nx, ny = 100, 100
x = np.linspace(-5, 5, nx)
y = np.linspace(-5, 5, ny)

"""
Explanation: Basic ploting
Generate coordinate vectors
End of explanation
"""


xx, yy = np.meshgrid(x, y, sparse=True)

"""
Explanation: Generate coordinate matrices
End of explanation
"""


z = np.sin(xx**2 + yy**2) / (xx**2 + yy**2)

"""
Explanation: Compute function value
End of explanation
"""


# filled contour
plt.contourf(x, y, z)

# unfilled contour
plt.contour(x, y, z, levels=[0.5], cmap='Greys', vmin=0, vmax=1.)

"""
Explanation: Plot contours
End of explanation
"""


from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.datasets import make_classification

X, y = make_classification(200, 2, 2, 0, weights=[.5, .5], random_state=15)
clf = LogisticRegression().fit(X[:100], y[:100])

"""
Explanation: Plot Decision Boundary
First, generate the data and fit the classifier to the training set
End of explanation
"""


xx, yy = np.mgrid[-5:5:.01, -5:5:.01]
grid = np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()]
probs = clf.predict_proba(grid)[:, 1].reshape(xx.shape)

"""
Explanation: Next, make a continuous grid of values and evaluate the probability of each (x, y) point in the grid:
End of explanation
"""


f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
contour = ax.contourf(xx, yy, probs, 25, cmap="RdBu",
                      vmin=0, vmax=1)
ax_c = f.colorbar(contour)
ax_c.set_label("$P(y = 1)$")
ax_c.set_ticks([0, .25, .5, .75, 1])

ax.scatter(X[100:,0], X[100:, 1], c=y[100:], s=50,
           cmap="RdBu", vmin=-.2, vmax=1.2,
           edgecolor="white", linewidth=1)

ax.set(aspect="equal",
       xlim=(-5, 5), ylim=(-5, 5),
       xlabel="$X_1$", ylabel="$X_2$")

"""
Explanation: Now, plot the probability grid as a contour map and additionally show the test set samples on top of it:
End of explanation
"""


f, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
ax.contour(xx, yy, probs, levels=[.5], cmap="Greys", vmin=0, vmax=.6)

ax.scatter(X[100:,0], X[100:, 1], c=y[100:], s=50,
           cmap="RdBu", vmin=-.2, vmax=1.2,
           edgecolor="white", linewidth=1)

ax.set(aspect="equal",
       xlim=(-5, 5), ylim=(-5, 5),
       xlabel="$X_1$", ylabel="$X_2$")

"""
Explanation: The logistic regression lets your classify new samples based on any threshold you want, so it doesn't inherently have one "decision boundary." But, of course, a common decision rule to use is $p = .5$. We can also just draw that contour level using the above code:
End of explanation
"""


