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Why is King Arthur female? Why is Iskander tall?
I've watched both the Fate/Zero and Fate/Stay Night anime (including the Unlimited Blade Works movie), but none of the visual novels, so no spoilers from that unless they are light spoilers. One thing that bothered me was that despite the fact that heroic spirits are defined by the public opinion/view of them, some heroes had qualities that were in direct opposition of what the public thought.
We know that heroic spirits, being sealed on their Throne of Heroes, are meant to be completely unchanged. This is the entire point of the Throne of Heroes. But this seems to be in opposition of the previous fact that heroic spirits are defined by what others think they are. Then there are Counter Guardians who are completely different, I believe, in that they are not sealed on their Throne of Heroes.
One particularly important Counter Guardian of the series is Arturia, or Saber. Arturia is female, despite the fact that she was treated by even her contemporaries as male, and has gone done in history as male. In fact, there isn't even any small hint as to Arturia's gender being anything other than male in our history, or the history of the Nasuverse (I believe). This being true, shouldn't Arturia be male?
This not being the case shouldn't Arturia be erased, or else create instability in the World? Same with Iskander. In history he is known for being pretty short, even for a Macedonian. That he is very tall means there is an incongruity with human knowledge and true fact.
Furthermore, in the Unlimited Blade Works movie Archer is revealed to be Heroic Spirit Emiya. If Heroic Spirit Emiya is summoned before he is even a hero, or acquired his gift from the World, etc., then how is it that Heroic Spirit Emiya is even strong at all? The power of a Servant being based on their popularity at the time of their summoning, Emiya should be weaker than pretty much every other Servant, and then some.
Maybe I'm just over-analyzing things, or I have some misconception. In any case, answers are appreciated.

Fate Stay Night's predecessor has Arturia being male and the main character being female, but the gender is switched around when it is made into a visual novel to fit the demographic of the game.

Right, I understand that, but is there a reason within the lore of the show? Really all the writers had to do to make things consistent was turn King Arthur into Joan of Arc, so why did they choose to keep the character as King Arthur? I really would like to believe that the writing isn't so bad as to have such an obvious flaw.

Though I don't believe it is discussed in FATE canon, there are elements of Arthurian legend that make more sense if Arthur is Arturia.  Like why Uther hid his heir, and Gwen's affair.

Firstly, Altria. what we see in Fate/Stay Night is not originally what Kinoko Nasu first wrote, the original version was called Old Fate (旧Fate) or Fate Origin which was re-imagined into Fate/Prototype, in this Altria's character would have been a man (Arthur) and Shirou's character would be female (Ayaka Sajyou). Of course, this is no longer part of the Canon that is the Nasuverse but I thought I point out that originally Altria would have been a man.
As for Altria herself being a woman, Merlin's prophecy never indicated the gender of the future king, it was just a common view that a King would be a man; the inscription on Excalibur (or Caliburn, I can't remember which it was) also didn't indicate that a man had to be the one to pull the sword out.
As Altria acted the part of the king, she dressed and acted much like one, even to the point that Merlin made her into a pseudo-male and Mordred's identity was concealed, so because of that, their genders are normally concealed and were thought to be men. There is also ambiguity with the Arthurian Legend as in the Visual Novel, Shirou says that some legends portrayed "Arthur" as a woman or a group of people, which is why he wasn't surprised that "Arthur" was a woman (more so that he summoned her).
Also, "King Arthur" became more of a symbol than anything else. Merlin was clearly aware of this when he warned Altria before she pulled the sword from the stone that if she did she wouldn't be human anymore.
One thing you may have missed is that Altria isn't in the Throne of Heroes like most heroic spirits. Those who are in the Throne of Heroes are in there because they made a contract with the world to receive the strength to be a hero so it's their price. Altria became a hero on her own, but on her death. She desired the Holy Grail to redo the sword-drawing Ceremony and find someone whom she believed to be more capable of being a king than her. She made a contract with the world to become a heroic spirit if she got it. Therefore, while Servants like Iskander or Gilgamesh who are copies with their original still at the Throne of Heroes, Altria is always herself. This is why she can remember the events between wars when normally even if a heroic spirit is summoned again they won't remember any other wars they were in.

Now, let us move on to Heroic Spirit EMIYA, who is a Counter Guardian. Before I begin, I should point out Altria is not a Counter Guardian. Counter Guardians are a special group within Heroic Spirits who made a contract with Alaya and as such they are incorporated as part of humanity’s Counter Force summoned whenever a factor in the extinction of mankind is detected.
Regarding EMIYA's summoning, he is summoned from another reality which is entirely possible for the Holy Grail. One of the key things in the Nasuverse is that there are alternate timelines which are all still Canon because of the Second Magic which is the Operation of Parallel Worlds. The 5th Magic's Domain is unknown but it's abilities are related to Time Travel. However, Touko Aozaki claims there should be more to it because time travel is also governed by the Second Magic. Kischur Zelretch Schweinorg who wields the 2nd Magic was actually present when the Holy Grail System was first created, so being able to get Heroes and the such from other times and realities would then be possible if it incorporated principles of the 2nd Magic (which I would do in order to crystallizes a Servant's feats in the from of the Nobel Phantasm).
Now in EMIYA's timeline, the 5th Holy Grail war was a disaster:

 In Heaven's Feel route in the visual novel, Archer recognized Sakura's Shadow and how it was attributed to Angra Mainyu. Whether it acted during his 5th Holy Grail War is unknown but it is clear that Angra Mainyu and the Greater Holy Grail was not destroyed/shut down before a major disaster occurred.

If EMIYA came from the same reality that Fate/Stay Night was in, then he would have known that he would have not been able to kill himself and by killing himself he may have caused more destruction. Practically, Fate/Stay Night occurs in a separate timeline/reality to the one EMIYA existed and the Grail summoned him because of Rin's Pendent which he still kept. So if EMIYA's strength comes from how popular his legend is, then it will be unaffected because his Legend is from a separate reality which will still be known.

 Also Rin is shown to be able to draw Mana from other realities in Heaven's Feel by using an implantation of the 2nd Magic

Now I haven't read all too much into Iskander so I can't vouch for the difference with his legend. However, this could be explained because the Holy Grail System is damaged. Rather that rehashing what caused it because it could be spoilers, you can read the 3rd and 4th Paragraphs here to read up on the discrepancies with the Servant Summons or look up on the wiki on how the system was originally created. However, since Mordred's legend is unaltered in Fate/Apocrypha, and in that timeline the Einzbern's summoned Ruler rather than Avenger, we can safely say that Altria wasn't altered when being summoned.

Please check the edit to "wouldn't not...". I can't tell what you meant.

I really think you need to add a short version, like a summary of your answer as it is too long

Rin's only attempt at anything related to Second Magic is in Fate/hollow ataraxia, where she attempts to make a miniature Jewel Sword (and fails with spectacular results). Therefore this point is not applicable.

Also in Fate/complete material II: Character Material, it's mentioned that her name is romanized as "Altria."

@nhahtdh it was meant to be "would've not" as i was explaining that EMIYA couldn't foresee the outcome

@ShinobuOshino i cut down most of the bulk of explaining Altria, but i can't find anything else that would needed to be cut out of summerised as i had to clarify that Altria isn't in the Throne of Heros and what a Counter Guardian was

@Krazer Rin uses the Jewel Sword against the Shadow Giants, though i may have got it wrong in how she herself is using the 2nd Magic the point to that was to show that the 2nd Magic can draw power from other realities, so EMIYA's strength would be drawn from the reality he came from

@Krazer i have my suspicions because ト = To and the Wikia references that aswell, while i know it's bad practice to rely in a Wikia Wiki i think the guys who maintain the Type-Moon one do a good job with references. however i do remember reading that Arturia was a mistranslated of her name which has stuck

Thank you for you answer. The lore is interesting, but shouldn't Saber be male whether or not she is male or female originally, because the manifestation of a hero in the Holy Grail War is based on the human knowledge of that hero at the time of summoning? That is my question. Perhaps I didn't word it correctly, sorry.

@Natusake looking over the Summoning it doesn't seem like what the Master knows of the legend has sway though i haven't watched Fate/Zero to see Kiritsugu's reaction Altria or what he knew originally. ofcause as i mentioned Shirou in the Visual Novel does indicate there are legends of "King Arthur" not being a man and Rin was just trying to summon a Saber because Saber is the strongest class, i don't think she had a hero in mind (The Visual Novel delves deeper into what Rin did before Summoning Archer)

Well, I thought that humanity's knowledge itself of a particular legend is what effects how that hero is manifest, aside from class considerations and the like.

@Natusake i think humanity's knowledge of the legend doesn't affect who they are all that much, just their abilities/phantasms like with Vlad III's Legend of Dracula, also Jack the Ripper was a little girl only wanting the warmth of her mother awhile the common myth to Jack would be he was a grown man, and the Fuyuki Grail is what drives the War in Fate/Apocrypha so the system would still be the same

There is the Innocent Monster Personal Skill however the only Servants in the Nasuverse which who's had this skill were summoned in the Moon Cell so different rules

@кяαzєя In F/SN HF she uses it when fighting

The original author Nasu Kinoko mentioned that having a female protagonist with a male Servant wouldn't be very interesting. The male version (mistakenly romanized as "Saver" [セーバー] in Character Material, as opposed to "Saber" [セイバー]) from his original draft depicted him as being cocky and arrogant, still having the same sense of duty of the female Saber.
When you think about it, Nasu uses the gender bender plot device in an interesting way by making (female) Saber, aka Altria, out as a character that's not influenced by preconceived notions of the mythologies behind her character.
When you break everything down, Servants and their Noble Phantasms are a little more than  "historical figures" and "magical artifacts," which make them out to be incarnate legends. These so-called "legends" are seen as a whole by everyone. So there exists certain exaggerations that probably never happened to the figures themselves that get seen when they are summoned as Servants. Some notable examples from Fate/Stay Night are:

Heracles' (abnormal) size
Gilgamesh's blonde hair
Gilgamesh's Gate of Babylon possessing of all the Noble Phantasms in history (anachronistic, the regions and times don't line up appropriately)
Heracles' twelve lives (this is more or less a reworking of the 12 labors)
Assassin's very existence (note that this version of Sasaki Kojirou [summoned by Caster] never actually existed)

The Grail isn't as omnipotent as many believe. It's rather incomplete and merely makes the soul and puts it into raw energy. How the Grail gathers the information and how the Third Magic and it tie everything together is not explicitly mentioned. It's possible that being incomplete, the Grail gathers the soul and then creates the body and abilities from contemporary knowledge of the time of the war. Assassin, though never having actually existed (he himself even admits this), is realized by the Grail. So it's possible for the Grail to create a soul and body from a fictitious literature/accounts.
The story attempts to provide unique plot with unique scenarios, all while drawing from familiar mythos. It's possible that all these changes were a plot device or a creative license by the author to keep this interesting.

Sasaki Kojirou's summoning may have been a result of the System being broken since Mediea and Medusa wasn't supposed to be summoned either, however how the Grail gets the data you may be right since the Fuyuki Grail summons this Vlad while the Moon Cell which has watched history unfold summons this Vlad however i would think that the 2nd Magic would play some part since the creators of the Grail were Zelretch's students (at least Einzbern and Makiri)

@Memor-X Moon Cell is a special case (Arcueid, get summoned) and can't really be compared to the Fuyuki Grail. The corrupted grail merely make it possible to summon Servants that's not of the Good alignment. It's mentioned that Tousaka’s ancestor (one of the ppl that helped establish the Holy Grail Wars) was one of Zelretch's least promising one promising students. The Matou family were the ones that established Servant System, but none of Zelretch's pupils were anywhere close to being able to touch upon Second Magic.

Furthermore, aside from the title "Administration of Parallel World" and the fragments left by Zelretch, we don't know it's exact properties. There's no way to be sure if the Five True Magics related to one another, but from what we've seen so far and from MahouYoru they are each unique within it's own regards.

If your talking about how i made reference to the 5th magic i was referring to Touko Aozaki claiming that Time Travel is governed by the 2nd Magic, i included that in case if someone pointed out that "Aoko controlled time but she wasn't there with Zelretch"

from what i read, Nagato Tousaka while concidered a mage apprentice, was mainly a tag along who Zelretch looked out for

Rules are made to be broken
This is the mantra to always keep in mind when engaging the Fate series.
By default—the "rule"—servants are summoned with their body as in their prime (physical prime normally, though servants renowned for more mental deeds would be in their mental prime, which could be quite a good deal older).  Except when they aren't.
Leonard Da Vinci could be summoned in the appearance of the Mona Lisa, both because that is the mental image people most often immediately associate with Da Vinci (even though they know they're distinct people), and because Da Vinci himself wanted to.
Penthesilea may have died so incensed by Achilles seeing her as a woman rather than a warrior even on the battlefield that she intentionally manifests as a child version of herself, hoping to make it impossible to suffer such an indignity again.
Napoleon can be summoned as a tall, manly bro if he is summoned more for the concepts he represents (achieving the impossible, responding to the wishes of the people, etc.) than anything else.
So the rule can be subverted by legends and history providing many alternatives for what their appearance and prime are, as well as the very will of the spirit itself.  The spirits are enticed there with the promise of a wish on the grail, but the spirit ultimately influences how they manifest in order to best pursue their goal (whether it's the wish on the grail, or simply a chance to fight honorably against other heroes, or whatever else).
Heroes are not (always) one-dimensional
Any servant is just a distilled interpretation of the sum total of their history and legends.  The servant Classes are just limited vessels the spirit is shoehorned into.
While Hercules may have legends about his archery skills (including arrows dipped in Hydra blood/poison), when summoned as a Berserker the archery aspects do/can get filtered out as irrelevant.  And Cu Chulainn may have some limited rune capabilities as a lancer, but their full capacity is drawn out only if he is summoned as a Caster.
As the last example points out, the form and nature of a servant is also influenced by the class they are summoned into, which is in turn related to the summoner.  With no catalyst, the grail attempts (another rule, here) to summon a hero that is similar to its summoner, in order to assist their cooperation.  With a catalyst, it attempts to pick a version of the hero that is, again, similar to its summoner, though this may be harder to achieve.
The latter is the case with the Saber and her summoner from Fate/Zero. The summoner would have infinitely preferred an Assassin, as that suited his personality and style better, but his catalyst pretty much forced a Saber that was intensely dedicated to open and honorable combat.
Gilles de Rais might also be a soldier, as when he served Jeanne d'Arc or a horrifying occultist.  His history and legends include both tales of a competent solider and strategist, as well as that of a child-sacrificing occultist driven mad by Jeanne's death.  Which one you get depends on the situation and the summoner (if any).
History can be inaccurate or ambiguous
When a gender swap (from our perspective) happens with a character, a common explanation is that the historical record simply got it wrong.  Francis Drake is a guy, right?  Nope, she's actually a beautiful woman with giant bazongas; we just remember it wrong.  Other heroes may have ambiguous gender (and/or sexuality) in their histories, which may allow them to be summoned in a seeming gender-swap.  Just try to figure out what Astolfo or Chevalier d'Eon are without cheating.
As women frequently occupied a notably inferior position in the social order for much of  history throughout much of the world, this creates a strong incentive for ambitious and adventurous women to mask themselves as men in order to realize their goals and dreams.  Assassins may have benefited from a certain amount of gender fluidity, as being able to pass for men or women would make it easier to slip through vulnerabilities to reach their targets.  Even some historical generals and warriors have records drawing into question their gender.  Did they never have children or much interest in women because they just weren't that sexual, and were singularly focused on their duties?  Or perhaps they were actually a woman?
In the case of King Arthur (the Fate version of which was originally known as Artoria, but has more recently been changed to be named Altria), in the FSN story/explanation her true identity was masked and known only to a few. She was kept at a distance or in a heavily masking helm when visible to the public. Other public appearances were often done by Gawain or another Knight-in-the-know, borrowing Excalibur if necessary to really sell it. The average citizen would have few to no opportunities to see the King anyway. And in this setting Arthur is noted (and at times criticized) for being an extremely distant, removed, and unemotional ruler: this was the behavior of the ideal King that she envisioned.  The King's aging was also stopped the moment she pulled out the sword in the stone, permanently leaving her as an androgynous/tomboyish 14 year old (I think materials may now be saying 16, instead).
King Arthur herself was so dedicated to maintaining the deception and being the ideal King that she developed body image issues, supposing herself to be muscled and un-woman like when the protagonist actually succeeds in developing a romantic connection, despite her obviously waif-like appearance and porcelain skin.  She had the heart of the dragon and superhuman strength as a result, which may have encouraged herself to see herself this way.  And the conflicts caused by her true gender motivates many other story points in Arthurian legend: why there is a faction of rebels that Mordred can join (not everyone likes a cold and distant king, but she must be so to maintain the ruse, or so she thinks), why Mordred even wants to rebel, why Guinevere and Lancelot hook up (Guinevere was not a lesbian or bisexual, and she had needs; Arthur intentionally overlooks their relationship, until it becomes public knowledge, out of guilt for how difficult their marriage was for Guinevere, and punishes Lancelot only out of a sense of Kingly necessity rather than any actual feelings of betrayal), etc.
Iskandar also falls into this, as Iskandar himself explains the basis for supposing he was short is because he was compared to even more gigantic figures.  In particular he says the historical accounts say he was dwarfed by the throne of Darius because Darius himself was a giant among men, who truly did make the beefy Iskandar look short and puny in comparison.
It's a multiverse (and then some)
The Fate universe, or more broadly the Nasuverse, is a multiverse setting in rather the most expansive sense.  Multiple universes, alternative histories, time travel shenanigans, etc. are all available.  One story in the Nasuverse may be incompatible with others for any number of reasons; a character in one may simply not exist in the other.  In particular, every single storyline that occurs in a game like Fate/Stay night—including bad endings, not just the normal/true endings—are canonically true and all happened, just across a variety of timelines/worlds.
Moreover, the Throne of Heroes, where the Heroic spirits reside and are summoned from, sits outside of time and the world, and has access to all of these alternative timelines etc.  So heroes have a multitude of possibilities available to them, not all of which need to have been realized within the world and timeline their spirit is summoned into.
The prototypical example is a certain FSN servant who comes from the future of a timeline that is not covered by any of the routes or endings of the FSN game itself (and has never been fully detailed).
Out of universe rationales
The out of universe rationale for gender swaps and appearance changes is the same one as usual: making money.  It was determined that a Female main character with a Male Servant wouldn't sell as well as a Male main character with a Female Servant.  So once that was settled on the easiest thing to do was to just swap the genders, and so bam, female King Arthur is born. Other characters had their appearances changed to fit modern perceptions of what an archetype should look like.  The vainglorious, obscenely wealthy, painfully arrogant king should be more of a pretty-boy, with golden hair to reflect his wealth (gold); not the rough-and-tumble manly warrior that Gilgamesh perhaps ought to have really looked like.  The ultimately in manly, world-conquering, modern bro-dom should be huge and muscled and gruff, his intrinsically intimidating physique contrasted with how amiable and bro-like he behaves; not the rather more effeminate physique that Alexander the Great should have had.

Since no one seems to have touched on the King of Conquerors: they explained that in the book shop, that the wording of his legacy was wrong and he was always that huge, just the throne that has been known to depict him as small was even more massive than he is now. Similarly, you should just give lean for creative differences. Alexander was actually known in life to be clean-shaven, pale and dark haired, nothing like the Fate/Zero depiction.


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Why does Fujin choose to talk the way she does?
In Final Fantasy VIII, Fujin talks using one-word sentences throughout most of the game.

However, close to the end of the game, she uses much longer sentences when she is pleading with Seifer to stop what he is doing.

Now it's obvious that it's a decision on her part to talk like in the first screenshot, and while I can assume she only makes "small talk", is it explained why she uses one word most of the time which can be read as yelling (all caps)? Is it like this in the Japanese version?

Until disc 3 or so, Fujin speaks only in kanji in the Japanese version.

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What does Naruto mean when he said that Sasuke is the one that accepted him?
Well, I've really been thinking for this for a long time now and still I can't understand what Naruto means when he said that Sasuke is the one that accepted him and his existence more than anyone.

Any reference to chapter in the manga or the episode in the anime would help us understand the context better.

Ill write a answer shortly. Unless somebody beats me to it. The term he is talking about is one of many. Ill be using the term in episode 132 of Naruto at 15:08 as a example :)

The quote you are talking about,  most likely is this one used in Shippuuden

Way back, I used to hate Sasuke... But once I got used to being with him I realized he's really a lot of fun... to be around...he's the person that, more than anyone else accepted me and my existence. Sasuke is my friend... and he represents bonds that I waited so long to receive, so that's why... - Uzumaki Naruto

By this point in the story you should already know how hated Naruto was in town, and how nobody would acknowledge him as he was the scary nine-tails. But then Sasuke came along, which in Naruto's eyes was similar to him as they where both 'alone'. They started to build up a rival like relationship, pretty much the same as Kakashi and Gai have a rivalship. At this point Sasuke did no longer see him as the "dangerous  9 tailed", and slowly started to acknowledge Naruto as an equal, a rival, and as a friend.

 In episode 132 just after Sasuke says that skilled shinobi can read each others minds during combat, without even saying a word. There is a insight on how Naruto looks at Sasuke from 13:07 ~ 18:28 . Something similar happens in Shippuuden as well, just after the battle with Danzo.

A note: The children of the village did not know that Naruto was the 9 tails. They just knew the ninjas and their elders were scared of him and avoided him. The children of the village weren't allowed to know, under the last wish of the fourth hokagi so Naruto would have a chance to make some friends later in his life.

Well we know that from the start people of Konoha hated Naruto and were afraid of him because of him being the nine-tails Jinchuriki.
But when he met Sasuke he felt that Sasuke was also alone, just like him. That Sasuke didn't hate him and wasn't afraid of him. And in time he developed a bond with him, A bond of understanding. Naruto felt that Sasuke is just like him.
In the Zabuza incident Sasuke was ready to sacrifice himself to save Naruto, this had a great effect on him. From that day he developed an inexplicable bond with him.

I guess accepting someone means really acknowledging that person and Naruto always acknowledged Sasuke when it comes to competing. Naruto never cared as to what others are doing. He was pin pointed at Sasuke as Sasuke was getting a lot of attention and Naruto always wanted to be acknowledged and known like Sasuke.
Sasuke never acknowledged much people in his life but he always acknowledged Naruto more than anyone as he always competed with him all the time.Both were catching up with each other. Both wanted to become stronger than other.

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When did Naruto mention his name to Jiraiya?
I know this is too sudden and I also know that it's quite useless to ask since it's now way too far from the storyline of the manga and anime. But it's just that I'm too curious. I'm rewatching the anime again, and I don't seem to see the part where Naruto mentions his name to Jiraiya.

possible duplicate: http://anime.stackexchange.com/a/780/63

Naruto did not need to mention his name to Jiraya.
During the training of walking over water, naruto had removed his clothes, and at that time the seal appeared on his belly.

Now, Jiraya was the keeper to the key to the seal. The 4th Hokage sealed the nine tails inside his son, Minato also named his son Naruto based on the novel that Jiraya had written. So using these threads, Jiraya would not need Naruto to mention his name, its just comes.

@debal Soliciting accepts and upvotes are discouraged. If the OP feels that his answer has been adequately answered, they are free to accept and upvote it as such.


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What is the significance of the recurring dancing bear?
In Hamatora, there's a dancing animal - seems to be a bear - that appears (almost) every episode.

Besides appearing in the background dancing or doing other things that draw attention to him, his figure also appears in certain other circumstances. For instance, in the first episode we see some stickers of him.

What is the significance of this dancing bear? And does he have a name?

I think it's not a bear, it's a tiger (Tora). And according to wiki his name is Tanker-kun.
For now it's some kind of mascot (no further details), because Hamatora (ハマトラ) means "Beach Tiger". And Tanker-kun always use sailor suit, so for now we can assume he's mascot of Hamatora.

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Is Ginko's death a foregone conclusion (in the Mushishi storyline)?
There is a break in the story of both the manga and the anime that fans will be familiar with: chapter 15 ("The Fish Gaze") in the manga and episode 12 ("One eyed fish") in the anime. In it, the "youth" of Ginko is shown, and the origin of his missing eye and white hair is explained.
One thing which has bugged me a bit is the ominous prophecy attached to it. Nui, Ginko's de facto mentor/rescuer tells him that the fish in a local pond (and she herself) only have one eye since they got exposed too much to the silver light created by a very powerful mushi, which she calls Ginko (a huge, silver fish).
Nui notes that those who lose both eyes to it get turned into a mushi themselves, called Tokoyami. Nui also mentions that she performed experiments on fish that had already lost an eye, which showed that once they had lost an eye, they would invariably lose the other and turn into Tokoyami, even if they were never exposed to the silver light again.
Later in the story, Ginko (the main character, not the Mushi) loses an eye as well. Does this mean that Ginko's death is certain and unavoidable?

This outcome would be very much along the lines of the story. Life cycle and such. But as there is no concrete evidence to that, we can only guess while waiting for the release of continuation.

Youre probably right.. but I think Ginko would be wise enough to avoid it. Maybe in the future he may die due to uncertain causes, and then later on his body will become the mushi.

Well, every person's death is certain and unavoidable. Call it a "memento mori" perhaps?

Given the variety of events that happened in first season, it is safer to conclude that a Great Mushi-Master can live as long as he want. Though I agree with your view that as per Nui, anyone who lost one of its eyes to Tokoyami is bound to become Tokoyami sooner or later.
As far as I understand from the death of Nui in episode 12, Tokoyami is more like a mushi that colonizes the host from inside, seeing as it came out from Nui's second eye to devour her from outside, and the same happened to the one-eyed fish which Yoki saw in the pond during daybreak.
However, there are cases where people were able to avoid death.
In episode 20, Ginko went to meet Tanyuu Karibusa, who happened to have a Mushi inside her, but she was able to slowly "get rid of it" by writing the stories of Mushi's being killed. The ink used was the caged Mushi, which thereby got sealed into the writings.
In episode 9, Ginko met a head priest of a village who happened to use a seed having Kouki (the life pulse of all the Mushis) inside of it. The head priest was dead by the end, but Ginko revived him by injecting the same seed into priest's mouth, and then, he became immortal. Though such is a forbidden practice, it is always possible.
Based on these three episodes, I'm completely certain that he can live as long as he want. He is no ordinary man who can be engulfed by Tokoyami easily. I'm certain that Ginko, being a Mushi-Master, can find a way to cure himself.

Thanks for your answer. The second season, the special OVA (eclipse), and the manga gave further hints. Ginko himself is rather clearly shown not to know how he became as he is, and also not to know fully what the Tokoyami is. In the last episode in the Manga he almost sacrifices himself because he figures he doesn't have long anyway, and there are continuous references throughout the series. An example: Ginko tells Tanyuu that he isn't sure he can keep his promise, since he "might be eaten by a Mushi tomorrow".


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Why does Rukia fall for so long when getting thrown by Yammy?
So Rukia gets grabbed by Yammy in Las Noches:

Yammy then throws her at the ground, but she is falling for more than a couple of minutes:

But Ichigo jumps from above the sky in Las Noches and makes it to her before she hits the ground:

I know physics is not always followed in anime but this just seems so far off. Why would the animators do this? The scene does not seem way too important to me, and you don't even see Ichigo save Rukia—it is implied that he does as he is seen standing next to her when the smoke clears.
This happens at the end of episode 285 and into episode 286.

Like I said, this is way beyond dramatic.

could you please add the episode number and approximate timing?

@user1306322 added

I timed it at 5:18-5:34ish for the animation of release to smoke cloud.
Anyways, the stretch of physics would be bad if he threw her underneath him, near his feet. But my eyes saw his arm stretched out away from his body after the toss in an attempt to basically spear-chuck her.
My speculation would be that they're relying on a set of three overlapping times: Ichigo's catchup (shortest span of observed time), Yammy's toss (short span of observed time), and Rukia's trajectory (longest span of observed time to get in frantic dialogue).
For anime fluff, this feels around average.


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Why could the Tendo control the weather?
Does anyone know why the Tendo Path of Pain apparently had control over the weather at some point? After he detects Jiraiya the power isn't ever mentioned again. The two shinobi Jiraiya captures talk about the weather as if "Lord Pain" prevents it, but in the translation I read, Pain says "Someone has circumvented my rain," as if he causes it. Regardless of whether Pain controls the rain, is there a plausible explanation for how this could be?

Remember the thing is made from nature chakra

This is caused by one of the techniques pain Nagato uses the Rain tiger at will technique. This technique infused with chakra causes the user to sense outsiders chakra

when guarding Amegakure Nagato was able to use the Rain Tiger at Will Technique to make it rain. This rain was infused with his chakra and as such, served as a large-scale sensory technique for him in his village.

The description of this technique would be

A perception ninjutsu, allowing one to freely manipulate rain infused with the user's own chakra. The rain falls from rain clouds, formed with Pain's own chakra. During this technique, the falling raindrops are closely linked to Pain's senses. When the rain is obstructed by a chakra belonging to someone not of the village, the existence of the intruder can be detected. The rain will keep on falling until Pain uses the seal to cancel it. Pain made it rain every Sunday in Amegakure, or whenever he had to leave the village.

While this clears up what the jutsu was, I was more looking for how that path could use more than just his telekinetic abilities. A major plot point was that they could only use one jutsu. Is this just a plot hole?

@RamseyYunis Might just be your mis conception. There are 6 paths of pain. And we have Nagato, the user himself. so it is not one of pains paths that is causing this rain. but rather Nagato himself ( the one that also had the rebirth technique)


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Is Eren immortal?
I don't know why, but while I'm reading fanfiction and other things I notice that people sometimes quote how no one wants Eren to die because he's "the key to humanity". I've always thought he was immortal so that confused me.
Because of Eren's Titan skills, he heals fast, which seems kind of immortal.
Does Eren have a weak spot that will kill him?
Also note that Levi said in an episode that there is no way for Eren to die (at least as of that point, given that no one has found a way to do so), but there is a way to permanently injure him. So does that make him immortal? And why do people say he's not immortal like he will die or something?

Since Eren has not died, I don't think we can say for sure. But I would suspect that cutting him from his titan form and decapitating him would be effective enough.

Isn't the back of the neck of every titan their weak spot. Even that leg hitting girl( with all the characters dying , I can't remember every name :( ), the first lady titan, was covering her neck portion even after getting captured.

Well Eren is protected by the Protagonist law :/

No he is not immortal. I mean yes he can regenerate fast, and no one particularly really knows the extent of how he can regenerate maybe he can grow another body I honestly don't know. You shouldn't rule out the fact that their are other ways to die. Like if he dies of old age. If you mean more in the recent terms, then it is possible that Eren's healing terms are only when it's still attach to him. I really don't actually know how much he can regenerate but I feel it's safe to assume if you cut his head off he most likely will not regenerate.

While Eren could die, he won't because of plot armor. As Braiam mentions, there's no reason or evidence to support that he is actually, within the context of the story, invincible. He just survives cause the story requires him too.

Don't forget, immortal =/= invincible.

Abilities of shifter titans allow them to survive even in most unpleasant conditions, like brain damage to human "core". But according to recent chapters, it is still possible to kill them, dealing massive damage. I suppose, beheading will kill them, if some tricks will not be applied.

Lets compile what we know.
Eren up until now has show none of the signs of an immortal ability but only high regenerative abilities. He has been capable of replacing/regenerating lost limbs and recover his formal facial features. Eren hasn't been hit with any critical injury that would cause any normal human dead.
Eren is only a die hard character due his regenerative abilities but it's safe to assume that if his head is blown off or his heart is screwed over he could die.

No, Eren is not immortal and can be killed. Eren isn't different from other Titan Shifter. If anything he is actually weaker than most of the Titan Shifter we have seen, yet some have died. Out of the seven introduced Titan Shifter, two were killed so far, so it is safe to say that Eren has the same weakness as they had and that he can be killed.
Eren is a Titan and will always be a Titan. Titans can all regenerate quickly, but the only weaknesses known so far is destroying their necks beyond repair. We know that not only regular Titans have this weakness, but Titan Shifter also have this weakness as we can see Annie protect her neck by all means.
If anything, I'd say the Armored Titan might be immortal as we haven't seen a way to pierce the armored skin so far. He can be killed in human form, but if he can transform fast enough for it to happen, we have yet to find a way to stop him.

The ritual to transfer the Coordinate Power require imbibing the spinal fluid of the current bearer (that is what Rod Reiss tried to do to Eren). So you are correct that the titan regeneration do not work on the back of the necks (maybe they cannot regenerate spinal/neural tissue).

The armored titan will fall soon. The 3D maneuvering R&D will develop gas powered vibro blades when story calls for it.

@mindwin i guess this answer needs updating too, seeing how we have seen the armored titan receive a pretty bad beating recently. Just by brute force on top of that.

I had not read the most recent chapters, my two jobs are killing my Otaku time.

Didn't they kill the armored guy in the last chapters?

@Gallifreian No they did not. They killed Bertolt instead. I see what you mean though, I will update my answer according to the new developments tonight.

@PeterRaeves  -  oh, well. Thanks for clarification!

Agree that needs to be updated, we've seen the armored titan armor being broken in the anime in season 2

No, he is not.

 Because he will die if his spinal cord is badly damaged. He could also die if he was eaten by another titan. And also a titan shifter could only live 13 years after becoming a shifter. This is called The Curse of Ymir.

Then, how was jaw titan dormant in earth for 60 years?

do you mean ymir? she was a mindless titan before she turned into a jaw titan by eating marcel galliard. it's possible for a mindless titan to live for 60 years.

No, soon after she woke up from earth, she had shown signs of intelligence.When did she ate marcel?

woke up from earth? could you please mention which chapter was it? i can't really remember. she ate marcell when he was in the middle of the way to go to shinganshina with reiner, bertholdt and annie.

It has yet to be determined, however information for Season 2 assuming they follow the manga suggest that Titan Shifters may be considerably long lived or age differently after reaching maturity. Eren at present has only demonstrated the ability to regenerate and Annie showed some signs of fearing death, so its unlikely that Titan Shifters are outright Immortal. Plus the Colossal Titan chose to shift and escape suggesting Eren could have killed him.

Eren is not immortal. In Chapter 65: Dreams and Curses, Krista Lenz's (Historia Reiss') father tells her

 to turn into Titan and eat Eren.

And below is the part of manga from Chapter 66: Wish:

I think this will explain that Eren is not immortal and can be killed.


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How did Guilford survive the FLEIJA?
In the Second Battle for Tokyo, Suzaku fires a FLEIJA which destroys a vast amount of the settlement. Guilford pushes the Shinkiro out of the blast radius and is absorbed. How could he  have survived? My only thought is last minute ejection, but I would like a solid answer or other theories that seem plausible.

I recently re-watched the episode in question and I noticed that it does not show Guilford actually being consumed by the FLEIJA. Upon close examination the blast actually stops just short of were he would have been floating. This could have easily allowed for a quick ejection or a use of the thrusters, attached to the back of the float system, which he could have used to escape. After that, if Guilfordhad used the thrusters, he would have been caught in the minor vacuum which would most likely have destroyed his Vincent and it would have prevented him from returning.

And he is shown SEVERELY injuried MONTHS after that.

If he had been hit by the FLEIJA Guilford and his mech would have been annihilated. Since we later see him again, we can only conclude that he must have been close to the explosion but didn't get hit.
Most likely the communication system of his knightmare frame malfunctioned after being so close to the explosion which is why the video feed to Lelouch's mech suddenly stopped.
Presumably his mech then crashed and caused the injuries which we later see.


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Is Ichigo technically dead?
When Ichigo is being trained by Kisuke his second lesson involves Ichigo's Chain of Fate being cut, and in order for him to avoid becoming a Hollow he has to become a Soul Reaper.
After he gets out of the pit he was stuck in now with his own Soul Reaper Powers, Kisuke then begins his third lesson which is a fight. Between the start of the second lesson and the end of the third lesson there doesn't seem to be a point where they repair Ichigo's Chain of Fate (if it's even possible).
So is Ichigo technically dead because his Chain of Fate was cut?

I would say yes.
It does not interfere with the "not letting the main character die" rule, because the main part of the story plays in the world of the dead (soul society).
So I ask if the concept of "death and alive" even does apply to bleach? He might be dead ever since he first became a Shinigami or, as you described, as soon as his chain got destroyed.
As for the time he is in his body and interacts with the world of the living, he might just go back into his body or as other Shinigami enter a Gigai (artificial body).
I sadly have no prove for this claim, it is my theory.

I personally feel that these are just certain events in the manga which make the reader feel that its happened.
But mangaka's are such beings that they can create their own logic and make dead people alive!
Logically if you think, then Killing the main person of a story which is going so great, can have a highly positive or negative impact on the sales of a manga.
The writer is just creating such events that generate these kind of thoughts in the readers mind!

Looking at it in the most basic way: the answer should be no. Remember, many people can see Ichigo (not just the special ones who can see the dead). They don't show Ichigo getting into a fake body for his day to day life at any point. Only leaving it for Kon in the earlier parts of the series.
Recall the 17 months after Ichigo did not have powers (around the Fullbringer Arc) that everyone could see and interact with him. If that could happen, he should not be viewed as dead.
Take it with a grain of salt, remember that the author/creator Kubo Tite has been inconsistent with some things in the past and gets sloppy with  his writing from time to time.

Well, a shinigami in a Gigai could interact with the living, which is exactly what several did. Ichigo could just be a special case where his gigai is infact a real human body, his old one. Then again, we dont even know if Urahara swapped out ichigos real body for a Gigai, since normally the body dies when the Chain is severed. He could be an exception though because Shinigami do not have such chains, though maybe Pluses cant go into bodies without the chain, but were keep warping back to did ichigos body survive or not, which so far is still unknown.


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How much does the Tears to Tiara anime relate to the visual novel?
I know that the artwork used in the anime is based off the Play Station release which was a remake of the original PC visual novel (major designs of almost every character, most notably Lyrl looking a lot older and Rathy looking more like a girl).
I'm wondering how much of the plot of the anime is related to the original visual novel?


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Why do most Naruto villains end up not just being bad guys to be hated?
Is there a reason why almost all Naruto villains end up having very good excuses for becoming villains and start being seen as fighting for a different cause as opposed to just being the bad guys who need to be killed? What I mean by this question is that, why do Naruto "villains" never play the role of the standardized "bad guy", but instead introduce a new and different struggle from their point of view? Instead of having one clear person to hate and criticize their actions, you end up with two very different view points, never a good vs evil kind of situation, but more of a clash of opinions.

Author's preference? I don't think there's one, objective answer to this.

That's just a sort of writing style (and sometimes considered the mark of a good writer, depending on what you're looking for).

It gives more life to the character. Who would be happy if Itachi just murdered his people for no reason? And to understand Pain, you need to his backstory, which could justifies his actions

@TAAPSogeking Obito pretty much decided to screw the whole world over because Rin died.

@krikara I am afraid you haven't understood Obito's motivations for the Tsuki no Me Keikaku, if that is what you think.

Kishimoto-sama draws a lot of inspiration from real life into his story, and turns out this is how the so-called bad guys in real life are!

@Happy I think it is pretty safe to say Rin was the trigger. If Rin didn't die, I doubt Obito would have ever returned to Madara and proceeded with the Eye of the Moon plan.

Just to clarify - Obito witnessed Rin's death, then desired to create a perfect world under infinite tsukuyomi. Obito might think he is doing the world justice, but in reality, he is really just screwing over the world. He is essentially declaring war on the whole world and intending to kill anyone necessary just to make one big illusion. Rin's death is the only motivation that comes to mind. I don't consider his desire for an ideal world to be a motivation because that would be redundant as the Tsuki no Me Keikaku itself uses infinite tsukuyomi to create the ideal world.

@krikara Rin's death was the trigger. However, the main motivation comes from the realization that the ninja system only creates a world of hatred, pain and suffering. In one chapter, he explicitly states that he doesn't blame Kakashi for Rin's death, and even goes to say that he did not start the world war only for Rin's death. If that were what he wanted, he could have easily revived Rin alone using Nagato's Rinne Tensei and be done with it. His motivation is to rid the world of the suffering that he experienced and sees others experience.

If you go through the manga once again, starting from about the time his identity is revealed, you will notice what I mean.

Yeah, I understand what you're saying and do recall him saying it wasn't only over Rin's death. I just grouped the trigger and motivation together. Trigger : Rin's death, Motivation : End the pain and suffering in the world, Solution : Create an ideal world.

because bad guys never own up to their actions but instead try and justify their actions as being just, take this example
bad guy tries to destroy the world
bad guy: humanity has been slowly killing the planet for eons
hero: but that give you no right to destroy it
bad guy: if you saw a man dying from causes beyond his control and there was no hope in saving him, would you not want to end his life and ease his suffering?
hero: and what about all the innocent people living in the world
bad guy: is anyone truly innocent, every human uses technology that harms the planet, they know what they are doing is hurting the planet are doing yet do nothing top change but instead leave it to their leaders to make the change who instead squabble amongst themselves and when one takes the initiative others fear of their separation from the collective and brand them as evil and wage war at them harming the planet more
hero: but humans can change
bad guy: correct but only to save your own skin and never for the sake of the planet that sustains your destructive nature at the cost of it's own health
so in Naruto where the villains explain their actions and it seems as a conflict of opinion it's still just your standardized bad guy trying to explain that his actions are right and the good guy has no right in stopping him

Good point. But this is not limited to naruto.

Maybe because aside from true evil, say Hitler/Stalin/Pol Pot, there are a lot of villains who are not quite true evil.  Good/Evil can be defined by a HUGE gray area.  Also, what is Right or Correct is just a matter of point of view.  I'll bring Gundam into the mix as it is a great example, Neo Zeon is seen as the bad guy most of the time(only want independence), even though the Federation(so called good guys) pulls a whole lot of what would be considered war crimes over the course of the Universal Century)


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Is there any clan/individual with extraordinary hearing ability to sense people in Naruto?
I know that there are sensory type ninja who could sense others using eye (Byakugan users), nose (Kakashi, Kiba's clan members) and chakra based sensing (Karin and others). Is there anyone/clan who can sense based on sound? Like sensing blasts in a certain range or eavesdropping others etc.

Do you want just kekkei genkai or do you want any clans?

None that I know of, no. I don't think there was ever one in the fillers either.
The only thing close I can think of is Dosu Kinuta of the sound village, he used to attack using sound.


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Can a clone be in sync with its original user when it is still active?
In manga, chapter 647, I saw that First Hokage's wood clone was able hear the discussion between original (Edo-Tensei) Hashirama and Madara Uchiha. Is this possible?
I have seen that Yamato's wood clone was not able to communicate with his original, that's why he was using earpiece. I also know that, once the shadow-clones are cancelled the original user will get its experience.

Yamato can make plant based bug, i guess Hashirama have something more powerful/effecient

To understand this you need to dive a bit deeper into the wood style cloning technique

A clone that is created by using chakra to alter the user's own cells into vegetation. The clones can be as simple in function as a wooden dummy for use in the Body Replacement Technique or completely mobile and able to perform techniques. They have the ability to travel far from the user and are able to communicate with the original. source

Depending on how complicated you make the wood clone yourself it will even be able to communicate. Yamato also should be able to communicate with his wood clone, although this might be harder for him as he does have some of hashiramas cells. But is not as strong/ chakra rich as him

Because they share the same cells, Yamato is able to track its location, communicate with it over long distances, and absorb any information it has gathered by laying his hand on it. Yamato can also use a seed form variant to this technique that operates in the same way: he is able to track anyone that he plants the seeds on by its response to his chakra. source

What they mean by communicate here? Telepathy based complete communication(like yamanaka clan's) or just sharing current location?

Also, the link you provided says even Yamato can communicate with his clones just like hashirama. It doesn't talk about any cell based problems.

@RikuduSennin There is not directly stated how they do communicate but as it is a direct clone build up of your own cells telepathy is most likely. As for the cells part I stated he has the hashirama cells. but not the same mana resevoir which might make it harder on him to maintain more complicated wood clones.

I know that yamato has hashirama's cells in his body (Thanks to orochimaru's experiments). My question is, the wiki says that Yamato also can communicate with his clones without mentioning anything about the communication limits(just sharing location or telepathy or something else).

@RikuduSennin as specified on the wiki although it does not properly explain  "Because they share the same cells, Yamato is able to track its location, communicate with it over long distances" It is due to the fact they share the same cells that they can communicate. With the most plausible way being telepathy but it only states they can comunicate due to having the same cells.


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What is the chorus singing during the opening of Ookami Kakushi?
The opening song of the Ookami Kakushi anime, Toki no Mukou Maboroshi no Sora, has a chorus intro where I cannot distinguish what they are singing. It could be Japanese or Latin. The lyrics sites only have the main singer lyrics, not the chorus. At least the ones I found. Does anyone know what language is the chorus singing in?
For reference, here is the Wikipedia link to the song. The chorus in question is sung in two moments, at the beginning (0:00–0:05 one time) and later on (3:38–3:50 repeated twice). The 3:38 section is only available in the full version, which was DMCA'ed into oblivion. Vimeo has the TV-sized version, though.

tl;dr they're probably not singing any humanly-intelligible words at all.

You have run into the fascinating phenomenon known as Kajiuran (梶浦語 kajiura-go), a pseudo-language/non-language, named for Yuki KAJIURA, who is the composer for FictionJunction (among other things). One very common quirk of Kajiura's compositions is that they feature lyrics written in "Kajiuran", which is not really a language at all, but rather Kajiura's own term for non-linguistic vocalizations that feature in her compositions.1
The example you cited - the first five seconds of Toki no Mukou Maboroshi no Sora - is almost certainly an example of this. The fact that you can't find any written lyrics for that part is a clue - official transcriptions of the Kajiuran bits of her songs are typically never released, and so they often go untranscribed.
You can find more extensive examples of Kajiuran, too:

Sis Puella Magica, track #1 from the Madoka Magica OST 1, sung entirely in Kajiuran. Don't be fooled by the Latin track name - it's a ruse! This is a rare case where the lyrics were actually provided with the CD on which the track came (check them out). It's pretty darned clear that this is no language known to man.
M23, the last track from the Kara no Kyoukai 5 (Mujun Rasen / Paradox Spiral) OST, where all the lyrics are in Kajiuran. This one is more typical in that there aren't any transcriptions of the lyrics, as far as I'm aware.
Nowhere (live version), a FictionJunction song used as an insert song for Madlax. The main body of the song is in Japanese, but it has little Kajiuran bits and pieces, like at the very beginning and in the chorus.

1 Kajiura has, I believe, stated that Kajiuran is inpired by Latin, though I can't find a source for this at the moment. If I find one, I'll add it.


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What will happen if the Edo-Tensei user dies?
What will happen to the reincarnated people if the Edo-Tensei user (jutsu caster) dies?
As Kabuto mentioned, the jutsu will not be released if he gets killed. If that's the case, what will happen to the reincarnated shinobi?

If the summoner dies, then all the reanimated shinobi will keep on existing without the controller.
Before I begin, it is important to know how control works in Edo Tensei.
There are 3 methods of control the summoner can place on a shinobi:

Shinobi are allowed to have control over themselves
Shinobi are given an objective and they must complete it
Summoner fully controls the Shinobi

Kabuto can decide which layer of control he wants to assert on each individual.
When alive, Kabuto can freely change the control type over all the shinobi under his command. Once he is dead, his army will continue fulfilling his last order before he passed.
That means people who had control over themselves still have control of themselves. Ones that are given some assignment(s) still have to finish that assignment(s) (which is probably a combination of very detailed tasks in order to gain leverage over Madara). As for the last group, they revert back to the most recent option between 1 and 2. If they were previously had full control, then they will regain full again.
NOTE: While Kabuto determines his control over his army, there are multiple ways to also break out of it - explained in my answer here.

To my understanding Edo-Tensei is run by the caster's Chakra, which is required to refuel the reincarnated shinobi.
So the ones still running, will be able to use their remaining Chakra and then cease to function (and thus die).
But then again, you might also assume that with the correct knowledge and application of seals, you would be able to siphon Chakra from the environment, or you could have an army of shinobi fueling the entire thing.

If thats the case, Sasuke and Itachi could've easily killed kabuto to end the edo-tensei. So that, all the reincarnated shinobi will run out of chakra and die in no time.

Also, I don't think reincarnated people are getting chakra from the jutsu owner. They just get instructions from the jutsu user through the talisman inserted to their brain.

That's why I added the latter part, if you killed the guy and he did setup an elaborate seal somewhere to fuel Edo-Tensei, then you wouldn't have anyone with the knowledge of its location, and thus would be stuck with a plethora of reincarnated shinobi. Something else though, killing Kabuto would stop his instructions, you might wonder whether that would be enough.

Pls provide the source for your claims :)

There is none, as even in the manga no explanation of sorts has been given regarding this. These are all speculations with regards to the possibilities of seals. We know seals can be fueled by multiple shinobi as seen during the Konoha invasion (at the time of the Chuunin Exams). Also in manga chapter #521, Kabuto displays the Chakra draining seal he used on Anko, which further suggests that Kabuto does have the knowledge to these things.

No, it was explicitly stated that even if the caster dies, the army still remains immortal and unstoppable. So your answer has little merit, I think.


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Old anime with a red-haired protagonist who fights demons
I've been trying to find this anime for years, the last time I saw it was in 2002 when I was 4. I remember it was on a VHS that we rented.
It was about a red-haired boy, who I believe fought demons. He would transform in the style of Yugi Muto into a bigger and older-looking self when fighting those demons.
I can only remember one episode where he fought a super fast wolf-looking demon that was actually a young marathon runner possessed by some king of a golden eye if I remember correctly. Anyway, the red-haired boy protagonist would eat that eye when he defeats his opponent and they would return to normal.
That's about all I can remember, and I would appreciate all the info I can get, thanks.

welcome to A&M SE, please try to add the specific date, we don't know what date was it when you were 4.

We don't know how old you are. "When I was 4" tells us nothing.

I think you are talking about this character Kurama.
As you will he has red-hair and an older look as you said.
He is fighting demons.
And also it's very old anime (1992)

Kurama never fought a super fast wolf-looking demon that was actually a young marathon runner.

You can always create a new answer or feel free to edit my answer  @HashiramaSenju :)

I think it's Zenki

Zenki appears to be a child who transforms into his true and powerful demon form. In the early episodes, Chiaki needed to use the bracelet to transform Zenki into his true form. In the final episode, however, Zenki's anger allows him to transform into his true self. With the help of the bracelet and Goki, another powerful demon spirit, Chiaki is able to transform Zenki into a super powerful demon spirit. The bracelet is no longer necessary when Chiaki attains her full powers in the final episode of the series. Zenki likes to eat the Karuma Seeds for they are delicious.


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Thematic or mood effects of shadow placement on a character's face?
Not sure if this is on topic here as it's not a question about a specific manga... or even specifically about manga, but about comic books in general.
The use of shadow is important for conveying lots of different things... mood of a person, setting or simply for dramatic effect. I am wondering specifically, in a close up shot of a face in the classic 3/4 position, what is the difference if the face is in shadow in the foreground versus on the background side?
For this assume the only difference in the drawing is the placement of shadow, the position expression and amount or surface covered in shadow are the same. The only difference is shadow on the side facing the viewer versus the side away from the viewer.
Here is my poorly drawn example of what I am thinking in my head:

I tried to draw a neutral expression but they both kinda look upset... so try not to base the answer on the facial expression, just shadow placement.
What are the thematic/mood/emotional response differences to the audience when using those lighting patterns?

In real life, the shading on a face (or anywhere on the human body, animals, plants, and inanimate objects) is merely a case of the direction of light hitting it. In illustration, the realistic way is most common: the mangaka or animation aims to highlight and shadow according to the light source in the scene.

However, in some instances, a shadowing which is not primarily based on the placement of the light source can be employed to convey emotion or lack thereof. The most common variety is to shade the forehead and eye area of a character's face. This is partly accurate to the light source, assuming the light source is generally coming from above: considering that a character who is angry, fuming, plotting something evil, sad, dejected, alarmed, or stunned might tilt their head downward. However, its main purpose is to convey that the character's emotions are not being revealed at the present moment, in order to generate suspense (i.e. "What is he thinking?!" or "How is she gonna react?!"). To shade this area conveys that the character is clouded by an emotion but the audience has not yet been shown exactly what that emotion is. Often, the character will dramatically snap his/her head up after the effect, letting the audience abruptly know what he/she was thinking during that head-downward period.

Since the eyes convey the most emotion, it is possible to achieve this by only shadowing the eye area. Alternately, it is also common to achieve the same effect by simply using the character's bangs to temporarily cover his/her eyes.

In manga, there is also a practice of using a shadowing which can go against the placement of the light source. If the face is mostly dark, the character is feeling evil or dark thoughts which have not been shown to the other characters (only the audience is able to see that the character's feelings are covered by a "mask" of darkness; the other characters in the scene usually cannot detect that the face is darkened). Alternately, a character might be shown with dark shadowing if the audience is supposed to assume that he/she is thinking something bad, but then later it will be revealed that he/she was merely in deep thought/stewing over something/puzzling over something/concerned about something unrelated to the current topic of the scene. Another meaning is to depict the character as menacing or possibly scary.

One common use of forehead shadowing is to express distress, mortification, or utter shock. This can be drawn with vertical lines in combination with or instead of shadowing.

Why all of your pics are Oremongatari? Now I got Yamato calling "Takeo-kun" in my head repeatedly.. . . . .


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Why is anime limited in animation?
Like when you watch a character talk in anime you'll notice he/she is not lip syncing the words he/she pronounces: their mouths move up and down and appear to be looping. This limited animation technique is 'looping' from talking, running, walking, etc. So why is it Japanese animation is limited?

Imagine having to produce a 24 minute anime every week. Remove around 3 minutes for OP and ED (which you only need to produce once in a while), and keep in mind that you need 24 frames per seconds. You need to draw 30240 images every week; that's 4320 images every day, and 432 images per hour; that's assuming the animator works 7 days a week and 10 hours a day. Do you see a pattern here?

That’s 7.2 drawings a minute!

@Nolonar Almost no animation in anime is animated with 24fps. Most only utilize every 2nd or 3rd frame.

Are we talking about dubs here? Because it would not make much sense for English dubs to match the original language's mouth movements, as we all remember from those hilariously dubbed 80's/90's Hong Kong movies.

@Philipp. You are right. However, anime isn't animated in 12 FPS "just because", it's animated in 12 FPS because drawing more keyframes would be too expensive.

@Philipp is TV anime only animated at that 12 FPS?

@Daniel It depends. Most character animation cycles are at 12 FPS or even 8 FPS although sometimes multiple simultaneous animations get interleaved. Screen pans are always at full 24 FPS because otherwise it would give noticeable choppiness. Any CGI and other special effects are usually also at 24 FPS because it doesn't involve any additional cost to do so. I would recommend you to get a media player which can forward by single frames. It can be really interesting.

@Philipp What about Studio Ghibli what is their frame rate?

Can someone post a GIF of a character talking,character running,etc to make an example of limited animation please?

Please see the latter part of the answer to Is intentionally producing a lower quality TV release unique to anime?:

American cartoon viewers are very particular about the quality. My friend who is a key-frames animator for The Simpsons told me that there is one animator whose entire job is just to animate the mouth movements, because if the mouth movement does not perfectly match the voice actor's words, the fans generally feel that they cannot suspend disbelief. In contrast, anime in Japanese does not always bother to record the voice actors' voices first before animating, since Japanese fans do not care much whether the mouth movements exactly match. . . . American viewers are used to watching mouth movements like in The Simpsons and Disney films which are perfectly aligned.

This is not a case of anime being "limited" in a negative sense of slacking off, cutting corners, or being too rushed, but rather, Japanese viewers are not at all bothered by mouth movements which do not perfectly align with the voice, and therefore do not expect that out of animation production companies. It is a cultural difference, so it does not make sense to label the Western style as "better at" animating.
Anime can precisely match mouth movements to the voice when it is desired to do so (see the opening theme song sequences of Ao Haru Ride and Ore Monogatari!! for examples), so the companies have the required skill to do it. It is just a matter of preference that they often do not.
Because Japanese viewers are not particular on this point, it allows the production company to begin animating the cels before the seiyuu (voice actors) finish recording their lines. This gives the anime industry more flexibility in the timeline of production, as compared to non-Japanese animation which requires the script to be finalized and the voice acting to be recorded before the mouth movement animation can begin (in other words, multiple aspects of the production of an anime episode can occur at the same time). A benefit of this flexibility is that seiyuu have the freedom to ad-lib lines in the studio on the spot if they come up with something they think might work better than what is written in the script that was handed to them; even if the mouth movements have already been animated to basically match the line in the script, improvisation is still possible. Some fans enjoy buying anime scripts and comparing the original script to the final product, so they can discover which parts the seiyuu contributed.
Historically, anime was drawn by hand, so looping, panning, overlaying cels, etc. were more utilized in older titles (since animating a whole episode's worth of cels took a lot of man hours) than in current anime, which is predominantly computer-animated. If you watch older series such as Ashita no Joe or Ace wo Nerae!, you can see very impressive and creative alternatives to animating many frames per second, an art form which has largely diminished with the advent of computers. There is a remarkable and arresting charm to some of the classic animating techniques which were developed in order to stylistically or realistically convey the scene or the character's emotion in less frames. The looping mouth movement is one of these early innovations.

Edit: I have done a big re-work on this answer, so it is worth re-reading if you have read an older version. This answer also focuses on mouth movements in particular.
The more time that is spent dubbing a show precisely, the more money animators will need to be paid, as they will be drawing many additional frames. Additionally, retakes are harder for voice actors/actresses - so more money may be needed for the time needed to re-voice a part as it is more difficult to match the precise mouth movements. Anime usually have tight budgets, so sometimes paying for more animation or voice time isn't seen as a worthwhile decision.
There are a lot of techniques that studios use to save money, and this is just another one of them. Other examples include using the same drawings in different scenes, not showing lips at all when characters are talking, panning shots (over one drawing).

Even in early anime, looping was common as a cost-saving technique. (Kimba  the white lion)
Animating people talking in a fixed loop is a fairly standard technique in animation. There are a certain number of mouth positions to know, which can also be simplified down to as low as two looped frames. The broadness of these simplified frames lets the timing and positioning seems less off than a highly precise matchup which may seem unnatural. Sometimes in a close-up shot, there will be a larger range of mouth poses that the animators will draw to add detail to the scene. In most scenarios though, animators can get away with a reduced set of movements
Differing levels of mouth movement:

A small guide to animating dialogue. This isn't a feature of just anime, but is in most animated and 3D works too.
In regards to voice acting itself, the way the English and Japanese voice actors/actresses work are quite different;
Usually when the anime is first being made, the Japanese actors will face a Leica Reel (sometimes called animatics in the West, but essentially timed storyboards). There are sections in the script where they can ad lib and generally, the animators will match the pauses and openings with the recorded voices.
In the exported market however, the anime is already created and voice actors have to "match the lip flaps" that already exist. The translation team translates the script - but usually the non-scripted ad lib sections will be translated too. This is because a lot of the time Western voice actors won't have much of an idea about the story (at least in the less prolific studios / actors).
Western dubbed anime can sometimes seem better dubbed (in term of lip matchup) because of the sole focus on this aspect of the show. Japanese studios need to worry about a lot more aspects of the anime and cannot afford to be perfectionists in each area. Seemingly (I have no solid source for this), culturally the Japanese experience less of a disconnect from the show with less-than-perfect syncing than in English.
Further Reading:

an FAQ that Kyle Herbert from many well known series has made, where he talks a little about matching the flaps and the skill required.
Newtype USA April 2003 - Jonathan Clements talks about directing English voice actors and the surprise they faced when asked to ad lib.

The time and money spent on seiyuu (voice actors) performing the lines of dialogue is not related to the financial cost of/time required to animate more frames of mouth movements to air per second. The voice acting would take the same amount of time/money to record whether the animation aims for precision to match the spoken words or whether it loops animation during those spoken words.

@seijitsu in some cases voice acting is done afterwards, and may take more cuts as the timing is more difficult. Having said that though, I missed out the detail about animator load so I've edited that in

@SurugaKanbaru Can you post a GIF of a character talking and a character running just to give an example?

@Daniel sure thing, chicken wing

You wouldn't happen to know what anime the second GIF is from, would you? I tried running some searches, but nothing useful came up (except something about Idolmaster, and I couldn't tell if the content was actually related).

@Maroon it's from the animated Kill Bill

@SurugaKanbaru: you do mean this GIF, right? (The style looks different from the one that follows it, and I did manage to figure that that one was from Kill Bill.)

Oh, sorry I don't know the source for that one

@SurugaKanbaru that kil bill GIF is wrong,its not looping, delete it and post an anime gif of an anime talking

@Daniel that's intentional. It's an example of non-looped sequence

@SurugaKanbaru Sorry,can you add a character talking GIF together with that kimba running looping?

@Daniel Added an example


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What is the chronological order of the Sono Hanabira games?
I'm curious as to what is the chronological order of the Sono Hanabira series, including the placement of Hanahira and the Sono Hanabira - Tenshi games (the latter in relation to Sono Hanabira).
I know that some games like Sono Hanabira 4 and 6 are sequels to Sono Hanabira 2 and 1 because their starring couples are already in relationships by this time. I also know that in the second game, Yuuna appears and tries to convince Sara to call Kaede "Onee-sama", and in the third game she encouraged Mai to be honest with her feelings, saying that it feels good to be in love. But in neither of these does Yuuna hint that she's already in a relationship with Nanami, as in the first game Yuuna admits she fell in love with Nanami when they first met when Nanami was lost and was trying to get to the opening ceremony and that she has always wanted to be called Onee-sama.
I also remember in one of the games, some of the characters mentioning the new student which I think is referencing Sara (though I can't remember which games).


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What does the top flag mean on the Japanese theatrical poster of "From Up on Poppy Hill"?
In the Japanese theatrical poster of From Up on Poppy Hill designed and illustrated by Hayao Miyazaki, there is one flag before the two-letter signal (UW):

The flag looks like that which represents the number 1 in the International Code of Signals.
However, searching through the International Code of Signals (Revised 2020 United States Edition), I could not find the signal 1 UW, but only UW 1 (p. 87), meaning "Thank you very much for your cooperation. I wish you a pleasant voyage".
If it's not a numeral pennant, then is the flag what I think it is, the national flag of Japan?
What are the signal flags as a whole supposed to mean?

In the top middle of the poster is written Ue o Muite Arukō.

"Ue o Muite Arukō" (pronounced [ɯe o mɯite aɾɯkoꜜː]) was written by lyricist Rokusuke Ei and composer Hachidai Nakamura. The lyrics tell the story of a man who looks up and whistles while he is walking so that his tears will not fall, with the verses describing his memories and feelings. Ei wrote the lyrics while walking home from participating in the 1960 Anpo protests against the U.S.–Japan Security Treaty, expressing his frustration and dejection at the failed efforts to stop the treaty. However, the lyrics were purposefully generic so that they might refer to any lost love.

In the poster, Umi also looks up while she is raising the flags, possibly so her tears will not fall when and if she thinks of her deceased father who was killed in the Korean War.
That, or Miyazaki is using Umi's story to express "his frustration and dejection at the failed efforts"?
The poster is roughly sketched, so it's hard to tell whether the flags are being raised by the girl or the tugboat.
The relative sizes of the flags would suggest they're being raised by the tugboat, but looking closely at the poster, we see the UW flags are connected by a line that doesn't extend to the topmost flag.
When viewed this way, it does seem like the topmost flag is being raised by the girl in the way of a flag raising ceremony and the flag being raised is the Hinomaru flag.
The fact that the flag is drawn tapering to one end like the numeral pennant 1 just adds to the overall sketchiness.
Maybe Miyazaki did draw the Hinomaru flag to reference Japan, seeing off his country as she sails off in the dangerous and wrong path to destruction, but this interpretation is rather unfounded given the evidence presented so far, so I hope someone chimes in and writes a better answer.
Meanwhile, I will continue to do research on it and hopefully come up with something to support or refute my argument.

This poster is based on the rough "storyboard" sketches drawn for use as a visual aid while the animators were discussing the plot prior to any actual animation being done. So the vague top flag is just a quick representation of the red-and-white-striped pennant the tugboat raises. However, the top flag does look like the Japanese flag as it would be seen by someone looking up at it from directly below (with perspective distortion) so using this sketch on the official poster might indeed have some of the implied double meanings mentioned in this thread. Ref: The storyboards are included in the 2-dvd USA version of this movie.

It could be the former "affirmative yes" flag?

Could you expand the answer a bit? Does this make the three flags together to mean "Yes, bon voyage"? Any reference for this in real world usage?

The first set of two flag is Uniform Whiskey which means have a pleasant voyage. The pennant and the uniform Whiskey the tug puts up just means message received and replying to your message.

You should add some references for this.

The message received flag, codenamed CA, is a different flag with alternating strips of red of white, not the one shown in the poster.


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Can we roughly determine the dates and duration of Otonashi's stay in the Afterlife World?
In Otonashi's flashback in episode 9, he was on his way to take the National Center Test for University Admissions, held annually during a weekend in mid-January over a period of two days, when the train he boarded crashed. He took out his mobile phone to check the time and then realized that he was late for the test. Thus, we can conclude that January 15 was a Sunday and Otonashi left the real world on January 21 (Day 7).

Despite being a school-themed anime, there seemed to be little indication of time and the seasons in the Afterlife World when compared to the real world in the flashback episode, where we knew the exact dates (and even the days) of the incidents that were happening. Can we tell the date (or the time of the year) each episode occurred on from the activities the students were doing (or any other hint)? And can we possibly determine the duration of Otonashi's stay in the Afterlife World up till the last episode?

I don't know but is it ok to compare real life world time with after life time. As you describe it sounds like he stayed in after life roughly 2 months.

In the Hell's Kitchen OVA set between episodes 2 and 3, we learned from Yuri's event application form that the deadly picnic took place on May 3.

Furthermore, Yuri allowed for one week of preparation for the picnic prior to the Golden Week. Taking that into account and given that the series of events connecting the first two episodes and the second OVA episode were tightly packed, it is probably safe to say that Otonashi woke up in the Afterlife World sometime around the start of the first term of the Japanese trimester system, maybe even on the first day of the fourth month as an April Fool joke by God.
There is no set date for the Ball Day (球技大会), but with its conditions being similar to the day of the regional game final that would decide if Hinata and his team get to participate in the Summer Koushien, it should be set in late July during the Dog Days, or not, if the anime followed the logic explained in the next paragraph.
Throughout the anime, everyone wore the same winter uniform, unlike in the Angel Beats! Heaven's Door manga where they actually switched to the summer uniform once. As the dates of the seasonal uniform switch in Japan (June 1 and October 1) are strict and almost universal, there is little doubt that the anime didn't show anything that occurred between these two dates.
Following episode 4 and preceding episode 5 is the Stairway to Heaven OVA episode. Otonashi and his comrades organized the Sports Day that normally occurs in September/October. Then by episode 5, the students were taking their second midterm exams in early/mid October per usual.
November largely overlaps with the tenth month of the lunar calendar, the Kannazuki (神無月), or the "Month with/without Gods".

The 無 character, which normally means "absent" or "there is not", was here probably originally used as ateji, that is used only for the sound "na". In this name the na is actually a possessive particle, so Kaminazuki means "Month of the Gods", not "Month without Gods" (Kaminakizuki), similarly to Minatsuki, the "Month of Water".

Whether God exists or not is still debatable, like how it is with the na in Kannazuki. Interestingly, Naoi proclaimed, in episode 6 during the "Month with/without Gods", that there was no God and that he is God. Maybe God is a Schrödinger's cat in the tenth month of the lunar calendar.
From mid-November to early December is the "rainy season of the Camellia". (The only times it rained in the anime were in episodes 6 and 9.) We saw the blooming Camellias in episode 7:

We also saw Kanade weeding the Chrysanthemums japonense, which typically flower in November annually.

I couldn't pick up any seasonal cue in the later episodes, so I'm less confident with the time of the events happening in episode 8 and onwards. It was not clear how long Kanade stayed in a coma, but could it be that she woke up on or around the day Hatsune died (Christmas Eve)? I couldn't help make this assumption because of the similarities between Kanade and Hatsune.
And then there is Matsushita's mountain training. It is possible, but highly unlikely, especially for a person like Matsushita who is not too fat, to lose 10 kg in a week. Judgment by the eyes (my eyes) tells me that he had lost 20–40 kg by the time he returned from the mountains in episode 12. That equates to a 3–6 weeks minimum time gap between the beginnings of episodes 10 and 12. However, it is far more likely that he was away for longer than that, probably 1–3 months to coincide with the time of the graduation, which is in March. I would wager that the anime ended with the end of the third term in March, excluding the epilogues.

Re: the Kannazuki/Minatsuki thing - Matt has a very good answer on [japanese.se] about this (http://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/6280/).

That's a complicated question.
Really, you cannot know when Otonashi enters afterlife.
But, something is clear: Isn't immediately after his dead. The only explanation about this, are who you can think "time does not pass when you're dead".
Since Kanade enters afterlife before Otonashi (Kanade have Otonashi's heart, if you understand this, Kanade dead after Otonashi), there's some time who Otonashi are dead and out of afterlife.
Some option are this: Kanade doesn't feel fulfill with their life. Because this, they arrives afterlife. Some time ago, their feeling and "request" for fulfill their life make Otonashi to go afterlife (from a unknown place). Then, the series start.
If you need a date, then, probably they're a year after Otonashi's dead. But, without more info, that's impossible to know. Maybe the game can give more information about this.
More info about the time lapse can be found on this question and this reply.


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Where can I watch Zettai Karen Children, or old anime in general?
Well, the truth is, I haven't been reading manga lately, and the first thing that I remember is Zettai Karen Children. Following that, Haibane Renmei, and Aria, etc.
Problem is, I can't find anyone selling them anymore. Where can I buy or watch them?
I'd like legal resources as an answer.

Some legal and popular anime streaming sites are:

Crunchyroll
Manga Entertainment
Funimation
Daisuki
The Anime Network

The anime you're looking for, Zettai Karen Children, can be found on The Anime Network, and the spin-off series The Unlimited - Hyōbu Kyōsuke can be found on Crunchyroll.
As for the manga(s), Amazon is a good place to start.
Here's a list of legal anime streaming/download sites.

Ah, I mean the old ones. The 2008-2009 series. Sadly, no ones ever uploaded to any of them.
Amazon don't have the manga, and I can't open reddit (country's firewall) but thank you for the answer. I think that I need to go to japan to hunt for this thing.

@user14064 which country are you from? Knowing the country can help finding out the availability of anime/manga in that region.


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What anime is this talisman with a cross and three 6s from?
All I have is this talisman thing:

Can anyone tell me what anime this is from?

Could you explain why you think it's from an Anime as something like that isn't unique to anime

only the insistence of the owner that it was identified on its original packaging as being associated with a particular anime. we no longer have the packaging and she doesn't remember.

If it's a licensed product there's almost certainly going to be a copyright notice of some sort on it. Check the back and the outside edges.

nada. it might be an unlicensed product like from etsy or something.

Seeing the cross and 3 6's i assume, if it were from an anime, the anime has some sort of religious connection and to that of The Beast


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What is the song playing in Code Geass Episode 14: Geass vs Geass
I have recently started watching Code Geass, and I find the soundtrack absolutely amazing! There is one song in particular that I would like to find the name of.
It starts playing at about 20:14 in the episode "Geass vs Geass" where Lelouch goes to hug Shirley. I think it may be called "Lelouch of the Rebellion", but I am not sure.

I've edited your question to include the youtube link and a small description of the scene.

The song is Masquerade, which is Track 13 on the first OST according to the metadata on my iPhone/iPod.

Masquerade
Vocals: Hitomi
  Lyrics: Kuroishi Hitomi
  Composition: Kuroishi Hitomi

While I can't time the song perfectly to where I believe it starts in the episode, one point that makes me believe they are the same song is at 0:51 of the song which matches the song at 20:54 of the episode (in the link)

@Mightycat it was just a matter of finding the exact scene and going though all the OSTs. just took me a while to confirm it was the song because while they had the same background beat i couldn't find a point where i could prove they have the same lyrics. if this is the correct answer don't forget to accept it

@Memor-X it is the correct answer.

ehm, how do i accept it? :P

@Mightycat there should be a tick button on the left, under the down arrow (down vote)

The only place I could find it is here. Could find it neither on iTunes nor youtube. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯


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Does the first OVA take place right after the last episode of the first season of Darker than Black?
I'm not talking about the Gaiden one, but the one before it: Beneath Cherry Blossoms in Full Moon.

i think it takes place sooner because we see Yin's original Specter and Mao is still a cat

No it definitely takes place sooner. Because:

Huang is still alive who died before the end of the first season.
Mao is still there and in his cat body.
The inspector doesn't know about Hei's identity. She finds out about it in the OVA but they forget it again because of that potion. But it is hinted in the last episode hat she did have an idea who the black reaper was even though she hadn't seen his face. It could have been that her memories of the events that happened in the OVA returned.


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What was the purpose of sending the parasites to Earth?
I'm still wondering, as it was not revealed in the anime version, why the parasites were sent to Earth? Was there any purpose to it?

The anime has not finished airing yet. Hints might be given in the later episodes. If you're interested, you can also read the first and last pages of the manga.

Are they going to reveal it?

Someday it will reveal in anime .

This may not be the real purpose (and as Gao Weiwei commented, there will be more hints), but Hirokawa (the leader of the cabal and mayor of the neighbor town) states during a meeting (in which Reiko Tamura was present at the time, but did not object) that Parasytes were sent to earth as a counter to the environmental damage humans were doing.
Whether this was the real purpose, or whether Horikawa was mistaken, or whether he was just pushing some hidden agenda, is unknown.
But the fact that Reiko (the person one that did the most research on Parasyte's nature) did not object may back that hypothesis.

It's worth noting that Parasyte is a manga from the '90s that ended long ago. It's very possible that there are answers there.

@MadaraUchiha well said. But the question mentions the anime version, so I restricted it to what was already revealed in the anime (and ep 21 comes out in 50 minutes as of this posting).


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Did Weed from Legendary Moonlight Sculptor ever meet Prina's friend from planting in Valley of Death quest?
Did Weed from Legendary Moonlight Sculptor ever meet Prina's friend from planting in Valley of Death quest?


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Has Riiya or Shiine ever performed a Magical Boy Transformation?
So far, I have only seen Chacha's Magical Girl Transformation, but I haven't seen the counterpart of that for boys from either Riiya (リーヤ) or Shiine (しいね).

From what I remember, Riiya and Shiine did transform into magical animals/items to help Chacha fight against the villains. I have forgotten the storyline in every episode, so I wonder if it's ever shown in the anime that Riiya and/or Shiine transformed into a magical human form like the Magical Princess?

Human Form ? they are already in human form in that picture . Maybe a tools ?

I mean, Magical Human Form like Chacha?

You could base it on this.
If I remember correctly, they don't have any HUMAN MAGICAL TRANSFORMATION, unlike Chacha.
Riiya transforms into a strong wolf that is sometimes mistaken as a DOG. He doesn't have any human magical transformation.

And for Shine, a fellow wizard apprentice who is adept at casting spells and barriers, as well as transformations, his power is better than Chacha's. But I don't remember him being transformed into someone like Chacha's magical human form, the Magical Princess.


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Was Satou lying when he said that beheading robs an Ajin of his memories?
Satou threatened Kei with beheading, telling him that his memories would vanish with the new head growing, but we know it is a lie from the first OVA (Shinya was beheaded in his bike accident and retained all of his memories).
Since Satou has had his own head blown off "onscreen" (yeah, it's manga) at point-blank dozens of times by the special forces, yet he still retains his seemingly extensive knowledge of Ajin powers, the question is: does Satou know that an Ajin's memories are retained even when beheaded by the time he threatens Kei?

There is a chapter fairly early on of a man on his motorcycle. he crashes and dies, thus finding out he's an Ajin. He sees his arm lopped off and takes it home to dispose of it, leaving the remains of the crash at the site. He goes about his life in paranoia, thinking someone will find out about him, and he's right- he gets captured because they show him his helmet, still containing his head inside. He grew a new head and didn't even know about it, thus he retained his memories.


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Are Uchihas affected by Infinite Tsukuyomi?
Just wondering if the Uchiha family members are unaffected by Infinite Tsukuyomi, or if it was Sasuke's Susanno that protected him against it?

This link would give you the answer.

Despite the seemingly inescapable nature of this technique, the Infinite Tsukuyomi can be countered through specific means:

The user's Rinne Sharingan only reflects off of the moon for a limited period of time after the technique has been activated, allowing those who avoid its light to avoid being trapped within the genjutsu. Using his Rinnegan, Sasuke Uchiha was able to shield himself and his team by covering them with his Susanoo.

Believing that this genjutsu was cast using a Rinnegan, Sasuke hypothesised that it can be cancelled by another Rinnegan. Hagoromo Ōtsutsuki confirmed this, but revealed that the chakra of the nine tailed beasts is also required, and that a person with said chakra and a Rinnegan user must form the rat hand seal together, though Sasuke claimed he would be able to cancel the technique alone using the tailed beasts under his control. Upon the technique's cancellation, the roots used to bind the victims wither, as do all remaining White Zetsu.

"The user's Rinne Sharingan only reflects off of the moon for a limited period of time after the technique has been activated, allowing those who avoid its light to avoid being trapped within the genjutsu. Using his Rinnegan, Sasuke Uchiha was able to shield himself and his team by covering them with his Susanoo."

It was indeed the defence of the Susanoo. It is said that not even light can penetrate it's defence. This is by far the only way of defending against the Infinite Tskuyoumi while its cast.
The Susanoo is just high density chakra,
but in Boruto

 Jigen penetrated through it like butter!


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What is the name and where can I find the manga of Ore-sama Kingdom?
I watched the ONA of Ore-sama Kingdom, and I know the English name for it, but when I try to look for the manga, it doesn't show. My older sister knows the name but she forgot recently, which makes me also think that it's not Ore-sama Kingdom, that it's another name or another title. I've been dying to read this manga for a long time but never found it.
Ore-sama Kingdom description:
A manga artist (she creates manga books) named Nono transfers to a new school to find 3 handsome "kings" who find out her secret of creating manga books, even though she's still very young (and in high school).

The name of the manga is the same title as the OVA. It is called Oresama Kingdom (オレ様キングダム, Kings of My Love). There is currently no English distributor for the manga nor is there an official English translation of it and the Japanese magazines publishing the series are Chuchu and Ciao.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_of_My_Love