National symbols of Portugal

The symbols of Portugal are official and unofficial flags, icons or cultural expressions that are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of Portugal and of its culture.
Anthems.
"A Portuguesa" (The Portuguese) is the national anthem of Portugal.
It was composed by Alfredo Keil and written by Henrique Lopes de Mendonça during the resurgent nationalist movement ignited by the 1890 British Ultimatum to Portugal concerning its African colonies. Used as the marching song of the failed republican rebellion of January 1891, in Porto, it was adopted as the national anthem of the newborn Portuguese Republic in 1911, replacing the "Hino da Carta" (Charter Anthem) which was the Portuguese national anthem during the period of the deposed constitutional monarchy. The "Hino da Carta" had in turn replaced in 1834, the "Hino Patriótico" (Patriotic Anthem), used until then as a semi-official national anthem.
The current official version of the "A Portuguesa" was approved by the Portuguese Council of Ministers in 16 July 1957.
The "A Portuguesa" was constitutionally confirmed as a national symbol in the Portuguese Constitution of 1976.
Portugal has also a secondary official anthem, which is the "Maria da Fonte anthem". This anthem is used in certain occasions - during military and civic ceremonies - when the "A Portuguesa" does not apply, namely, serving as honors music to the Speaker of the Parliament, the Prime Minister and Cabinet, the President of the Supreme Court of Justice and the military heads of the Armed Forces, Navy, Army and Air Force.