text:
Camera: Not working or all pictures gray
I'm having some serious troubles with my android camera application.
Either it directly tells me that it's not working ("Camera failed" in WhatsApp), or it allows me to take a picture - but that picture is just a full gray image with some stains on it (looks a little like this https://static.vecteezy.com/system/resources/previews/000/119/257/large_2x/gray-paper-texture-background-vector.jpg  for instance). However, through the "viewfinder" everything looks perfect - so the camera hardware itself should be fine.
My guess:
The SD card is damaged. I can't download any pictures from my web browser or send / receive images via WhatsApp (or any other app).
But, I CAN access the files on the SD card, so there is also some evidence against a corrupted SD card.
Details:
Phone: Lenovo K6
OS: Android 6.0

The link you posted gives an "access denied" error. You could [edit] your question and upload an actual picture you've taken if that's easier than describing it.

@elasticman Stackoverflow allows to upload images. Please edit your question and upload/include the image into your post. Please don't use images that are hosted externally.

The link is now working - I can't upload any image from the phone, as I can't see the picture in the gallery. I will try to capture it with a second camera.


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How to make Gmail stop replacing the word "Re:" with a translation?
I have a friend who has a Sony Xperia X F5121 with Gmail v8.7.15.206199545 on Android 8. Every time he replies to a message in his Gmail app, the app replaces the word "Re:" with "השב:", which is the Hebrew translation for "Re".
When he replies from the Desktop Gmail, then it replies with "Re:", so it only affects him when he uses his phone to reply.
The official support suggests changing a language setting but his Gmail's settings simply have no language settings. The phone in general is set up to use Hebrew, and he doesn't want to change that. Is there a way to keep it as "Re:" or - if necessary - change only the Gmail app into English without affecting the overall phone?

If the device is rooted per-app language settings are possible

@beeshyams how?

Xposed modules are available, like this for instance. I haven't used any of those but search should reveal more

Without root it's not possible to change language settings differently to system language and modules like these make it possible

I know other people have by default Gmail in English while the phone is in another language, without any modules or anything. Just by default. How come not for him?

source: Stack Exchange

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

sort: votes


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WhatsApp Archive Issue
I'm running WhatsApp on Android 8.
I've archived all my chats on WhatsApp , and I have continuous automatic backups switched on. Will the archives and their media also be backed up on WhatsApp along with all other chats and all other media ?  Is there anything specific I should know ? This is the first time that I've archived anything on WhatsApp.
Any help and shedding some light on the question and related issues would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

Yes. All contents of WhatsApp including archived chats media , messages, audio notes will be backed up to Google Drive
I have done backing up and restoring multiple times so can absolutely confirm

all_licenses: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Question about restricted user profiles on 4.4.3 KitKat tablet
I realize that 4.4.3 is a very old version at this point so let me explain my situation for context. I work as IT in a small trucking company, we are a client of another company called PeopleNet who provides us with units to track our trucks, take driver logs, provide GPS, etc. Recently we purchased some of their MS5 PeopleNet Connected Android tablet units from them, along with their application we also wanted drivers to use certain applications that railyards are beginning to regularly use for in-gating and out-gating loads. Obviously though, we don't want them to have access to much beyond those.
PeopleNet wants us to send the tablets back for a 3 week period and pay 12$ a month to do this for us on a tablet system that was already 900$, which is ridiculous. Setting up a restricted user profile has pretty much provided everything minus one exception, the PeopleNet application (called PMobile) is not listed at under the applications for the restricted user at all.
I was wondering if someone with much more knowledge of Android could tell me, is this application not showing because I know at version 4.4.3 that restricted user profiles were a fairly new feature (It is also impossible for me to update the tablet past this version.)? This application was also NOT installed through the Play Store, but through a USB stick, could that be the issue? The application also has a plethora of permissions it requires, does this make it unusable in a restricted user profile at all?
If anyone could help me understand or even get the app to show so I can turn it on/off for the restricted user profile I'd greatly appreciate it. Thank you.


text:
How to enable USB Debugging from recovery mode?
My phone screen broke. I can't see anything, and the touch screen doesn't work. I can't buy a new phone, so I'm not looking into backing up my data, I want to be able to use it from my pc.
I have a Motorola Moto G2 running LineageOS 14.1, and TWRP custom recovery.
Until now I have been able to use my phone with from my PC using Vysor, because I previously had USB debugging activated. However, I accidently deactivated it and now I'm stuck out.
I can access via ADB through recovery and already have investigated how to activate USB debugging again from the shell using these sources:

How to enable USB Debugging in Android if forgotten pattern for screen-unlock?
Can I enable USB debugging using adb?
Broken screen while debug mode was disabled. How can I re-enable adb?
Enable USB debugging through Clockworkmod with adb
How can I enable adbd during boot on Cyanogenmod?
Manually enable adb debugging from recovery
How to authorize adb service from boot

But none of these solutions have worked for me.
Here's a brief summary of everything I've tried:

I've set the content of /data/property/persist.sys.usb.config to mtp,adb
I've edited /data/system/users/0/settings_global.xml, setting adb_enabled, verifier_verify_adb_installs and development_settings_enabled to 1
I've added these lines to /system/build.prop:
persist.service.adb.enable=1
persist.service.debuggable=1
persist.sys.usb.config=mtp,adb
I've used the following setprop commands:
setprop persist.service.adb.enable 1
setprop persist.service.debuggable 1
setprop persist.sys.usb.config mtp,adb

But when I reboot, I still can't see my device when I run adb devices
Not only that, but then everytime I reboot to TWRP recovery again, I notice that some changes are reversed:

/data/property/persist.sys.usb.config content only says adb
/data/system/users/0/settings_global.xml remains almost intact but adb_enabled is back to 0 again
When I run getprop to all of the properties I've setted before using setprop, it returns an empty string (which makes me suspect that the changes I've been making to /system/build.prop are being completely ignored)

It's as if everytime the phone boots, the system loads some default configuration and reverses some of the changes I've made and USB debugging remains deactivated. Am I missing something? I really not know what else to do.

Keep in mind that you are running the recovery OS, not the main OS. Also consider that certain paths may be loaded from a RAM-disk image, there editing has no persistent effect.

Then, where should I make the changes necessary for the main OS to apply my parameters? Is there any file which is being loaded from boot that I can edit to activate usb debugging?

May be you should elaborate first why you need adb on your main OS. From your description it seems like you already have adb access from the recovery rom and it looks like you have access to your data partition. Therefore you can backup your data and migrate it to a new phone.

Because right now I can't afford a new phone. I'm not looking for a backup of my data, what I'm looking for is to be able to use my phone from the computer. As I said, I use an app named Vysor that mirrors the screen and lets me manipulate it, but for it to work, USB Debugging must be activated.


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Can connect to hotel WiFi, but Google Chrome says I am offline
I (Oneplus 3) and my girlfriend (iPhone) arrived in a hotel yesterday with open networks for us to use. So no splash screen or log in. The problem that I am facing is that I am able to connect to the network but I can't seem to use Google to search for things. It gives me "You're offline" without any additional information. However, I am able to receive WhatsApp messages and use some other apps like Facebook.
I have tried everything that I can think of and have been using mobile data to Google that problem for a few hours but no result. The weird thing is that when I connect to like a restaurant WiFi, everything works like it's supposed to. In the hotel, everyone can use WiFi except me.

Do any other browsers work? Have you checked your proxy settings on the computer? Have you made sure you don’t have a static IP configured? Maybe your computer is infected with a virus that is redirecting web requests through malicious servers which are blocked by the hotel. This isn’t really the forum for drawn out troubleshooting help. There is a basic set of steps to troubleshoot any network connection. Check your IP info, check your DNS servers, test if you can resolve hostnames, find out if you can ping the gateway and then other internet hosts like the DNS servers.

It smells a lot like the hotel has a proxy that's not configured correctly. Frustratingly, its something the hotel should tell you about but most staff won't know about

Are you sure there's no splash page? I've seen this quite often. You have connection through apps, but can't access the internet directly. Once you login through the splash page, it'll work fine.

Thank you for all the replies. I am sure there is no splash page because my girlfriend never got one either. The problem seems to be dns related. Whenever I connect to the wifi I can use Google for like a minute to search and then it stops again. Is there a way for me to fix this?

Try connecting to a http site. The router might be trying to reroute your traffic. http://neverssl.com/

Try this:

Make sure if it is a DNS resolution issue, Just use the IP of Google to check if we can connect. 74.125.24.94
We can see the IP configuration of the network in our mobile. In Android, (I don't know what is yours, only in mine),Open settings-> wireless network-> click the ! of the wireless you connect-> network information, we will see DNS, Gateway, IP address, mask, and so on. Check if they are all correct.
Then you can check if you have static settings in the static IP in the ! as well as network information.
We can also try to set up a static IP to see if it works.
Finally, we can also try to clear the network and re-connect again.

Hi, thank you for your suggestion. I tried the solutions that you gave me but non of them have worked. As stated above on my comment I seem to have a dns problem. I am using the Google dns since that is default on my phone. I have no way of changing this as far as I am aware. The weird thing is that when I go to a restaurant it all works fine. If you need any information please let me know. Thank you for your time!

I'm not sure your problem is related to DNS, some networks will not let you forward DNS to an outside network. You may have to point it to the gateway device on the network.
In Android:
Open the Settings on the device.
Select “Wi-Fi”.
Long press your current network, then select “Modify network”.
Mark “Show advanced options” check box.
Change “IP settings” to “Static”
Add the DNS servers IPs to the “DNS 1”, and “DNS 2” fields.

I had the same problem many times, after hours I finally tried the browser called "browser ".  After selecting the wifi that you want to hook to, open "browser", then try a random search. Click ok (except) past all the warnings. Hope this helps someone.

Use a different browser besides Chrome and that should help. That's what works for me. Something about Chrome on Android, I guess.


text:
Run Android app on PC but outside of Emulator screen
I know we can Android apps on PC using emulator like Andy or Bluestack.
What I really want to know if there's a way to run the app using the emulator but outside of Emulator screen.
For example - I use fooview app which floats on screen and I want to run that on PC. Using the emulators, I'm able to run it but only inside the emulator's screen not PC GUI.

The fooview app appear to be using a combination of Android Accessibility and SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW (system overlay) permission. Unfortunately such features are Android only an have no knowledge of what is going on outside of the emulator.
You should look for a Windows app which provides similar features for your version of Windows. Asking for such recommendation is off-topic for this site.


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Is there a way to grant myself MANAGE_USERS permission while inside the adb shell?
The thing is that I'm fed up of some stock adware apps on my Micromax phone and want to disable them for good. So, as per this answer, I used adb shell to disable the app, but I'm getting the following error:
shell@Q4260:/ $ pm hide com.micromax.trendingapps
Error: java.lang.SecurityException: Neither user 2000 nor current process has android.permission.MANAGE_USERS.
1|shell@Q4260:/ $

The error message indicates that I need android.permission.MANAGE_USERS to achieve that. So I even tried granting that permission to the shell app, but no use!
shell@Q4260:/ $ pm grant com.android.shell android.permission.MANAGE_USERS
Operation not allowed: java.lang.SecurityException: Package com.android.shell has not requested permission android.permission.MANAGE_USERS
1|shell@Q4260:/ $

Is there any other way to get myself that permission?
Finally, the smart-phone is Micromax Q4260 running Marshmallow if that matters. This could probably be solved by rooting, but I don't have any intention of rooting as it could be risky on this little known model.

I solved my problem with a little help from Google and XDA Forums. Though this doesn't answer the exact title question, I found an alternative way to disable OEM bloatware on Android M+ without requiring MANAGE_USERS permission or root:
pm uninstall -k --user 0 com.micromax.trendingapps

(you may use or not the -k option, which is to keep the data and cache directories)

Your hint allowed me to remove the apps "AudioFX" and "FM Radio" to clean up a bit further my phone (Redmi 5A - LineageOS 15.1). Thanks!


text:
Import 300 vCard files into LG v35 thinq
Is there an easy way to import 250+ vCard (vcf) files into my LGv35 thinq phone running Android 8.0.0, Kernel version 4.9.65 and Security patch level July 1, 2018?
Firstly, the contacts app on my phone has no option to import contacts. Most examples I found online show how to use this "import contacts" that appears when you press the three dots on the top right after launching the Contacts app. The app, however, lets me browse through google contacts. Again, I don't see any options to import these into my phone.
A related question: Is there a way to import multiple .vcf files into gmail at once?
The browser only lets me choose one file at a time.

The Phone app has a settings field and it too, doesn't have any options to import contacts.
I downloaded Coolmuster Android assistant and the option to import contacts requires me to buy the software.
I've successfully managed to download all the .vcf files into a folder on my phone. Is there a way to import all of them, at once, into my phone's memory?

You can simply merge all .vcf files into one file. On Linux just use cat *.vcf > all.vcf.
Common software should support this all-in-one vcf file (e.g. GMail import). Just import it and all your contacts should be added.

Thanks Robert - I ended up concatenating all files into one, copying it over to my phone (using whatsapp) and successfully imported all contacts. It is so weird that most people that explained how to solve this problem totally ignored this simple fix.


text:
Android P, Total Silence
I installed Android P once it got released for Google Pixel phone. But they changed how you mute your phone. Now there is the option to put your device on vibrate/mute on the bar that appears when you change the volume and then there is the "do not disturb" option.
In Android 8 you had as option to change the "do not disturb" option to "total silence". How do you recreate this?
When you have "do not disturb" on stuff like YouTube, it still plays sounds; same for the Whatsapp message sound. Muting on that bar thingy still lets calls through and both together seem to work out but i cant be sure. I don't want my phone to go off in meetings so I hope someone can give me some insights.
Eric

Looks like Google has removed this feature in Android P. There is a feature request open here -> https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/80089859
You can go and Star that ticket to show your support for it.

thanks for the answer, i already thought noone understands my problem

We all feel the pain. Android P DND is a disaster, 10 steps backwards! Google decided to simplify DND but I think they have over simplified and made a dumb useless DND. Just go ahead and "Star" that open ticket. Also spread the word about this feature request under relevant forums. Hopefully we can get our voice heard.

When you hit the volume buttons you should see a bell icon, press it and it goes to vibrate, press it again and it's silent, at least that's what it does on my phone

thats what i already descripted.... the problem is in silent mode calls still make noice


text:
How can I join a Hangouts call with Hangouts Meet?
(The links provided by the Hangouts program do not work in Hangouts Meet - it appears I cannot enter the final character in the link, in either case it says "No such meeting.".)
Alternatively the answer to a different question could solve my issue.

It's quite hard to see what the problem is. Could you [edit] your question and describe more fully what steps you take in what apps, what you expect to happen, and what actually happens?

OK, I will see if I can schedule a meeting with myself to get some screen shots.


text:
How to turn WiFi off/on when in/out a car?
My phone WiFi connects automatically to hotspots (of my cable provider) which is very convenient except when I'm driving (where connections are disrupted all the time). Is there an easy way to configure WiFi to be OFF while driving and then back ON when out of the car (e.g. depend on car Bluetooth connection)?
I tried the Automate app, and it seems to work fine, but it's tricky to configure and it triggers the battery usage system notification (Android 8) all the time.

Do you place your phone in a holder when you are driving? Do you use a Bluetooth connection to your car (e.g. hands-free profile)? Is there a Bluetooth device in your car which could be used for detecting that you are in/next to your car?

The Automate app (or another like it, such as Tasker) is probably what we would recommend. Maybe you'd have a better experience with another similar app, but I don't think they're much simpler to configure.

I'm not placing the phone in a holder. The car/phone are connected via Bluetooth. I did try the Automate app, but it has issues (won't follow the bluetooth connection change even when it's running, perhaps some permissions or something else which I could configure on my old S6 phone, but not on a new S9).


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Mobile data is set to auto turn on with command but isn't working
I'm using 2 apps, "MacroDroid" and AutoInput", I set a command(Macro) that would turn on mobile data and location. But when I sent the text, it shows that mobile data and location are "on" but only location works.
And when I try to manually turn on data it won't work unless I restart my phone.
Why is this happening?
Edit : From comments. OP used adb commands to give elevated privileges to an unrooted device for MacroDroid

Using adb commands to gain elevated privileges is a hack and is not guaranteed to give you behavior as on a rooted device
With macrodroid this holds true for turning data off /on. See my comment in the app forums and developer 's reply

The common behaviour I see is that it does actually enable/disable data but then you cannot modify it later using the system controls until you reboot. However anything that is done via a hack like this may be subject to failure on different devices as it's always possible to have different implementations from other manufacturers that prevent the hack working.

You may need to log in to see the link the forum. You can access the forum from within the app too

@ beeshyams  This is helpful, however I can't find the "else" clause. Do you know where that would be?

I suppose you are asking for "else" clause in actions. Else is always associated with if. Create an "if" condition and tap on that to reveal a menu by which you can create else

Provided that you have already set permission to modify SECURE_SETTINGS, then this trick may work for you. I read from the forum that they are using Wifi toggle to enable Mobile data for unrooted device.
BUT it's not useful in all cases since, other than turning on the Wifi Macrodroid also needed to connect to a Wifi connection before turning off Wifi to make the Mobile data trick turn on.
So what I discover instead, which is not present yet in the forum, and have not posted yet. Instead of using Wifi, you can:

Mobile data on
Turn on Hotspot
Turn off Hotspot

After that Mobile data should turn on. It's working on my device using Android 8.0.
PS. I can't find any trick to turn off the mobile data. Let me know if you find some. Thanks.

My problem is, that mobile data is not switched off.
To be exact, mobile data indicator is off, but real data transfer is still on.
My solution for this is, to set in Macrodroid sequence:

Turn off mobile data
Turn on airplane mode
Sleep 5 sec.
Turn off airplane mode

It's working with my device with Android 9.


text:
How to store 'adb devices -l' output to a text file?
Is there any way to store the output of adb devices -l command to a text file?
Note: output of adb devices -l command is
List of devices attached
1101530abd5a234b       device product:j1pop3hjv model:SM_J110H device:j1pop3h

You can use > after any command followed by file name or file path where you want to save the file. It  would look like this:
adb devices -l > FILE_NAME


text:
I connected my Google Pixel to my PC using a USB A to USB C cable claiming to support data transfer, but it doesn't show up in Device Manager
I'm running Windows 10 and Android 9. I can't see the phone in Windows, so I can't transfer files or install apps I'm developing; I'm quite disappointed!

Is your device set to "Charge only" when plugged in? I'm not sure about Android 9.0 but in older versions you would get a notification saying "USB Charge only", which you could then tap to change the USB mode.

I'm not getting any notifications at all; all that happens is my phone charges (slowly). I found the USB settings but they're all grayed out. I think my phone's charging port is damaged; the cord is always falling out. Maybe I need to get it repaired?

Try a new cord. If you still have the issues you are describing you may need to have your USB-C port repaired.


text:
Enable USB debugging in an Android broken screen
I have a broken display which belongs to my friend. The mobile can power on but the display is still blank. I need to enable USB debugging to recover the data. While doing so there are these following .
Problems:

USB debugging is not enabled
Bootloader is locked
Mobile has a password (pin or character password)
Devevoper options may not be turned on (cant tell now)
Devices is not detected via ADB or Fastboot
Cant go into the recovery or Fastboot mode
Device is not rooted
Custom Recovery not installed
No SD Card slot

Terminal Output:
➜  ~ git:(master) ✗ adb devices
List of devices attached

➜  ~ git:(master) ✗ fastboot devices
➜  ~ git:(master) ✗

What I have tried?

Tried Odin and SP Flash tool (Mobile not detected)
Tried to enter the recovery and fastboot (No use)
Tried ADB in a variety of OS (Win 10, Manjaro, Backbox, Win 7)

So is there any way to enable USB debugging in that device? Or any way of recovering the data. Any small lead that can make this device accessible via a computer is really helpful.
Note: How this differs from other similar questions:
Those devices that have this similar problem atleast have USB debugging enabled in the first place. Some can still go to recovery where as I cant. Some have SD card support this phone lacks it.
Device Description:

Manufacturer   : Micromax
Model No.      : A350
Root Status    : Not rooted
Bricked Status : No
Boot Status    : Boots
Recovery       : Stock
USB debugging  : Not enabled
Bootloader     : Locked
Phone Lock     : Password or Pin
Display Status : Blank black screen
USB OTG : Supported
SD Card Support : No

What is the name and model of your cell phone?

Model: Micromax A350

@SifaturRahman I have updated the question. Please check the device description for more details. Thank you

Don't go down that path. Find a custom recovery (both Philz Touch and TWRP exists for this device) and flash it using SP Flash Tool. You don't need an unlocked bootloader or USB debugging enabled for that. You need that software and a scatter based ROM for your device. Load the scatter file and flash only the recovery partition with custom recovery. You can Google how to use that software. USB debugging is by-default enabled in a custom recovery.

So @Firelord you are saying SP Flash tool does not require USB debugging to be enabled ?

Yes, I mean it. I have used it on that same device back some two-three years ago. USB debugging has no use unless you want to use an adb client. SP Flash Tool is not an adb client.

Im currently downloading the stock rom. Hoping that I will find the scatter file inside the zip. Will I ?

Please tag me with @firelord, else I can't know you addressed a comment to me. And yes, you would find that scatter file, that's why I linked that page to your ROM. I must warn you to carefully read and watch tutorials before trying that software. It may severely brick the device if not being careful. But carefully followed, it would do exactly what you want with it.

@Firelord Thanks for the info. I will try it and let you know if it worked.

@VimalJoe Download & install the PC suite of Micromax and the usb driver of your cellphone. Then connect your chell phone to the computer and see If you can access your phone memory from the PC suite. Some PC suite may require USB debugging enabled to work though.

@Firelord I tried all versions of SP Flash Tool. Everything failed to connect. Each returns one of 3 errors. I may be able to flash but the data will be wiped for sure. So is there any other way?

@SifaturRahman PC suites are during the Nokia era.  Micromax does not have PC Suite of its own. However Moborobo can be used. In my case since ADB is disabled moborobo cant help.

I would suggest:
Connect keyboard via usb otg and enter password (buy usb otg if you don't have it).
Disconnect keyboard and connect PC, take a screenshot on your phone and load it in the PC. Swap between mouse and PC (mouse to move around some, PC to step by step check how to get there by the screenshots)

Not a native english speaker so if anything is confusing just ask

The display doesn't work, so I am not sure how any of this is possible.

Connect your phone with USB to your laptop.
Then open the folder DCIM –> Screenshots of your phone with the laptop.
With your phone, open “Settings” and take a screenshot with your phone physical keys (e.g. Samsung on Android 10: press VOLUME DOWN + POWER BUTTON very shortly to take a screenshot) every time you scroll the screen to find “About phone” and “Developer Options” –> USB-debugging.
If your screen is unresponsive, plug an USB keyboard to your phone with an OTG adapter. Then, use the keyboard to open Settings (Android: press the Windows key on the USB-keyboard to activate Google speech recognition and say "settings") and scroll with the arrow keys to About Phone or Developer Options, while taking screenshots every time you scroll with the arrow keys.
Look at the screenshots on your computer to find the right place to swipe and touch with your finger (or if you are using OTG+USB keyboard: find the right amount of arrow key & Enter key presses to find USB debugging in Developer Options). Refresh the folder every time you take a new screenshot, a new screenshot should appear in the folder in around 5 seconds.
After USB debugging is turned on, connect your phone with USB to your computer and use scrcpy (https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy) to view your phone screen on your laptop computer.

OP mentioned that the display is blank and is also broken. If you connect the device with a PC you have to interact with the screen to enable MTP mode. Also, if the screen is broken than the steps using those screenshots cannot be followed either.

@Firelord very good point, I missed that. I edited my post a little and included some possible solutions if the screen is unresponsive and swiping/tapping the screen does nothing.

If you're lucky / sensible-in-a-past-life, then you're default USB mode may not just be charge, but infact file access or MTP mode. Luckily mine was, so thanks for this mad method.


text:
How to add a new button to the button bar in Total Commander for Android?
I got Total Commander on my Android phone.
I need to check the directory size for a folder and the solution is:
Add a new button to the button bar, and then..
I understand that but my question is how to add a new button to the button bar?

Tap on icon (arrow). You get a +, add details as per link - you can see the button with KB, on the first line

Screenshot refers to the bottom portion on opening app. Pasted only relevant portion


text:
How to add a new button to the button bar in Total Commander for Android?
I got Total Commander on my Android phone.
I need to check the directory size for a folder and the solution is:
Add a new button to the button bar, and then..
I understand that but my question is how to add a new button to the button bar?

This question is not about computer hardware or software, within the scope defined in the help center.

I don't understand. The help center says I can ask questions about software on this site. This question is not about programming. There is an entire tag on this site for questions like this one - https://superuser.com/questions/tagged/total-commander - But anyways, where do you think I can ask this question then?

Question about Android devices and software that runs on the Android OS are out of scope.  The tag you used should only be used if your asking about the Windows client

Ahh right! Sorry! I will ask it on the Android site. My bad, apologizes. I will mark it for deletion. Thanks


text:
My android phone cannot recognize my camera
How come my android phone cannot open my camera?

I do have the system app on my phone, but I find it in the Apps portion and no matter what kind of camera app or camera repair app, it will not work. One app asked if the camera was in use.

I cannot press the lock button with the volume down because my volume down button is stuck and broken. I tried downloaded the camera repair apps like Camera (CMMFix) for Cyanogenmod and it doesn't work. My phone was just fresh from factory reset.
Also I get random crashes like camera and imageview has stopped working randomly.

Did you install a custom rom?

I have no idea it's been passed on to many people I just revived it recently. It's been factory reset though I think that should wipe it out?

Check in settings > About phone

@TheOnlyAnil I just see a custom build version with numbers

Please do this step. Clear cache and data from settings, by clicking Camera starter as shown in second image


text:
Micromax-P701 bricked, MT6735
Micromax-P701-MT6735, Deleted All Partiton, also bricked recovery and fastboot, All MTK Drivers are installed but its continues connecting and disconnecting(the device manager is flashing but not showing mobile) so i cant flash phone. even mobile does not power off, keeps rebooting please help!

Did you try to flash a firmware that wasn't supposed to be flashed on that device? The scenario you describe typically happens when you do that.

Another thing is that messing with partitions is the last thing you do on cheap Chinese gizmos (which is essentially what Micromax devices are).

I didn't flash any custom rom but, i accidentally deleted all root files(etc, system all) now, when i try to flash with sp tool it does not give any respond. and device keeps rebooting even i can't power off it. in device manager not showing any device but device manager is flashing every connects and disconnects. i have installed all mtk drivers.

Actually Emmc of your phone gone to read only state and you r trying to flash phone and also prealoder got damage and cant turn on your phone prealoader is responsible to turn on phone and it get got damage also emmc is read only state so you can flash prealoder from working phone but it will not affect it so just replace emmc and reinstall firmware in it


text:
How do I view root ( / ) with Termux if termux-setup-storage doesn't help?
After reviewing this, I used termux-setup-storage on my phone and Andy Android emulator.
After running the above command, I am able to view root directory with ls
on Andy emulator but not on phone.
INFO:
Android version 7.1.1
Xperia XZ
SoftBank locked the phone BIOS (or whatever it was) so I can't root it.
Storage permissions are granted.
What else can I try to use ls on root directory on my phone?

In Linux subject, "root" refers to the root of the file hierarchy /, not "root of Android storage" which is usually /storage/emulated/0. Which one do you mean?

root as in /  .  I didn't mention android storage. The script does a number of things like setup android storage but it also gives permission to view root on Andy and I mean the actual root,  so I'm wondering what went wrong on phone

You may want to provide more information like Android version.

@chrips Note that termux-setup-storage has no effect on /. Moreover, I'm able to ls / as non-root user, so your situation might very well depend on your phone's configuration of /'s permissions, even moreso when Andy lets you see the directory's contents.

I'll dig around for an answer and close this if I can't find a solution. It's a pretty general question now

Andy is rooted by default, but real Android devices are not. Termux also does not have root user access by default AFAIK, and if your phone isn't rooted won't be able to access much of the filesystem outside of Termux and the SD card anyways, but the answers to this question may help in your situation if your physical device is/can be rooted.

Thanks to all for this bounty of information. I can now answer my own question!

If you can't root your phone, you can't see root /
The termux-storage-storage allows you to access SD card storage and NOT root /
Note:
Andy emulator IS rooted by default
- Thanks l3l_aze, iBug, Death Mask Salesman, Irfan Latif

termux-setup-storage only grants android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE that lets the app access internal SD card i.e. /sdcard.
Android's init creates rootfs / with permissions 0:0 (uid:gid) and 0755 (mode). So the root directory should be accessible to any non-root user.
However SELinux plays its role restricting unauthorized access to rootfs. You can view such policy denials by:
dmesg | grep 'avc: denied'

* Most probably SELinux will deny this command too if run from non-root app
To view all SEPolicy rules, sesearch tool from setools-android can be used.
To set SELinux permissive:
echo 0 >/sys/fs/selinux/enforce
# or
setenforce 0

Or add an exception to SELinux policy:
supolicy --live 'allow untrusted_app rootfs dir { read open }'

* supolicy tool is provided by rooting solutions e.g. Magisk, SuperSu
This policy allows reading rootfs but still you may get errors because reading attributes of files/directories under rootfs isn't permitted by policy.
Also both solutions need root privileges and are nonpersistent i.e. need to be set after reboot.
So if you are running a non-rooted production build of Android (with enforcing SELinux), you won't be able to read rootfs /.

Thanks a lot for this.   Also: "dmesg | grep 'avc: denied'"   gives   dmesg: read kernel buffer failed: Permission denied      If I cant even use dmesg I think up the creek without a paddle!

@chrips yeah, your SELinux policy doesn't let the dmesg read kernel log, so you get another avc denial while trying to read already occured avc denials


text:
My phone is stuck in a loop
My phone is a Samsung Galaxy Young GT S6312.
It does not boot up at all. I have made a video of the loop as shown here - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t38NYXvawmxSiIK9gqRTLINoIvG158Vi6w/view?usp=drivesdk
What is the problem?
I flashed the stock rom many times but it doesn't fix. Any help is appreciated.

My Android 4.4.2 tablet puts the image at 0:48 on-screen during a factory reset, if it helps. Did you try to factory reset your phone? It may have improperly reset and been put into a bootloop.

My phone switched off suddenly and I tried to boot into recovery but just at the moment it started the loop. I didn't try to factory reset. Thanks for a reply Zachary.

Can you access the bootloader? If so, you (should) be able to fix the bootloop by reflashing the stock ROM.

I flashed the stock rom many times but it doesn't fix.


text:
fastboot: usage: no command
Basic information: Windows - Android SDK - fastboot.exe
As the title says.. fastboot won't work in my cmd and fails with the output: fastboot: usage: no command. The android-sdk is located in the root directory (C:\). I also add the pathvariables in the system environment. I don’t try it with an android device, I only test if the command responds, but yeah it did not...! So I actually do everything like it's described in the tutorials, but can't find my mistake.
Did anyone have this problem or does know a solution?

Cross posting is discouraged (you have done it on two other sites)

@beeshyams Yeah I will delete one! I find this part of stock exchange one hour ago! But you don’t have a solution for my problem? ^^

What command did you actually issue? It's important that we can recreate your problem before we can diagnose it.

I only use the command “fastboot” so actually the possibilities of this application should be shown, if everything is configured in the right way! By the way “adb” works!

Are there any special drivers required to run this command in the basic way without a device?

@IrfanLatif ok lol, thank you, that work!  but why does only “fastboot” not work in the same way!?

@IrfanLatif Actually I use the latest version as well! That’s why I’m a bit confused! But whatever - it works

Use fastboot --help instead. This is a kinda standard way to get usage help in Linux world. However sometimes writing only the command name also works as you expect.
Reference:
if (argc == 0) {
    usage();
    return 0;
}


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Touch screen only works when charging
My Xiaomi Redmi 3s's old screen was broken so I imported a new LCD+Touch-screen with frame from china. After fixing the new LCD, the touch screen(LCD is working perfectly) is not working but the surprising thing is the touch screen of the new LCD is working only when the phone is connected to a charger! When I unplug the charger the touch screen stops working.
any Idea why its happening? hope someone could help me.

You've most likely got a capacitive touchscreen. It could be that the cable is not properly seated, damaged, or defective, or another part could've been damaged when your old screen was broken. Try re-seating the cable and make sure it's well connected. A voltage tester may be able to tell if the screen itself is defective, but I've never used that stuff so I'm not 100% sure it would be safe and if you want to go that route please wait for someone more knowledgeable to say if it would be okay.

Thanks for the reply. I have tried reconnecting the flex cable 3 or 4 times to make sure the cable is attached perfectly to the motherboard. Still the touch screen only works when the mobile is on charger!

No problem; I'm sorry it wasn't more helpful. There was (is?) apparently an issue with the Galaxy S6 like this which could be fixed by clearing the system cache. This should be perfectly safe to do, and may also make your device run better in the process...provided it fixes the touchscreen issue, lol. If that fails try editing to include your device, OS version, and some other info (but not MSN/ESN/MEID which are personal AFAIK; only hardware & software versions).

I will try clearing the cache. also will update the query with device details. thank you

I have done factory reset when connected to the charger(touch screen works when charger is connected), do I need to do a seperate cache cleaning? The touch screen still not working without the charger!

Sorry, I should've specified better -- they seem to mean to use "wipe cache partition" in recovery mode. There are different ways to get into recovery mode, but volume up and/or down + power is often it. Once in recovery mode unless you've got a touch-based recovery, usually with a custom recovery like TWRP, volume keys should become up/down & power select/enter. So, highlight an option with the volume keys and then press power to select it. You also often need to give confirmation or deny an action by selecting yes or no.

Tried wiping the cache partition but nothing helped! Touch screen only works when phone connected to a power source. :(

@l3l_aze Changed the touchscreen and now everything working fine. But its still unknown why the old touchscreen worked only when phone is connected to a charger! thanks for you help.


text:
Is it possible to factory reset without losing my google play movies?
I have a few movies downloaded from the google play movies app, and I don't want to re-download all of them. My wi-fi is slow. It would take DAYS to re-download.

If you reset you phone, you lose all google data unless you had a back and restore activated. However if you had offline videos from google play movies then you won't lose this videos since they are saved to your google account and not directly to your device...


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How to change the font of Whatsapp
I was looking for a way to add custom emoticons to Whatsapp, and since this method simply replaces existing emoticons with new ones I thought about replacing characters from a language I won't use (for example Tangut, the language this iOS app used) with the desired emoticons
I wanted to know how to replace some (or all) of the characters of said language in Whatsapp using a changed font that could be installed on other phones as well

Just go to settings in your phone and change the font style.
It will change the font style in whatsapp but not the message font. You can also try installing other keyboards from Google play store with different font styles, emoticon and other languages.

Thanks for the answer! But I mainly wanted to know how to create said keyboard. I know it musn't be very hard, but I haven't found any tutorial or resource to do so. Is it just like a regular Windows font, or do I have to use a special program to create it?

Well it seems like the answer is yes, .ttf files are used by Android (or so it seems) so I'll simply mark your aswer as valid, because it did make me realize changing the font of the phone changes the font used by Whatsapp, as obvious as that may sound I figured it used another one


text:
How to fix USB Mass Storage not recognized by PC?
I have tried many things but can't make my Samsung Galaxy mini 2 S6500 USB Mass Storage to be simply recognized by my PC. Why is such a simple thing so hard?
Does anyone know the solution to this problem?
Thank you.

Do you have Samsung USB drivers installed? Also some models don't support mass storage but MTP instead.

Duplicate of How to mount Internal Storage as USB Mass Storage for recovering data?


text:
Sort or search text messages by date
How do I search and or sort individual text messages by date/time?
I am using an AT&T Samsung Galaxy S5.

export your message conversation (like a backup) with that particular person as a CSV file excel spreadsheet after that u can just sort by date in excel,
if you are using Huawei phone u have something called Hisuit (it is a device manager a default software to manage the phone) for this. I think Samsung phones have something similar if they don't. u can try using other device managers or Hisuit to try an export all your conversation messages.
hope you find what you are looking for all the best,
IT_kid


text:
How to move apps from internal to external storage?
I'm trying to move with Lucky Patcher (also with app2sd and Samsung stock app) some apps from internal to external storage, but everytime with every apps movable I got this message:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: New installs into ASEC containers no longer supported

I have a Samsung Galaxy S7 with Android 8.0 and root.
Do you now why this happens? Maybe, Android 8.0 doesn't allow anymore this?

Native app2sd method - which placed encrypted .asec files in .android_secure folder on external SD card - was available only up to Android 5. For details see Why root cannot access “.android_secure” directory on external SD card?
Starting with Marshmallow, the native method of moving apps to external SD card works only if SD card is formatted as Adoptable Storage (1, 2):

ASEC containers have been deprecated since MNC, which is when we
  introduced the "adoptable storage" feature.  Adoptable storage is a
  much better user experience, since we move both the APK and private
  app data together as a single unit.

* MNC is Macadamia Nut Cookie; code name for Android Marshmallow (6.x).
And:

new installs into ASEC containers are no longer supported; use adoptable storage instead.

Adoptable Storage is a Full Disk Encrypted SD card, completely managed by vold, not visible to user as external SD card. See here how it differs from traditional Portable Storage. You can format SD card as partially Adoptable and partially Portable too.
Like the pre-Marshmallow app2sd phenomenon (3), apps only with installLocation set to preferExternal or auto in app's manifest are moveable:

Apps can be placed on adopted storage media only when the developer has indicated support through the android:installLocation attribute.

For apps with install location auto, default install location (set using pm set-install-location) decides where app will be installed. See this answer for details.
If you want to move all apps, use a third party solution like Apps2SD or Link2SD.
PS:
An even better approach is to move /data/media instead of apps. Create an extra partition on external SD card and on post-fs-data mount it to /data/media using an init.d script or Android's init service. Other bigger directories /data/app or /data/data can also be moved in the same way.
If you want to keep files encrypted on external SD card, this can be achieved through native methods dm-crypt (Android's FDE) for block device encryption, ecryptfs for stacked filesystem encryption, or third party solution like EncFS for stacked encryption. New native method of filesystem encryption fscrypt (Android's FBE) may also work, but I haven't tried. See details in this answer.

RELATED:

How to free Internal Storage by moving data or using symlink / bind-mount with Adoptable Storage?

Can you explain the ps part. I don’t have adoptable storage on Rooted android 5. Sdcard has a f2fs partition which is same as /data. Can I make symlink a folder to sdcard partition to /data ? It will be removed after reboot…so can I make it persistent from init script ?


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Google Nexus 7 (2013 Wi-Fi) Boot freeze, no recovery options working
I bought a Google Nexus 7 2013 edition, Wi-Fi only, from a yard sale. I have no clue what the previous owner did or tried but I cannot get it to boot. I'm not by any means an Android expert so if it seems I'm missing something basic, it's quite possible.
Basic Symptoms and Problems:
-Power on -> stuck at "Google" logo screen
-Recovery mode -> the Android guy on his back with the red "!"
-Cannot wipe data/factory reset or clear cache partition as both result in a  bunch of mount failures (e.g. "Failed to mount /cache (Invalid argument)
-Cannot unlock (freezes on "erasing user data" for indefinite time)
-Cannot use adb to send OTA as it sends the package but can't mount partitions and results in "Installation aborted"
What I CAN do:
-use adb and can see the device
-use fastboot and see the device
I have PC drivers installed. Running Windows 10 on my PC. I don't care about the data or anything. I just wanted to wipe and factory restore this device. It physically looks to be in great condition if relevant.
I'm not sure what my next step should be or if I'm working towards the right direction. Pretty much every solution I've check either gives me errors or every thread is abandoned without solution.

Throw it in the trash. Its a 5 year old device that were junk after 2 to start with.

Well with that mentality, there's a lot of crap that would get thrown away. But that wasn't my question.


text:
Record setting changes as script?
I am looking for a way to record the setting changes I do manually, in order to be able to repeat them later by running the same script.
I tried the MacroDroid app, but it doesn't look it has a "record macro" feature.
Any suggestion welcome.

Is your device rooted?

No my device is not rooted

On a non-rooted device changing the settings automatically is not that simple.
However if you have multiple identical devices you might be successful by preparing one device with all the settings you want and then create a backup of just the settings. For doing so you need however first activate the development mode and the Android Debug Bridge (adb) on every device.
adb backup -f settings.ab -noapk com.android.providers.settings

Check that the created file settings.ab has at least 10 KB of size.
Then you can restore the settings to any other device (with activate adb) via
adb restore settings.ab

An alternative way that however also requires adb would be to use the different settings via adb shell settings put .... But I am not sure if all settings can be accessed this way and you have to find out all the different option names you want to set.


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How to mount NFS on Android with correct permissions?
I am trying to mount an NFS share on my Android phone.
I have already compiled and installed all the needed kernel modules. The NFS share mounts flawlessly but I can only mount as the system user.
This wouldn't be an issue if I could set the correct ownership for the mounted file system.
The problem is that the share is always mounted as user=system and group=system, making it inaccessible to regular apps.
I would like to be able to specify the ownership of the mounted filesystem at mount time.
This is how I mount the NFS share
su -c "busybox mount -o nosuid,nolock,nodev,rw,nofail,noatime,intr,tcp,actimeo=1800,context=u:object_r:rootfs:s0,user -t nfs $REMOTE_URI $LOCAL_DIRECTORY"

where REMOTE_URI is the remote location and LOCAL_DIRECTORY is the local directory. The above command is inside a script.
This is the relevant line of the /etc/exports file on the NFS server (a raspberry pi 3)
/media/neo/BLACKBOX XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX/0(rw,insecure,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)

System Specs:

LG V20 H990DS
System - V10i-TWN (6th-Nov-17) 7.0 Stock, Rooted & Xposed
Kernel - D.O.T.S. v1.4
NFS version 4

PS: The UID and GID on the server are 1000 and 1000 respectively. In Android those are reserved for the system user and group. All my other computers have UID and GID 1000 and the same username neo. It would be much easier to just modify how Android mount the share. I would like to map uid=neo(1000)->root(0) and guid=neo(1000)->sdcard_r(1028) where neo:neo is the user on the server and root:sdcard_r is the user on the phone.

Let us continue this discussion in chat.

It seems that every distribution of Busybox that is on Google Play is not compatible with NFSv4 but only NFSv3. So I gave up the idea of using idmapd on Android.

Instead, I changed the UID and GID on the NFS server to 4444 so that they don't correspond to the system user anymore.
Then I created a new user on Busybox with the same name, UID, and GID as the server (In my Busybox distribution the adduser and addgroup utilities are included).
I have purchased Tasker and downloaded this set of tasks from the XDA forum.
I have chosen the /mnt/nfs directory to mount the share.

I have no time to investigate which of the previous points is necessary and which is only irrelevant or optional. If you have any idea please write it in a comment.

I would like to map uid=neo(1000)->root(0) and guid=neo(1000)->sdcard_r(1028) where neo:neo is the user on the server and root:sdcard_r is the user on the phone.

Files ownership root:sdcard_r (0:1028) on Android won't work for apps. It should be root:everybody (0:9997) with mode 0770 for directories and 0660 for files.
HOW TO MAKE NFS WORK WITH ANDROID APPS?
Traditional *NIX DAC (UIDs/GIDs) was designed to isolate human users, not programs. On Android devices - meant for one human user usually - apps need to be isolated and protected so that they can't access each other's data. So Android treats every app like a human user - with a unique UID/GID.
External storage (/sdcard) - whether physically external or internal - is meant to be shared by all apps i.e. multiple UIDs. If it's a traditional *NIX filesystem (like ext4), every app would create files with its own UID/GID which makes it nearly impossible to share files among all apps with read/write access. To come up with a solution, Android opted emulated filesystem - based on FUSE or sdcardfs - with fixed ownership and mode. See details in What is the “u#_everybody” UID?
These UIDs/GIDs and modes also control apps' access to files in /sdcard. So if we want to mount NFS to be accessible by all apps, we need to mitigate these permissions according to Android's storage design.
PLAIN UNIX SECURITY ON NFS:
sec=sys mode enforces UNIX permissions without any translation. As explained in previous section, files would be created with random ownership by different apps. So those have to be readable/writable by world (o+rw), otherwise apps won't be able to read/write. But there is no way to enforce file creation mode globally, neither it's a good idea to share files with too open permissions. A possible solution is to use ID mapping and/or anonymous mode.
NFSv4 ID MAPPING:
With NFSv4 it's possible to map different UIDs/GIDs between client and server. If a user with same name but different UIDs/GIDs exists on both sides, files on client look owned by the same user name, not same UID. Linux key-management facility * is used to store mappings of remote user IDs to local user IDs. A good explanation can be found here.
So the idea is to create user:group neo:neo on NFS server (1000:1000) and on Android (0:9997). For this, rpc.idmapd needs to be running on both server and client which queries user database (/etc/{passwd,group} in simplest case) through NSS.  On more recent kernels the NFSv4 client instead uses nfsidmap, and only falls back to rpc.idmapd if there was a problem running the nfsidmap. Kernel calls /sbin/request-key binary in userspace which executes nfsidmap to query users database. So the kernel would map server's neo (1000:1000) to client's neo (0:9997).
In simple case, if UID/GID range 10000 to 19999 is not assigned to any user/group on NFS server and Nobody-User = root/Nobody-Group = everybody is defined in /etc/idmapd.conf on client, all files (created by Android apps) owned by non-existent users on server would be returned as owned by 0:9997 on client. But it doesn't resolve the problem of random ownership of files on server.
Running rpc.idmapd or providing nfsidmap on Android is a complicated task (static linking and all that). However - making use of keyutils (request-key and keyctl) - we can trick kernel to show fixed ownership 0:9997 for all mappings regardless of what the actual ownership is:
On NFS server:

Run services:
~# mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
~# rpc.mountd -g -N2 -N3 -N4 -N4.1 -N4.2 -p 4000
~# rpc.nfsd -N2 -N3 -N4 -N4.1 -N4.2 -U --p 2049 4
~# mkdir -p /run/rpc_pipefs
~# mount -t rpc_pipefs sunrpc /run/rpc_pipefs
~# rpc.idmapd -S -p /run/rpc_pipefs
~# echo -n N >/sys/module/nfsd/parameters/nfs4_disable_idmapping
~# exportfs -o rw,insecure,hide,no_subtree_check,sec=sys <CLIENT_IP>:/SHARED_DIR

Or configure and run required init services. Also unblock ports though firewall on client and server.

On Android:

Create /sbin/nfsidmap_pseudo and /etc/request-key.conf:
#!/system/bin/sh

uid=0
gid=9997

case $2 in
    uid:*)
        printf '%s\0' "$uid" | /sbin/keyctl pinstantiate $1 0 ;;
    gid:*)
        printf '%s\0' "$gid" | /sbin/keyctl pinstantiate $1 0 ;;
    *)
        # won't do anything to "user" or "group" types
        exit 1 ;;
esac

# /etc/request-key.conf
create  id_resolver  *  *  /sbin/nfsidmap_pseudo  %k  %d

Place files, set permissions and enable ID mapping::
~# chmod 0755 /sbin/request-key /sbin/nfsidmap_pseudo /sbin/keyctl
~# chmod 0644 /etc/request-key.conf
~# chown 0.0 /sbin/request-key /sbin/nfsidmap_pseudo /sbin/keyctl /etc/request-key.conf
~# chcon u:object_r:rootfs:s0 /sbin/request-key /sbin/nfsidmap_pseudo /sbin/keyctl
~# chcon u:object_r:system_file:s0 /etc/request-key.conf
~# echo -n N >/sys/module/nfs/parameters/nfs4_disable_idmapping

Since NFS isn't supported officially on Android, SELinux policy doesn't have required rules. You may need to set SELinux permissive or allow kernel to read/write keys, execute files in userspace and make connections:
~# supolicy --live 'allow kernel kernel key { search write view read }'
~# supolicy --live 'allow kernel kernel capability { net_raw net_bind_service sys_admin }'
~# supolicy --live 'allow kernel { rootfs shell_exec system_file } file { execute_no_trans execute open getattr }'

Mount:
~# mkdir -p /sdcard/NFS
~# busybox mount -v -t nfs4 -o vers=4.2,sec=sys,rw,tcp,port=2049,context=u:object_r:sdcardfs:s0 <SERVER_IP>:/SHARED_DIR /mnt/runtime/write/emulated/0/NFS

Unfortunately what we get from all this setup is that now apps apparently see files in /sdcard/NFS owned by 0:9997. But with sec=sys security, actual file access is not governed by NFSv4 UID Mapping **. Permissions are enforced by RPC mechanism which is not yet ready to work with ID mapping. So UID Mapping without Kerberos security works only if user/group name and number spaces are consistent between the client and server. It means that neo user on server should have UID/GID: 0/9997 (which nullifies the whole purpose of ID mapping). On the other hand Kerberos security (sec=krb5) is too hectic to be tried on Android.
Similarly file locking on NFSv2/3 requires portmapper (rpcbind) and rpc.statd running on server and client both, which is not the case with Android client. So, we need to use nolock mount option. On NFSv4, however, locking is built-in NFS protocol, NLM isn't needed. So better is to not go for UID Mapping (on NFSv4, and File Locking on NFSv2/3). If you need all NFS features (including Kerberos) working on Android device, rather try a tiny Linux distro in chroot.

* On kernel older than v4.6, /proc/keys is exposed if kernel is built with KEYS_DEBUG_PROC_KEYS.
** References: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

NFS ANONYMOUS ACCESS:
One of NFS security flavors is anonymous mode. Every request from any UID/GID on client is treated as the anonymous UID/GID on server. Initially all files in shared directory must be owned by this UID/GID and all subsequently created files from client side would also have the same ownership:
Export share with sec=none on server:
~# exportfs -o rw,insecure,no_subtree_check,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000,sec=none,root_squash,all_squash <CLIENT_IP>:/SHARED_DIR
~# chown -R 1000.1000 /SHARED_DIR; chmod 0700 /SHARED_SIR

* For NFSv2/3 also run rpcbind (on default port 111)
Mount with sec=none On Android:
~# busybox mount -v -t nfs4 -o vers=4.2,sec=none,rw,tcp,port=2049,context=u:object_r:sdcardfs:s0 <SERVER_IP>:/SHARED_DIR /mnt/runtime/write/emulated/0/NFS

* Use -t and vers= according to your kernel build configuration CONFIG_NFS_V[2|3|4|4_1|4_2].
* Use -t nfs -o nolock with vers=3 or vers=2.
* Make sure you are mounting from root mount namespace.
* Mounting with sec=none doesn't work with NFSv3.

All apps on Android can now read and write to NFS directory and all files are created with single anonymous UID/GID on server, easy to manage by a user. However apparent ownership (if ID mapping not setup) and permission mode is not according to Android's flavor, so...
TRY IT THE ANDROID WAY...
Let's make use of FUSE or sdcardfs as Android does:
~# mkdir -p /mnt/NFS /sdcard/NFS
~# busybox mount -v -t nfs4 -o vers=4.2,sec=none,rw,tcp,port=2049,context=u:object_r:sdcardfs:s0 <SERVER_IP>:/SHARED_DIR /mnt/NFS
~# mount -t sdcardfs -o nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,mask=7,gid=9997 /mnt/NFS /mnt/runtime/write/emulated/0/NFS

If your device doesn't support sdcardfs, use bindfs and replace SELinux context u:object_r:sdcardfs:s0 with u:object_r:fuse:s0:
~# bindfs -o nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,context=u:object_r:fuse:s0 -u 0 -g 9997 -p a-rwx,ug+rw,ugo+X --xattr-none --chown-ignore --chgrp-ignore --chmod-ignore /mnt/NFS /mnt/runtime/write/emulated/0/NFS

It leaves us with no remaining problems. For more details see How to bind mount a folder inside /sdcard with correct permissions?
GIVE CIFS A CHANCE...
NFS being Linux's native filesystem (like ext4) is meant to enforce *NIX permissions. Non-native filesystems like FAT and CIFS let fixed ownership and permissions be set across whole filesystem. So what you are looking for is relatively easy to achieve with CIFS:
~# mkdir -p /sdcard/CIFS
~# busybox mount -v -t cifs -o vers=3.0,nosuid,nodev,noexec,noatime,rw,hard,context=u:object_r:sdcardfs:s0,nounix,uid=0,gid=9997,file_mode=0660,dir_mode=0770,nouser_xattr,port=445,username=USERNAME,password=PASSWORD //<SERVER_IP>/SHARED_DIR /mnt/runtime/write/emulated/0/CIFS

* Kernel must be built with CONFIG_CIFS and preferably CONFIG_CIFS_SMB2, use vers= accordingly.
* For mount options detail see mount.cifs(8)

OTHER OPTIONS?
Other FUSE-based mountable filesystems are sshfs and rclone. Latter offers a large range of protocols and configurations while requiring a very simple setup.

Love the detailed explanation of the fundamentals that affect this. Thank you so much!

@polynomial I'm glad it helped.


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How to flash Android 9 on Huawei Mate 9?
Can I flash Android 9 built from source to Huawe Mate 9? Will it work? After build, there are these .img files:

cache.img
system.img
userdata.img
vbmeta.img
vendor-qemu.img
ramdisk.img
system-qemu.img
userdata-qemu.img
vendor.img

Do I have to flash them all, or just system.img and userdata.img?

You've likely built for a generic target or an emulator. Won't work.

Additional info: Mate 9 is Treble-compliant since its Oreo update, so you might want to look at XDA for some Treble images (esp. those meant for Kirin devices).

I am afraid it will not work. Android system must be build for specific device which include modifications of code to meet hardware requirements of device. Such act require great knowledge of both hardware and software including low-level programming. However, if you really want to destroy your phone, I'll tell you how. Just have to say that what you get if you try it is called "Bricked Phone"
First of all, you need Scatter file. You can create one by following steps of this article. But before doing so... ...You need to download and install USB drivers. Pick them from this siteTo flash files into phone is used SmartPhone Flash Tool. Go ahead and download it.
 Now open SP flash tool and load and click on "Scatter-loading" button and select your scatter file. Keep on mind that you need to have all images in same folder as scatter file. From drop-down select "Download only". On your phone enable developer settings and enable USB debugging. Click "Download" button and connect phone to computer via. usb cable. Use this method only with professionally made roms. These roms came with own scatter file so you can skip first step.I'M NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR DESTRUCTION YOU DO TO YOUR PHONE, TRY IT AT OWN RISK. IF YOU TRY IT WITH IMAGES YOU BUILD, YOU WILL DESTROY YOUR PHONE, EVEN IF YOU TRY, I'M NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR IT

SPFT is only for MediaTek devices.

@AndyYan Oh, I tough that most of android phones are mediatek devices. To Huawei Mate 9 isn't ?


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Can't create new folders on SD card?
I'm using Lenovo A7000 with Lollipop and I can't create new folders on SD Card. Attempt to create folder on SD card always end with error, however, android phone is not going to tell me what error it is. Attempt to use ADB from ubuntu terminal ended with lines below:
#Attempt 1
garrom@GarromMachine:~$ adb shell mkdir /storage/sdcard0/test_folder
mkdir failed for /storage/sdcard0/test_folder, Out of memory
#Attempt 2 with alternative folder path
garrom@GarromMachine:~$ adb shell mkdir mnt/sdcard/test_folder
mkdir failed for mnt/sdcard/test_folder, Out of memory

However, obtained error message is not somehow helpful because I have exactly 12362047488 bytes of free space. That is more than enough of space for empty folder. Even stranger, I can create or manipulate files just fine. I already tried formatting from phone itself, which is useless because phone format my SD card to fat16 which is obviously not good for 16Gb big SD card. I tried to format from Windows using Mini tool partition wizard and from Ubuntu using GParted, always same result,except formatting from phone but fat16 is too small and I had using Fat32 before without problems. I was using same SD card in same phone with same format before OTA update bricked my phone and I was forced to wipe out everything and flash in stock rom. Does someone know, how to be able to create folders once again ?After further research i noticed it sometimes let me create folder and sometimes not ... Thinking about it, it looks almost like writing from Ubuntu(XFce, Thunar) temporarily disable ability to create new folders. I have two partitions on my sd card. one is named DATA(fat32,11.5Gib) and is meant to be my personal storage, second one is named APPS(ext4.9Gib) and is meant to work with App2SD app. I had same setup before without any problems, except, I was windows user before, I was writing files to sd card via usb cable from Windows before I started using Ubuntu....... but I was writing files from ubuntu as well before OTA update bricked my phone and  I had to flash in stock rom. This whole problem is generally weird...

You are describing the problem with Ext, SD but the commands used are for internal memory. sdcard0refers to internal storage and external memory is referred to either by sdcard1or  volume serial number. See [this question and my comment] (https://android.stackexchange.com/q/189104/131553). You need to try to make the folder on the storage thus identified - now you are making on internal SD or phone storage

@beeshyams I forgot to mention it but in storage settings I set sd card as default write location. I recognized my sd card in app FX Browser (due to its size and files on it). Attempt 1 was with path given by FX Browser meanwhile
in Attempt 2 was used path found via. root browser feature of FX Browser. Setting SD card as default write location makes it internal SD card

Setting SD card as default write location makes it internal SD card- not sure of that. Try removing that condition and test. If it works then your question needs to be reframed in a big way

Is possible to destroy SD Card by repeatedly flashing stock ROM and repeatedly rooting ? Yeah, apparently yes. It looks like my SD card was destroyed. Next time, if you are going to flash or root something, remove your SD card first..... yeah, I'm stupid, it is obvious step to do. Problem solved by buying new SD Card.


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Enabling free form windows in android O causes buttons in recent apps menu to overlap
I have searched for a way to enable free form windows. I've used the adb way,
adb shell settings put global enable_freeform_support 1

But I couldn't use it because the close button is overlapping free form button:

My phone is Huawei P20 Lite (ANE-LX1) with EMUI 8.0.0 and android 8.0.0 with nova launcher.
Close button works like a charm when clicked
Any ideas what to do (rather than disabling the free form ) ?
It is okay to replace closing button with free form button if that's available.
Any solution without root is preferred.

I have the same problem on my Huawei P10. I once used floating apps, which drained the battery, but now I use Launcher3-Freeform Launcher. Also, Taskbar is another choice for launching apps in freeform mode, although both Taskbar and Launcher3 are launchers and you need to launch your apps from these launchers to use the freeform mode.
Here are the links:
Floating Apps Free:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lwi.android.flapps
Taskbar:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.farmerbb.taskbar
Launcher3-Freeform:
https://github.com/farmerbb/Launcher3-Freeform/blob/freeform-mode-example/README.md


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Is there an advantage to powering-off the device "properly"?
There's something I've always wondered about Androids, which may or may not be causing issues for me...
What is the advantage to "properly" shutting down the device, as opposed to just yanking the battery out?
I'm well aware of various issues that can be caused on a Windows PC if I just pull the power plug... unsaved system files, data loss, even hard drive damage... but none of this seems to be at risk with an Android.
If a battery runs too low the phone can suddenly lose power (in my case, using the camera flash under 15% can do this).
The device(s) always seem to operate just fine when power is restored.
I have a theory that the startup process is faster when shutdown properly, but I'm not sure.
What's Android doing for the 10-ish seconds that it takes to "properly" shut down the device... and does it matter?

1.Data lots can still happen if they're is a data write on going process 2. Resources allocated are abruptly disengaged and may cause problems

+1 Thinking more about it 3. External SD cards /OTG USB are not dismounted possibly leading to corrupting /malfunction 4. On going activities are not gracefully terminated 5.logs of system or apps are not created (as they would if these caused a force shut down or proper shut down)

I could understand the logs not being properly written, but that's not important to me.  As for the lack of dismount causing corruption/malfunctioning, it must be extremely rare since I've swapped out batteries on this device (without powering off) thousands of time. (Thank for the comment!)

In those seconds, Android sends a broadcast which helps apps to save their state, as otherwise, it is very disrupting for a user to start afresh the next time an app is loaded.  See this: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2013/10/in-depth-android-shutdown-sequence.html

Shutting down an Android device isn't that much different than shutting down a computer — it gives any apps that want it notice the device is being shut down (allowing them to save data, cleanly shutdown network connections, etc.), shuts down networking (e.g., chance to release a DHCP lease) gives the radios a chance to shut down (e.g., to sign off from the cell network & WiFi network), and cleanly unmounts all the filesystems.
Everyone knows, however, that phones aren't always cleanly shut down. Batteries die, users do things like rip out the batteries, etc. So the software is all designed to recover from this — though it's surely less-tested than the orderly shutdown. (Desktop and laptop computer software makes quite a few more assumptions about not having the plug pulled, hence the greater damage there.)
Almost certainly, it'll take longer for various things to realize your phone has gone offline. For example, a chat app may still show you as online for a while after you pull the battery, but on a clean shutdown you'd show as offline immediately. (Or, similarly, it may take a wile for another device to take over). Not sure how much the cell network cares, but maybe it'd take a little bit longer for a call soon after battery pull to forward or go to voicemail.
Recently-changed data might be lost or rendered inconsistent. What that means depends on the apps involved. E.g., for an email app, if you pull the battery immediately after sending an email, maybe it won't actually be sent. Or maybe it will be but will be missing from your Sent folder. Or maybe it'll be sent but the "it was sent" data didn't get saved, so it'll be sent a second time after booting.
There's probably a tiny bit of additional wear on power components & very tiny bit on battery connectors, but I doubt that matters unless you're doing this tens or hundreds of times per day.
But yeah, if your phone had been basically idle for a bit, and then you pull the battery, probably no real bad effects.
After an unclean shutdown, various filesystem & database journals will need replaying, so boot is probably a bit slower. Only a stopwatch & some experimentation could say how much.
PS: When the battery is low, the phone is supposed to do a clean shutdown, not just drop power. Sounds like your battery is at the end of its useful life and has built up an unacceptable amount of internal resistance causing voltage drop when high current is suddenly needed.


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What determines the LAN/SMB media file buffering speed for android devices
Recently I started streaming media files through windows share and occasionally open them on my android devices(through solid file explorer LAN/SMB connection), I noticed for 1080p/2k videos, my LG G6 would open it rather instantly and I can browse videos without much buffering time. But for my Samsung galaxy tab it actually takes a few extra seconds to load the video and it has a noticeably longer buffering time if I jump around on the progress bar.
This got me curious, I wonder what caused the difference in buffering speed for my android devices. Is it the connection strength of the wifi signal, like my LG G6 would have a better wifi connection signal at home?
My router I'm using is NETGEAR Nighthawk X6S AC3000.

Which model of Samsung Galaxy tab? Also which wifi radio protocols are enabled in your setup (802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11a or 802.11ac)?

A number of factors may come into play here, firstly as highlighted by Morrison these devices may perhaps have different radio protocols (or standards) that they use and support different bands consequently different downlink speeds.
For more on this see: Why do two smartphones connected to the same WiFi network show different speeds (one displays the link speed as 135 Mbps and other only 72 Mbps)?
In addition, wi-fi signal and speed tend to degrade over distance and through obstacles like walls and this also affect the buffering time. Inteference is another factor, because so many devices predominantly one band use (the 2.4 GHz band), the resulting congestion can cause dropped connections and slower-than-expected speeds.
Having a number of devices connected to the router can significantly reduce speed and increase buffering time, so you may want to reduce the number of simultaneous connections while streaming.
Networking issues like IP address assignment (DHCP server) might be triggering the issue, constant drops in connection on a poorly configured DHCP server may be slowing connection speeds, you may need to try static IP address and observe the difference.
On the client-side media rendering capabilities of  the associated media players responsible for playback may also be a factor, you need to use a media player with latest codecs supporting given media formats and high resolution videos to allow a smooth playback.


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Delete inbuilt apps completely after rooting
I have a Samsung Galaxy on7, running on Android 6.0.1.
It has a lot of pre installed apps that I consider bloatware. I want to remove them completely from the phone.
Recently, I tried removing these apps as per this video:
Video 1
But soon I found that it does not delete the system files, because that is not possible without root.
I also found that I can root my phone using adb. The procedure (on a different phone, though) is here:
Video 2
After rooting and installing magisk, I want to delete the system files from adb using the following command (say, to remove google photos):
adb shell rm -f /system/app/Photos/Photos.apk

and
adb shell rm -f /data/user/0/com.Google.android.apps.photos

Two questions on this:

Is this possible to be done on my device? Any precautions?
Is there any way to backup the system files before deleting it?

Get Titanium Backup. You can backup and delete anything then as long as you have root.

Be aware that in modern devices it is often better to disable the apps than to remove them. Removing system apps will not gain you any storage space and could cause a huge issue if you ever attempt to take an OTA update in the future.

Firelord recently wrote how to uninstall apps for a specific user (see here and the command with --user). Maybe that's a road to investigate. But as @acejavelin wrote: try disabling the app first and watch out for side-effects. Always easier to re-enable than to re-install ;)

Possible duplicate of How can I uninstall applications that are locked by phone vendor?


text:
Pastel Colors in Phone/Dialer
I've got a Pixel 2 running Android 9 (Pie). The other day the colors for the contacts on the Phone/Dialer Favorites screen switched to what I can only describe as 'pastel'. They don't match the contact colors in the Messages App (though the used to). Switching a contact color in the Messages App has no effect on the new pastel color for the contact in the Phone/Dialer.
I don't think I fatfingered anything to cause this but I'm not going to swear to it. When I noticed it I had just picked up the phone and unlocked it to make a call.
Color Inversion (Accessibility) is not enabled. Dark Mode is not enabled. Phone is totally stock.
What caused this and how do I revert it?
Update 1
Co-worker with a Pixel 2 that recently upgraded to Pie noticed the same thing. It's quite possible the change happened at the same time for both of us (not at time of upgrade but a few days after). Is this something Google did? Something about Material Theming with the new Material Design they rolled out, pulled and rolled out again? Also, I've restarted and done a power off, so I don't think this is a transient glitch.
Update 2
Co-worker's Messages app has gone Pastel, mine has not so far, despite force stopping the Contacts App, the Phone/Dialer and Messages and doing a restart and power off. Phone is 23.0.208561757, Contacts is 3.0.6.209518734, Messages is 3.4.048 (Yehu_RC26_xxhdpi.arm64-v8a.phone).
Update 3
Yet another co-worker (Pixel 2 / Pie) has the same symptoms as me (Pastel Colors for contacts in Phone/Dialer only). So it seems this is definitely something to do with some kind of rollout of something by Google.

This question has been asked before and should be recognised as a duplicate. See this query for some guidance. Some have answers, some do not.

@wbogacz Related maybe, but I don't think duplicate.

@wbogacz I've got no Emergency Messages, I haven't synced contacts since I activated the phone and It's a Google device with the Google Phone/Dialer App, not a Samsung device (which has a different Phone/Dialer, right?).

Went to Settings->Apps & notifications->Phone->Settings->Uninstall updates (three dots) and ended up with 20.1.197612390. Colors are back to normal. Will see how long they stay this way and if they change the next time the Phone app is updated.
Update 1
The phone app was updated and the pastel colors returned. Downgraded again to get rid of them. It looks like this intentional on the part of Google.


text:
Possible to patch the Android kernel with root?
Basically there's a boot rom exploit on Tegra X1 chips, specifically the Nintendo Switch that allows you send payloads while it is in Recovery Mode and basically run unsigned code (homebrew, custom firmware, and even launch Linux distros). The payload launcher works on PC, Mac, and Linux, and has been ported to Android, however for it to work on Linux it requires a kernel patch for the EHCI (USB 2.0) driver. Devices that support xHCI (3.0) can execute it without any problems. On Android it is done using a USB-OTG adapter by the way and works without root access. I suspect that the only way to patch the kernel is with root access or a custom ROM/kernel with the patch. Here is one hacking team's (fail0verflow) patch without any instructions: https://github.com/fail0verflow/shofel2/blob/master/linux-ehci-enable-large-ctl-xfers.patch
Someone also wrote a Python script for Linux that patches the kernel memory here: https://gist.github.com/DavidBuchanan314/41b12362cc4d8c539dc441d75155f2e9
I tried to run it using Termux with the python package installed however it results with this error:
0x0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "ehci_patch.py", line 70, in <module>
" " ".replace("PLACEHOLDER", hex(ksyms["ehci_urb_enqueue"])).replace("PLACE2" hex(ksyms["lookup_address"]))
KeyError: 'lookup_address'

Tried to also run it with su first but it says sh: python: not found
Anyway, I don't think that "hotpatch" script could even properly work on Android as it is meant for desktop Linux systems.
I would appreciate any leads or information on a way to patch the kernel either with root access or perhaps a way to get the python script working. I forked the Android app with hopes to improve it and translate it to different languages and I want to be able to provide a solution with instructions to get it to work on EHCI devices (if it's possible at all on Android). It would be amazing if it's possible with a Magisk module as well.

@iBug I got tsu installed and then tsu puts me into superuser mode (#) but after trying the python command (python ehci_patch.py) it says, bash: /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/python: Permission denied

I really appreciate your question for perfect English language and formatting (that's why I upvoted this off-topic question), but unfortunately, we don't want development questions. You can probably get some better responses over at XDA Deverloper Forum.

That Python script appears to work by generating the source code for, then compiling a custom kernel module, then loading that module to do the actual patch. It expects, among other things, a working C compiler, make program, and kernel sources (at least headers) for the kernel you're running at /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build.
So, no, that's not going to work on Android. Typically you have none of those things. With a cross-compile environment (on a PC) set up to build your phone's kernel, you could likely build that module, copy it over, then (as root on the Android device) load it. But building it directly on the phone would be quite an undertaking.


text:
Google Play Support
When installing a game from Google Play I am asked to login to Google play services to update. Unfortunately the email account linked to this is one I had at school which no longer exists. How do I access Google Play services to update it without this email. I have tried uninstalling but this is not possible.

You can manually install it by downloading the corresponding play services on this page
https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/google-inc/google-play-services/

Thanks Kenji but I already have Google Play Services installed. The problem is that I can't sign into it as the email linked to is is no longer functioning. I need to either bypass the sign-in or unistall it.

depending on the device, some of them allow you to uninstall from settings -> applications -> play services, other devices force you to deactivate them from the play store. What you can do is delete your email account by entering settings -> accounts -> google -> delete account

This video show how dissable and install other play services https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEPYhe-ZyjY


text:
Can I ensure an installed application only runs when I open it?
That is, I want to ensure it consumes no system resources (data, RAM and CPU) unless I open it.
Intuitively, if I block all notifications from an app, this might happen. But then again, it might not.
Does it? If not, is there a way to achieve that?

just turn off all notifications. third parties can control the application with notifications..

Disable autostart on boot and restrict background execution

So you want to ensure that certain apps do not start themselves automatically. There are several apps available to control auto-start behavior. The currently best ranked app is Brevent – available in the Playstore as well as in my F-Droid repo. Other than most other apps, this app does not require root to do its job.
Ensuring the app doesn't start unless you tell it to also makes sure it does not consume any resources (except for space on storage) unless you explicitly run it.

After I ran the app and closed it, does it stay closed? (By close I mean click the square icon and swap it)

A clear "maybe" is the answer. Depends on the app. That's why those "auto-start-controllers" exist: some apps start on certain events. Most obvious: even if you close the dialer, it will automatically start itself on an incoming call. Other apps might get started on other events, such as headset connected, network changed, SD card mounted …


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Cannot share calendars with out having both email accts on Android phone
I am trying to have a shared calendar with my wife.  It works great on the PC. but not on our android phones.  The only way I have been able to share calendars is by putting her email address in the my google mail app. But then I get her mail!
Just want to share calendars - not emails
Or, is there a way to have her gmail acct on my phone but somehow block her emails from my phone?

Its not clear what you are trying to do to share a calendar.

I share a gmail calendar on my PC with my wife - we see both of our events in the same view.  I want to do the same on my phone.  On my phone the only way I have been able to do this is by adding my wife's account to my list of email accounts.  The problem is that I get her emails too.  I just want to see both of our events on the phone.  Any thoughts very much appreciated.

First there's this, from the Help page at https://support.google.com/calendar/answer/37082?hl=en
Emphasis is mine.

You can share the main calendar for your account, or another calendar you created.

On your computer, open Google Calendar. You can't share calendars from the Google Calendar app.
On the left, find the "My calendars" section. You might need to click it to expand it.
Hover over the calendar you want to share, click More More and then Settings and sharing.
To share with individuals: Under "Share with specific people," add the person or the email address of the person you want to share with.
To change wider sharing settings: Under "Access permissions," choose an option in the drop-down menu. Learn more about these options below.
If someone isn't already added, click Add people.
Add people and click Send.

If you shared your calendar with an individual email address, they'll see your calendar in their "Other calendars" list. If you shared your calendar with an email group , they'll see the calendar in their "Other calendars" list once they click on the link in the email invitation from Google Calendar.

Then there's this: https://support.google.com/calendar/answer/37100?co=GENIE.Platform%3DAndroid&hl=en

Add using Email Address
Ask to see a calendar

On your computer, open Google Calendar. You can only edit Google Calendar sharing settings from a computer, not the app.
On the left side, click Other calendars.
In the Add a friend's calendar or Add a coworker's calendar box, enter the other person's email address.
Press Enter.
Depending on how their calendar is shared, one of the following will happen:

If the calendar isn't shared with you, you'll see a form to request access.
If the calendar is already shared with you, their calendar will be added on the left side under "Other calendars."
If the other person doesn't have a Google Calendar, you'll see the option to invite them to use Google Calendar.

Approval by the other person
If their calendar isn't shared with you, the other person will get an email requesting access.
To accept your request, the other person should:

On your computer, open the email you sent requesting access.
Click the link in the email.
In the Settings page that opens, choose a permission setting and select Add Person.
Click Save.

After the other person has accepted your request, their calendar will appear on the left side under "Other calendars." If you don't see it, try refreshing the page.

Thank you.
Is there a way to have the spouses email on the droid phone and NOT see her emails?

If there was, that's the answer I would have given. As you can see, that's not the case.


text:
Huawei p9 lite usb working but not working
(trying to root the phone but haven't got any because of the USB problem)
so i have had this device for a while and through the couple of years its gotten pretty beat up but still works.

so the problem im having is every time i connect it to my computer the only thing that happens is the phone charging the computer nor the phone reacts at all (beside's charging) but i have found a trick if i leave the phone alone for a minuet when i plug the cable in it works the computer reads it and i get access but when i turn the phone off the problem appears again. its realy frustrating because im trying to access the fast boot or boot loader but because of the problem it dose not work i think. nothing pops up besides the charging icon. it almost work once when i held down the volume down button then put in the USB cable the computer reconized it for a split second but still did not work.
ive tried many things used different cables factory reset it oem unlocked enabled
tried leaving the cable in when the computer reconized it then powered it down still dint work
i need help with this please.
model number vns-l31
[ps sorry if you cant understand my writing im pretty bad at it]

i did change them it dint work

I encountered the same problem and all I did was to change the usb cord or the usb-port. Hope this helps.


text:
Install Magisk in TWRP, with "Keep DM-Verity/AVB 2.0" option?
I want to flash the Magisk ZIP while keeping dm-verity and AVB 2.0.
The Magisk ZIP detects my encrypted /data partition and keeps force encryption, but always disables dm-verity and AVB 2.0 when flashed with TWRP. This leads to the inconvenience that I have to restore the "stock boot image" (with TWRP) and flash it again in Magisk Manager.
It's better if dm-verity and AVB is preserved at the first flash in TWRP.

@beeshyams I know I can restore the stock image and flash again, but the question is I want to avoid it, by keeping verity on first flash.

Did you try version 17.1 latest one? Claims to keep dm verity

@beeshyams Thanks for the response. I've flashed Magisk 17.1 and it's working. See my own answer which provides an alternative solution.

With Magisk 17.1 (introduced by topjohnwu in this commit), Magisk installer ZIP now detects system_root_image and keeps dm-verity/AVB 2.0 when being flashed in recovery. This should solve the issue most of the times (at least with my OnePlus 5 and OnePlus 6).
Alternatively, create a file at /data/.magisk with the following content:
KEEPFORCEENCRYPT=true
KEEPVERITY=true

This file will be parsed by the installer script (here) and the settings will be respected.


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Updating system app without root and apk install in stock ROM
I need to update system apps like phone, contacts etc without installing apk or rooting. Is this possible?
Stock ROM in Moto X4
How can I update my phone, contact etc with latest version from moto? Is this only possible by OTA? I have seen in xiaomi devices which provide updates to system apps without OTA.

Please ask two separate questions as they are distinct. For Moto you can simply update those apps from Play Store. It worked that way on Moto X Play

Phone and contact app is not listed on play store for updates. It's not Google's phone and contact. But, messages is of Google's and updated to latest version.

In that case it is a system app of Moto and you need OTA.


text:
Updating system app without root and apk install in custom ROM
Custom ROM in Redmi 3S
I have installed Gapps(from opengapps) using TWRP recovery. Recently, I got an update from play store for dialer app, but not for messages which released recently. Why message app doesn't received update? Do I need to flash latest Gapps to get this?

It can happen that Google Play does not recognize an installed system app and therefore does not update it. Open the app info page in the PlayStore app and perform a manual update. Afterwards this app will be updated automatically when the next update is published.

Google distributes updates in waves (based on geographical location etc.) to balance load so that may be a reason for you not getting an update right away. Additionally updates depend on your phone android version, architecture (arm vs x86, 32-bit or 64-bit) and screen resolution so that may also be a factor in getting or not getting an app update. As of now you can see all released versions of the messaging app from google on the APKMirror website:
https://www.apkmirror.com/apk/google-inc/messenger-google-inc/#description
and manually sideload the appropriate version based on your phone's specs.


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When Flashing Firmware, Do you need correct PDA, Etc
Please Help, I had a FPR lock and I removed it with a custom rom, I was following a tutorial and I needed a stock rom firmware for my model. I was reading something about you can get any Firmware but just need the right model, is that true . I'm not that good at phones and stuff so just look at this. On my custom rom this it what it comes up with
Model : SM-G930F
PDA : G930FXXU1APL3
Phone : G930FXXU1APJ1
H/W : MP.0700

you can download the firmware from its official website
https://www.sammobile.com/firmwares/galaxy-s7-edge/SM-G935F/

Hi. Thank you for finding time to contribute here. May I suggest you go through our [help/on-topic] to know what's  on-topic and off-topic here. The question concerned is an off-topic one and we do not encourage answering them, as they lead to waste of answerer's  time and deviates site's usefulness from its intended usage.

It's also important to note that the website you linked is not Samsung's official website. It's a third-party website hosting Samsung ROMs.

Good of you to link to those fucking scammers


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How to remove unwanted ads notifications from Chrome?
So I visited a torrent site (not sure if it's the cause 100% though) on my Samsung Galaxy S8 last night & since then have been getting the notifications ads from Chrome.

I downloaded & ran Malwarebytes, firewall & antivirus after the popup situation but all 3 apps say my phone is fine with nothing showing in the scan results.
How do I remove the notification ads in the Samsung Galaxy S8? Also, my Chrome browser freezes a lot now too.

clear the cache of Chrome browser, if it doesn't help both cache and data of Chrome and restart Chrome

@beeshyams How do I restart Chrome?

By swiping away from recents or restart phone

If that doesn't help see the malware tag added to question

@beeshyams Did what you said but the ads still show up once every hour at least. Why isn't MalwareBytes working to remove them?

It appears that you enabled notifications for the website tx8t.invictioner.club.
To turn these off, open Chrome > Site settings > Notifications. Tap tx8t.invictioner.club, tap the bell icon, and choose Block (if similar sites under the filter *.invictioner.club have notification access, block them too).
SOURCE: Turn off notification from websites in Chrome on Android - CNET


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DD fails beyond 2GB seek
When I try to use dd to flash images I see some issues when the seek value exceeds 2GB.(i.e. bs * seek >= 2GB).
dd bs=512 count=8 if=sample.img of=/dev/block/mmcblk0 seek=4194304
dd: /dev/block/mmcblk0: Invalid argument

When I try with a value (2GB-1), the dd command succeeds. Can anyone point out why exactly the 2GB limit for the seek value exists? Is it related to filesystem (FAT limit?)? Is there any easy workaround to get dd work past the seek limit?
dd bs=512 count=8 if=sample.img  of=/dev/block/mmcblk0 seek=4194303                         <
8+0 records in
8+0 records out
4096 bytes transferred in 0.001 secs (4096000 bytes/sec)

Apparently, the issue is seen only for seek values in the range (2GB-4GB). The dd succeeds beyond 4GB - very strange.

I havent tried another dd binary. But I guess  the issue is similar to the one  mentioned http://lists.busybox.net/pipermail/busybox/2012-July/078193.html
I coudln't download the patch to fix the issue. I'm writing to the mmcblk0 itself (not to a specific partition).

For me, androids toolbox dd is failing. I tried another dd (toybox) and it worked fine.

Don't use busybox dd (compiled with bionic libc). Instead you may use static dd binary from gnu coreutils compiled with glibc or musl. On my device all binaries work well; Android's toolbox dd, meefik's busybox dd and statically built dd.
Bionic is confirmed to be buggy with large files.
PS: Playing with eMMC is dangerous, particularly when testing buggy dd. dd is a killer, in my opinion. You can accidentally overwrite initial few bytes of mmcblk0 rendering your device useless.


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How may I use apps without installing it?
Is there any way to copy and paste some files and directories and install an app without using package installer from one tab to other.
Android Version 6.0.1
Tablet Lenovo Tab x103f

Unless you're rooted, this might not be doable.

I gave rooted my both the devices

Instant application can be used without installation check this out

Note that this may only work for apps that support Google Play Instant, which not all apps support.