Hydropneumothorax

Hydropneumothorax is defined as the presence of both air and fluid within the pleural space. An upright chest x-ray will show air fluid levels. The horizontal fluid level is usually well defined and extends across the whole length of hemithorax.
Signs and symptoms.
This can be remembered by 4 'S':
straight line dullness,
shifting dullness,
splash,
sound of coin.
Diagnosis.
Diagnosis can be via CXR. CT is better to outline borders of air fluid levels, however, CT has a greater radiation exposure.
Treatment.
Treatment is mostly the treatment includes ICD (intercostal drainage) of fluid and air and treatment of underlying conditions.