# Copyright 2019 The TensorFlow Hub Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================

"""
Explanation: Copyright 2019 The TensorFlow Hub Authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
End of explanation
"""


%%bash
# https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/1694#issuecomment-466010982
pip install gdown --no-use-pep517

%%bash
sudo apt-get install -y unzip

import os

import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow_hub as hub

import gdown
import numpy as np
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

"""
Explanation: Bangla Article Classification With TF-Hub
<table class="tfo-notebook-buttons" align="left">
  <td>
    <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tensorflow.org/hub/tutorials/bangla_article_classifier"><img src="https://www.tensorflow.org/images/tf_logo_32px.png" />View on TensorFlow.org</a>
  </td>
  <td>
    <a target="_blank" href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/tensorflow/hub/blob/master/examples/colab/bangla_article_classifier.ipynb"><img src="https://www.tensorflow.org/images/colab_logo_32px.png" />Run in Google Colab</a>
  </td>
  <td>
    <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/tensorflow/hub/blob/master/examples/colab/bangla_article_classifier.ipynb"><img src="https://www.tensorflow.org/images/GitHub-Mark-32px.png" />View on GitHub</a>
  </td>
  <td>
    <a href="https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow_docs/hub/examples/colab/bangla_article_classifier.ipynb"><img src="https://www.tensorflow.org/images/download_logo_32px.png" />Download notebook</a>
  </td>
</table>

Caution: In addition to installing Python packages with pip, this notebook uses
sudo apt install to install system packages: unzip.
This Colab is a demonstration of using Tensorflow Hub for text classification in non-English/local languages. Here we choose Bangla as the local language and use pretrained word embeddings to solve a multiclass classification task where we classify Bangla news articles in 5 categories.  The pretrained embeddings for Bangla comes from fastText which is a library by Facebook with released pretrained word vectors for 157 languages. 
We'll use TF-Hub's pretrained embedding exporter for converting the word embeddings to a text embedding module first and then use the module to train a classifier with tf.keras, Tensorflow's high level user friendly API to build deep learning models.  Even if we are using fastText embeddings here, it's possible to export any other embeddings pretrained from other tasks and quickly get results with Tensorflow hub. 
Setup
End of explanation
"""


gdown.download(
    url='https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1Ag0jd21oRwJhVFIBohmX_ogeojVtapLy',
    output='bard.zip',
    quiet=True
)

%%bash
unzip -qo bard.zip

"""
Explanation: Dataset
We will use BARD (Bangla Article Dataset) which has around 376,226 articles collected from different Bangla news portals and labelled with 5 categories: economy, state, international, sports, and entertainment. We download the file from Google Drive this (bit.ly/BARD_DATASET) link is referring to from this GitHub repository.
End of explanation
"""


%%bash
curl -O https://dl.fbaipublicfiles.com/fasttext/vectors-crawl/cc.bn.300.vec.gz
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tensorflow/hub/master/examples/text_embeddings_v2/export_v2.py
gunzip -qf cc.bn.300.vec.gz --k

"""
Explanation: Export pretrained word vectors to TF-Hub module
TF-Hub provides some useful scripts for converting word embeddings to TF-hub text embedding modules here. To make the module for Bangla or any other languages, we simply have to download the word embedding .txt or .vec file to the same directory as export_v2.py and run the script.
The exporter reads the embedding vectors and exports it to a Tensorflow SavedModel. A SavedModel contains a complete TensorFlow program including weights and graph. TF-Hub can load the SavedModel as a module, which we will use to build the model for text classification. Since we are using tf.keras to build the model, we will use hub.KerasLayer, which provides a wrapper for a TF-Hub module to use as a Keras Layer.
First we will get our word embeddings from fastText and embedding exporter from TF-Hub repo.
End of explanation
"""


%%bash
python export_v2.py --embedding_file=cc.bn.300.vec --export_path=text_module --num_lines_to_ignore=1 --num_lines_to_use=100000

module_path = "text_module"
embedding_layer = hub.KerasLayer(module_path, trainable=False)

"""
Explanation: Then, we will run the exporter script on our embedding file. Since fastText embeddings have a header line and are pretty large (around 3.3 GB for Bangla after converting to a module) we ignore the first line and export only the first 100, 000 tokens to the text embedding module.
End of explanation
"""


embedding_layer(['বাস', 'বসবাস', 'ট্রেন', 'যাত্রী', 'ট্রাক']) 

"""
Explanation: The text embedding module takes a batch of sentences in a 1D tensor of strings as input and outputs the embedding vectors of shape (batch_size, embedding_dim) corresponding to the sentences. It preprocesses the input by splitting on spaces. Word embeddings are combined to sentence embeddings with the sqrtn combiner(See here). For demonstration we pass a list of Bangla words as input and get the corresponding embedding vectors.
End of explanation
"""


dir_names = ['economy', 'sports', 'entertainment', 'state', 'international']

file_paths = []
labels = []
for i, dir in enumerate(dir_names):
  file_names = ["/".join([dir, name]) for name in os.listdir(dir)]
  file_paths += file_names
  labels += [i] * len(os.listdir(dir))
  
np.random.seed(42)
permutation = np.random.permutation(len(file_paths))

file_paths = np.array(file_paths)[permutation]
labels = np.array(labels)[permutation]

"""
Explanation: Convert to Tensorflow Dataset
Since the dataset is really large instead of loading the entire dataset in memory we will use a generator to yield samples in run-time in batches using Tensorflow Dataset functions. The dataset is also very imbalanced, so, before using the generator, we will shuffle the dataset.
End of explanation
"""


train_frac = 0.8
train_size = int(len(file_paths) * train_frac)

# plot training vs validation distribution
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.hist(labels[0:train_size])
plt.title("Train labels")
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.hist(labels[train_size:])
plt.title("Validation labels")
plt.tight_layout()

"""
Explanation: We can check the distribution of labels in the training and validation examples after shuffling.
End of explanation
"""


def load_file(path, label):
    return tf.io.read_file(path), label

def make_datasets(train_size):
  batch_size = 256

  train_files = file_paths[:train_size]
  train_labels = labels[:train_size]
  train_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((train_files, train_labels))
  train_ds = train_ds.map(load_file).shuffle(5000)
  train_ds = train_ds.batch(batch_size).prefetch(tf.data.AUTOTUNE)

  test_files = file_paths[train_size:]
  test_labels = labels[train_size:]
  test_ds = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((test_files, test_labels))
  test_ds = test_ds.map(load_file)
  test_ds = test_ds.batch(batch_size).prefetch(tf.data.AUTOTUNE)


  return train_ds, test_ds

train_data, validation_data = make_datasets(train_size)

"""
Explanation: To create a Dataset using a generator, we first write a generator function which reads each of the articles from file_paths and the labels from the label array, and yields one training example at each step. We pass this generator function to the tf.data.Dataset.from_generator method and specify the output types. Each training example is a tuple containing an article of tf.string data type and one-hot encoded label. We split the dataset with a train-validation split of 80-20 using tf.data.Dataset.skip and tf.data.Dataset.take methods.
End of explanation
"""


def create_model():
  model = tf.keras.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Input(shape=[], dtype=tf.string),
    embedding_layer,
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, activation="relu"),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(16, activation="relu"),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(5),
  ])
  model.compile(loss=tf.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True),
      optimizer="adam", metrics=['accuracy'])
  return model

model = create_model()
# Create earlystopping callback
early_stopping_callback = tf.keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', min_delta=0, patience=3)

"""
Explanation: Model Training and Evaluation
Since we have already added a wrapper around our module to use it as any other layer in Keras, we can create a small Sequential model which is a linear stack of layers. We can add our text embedding module with model.add just like any other layer. We compile the model by specifying the loss and optimizer and train it for 10 epochs. The tf.keras API can handle Tensorflow Datasets as input, so we can pass a Dataset instance to the fit method for model training. Since we are using the generator function, tf.data will handle generating the samples, batching them and feeding them to the model.
Model
End of explanation
"""


history = model.fit(train_data, 
                    validation_data=validation_data, 
                    epochs=5, 
                    callbacks=[early_stopping_callback])

"""
Explanation: Training
End of explanation
"""


# Plot training & validation accuracy values
plt.plot(history.history['accuracy'])
plt.plot(history.history['val_accuracy'])
plt.title('Model accuracy')
plt.ylabel('Accuracy')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.legend(['Train', 'Test'], loc='upper left')
plt.show()

# Plot training & validation loss values
plt.plot(history.history['loss'])
plt.plot(history.history['val_loss'])
plt.title('Model loss')
plt.ylabel('Loss')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.legend(['Train', 'Test'], loc='upper left')
plt.show()

"""
Explanation: Evaluation
We can visualize the accuracy and loss curves for training and validation data using the tf.keras.callbacks.History object returned by the tf.keras.Model.fit method, which contains the loss and accuracy value for each epoch.
End of explanation
"""


y_pred = model.predict(validation_data)

y_pred = np.argmax(y_pred, axis=1)

samples = file_paths[0:3]
for i, sample in enumerate(samples):
  f = open(sample)
  text = f.read()
  print(text[0:100])
  print("True Class: ", sample.split("/")[0])
  print("Predicted Class: ", dir_names[y_pred[i]])
  f.close()
  

"""
Explanation: Prediction
We can get the predictions for the validation data and check the confusion matrix to see the model's performance for each of the 5 classes. Because tf.keras.Model.predict method returns an n-d array for probabilities for each class, they can be converted to class labels using np.argmax.
End of explanation
"""


y_true = np.array(labels[train_size:])

print(classification_report(y_true, y_pred, target_names=dir_names))

"""
Explanation: Compare Performance
Now we can take the correct labels for the validation data from labels and compare them with our predictions to get a classification_report.
End of explanation
"""


