Landesmuseum Hannover

The Landesmuseum Hannover or "Niedersächsisches Landesmuseum Hannover" (formerly "Museum für Kunst und Wissenschaft" until 1933) is the museum of Lower Saxony in Hanover, Germany. It is located opposite the New City Hall. The museum comprises the State Gallery ("Landesgalerie"), featuring paintings and sculptures from the Middle Ages to the 20th century, plus departments of archaeology, natural history and ethnology. The museum includes a vivarium with fish, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods.
History.
Predecessor was the Museum of Art and Science ("Museum für Kunst und Wissenschaft"), inaugurated in 1856 in the presence of George V of Hanover. Based in the present-day Hanover Künstlerhaus, it was later renamed the Museum of the Province of Hanover or Provincial Museum. The museum soon ran out of space for its art collections, prompting the construction of the current building, on the edge of the Maschpark, in 1902. It was designed by Hubert Stier in a Neo-Renaissance style. The building's relief frieze, titled "Key Moments in the Evolution of Humanity" ("Hauptmomente in der Entwicklung der Menschheit"), was created by the Hanoverian artist Georg Herting in partnership with Karl Gundelach and Georg Küsthardt.
It was renamed the State Museum in 1933, and finally the Lower Saxony State Museum of Hanover in 1950.
The cupola above the central risalit was destroyed by Allied bombs during the war. Extensive renovations and modernisations were carried out in the interior from 1995 to 2000. The reopening took place on 13 May as part of Expo 2000.
Collections.
State Gallery.
The State Gallery ("Landesgalerie") features art from the 11th to the 20th centuries. The collection includes German and Italian works from the Renaissance and the Baroque, 17th-century Flemish and Dutch paintings, Danish paintings from the 19th and 20th centuries (e.g. Constantin Hansen), and a print room featuring old German masters, Dutch drawings, 19th-century printworks, and drawings by German Impressionists. Some of the best-known artists include Rembrandt, Rubens and Albrecht Dürer.
The gallery's other strengths include German and French Impressionist paintings, works by Max Liebermann, Lovis Corinth and Max Slevogt, and major works from members of the Künstlerkolonie Worpswede group, such as Bernhard Hoetger, Fritz Overbeck, Otto Modersohn and Paula Modersohn-Becker. Caspar David Friedrich's four-piece "Tageszeitenzyklus" (The Times of Day) is the only complete such series by Friedrich in a single museum.
Natural history.
The natural history department features a life-sized model of a dinosaur, and a vivarium with more than 2,000 native and exotic fish, amphibians and reptiles. The model dinosaur, an iguanodon, is not an accurate reconstruction by the standards of modern palaeontology, but has been integrated into an exhibition which shows the changing reconstructions of this species over time. The department also has zoological, botanical, anthropological, geographical and geological exhibits on the primeval history of Lower Saxony's regions, including the Harz mountains, the heathlands, and the North Sea coast.
Archaeology.
The Lower Saxony State Museum has a major archaeological collection, containing some unique finds. With over a million artifacts showing the economic and technological development of human settlement, the display covers almost 500,000 years of history, spanning the Early Stone Age to the late Middle Ages, from the early hunter-gatherer cultures to the blossoming of metropolitan life. The archaeology department is supported by the Lower Saxony State Society of Prehistory ("Niedersächsischer Landesverein für Urgeschichte"), and its working group "Arbeitskreis... STEINZEIT".
Ethnology.
The ethnological collection is among the oldest in German-speaking territory, and includes around 20,000 artworks and everyday artefacts from all parts of the world. A wide range of religions and cultures in America, Africa, Oceania and Asia is displayed through the findings of explorers and ethnologists.
Special exhibitions and facilities.
The Lower Saxony State Museum regularly hosts temporary exhibitions on changing themes. The museum also offers its own pest control facility (a nitrogen chamber) for infested artworks and artefacts, for use by citizens.