to have no bad intentions at all, otherwise he couldn't stand in the top of it, he had to be a sort of Super Saiyan Jesus. At some point in the Dragon Ball series, Vegeta emphasizes this by saying Goku never dared to kill someone (because of this).
But at some point after that, Goku indeed kills someone, that is kid Bu. With Piccolo before, someone could argue he didn't actually finished him because he immediately reincarnated or so, but this isn't the case of kid Buu. And now, in Dragon Ball Super, Goku is doing something different to what he always did. When someone threatened the Earth or the universe, no matter how strong he was, he at least tried to defeat him. But with the case of Zeno, he didn't even try. Someone could argue Zeno is so powerful that he knew he couldn't defeat him, but is Zeno that powerful? He isn't almighty because several Zenos were created by Trunks and Zamasu when messing with time, Zeno isn't unbelievably strong because he can't follow Dyspo's moves. At some point I thought this "destroying all universes" thing was a fake, but now the manga has shown that

 indeed Zeno destroys all universes permanently and the great priest doesn't care, he only acknowledges Zeno whims.

Why Goku didn't even try to defeat Zeno by training and merging with Vegeta or whatever, and he doesn't care much about all the universes which are being destroyed every time he defeats them? Is Goku still pure-hearted?

Well as far as at the end of DBZ, we can concluded that all of the saiyans including Vegeta are pure hearted. This is because one of the condition of the Super Saiyan God transformation was that 5 pure hearted Saiyans needed to come together and since the transformation worked, it can be concluded all of them are pure hearted post Z.
Secondly, The Omni king isn't powerful in terms of raw power. What makes him terrifying is his position and the ability to erase anything from existence. Even the angels and  the grand priest and of course the gods, the strongest beings of the universe bow down before him so what makes you think Vegito blue could stand up to him.
Goku on the other hand has no evil in him. The only reason for him wanting the tournament is his addiction to battle and at the same time his rather naive and careless nature could be considered at fault for the tournament of power.
However, it was implied that goku did actually do the other universes a favour(Although he didn't intend to) as Zeno was about to erase the rest of the universes with a lower mortal  ranking.

The last line was more of plot armor by the author to save Goku.


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What is a Bingo Book?
It was only mentioned once or twice in the show. Did different villages have different Bingo Books or did everyone share information on the wanted ninja? Was there a price for their heads? Or was it just a book about wanted targets?

Bingo books are designed to contain a list of names, along with all known information, that are to be targets for various reasons; whether it be for the price on their heads or to be killed on sight due to being a threat

Bingo Books are black books used by ninja that contain any and all information on black-listed ninja they are to target. There are multiple versions of the Bingo Books, the most common being those based from the Hidden Villages.

A majority of the time, Bingo Books put together by high ranking officials to have intel on Shinobi ranging from either missing-nin or deadly Shiboni from other villages

Normally, Bingo Book entries are compiled by a village's high ranking officials, usually the Kage, that are then distributed to its jōnin and Anbu members. Those listed are typically dangerous ninja from rival villages, missing-nin, or potential security threats that are to be eliminated given the opportunity. A unit of Anbu from Kirigakure, the hunter-nin, have the sole purpose of eradicating missing-nin so that no physical trace of their body remains.

Other versions of Bingo Books that are seen are by the Akatsuki that contain the list of jinchūrikis

The Akatsuki, on the other hand, use their Bingo Book for the more sinister purpose of listing their jinchūriki targets and certain ninja from the villages who have potential use to them.

And Kakazu, which contain a list of Shinobi with bounties on their heads

In Kakuzu's case, he lists his Bingo Book with information on various ninja with large bounties on their heads so that he can claim the bounty on them.


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Is there any clarification from the publisher/author of Hunter x Hunter regarding the quality of chapters 335 to 338?
Why do Hunter x Hunter's chapters between 334-338 look this bad?
I know that Togashi had several illnesses, but is the illness that he had getting worst at those chapter? (I didn't resize the image so everyone could see the picture very clearly at the first glance).
Has Shueisha ever made a clarification regarding those chapters?
I have the physical books/compendium version of Hunter x Hunter that have relevant chapters on it (chapter 335-338 are included in vol 32 of HxH). But the art is still the same (my physical books of HxH are translated to Indonesian language and it's published through legal sources).
It happened in the 13th Hunter Chairman Election Arc, started on chapter 334. why the art suddenly/constantly changed?
Page 19, chapter 334

The audience looks are not drawn well, it looks like that scene was still a draft.
In chapter 335, it looks worse than chapter 334.
Page 7, chapter 335

And worse in chapter 336 (it looks like a rough sketch, look at Killua's hair and body, Nanika's inked hair, also the bench....)
Page 12, chapter 336

The worst in chapter 337 (What's wrong with you Kaito... and also the background... just what... )
Page 12, chapter 337

Well, chapter 337 is the worst that I have observed so far... They started to change the art frequently starting from chapter 338, but I would say, it's still bad.
Page 12, chapter 338

and finally, in chapter 340, we can have the fine art from Togashi.
Page 17, chapter 340

Are your images from the weekly manga or the compendium volumes?  When time pressure hits, Togashi's art will tend to suffer, as he does what he can to make delivery of his weekly art.  But when the HxH volume is published, he tends to clean it up so that it looks a lot more like his usual artwork.

@RichF i have the physical books/compendium volume of hunter x hunter that have relevant chapter on it (chapter 335-338 are included in vol 32 of hxh ). But the art is still same ( my physical books are translated in indonesia and it's legal sources )

Probably same reason with Historie's rough sketch: the deadline. But it could also due to author's health condition or private matters.

http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2016/05/18/painful-trend-emerges-in-hunter-x-hunter-author-comments From what I've read over the years, Togashi doesn't like working with assistants and likes to complete his work himself. Chronic pain makes life miserable and personally it feels to me it has taken the joy out of his Manga. His work on YuYu Hakusho was of fairly consistent quality afaik. He also redrew a full volume worth of Manga chapters sometime back. Imho, he owes us nothing and the Manga should go on a hiatus rather than having both the Mangaka and fans struggle.

@Arcane he has an assistant, https://imgur.com/TPWTbHQ

@Gagantous I said "he doesn't like working with" not that "he doesn't have". To clarify he doesn't like leaving some stuff to the assistants that they can handle. Example: http://www.anime-now.com/entry/2017/09/12/230058 Here it is mentioned that although assistants were supposed to draw the backgrounds, Togashi started using simple lines for background rather than have assistants draw them. This leads him to a vicious cycle of overworking, sacrificing the manga quality and bitter fans

@Arcane "He Refused to Let His Assistants Do the Inking"  i see... and togashi said "If I did that… I think that’d be the end of my life as a manga creator" wow...

Also on SciFi.SE: Why did the Hunter x Hunter manga quality randomly deteriorate?

(expansion to my comment above, which would have been an answer if I could have found the image below)
I said:

Are your images from the weekly manga or the compendium volumes? When time pressure hits, Togashi's art will tend to suffer, as he does what he can to make delivery of his weekly art. But when the HxH volume is published, he tends to clean it up so that it looks a lot more like his usual artwork.  – RichF 5 hours ago

I can't identify the page, chapter, or volume, but here is an example image I built to answer a completely unrelated question (What defines the art-style of Japanese manga?):

On the left is Togashi's original page as it appeared in its weekly form.  On the right is his final version of the page which appeared in the associated volume.
Based on Gagantous' reply to my comment, apparently Togashi didn't always clean up sloppy weekly pages for the follow-up volume.  Maybe for the volume used in the Question to show us examples, Togashi's health (and/or deadline pressure) didn't allow for the cleanup.


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What's the meaning of A.T field that Asuka said in the End of Evangelion movie?
There is a scene in EoA where Asuka's Eva sank into the deep down of the lake. Inside the Eva, Asuka was muttering words like these:

I dont want to die, I dont want to die, I dont want to die

After that, Asuka's Eva "probably" went berserk. And she saw her mother figure, in her sight. And after that she said

Mama, now I know the meaning of A.T Field. You were always protecting me.

Why all of a sudden her mother figure appeared and Asuka was able to beat the special force? Was her mother the Eva 02 itself? What's the meaning of "now I know the meaning of A.T Field"?

if you've watched pretty much all of Eva and aren't afraid of spoilers, take a look at this section on wiki: https://wiki.evageeks.org/Evangelions#Notes

There's some info about this posted in the "Why are child pilots used" question, but specifically, Asuka's mom Kyoko has always been in the Evangelion.
In episode 22, we see the flashback of Asuka's mom having gone through a contact experiment similar to what Shinji's mom, Yui, went through with Unit-01. Similar to how Shinji's mom is "inside" Unit-01, Asuka's mom is "inside" Unit-02. I've put "inside" in quotes as it's probably not in a literal sense. Maybe it's their "souls" or "impressions" or something that's inside the Evangelions. It's not entirely clear why this mother-child bond is required in the show, although we do know the idea came from Sadamoto, the original mangaka. We also know it's somewhat an important functional requirement, until Gendo (and eventually Seele) managed to get the Dummy Plugs to work (e.g. Unit-03, Mass Produced Evangelion series from End of Evangelion).
As far as the "meaning of the A.T. Field", there's a good bit of speculation on how that all works. The first hint is from Kaworu during the end of episode 24 where he does a rather cryptic infodump on the mechanics of Evangelion, souls, and A.T. Fields:
Kaworu: Eva is made of the same body as me.
    Because I'm also born of Adam.
    When the unit doesn't have a soul, I can unite with it.
    The soul of Unit 02 is shutting itself up now.

Shinji: AT Field!

Kaworu: Yes, you Lilims call it that.
    The holy region that must not be invaded by anyone.
    The light of the soul.
    You Lilims are aware of that.
    Aware that the AT Field is the wall of the soul that everyone
    has.

So A.T. Fields are generated by a "soul" (again, probably not something that is literal), and a "soul" is inside every Evangelion, and in this case, specifically Unit-02, Asuka's Evangelion. I you also recall, Unit-02 was previously unresponsive after the immense psychic attack from Arael which affected both Asuka and the Evangelion (e.g. her mom). This made it possible for Kaworu to take control of Unit-02 during episode 24 and why he says that the soul has "shut itself up". Asuka has come to the realization that:

Her mom has been in the Evangelion this whole time
Her mom issues were all for naught because her mom has been with her this whole time, she wasn't alone afterall
That her mom was using her soul to create Unit-02's A.T. Field which was protecting Asuka

At that point, Asuka goes into kick-ass mode with/because of her new understanding; a renewed bond with her mother/Eva's soul, a new understanding of what the A.T. Field really is and probably an enhanced control of how to use it (as evidenced by her fight with the Mass Produced Evangelions)


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Is Jiren stronger than a God of Destruction?
There have been several references to a mortal that might be stronger than a God of Destruction, both in the anime and manga. Is this person supposed to be Jiren and if so, is he indeed stronger than a God of Destruction, or is it still unknown exactly how strong he is?

Will come back to this once I get home and can timestamp the anime, but there is at least one instance where another God of Destruction talks about how Jiren's Universe must be the Universe of the Mortal stronger than a God of Destruction; and (I believe during the 2 part Jiren vs Goku fight) Belmod himself makes mention to Jiren being stronger than he is.

 The answer to this question would be a yes and a no.
Firstly, it has to be noted that all gods of destruction are equally strong. In the anime, it was stated by Vados that Beerus is stronger than Champa and right before the tournament, Whis stated Vermouth might be stronger than Beerus although Beerus said that he only lost a wrestling match.Even in the manga, when we see the exhibition match square off, we see Beerus being able to fight off multiple gods of destruction at the same time and he along with Quitella were the last 2 standing(It has to also be noted here that in the manga, Quitella is the fighter who defeated Beerus in the arm wrestling match). Vermouth also didn't seem that injured at the end of the fight. According to the official description release on Jiren, it states that he is at the level of a god of destruction. In the anime, while Jiren was effortlessly pushing off the spirit bomb, it was stated by Whis that Jiren is as strong as a God of destruction or possibly even stronger than his.  So by this, we can conclude that Jiren is >= Vermouth, definitely not way stronger but it is indeed possible he is stronger.At the same time, there do exist multiple gods of destruction and Jiren might not be stronger than the strongest god of destruction across the multiverse.
So I think the best way to represent Jiren's power is to state that it is at the level of a god of destruction. Just like we see Champa hold his own against Beerus despite Beerus being stronger, Jiren would easily be able to hold his own even against the stronger God of destruction across the multiverse.

As seen in ep. 109 and 110, his power just terrified even Beerus the God of Destruction and Goku after that Ultra Instinct form was not able to defeat him.
Just going toe-to-toe and dodging, but he hardly took hit which was nothing for Jiren.
I would say Jiren will take this fight as he is insanely, monstrously strong. He didn't even increase his power to the final limits.
Think about it. Jiren's true Power (on YouTube).


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Is 17 really "slightly stronger" than 18?
In Dragon Ball Z , 17 referred to himself as the strongest fighter (before he knew the power of 16, Cell, etc). I don't remember where, but I'm positive that it was mentioned he was slightly stronger than 18. Now with the events of Dragon Ball Super and the Goku vs 17 sparring, is this still a valid assertion or has it been retconned?

I haven't watched the universal tournament arc yet so I'm quite behind. But is the 17 you speak of and classic 17 from the same world? I mean they could two different ppl

What do you mean from the same world? it's the same android, if that is what you mean

Like in the goku black arc. We know that each universe has it's own supreme kai and god of destruction. It is also possible that each universe has it's own version of 17. What I'm asking is if 17 is from the same world Goku and Vegeta are in(aka the one built by Gero) or some other place where he could have been built by someone else?

No, it's 17 from the same universe and timeline. The one you refer to as classic 17

But in Dende's words he is quite stronger now, and in the fight with Goku it seems to show that, even though we dont know how much Goku was holding back

Stronger than Piccolo for sure. They were almost matched in Dragon Ball Z

what? What is this GT? Well I'm going to leave this thread as a fav. I don't have an answer but my curiousity has been tickled.

I dont think he is as strong as in GT, though it was mentioned he also was holding back

I just remembered something from the episode, for something that's been said I think the lower bound of his possible power is in the level of SSJ2.

@kaz they are not talking about the (non canon) dragonbal GT but instead the (canon) dragonball super. which is the current dragonball anime.

@Thomas I'm aware of that. I just find it funny that with the loads of new content that they've created in super (gods, multiverse, more time travel, etc) that of all the things they choose to move into next they re-hash some conflict with android 17. Which was also done in GT, and according to what pablo said. It's not multi-verse 17, it's not a new 17, its the 17 that got eaten by cell and is somehow back again. Just like in GT. It's funny that they chose to make that actual cannon is all.

@kaz what is more funny is that they are androids....thus they shouldn't be able to improve their powers at all (just having endless ki)^^

@thomas because of that, I'm not sure it's considered these androids dont have ki anymore. I think it's being retconed. I believe it was mentioned early in Dragon Ball Z when fighting Piccolo these androids didnt have ki. But in the end of the Buu saga 17 gives his energy to Goku for the Genki Dama. isnt that ki? And now he has an aura when he fights. Plus it's mentioned they are modified humans who can increase their powers by doing exercises. If you have a theory with some basis you can answer this question I opened https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/39918/does-17-has-ki

Some fans are arguing because he fights against Goku super saiyan blue that now he has god ki level power. I'm not so sure about that. Krilin also fought against Goku super saiyan blue and we know and it's left clear he isnt in the level of Goku SSB. Besides it's mentioned by 17 that Goku was holding back (also Goku states 17 was holding back). Impressive though that even if Goku was holding back, 17 doesnt show signs of efforts when fighting

@pablo the "no efforts" part would be consistent with them having unlimited energy (the 2 androids)

@Thomas I guess so, but he didnt look the same when fighting Piccolo

Firstly, during the android saga, 16 was stronger than 17 who happened to be stronger than 18. Although the power difference between the 3 is certainly not a lot.When Goku goes to recruit Android 17 to enter the tournament of power, it was stated by 17 that he spent that time gap training and had gotten a lot stronger. It's easily been over a decade or maybe even 2 since the cell games and while Android 18 hasn't really pushed herself and trained as much, 17 has spent his time training. We see 17 being able to fight SSJ2 Goku very easily and he also seemed to fair pretty well against SSJB Goku(Suppressed) very well. We know when Goku is not going all out because once he's forced to go all out, he immediately uses Kaioken just like he did with Toppo, Jiren, Hit etc. It was also stated by Goku that even Android 17 was holding back. So at the moment, Android 17 is high up on the ladder and very likely the fourth strongest fighter in Universe 7. Android 18, on the other hand, has received a relative power boost which all the characters, in general, have received to make them relevant in the tournament of power.
We see Piccolo easily defeat SSJ2 Gohan. Android 18 is very likely on the same level as Piccolo or maybe slightly stronger or weaker. Android 17 on the other hand is definitely stronger than SSJG Goku but not stronger than SSJB Goku.

17 and 18 have all the same abilities and unlimited energy, but I feel like 17 is probably a lot stronger, because apparently 17 continued training and seems to be close to Goku's level, while 18 became a mother and didn't really continue her training. I may be wrong, but as far as I can tell, this seems to be the case.

your answer seems speculative

17 took up the job of protecting the rare wild. How's that training?

Maybe I'm mistaken. I thought as they sparred, Goku stated that 17 must've trained hard, and 17 confirmed it. I guess he doesn't say he was training outright. But he did say he wasn't sitting around do nothing this entire time. So I think it's safe to assume that 17 trained plenty.

Android 17 is stronger than 18 because ever since he returned for Dragon Ball Super, he has shown everyone how strong he has become. Even his Barrier improve since we last saw it in Dragon Ball Z. Because in the tournament he used his Barrier in different ways like using it as a Barrier punch on Aniraza and making his Barrier spinning around to toss over that cat girl. It’s amazing how strong he has become, and to me he’s the 3rd strongest character in Universe 7. Since 17 would definitely beat Freiza in a fight.


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Why is it said that the Tsukihime anime "does not exist"?
I've been hearing people talk about how the 2003 Tsukihime anime "does not exist", for example, here and here. I wonder why that is, when the anime had great art and music for its time. On the other hand, I don't hear people saying Studio Deen's Fate/stay night anime does not exist, even though it has had its fair share of criticisms.
So why has the Tsukihime anime acquired this hate? How and when did the saying start to spread, and do the Japanese audiences also echo this phrase online?

"I don't hear people saying Studio Deen's Fate/stay night anime does not exist, even though it has had its fair share of criticisms." - I've definitely heard similar "it doesn't exist"-type jokes about Studio Deen's Fate/stay night adaptation, for what it's worth - especially after Ufotable's adaptation of Unlimited Blade Works (and other Fate-related media).

It certainly comes from the fans who have played the visual novel (VN) and set the expectation too high for the anime adaptation.
Some background, the original Tsukihime VN was stated as an exceptionally big hit for a doujin game in Japan and drew big attention when an anime adaptation was decided. The VN itself also seemed to receive global recognition. Note that it also consists of multiple endings and many backstories and may take more than 30 hours (according to VNDB) to finish all the routes.
Putting aside opinions, the anime was broadcasted for 12 episodes based on a certain character's route:

 "Arcueid's True End"

However, due to the limitation on episode counts and the staffs having troubles in trying to incorporate all elements from the original source, many unimportant settings were left out. Some settings and characters' personality were also changed partially. Moreover, some voice actors were not experienced in anime voice acting, including Nabatame Hitomi (Arcueid's voice actor) making Tsukihime as the debut in TV anime voice acting. Additionally, all of the voice actors were different compared to the Melty Blood which had been released before the anime.
On the other hand, the manga adaptation following the same anime's route was also released at nearly the same time and was serialized for 7 years. While the story development was interwoven with multiple routes, the manga also integrated some references from Tsukihime Tokuhon and Kagetsu Tohya without feeling out of place and losing the original source's atmosphere. Even words of acclaims from the original author were written on the obi.
Now, back to the fans' opinions, there were many reasons why they didn't want to "acknowledge the existence" of this anime. To summarize it:

 - Plot development: all over the place, slow pace, wrong focus, under-/unexplained details, bizarre use of flashbacks
 - Bad presentation: too many non-subtle dialogs instead of actions
 - Characters: modified personality and roles
 - Visual: too many close-up shots of faces/upper torsos, stiff/stilted/ motionless, unremarkable action scenes
 - Audio: over-the-top sound effects, poor translation & dub

and many concluded that it's okay as a standalone work but terrible as an adaptation.
Interestingly, Japanese fans also didn't want to acknowledge the anime's existence. Most of them assumed the anime as "a dark history" and "there's no anime adaptation". Since they had the same opinion as with the global audiences, it's probably safe to say that it has spread since the original TV broadcast in 2003.

Sources:

Japanese Wikipedia
Reviews: AniTAY, MyAnimeList, the escapist Forum, FinalCrosMayCry's WordPress, anime-planet
Japanese Typemoon Wiki


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When was it first shown that Shanks was in XXX's crew?
At which point was it shown that Shanks and Buggy were in Gol D. Roger's crew?
I searched the One Piece Wikia and it was not clear. My friend is in Alabasta arc and I am afraid of spoiling. I don't know if this was already shown...

There have been many subtle hints about Shanks and Roger connections throughout the story. Afaik, it was first confirmed to the Straw Hats in the Sabaody Archipelago Arc. They meet the Vice Captain of Roger Pirates "Dark King" Silvers Rayleigh, who talks about Shanks and Buggy being apprentices as part of Roger's Crew.

However, there have been many hints thrown around throughout the series about this. Here in the Buggy's Arc we see Rayleigh telling off Buggy and Shanks

The actual confirmation of the Hat was much later. We know that Shanks gave Luffy the Strawhat, but it was Roger's was confirmed much later, post time-skip.

Besides what Arcane has said, I think the first "confirmed" instance was in chapter 434, when Shanks had arrived at Whitebeard's ship. Whitebeard was talking about how they had a lot of fights with Roger's ship, and asked Shanks if "red nose" is still alive, which confirms that those two were on Roger's ship as well.

At first Buggy tells to Luffy that he knew Shanks and they were members of the same crew, when Luffy and Buggy were fighting in Anime episode 7 and 8.
Later in episode 316 Whitebeard confirms that Shanks and Buggy were part of Rogger's crew as Cabin Boys.
Luffy gets to know about this when straw hat crew meets Rayleigh in Sabaody Archipelago.


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How could the pilots in mecha anime move their mechas fluently with just primitive controllers?
What's the reason why in many mecha anime like Macross, Gundam, Code Geass, Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann, Kakumeiki Valvrave, Darling in the Franxx and RahXephon, the pilots could move their mechas like the mechas are an extension of their own bodies?
We always see the pilots in the cockpit room with some "controller". But the controllers seem to only have basic functions to allow basic movements such as move forward and backward, turn left and right and such. But in the actual scenes, the mechas could do more than just move squarely, e.g. skillfully dodge the opponents' bullets.
In anime like Neon Genesis Evangelion, Star Driver or Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann, it could be explained away that because the mechas and their pilots are synchronized through the mind, they could do these "acrobatic" movements. However, with anime like Gundam, Macross, Suisei no Gargantia, or Kakumeiki Valvrave, it doesn't make sense...

In-Universe Explanations
In the Gundam franchise, this is explained through the use of advanced computer systems that translate simple joystick motions into complex robotic motions. According to in-universe theory, a human that's working within a bipedal, robot-like machine is able to work most effectively when the machine's movements mimic those of the human body, especially since those movements often balance it efficiently (such as how the legs and back move when you stretch out an arm). As such, engineers design the machine to make those movements automatically as part of a commanded movement.
This principle has been extended to other anime franchises like Macross.
As you write, there are also mind-machine interfaces that translate human thought directly into machine movement.
Real World Explanation
The actual historical answer comes with the dawn of the giant robot genre in the 1970's. Real-life machine interfaces were relatively primitive back then. The average manga reader and anime viewer couldn't really imagine controlling a robot with anything other than joysticks and buttons, so that's what anime and manga artists drew into the cockpits of mecha like Mazinger Z and Getter Robo. They knew those interfaces wouldn't really be enough, but mecha series were cheap children's entertainment with a heavy emphasis on selling toys. It didn't matter if it was realistic, as long as it felt cool.
The boys (and girls!) who watched those shows grew up to make more recent mecha series, and often the unrealistic control schemes are tongue-in-cheek references to the silly controls they saw in those earlier shows. Fundamentally, they understand that making a control scheme realistic didn't matter back then, and doesn't matter now; it doesn't make your show any more or less popular.

Such a great explanation!  +1

Thats where Suspension of Disbelief comes in. We are meant to believe the mecha can be piloted like that and we are shown some rudimentary controls. It is up to us to suspend our disbelief of such primitive controls being able to produce complex motion of the mecha.
Of course, some mecha anime try to provide much more realistic explanation. You mention one, where person's mind is linked with that of a mecha, so thinking about moving your own body will move the mech's body.
Next option is master-slave system, where pilot's body is connected to "skeleton" that captures pilot's movements and translates that to mech's movement. Full Metal Panic's mech work like that.
Another option is one, where the pilot only gives rough high-level commands and it is mech's computer or AI that does all the detailed movement. I belive that is how Susisei no Gargantia's mech works.
In either case, how the mech is piloted is irrelevant in majority of cases. Which is why producers just don't bother to create more realistic system and just do something that vaguelly looks like the pilot is the one in control. It is only when the piloting method actually matters to the plot, that the method is actually fleshed out. For example, in case of Evangelion, the pilot-Eva connection is source of protagonist's mental damage.

In some series like those (Macross, Super Dimensional Calvary Southern Cross) there are also mind-controlled mechas. Those ones would be easier to explain why they have human-like movements since the movements come from the pilot's thoughts on moving himself.
There are more details also in this scifi.stackexchange.com topic
How the pilots in the super dimension fortress macross controls the vf1 battroid

The simplest one is just you THINKING your moving your body, but that's actually the mech. Hell, Unicorn Gundam centralizes this into its plot. Another is simply the system where you move your body inside the mech, and the mech would move the same way. If you want, you can simply COMBINE these two, and you get this:
You think about an action involving your left arm, you execute it by moving the left arm slider forwards. You think about doing an action involving your right leg, you push off the right leg pedal. As a personal headcanon of mine, I think that this is how the humans from Gurren Laggan move the legs of the gunmen.


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If 17's aura isn't ki, what is it then?
In Dragon Ball, aura always meant ki. Recently, however, fighters without ki have been shown to have an aura. First 17, which now it's been explicitly stated he doesn't have ki. Kochiarator, which is a fusion of 3 robots, has been shown to have a sort of aura. And Anisa which is a fusion of 3 robots with a humanoid form definitely has an aura that isn't distinguishable from any other fighter's regular ki aura. So if 17's and other robots' aura aren't ki, what are they supposed to be?

17 was originally a human named Lapis, and Toriyama states that 17 and 18 are half humans. So then why can't it be ki? If it isn't Ki, then it could be a display of charge release, done willingly. The type to intimidate the opponent.

What is ki?It's a form of life force energy used by characters in the Dragon Ball Universe. We consider the aura to be a form of ki and yes it is! Rather than ki, you should look at it as energy. They might both sound very similar but look at it this way. The ki blast fired by a character is different from the ki used while flying. So the aura has to do more about powering up and using energy. A good way to look at the same is if Android 17 were to have unlimited ki in terms of strength, he would technically be stronger than even the Grand Priest because of his unlimited strength, however, the androids only have unlimited stamina(life-energy source).Think of Android 17's power up to him using all his strength.  We know all living beings in Dragon Ball have ki. We also know that the amount of ki can be increased or by training and altered by  transformations or special skills like the Kaio-Ken. We also know that this Ki is not unlimited irrespective of who the being is. There have been many instances where a character (Didn't have enough energy to fight) or didn't have sufficient amount of energy to power up etc which is why they consume Senzu beans. Androids, on the other hand, have a special or unnatural energy source such that their ki capacity is unlimited. Unlike the other species(All species shown on Dragon Ball as of now). Due to the same, androids also have difficulty in sensing ki the way other species do and need special modifications to help locate a particular fighter. There is not definite available answer but this is what I believe. I think the amount of ki associated with stamina and energy has nothing to do with one's strength. In other words, when Goku uses his Super Saiyan transformations and alters his ki, I don't think he gains more life support or more stamina(as a matter of fact, he loses more stamina), yet his ki is altered. The same applies with regard to the androids. The only difference is, the androids have an unlimited source of life-energy(Stamina associated ki). We know Android 17 and even 18 obviously have gotten a lot stronger since the android saga. If they had a fixed capacity of strength ki, they wouldn't have been able to get stronger. Also, Koicherator, Aniraza, and the Androids shouldn't be confused with.Koicherator is a robot. They are 100% mechanically designed. They can power up or gain energy only by physical manipulation i.e(By designing them that way or by using a special power-up like the one Dr.Paparoni used).Aniraza is a fusion between Paproni and the Robot. It is not technically a modification like in case of the androids. I would compare it to the Potara fusion and fusion dance. We know Kefla's ki increased both strength wise and even stamina wise after the Potara fusion. Aniraza could be compared to that.Finally, Android 17 is a cyborg. He was a human-modified with mechanical parts. He has a special modification in him which gives him unlimited stamina. Since he's part human, he does have an unnatural source of Ki and also has the ability to get stronger with training, unlike Koicherator and Aniraza.


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How much time passed in Dragon Ball Super between the Resurrection of F saga and the Universal Tournament saga?
In Dragon Ball Super we see a huge boost in power of Piccolo, who jumped from

 Being weaker than Super Saiyan Gohan in the Resurrection of F saga, to be stronger than SSJ2 Gohan in the Universal Tournament saga.

This doesn't make much sense unless a decent amount of time passed between the arcs and he did some special training or something. Therefore, my question is, how much time passed in Dragon Ball Super between the Resurrection of F saga and the Universal Tournament saga?

Piccolo may have used Hyperbolic time chamber for training purpose

yeah, we have to imagine that. This isnt new. Dragon Ball not caring much about continuity and fans having to fill in the plotholes. The problem is many times later, the authors dont take in consideration fans fillers explanation and fell in new plotholes again

Roughly a year.
According to http://dragonball.wikia.com/wiki/Dragon_Ball_Timeline
Resurrection F happens in Aug 779, and Tournament of power occurs in December 780


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What happened to Kurama?
So it's been a couple of years since Naruto ended, and I don't think the author answered this question/mystery within the Narutoverse: Isn't a Bijuu supposed to die after the host's death? How exactly did Minato have 50% left within him, and why did this chakra not return to Naruto?
If this was answered in some interview or solved, could you direct me to them? This could be counted as plotholes or something that was left to reader's discretion by Kishimoto-sensei.

Asking multiple questions in one post is not recommended, unless they are very closely related. Please read the [tour] and the [ask] pages, those may be helpful.

so i was wondering if an exception could be made , since these all questions seperately are pretty vague ? and make sense to be answered since they are part of one universe? should i wait for a moderator to check or break it down right now?

You can Begin thinking about breaking it down, but since I'm not a frequent user of this site, I'd say you should also consult other people. Why not try chat?

@Shashi456 the problem with asking multiple unconnected question (excluding universe connection) like this is that people tend not to answer all of them in the one answer. for instance with 1 and 5 someone can post an answer for 1 but not on 5 and someone might answer 5 but not 1, which answer is correct then?

So if I edit it will it be put off hold?

you can edited it and if it's on topic we can reopen your question

What about now @Memor-X

@Shashi456 While your post is better than previously, you are still asking many questions in a single post. Don't hesitate to ask multiple questions in multiple posts rather than trying to keep everything together. But still, it is better now than before :)

Done finally I guess xD

Sound fine for me, I voted in favor of the reopen

Matt @Memor-X Maroon , is it okay now

@Shashi456 to me yes and i have already cast a reopen vote

I think the part about the Biju dying when the Jinchuriki dies was mention when Naruto got Kurama sealed in him or when Kakashi killed Rin. Either way, I think the Biju does die but it's only temporarily apparently (I think Kushina said this, not sure though).

Yeah so if it does , shouldn't it have happened that the other 50% should have returned to Naruto ?

The other answers are good, but they don't really point out the main reason why Yin Kurama did not reincarnate.
The Reaper Death Seal, or Dead Demon Consuming Seal is a special kind of seal. It not only kills you, but your soul is sealed inside the Reapers Stomach. By doing so, you are cut off from the Pure land.
From the entry on Bijuu

Because the tailed beasts are pure chakra, they cannot actually be killed; if they or their jinchūriki die, their chakra will re-coalesce in time. In addition, if a large portion of a tailed beast's chakra is separated from it, that chakra becomes a separate, sentient copy of the tailed beast.

This is the 2 bits of most important information here. First, Kurama was split in half, and the Yin half was sealed in Minato. This half was then taken into the Reapers Stomach, where it was sealed.
Now, as noted, they can not die. So why didn't the Yin half revive? Simple, Because they don't actually revive. As noted in the quote, their Chakra once dispersed due to death of some kind, will coalesce, giving them form again. However, the half sealed in Minato's soul was taken into the Reapers Stomach, and there it was sealed. There is no way for it to escape, and so it cant merge back with Yang Kurama, nor can it coalesce into its own half. Bijuu can not easily escape from their Jinchuriki, and the Reaper Death seal is like an incredibly powerful version of that.
so Tl;DR, Bijuu don't die, ever. They just disperse and coalesce. However, Yin Kurama was sealed into the Reapers Stomach, and not only could not escape, but didn't even disperse in the first place.

When Minato used the Reaper Death (Dead Demon Consuming) Seal he essentially split Kurama into two parts:

Yang Kurama
Yin Kurama

Each half Kurama have their own conscience, making them two separate entities.

Later, when Naruto and Minato bumped fists, Yin and Yang-Kurama came in contact with each other, with Yang-Kurama greeting its other half casually and asking it to share its chakra, which led Yin-Kurama to note that asking itself for chakra was an odd situation

The reason for separating the charka was because an infant would not be able to withstand the power of Kurama if he had contained both sides of his chakra.

Since Kurama's chakra was too immense to be sealed within an infant like Naruto, Minato first used the Dead Demon Consuming Seal to separate and seal its Yin half within himself and then prepared the Eight Trigrams Seal to imprison the Yang half within Naruto

Furthermore, Minato, knowing the consequence of performing the Reaper Death (Dead Demon Consuming) Seal, seals Yin Kurama within himself.

When Minato uses it, he seals only the Nine-Tails' yin chakra, leaving its yang chakra alone; this sealing of its yin chakra into himself makes him its jinchūriki.

The consequence? Death.... kind of.

For a few moments afterwards the summoner can continue moving and speaking, allowing them to finish any lingering business they may have. Shortly afterwards the Shinigami will consume their soul and the soul of their target(s), ending their life. The souls of those trapped within the Shinigami's stomach cannot enter the Pure Land and are destined to fight with their victims for all eternity

With Kurama being split into two separate entities, one half was trapped within Minato while the other half lived on and was sealed within Naruto. Because the souls are trapped within the Shinigami's stomach, destined to fight each other, this also explains why Minato is able to use Nine Tails Chakra Mode.

typo in the last paragraph "Because the souls are trapped within the Pure Land"

@Ryan:  Next time you could suggest an edit for it, too.  The site's pretty flexible like that.

During the Nine-Tails attack, Minato divided Kurama's chakra into two parts. Reason is that Kurama has a huge amount of chakra that couldn't be sealed inside baby Naruto.
So Minato used the Reaper Death Seal to seal one half of the chakra inside him as there was nowhere else to seal Kurama, and not sealing the other half will create further problems (like more destruction to the village).
Now in case of Reaper Death Seal, the soul is trapped inside the belly of the death god, so nothing can escape it. When Orochimaru released the trapped souls, everyone came out. I think this is why Kabuto never reanimated any of the hokages. And as Kurama was trapped inside Minato, so that chakra never escaped.


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Law regarding doujinshi
Doujinshi, as defined on Wikipedia, are self-published works. While not all doujinshi are derived from other manga, they mostly are, like the many Touhou and Naruto doujins. The works that they are derived from are mainly those with copyrights, meaning that the characters depicted in those original works are also protected and thus cannot be used without consent of the copyright holders. However, as we can see from Yuru Yuri, Oreimo and the Comiket in real life, doujinshi are sold in Comiket. When they are derived from other works and sold, it means that their use is for commercial purpose, which would be very likely prohibited by the copyright holders. Yet, they keep selling doujinshi in every Comiket and the police ain't doing anything about it.
Thus my question: what is the law behind doujinshi? Does every doujinshi sold in Comiket have a written consent from the copyright holders? Or is it the case that by labeling their works as doujinshi, they are exempted from the copyright law? What about the R-18+ doujinshi?

Very broadly, the answer would be that the works are in breach of intellectual property laws, but the culture in Japan is such that the doujinshi artists are not hammered with copyright police in the same way that someone selling unofficial Deadpool comics in the US might be. It probably helps that several popular mainstream manga artists have also drawn doujinshi, meaning that there isn't such a great divide between the creators and the fans.

From what I can gather, when doujinshi breach IP laws, the copyright holders just look at it as free publicity.  There's also a large history of mangaka getting started by producing doujinshi, before becoming professional mangaka, so having a lot of doujinshi available likely makes it easier for companies to sample for up-and-coming artists they might want to hire.  I don't have any official sources, but there's actually a good examination of it at TV Tropes.

This article on Tofugu really explains the doujinshi and its circumstance very well...

To understand the Japanese law, you need to learn the idea of "Antragsdelikt" (親告罪, shinkokuzai).
This means if copyright holder doesn't complain about the doujinshi, it's not illegal.
Most publishers in Japan don't prohibit doujinshi (at least explicitly), thus it's not illegal. It's because many commercial manga authors also create doujinshi, and publishers hire manga author from Comiket, so both are in same ecosystem. If publishers prohibit doujinshi, it also "kills" manga authors.
Some mangas like UQ Holder! or Knights of Sidonia" were marked explicitly to allow doujinshi.

Symbol of Doujin Mark License, courtesy of Wikipedia
Many 18+ game makers like Key, Alice or Nitroplus have explicit permit to create doujinshi based on their game. In this case, doujinshi is totally legal.
But when a publisher starts to complain about it, doujinshi will become illegal. For example, there is a doujinshi that titled "The last episode of Doraemon". The original author of Doraemon died before writing the last episode and no one knows the story of the official last episode. The doujinshi contains a fake last episode. In this case, the publisher of Doraemon complained and the author of the doujinshi stopped distributing it.
The future of doujinshi is not clear. If Japan join to the TPP, it will enforce US style copyright system to Japan. Many doujinshi authors are afraid that it means the end of doujinshi world.


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How did Araragi become tolerant to the sun?
In the beginning of Kizumonogatari Tekketsu-hen,

 Araragi is burnt because he is exposed to the sun.

I thought he would become sun tolerant after he is 'cured' of being a vampire since he can walk in the sun without problems in the other seasons.
However, there is a scene in Nekketsu-hen where

 he is having a chitchat with Hanekawa out in the open.

Is this some kind of inconsistency? Or did something happen in between?

He was just made a vampire, and Shinobu said she drank all of his blood and it was just barely enough. Later we see Hanekawa mention that his physique has improved a lot since the last time they spoke, and he's very muscular now. At the time he was still pretty slim. So I guess that momentary weakness is just a temporary state through which he has transitioned pretty quickly.

I'll answer you but I have to say that I will spoil the end of the light novel (and the third animation movie).
In the whole story of Kizumonogatari Araragi is never outside when there is light. If there is light in the movie, it's just a mistake. A reason for Shaft to make something beautiful, that's all.
About the following stories of Monogatari, you will notice that Araragi lost the most part of his vampire abilities. In the end of Kizumonogatari you will learn that Araragi have to kill Shinobu if he wants to turn into a human. That's why Shinobu is so weak in Bakemonogatari. Araragi didn't want to kill Shinobu so they found a compromise. By weakening Shinobu, Araragi became weak as a vampire and lost the most part of his abilities. It also means that his weakenesses, like the sun became less important.
You will notice in bakemonogatari and other stories that Araragi hates the sun, not because he hates it as a human, but because he kept a small part of his weakeness to the sun.
Actually, at the beginning of the Kizumonogatari movie Shinobu looks younger than in Bakemonogatari but that's not the case. This is misleading. In the light novel they say she look like a ten year old girl in Kizumonogatari and a eight year old girl in Bakemonogatari.
This also explain why Araragi is able to regenerate himself so fast in his battle against Kagenui Yozuru. Shinobu was older in this scene. She was a teenager.
I checked on the wiki and here is what they say :

Kiss shot planned on having Koyomi kill her so she could finally find
  a proper way to die and allow her minion to turn back into a human.
  Instead, after having her plan revealed, Koyomi rejects it as he
  doesn't want to kill her. With the help of Meme Oshino, he finds a
  compromise that leaves no ones wishes granted. Instead of killing her
  completely, he would get her to the brink of death, weakening her
  power, making him as close to human as possible. In return, she'd be
  so weak that she wouldn't even be able to take the same name anymore.
  To keep her alive, Koyomi would occasionally feed her his blood. This
  plan goes through. The now unnamed vampire holds a grudge and refuses
  to speak.

Source : http://bakemonogatari.wikia.com/wiki/Shinobu_Oshino

Watching the scene again, there are two peculiar things that might explain your question.
First is that the whole segment is tinted heavily orange. This might indicate that it either is a dawn or a sunrise. This means there is no direct sunglight. Or it might be artistic way of showing Araragi's perception of night time, as it was stated that Araragi's vampire abilities allow him to see in the dark as if it was daylight.
Second thing to note is that the sky is really cloudy. This again means that there is no direct sunlight.
In either case, the segment is drawn to show clearly that there is no direct sunlight, nor that there is possibility of there being even ray of sunlight. This allows Araragi to walk outside, even if it might seem that it is a day.


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Does Hisoka conjure cards?
It is seen in anime that Hisoka hurls many cards, yet he never runs out of cards.
He was never shown to buy, borrow or steal a deck of cards either.
Moreover, he gets his cards out of nowhere in his hands (he never slips his hands into his pockets or his clothing to fetch cards).
So does he have the power of conjuring cards?
Similarly, does Illumi have the power of conjuring needles, and does Gotoh have the power of conjuring coins?
Or do they (i.e. Hisoka, Illumi and Gotoh) belong to the category of Emmiter?

Those are real Cards, Coins and Needles.
Chalk it up to Anime trope that he doesn't run out of Cards. Also its a logical fallacy to assume Hisoka doesn't buy/borrow/steal cards since its not shown. The seemingly cards out of nowhere is a nod to the "Magician" theme of Hisoka.
Hisoka carries with him a normal Deck of cards and uses Nen (Shu(?)) to make it razor sharp enough to kill. Similarly Gotoh and Illumi can use Nen to fashion deadly projectiles.
One of the examples I can use here is that of Gotoh vs Hisoka fight.

 Hisoka was able to fire back the coins used by Gotoh, if they were conjured he would've simple "unconjured" them instead of shooting them down. This I think proves the coins were real

This is a common trope in many Anime or Manga where the characters have seemingly endless supplies of "anything" they may need. Kunai and Shuriken in Naruto never seem to run out, Duelists in Yu-Gi-Oh never run out of cards etc.

"Duelists in Yu-Gi-Oh never run out of cards" except when Yugi was fighting that Rare Hunter Marik was controlling, the only way he won was to use Marik's strategy in making Slifer the Sky Dragon powerful was making it enter an endless loop in which Marik's Rare Hunter ended up drawing every card from his deck (which the rules state that if you have no cards to draw you loose the match)

@Memor-X Despite several subversions of the trope for reasons of plot, it is a common trope. I made a generic statement. Taking the example of Naruto again. Shikamaru had a limit on the number of Ninja Tools he had against Tayuya while he seemingly had unlimited against Hidan. I am sure there are instances where Yugi fought "very" long fights without running out of cards.

Maybe, He was shown to conjure his bungee gum with coins attached to it, Also cards don’t kill people and those are obviously not metal so that was a hint of shu existing.