import networkx as nx
G = nx.Graph()


"""
Explanation: <!-- -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -->
Tutorial
This guide can help you start working with NetworkX.
Creating a graph
Create an empty graph with no nodes and no edges.
End of explanation
"""


G.add_node(1)

"""
Explanation: By definition, a Graph is a collection of nodes (vertices) along with
identified pairs of nodes (called edges, links, etc).  In NetworkX, nodes can
be any hashable object e.g., a text string, an image, an XML object, another
Graph, a customized node object, etc.
Nodes
The graph G can be grown in several ways.  NetworkX includes many graph
generator functions and facilities to read and write graphs in many formats.
To get started though we’ll look at simple manipulations.  You can add one node
at a time,
End of explanation
"""


G.add_nodes_from([2, 3])

"""
Explanation: add a list of nodes,
End of explanation
"""


H = nx.path_graph(10)
G.add_nodes_from(H)
H.edges()

"""
Explanation: or add any iterable container of nodes. You can also add nodes along with node
attributes if your container yields 2-tuples (node, node_attribute_dict).
Node attributes are discussed further below.
End of explanation
"""


G.add_node(H)

"""
Explanation: Note that G now contains the nodes of H as nodes of G.
In contrast, you could use the graph H as a node in G.
End of explanation
"""


G.add_edge(1, 2)
e = (2, 3)
G.add_edge(*e)  # unpack edge tuple*

"""
Explanation: The graph G now contains H as a node.  This flexibility is very powerful as
it allows graphs of graphs, graphs of files, graphs of functions and much more.
It is worth thinking about how to structure your application so that the nodes
are useful entities.  Of course you can always use a unique identifier in G
and have a separate dictionary keyed by identifier to the node information if
you prefer.
Edges
G can also be grown by adding one edge at a time,
End of explanation
"""


G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (1, 3)])

"""
Explanation: by adding a list of edges,
End of explanation
"""


G.add_edges_from(H.edges())

"""
Explanation: or by adding any ebunch of edges.  An ebunch is any iterable
container of edge-tuples.  An edge-tuple can be a 2-tuple of nodes or a 3-tuple
with 2 nodes followed by an edge attribute dictionary, e.g.,
(2, 3, {'weight': 3.1415}).  Edge attributes are discussed further below
End of explanation
"""


G.clear()

"""
Explanation: There are no complaints when adding existing nodes or edges. For example,
after removing all nodes and edges,
End of explanation
"""


G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (1, 3)])
G.add_node(1)
G.add_edge(1, 2)
G.add_node("spam")        # adds node "spam"
G.add_nodes_from("spam")  # adds 4 nodes: 's', 'p', 'a', 'm'
G.add_edge(3, 'm')

"""
Explanation: we add new nodes/edges and NetworkX quietly ignores any that are
already present.
End of explanation
"""


G.number_of_nodes()
G.number_of_edges()

"""
Explanation: At this stage the graph G consists of 8 nodes and 3 edges, as can be seen by:
End of explanation
"""


list(G.nodes())
list(G.edges())
list(G.adj[1])  # or list(G.neighbors(1))
G.degree()[1]  # the number of edges incident to 1

"""
Explanation: We can examine the nodes and edges. Four basic graph properties facilitate
reporting: G.nodes, G.edges, G.adj and G.degree.  These
are set-like views of the nodes, edges, neighbors (adjacencies), and degrees
of nodes in a graph. They offer a continually updated read-only view into
the graph structure. They are also dict-like in that you can look up node
and edge data attributes via the views and iterate with data attributes
using methods .items(), .data('span').
If you want a specific container type instead of a view, you can specify one.
Here we use lists, though sets, dicts, tuples and other containers may be
better in other contexts.
End of explanation
"""


G.edges([2, 'm'])
G.degree([2, 3])

"""
Explanation: One can specify to report the edges and degree from a subset of all nodes
using an nbunch. An nbunch is any of: None (meaning all nodes), a node,
or an iterable container of nodes that is not itself a node in the graph.
End of explanation
"""


G.remove_node(2)
G.remove_nodes_from("spam")
list(G.nodes())
G.remove_edge(1, 3)

"""
Explanation: One can remove nodes and edges from the graph in a similar fashion to adding.
Use methods
Graph.remove_node(),
Graph.remove_nodes_from(),
Graph.remove_edge()
and
Graph.remove_edges_from(), e.g.
End of explanation
"""


G.add_edge(1, 2)
H = nx.DiGraph(G)   # create a DiGraph using the connections from G
list(H.edges())
edgelist = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)]
H = nx.Graph(edgelist)

"""
Explanation: When creating a graph structure by instantiating one of the graph
classes you can specify data in several formats.
End of explanation
"""


G[1]  # same as G.adj[1]
G[1][2]
G.edges(1, 2)

"""
Explanation: What to use as nodes and edges
You might notice that nodes and edges are not specified as NetworkX
objects.  This leaves you free to use meaningful items as nodes and
edges. The most common choices are numbers or strings, but a node can
be any hashable object (except None), and an edge can be associated
with any object x using G.add_edge(n1, n2, object=x).
As an example, n1 and n2 could be protein objects from the RCSB Protein
Data Bank, and x could refer to an XML record of publications detailing
experimental observations of their interaction.
We have found this power quite useful, but its abuse
can lead to unexpected surprises unless one is familiar with Python.
If in doubt, consider using convert_node_labels_to_integers() to obtain
a more traditional graph with integer labels.
Accessing edges and neighbors
In addition to the views Graph.edges(), and Graph.adj(),
access to edges and neighbors is possible using subscript notation.
End of explanation
"""


G.add_edge(1, 3)
G[1][3]['color'] = "blue"
G.edges[1, 2]['color'] = "red"

"""
Explanation: You can get/set the attributes of an edge using subscript notation
if the edge already exists.
End of explanation
"""


FG = nx.Graph()
FG.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 0.125), (1, 3, 0.75), (2, 4, 1.2), (3, 4, 0.375)])
for n, nbrs in FG.adj.items():
   for nbr, eattr in nbrs.items():
       wt = eattr['weight']
       if wt < 0.5: print('(%d, %d, %.3f)' % (n, nbr, wt))

"""
Explanation: Fast examination of all (node, adjacency) pairs is achieved using
G.adjacency(), or G.adj.items().
Note that for undirected graphs, adjacency iteration sees each edge twice.
End of explanation
"""


for (u, v, wt) in FG.edges.data('weight'):
    if wt < 0.5: print('(%d, %d, %.3f)' % (u, v, wt))

"""
Explanation: Convenient access to all edges is achieved with the edges property.
End of explanation
"""


G = nx.Graph(day="Friday")
G.graph

"""
Explanation: Adding attributes to graphs, nodes, and edges
Attributes such as weights, labels, colors, or whatever Python object you like,
can be attached to graphs, nodes, or edges.
Each graph, node, and edge can hold key/value attribute pairs in an associated
attribute dictionary (the keys must be hashable).  By default these are empty,
but attributes can be added or changed using add_edge, add_node or direct
manipulation of the attribute dictionaries named G.graph, G.nodes, and
G.edges for a graph G.
Graph attributes
Assign graph attributes when creating a new graph
End of explanation
"""


G.graph['day'] = "Monday"
G.graph

"""
Explanation: Or you can modify attributes later
End of explanation
"""


G.add_node(1, time='5pm')
G.add_nodes_from([3], time='2pm')
G.nodes[1]
G.nodes[1]['room'] = 714
G.nodes.data()

"""
Explanation: Node attributes
Add node attributes using add_node(), add_nodes_from(), or G.nodes
End of explanation
"""


G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=4.7 )
G.add_edges_from([(3, 4), (4, 5)], color='red')
G.add_edges_from([(1, 2, {'color': 'blue'}), (2, 3, {'weight': 8})])
G[1][2]['weight'] = 4.7
G.edges[3, 4]['weight'] = 4.2

"""
Explanation: Note that adding a node to G.nodes does not add it to the graph, use
G.add_node() to add new nodes. Similarly for edges.
Edge Attributes
Add/change edge attributes using add_edge(), add_edges_from(),
or subscript notation.
End of explanation
"""


DG = nx.DiGraph()
DG.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 0.5), (3, 1, 0.75)])
DG.out_degree(1, weight='weight')
DG.degree(1, weight='weight')
list(DG.successors(1))
list(DG.neighbors(1))

"""
Explanation: The special attribute weight should be numeric as it is used by
algorithms requiring weighted edges.
Directed graphs
The DiGraph class provides additional properties specific to
directed edges, e.g.,
DiGraph.out_edges(), DiGraph.in_degree(),
DiGraph.predecessors(), DiGraph.successors() etc.
To allow algorithms to work with both classes easily, the directed versions of
neighbors() is equivalent to successors() while degree reports
the sum of in_degree and out_degree even though that may feel
inconsistent at times.
End of explanation
"""


H = nx.Graph(G)  # convert G to undirected graph

"""
Explanation: Some algorithms work only for directed graphs and others are not well
defined for directed graphs.  Indeed the tendency to lump directed
and undirected graphs together is dangerous.  If you want to treat
a directed graph as undirected for some measurement you should probably
convert it using Graph.to_undirected() or with
End of explanation
"""


MG = nx.MultiGraph()
MG.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 0.5), (1, 2, 0.75), (2, 3, 0.5)])
dict(MG.degree(weight='weight'))
GG = nx.Graph()
for n, nbrs in MG.adjacency():
   for nbr, edict in nbrs.items():
       minvalue = min([d['weight'] for d in edict.values()])
       GG.add_edge(n, nbr, weight = minvalue)

nx.shortest_path(GG, 1, 3)

"""
Explanation: Multigraphs
NetworkX provides classes for graphs which allow multiple edges
between any pair of nodes.  The MultiGraph and
MultiDiGraph
classes allow you to add the same edge twice, possibly with different
edge data.  This can be powerful for some applications, but many
algorithms are not well defined on such graphs.
Where results are well defined,
e.g., MultiGraph.degree() we provide the function.  Otherwise you
should convert to a standard graph in a way that makes the measurement
well defined.
End of explanation
"""


petersen = nx.petersen_graph()
tutte = nx.tutte_graph()
maze = nx.sedgewick_maze_graph()
tet = nx.tetrahedral_graph()

"""
Explanation: Graph generators and graph operations
In addition to constructing graphs node-by-node or edge-by-edge, they
can also be generated by

Applying classic graph operations, such as:

subgraph(G, nbunch)      - induced subgraph view of G on nodes in nbunch
   union(G1,G2)             - graph union
   disjoint_union(G1,G2)    - graph union assuming all nodes are different
   cartesian_product(G1,G2) - return Cartesian product graph
   compose(G1,G2)           - combine graphs identifying nodes common to both
   complement(G)            - graph complement
   create_empty_copy(G)     - return an empty copy of the same graph class
   convert_to_undirected(G) - return an undirected representation of G
   convert_to_directed(G)   - return a directed representation of G

Using a call to one of the classic small graphs, e.g.,
End of explanation
"""


K_5 = nx.complete_graph(5)
K_3_5 = nx.complete_bipartite_graph(3, 5)
barbell = nx.barbell_graph(10, 10)
lollipop = nx.lollipop_graph(10, 20)

"""
Explanation: Using a (constructive) generator for a classic graph, e.g.,
End of explanation
"""


er = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(100, 0.15)
ws = nx.watts_strogatz_graph(30, 3, 0.1)
ba = nx.barabasi_albert_graph(100, 5)
red = nx.random_lobster(100, 0.9, 0.9)

"""
Explanation: Using a stochastic graph generator, e.g.,
End of explanation
"""


nx.write_gml(red, "path.to.file")
mygraph = nx.read_gml("path.to.file")

"""
Explanation: Reading a graph stored in a file using common graph formats,
   such as edge lists, adjacency lists, GML, GraphML, pickle, LEDA and others.
End of explanation
"""


G = nx.Graph()
G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (1, 3)])
G.add_node("spam")       # adds node "spam"
list(nx.connected_components(G))
sorted(d for n, d in G.degree())
nx.clustering(G)

"""
Explanation: For details on graph formats see Reading and writing graphs
and for graph generator functions see Graph generators
Analyzing graphs
The structure of G can be analyzed using various graph-theoretic
functions such as:
End of explanation
"""


sp = dict(nx.all_pairs_shortest_path(G))
sp[3]

"""
Explanation: Some functions with large output iterate over (node, value) 2-tuples.
These are easily stored in a dict structure if you desire.
End of explanation
"""


# %matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

"""
Explanation: See Algorithms for details on graph algorithms
supported.
Drawing graphs
NetworkX is not primarily a graph drawing package but basic drawing with
Matplotlib as well as an interface to use the open source Graphviz software
package are included.  These are part of the networkx.drawing module and will
be imported if possible.
First import Matplotlib’s plot interface (pylab works too)
End of explanation
"""


G = nx.petersen_graph()
plt.subplot(121)
nx.draw(G, with_labels=True, font_weight='bold')
plt.subplot(122)
nx.draw_shell(G, nlist=[range(5, 10), range(5)], with_labels=True, font_weight='bold')


"""
Explanation: You may find it useful to interactively test code using ipython -pylab,
which combines the power of ipython and matplotlib and provides a convenient
interactive mode.
To test if the import of networkx.drawing was successful draw G using one of
End of explanation
"""


plt.show()

"""
Explanation: when drawing to an interactive display.  Note that you may need to issue a
Matplotlib
End of explanation
"""


options = {
    'node_color': 'black',
    'node_size': 100,
    'width': 3,
}
plt.subplot(221)
nx.draw_random(G, **options)
plt.subplot(222)
nx.draw_circular(G, **options)
plt.subplot(223)
nx.draw_spectral(G, **options)
plt.subplot(224)
nx.draw_shell(G, nlist=[range(5,10), range(5)], **options)
plt.show()

"""
Explanation: command if you are not using matplotlib in interactive mode (see
Matplotlib FAQ
).
End of explanation
"""


G = nx.dodecahedral_graph()
shells = [[2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [8, 1, 0, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 7], [9, 10, 11, 12, 13]]
nx.draw_shell(G, nlist=shells, **options)
plt.hold
plt.show()

"""
Explanation: You can find additional options via draw_networkx() and
layouts via layout.
You can use multiple shells with draw_shell().
End of explanation
"""


nx.draw(G)
plt.savefig("path.png")

"""
Explanation: To save drawings to a file, use, for example
End of explanation
"""


from networkx.drawing.nx_pydot import write_dot
pos = nx.nx_agraph.graphviz_layout(G)
nx.draw(G, pos=pos)
write_dot(G, 'file.dot')

"""
Explanation: writes to the file path.png in the local directory. If Graphviz and
PyGraphviz or pydot, are available on your system, you can also use
nx_agraph.graphviz_layout(G) or nx_pydot.graphviz_layout(G) to get the
node positions, or write the graph in dot format for further processing.
End of explanation
"""


