Pakistanis

Pakistanis () are the nationals and citizens of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Ethnically and linguistically diverse, the majority of Pakistanis natively speak languages belonging to the Indo-Aryan and Iranian language families. According to the 2017 census, the estimated population of Pakistan was over 212,000,000 people, making it the fifth-most populous country on Earth.
Located in South Asia, the country is also the source of a significantly large diaspora known as overseas Pakistanis, most of whom reside in the Gulf Arab states of the Middle East, with an estimated population of 4,700,000. The second-largest Pakistani diaspora is situated throughout Europe, where there are an estimated 2,400,000; over half of this figure reside in the United Kingdom (see British Pakistanis).
Ethnic subgroups.
Having one of the fastest-growing populations in the world, Pakistan's people belong to various ethnic subgroups, with the overwhelming majority being speakers of the Indo-Iranian languages. Ethnically, Indo-Aryan peoples comprise the majority of the population in the eastern provinces of Pakistani Punjab and Sindh, while Iranian peoples comprise the majority in the western provinces of Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In addition to its four provinces, Pakistan also administers two disputed territories in the Kashmir region known as Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit−Baltistan; both territories also have an Indo-Aryan majority with the exception of the Baltistan subregion, which is largely inhabited by Tibetan peoples. Pakistan also hosts significant populations of Dravidian peoples, the majority of whom are historical South Indians (e.g. Muslims from Hyderabad Deccan) belonging to the multiethnic community of Muhajirs (; also referred to as Urdu-speaking peoples), whose arrival to the country en masse occurred as a direct result of the Partition of British India along religious lines in 1947.
Major ethnolinguistic groups in the country include Punjabis, Pashtuns, Sindhis, Saraikis, and Baloch people, with significant numbers of Kashmiris, Brahuis, Hindkowans, Paharis, Shina people, Burusho people, Wakhis, Baltis, Chitralis and other various minorities.
Culture.
The existence of Pakistan as an Islamic state has led to the injection of Islam into most aspects of culture and everyday life, which has accordingly impacted the historical values and traditions of the Muslim-majority population. Marriages and other major events are significantly impacted by regional differences in culture, but generally follow Islamic jurisprudence where required. The national dress of Pakistan is known as the shalwar kameez, a unisex garment commonly worn throughout Central and South Asia. However, Pakistani clothing varies regionally and traditionally reflects historical ethnolinguistic links, with Indian cultural clothing such as kurtas, dhotis and saris having more prominence among the likes of the Muhajir and Punjabi communities and Persianate clothing such as chador/burqa, khetpartug and perahan-o tunban having more prominence among the Baloch and Pashtun communities.
Languages.
Urdu is the lingua franca of Pakistan, and while sharing official status with English, it is the preferred and dominant language used for inter-communication between different ethnic groups. Despite serving as the country's national language, Urdu is spoken as a second language by most Pakistanis, with nearly 93% of the population having a mother tongue other than Urdu. Numerous regional and provincial languages are spoken as first languages by Pakistan's various ethnolinguistic groups, with the Punjabi language having a national plurality as the first language of approximately 45% of the total population. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Balochi, Brahui and Hindko. The Pakistani dialect of English is also widely spoken throughout the country, albeit mostly in urban centres such as Islamabad and Karachi.
Religion.
Pakistan officially endorses Islam as a state religion and utilizes Sharia in governance across the entire country to a large degree. The overwhelming majority of Pakistanis identify as Muslims, and the country has the second-largest population of Muslims in the world after Indonesia. Other minority religious faiths in Pakistan include Hinduism, Christianity, Ahmadiyya, Sikhism, the Baháʼí Faith, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and Kalasha-mun. The Pakistani Hindu and Christian minority comprise the second- and third-largest religious groups in the country, respectively. 
Irreligion.
Irreligion, agnosticism and atheism are present amongst a minority of Pakistanis, the majority of whom belong to the newer generations. According to a 2005 Gallup World Poll, 1% of Pakistani participants declared themselves as atheists. By 2012, the figure had risen to 2%. The same poll also surveyed 2,700 in Pakistan, of whom 54 were self-declared irreligious.
Diaspora.
The Pakistani diaspora maintains a significant presence in the Middle East, Europe, North America, and Australia. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Pakistan has the in the world. According to the Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development of the Government of Pakistan, approximately 8.8 million Pakistanis live abroad, with the vast majority (over 4.7 million) residing in the Arab Gulf states of the Middle East.