The Arrangement of Open Space on Lamongan City Center based on Smart City Concept

At this time the city center is used as a benchmark in seeing the development of a city, includ ing the City of Lamongan. The Lamongan City Center has quite high accessibility and activities, this is due to the presence of important buildings, government buildings and pavilion, Lamongan-level markets, places of worship and town squares. However, the central area of Lamongan City has not been able to optimize the potential of open space as a support for the city center, this is because there are problems related to environmental quality, functional and visual quality of supporting elements of urban s pace. This research aims to organize the open space with the application of the Smart City concept that integrates human, environment and technology. This research uses Character Appraisal analysis techniques to measure the quality of the open environment and Triangulation to reduce the validity of the data. The results of this research indicate that the center of Lamongan City has functional and vi sual problems related to infrastructure and environmental elements, so it has not been able to realize the con cepts of Smart City, especially on the concept of Smart Mobility, Smart Living, Smart Environment and resulted in a decrease in the quality of open space in the Lamongan city center, this has an impact on the decline of the community in their activities in the open space of the center of Lamongan City.


INTRODUCTION
Lamongan City Center has high accessibility and activities, this is due to the existence of various important buildings in th e form of government buildings, Lamongan markets, places of worship and town squares. The existence of high accessibility and activities in the city center is not supported by city facilities and infrastructure, especially on the open space part of the city center. The urbanist phenomenon in urban areas should be supported by the construction of physical facilities and infrastructure and improving the existing city structure, so that the possibility of urban problems and a decrease in the ability to service fac ilities and infrastructure can be avoided [1].
Problems in the Lamongan city center space related to the functional and visual quality of the physical aspects of the open space of the city center namely: the poor system of human movement in the open space in the absence of adequate public transportation, disruption of vehicle and pedestrian pathways by the presence of illegal parking and street vendors, the lack o f community service facilities to support activities in open spaces such as the absence of road benches, poor quality lighting at n ight and the lack of order on the existing boards, in addition to the lack of handling and utilization of rubbish waste and water waste with poor maintenance of existing vegetation in the open space of Lamongan downtown. Basically in supporting the development of the city, the Lamongan City government has had a Long -Term Development Plan (RPJPD), which has the characteristics of focusing on identifying and handling strategic issues with dynamic targets, following new trends, and more oriented towards anticipatory action [2]. Based on the characteristics of the RPJPD, strategic issues with new trends, the City Government of Lamongan is one of the cities leading to Smart City with the signing of the MoU in mid-2018 in Jakarta [3].
This research contributes to the development of the city, by improving the functional and visual quality of the physical aspects of the open space in supporting the development of the city center. This research is based on problems related to the 4. Smart mobility, is a part or dimension of Smart City that specializes in transportation and community mobility or more broadly namely the infrastructure and service systems in the city. In this smart mobility there is a process of transportation and smart mobility, so that public services are expected to be created for better transportation and mobility and to eliminate common problems in transportation, such as traffic jams, traffic violations, pollution and others . 5. Smart Environment, is a part or dimension of Smart City that specializes in creating a smart environment. The assessment criteria here include a process of sustainability and better management of resources. Smart environment is applied in a city encompas sing: environmental protection, rubbish and waste management, energy management. 6. Smart Living, in this concept there are requirements and criteria as well as objectives for a better and smarter quality of life and culture management process. There are three categories that must be met in realizing smart living, namely: a. Adequate facilities for the public by utilizing information technology such as providing free and healthy internet facilities (free from pornographic content, violence, through filtering / proxy systems), CCTV installed in public places and traffic to reduce the amount of crime. b. Provision of city facilities and infrastructure that are safe and improve the quality of urban communities, and the provision of information related to the potential o f local tourism well and attractively utilizing information technology such as the existence of a geographical information system for mapping the location of attractions, the process of booking tickets and hotel rooms online and mobile. c. Adequate information technology infrastructure, so that all public facilities and services can run well through the help of computerization and information technology such as availability .

Conclusion
This study focuses on the open space of the city center as a support for the development of a city, based on the elements that form the city there are several aspects of the open space that will be arranged namely open space that includes (street furniture, green belts, utilization of the potential of open space as an energy source, and waste management in open space), infrastructure in the form of parking and circulation, markers, pedestrian paths, coupled with crossings, transportation syst ems, energy utilization and waste management, with a problem solving approach applying the concept of smart mobility, smart living and smart environment.

Research Method
In this research the authors used a descriptive type of research with qualitative methods, that in simple descriptive research aims to make a systematic, factual, and accurate description of the facts and properties of a particular region [13], while t he qualitative method, a method that involves interpretation and naturalistic approach, understanding and interpreting phen omena, and involving empirical materials [14].
In this research the data were taken using field observation techniques related to the physical aspects of open space, a literature study of the physical aspects and the concept of smart city, surveys of institutions related to local regulations and interviews with the community and city center stakeholders.
This research uses the character appraisal analysis technique to analyze the physical aspects of open space where this technique identifies a typical development pattern that illustrates a regional situation. This is used to identify the authen tication of the shape and character of the region [15]. The Character Appraisal technique can also measure the va lue of an area to a city by considering four measures of the quality of urban space namely: security and comfort, identity, use of elements, and maintena nce [16].

Design Methods
Designing a city requires decision making through a clear sequence or stag e [17]. The sequence or stages are used to fulfill the purpose of designing the city. The following stages of research in designing a city: Based on the map, the research area has various important buildings and land designations as the downtown area, so that the downtown area has very dense accessibility and activities due to the presence of these buildings.

Public Transportation and Road Networks
The central road of Lamongan City itself is included in the primary local road with two-way circulation, planned speed of 20km / h, minimum road width of 7.5 meter and is well connected between each road. On the central road of Lamongan City, it can only be accessed by private vehicles, namely cars, motorcycles, bicycles, pedicabs, and motorized pedicabs, while trucks and other large vehicles are crossed across, but with the approval of permission from the local government. In the center of Lamongan City, it is dominated by two-wheeled and four-wheeled private vehicles, with public vehicles only in the form of pedicabs rickshaws and motorized pedicabs which are usually called BELA (Becak Lamongan/Lamongan pedicabs).

Figure 1.4 The Condition of Pedicab Transportation Base in Lamongan City Center
Analysis Comfort and Safety: From the physical comfort and safety of the road infrastructure, it is quite comfortable with good road quality with a smooth asphalt cover material so that it does not cause shocks when driving, the main road has an average width of 13 m which can be used for vehicle access, but in terms of functional and visual Lamongan City center road is still not comfortable and safe because of illegal parking and street vendors that cause traffic jams. The level of comfort of the city center in terms of the transportation network system can be said to be lacking, this is due to the absence of vehicles that are according to standards and have a sufficient level of capacity for the visitors even though it has been supported by good road conditions Identity: : Roads in the city center already show identity as the city's primary roads with physical conditions and dimensions, but they still do not reflect the downtown area because it has the same closing elements as areas outside the city center. Whereas the existing transportation is in the form of pedicabs with designs in general, the identity that distinguishes from other pedica bs is only on the specific mention of BELA (Becak Lamongan /Pedicab of Lamongan), while from the road factor, the city center still does not have differences in the identity of the road between thr city center and the surrounding area. Use of element: In terms of road maintenance, the road is quite good with no potholes and damaged roads, while for public transportation maintenance there is still not good with the non -standard of some existing rickshaws, rickshaws modified by motorbikes, and no base provided for rickshaws. Maintenance: : In terms of road maintenance, the road is quite good with no potholes and damaged roads, while for public transportation maintenance there is still not good with the non -standard of some existing rickshaws, rickshaws modified by motorbikes, and No. base provided for rickhaws Analysis Conclusion: Based on the discussion above, it can be concluded that the condition of the roads in the center of Lamongan City has been very good in terms of physical quality in the absence of damaged roads, but there has been a decline i n the quality of functions due to inaccurate function of the road as a street vendor area and vehicle parking. The quality of transportation in the open space is dominated by private vehicles, while public transportation is only in the form of pedicabs with limited capacity and does not comply with transportation standards, nor is there a clear area for public transportation, so many pedicabs stop at certain areas that are not special areas, this causes a decrease in the visual quality of the city with irre gular pedicabs, as well as a number of pedicabs that stop interfering with the vehicle's circulation path, this is very inconsistent with the concept of smart mobility, which requires that movement in a space must not be impeded by other elements

Pedestrian way
The pedestrian way network in the center of Lamongan City is spread on the right and left side of the road and surrounds the town square, the pedestrian way structure in the center of Lamongan City is shown in the following figure. The level of comfort in the pedestrian is still lacking with damage to some cover elements, as well as obstruction of some lanes by the placement of street furniture, street vendors, and motorcycle parking that is not quite right and the disability lane is not connected, in terms of pedestrian way security is not good enough with several broken pedestrian b y the village road as well as several width pedestrian lines that are not wide enough for people to pass and can reduce the functional quality of the pedestrian, and the crossing paths do not have a security system. Identity: The pedestrian way in the city center does not have a stron g identity as an urban infrastructure that is functioned by pedestrians because most of the pedestrian way is misused as a parking area and also a street vendor area, and the pedestrian closing elements still do not have a harmony of colors and patterns so that it cannot shows the unity of space. The crossing system still cannot show the identity of the city center, because it has quite poor quality.

Use of element:
The pedestrian way has used natural material in the form of gravel on some pedestrian which has a width of 1 meter while on the pedestrian way with a width of 2 meters using a cover material in the form of beige tackles, crossing line s using white paint and directly painted on the asphalt surface. increase pollution and congestion, in addition to the absence of a security system on the crossing lane have an impact on the decline in urban society to cross the lane that has been provided.

Parking Area
Based on field observations, that in the open space of the center of Lamongan City there are public parking facilities namely on the outside of the Lamongan level market building and on the Jami' Lamongan mosque section, as well as on street parking.

Figure 1.6 Availability of parking in downtown Lamongan
Analysis Comfort and Safety: The parking system in the open space of the Lamongan City center based on the data above is not able to provide a sense of security and comfort. This is caused by several factors, namely the lack of land for parking areas, existing parking facilities that are not supported by security systems, as well as th e number of parking areas that do not fit the purpose, as in the pedestrian way and on the road, as well as the lack of good city government policy on the parking system, this can be proven by the existence of on-line parking facilities on several sides of the town square that have parking angles that are not parallel to the shoulder of the road, and causing a reduction in the body of the road for the movement of the vehicle this ca uses disruption of vehicle circulation and also affects the decline in the level of security along the vehicle lane. Identity: In terms of identity, the existing parking system does not yet show the parking system of a city center that should be well-organized and well-planned parking lot so that it does not cause problems in the downtown mobility system that has high mobility. Use of element: Existing parking facilities in the open space of Lamongan City center use floor coverings in the form of paving without a pattern with new borders in the form of trees in the level market are a or mosque, while on-street parking utilizes asphalt elements of the highway. Maintenance: In terms of maintenance the parking conditions in the area of the mosque of Java are very clean without any trash or damaged elements, while at the level market there are some garbage scattered in the parking area and some broken pavement elements. Analysis Conclusion: Based on the discussion above it can be concluded that the parking area in the open space of the city center is limited to the Jami' mosque and market level, but the parking area is still not sufficient to accommodate public vehicles, so that the number of illegal parking in the city center, especially on the pedestrian way and road bodies which cause a decrease in the level of quality of the space in the city center in terms of both visual and functional, because it triggers other problems such as disruption of motor vehicle circulation while moving or disrupted pedestrians who move to move using the pedestrian way.

Street Furniture
Street furniture that can be found in the open space of downtown Lamongan namely: street / park benches, billboards, street / park lights, and signage.
 Street / park benches are only found on town squares with many damaged street / park benches.   center is obstructed by other elements, such as billboards that are blocked by trees so that the function of billboards is not optimal, other than that the condition of street furnitur e is not in good condition with the number of park benches damaged, the lighting quality is not good, the fading picture of billboard, and fountain signage is not facilitated by a guardrail, this will be very worrying for parents who bring children to move around the fountain. Identity: Street furniture material is dominated by concrete and iron, while natural elements are in the form of wood as a layer of park benches and water elements found in city signage. Use of element: In terms of identity, street furniture is still not able to show the character of Lamongan City in general, and the character of the city center in particular, this can be seen from some street furniture that does not reflect the identity of the city, besides that street furniture does not have a special character compared to other regio ns. Maintenance: In terms of care for street furniture is very bad, this can be seen from some of the paint on the street furniture fading and peeling, the water condition on the signage is very dirty and mixed with leaf litter, and the fading of advertise ment boards Analysis Conclusion: Based on the discussion above, it can be concluded that street furniture in the open space of the center of Lamongan City still does not have a good condition so that the role of street furniture has not been able to support community activities and cannot support the realization of the concept of smart living in open space in the center of Lamongan City. Analysis Comfort and Safety: In terms of comfort the green belt which is dominated by shady trees is good enough to overshadow the pedestrian way but the lack of spreading of trees and the absence of ornamental plants that can provide visual comfort to the city space especially along the pedestrian way, on the town square the green belt is spread around town square but in the city ce nter there are still some sitting areas not shaded by trees, while in terms of security the trees that grow on the pedestrian path are very dangerous for pedestrians and also cause a decline in the quality of comfort. Identity: In terms of the meaning of space, the green belt has not been able to improve the impression of a city center space with the improper placement of tree dimensions and lack of vegetation that can be used as focal points in city space because it is dominated by shady

Figure 1.11 Energy Utilization in the Outer Space of Lamongan City Center
Analysis Comfort and Safety: Some electrical cables that collide with trees are very dangerous when the tree grows twigs and will also be very dangerous when there are strong winds in the city center that cause cable friction with the tree trunk, but also some electrical boxes in poor condition without any safety locks and placement a box that everyone can reach. Meanwhile, in terms of the comfort of the existence of electrical wires that hang on the ceiling of city sp aces where the placement is less tidy, it causes a decline in visual comfort in the city center. Identity: The use of energy which is dominated by electrical energy rather than solar thermal energy has not shown the character of Lamongan City which has a longer dry season than rainy season and the heat temperature is above the average of the tropics ie 26.4 ° -28.4 ° even more during the long dry season. Use of element: The use of solar thermal energy is still very limited even though it has considerable p otential as the main energy for urban infrastructure and facilities that are supported by the climate and temperature conditions of the City Lamongan but now still relies on the use of electricity that is connected to the steam power center electricity which can contribute to pollution for the environment. Maintenance: In terms of maintenance the solar panels have good conditions, while the cables and electrical boxes have unfavorable conditions, with some electrical control boxes not having a security syst em, the electrical boxes are in a rusty condition and the electricity cables are not tidy. Analysis Conclusion: Based on the discussion above that the center of Lamongan City still relies on electrical energy sources with unfavorable conditions in its system, causing the suboptimal utilization of the natural potential of the Lamongan City center and some elements of the electrical system such as cables and electrical boxes in unfavorable conditions resulting in a decre ase in visual quality from the open space of the center of Lamongan City with a variety of cables that hang neatly.

Waste Management
In the center of Lamongan City, there are several limbic systems namely waste, drainage and clean water. The garbage system at the center of Lamongan City uses a garbage bin system which will then be transported to a temporary landfill (TPS) that is outside the downtown area, then the waste will be sent to a landfill (TPA) owned by Lamongan City. in the path of the building are important several types of trash cans are found but in poor condition, while in the town square has a trash bin that is quite diverse and in good condition. having overloaded because many trash bins are damaged, so that there are many flower pots and water barrels to dispose of garbage, in addition to the lack of spreading garbage bins on the pedestrian way and the city center itself does not have a management center existing rubbish, besides that in the town square, the garbage bin is in a new condition, but the number of trash has lost its cover and the many types of garbage dumped are not in the appropriate type of garbage, whereas for water waste that is on the pedestrian path in conditions good, but when it rains, there are many stagnant water in the road area due to t he uneven flow of water discharged into the river, while in the plaza the gutter flow is filled with organic and inorganic waste and water storage in the square often floods the area around the storage because water collection is overloaded. Identity: In terms of identity, if viewed as a whole, it has not been shown that the city is clean and the management system of rubbish or water waste is bad, while in terms of the design of the trash has the same shape in general with the division of t hree types of waste. Use of element: The state of waste at the center of Lamongan City is still unable to utilize the potential of the existing environment as a source of waste management Maintenance: With the condition of several broken garbage bins, overloaded rubbish, scattered rubbish, the absence of waste management and waste water systems that are experiencing problems show a very poor level of maintenance. Analysis Conclusion: Based on the discussion above, the Lamongan City Center has a poor level of waste and water treatment that can threaten the quality of the environment owned by the Lamongan City Center by overloading existing waste and waste water storage systems and waste management systems and water that is not g ood enough so that it can affect community activities as well as visitors to spaces outside the city center besides that conditions . Based on the discussion above, the open space of Lamongan City Center requires several structuring criteria as follows: 1. Public transportation must be able to accommodate more passengers, and have a clear lap. 2. Roads in the city center must have their own character in terms of visual and material use to realize the unity of space in the city center and to have circulation and designation of road bodies that are easily known to the public.