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How come the events of Rebellion are possible, with Madoka's wish?
It seems to me that, no matter how you look at it, the events of the Rebellion movie are impossible due to Madoka's wish. Her wish-speech can roughly be split into five distinct parts (significant differences between Meguca's and Doki's translation marked):

I want to [erase/eliminate] all witches before they are [even] born.
[I will erase] every single witch in every universe, past and future, with my own hands.
(I don't care what you call it. All those magical girls who held onto their hopes and fought against witches - I don't want [to see them cry / them to cry]. I want them to remain smiling until the end.)
I will destroy any rule [or law] that stands in my way; I will rewrite them all. This is my [desire/prayer], my wish.
(Now, grant me this, Incubator!)

The pars in brackets are most likely not part of the actual wish, as we later clearly see that magical girls are not constantly smiling, not to mention that that would be a very weird wish to make for Madoka. So, only #1, #2 and #4 are the actual wish.

Now, in Rebellion, Kyubee apparently manages to create a barrier that shuts out Madoka and causes Homura to turn into a witch in her own world / soul gem. However, this contradicts the wish, as Madoka does not allow for any exceptions to be made. Even if we were to argue that a barrier is not a rule, and hence not subject to #5 (even though the fact that Madoka is barred from entering would be a rule), #1 has no limits whatsoever, and should prevent Homura from turning into a witch. Possibly, we can grant that this may happen not through Madoka's own hands (as we might say that Homura's world is not part of any universe and hence #2 does not apply), but turning into a witch is still impossible - her wish isn't "I want to eliminate all witches outside of barriers before their are born", after all.
Furthermore, Homura "splitting" Madoka into Madoka and the Law of the Circle is another such impossibility. #2 says that Madoka - and not the Law of the Circle - will (not can, will - she herself has no choice in the matter anymore) do it with her own hands (provided it happens within a universe). In fact, you might argue that, after the split, the Law will not do it, as it was Madoka, the human, who made the wish, and so, if Madoka, the goddess, and Madoka, the human, are no longer the same entity, it's the latter who has to do it (whether she lacks the power or memory to do so is once again irrelevant - the universe would be changed so she can do it anyway).
Effectively, the problem is the universal definition of her wish - it has no limitations, and several universal quantifiers, and hence can not really be circumvented.
There are even further issues, but they depend on how exactly you interpret the terms "rule" and "universe".

Madoka only had 1 wish, to erase all witches no matter where they are. 1 and 2 are the extent of the wish, 3 is her reason for her wish, 4 is her determination and 5 is just her telling the Incubator to grant her wish.
in the new universe, witches still exists, they will always exists so long as there are magical Girls, however thanks to the Law of Cycles Madoka will arrive and save the Magical Girl before they transform so on the outside it looks like they don't exists and all that happens is the Magical Girl is claimed by the Law of Cycles.
As for your comment about the Magical Girls not smiling:

as we later clearly see that magical girls are not constantly smiling

this is because they know they'll become witches but after Madoka assures them they won't, that she'll stop it before it happens, they begin to smile.

With Homura, she didn't become a witch when the Incubators first kidnapped her. Her Soul Gem was progressing to that point and the Incubators would have observed and theorized at what point the Law of Cycles will occur and thanks to Homura explaining the original system, know there's a stage after this. They created the Isolation Field that blocks out all external influence.

Kyubey places Homura's Soul Gem in an Isolation Field - a space that blocks out all external influence, including the Law of Cycles. However, the Isolation Field prevents Homura from being born as a witch, meaning that Madoka's wish is not invalidated. (Although not directly stated, it's implied that by creating a space where the Law of Cycles cannot enter, Kyubey blocks Madoka's omniscience.) Ultimately, a witch barrier forms inside Homura's Soul Gem. Kyubey allows the barrier to draw in victims, including Mami, Kyoko, and Madoka's family. Kyubey believes that this will eventually cause the Law of Cycles to materialize in the barrier. Kyubey's goal is to observe the Law of Cycles, which would ultimately allow him to interfere with and control it.

Source - Madoka Kaname - Madoka in The Rebellion Story
Now remember the Incubators are incredibly advanced and through Homura they are aware of the existence of the Law of Cycles but just don't understand it, just like how they don't understand how Magical Girls exist in the first place (yet can still create them).
Now when Homura transforms into Homulily the Law of Cycles (Madoka) has already been trapped in the Isolation Field but the Incubators are unable to do anything in terms of manipulating Madoka as she gave up her memories and powers to Sayaka and Nagisa. For the time Madoka, Sayaka, and Nagisa were in Homura's Labyrinth, the law of Cycles was missing from the universe.

However, Madoka is aware of Kyubey's plan. She enters Homura's barrier with Sayaka and Nagisa Momoe (the magical girl who became Charlotte) ... Madoka entrusts them with her memories and powers in order to fool Kyubey, and allows Homura's barrier to alter her memories and suppress her powers.

and it's only after the field is destroyed does the Law of Cycles return and Madoka descends down to claim Homura.

Now for Homura splitting Madoka, after being released from the Isolation Field Madoka is still in her human form (though she looks like her goddess form). This is demonstrated by the fact Mami and Kyoko can see her when in the past when Sayaka was claimed by the Madoka, Mami only assumed she was taken and they didn't even know about her. This is most likely due to the fact she is still just recovering her original form, having given up all her powers to Nagisa and Sayaka. In this form Homura could interfere with the Law of Cycles and stop her from purifying her soul gem which now fills with something else.

As she comes down to take Homura's Soul Gem into the Law of Cycles, Homura grabs Madoka's hands before her Soul Gem can be purified. Homura's Soul Gem turns black, and then fills with a new color. (It's unclear if this color was something that had already existed in Homura's Soul Gem, or if it is the result of Homura grabbing Madoka and interfering with the Law of Cycles). Homura's actions causes reality to crack. Madoka is then separated from Ultimate Madoka (it is unclear if Homura deliberately caused this, or if it is the result of Homura's interference). The colors inside Homura's Soul Gem explode outward. The cracks perpetuate throughout reality, followed by the colors of Homura's Soul Gem, which engulfs the universe.

Homura then ascends to becomes a new goddess/demon and rewrites the universe with new laws to facilitate her existence and how own control over the universe (as we see where she can suppress Sayaka's powers and memories), particularity allowing Madoka's existence as a person before she became the Law of Cycles. It's not made clear how the Law of Cycles is working now but we can assume it's fundamentally broken as Sayaka asks Homura if she is planning on destroying the universe. We know that if Madoka remembers who she is she'll return to be the Law of Cycles (which Homura actively tries to stop) but regardless Homura is not a witch so even if the Law of Cycles was working she would be immune.
Now I should point out that we don't know the full extent of Homura's actions as one of the things Homura did was force the Incubators to manage all the curses. We can not be sure if they have the opportunity or were even able to create new magical girls. Since witches come from Magical Girls, if the Incubators can not make any more then there's no more witches thus leading the Law of Cycles to no longer be needed.

While this is definitely the best explanation I've heard on the matter (hence +1), the problem is the part where you say that "the Law of Cycles was missing from the universe". How exactly is this possible? Noone, not even Madoka herself, has the power to prevent the wish from taking effect - as I pointed out, even her doing it with her own hands is no longer a choice she can make. The only way the events were possible was if, when Madoka enters the barrier, Homura is not yet a witch, and noone (including Homura) becomes a witch at a later point - yet we clearly see that Homulily is one later.

@Callid I think your believing Madoka has no will of her own, that she is just a mindless cog now which can only purify soul gems, this isn't the case since she chose to have Sayaka and Nagisa by her side, she chose to give up her powers to them (thus technically no longer making her the Law of Cycles), she chose to enter the isolation field rather than ignore Homura who had no risk of becoming a witch outside the field, she went to the isolation field to save Homura first, the purification of her soul gem was second to her.

(Cont.) if it was as you said and not even Madoka can stop herself then she wouldn't have been able to strip away her powers as she did. As for Homura being a witch she was in a grey zone, she wasn't a witch when the labyrinth first created and Madoka first entered and she only truly becomes a witch when she curses her own existence when the Incubators reveal their plan and how Homura has helped them which at this point Madoka is now powerless are trapped in the field and what happened to Homura in her soul gem was isolated just in there

(Cont.) when everyone escapes Homura is back to being a magical girl but is at the point where Madoka will purify her soul gem. Is there anything else I need to explain or still confuses you?

I don't think she is "a mindless cog" - she can do anything she wants, in fact, as long as it doesn't interfere with the things she has set down in her wish. So, she can give away her memories, enter barriers, and so on, as long as that doesn't prevent the "erasure" of a witch. How exactly this works out here isn't clear - either she should have been unable to give up her memories, or, when Homura does become a witch, she would have gotten them back, or acted involuntarily (or, if we allow that the inside of her soul gem is not part of any universe, something else could have prevented it).

If this means that, as you said, she should have been unable to strip away her powers, then my question becomes: How could she strip away her powers? As I pointed out, the phrasing of her wish is "will", not "can" - she has wished herself (and everything else) to be unable to interfere, and so even if she wants to, she cannot; she is bound by her own wish. If she had wanted to be able to make a choice, she would have needed to phrase her wish differently (e.g. "I want to be able to erase..."), which she - wisely, IMO - didn't (this would also have foiled QB's plan; nothing can interfere).

It's even pointed out in the anime that it is involuntarily - "It means you must fight without pause throughout all timelines, past and future, for eternity. (...) Death would be a kinder fate. You'll be firmly implanted in this universe as a concept - a principle that destroys witches." - i.e., Madoka becomes the Law of the Circle. The anime even seems to imply willlessness, but seeing as the wish does not place any limitations on her, I see no reason why she, provided she has the time, can't do other things as well. It's just that the Law comes first.

@Callid actually I don't recall at any point in Madoka's wish about preventing herself or anything else from interfering, she just wished to erase witches before they are born. Point 4 of you question, as I said in my answer, is just her expressing her determination to carry out her desire, her wish is just "to erase all witches before they are born" and like every other magical girl her powers are based off her wish.

The thing is, she phrases her wish in an absolute way. If there was a witch (any single witch, anywhere) that was not erased before being born, her wish would not have been granted (completely). Hence, all witches must be erased before they are born, as her wish was granted. Therefore, nothing can (successfully) interfere with the erasure of witches, as preventing any single witch from being erased would mean her wish was not granted. Hence, even she herself cannot interfere - if she was able to successfully not erase a witch, it would mean her wish would not have come true.

@Callid remember that not every witch was erased before they were born, the cause of the paradox which forced the universe to be recreated with Madoka as the Law of Cycles was Madoka destroying herself in her witch from which was born (Homura despairs seeing it before Madoka comes and assures that if her wish was granted even her own witch can be destroyed no matter how power it is).

(Cont.) ofcause that was in the old universe, in the recreated universes we aren't too sure what other laws may have been created along with Madoka and Homura ascension (while it is understandable how Homura remember's Madoka how does Madoka's little bother remember her when no one else is able to), i can not find any official statements from the writers and while a squeal could give light into Homura's universe and Madoka's current state i kinda don't want to see one given Gen Urobuchi's track record and Homura and Madoka can live happily together (in my opinion)


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Why are most women in anime housewives instead of being independent?
In anime, most women are shown to be housewives. Even in romantic comedies, girls dream to be a good housewife after they marry their boyfriends. Very few are shown to be working, and even if they are shown, they are portrayed as poor mothers, e.g. Nisekoi.
Why is it so? Why do they finally become submissive towards the end of the story? I haven't seen "many" girls in anime aspiring to be live independently.

You and I must watch very different anime.

It is a trope, but anime likes to show exceptions to many tropes out there, and one possible one may be here, https://fma.fandom.com/wiki/Izumi_Curtis.

@Coolio2654 Yes, that's true. She took pride in being a "housewife". This might be due to the fact that she was sick because of the failed human transmutation so she couldn't physically exert that much. We also see that she absolutely despised state military and also reprimands Ed and Al for joining military and calling them "dogs of the military".

Gonna need a citation for "most".

TLDR: The premise of the question is only true for male-oriented works.
The main bulk of the question (the reason for women in anime being portrayed mainly as housewives) has been answered by Fumikage Tokoyami quite comprehensively, so this is more of a frame challenge to the question than a straight answer.
There is significant gap between the portrayal of women in anime/manga between male- and female- oriented works. In male-oriented works, female characters do indeed frequently end up as full-time housewives or at least dream of becoming one – however, this really is not the case in shoujo (works targeting girls) or josei (works targeting adult women).

Even in romantic comedies, girls dream to be a good housewife after
they marry their boyfriends. Very few are shown to be working, and
even if they are shown, they are portrayed as poor mothers, e.g.
Nisekoi.

Note that Nisekoi is shounen (and a harem comedy, the most male-wish-fulfillment style of romantic comedy at that). In shoujo, if the future beyond school/university is mentioned at all, female characters will very frequently (if not almost always) have concrete career goals, and will be shown achieving them if the story does progress that far (e.g. Yukino becoming a plastic surgeon in Karekano, Shizuku passing the bar exam in Tonari no Kaibutsu-kun, Koizumi Lisa wanting to become a stylist in Lovely Complex)
In Josei (targeting adult women), this is even more apparent – very rarely will the main female lead not have a career (see Nodame Cantabile, any of Nishi Keiko’s works, Natsuyuki Rendezvous and so on) In fact, the stereotypical Josei romance plot could be summed up as: Careerwoman tired of her job and life in general meets handsome man romantically interested in her – hijinks ensue.
The example of Hinata Hyuga (as given by Fumikage Tokoyami in their answer before their edit) and the ending of Naruto in general is interesting, because the major female characters, with veritable abilities and merits, end up as domestic supporters for the male characters, rather than holding significant positions of their own. This kind of “sudden housewife” shift (or as the OP put it, "become submissive towards the end of the story”, is almost exclusive to shounen or seinen.
In shoujo or josei, characters who appear mainly as housewives or in an otherwise domestic role will generally start out enjoying or showing interest in such roles (e.g. Love So Life – the female lead of which does dream of becoming a nursery teacher), at least disillusionment or a lack of interest in her career (e,g, side characters in Nishi Keiko’s works, Nigeru wa haji daga, yaku ni tatsu – the female lead here does end up working again, IIRC) or as a mother of a main character.
In short, the idea that most women in anime are housewives (or aim to be housewives) is for the most part a phenomenon limited to male-oriented works. The situation for female characters in female-oriented works is much more complex.
Sidenote: That said, many shoujo and josei works DO end up in marriage – While there certainly are exceptions like & (that’s the title), it can be deduced that marriage is still considered important, as Fumikage Tokoyami has stated.

Nice answer (+1). Since my answer was already getting long, I had to remove some parts from my original answer and I am glad you have mentioned here. Also, there is a entire paper dedicated to this gender depiction in anime & manga(ref 3,4) from where I framed my part III. It was a whole new area and would had made my answer 10x longer than it already is. So, I had to keep it shorter by mentioning the key difference. Your answer touched upon this difference quite well.

Since the question has picked up steam, I am going to construct the answer by including both historical and modern viewpoint and then the depiction of women in anime and manga

Part I: Historical viewpoint
The proper name for the trope is Yamato Nadeshiko. "Yamato" is one of the older, fancier and more poetic name for Japan and the Japanese people. "Nadeshiko" is the Japanese name for Dianthus superbus, a wildflower found in the Japanese highlands that is related to the carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). So, taken together, "Yamado Nadeshiko" is used to mean "flower of Nipponese womanhood".
This trope is quite important in anime because housewives had its place in Japanese History especially during the neo-Confucian Japan. From tvtropes.org1:

The term was generally ascribed to noble women with traditional
upbringings, but after the formal abolishment of the caste system it
passed into wider use among the new "middle classes". Being a yamato
nadeshiko revolved around the Confucian concepts of Feudal Loyalty and
Filial Piety, which in the latest wave of Confucian revival meant
acting for the benefit of one's family and obeying and assisting
authority figures (father, husband, sometimes father-in-law or older
brothers, as well as older and/or more respected females). Virtues
include loyalty, domestic ability, wisdom, maturity, and humility.

These virtues stayed among Japanese women for generations and thus they are portrayed in anime medium as a way to show that Japanese women are very keen to get married and take care of her loved ones and be a housewife.
Part II: Modern Viewpoint
Gender inequality has been a huge problem in Asian countries typically in China and Japan. At work, it is reported that women are the last to be hired and the first to be fired. Many college-educated women simply aren't hired, even if they're qualified. There is still an expectation that a married woman will quit her job to stay at home. Sexual harassment, though technically illegal, is apparently common at the workplace and women had to quit because of that.
Moreover, the conflict between marriage and career is also one of the salient problems. In 2005, 59 % of Japanese women in their late 20s and 20 % of Japanese women in their 30s were not married. So, staying single for Japanese women is still seen as nontraditional or abnormal. Most of them are combined with negative meanings, such as urenokori (“left unsold”, refers to older than 25 year-old single Japanese women like the Christmas cake after 25th December, no one wants it), parasaito singuru (parasite single, describe adult children live with parents like dependents), and makeinu (“loser dog”, as opposed to a “winner” who is a married mother). Traditional ie or the ie system is the most prominent concept concerning Japanese families, which determines that women were valued and accorded status only as it related to their role as mothers. Although the ie concept was formally abolished in 1947, the core value of gender stereotypes still persists in every stage of Japanese society.
Part III: Female depiction in Anime and Manga (Shonen vs Shoujo)
Both historical and modern viewpoints played a role in the portrayal of females in anime and manga. The adherence of above said "yamato nadeshiko" is more prevelant in shonen manga. In shoujo manga, the raw emotions of females are depicted with issues like long-distance relationships (where the woman work in a company and can hardly maintain her love life), love-triangles etc:

Shonen (male-audience) anime/manga: In Shonen anime, the male is  the protagonist. All the stories go with the development of male protagonists’ abilities, skills, maturity, self-perfection, and honorable service to society, community, family, and friends. The heroic journey is always the pattern of Shonen manga and anime . Women often play roles as mothers, sisters, and  girlfriends in a secondary position portraying yamato nadeshiko. Most long-time popular shonen series follow this rule, such as Dragon Ball, Slam Dunk, and Saint Seiya. Within the Shonen genre, there is a sub-genre called harem. Many times, the harem manga and anime have overly-sexualized multi-female characters that pursue the main male protagonist, who is considered a social defect (i.e. shy, less-then-masculine physical features, and emotionally “sensitive”) E.g. Ah! My Goddess, Tenchi Muyō, and Video Girl Ai.
Shoujo (female audience) anime/manga: The female protagonists in shoujo manga are highly appreciated, or recognized by the boy of-their-dream when they accept and embrace the more private side of these males. The storylines in shoujo manga usually revolve around issues of love and
friendship, and is filled with unrequited love, love triangles, friendships forged through the trials and tribulations of high school life. The
drama of emotions, attachments, and inner feelings is always central to shoujo manga.

References

tvtropes: Yamato Nadeshiko
Gender and Gender Relations in Manga and Anime
JAPANESE ANIME AND WOMAN’S GENDER-ROLE CHANGING by Shunyao Yu, 2015
SAITO, KUMIKO. “Magic, ‘Shōjo’, and Metamorphosis: Magical Girl Anime and the Challenges of Changing Gender Identities in Japanese Society.” The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 73, no. 1, 2014, pp. 143–164. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43553398.

To find the reason why women become more submissive after marrying, you also need to consider the setting the story takes place in. While the depiction of women in the works of a Japanese creator tends to be influenced by his own cultural upbringing, there are also cases where he may see the need to do it, like in historical settings in which women were usually expected to be submissive. And as many „Isekai“ or „Otome-Game“ works tend to have medieval elements, the women depicted in them might also tend to be more submissive.

On a different note, considering that more and more animes/mangas (and novels) are being created outside of Japan (especially in China and Korea), it might be worth noting that each country has different ideals about women and their relationship with men. And it’s notable that the stereotype of a Yamato Nadeshiko doesn’t seem to have established itself well in communities outside Japan. Let’s take China for example: the heroines tend to be in the upper social caste and more independent.

@Eti2d1 good points. But my answer is already getting long. That's why I just touched upon mantra's point in brief. It was also a good move by him to include his own answer & elaborating his own points. So, I'd invite you to convert your comments into a separate answer so that you can get your credit as well as elaborate your points freely. Coming to your 2nd comment: yes the culture is quite different outside Japan. There is a elaborate discussion of "women culture in China vs Japan" along with relevant statistics in ref. 3. You can use the reference if you want.

Most women in anime are either students, nobles, or an overworked corporate employee.
Probably the near complete abscensce of housewifes in western media makes you over estimate the amount that appear in non western media. That or you are reading a narrow set of genres.

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Loss of shinobi abilities after overusage of Mangekyou Sharingan
When a shinobi overuses the mangekyou sharingan, other than the vision (blindness), does he lose any other abilities as well? If so, what are they?

I have no clue why this has been down-voted.

I strongly disagree that my edit changed the meaning of the question. All I did was restate the question and provide information that might lead to an answer. The question body is for asking your question in a more detailed manner. As it is, this is not a question at all.

@ShayminGratitude It didn't change the meaning per say, but it was way to much of a change. Edits (if you are not the OP) are for fixing mistakes in things like grammar, spelling, or broken links and other similar things. Adding details is not one of those things, and you can only get away with it if the Op asked for it, which they did not in this case.

@SahanDeSilva Most likely its related to the 3 close votes I see for "unclear what you are asking". That is strange since it is clear what is being asked, crystal clear. I cant imagine how it could be interpreted in any way except as intended, unless you know nothing of Naruto. Its not a particularly great question, IMO not worth upvotes, But I do agree its not worth downvotes either, nor is that close reason actually a good reason to close the question. A proper grammar edit is in order though.

@Ryan That isn't quite right. Edits can be made for these reasons: To fix grammar and spelling mistakes, To clarify the meaning of the post (without changing that meaning),  To include additional information only found in comments, so all of the information relevant to the post is contained in one place, To correct minor mistakes or add updates as the post ages, To add related resources or hyperlinks. See https://anime.stackexchange.com/help/editing

This question needs a question body or it needs to be closed as unclear.

@ShayminGratitude That is only true for the OP, As I had said. If you are not the OP, adding details is a risk unless you have absolute proof they belong there. People who moderate these things are not necessarily experts on every anime. Sure, I who know Naruto know your edit was accurate, but if I didn't know about Naruto, I would have no idea where your edit came from. If you are OP, unless the edit is malicious, its left alone and the question is judged. If you are not OP, the edit is judged alone, and you changed the content without any backing from OP.

@ShayminGratitude FWIW, I decided to rollback your edit because SE discourages spoonfeeding. You added more than 90% of the content, including Itachi's losing eyes which was not mentioned by the OP. The more proper way is to provide feedback to the OP how to improve it, e.g. by commenting.

It may be helpful to clarify in the question if/that they mean they go blind BECAUSE of the Mangekyo Sharingan. It is ambiguous in the question whether it is only referring to the blindness due to the Mangekyo Sharingan or to any blindness that might occur while having it (eg unrelated damage to the eye). Because I misunderstood at first.

I re-edited the question. Hope it's clear now

I was also wondering for a bit as well as I do know that it eventually makes the user blind which leads them to snatching the eyes from a blood relative Sharingan user. Whether that impacts their abilities is something I wasn't sure of.
But, fret not, now I am!
Once Mangekyou Sharingan has been awakened, it grants them a lot nice extra's, but also the negative effect of turning blind over time. As far as I could find, the only negative effect is blindness, meaning that they retain their abilities from their eyes. Of course, it might be a bit difficult to cast Amaterasu accurately based on the sound of footsteps when you're blind, but that is essentially what is possible.
When they awaken the eternal variant, they can unlock eventually what they had with their original eyes. Meaning that in the end, they gain a lot more.
So in short to answer your question, no, you don't. You only lose your sight unless you have the eternal variant.
Source: Naruto Wikia - Mangekyō Sharingan

you could expand on this answer a bit by talking about Kakashi and his near blindness when he was helping Guy against Madara

They do not lose fire-weilding and other genjustu learned however when they lose their sight they do lose the Sharingan abilities. What happens is their eyes lose light and in essence, die.  If they retained the eyes abilities, Madara would have had no need to steal as many eyes as he had, for his other senses would have filled in and in essence made the Sharingan stronger with practice without actual sight (much like Daredevil). Loss of sight= loss of Sharingan. That creates hatred among the clan though because when an Uchiha outuses his abilities, he steals them from another clan member.

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How did Nagato learn about how to create the Paths?
I don't know if it was ever explained but, how did Nagato learn about how to create the Paths of Pain?

Obito was responsible for the creation of Akatsuki in it's current state. he manipulated Nagato and those around him and formed the ideas and ideals he needed in Nagato's head. After Yahiko, Nagato's friend and initial leader of Akatsuki died, Nagato gave in to Obito's temptation and it's reasonable to assume Madara explained how the Rinnegan works for Obito to help him resurrect Madara better.

IIRC, the statement Obito was responsible for the creation of Akatsuki is incorrect. http://naruto.wikia.com/wiki/Akatsuki - Orphans of the Second Shinobi World War, the three created Akatsuki as a way to bring peace to their home country

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Is there such a thing as Eternal Sharingan?
Since transplanting a relative's Mangekyou Sharingan gets you an Eternal Mangekyou Sharingan, will transplanting a regular Sharingan get you an Eternal Sharingan?

The Mangekyou Sharingan is an eye that makes you gradually go blind when after a long periods of use. The Sharingan does not have this side effect. Therefore, the "Eternal" part of the Sharingan, which denotes an eye that will not get progressively blinder overtime, does not apply to a normal Sharingan.
In fact, the only real benefit to transplanting a normal Sharingan (given that you already have one) is so that you can use the Izanagi. This technique makes the eye lose its light in one go.

 It can be seen during Obito's fight with Konan, that he transplanted an eye which he then used for the purpose of reviving himself with the Izanagi

Not only the Izanagi, the person can use the Izanami too.

@EroSɘnnin This is true, but you don't need another eye to use the Izanami. It seems like it would be the case, since it's the counter to the Izanagi, you can use the Izanami without loss of eyesight.

Sorry but that isn't the case. During the Kabuto-Uchiha brothers confrontation, Edo Tensei Itachi uses Izanami. And we see that his eye becomes disabled. The price is same for both techniques, but the process and the outcome differs.


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Why did Beerus say "Say something." at the end of Episode 118 of Dragon Ball Super?
At the end of Episode 118 of Dragon Ball Super, just after Champa and Universe 6 is erased, Beerus says "Say something."
Could this mean that Champa will continue to live on in Beerus' mind? Or did they previously have a connection that allowed them to communicate telepathically?

He said say something to the announcer, because at such an emotional moment the character had enough screen time and decided the episode to be over.

Due to their brotherly bond, he wished to have heard some goodbye words. Beerus deeply cares for Champa as does Champa for him. They are like siblings. They always fight, cause drama but at the end of the day they want the best for each other.
During the fight between the Namekians and Gohan & Picollo. Whiz was asking Beerus why he was silent for a while and is he worried that Champa's universe might be erased. Nobody knows Beerus like Whiz does, so if he asked that question then it implies that Beerus was genuinely worried about Champa.
Remember the episode of the tournament before this where Beerus's universe won from Champa's universe? They were awarded a wish with the universal Shenron. What did Beerus wish for? To restore the planet earth in Champa's universe, so that Champa could enjoy the good food as well. He could wish for selfish things or to strengthen his warriors or whatever else, but he did it so that his kid brother could be happy and enjoy the food as well. This indicates that Beerus cares about Champa the same way as an adult brother cares for his kid brother.
So back to the universal tournament; the stakes are high and while they enjoy fighting each other we can conclude that both want to win, but they don't want their brother to lose either. If anything Champa wishes deeply that if he doesn't win then his Brother Beerus should and vice versa.
At the final moment Champa called out to his big bro and would've probably said something but he isn't a fool. Due to his troubled face he resorted to making a funny face instead, indirectly telling Beerus to not worry and rather to focus on winning. Beerus on the other hand... wanted to hear some parting words. A "good bye!" or "good luck!" would have lifted his spirits a bit, but knowing Champa he didn't want to resort to a touching goodbye, so he acted accordingly to his behaviour. Beerus wish to hear some final words was what made him say that.
This is simply the bond of an elder brother losing his younger brother while both are aware that one is going to vanish... and at the moment of vanishing you would want to hear your brothers voice doesn't matter what it is. This is more something emotional and sensitive rather than some beyond-human-level form of communication. This was the feeling of losing someone close to you while being unable to do anything about it at all.
Off-topic; Vegeta was pretty pissed about it as well. And remember what Vegeta said to Cabba? He would win the tournament and wish Cabba's universe back so that Cabba could show him around in his universe. At the current episode and ending I think that Beerus has a similar feeling right now. He wished planet earth back for his brother previously. It is quite obvious what his next wish will be (if they are granted a wish at all).

Beerus had been silent the entire time champas universe started loosing aces as said by whiss. However when universe 6 was about to be deleted and champa called out to him; it looked as though he had decided to still stay silent until that moment his brother called out to him. Beerus looks out of the corner of his eyes to see his little brothers silly but somewhat content face at him during his own erasure and says TO HIMSELF, say something. As to imply to himself not to be silent suring his brothers erasure, to say something before you never see eachother again but wanst able to manage anything but that.

Beerus said "say something" because he can speak with Champa through his mind. He doesn't believe that Champa is actually gone so he says "say something". But Champa can't answer because he is erased from existence.

I thought Beerus was testing telepathically trying to speak to his brother to really see wether or not he's been erased. So when he says "say something", he's trying to communicate with his brother telepathically. Even tho they fought allot, they do love each other very much. Brothers just act that way.

I think the answer to this could be interpreted in many ways. I have an alternate answer than the one which has already been stated. I believe Beerus was talking to the narrator which happens in a lot of anime. This is because Beerus doesn't know what to say after what happened and asks the narrator to speak which is probably why we hear the narrator speak right after followed by Vegeta's interaction with Katopesla. Beerus, a character who never shows emotion on screen, is feeling legitimate sadness for the first time on screen. He just lost his brother and is being focused on by the camera. Beerus obviously being conflicted with how he felt probably wanted to be left alone (audiences eyes off him) and out of the spotlight and as OP says thats why he says "say something" because he's telling the narrator to hurry it up. This might be considered as disrespect just because of its 4th wall breaking, I'd say it's more emotional. We have a character like Beerus who wants to be left alone and out of site due to the erasure of his brother, he wanted the episode to end because his brother had been erased.

Gohan breaking the 4th wall
Vegeta breaking the 4th wall

Did you mean by narrator the "referee" that announces when an universe/warrior has dropped out or the person that tells what happened during the previous/next episode of dragon ball super?

Do you have anything to back this up?  I have a hard time believing that in a serious episode they would break the 4th wall.

+Ravi Bechoe  I'm referring to the narrator who mentions right after Universe 2 and Universe 6 are erased. The person who usually narrates what happens at the start and end of the anime.  +Becuzz when Universe 2 was erased, it was as though they were addressing the audience towards the end from when they say "Formation"/ Maybe they were trying to say that Ribrianne is a popular character in Japan despite being hated in general.

Also, I can't remember which episode exactly, but there was an episode where one of the writers or show producer or someone appeared on the tournament of power stage and spoke to the audience regarding the tournament of power. Also, I really don't think this was a very serious episode as they managed to incorporate a lot of humor into it too. Like Caulifla chasing the Namekians in the end, Vados sitting with Universe 7 and Champa making the funny face at Beerus. I think this could be a different way to interpret what Beerus meant when he said that.

@GaryAndrews30 When I say "serious episode" I mean something that isn't a joke episode, like the one with Arale.  Those kind of filler-ish type episodes where they are just having fun are where I would expect things like breaking the 4th wall.  In a more normal episode though, I wouldn't expect that at all.

@Becuzz I really feel it is because even right before Universe 2 was erased, the angel was upset and didn't use his staff anymore so Ribrianne wasn't talking to the rest of the people, it very much appeared as though Ribrianne was addressing the audience right before she was erased. Also, dragon ball is watched by a lot of kids and the other interpretations of "say something" mentioned here is just too much for a normal kid to understand. We even see the camera focussing on Beerus and then shifting immediately after with the narrator speaking after he said that.

@GaryAndrews30 Ahh then I understood it correctly with what you meant about the narrator, but I don't recall a single episode where a character, in the dragon ball series, communicated with the narrator.

@GaryAndrews30 I always interpreted Ribrianne (and the rest of U2's crew) talking to the camera as talking to the inhabitants of U2 before they got erased.  We see scenes where those people are watching the tournament and waving their glow sticks around.  (I know the angel wasn't shown to be using his staff, but it wouldn't be the first time Super had an animation mistake or that Toriyama / the rest of the writers forgot a detail.)  Your interpretation has some basis, but I think we will just have to agree to disagree here.

@RaviBechoe I've added a link to my answer showing Gohan breaking the fourth wall.

Thanks for providing samples, I will look it up after work in the manga and original japanese version. Some times the dub versions have been tampered with in order to make things a little bit more amusing. This was a common practise for implementing jokes and such during the 90s.

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Can E.N.D slay Acnologia?
If E.N.D is the strongest Demon in the Books of Zeref and if Acnologia can slay countless dragons, is it possible for E.N.D to slay Acnologia?
I mean, when you think about it, Natsu's dad couldn't slay E.N.D, so is it possible for the Demon to slay a dragon like Acnologia?

do you want to know about the end of fairy tail, coz at the end of fairy tail manga END did fight Acnologia and something did happen, which will be a big spoiler if you are following anime

I don’t know this is just a theory of my

then you should watch or read to the last. your theory has been explained there.

I highly doubt it.
First of all, we have no evidence to suggest that any slayer magic is of a higher tier than any other slayer magic. Wendy and Chelia were about equal when they fought, and Natsu actually defeated Zancrow in combat despite Zancrow's God Slayer magic. Therefore END's Demon Slayer magic isn't necessarily better than Natsu's Dragon Slayer magic.
Secondly, Natsu is END. That means that we don't have any evidence to suggest that END is anything more than Natsu wielding Fire Demon Slayer magic as effectively as he wields Fire Dragon Slayer magic.
So looking at the matchup, I would argue that Natsu is actually better suited to 1v1ing Acnologia as a Fire Dragon Slayer than as a Demon Dragon Slayer. You see, slayer magic is designed to defeat the entity they are named after. That means Fire Dragon Slayer magic is more effective against dragons than Fire Demon Slayer magic. (Chapter 301, Zealconis states that humans were given the magic to slay dragons. That's logically Dragon Slayer magic, and you can deduce that X Slayer magic means magic to slay X).
The reason Zeref designed END is because he wanted to get hit with the most powerful Demon Slayer Magic that existed, since Demon Slayer magic is more effective against his demon body.
At any rate, if Natsu with his super-effective-against-dragons magic can't beat Acnologia without the power of friendship, I doubt he could do so with less effecive magic.

Remember though Acnologia is similar to the demons from the book of Zerf

How so? As far as I'm aware, he's just a normal guy who overused Dragon Slayer magic.

And yet the dragon who try to take out E.N.D end up getting killed by Acnologia  episode 17 to 22  you know how powerful those dragons are seven dragonslayer‘s and yet none of them Can slay a Dragon and yeah yet Acnologia slay 10,000 dragons maybe as possible for a demon to slay Acnologia after all episode one Fairy Tail Acnologia is similar to the demons of the book of zerf even if you do over use your Dragon slayer magic it’ll be impossible to keep living for 400 years Zerf has to have some part in this  what that part is it’s unknown

But if that Dragon is similar to the Demon of the book of zerf maybe one demon can kill another demon

Acnologia isn't a demon though.

Bryan Tan answer has described most of the part. I am going to add some part where they actually fight.
Natsu Dragneel is E.N.D, Etherious Natsu Dragneel, brother of Zeref Dragneel, died 400 years ago and resurrected as Etherious demon but not from the Book of Zeref.

If E.N.D is the strongest demon in the Books of Zeref and if Acnologia can slay countless dragons, is it possible for E.N.D to slay Acnologia?

No, E.N.D(Natsu) can't win Acnologia if they fight one on one. Natsu uses Dragon slayer magic. Acnologia was a dragon slayer too, who turned into a dragon because he overused his dragon slayer magic.
In Chapter 540-44, when all the dragon slayer are trapped in Ravines of time, they all together fight with Acnologia. If we see the fights between all the dragon slayer and Acnologia, he is overwhelmingly powerful.
His dragon body was sealed by Lucy in Fairy sphere with the help of combine power of whole continent which made his body in Ravines of time freeze. Taking this as a chance Natsu defeats Acnologia with the help of the power received from all the dragon slayer.

so is it possible for the Demon to slay a dragon like Acnologia?

No, magic has no effect against him. So slaying Acnologia is impossible.

Somebody might be thinking that if magic can't kill then how Dragon Slayer magic can? Read Dragon Slayer Magic thoroughly for better grasp

There is a possibility because the main thing with acnologia is the fact that he can consume any sort of magic the reason E. N. D might beat him is because he doesn't use magic he uses curse power and being the strongest in the books of zeref means he was stronger than mard geer who fought celestial spirit king also he in his incomplete demon form was still powerful enough to overpower time stop he was simply stronger than any sort of slayer magic at that point so as hard as it is to do it, once he controls his demon form he can very likely beat acnologia

Please include relevant sources/references.

I believe that Natsu, in the most powerful END state that we have seen, could beat Acnologia, this being when he at Ignia’s flames in the 100 Year Quest manga. It is stated by the guild master of Magia Dragon (the employer of the quest) that the Holy Pentadrakes or Five God-Dragons are all as strong if not stronger than Acnologia. Taking this into account by the fact that Natsu was stronger than Merciphobia in his END state, we can conclude that 1 year after the when Natsu actually fought Acnologia, he is strong enough to beat him.
If we are looking at JUST Natsu’s raw power outside of END, I would say that he could not beat Acnologia.

I believe that E.N.D cannot defeat Acnologia.

He was reborn from Etherious matter like the other demons but given a different purpose.  He wasnt given a curse power.  Igneel could defeat E.N.D but didn't because Igneel loved natsu. Later on Zeref gave Natsu to Igneel so he can raise him and teach him magick. Fire dragon slaying magick.
Acnolgia slayed Countless dragons and gained a reputation and called himself the King of Dragons.. He Mastered the Art of Dragon Slaying magick. His power rose from the Tenrou sland ard to Alvares arc. As Erza said. He's on a different level since Tenrou island. He had the power to rule the world if he wanted.
Zeref wanted Fairy heart to defeat Acnolgia. Even though they had the Sprigann 12 and Military power.

E.N.D can defeat Acnologia in some possible ways.
Natsu Dragneel in episode 276 and 277 is way stronger than 1 year ago, that's just 1 year, he took out the new strongest guild in Fiore in 1 shot, so maybe if he can use his dragon slayer magic in his fullest potential, he can kill Acnologia.
Some people say that he can't defeat him because Acnologia turned into a dragon by overusing dragon slayer magic, but I believe it's wrong. Natsu and all other dragon slayers could turn into dragons as well if their parents didn't seal them inside their bodies to protect them from physically transforming into a dragon.

If E.N.D is the strongest demon in the Books of Zeref and if Acnologia can slay countless dragons, is it possible for E.N.D to slay Acnologia?
I mean, when you think about it, Nastu's dad couldn't slay E.N.D, so is it possible for the Demon to slay a dragon like Acnologia?
Yes. I believe it’s possible for E.N.D could beat Acnologia. Though, not a lot of information has been stated about END but he’s happened to break through a time freeze. Assuming he’s using curse power since most demons do, it would be easier on Acnologia. Also, the reason gray was able to go toe-to-toe with natsu was because he had demon slayer magic. A magic that was made to deal with those type of demons and curses. It’s been shown when gray mange to freeze curse power and he was immune to the ‘thorn curse that removes your existence.” Also, the reason Igneel didn’t kill natsu wasn’t because he wasn’t strong enough. It was because he wanted to raise him. If you wanna add ‘dragon cry’ which some people say isn’t canon even though it’s mentioned in the manga, he uses E.N.D form to slay a dragon. So yes, I believe it’s possible for E.N.D to slay Acnologia. Also, a lot of people keep saying that Acnologia over used Dragon slayer Magic which caused him to turn into one but that isn’t true. That was a side effect of dragon slayer Magic which was shown with Erza’s Mother. Igneel and the other dragons created the anti-bodies which stop natsu the rest of the slayer from transforming. The reason Acnologia is OP is because he slay hundreds of dragon and bathed in their blood. It’s been stated that dragon slayers power could increase by bathing in dragon Blood. It’s been said by rogue and stings dragons. Though it’s not been said why or how he’s able to eat magic and is immune, but my theory is that he’s so op that he’s now able to eat any element also because he absorbs dragon souls too.
The only reason why natsu and the slayer beat Acnologia was because they used Fairy spheres while he was on a boat. A dragon slayers weakness. Anyways, E.N.D was supposed to be strong than Zeref and I’m sure they’re gonna release more of him in the 100 year quest. But in my opinion,  yes, E.N.D could beat Acnologia. He was able to break through frozen time, slay a dragon (dragon cry) and even burn almost everything in his path. Plus, it’s stated that demons have another form so we probably haven’t seen full E.N.D

Natsu in END's form can beat Acnologia as magic doesn't work well against Acnologia but END's curse power can.
When Acnologia entered the battle, then Mard Geer said that Acnologia is afraid of END and have come to slay END before its reborn again. That proves it.
Also, END defeated a god which uses magic and is also the most powerful curse user. Curse is a power greater than magic.


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How did Madara Uchiha give his Rinnegan to Nagato?
We have seen that Madara had awakened his left eye to a Rinnegan. But Nagato's both eyes have Rinnegan when they are transplanted.
How did Madara Uchiha give his Rinnegan to Nagato?

Madara had activated Izanagi in his right eye. Using this forbidden jutsu, he came back to life after Hashirama killed him.
Because he used Izanagi, the light/sight of the right eye was removed. Because that's the price you have to pay when you use Izanagi or Izanami.
Madara had bit off a piece of Hashirama's flesh during the battle. After he came back alive, he went into hiding, planting a clone in his tomb. Then he surgically attached the flesh onto his body and waited.
Near the end of his natural life, he awoke the Rinnegan in both eyes. This awakening restored the sight in his right eye, a unique property of the Rinnegan.
Since he was nearing death and was unable to complete his plans, he transplanted his eyes to a Senju descendant, Nagato. The technique he used is not mentioned anywhere, but it would be a piece of cake for him, because of his intelligence and the help from Zetsu.

To add to this, considering that Nagato himself didn't know about the transplantation, Madara must have used genjutsu on him on the night Nagato's parents were murdered. In fact, it might be Madara himself that killed Nagato's parents and make it as if it was Konoha ninjas that did it using genjutsu.

Possible. Only Kishi sensei knows..

Eye transplants before his death. He choose an Uzumaki because he believed that they were able to wield it as well as an Uchiha.

As far as I can remember, Madara awakened Rinnegan in both his eyes. He used Hashirama's cells to achieve the result, which affected both his eyes. The reason it seemed only his one eye had Rinnegan was because of his hairstyle which covered his other eye.

But Madara loses his right eye as he used the Izanagi to revive himself.

Madara used Izanagi when he had EMS. He awakened Rinnegan later on in his life. I'm assuming that when he awakened Rinnegan, his other eye also got back its vision. @BlackPegasus

Madara gave both his rinnegans to Nagato and when he was revived with Edo Tensei, the jutsu gave him some fake eyes to make him appear as he was before death (or when the sample for the jutsu was collected). So when he was actually revived and came back to life, He was revived the way he died( without his own eyes). Then he takes back only one of his rinnegans because the other one is being used by Tobi. He steals the eye back from Tobi later on to complete his state.


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S1 EP20: How did Mikasa know Armin said Eren might be in the rear of the centre rank of the formation?
In season 1 episode 20, Armin figured out that Eren might be in the rear of the centre rank after the fight with the female titan. After that, he and Mikasa never met up.
However, about 15 minutes into the episode, Mikasa was thinking about something in the forest and recalled that Armin mentioned that Eren would be in the rear centre rank. But that makes no sense given they never met up after Armin figured it out and so Armin could never have told her.
So how could Mikasa know that Armin figured out that Eren was in the rear centre rank?

Good question. There is no answer to this. I*ve researched the manga, wiki, and rewatched the anime. However, Mikasa would have eventually known where Eren is anyway because she heard his Titan scream.

Well most probably because they could have noticed that the flank formation they both received had no location marked for Eren, and Armin could have figured it out before they went for the expedition.
As such, there is no such mention in the manga, so we can only speculate what might have happened.

Armin could not have figured it out before they went out for the expedition. He figured it out during the expedition.

Did you listen what Mikasa said? Armin "guessed" that they might be in rear centre.Logically, that would've been the safest position in the entire formation. Remember, in episode 16 where scouting formation was told to Mikasa and Armin, you can hear Armin saying that Eren's position was mentioned nowhere in the scouting report. That's why he would've guessed and told Mikasa where Eren would most likely be.


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Episode 309: Who saved Usopp on the bridge at Enies Lobby?
Does somebody know what happened on the bridge at Enies Lobby after Usopps speech to Luffy (This isn't hell!), when the three Marines attacked him and he didn't manage to hit them?
Suddenly he got rescued, but who did that? I guess it was Dragon but is there any proof?

In the manga Usopp was saved by Zoro, but in the anime it seems Usopp was saved by a stray Rankyaku Gaichou shot from Lucci. He got extremely lucky that it hit the three of them.
Below are screenshots from chapter 309. At 15:43 Lucci releases the shot. At 15:46, Luffy dodges the shot and it goes upwards. At 15:56 it hits the Marines next to Usopp.


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How/when was Aladdin captured?
In the Morgiana Arc, how was Aladdin captured or when was he captured?

It's never shown, last time you see Aladdin he's planning on joining a caravan that's headed in the same direction as him, and then he's not seen again until Morgiana finds him captured.
He explains that some rocks fell on the caravans, he blacked out and when he woke up him and his friends were captured. Presumably the bandits just dragged his unconscious body away and cuffed him.
He didn't seem particularly stressed about the situation, and was probably waiting for an opportunity to escape.


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Why is it that almost every anime I watch is about School kids?
Sure, there are a few exceptions, but very few. Every anime I watch is about School kids and/or usually takes place in a school. Why is that so? Is it about the general audience, or something else?
Edit: Oh yeah, also School Clubs. Schools and school clubs. Seriously.
Edit 2: I found this, I've already seen quite a few of the mentioned. I don't know if recommendations are allowed on this Stack site but I wanted to get your opinion in the comments.

The reason almost every anime you watch is about schoolkids is that you are only watching the anime about schoolkids. (I mean, yes, there are a lot of them, sure, but there is a lot of other stuff out there, too.)

@senshin - I know there is other stuff, but my question here is why the majority is based around Schools? For every 10 Anime I watch, 9 are based around schools.

My feeling is that Hakase's answer is half-correct. I agree that characters are generally chosen so that the target audience can relate to them. However, I disagree that means that they're necessarily the same age as the target audience. That is to say, people don't necessarily relate best (as a group) to people who are of the same age as them. What people do relate well to are characters who are in a situation that is at least somewhat similar to what they have experienced, but this generally only means that the characters need to be younger than the target audience, not the same age.

To understand this in more depth, we need to know a bit about anime/manga demographics. You may already know this, but I'll write it here for completeness. There are five key demographic groups. The youngest group is called "kodomo", literally meaning "child". The target age range is something like 3-7 years old. It is not typically segregated by gender. The most famous show targeting this group is probably Doraemon, but there are actually a large number of shows aimed at this group. You probably don't watch many of them, though, so I'll ignore it. Next, there are shounen and shoujo, for (respectively) boys and girls. These target school-age children in the range of 8-17 years old or so. Most of the most famous anime are shounen, including Dragon Ball, One Piece, and Naruto. There are some famous shoujo series like Sailor Moon, but fewer than shounen. Above that, there are the seinen and josei groups, targeting (respectively) men and women in the 18-34 age range. By volume, seinen is probably the largest demographic group, but certainly not by viewership. You can probably find more information here in a number of other questions about the relative sizes of these and what counts as what. All the ages quoted are approximate, but they're at least moderately accurate.
These demographic groups aren't as flexible as you might think. Most anime is pigeonholed into one of them. Children's anime typically airs during the daytime and is sponsored by the station directly. Most of these aim to be at least marginally educational. Shounen and shoujo anime mostly airs during primetime hours or in the mornings, when they aren't at school. The successful ones are able to secure some external sponsorship and rely on this as their primary source of revenue. Adult anime usually airs in late night time slots (or on special anime stations), when broadcast restrictions are lessened and stations are willing to sell out their airtime. These are usually not sponsored in any way, and actually have to buy their airtime. They rely on merchandise sales, including DVDs and increased manga sales, to break even, and hence are forced into targeting consumers with enough money to purchase the expensive DVDs (typically approximately 6000 - 8000 yen for 2 or 3 episodes) and merchandise. While it's possible for a show to air at a different time than this would indicate (e.g. shounen shows airing in late night slots), it is much harder for various reasons, so it's not that common.

For now, I'll restrict to the male audiences, which are significantly larger than their female counterparts (and with which I have significantly more experience). Among shounen shows, it's actually rather easy to find examples where school is nowhere to be found or irrelevant. All the famous examples I listed above don't have school settings. On the other hand, many seinen shows are set in schools. My personal feeling is that it's probably more common for seinen shows than shounen to be set in a school. I don't claim to have anything like a representative sample, and it may be that the two rates are actually about equal. But even still, the fact that any seinen shows are set in schools casts doubt on the theory that the characters are meant to be the same age as the viewers, since very few members of the seinen target audience are still in high school (and none would be in middle school or lower). By my very cursory counting of my own (not at all representative list), of 16 seinen shows I'm watching this season 11 are set at least partially in schools, which is far more than can be explained by the age of the target audience alone.
Instead, I think the driving force here is nostalgia. Shounen shows generally try to appeal to younger kids desire to be older and more mature (for which they may use physical strength as a proxy). Hence you see a lot of "adult" characters. By contrast, seinen shows aim to appeal to the desire of adults to return to a more carefree and easy-going lifestyle which they experienced when they were younger. Such shows typically present an idealized depiction of school life. It's a school life very few people actually experienced, but it's at least close enough that it serves the purposes of creating a nostalgic setting on top of which the story and characters can be developed. Of course, making the characters younger means they have more room to develop as well, at least if they are realistic.
There's a second, related reason. It's much easier to appeal to the lowest common denominator than to aim for the middle of the road. Putting the characters in high school is not going to demoralize anyone or make them feel inferior. Most Japanese people go to (and graduate) high school; the graduation rate is approximately 95%, tied for third place worldwide. There's little worry that setting an anime in high school will alienate viewers. On the other hand, Japan's college graduation rate is only about 53%; while that's still very high compared to most other countries, anime producers often won't risk alienating 47% of their audience by setting shows in college. Likewise, setting shows in a workplace environment risks alienating NEETs who are, at least stereotypically, often anime fans, as well as people working in very different kinds of jobs. While some series drop this entirely and aim for a completely unfamiliar setting, this is somewhat more common in shounen series that aim to appeal to the viewer's sense of adventure. Incidentally, for much the same reasons, shounen protagonists aren't the brightest lot either. This is absolutely not to say that anime are never set in workplaces or in colleges (see, for instance, Servant x Service or Golden Time), but it's far less common.

Let's take a case study. One of the most successful anime in history is K-On!, a seinen slice of life series about girls in a high school light music club. The 2009 anime was highly successful and drew a number of readers to the manga, which before that point was relatively unknown. The 2010 sequel concluded the series with four of the five main girls graduating high school and going off to college, while the fifth entered her final year of high school.
At the conclusion of the anime, the manga was basically at the same point. However, as something of a surprise, the manga author did not decide to conclude the manga there. Rather, he decided to continue it with two series. One would focus on the main four girls in college. The other continued the story of the remaining high school student in her last year and promoted two previously minor characters to members of the club.
The reaction to this was almost altogether negative. Most die-hard fans did not want a continuation in college. On various internet fora, comments were made. Some people said things like "I don't want to read about a bunch of college girls when I didn't graduate college". Others said "there is no way this can continue to be believable, as now that they're in college, they'll have to get boyfriends, and would not have the time to be in a band together". People just didn't want to read about a bunch of college-aged adult women sitting around and eating cakes, even when they were quite happy with it when the girls were just a year younger. The high-school part wasn't plagued with the same level of negative commentary, but it didn't do particularly well on its own, having lost many of the good characters. Readership dropped drastically, and the manga concluded just a year later, the mangaka apparently having decided too that continuing any further wasn't worth it.

I'm returning to the female demographics because they provide some interesting contrast. At least stereotypically, many shoujo series are romances, set in school. This is perhaps understandable. In fantasy, action/adventure genre shows which are common among shounen series, the unusual setting is a large part of the appeal. However, for a romance show, the appeal is in the characters, and as a result setting it in a familiar place like a school is probably the best option. Indeed, for most viewers in the target audience, the majority of all of their social interactions would take place at school. As a result, many (probably more than for shounen) shoujo series are set in schools.
However, an interesting thing happens with josei anime. Josei is significantly smaller than any of the other three demographics I've talked about here. It's actually quite difficult for josei shows to be successful. But as a result, josei series are, in many cases, forced to be more experimental. These series often feature adults in the workforce or college students, sometimes in unusual or difficult situations. Josei is known for being particularly drama-based; romance is present, but often just to emphasize the interpersonal conflicts. Some examples of successful josei anime which do this are Usagi Drop and Hachimitsu to Clover. One can find even more experimental works in manga, though very few make it to anime. Thus, if you want to find some anime that is really broadly different from the mainstream shounen/seinen/shoujo stuff, you can probably find josei works which will appeal to you.

So, at the end of the day, yes, school settings are chosen because viewers can relate to them. However, that is not because the viewers are expected to be in school themselves, at least not always. Rather, in many cases, it's because the viewers are expected to have been in schools at some point, and hence can relate. There are few options as broadly applicable as primary/secondary education for that purpose. Such settings also often are chosen to invoke some nostalgic feelings, and because they won't alienate most viewers. While one can find anime which are not set in schools, they're necessarily more experimental as such settings are not as well developed and appeal to smaller viewerships. If course most anime is not meant to be experimental, and even most experimental shows don't experiment with everything, so the majority of shows nowadays are set in schools, but there are exceptions if you look for them.

One of the most obvious reasons is that it's because of the target audience. The majority of anime titles are aimed at school kids, so there are school kids in it. Of course there are small important distinctions between the sorts of teenagers and young people, but in general they can all be described as school kids.
Books, movies, tv shows and other works of popular art depict the stories of the sorts of people they are aimed at most of the time. Nothing else is as effective at helping the consumers connect with the characters on screen/page. This is marketing 101 in all its glorious action.
Aside from that, school is a unique time in the lives of most people. It's when you get to be emotional, meet with new friends and enemies, join various clubs and do fun stuff, try out new things and have a chance to turn your life around completely. Later on in life it's usually a lot more stable for most, so it's not as rich a setting as a school. You probably wouldn't believe that adults could have any fun adventures or be as irresponsible as kids in their thirties, too.

I'm not sure I find this answer convincing. The target audience for many anime/manga is not school-age children, but many of those still depict characters of this age. This may be difficult to discern just from anime, but if you look at the related medium of Visual Novels, the fraction of VNs taking place in a school is rather high, and yet many of them are rated as 18+, meaning that minors aren't their target audience. Conversely, at least among popular shounen series like Naruto, One Piece, Bleach, and Dragon Ball, school is basically unheard of.


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What does Ikumi mean by "Sand that looks like it's from Koshien"?
In the anime Jinsei - Episode 2, a boy asks them advice on what to give his friend as a Birthday present that doesn't come off as cheap.
Ikumi gives this advice:

I googled Koshien and all I was able to figure out was that it's a Baseball stadium built for High School tournaments. Does this mean that Koshien is a very important place in Japan? But even if that is so, why sand?
I hope someone can explain this to me. Thanks!

High school baseball is a big deal in Japan. Koshien Stadium is where the two national championships are held. I'm guessing what the show is referring to is the "Dirt of Kōshien" tradition (described in the Wikipedia article). I haven't seen Jinsei, and I don't have more than a Wikipedia-level understanding of Japanese high school baseball, so hopefully somebody else can write a good answer.

Koshien Stadium is the site of the finals of two national baseball tournaments for high schoolers in Japan (referred to as "Spring Koshien" and "Summer Koshien"). Making it to Koshien means that your team is extremely successful, one of the best in the country. Making it to either of these is a dream for many Japanese high schoolers who play baseball. Players who make it to Koshien often have successful professional careers after high school. In addition the sand from Koshien is literally a sacred object in Shintoism (there is a shrine outside the stadium). Losing teams at Koshien are allowed to take a bag of the sand home as a souvenir, which is to teach them the value of earnest effort even in defeat and supposedly holds life lessons.
As such, for many Japanese high schoolers, Koshien (and anything associated to it, especially the sand) is something of a dream. Baseball is one of the most popular sports in Japan, and these tournaments are famous enough that almost every Japanese person would know them and understand this reference.
For a sports-fan like Ikumi, this seems like a perfect present. The fake Koshien sand is actually quite cheap, but it seems valuable given the history and tradition.

A note to the significance of the sand in context to the advice: The sand of Koshien is the black sand that Kagoshima is well-known for, specifically their black sand spas, known as "sunamushi onsen." Black sand is pretty uncommon to most people. so it makes an exotic gift. Saying it also be from Koshien gives it even more significance, of course makes it more significant to sports fans (like any type World Series memorabilia used in the game).

According to japanvisitor.com, the sand at Koshien Stadium is considered sacred:

One of the enduring images of any day at Koshien is the winning team bounding over to their cheering section to celebrate while the losers cry bitter tears of defeat, beating the walls and falling to their knees, digging the sacred Koshien sand to remember their day by. As long as there are boys who dream of glory there will always be Koshien.

Source
And according to this Reddit Post:

The sand at Koshien is sacred. I mean that literally; the ballpark is considered sacred ground under the Shinto religion, and there's a shrine outside the ballpark to that effect. Losing teams are allowed to take a bag of the sand home as a souvenir. After the game, look for shots of the losing team emotionally gathering earth up.

Also baseball represents the best qualities found in Japanese sports like a self-disciplined work ethic, teamwork and resilience. These qualities are also valued not only in sports but in life too. Since Koshien Stadium is host to a couple of nationwide events in baseball, being a member of the team who is on the grounds and plays would be a great honor and if you don't win first place, the sand or dirt would be proof of your time there.


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What is this scene, where Akamatsu tells about his secret hiding place, a reference to?
In Jinsei episode 11, Akamatsu tells the girls about his "Secret Place for Hiding his Dirty Stuff" and makes this face, with text written like this.

I'm not sure what is this is a reference to. Can somebody explain? Thanks!

This is Yagami Light's infamous scene from Death Note.

Yes. That would also explain the 'Secret Compartment' in his Drawer. Thankyou!


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What kind of Girls does Naotsugu like?
In Log Horizon 2 - Episode 13, Marielle gives Naotsugu candies made of Coconia Fruit and according to the Flavor Text:

Coconia Fruit: A southern fruit used for many applications, such as making various dishes and drinks. If you feed them to someone on Valentine's Day, you may find out who they ♡♡

And as the episode goes, who ever eats it shouts out what they love. When Naotsugu eats them, he only says this much before being interrupted by a kick from Akatsuki:

O Pa ...nti-

It looks a lot like Panties and since it was Akatsuki hitting him, I'm pretty sure it was something perverted. So what was he about to say? Maybe it was mentioned in the manga or someone with Japanese Knowledge can explain it.

As you have guessed, Naotsugu was about to say おパンツ, or panties. However, he was kicked by Akatsuki (who went through the trouble of leaving the kitchen momentarily just to kick him) before he managed to finish his sentence.
This also matches the running gag where he would be kicked by Akatsuki, or when she is not around, he would have to dodge some natural phenomenon conveniently occurs before he manages to finish saying anything pervert. The first case frequently occurs in the first few episodes of the first season (among other occurences here and there), and the second case can be seen 8 minutes into episode 2 of the second season.

I thought so too. But, I thought I might be wrong because of the O at the start?

@Sheharyar: The O at the start is just honorific prefix: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese#Honorific_prefixes

As nhahtdh's answer states, he was about to say おパンツ, or panties.
This doesn't necessarily have anything to do with what kind of girls Naotsugu likes, since Akatsuki explains at around 19:19 on the same episode that the effects of the fruit aren't limited to romantic love:

As such, Naotsugu was just gonna express his love for panties, and not necessarily answer Marielle's question. Much like Shiroe had expressed his love for curry before, not answering directly any question addressed to him, and as Rudy had just expressed his love for the whole group, without even being asked anything.

I thought so too. But, I thought I might be wrong because of the O at the start?


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What is Nina doing?
In episode 12, 7:43 there is a part were Nina Einstein is doing something. Is that what I think it is?
Possibly NSFW:  Link to Youtube Video (Alternate link)

I am also wondering what she was doing there.

well, she 'loves' the class rep..

I thought the more common interpretation was that she had something of a crush on Euphemia...

It is exactly what you think it is

Dude. WTF, I never noticed that before.

why is this question suddenly getting attention? was there a tv rerun of code geass or something?

@Esq you don't have the rep to see it but an answer was posted and deleted, the very act of posting a new answer bumps the question to the top of the main page's list so everyone sees it

On the Code Geass Wikia it says

Nina is shown masturbating to her picture in episode 12.

"Her" refers to Euphemia. Nina began to develop a crush for her back during the Japanese Liberation Front Hotel Incident when Euphie revealed her identity to the JLF to save Nina from being attacked.
Nina's crush on Euphie is almost obsessive and even what she says sometimes can be seen as innuendo to her wanting an intimate relationship. In one episode, she attempts to meet Euphie but is pinned down by the guards and Euphie once again saves her. As they talk by the fireplace, Nina says she wants "Euphie's goodness" elaborating that she wants Euphie's bodily fluid (whether she means saliva or "something else" is up to the imagination).
Now I haven't read anywhere which actually confirms what Nina is doing, but what the wiki says is widely accepted due to her obsession for Euphie, her body movements during and after the scene (including how Nina adjusts her skirt when speaking to Nunnally) and the sound effects, and there is very little else a girl would do when they have images of the object of their obsession in the dark room like that.


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Is it physically possible to turn a mahjong tile white with a super grip?
In the manga Mudazumo Naki Kaikaku, the protagonist Junichiro Koizumi is able to use "goumoupai", the ability to turn any mahjong tile into a white/haku tile simply by gripping it with immense strength, usually leaving the tile dented.
Sure, the manga frequently goes overboard with the abilities of each character, but this one seems like it might actually be possible in real life. I'd assume that the material the tile is made out of would be a giant factor, but apparently Koizumi can even do it with depleted uranium tiles.
How much grip force would be needed to scrape/dent a mahjong tile so that it turns white? Would it be possible for a human (for any material)?

Umm, isn't it more suitable to be posted on [physics.se] even if it's related to anime/manga? Related meta post on there, though. Btw, good question though.

@Aki Sorry, new to the site so I wasn't sure what was in scope or not (I assumed it was okay because there's also the railgun question). I'd be okay with deleting if necessary.

No problem. Personally, I don't have any problem with this being posted here, though I think the question is more related to physics, so no need to delete it :)

The average human hand cannot produce enough grip force to do such a thing. In this study on grip strength, the maximum key grip (holding an object like you would a key) force listed is 42 pounds.
Wood will probably be the softest material a typical modern mahjong tile is made of, from the link in your post. Looking at the compression strength properties of wood, the softest wood listed compresses at 193 pounds per square inch. Keep in mind that hardwoods like maple (456 psi) or oak (778 psi) would actually be used rather than softwoods.
Plastics take things to an entirely new level. This chart shows the compressive properties of some common polymer plastics. Note that the values are given in MPa, or megapascals. 1 megapascal = 145.037738 pound-force/square inch (PSI).
As for materials such as pulverized bone, the only references I could find involved using the materials as partial replacement for concrete. I'd say it's safe to infer that the compressive strength for the compound used in making mahjong tiles would be at least as strong as hardwoods.
Keep in mind these figures only talk about the compression strength of the material. Just compressing the tile alone would not be enough to remove the engraving and paint of the characters on the tile face. Some shear force would also need to be applied as well. I don't think it's necessary to go there at this point, though.

I thought wood might at least be doable, but I guess it's impossible after all. Thanks for the well-researched answer.


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Was Incursio really weaker than Grand Chariot, or was Wave just delusional?
Wave states with great confidence that Incursio is weaker than Grand Chariot, because Incursio was a prototype for Grand Chariot, etc.
The early clashes between Wave and Tatsumi can lead the viewer to such conclusion, but Incursio's has the ability to evolve (from the beast it was made of), while Grand Chariot doesn't.
If you watched to the finale, we can see that

 Tatsumi causes Incursio to evolve so much during the fight against Shikoutazer that it even gains the ability to fly. While it is enough to defeat the emperor, unfortunately not enough to save Tatsumi's life.

Considering this, I don't think that Incursio was the weaker one. Is it so?

Currently there is no actual way of knowing this, especially not in the anime variety as this bends off from the manga's story quite a bit.

Wave states that Incursio is the prototype of Grand Chariot, meaning it was created after Incursio. (ch 18, p 36) (ep 10)
Its full capabilities, however, have yet to be revealed and it is therefore unknown if it is more powerful than its predecessor, Incursio.

But assuming that Incursio's Adaptation & Evolution are limitless, we can most likely state Incursio to be the stronger armor. But as we get to know in the manga (do not believe this is shown in the anime) it also has huge side-effects
spoiler from the manga

 However because Tatsumi forced Incursio to evolve rapidly to increase his strength, Incursio started to manifest in one of Tatsumi's eyes. After being examined by a doctor, he reveals that the armor has started to bond with him. He also states that after a few years Tatsumi could use it without overdoing it like Bulat. Now at the risk of being devoured by Incursio, Tatsumi can only transform 3-4 more times before Incursio consumes Tatsumi.

Rather than evolving, Incursio adapts to its user. Tatsumi just happened to have huge potential, which lead to Incursio evolving along with him.
If we think back to the days where Incursio belonged to Bulat, its only ability apart from the obvious strength enhancing one which it shares with Grand Chariot, is its invisibility. Bulat had owned Incursio for many years longer than Tatsumi ever had.
Also, we know next to nothing about Grand Chariot's own abilities. For all we know, it might be the same as Incursio, only much younger and thus less "experienced".

Nice answer! :-) I didn't read the manga, but was very disappointed with how much Incursio "evolves" in the anime. :-( Perhaps I was expecting too much having seen many shounen anime where the protagonist becomes too OP (whereas AGK is supposed to be a more "realistic" take on things). :-|

Maybe Incursio can be one of the strongest teigu, even though they told us that all 48 Imperial Arms were the same in strength and power. But take note of the following conversation during one of Night Raid's meetings:

Tatsumi: Which is the strongest imperial relic?
Najenda: That would depend on compatibility and how it was used.

So if it depends on the wielder, then Incursio in Tatsumi's hands could be stronger than Grand Chariot in Wave's hands. Incursio in Tatsumi's hands also defeated the Shikoutazer, the most powerful Imperial Arm, so yes, Incursio was stronger than Grand Chariot.

Grand Chariot lack the ability to evolve, removing the risk of losing control or being devoured. Hence it is the final product. That does not mean it is necessarily stronger. Take the toy brand Nerf Guns for example, the original guns are extremely powerful and dangerous but they are designed with a stopper to limit the power making it safer, not necessarily better.

Just to point out final episode proved that Incursio was overall stronger then Grand Chariot, being able to infinitely evolve. In the final episode all it took was one hit with the laser to stop Wave while Tatsumi got hit and kept going envolving his armour to compete with the most powerful Imperial Arms in Akame Ga Kill.

I mean, I see why Incursio could be seen as the stronger and better teigu, but of Grand Chariot is the prototype, IE, the finished, best/most recent version, then who says it can't compete with Evolved Incursio, or even surpass it. All I'm really saying is we haven't seen as much of Grand Chariot as we have Incursio, thus, leading us to believe that, if we haven't seen it happen, it's not possible. So just keep an open mind. Besides, Wave was the only person to weild two Teigu with ease whenever it would normally kill the user, so keep Wave as a factor since he is the user, not just the Teigu itself.

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In manga is there a name for exchange of dialogue between characters that makes a point?
Suppose you want to show that three of the characters have a close relationship spanning back to primary school. Then entire point of the dialogue is to enforce this.
Is there a name for this type of exchange or dialogue? Dialogue that makes a point.
PS. I remember reading somewhere that there is is a particular type of manga where you are only allowed to use four scenes to make this type of point. It's like a punchline or a gag.

A 'story within a story', where you tell a very brief account of separate events to make or explain a point is called an 'anecdote', and isn't isolated to manga alone. A manga that tells its story in 4 panel segments is called a 4koma. Do either of these describe what you're after?

You're close, I'm looking for a kind of synonym to "meme" but not so general. Essentially the point of the 4koma would be to expose some cliche or a bit size joke, so I need a word for the "conclusion" that it makes. For "memes" for example one can discern a "use-case" where you encounter a situation and relay that "meme" as a perfect response, or an all encompassing conclusion. So every time you want to ...insert word... (make a 4koma) about some peculiarity of life you use this.

I'm not too sure then, unfortunately. Just for clarity, are you asking more about what you would call the 'climax' panel of a 4koma? (Or what you'd call the contents of said panel?)

Now that I think about it, with your references, I'm asking for a synonym for Yonkoma as a unit. Let's call it "a sketch". In a manga volume, for example, the first n panels discuss some subject, then the setting changes and some other part of the story is discussed, and so on.

One of these settings is "Life at the seaside" for example, and the author uses 3-4 sketches (one in the house, one playing volleyball, one swimming and another just sunbathing) to make some points that enforce the "Life at the seaside" story. This sketch where the setting doesn't change, characters are rather set (one or many may enter or exit) where the entire discussion revolves around a specific person or activity. Does it have a name? a generic one... PS. Does the climax panel have a specific name and/or characteristic?

Right, I get what you're asking now, but I don't think I know the answer, sorry :L And the last (climax) panel of a 4koma is usually just the place where the punchline is, I can't think of any special characteristics aside from that. The Wikipedia page on 4komas calls the last panel "Ketsu (結)", if that helps.

@unmircea While in the traditional conception of Japanese narrative, you would probably call the fourth panel of a 4koma the ketsu / "conclusion", in casual conversation, one would more likely call it the ochi, which just means "punchline".

I've seen the sort of group of connected 4koma strips that you mention here called a "scene" or "chapter". In the tankoubon, each one has its own title page, like the chapters in traditional multikoma manga. Is that what you're asking about? I'm interested in this question, but right now, between the main question and the comments, things are pretty muddled; if you could edit the question itself to more clearly explain what you're looking for, that would be a big help.

True! We're close but no cigar. I guess the closest in your answer is a "scene" or "theme". To detail a little bit, one such scene would show the character chemistry, how in a certain "context" a different mix of characters end up with different results. The "theme" of loneliness is one example, throughout a manga (multiple volumes) this context is repeated again and again and character's personalities are explored in how they deal with the situation.

The characters themselves might be completely different or just the same character at a different time in their lives and they go through this "wheel of life" again and so on... I guess "theme" is good but too general... IDK It seems like a game really, imagine a baseball manga. The game is there and every player takes turns to be the batter. It seems they all have to go through this "game" and we explore each of their personalities under the pressure to perform. Taking characters like this and having them take turns to play the role in the same "game" to see how it feels.

It's been a long time, but could you update your question with info from the comments? I'm curious and interested to research this question, but there are many terms provided already, which don't seem to answer your question. So, to not put this question in limbo (and also housekeeping this site), could you update it when you're free? Thanks!

Nice reminder! I kind of settled on some explanatory terms but forgot to come back and answer. The "characters" play out their lives in a "setting". Dictionary:  the time, place, and circumstances in which something occurs or develops. So the question still stands... Another good example I managed to figure out, in the case of baseball the answer to my question is a "play". Baseball is the "game" and there a roles each player has to take on for this event to "play" out. One is the batter, one is the catcher, first baseman etc... when all roles are covered, a "play" starts.

Pitcher throws ball in direction of the batter, the batter swings he may or not hit the ball and so on... when the "play" is over some things are decided, like who the loosing team was, the score based on rules and so on. In the case of manga, multiple characters would "attend" such a "setting". One is John A and three young girls. John A is the protagonist, a high school student, while the two others are, one a yandere, a tsundere and an innocent girl (don't know the name). Now a "play" in this situation would be an exchange of lines that cements their roles as yandere, tsundere etc

You don't know which one is what in the beginning of the "play" you might have some idea based on your past experience, but when this "setting" "play"s out you are sure which is which.


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What is the song in Tokyo Ghoul with the discordant piano?
If anyone knows, I would be so grateful. I've been looking for this one song in Tokyo Ghoul Root A that I just cannot find. It has very discordant piano music in the very beginning.
It plays in Root A episode 5, when Kaneki is Centipede and is fighting Shirohara and Amon.

It's called Die Verwandlung. Which is the 3th soundtrack on the Tokyo Ghoul EXTRA CD Vol.2 1st Mini Soundtrack


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Does anybody recognise this song from Princess Kaguya?
So I just watched Princess Kaguya and I can't help but feel like I've heard the ending song in another anime before?
Anybody have any idea what others it has been in? I feel like I've seen it in Clannad or Clannad After Story or some other anime like that.
Any help at all would be greatly appreciated because we all know how stuff like this can drive you insane! :')
Here is the song link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wmUQDR6zG4

It wasn't in Clannad, I'm 99% sure of it. In general, it's quite rare for anime to reuse songs from other anime. Unlike in Western film and TV, where the songs were all created independently and licensed for use, sometimes in more than one work, anime songs are pretty much all commissioned for a single show.

I agree, it's very unlikely it was the same song - perhaps it shares the same tune, but in that case this question seems kinda broad

To add to Torisuda, it's even less likely that this kind of song reuse would happen in a Ghibli film, arguably the artistic pinnacle of Japanese animation.

I'm pretty familiar with the Clannad anime, and I can tell you with 99.9999% confidence that this song never appears in it.
As I said in my comment, and as Toshinou-san and senshin reaffirmed in theirs, it would be very unlikely for two anime to use the same song, especially if one of them is a Studio Ghibli production. Not impossible, but unlikely. As in "I've been watching anime for seventeen years and I've never seen two of them use the same song". That kind of unlikely.
However, that still doesn't mean "impossible", so I looked into the song, "Inochi no Kioku", to try and find out more about its origins. It was written and performed by Japanese singer Kazumi Nikaido. An Anime News Network announcement about the Kaguya Hime film mentions that the song was chosen as the movie's main theme.
The wording of the announcement makes it sound as if Nikaido created the song independently of the film's production, and the production staff decided to license it for use in the film. This is also supported by the release dates; the single for "Inochi no Kioku" was released 24 July 2013, according to GhibliWiki, while the film was released 23 November 2013 according to Anime News Network.
Licensing a song like this is somewhat unusual for anime; it's more typical for the production to hire a songwriter to write a custom song for the anime, and hire a singer (often one of the voice actors) to perform it. They also sometimes hire singer/songwriters to both write and perform the music. I can only think of a few cases (e.g. FLCL with The Pillows) where an anime production licensed music which had already been released.
However, the Anime News Network page on Nikaido only lists her as staff on one anime, The Tale of Princess Kaguya. This strongly suggests that "Inochi no Kioku" only appeared in that anime. I think your memory might be playing tricks on you :)


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How does Tsumugi accelerate?
Well, when Tsumugi is moving around in the space, she creates a Higgs particle jet just like a Gardes. Now, Gardes clearly creates the jet from its engine, but how about Tsumugi? Does she...fart? Is that it? Does she fart Higgs particles to jet around?
The reason I asked this is that a human's fart contains methane which is combustible. And since Tsumugi is shown to produce a blue jet of Higgs particles from under her dress... Does a similar mechanism apply here?

-_- While I think it is a valid question, comparing it to fart is a bit repulsive...

@nhahtdh I know. That's why it is in italic.

Tsumugi is a human-gauna hybrid and has the same Placenta that the gauna use as an all-purpose organ. It is capable of shapeshifting into whatever form is needed at the time, as seen when the gauna begin to have heigus, or Higgs, particle cannons of their own.
Similar to the Benisuzume, Tsumugi has a portion of her body dedicated to keeping a heigus particle engine. Heigus particles appear to exist everywhere given how energy is passively collected. Sidonia and its gardes have heigus particle collectors that can be deployed like solar sails.
So Tsumugi is using the heigus particles she collected to propel herself.

In episode 6 of the second season, during the test of the new propulsion system by Samari's team, a member of the test team asked Tsumugi, who joined the test without prior notice, "How do you even generate thrust, anyway?" Tsumugi replied in embarassed tone, "I don't really know."
This suggest that Tsumugi produce the propulsion herself. Since the bright propulsion came from under her skirt-like thing, it means that whatever organ she use to accelerate is located there.


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What is the name of song that plays in Naruto Episode 29?
What's the music in Episode 29 at 16:10 minutes?
Link here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuQfSMoCtF0

It's Orochimaru's Battle/Fighting theme (Orochimaru no Sentou theme)
from Naruto Original Soundtrack 2.
Here's a Youtube link for the full clip.


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Is there a list of skippable fairy tail episodes to just watch the main plot
I'm really far behind on fairy tail, is there a list of plot episodes I could watch. and I mean Plot not just canon and filler episodes

Skippable or not depends on the taste of the person watching. Your question is opinion based IMHO.

Questions somewhat like this have been asked on SFF.SE with regards to Star Trek, but they usually focused specifically on which episodes were essential to understand later episodes. If you could narrow this down to something like "Which episodes of Fairy Tail do I need to watch to understand [whatever the current arc is]?", it might be permissible, as that can be answered more or less objectively. For now I'm voting to close as primarily opinion-based.

highly recommend you to do not skip filler ,because even though its filler characters on filler episodes  or arcs are reoccurring.

Kindly look into this link for the same.
http://www.animefillerlist.com/shows/fairy-tail
Filler Episodes:9, 19, 49-50, 69-75, 125-150, 204-226
Canon Episodes:1-8, 10-18, 20-48, 51-68, 76-124, 151-203, 227-233