from IPython.display import (
    display, display_html, display_png, display_svg
)

"""
Explanation: Custom Display Logic
Overview
As described in the Rich Output tutorial, the IPython display system can display rich representations of objects in the following formats:

JavaScript
HTML
PNG
JPEG
SVG
LaTeX
PDF

This Notebook shows how you can add custom display logic to your own classes, so that they can be displayed using these rich representations. There are two ways of accomplishing this:

Implementing special display methods such as _repr_html_ when you define your class.
Registering a display function for a particular existing class.

This Notebook describes and illustrates both approaches.
Import the IPython display functions.
End of explanation
"""


import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.ion()

"""
Explanation: Parts of this notebook need the matplotlib inline backend:
End of explanation
"""


from IPython.core.pylabtools import print_figure
from IPython.display import Image, SVG, Math

class Gaussian(object):
    """A simple object holding data sampled from a Gaussian distribution.
    """
    def __init__(self, mean=0.0, std=1, size=1000):
        self.data = np.random.normal(mean, std, size)
        self.mean = mean
        self.std = std
        self.size = size
        # For caching plots that may be expensive to compute
        self._png_data = None
        
    def _figure_data(self, format):
        fig, ax = plt.subplots()
        ax.hist(self.data, bins=50)
        ax.set_title(self._repr_latex_())
        ax.set_xlim(-10.0,10.0)
        data = print_figure(fig, format)
        # We MUST close the figure, otherwise IPython's display machinery
        # will pick it up and send it as output, resulting in a double display
        plt.close(fig)
        return data
        
    def _repr_png_(self):
        if self._png_data is None:
            self._png_data = self._figure_data('png')
        return self._png_data
    
    def _repr_latex_(self):
        return r'$\mathcal{N}(\mu=%.2g, \sigma=%.2g),\ N=%d$' % (self.mean,
                                                                 self.std, self.size)

"""
Explanation: Special display methods
The main idea of the first approach is that you have to implement special display methods when you define your class, one for each representation you want to use. Here is a list of the names of the special methods and the values they must return:

_repr_html_: return raw HTML as a string
_repr_json_: return a JSONable dict
_repr_jpeg_: return raw JPEG data
_repr_png_: return raw PNG data
_repr_svg_: return raw SVG data as a string
_repr_latex_: return LaTeX commands in a string surrounded by "$".
_repr_mimebundle_: return a full mimebundle containing the mapping from all mimetypes to data 

As an illustration, we build a class that holds data generated by sampling a Gaussian distribution with given mean and standard deviation. Here is the definition of the Gaussian class, which has a custom PNG and LaTeX representation.
End of explanation
"""


x = Gaussian(2.0, 1.0)
x

"""
Explanation: Create an instance of the Gaussian distribution and return it to display the default representation:
End of explanation
"""


display(x)

"""
Explanation: You can also pass the object to the display function to display the default representation:
End of explanation
"""


display_png(x)

"""
Explanation: Use display_png to view the PNG representation:
End of explanation
"""


x2 = Gaussian(0, 2, 2000)
x2

"""
Explanation: <div class="alert alert-success">
It is important to note a subtle different between <code>display</code> and <code>display_png</code>. The former computes <em>all</em> representations of the object, and lets the notebook UI decide which to display. The later only computes the PNG representation.
</div>

Create a new Gaussian with different parameters:
End of explanation
"""


display_png(x)
display_png(x2)

"""
Explanation: You can then compare the two Gaussians by displaying their histograms:
End of explanation
"""


p = np.polynomial.Polynomial([1,2,3], [-10, 10])
p

"""
Explanation: Note that like print, you can call any of the display functions multiple times in a cell.
Adding IPython display support to existing objects
When you are directly writing your own classes, you can adapt them for display in IPython by following the above approach.  But in practice, you often need to work with existing classes that you can't easily modify. We now illustrate how to add rich output capabilities to existing objects. We will use the NumPy polynomials and change their default representation to be a formatted LaTeX expression.
First, consider how a NumPy polynomial object renders by default:
End of explanation
"""


def poly_to_latex(p):
    terms = ['%.2g' % p.coef[0]]
    if len(p) > 1:
        term = 'x'
        c = p.coef[1]
        if c!=1:
            term = ('%.2g ' % c) + term
        terms.append(term)
    if len(p) > 2:
        for i in range(2, len(p)):
            term = 'x^%d' % i
            c = p.coef[i]
            if c!=1:
                term = ('%.2g ' % c) + term
            terms.append(term)
    px = '$P(x)=%s$' % '+'.join(terms)
    dom = r', $x \in [%.2g,\ %.2g]$' % tuple(p.domain)
    return px+dom

"""
Explanation: Next, define a function that pretty-prints a polynomial as a LaTeX string:
End of explanation
"""


poly_to_latex(p)

"""
Explanation: This produces, on our polynomial p, the following:
End of explanation
"""


from IPython.display import Latex
Latex(poly_to_latex(p))

"""
Explanation: You can render this string using the Latex class:
End of explanation
"""


ip = get_ipython()
for mime, formatter in ip.display_formatter.formatters.items():
    print('%24s : %s' % (mime, formatter.__class__.__name__))

"""
Explanation: However, you can configure IPython to do this automatically by registering the Polynomial class and the poly_to_latex function with an IPython display formatter. Let's look at the default formatters provided by IPython:
End of explanation
"""


ip = get_ipython()
latex_f = ip.display_formatter.formatters['text/latex']

"""
Explanation: The formatters attribute is a dictionary keyed by MIME types. To define a custom LaTeX display function, you want a handle on the text/latex formatter:
End of explanation
"""


help(latex_f.for_type)

help(latex_f.for_type_by_name)

"""
Explanation: The formatter object has a couple of methods for registering custom display functions for existing types.
End of explanation
"""


latex_f.for_type_by_name('numpy.polynomial.polynomial',
                                 'Polynomial', poly_to_latex)

"""
Explanation: In this case, we will use for_type_by_name to register poly_to_latex as the display function for the Polynomial type:
End of explanation
"""


p

p2 = np.polynomial.Polynomial([-20, 71, -15, 1])
p2

"""
Explanation: Once the custom display function has been registered, all NumPy Polynomial instances will be represented by their LaTeX form instead:
End of explanation
"""


class Gaussian(object):
    """A simple object holding data sampled from a Gaussian distribution.
    """
    def __init__(self, mean=0.0, std=1, size=1000):
        self.data = np.random.normal(mean, std, size)
        self.mean = mean
        self.std = std
        self.size = size
        # For caching plots that may be expensive to compute
        self._png_data = None
        
    def _figure_data(self, format):
        fig, ax = plt.subplots()
        ax.hist(self.data, bins=50)
        ax.set_xlim(-10.0,10.0)
        data = print_figure(fig, format)
        # We MUST close the figure, otherwise IPython's display machinery
        # will pick it up and send it as output, resulting in a double display
        plt.close(fig)
        return data
    
    def _compute_mathml(self):
        return """
        <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
          <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
            <mi class="MJX-tex-caligraphic" mathvariant="script">N</mi>
          </mrow>
          <mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
          <mi>&#x03BC;<!-- μ --></mi>
          <mo>=</mo>
          <mn>{mu}</mn>
          <mo>,</mo>
          <mi>&#x03C3;<!-- σ --></mi>
          <mo>=</mo>
          <mn>{sigma}</mn>
          <mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
          <mo>,</mo>
          <mtext>&#xA0;</mtext>
          <mi>N</mi>
          <mo>=</mo>
          <mn>{N}</mn>
        </math>
        """.format(N=self.size, mu=self.mean, sigma=self.std)
        
    def _repr_mimebundle_(self, include, exclude, **kwargs):
        """
        repr_mimebundle shoudl accept include, exclude and **kwargs
        """
        if self._png_data is None:
            self._png_data = self._figure_data('png')
        math = r'$\mathcal{N}(\mu=%.2g, \sigma=%.2g),\ N=%d$' % (self.mean,
                                                                 self.std, self.size)
        data = {'image/png':self._png_data,
                'text/latex':math,
                'application/mathml+xml': self._compute_mathml()
                }
        if include:
            data = {k:v for (k,v) in data.items() if k in include}
        if exclude:
            data = {k:v for (k,v) in data.items() if k not in exclude}
        return data

# that is deffinitively wrong as it shoudl show the PNG. 
display(Gaussian())

"""
Explanation: Custom Mimetypes with _repr_mimebundle_
Available on IPython 5.4+ and 6.1+.
For objects needing full control over the repr protocol may decide to implement the _repr_mimebundle_(include, exclude) method.
Unlike the other _repr_*_ methods must return many representation of the object in a mapping object which keys are mimetypes and value are associated data. The _repr_mimebundle_() method, may also return a second mapping from mimetypes to metadata. 
Example:
End of explanation
"""


display(Gaussian(), include={'text/latex'}) # only show latex

display(Gaussian(), exclude={'image/png'}) # exclude png

display(Gaussian(), include={'text/plain', 'image/png'}, exclude={'image/png'}) # keep only plain/text

"""
Explanation: In the above example, the 3 mimetypes are embeded in the notebook document this allowing custom extensions and converters to display the representation(s) of their choice.
For example, converting this noetebook to epub may decide to use the MathML representation as most ebook reader cannot run mathjax (unlike browsers). 
Implementation guidelines
The _repr_mimebundle_ methods is also given two keywords parameters :  include and exclude. Each can be a  containers (e.g.:list, set ...) of mimetypes to return or None, This allows implementation to avoid computing potentially unnecessary and expensive mimetypes representations. 
When include is non-empty (empty list or None), _repr_mimebundle_ may decide to returns only the mimetypes in include.
When exclude is non-empty, _repr_mimebundle_ may decide to not return any mimetype in exclude. 
If both include and exclude and overlap, mimetypes present in exclude may not be returned. 
If implementations decide to ignore the include and exclude logic and always returns a full mimebundles, the IPython kernel will take care of removing non-desired representations.
The _repr_mimebundle_ method should accept arbitrary keyword arguments for future compatiility.
End of explanation
"""


import json
import uuid
from IPython.display import display_javascript, display_html, display

class FlotPlot(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.uuid = str(uuid.uuid4())
    
    def _ipython_display_(self):
        json_data = json.dumps(list(zip(self.x, self.y)))
        display_html('<div id="{}" style="height: 300px; width:80%;"></div>'.format(self.uuid),
            raw=True
        )
        display_javascript("""
        require(["//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/flot/0.8.2/jquery.flot.min.js"], function() {
          var line = JSON.parse("%s");
          console.log(line);
          $.plot("#%s", [line]);
        });
        """ % (json_data, self.uuid), raw=True)


import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0,10)
y = np.sin(x)
FlotPlot(x, np.sin(x))

"""
Explanation: More complex display with _ipython_display_
Rich output special methods and functions can only display one object or MIME type at a time. Sometimes this is not enough if you want to display multiple objects or MIME types at once. An example of this would be to use an HTML representation to put some HTML elements in the DOM and then use a JavaScript representation to add events to those elements.
IPython 2.0 recognizes another display method, _ipython_display_, which allows your objects to take complete control of displaying themselves. If this method is defined, IPython will call it, and make no effort to display the object using the above described _repr_*_ methods for custom display functions. It's a way for you to say "Back off, IPython, I can display this myself." Most importantly, your _ipython_display_ method can make multiple calls to the top-level display functions to accomplish its goals.
Here is an object that uses display_html and display_javascript to make a plot using the Flot JavaScript plotting library:
End of explanation
"""


